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Yokota H, Asahi R, Akamine Y, Kobayashi M, Wakabayashi H, Sakamoto S, Okuda Y, Sato K, Nakayama K, Kikuchi M. Case report of QT interval prolongation induced by anamorelin in an obese patient with non-small cell lung cancer. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38926760 PMCID: PMC11202361 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-024-00356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anamorelin, a drug to treat cancer cachexia, binds to ghrelin receptors and improves body weight and appetite. In clinical trials in Japan, patients experienced a 10.7% frequency of stimulant conduction system depression as a severe side effect. Although rare, anamorelin sometimes causes fatal arrhythmias. Because patients with cancer cachexia are often underweight, data on the safety of anamorelin in obese patients are lacking. We report a case of QT interval prolongation after anamorelin administration to an obese patient with non-small cell lung cancer. CASE PRESENTATION A female patient with a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 underwent immunotherapy for lung adenocarcinoma. She presented with severe weight loss, anorexia, and fatigue. She had no history of heart disease. On day 12, after administration of anamorelin 100 mg once daily, the patient developed nausea, diarrhea, and anorexia, which were considered cancer immunotherapy-induced immune-related adverse events, and she was admitted to the hospital. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on admission showed a QTc interval of 502 ms. On admission, her hepatic function was Child-Pugh class B, and anamorelin was discontinued the next day. On day 3 after anamorelin discontinuation, the QTc interval was prolonged by up to 557 ms, then decreased to 490 ms on day 6, and improved to 450 ms on day 16. Re-administration of anamorelin was avoided. CONCLUSIONS When administering anamorelin to obese patients, we should be aware of the potential for stimulatory conduction system depression, as in underweight patients. Therefore, we should monitor patients by ECG from the early stages of anamorelin administration. Anamorelin is lipophilic, and its volume of distribution is increased in obese patients. Consequently, obese patients may continue to have QT interval prolongation after discontinuation of anamorelin, requiring long-term side-effect monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Yokota
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Ruriko Asahi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yumiko Akamine
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiyu Wakabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Sho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yuji Okuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Nakayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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Zheng J, Fang J, Xu D, Liu H, Wei X, Qin C, Xue J, Gao Z, Hu N. Micronano Synergetic Three-Dimensional Bioelectronics: A Revolutionary Breakthrough Platform for Cardiac Electrophysiology. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15332-15357. [PMID: 38837178 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and therefore pose a significant threat to human health. Cardiac electrophysiology plays a crucial role in the investigation and treatment of CVDs, including arrhythmia. The long-term and accurate detection of electrophysiological activity in cardiomyocytes is essential for advancing cardiology and pharmacology. Regarding the electrophysiological study of cardiac cells, many micronano bioelectric devices and systems have been developed. Such bioelectronic devices possess unique geometric structures of electrodes that enhance quality of electrophysiological signal recording. Though planar multielectrode/multitransistors are widely used for simultaneous multichannel measurement of cell electrophysiological signals, their use for extracellular electrophysiological recording exhibits low signal strength and quality. However, the integration of three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode/multitransistor arrays that use advanced penetration strategies can achieve high-quality intracellular signal recording. This review provides an overview of the manufacturing, geometric structure, and penetration paradigms of 3D micronano devices, as well as their applications for precise drug screening and biomimetic disease modeling. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the current challenges and outlines future directions for the preparation and application of micronano bioelectronic devices, with an aim to promote the development of intracellular electrophysiological platforms and thereby meet the demands of emerging clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxin Xu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jiajin Xue
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Mitsuboshi S, Imai S, Kizaki H, Hori S. Concomitant use of lansoprazole and ceftriaxone is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest in a large Japanese hospital database. J Infect 2024; 89:106202. [PMID: 38897240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether concomitant use of ceftriaxone and oral or intravenous lansoprazole increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest in the real-world setting in Japan. METHODS The data analyzed were obtained from the JMDC hospital-based administrative claims database for the period April 2014 to August 2022. Patients who received a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) while receiving ceftriaxone or sulbactam/ampicillin were identified. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest was analyzed according to whether oral or intravenous PPI was concomitant with ceftriaxone or sulbactam/ampicillin. Estimates of the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest were then compared among the groups, using the Fine-Gray competing risk regression model. RESULTS The results showed that the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest was significantly higher with concomitant ceftriaxone and oral lansoprazole (hazard ratio 4.57, 95% confidence interval 1.99-4.29, P < 0.01) or intravenous lansoprazole (hazard ratio 4.57, 95% confidence interval 1.24-16.80, P = 0.02) than with concomitant sulbactam/ampicillin and oral or intravenous lansoprazole. CONCLUSIONS Oral and intravenous lansoprazole may increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest in patients who are receiving ceftriaxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Mitsuboshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaetsu Hospital, Niigata, Japan; Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shungo Imai
- Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hayato Kizaki
- Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Hori
- Division of Drug Informatics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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Gamazo-Herrero J, Medina-Luezas JA, Cusacovich I, Martín-Asenjo M, González-Montagut-Gómez C, Sánchez-González MD, Aramburu-Muñoz F, Janta I, García-Morán E, Veras-Burgos CM, Corral-Gudino L, Abad-Molina C, González-Fuentes R. Should Physicians Be Aware of Rhythm Disturbances in Adults with Systemic Autoimmune Diseases and Anti-Ro52 Antibodies? A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3510. [PMID: 38930039 PMCID: PMC11204400 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The association between anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and the appearance of cardiac rhythm disorders in adults is discussed. We aim to study this relationship, together with active treatments and comorbidities, and its impact on daily clinical practice in adults with systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs). Methods: This cross-sectional single-center study was conducted in a tertiary hospital between January 2021 and March 2022. A sample of adult patients followed up in the SAD Unit with a diagnosis of a SAD and previously tested for anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB were recruited. All of them underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Results: 167 patients were included. 90 (53.9%) were positive for anti-Ro60, 101 (60.5%) for anti-Ro52, and 45 (26.9%) for anti-La/SSB; 52 (31.3%) were triple-negative. 84% were women, and the mean age was 59 years (standard deviation 12.8). The most common SAD was primary Sjögren's syndrome (34.8%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (24.6%) and rheumatoid arthritis (22.8%). A statistically significant relationship was found between anti-Ro52 positivity and cardiac rhythm disorders (relative risk = 2.007 [1.197-3.366]), specifically QTc prolongation (relative risk = 4.248 [1.553-11.615]). Multivariate regressions showed a significant association, with diabetes mellitus being the most related comorbidity. The association between anti-Ro52 antibodies and atrioventricular conduction disorders was not significant. Conclusions: The presence of anti-Ro52 antibodies in adult patients with SADs is associated with an increased risk of QTc prolongation. Electrocardiographic screening of patients with SAD, anti-Ro52 antibodies, and other risk factors, like diabetes mellitus or QT-prolonging drugs, seems advisable. Those with baseline electrocardiogram abnormalities or additional risk factors should undergo electrocardiographic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gamazo-Herrero
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (J.G.-H.)
| | - Julio Antonio Medina-Luezas
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ivan Cusacovich
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (J.G.-H.)
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Medicine College, University of Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 7, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Martín-Asenjo
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (J.G.-H.)
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Medicine College, University of Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 7, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Montagut-Gómez
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Sánchez-González
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Francisco Aramburu-Muñoz
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Iustina Janta
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Emilio García-Morán
- Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Miguel Veras-Burgos
- Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Corral-Gudino
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Medicine College, University of Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 7, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), C/Dulzaina n°2, 47012 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Abad-Molina
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto González-Fuentes
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (SACYL), Avda. Ramón y Cajal nº3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain; (J.G.-H.)
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Toxicology, Medicine College, University of Valladolid, Avda. Ramón y Cajal 7, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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Robinson KM, Eum S, Desta Z, Tyndale RF, Gaedigk A, Crist RC, Haidar CE, Myers AL, Samer CF, Somogyi AA, Zubiaur P, Iwuchukwu OF, Whirl-Carrillo M, Klein TE, Caudle KE, Donnelly RS, Kharasch ED. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guideline for CYP2B6 Genotype and Methadone Therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38863207 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Methadone is a mu (μ) opioid receptor agonist used clinically in adults and children to manage opioid use disorder, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and acute and chronic pain. It is typically marketed as a racemic mixture of R- and S-enantiomers. R-methadone has 30-to 50-fold higher analgesic potency than S-methadone, and S-methadone has a greater adverse effect (prolongation) on the cardiac QTc interval. Methadone undergoes stereoselective metabolism. CYP2B6 is the primary enzyme responsible for catalyzing the metabolism of both enantiomers to the inactive metabolites, S- and R-2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (S- and R-EDDP). Genetic variation in the CYP2B6 gene has been investigated in the context of implications for methadone pharmacokinetics, dose, and clinical outcomes. Most CYP2B6 variants result in diminished or loss of CYP2B6 enzyme activity, which can lead to higher plasma methadone concentrations (affecting S- more than R-methadone). However, the data do not consistently indicate that CYP2B6-based metabolic variability has a clinically significant effect on methadone dose, efficacy, or QTc prolongation. Expert analysis of the published literature does not support a change from standard methadone prescribing based on CYP2B6 genotype (updates at www.cpicpgx.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Robinson
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seenae Eum
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cyrine E Haidar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alan L Myers
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Caroline F Samer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrew A Somogyi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pablo Zubiaur
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Otito F Iwuchukwu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Farleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Teri E Klein
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kelly E Caudle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roseann S Donnelly
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan D Kharasch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine | Bermaride LLC, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Li P, Zhu M, Gao A, Guo H, Fu A, Zhao A, Guo D. A case-control study on the clinical characteristics of granisetron-related arrhythmias and the development of a predictive nomogram. Int J Clin Pharm 2024; 46:684-693. [PMID: 38416350 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-024-01703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automatic monitoring and assessment are increasingly employed in drug safety evaluations using hospital information system data. The increasing concern about granisetron-related arrhythmias requires real-world studies to improve our understanding of its safety. AIM This study aimed to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of granisetron-related arrhythmias in hospitalized patients using real-world data obtained from the Adverse Drug Event Active Surveillance and Assessment System-II (ADE-ASAS-II) and concurrently aimed to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the occurrence of arrhythmias. METHOD Retrospective automatic monitoring of inpatients using granisetron was conducted in a Chinese hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, to determine the incidence of arrhythmias using ADE-ASAS- II. Propensity score matching was used to balance confounders and analyze clinical characteristics. Based on risk factors identified through logistic regression analysis, a prediction nomogram was established and internally validated using the Bootstrap method. RESULTS Arrhythmias occurred in 178 of 72,508 cases taking granisetron with an incidence of 0.3%. Independent risk factors for granisetron-related arrhythmias included medication duration, comorbid cardiovascular disease, concomitant use of other 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists, alanine aminotransferase > 40 U/L, and blood urea nitrogen > 7.5 mmol/L. The nomogram demonstrated good differentiation and calibration, with enhanced clinical benefit observed when the risk threshold ranged from 0.10 to 0.82. CONCLUSION The nomogram, based on the five identified independent risk factors, may be valuable in predicting the risk of granisetron-related arrhythmias in the administered population, offering significant clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Man Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ao Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Haili Guo
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - An Fu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Anqi Zhao
- Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Daihong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Shen J, Fu H, Ding Y, Yuan Z, Xiang Z, Ding M, Huang M, Peng Y, Li T, Zha K, Ye Q. The role of iron overload and ferroptosis in arrhythmia pathogenesis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 52:101414. [PMID: 38694269 PMCID: PMC11060960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death triggered by intracellular iron overload, which leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxides in various cells. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, including tumors, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The intricate mechanism underlying ferroptosis involves an imbalance between the oxidation and antioxidant systems, disturbances in iron metabolism, membrane lipid peroxidation, and dysregulation of amino acid metabolism. We highlight the key molecular mechanisms governing iron overload and ferroptosis, and discuss potential molecular pathways linking ferroptosis with arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Hengsong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yanling Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ziyang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zeming Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Miao Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yongquan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Kelan Zha
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qiang Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Wu J, Pan H, Shen L, Zhao M. Assessing the safety of bedaquiline: insight from adverse event reporting system analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1382441. [PMID: 38783951 PMCID: PMC11111899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1382441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The development and marketing of Bedaquiline (BDQ) represent significant advancements in treating tuberculosis, particularly multidrug-resistant forms. However, comprehensive research into BDQ's real-world safety remains limited. Purpose We obtained BDQ related adverse event (AE) information from the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to assess its safety and inform drug usage. Methods The AE data for BDQ from 2012 Q4 to 2023 Q3 was collected and standardized. Disproportionality analysis, including Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Multi-item Gamma Poisson Shrinker (MGPS), and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) was used to quantify signals of BDQ-related AEs. Logistic regression was used to analyze the individual data of hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury, and multiple linear regression models were established. Additionally, network pharmacology was employed to identify the potential biological mechanisms of BDQ-induced liver injury. Results We identified 2017 case reports directly related to BDQ. Our analysis identified 341 Preferred Terms (PTs) characterizing these AEs across 27 System Organ Classes (SOC). An important discovery was the identification of AEs associated with ear and labyrinth disorders, which had not been documented in the drug's official leaflet before. Subgroup analysis revealed a negative correlation between BDQ-related liver injury and females (OR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.3-0.6). In addition, via network pharmacology approach, a total of 76 potential targets for BDQ related liver injury were predicted, and 11 core target genes were selected based on the characterization of protein-protein interactions. The pathway linked to BDQ-induced liver injury was identified, and it was determined that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway contained the highest number of associated genes. Conclusion The analysis of the FAERS database revealed adverse events linked to BDQ, prompting the use of a network pharmacology approach to study the potential molecular mechanism of BDQ-induced liver injury. These findings emphasized the significance of drug safety and offered understanding into the mechanisms behind BDQ-induced liver injury. BDQ demonstrated distinct advantages, including reduced incidence of certain adverse events compared to traditional treatments such as injectable agents and second-line drugs. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of this analysis, including potential underreporting and confounding factors. This study provides valuable insights into the safety of BDQ and its role in the management of MDR-TB, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and monitoring to ensure its safe and effective use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No.5 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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9
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Siwek M, Krupa AJ, Woroń J. Interactions between grapefruit juice and psychotropic medications: an update of the literature and an original case series. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:333-345. [PMID: 38721667 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2352468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a large body of preclinical data implicating that grapefruit juice (GJ) inhibits many CYP 450 isoforms. The potential of GJ-to-drug is of high relevance to clinical psychiatry, because a wide range of psychotropic medicines undergo CYP 450 metabolism and P-gp transport. AREAS COVERED Relevant data were identified by searching the electronic databases up to February 2024. This work constitutes a summary of preclinical and clinical data on GJ impact on CYP 450 metabolism, P-glycoprotein, and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), with focus on studies that assessed GJ-to-psychotropic drug interactions. Additionally, an unpublished case series of nine patients is provided. EXPERT OPINION The impact of GJ on CYP 3A4 appears to be the critical mechanism for the majority of GJ-to-psychopharmacotherapy interactions described in human studies or case reports. However, there are studies and cases of patients clearly showing that this is not the only route explaining the GJ effect, and at times, this particular is of no relevance and that other CYP 450 isoforms as well as drug transporting proteins might be involved. The risk of GJ-to-psychotropic drugs needs to be further evaluated in a 'real-world' setting and apply not only measures of pharmacokinetics but also treatment effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Julia Krupa
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Woroń
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
- University Center for Monitoring and Research on Adverse Drug Effects in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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10
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Zha F, Li X, Yin H, Huang D, Du Y, Zhou C. Case report: A 56-year-old woman presenting with torsades de pointes and cardiac arrest associated with levosimendan administration and underlying congenital long QT syndrome type 1. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29300. [PMID: 38644859 PMCID: PMC11033119 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Torsades de Pointes (TdP) is a malignant polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with heart rate corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation, which may be attributed to congenital and acquired factors. Although various acquired factors for TdP have been summarized, levosimendan administration in complex postoperative settings is relatively uncommon. Timely identification of potential causes and appropriate management may improve the outcome. Herein, we describe the postoperative case of a 56-year-old female with initial normal QTc who accepted the administration of levosimendan for heart failure, suffered TdP, cardiac arrest, and possible Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, further genetically confirmed as long QT syndrome type 1 (LQT1). The patient was successfully treated with magnesium sulfate, atenolol, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. There should be a careful evaluation of the at-risk populations and close monitoring of the electrocardiograms, particularly the QT interval, to reduce the risk of near-fatal arrhythmias during the use of levosimendan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Zha
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, SZ, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, SZ, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, SZ, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, SZ, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, BJ, China
| | - Chuzhi Zhou
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, SZ, China
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11
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Tamura K, Nakaharai K, Yoshida M. Frequent premature ventricular contractions induced by fluconazole: A case report. IDCases 2024; 36:e01952. [PMID: 38659621 PMCID: PMC11040133 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fluconazole is commonly used to treat and prevent fungal infections caused by Candida and Cryptococcus species. Although there have been reports of fatal arrhythmias induced by fluconazole, such as torsades de pointes, there have been minimal reports of mild, non-fatal arrhythmias associated with it, which may have been overlooked in clinical practice. We encountered a case of frequent premature ventricular contractions induced by fluconazole during the treatment of HIV-related pulmonary cryptococcosis. Herein, we report a case of frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) induced by fluconazole, along with a literature review. Case presentation A 47-year-old man diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus-related pulmonary cryptococcosis experienced an irregular heartbeat during antifungal therapy with fluconazole at 400 mg once daily. A 12-lead electrocardiogram was conducted, which displayed frequent unifocal PVCs originating in the right ventricular outflow tract without QT prolongation. After reducing the dose of fluconazole to 200 mg once daily, the patient's symptoms slightly improved, and PVC frequency decreased on a 12-lead ECG; however, PVCs did not disappear. After discontinuing fluconazole, the symptoms improved, and a follow-up 12-lead electrocardiogram showed no PVCs. Conclusions We encountered the case of frequent PVCs induced by fluconazole during the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related pulmonary cryptococcosis. Furthermore, it was suggested that the PVC frequency was dose-dependent for fluconazole. Careful follow-up for new-onset arrhythmias and ECG evaluations are essential before and after fluconazole administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Tamura
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakaharai
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Li B, Lin M, Wu L. Drug-induced AF: Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms and Management Strategies. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2024; 13:e06. [PMID: 38706787 PMCID: PMC11066853 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2023.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
AF is a prevalent condition that is associated with various modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors. Drug-induced AF, despite being commonly under-recognised, can be relatively easy to manage. Numerous cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular agents, including catecholaminergic agents, adenosine, anti-tumour agents and others, have been reported to induce AF. However, the mechanisms underlying drug-induced AF are diverse and not fully understood. The complexity of clinical scenarios and insufficient knowledge regarding drug-induced AF have rendered the management of this condition complicated, and current treatment guidelines follow those for other types of AF. Here, we present a review of the epidemiology of drug-induced AF and highlight a range of drugs that can induce or exacerbate AF, along with their molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms. Given the inadequate evidence and lack of attention, further research is crucial to underscore the clinical significance of drug-induced AF, clarify the underlying mechanisms and develop effective treatment strategies for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Mingjie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Qingdao BranchQingdao, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First HospitalBeijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking UniversityBeijing, China
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13
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Lowe RN, Wright G, Olivas L, Teel C, Suresh K, Macke LB, Sieja A, Rosenberg MA, Trinkley KE. Evaluating the prescribing and monitoring of medications associated with QTc-prolongation in the ambulatory care setting. J Eval Clin Pract 2024; 30:385-392. [PMID: 38073034 PMCID: PMC11023790 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Little is known about the prescribing of medications with potential to cause QTc-prolongation in the ambulatory care settings. Understanding real-world prescribing of QTc-prolonging medications and actions taken to mitigate this risk will help guide strategies to optimize safety and appropriate prescribing among ambulatory patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of clinician action taken to monitor and mitigate modifiable risk factors for QTc-prolongation when indicated. METHODS This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated clinician action at the time of prescribing prespecified medications with potential to prolong QTc in adult patients in primary care. The index date was defined as the date the medication was ordered. Electronic health record (EHR) data were evaluated to assess patient, clinician and visit characteristics. Clinician action was determined if baseline or follow-up monitoring was ordered or if action was taken to mitigate modifiable risk factors (laboratory abnormalities or electrocardiogram [ECG] monitoring) within 48 h of prescribing a medication with QTc-prolonging risk. Descriptive statistics were used to describe current practice. RESULTS A total of 399 prescriptions were prescribed to 386 patients, with a mean age of 51 ± 18 years, during March 2021 from a single-centre, multisite health system. Of these, 17 (4%) patients had a known history of QTc-prolongation, 170 (44%) did not have a documented history of QTc-prolongation and 199 (52%) had an unknown history (no ECG documented). Thirty-nine patients (10%) had at least one laboratory-related risk factor at the time of prescribing, specifically hypokalemia (16 patients), hypomagnesemia (8 patients) or hypocalcemia (19 patients). Of these 39 patients with laboratory risk factors, only 6 patients (15%) had their risk acknowledged or addressed by a clinician. Additionally, eight patients' most recent QTc was ≥500 ms and none had an ECG checked at the time the prescription was ordered. CONCLUSION Despite national recommendations, medication monitoring and risk mitigation is infrequent when prescribing QTc-prolonging medications in the ambulatory care setting. These findings call for additional research to better understand this gap, including reasons for the gap and consequences on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Lowe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Garth Wright
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lucas Olivas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Candance Teel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Krithika Suresh
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura B Macke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber Sieja
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael A Rosenberg
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Katy E Trinkley
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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14
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Lucà F, Pavan D, Gulizia MM, Manes MT, Abrignani MG, Benedetto FA, Bisceglia I, Brigido S, Caldarola P, Calvanese R, Canale ML, Caretta G, Ceravolo R, Chieffo A, Chimenti C, Cornara S, Cutolo A, Di Fusco SA, Di Matteo I, Di Nora C, Fattirolli F, Favilli S, Francese GM, Gelsomino S, Geraci G, Giubilato S, Ingianni N, Iorio A, Lanni F, Montalto A, Nardi F, Navazio A, Nesti M, Parrini I, Pilleri A, Pozzi A, Rao CM, Riccio C, Rossini R, Scicchitano P, Valente S, Zuccalà G, Gabrielli D, Grimaldi M, Colivicchi F, Oliva F. Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists Position Paper 'Gender discrepancy: time to implement gender-based clinical management'. Eur Heart J Suppl 2024; 26:ii264-ii293. [PMID: 38784671 PMCID: PMC11110461 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It has been well assessed that women have been widely under-represented in cardiovascular clinical trials. Moreover, a significant discrepancy in pharmacological and interventional strategies has been reported. Therefore, poor outcomes and more significant mortality have been shown in many diseases. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences in drug metabolism have also been described so that effectiveness could be different according to sex. However, awareness about the gender gap remains too scarce. Consequently, gender-specific guidelines are lacking, and the need for a sex-specific approach has become more evident in the last few years. This paper aims to evaluate different therapeutic approaches to managing the most common women's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lucà
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano GOM, Reggio Calabria, Via Melacriono, 1, 89129 Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Daniela Pavan
- Cardio-Cerebro-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, (AS FO) Via della Vecchia Ceramica, 1, Pordenone 33170, Italy
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiology Spoke Cetraro-Paola, San Franceco di paola Hospital, 87027 Paola, CS, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Manes
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiology Spoke Cetraro-Paola, San Franceco di paola Hospital, 87027 Paola, CS, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Antonio Benedetto
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano GOM, Reggio Calabria, Via Melacriono, 1, 89129 Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Irma Bisceglia
- Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvana Brigido
- Cardiology Clinics, ‘F.’ Hospital Jaia’, 70014 Conversano, BA, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giorgio Caretta
- Cardiology Unit, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 19100 La Spezia, SP, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Cardiology Division, Giovanni Paolo II Hospial, 88046 Lamezia Terme, CZ, Italy
| | - Alaide Chieffo
- Interventional Cardiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cornara
- Levante Cardiology, San Paolo Hospital, Savona, 17100 Savona, SV, Italy
| | - Ada Cutolo
- Cardiolog Unit, Ospedale dell’Angelo, 30172 Mestre, Italy
| | | | - Irene Di Matteo
- Cardiology Unit, Cariovascular Department, ‘A. De Gasperis’, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Nora
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 33100 Udine, UD, Italy
| | - Francesco Fattirolli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Florence University, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Silvia Favilli
- Pediatric and Transition Cardiology Unit, Meyer University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Maura Francese
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiology Spoke Cetraro-Paola, San Franceco di paola Hospital, 87027 Paola, CS, Italy
| | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Pediatric and Transition Cardiology Unit, Meyer University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanna Geraci
- Cardiology Unit, Sant'Antonio Abate di Erice, 91016 Erice, Trapani, Italy
| | | | | | - Annamaria Iorio
- Cardiology Unity 1, Cardiology 1, Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Francesca Lanni
- Cardiology Unity, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Andrea Montalto
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Nardi
- Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Casale Monferrato, Italy
| | | | - Martina Nesti
- Cardiology Unity, San Donato Hospital, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Iris Parrini
- Cardiology Unity, Umberto I Di Torino Hospital, 10128 Torino, Italy
| | - Annarita Pilleri
- Federico Nardi, Cardiology Unit, Casale Monferrato Hospital, 15033 Casale Monferrato (AL), Italy
| | - Andrea Pozzi
- Cardiology Unity 1, Cardiology 1, Cardiovascular Department, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Massimiliano Rao
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano GOM, Reggio Calabria, Via Melacriono, 1, 89129 Reggio, Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Riccio
- Post-Acute Patient Follow-up Unit, Cardio-Vascular Department, AORN Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy
| | | | | | - Serafina Valente
- Clinical-Surgical Cardiology, A.O.U. Siena, Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zuccalà
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart and IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, U.O.C. Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione per il Tuo cuore—Heart Care Foundation, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Massimo Grimaldi
- Cardiology Division, Coronary Intensive Care Unit, Miulli Hospital, 70021 Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiology Unit, Cariovascular Department, ‘A. De Gasperis’, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy
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15
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Zuin M, Porcari A, Rigatelli G, Merlo M, Bilato C, Roncon L, Sinagra G. Trends of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related mortality in United States young adults: a nationwide 20-year analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:303-310. [PMID: 38358911 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Data regarding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-related mortality in United States young adults, defined as those aged between 25 and 44 years, are lacking. We sought to assess the trends in HCM-related mortality among US young adults between 1999 and 2019 and determine differences by sex, race, ethnicity, urbanization and census region. METHODS Mortality data were retrieved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) dataset from January 1999 to December 2019. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were assessed using the Joinpoint regression modeling and expressed as estimated average annual percentage change (AAPC) with relative 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Over 20-year period, the AAMR from HCM in US young adults linearly decreased, with no differences between sexes [AAPC: -5.3% (95% CI -6.1 to -4.6), P < 0.001]. The AAMR decrease was more pronounced in Black patients [AAPC: -6.4% (95% CI -7.6 to -5.1), P < 0.001], Latinx/Hispanic patients [AAPC: -4.8% (95% CI -7.2 to -2.36), P < 0.001] and residents of urban areas [AAPC: -5.4% (95% CI -6.2 to -4.6), P < 0.001]. The higher percentages of HCM-related deaths occurred in the South of the country and at the patient's home. CONCLUSION HCM-related mortality in US young adults has decreased over the last two decades in the United States. Subgroup analyses by race, ethnicity, urbanization and census region showed ethnoracial and regional disparities that will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara
| | - Aldostefano Porcari
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERNGUARD-Heart
| | | | - Marco Merlo
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERNGUARD-Heart
| | - Claudio Bilato
- Department of Cardiology, West Vicenza Hospital, Arzignano
| | - Loris Roncon
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiomyopathies, Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste
- European Reference Network for Rare, Low Prevalence and Complex Diseases of the Heart-ERNGUARD-Heart
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16
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Yfanti C, Vestbjerg B, Van't Westende J, Edvardsson N, Monfort LM, Olesen MS, Bentzen BH, Grunnet M, Eveleens Maarse BC, Diness JG, Kemme MJB, Sørensen U, Moerland M, van Esdonk MJ, Klaassen ES, Gal P, Holst AG. A phase 1 trial of AP30663, a K Ca2 channel inhibitor in development for conversion of atrial fibrillation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:1027-1035. [PMID: 37990600 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS AP30663 is a novel compound under development for pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation by targeting the small conductance Ca2+ activated K+ (KCa2) channel. The aim of this extension phase 1 study was to test AP30663 at higher single doses compared to the first-in-human trial. METHODS Sixteen healthy male volunteers were randomized into 2 cohorts: 6- and 8-mg/kg intravenous single-dose administration of AP30663 vs. placebo. Safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data were collected. RESULTS AP30663 was associated with mild and transient infusion site reactions with no clustering of other adverse events but with an estimated maximum mean QTcF interval prolongation of 45.2 ms (95% confidence interval 31.5-58.9) in the 6 mg/kg dose level and 50.4 ms (95% confidence interval 36.7-64.0) with 8 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetics was dose proportional with terminal half-life of around 3 h. CONCLUSION AP30663 in doses up to 8 mg/kg was associated with mild and transient infusion site reactions and an increase of the QTcF interval. Supporting Information support that the QTc effect may be explained by an off-target inhibition of the IKr channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nils Edvardsson
- Acesion Pharma ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- Acesion Pharma ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Boukje C Eveleens Maarse
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Matthijs Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pim Gal
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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17
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Liu G, Chen T, Zhang X, Hu B, Shi H. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiovascular toxicities: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25747. [PMID: 38434280 PMCID: PMC10907684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionary effects on therapeutic strategies for multiple malignancies. Their efficacy depends on their ability to reactivate the host immune system to fight cancer cells. However, adverse reactions to ICIs are common and involve several organs, limiting their use in clinical practice. Although the incidence of cardiovascular toxicity is relatively low, it is associated with serious consequences and high mortality rates. The primary cardiovascular toxicities include myocarditis, pericarditis, Takotsubo syndrome, arrhythmia, vasculitis, acute coronary syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. Currently, the mechanism underlying ICI-associated cardiovascular toxicity remains unclear and underexplored. The diagnosis and monitoring of ICI-associated cardiovascular toxicities mainly include the following indicators: symptoms, signs, laboratory examination, electrocardiography, imaging, and pathology. Treatments are based on the grade of cardiovascular toxicity and mainly include drug withdrawal, corticosteroid therapy, immunosuppressants, and conventional cardiac treatment. This review focuses on the incidence, underlying mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Tao Chen Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huashan Shi
- Guihong Liu Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Haddad AW, Adelakun A, Abouzeid W, Mirza N, Kumanayaka D, Haddad DW, Correia J. Black Cohosh: An Uncommon Culprit of Bradycardia in Postmenopausal Women. Cureus 2024; 16:e55984. [PMID: 38606233 PMCID: PMC11007446 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal supplements has become increasingly prevalent, with black cohosh (BC) gaining popularity for managing menopausal symptoms. However, reports of adverse effects associated with BC are limited. We present a case of bradycardia linked to prolonged BC ingestion. A 76-year-old postmenopausal woman who has been taking BC for years has had syncopal attacks multiple times during the past years associated with bradycardia with the heart rate dropping to 30 beats/minute with no identifiable cause. Discontinuation of BC resulted in a gradual resolution of bradycardia, highlighting a plausible association. There were no additional pharmacological or invasive interventions required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad W Haddad
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | | | - Wassim Abouzeid
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | - Noreen Mirza
- Internal Medicine, Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, USA
| | | | - Deema W Haddad
- College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, JOR
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19
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Wang CL, Wu VCC, Lee CH, Wu CL, Chen HM, Huang YT, Chang SH. Incidences, risk factors, and clinical correlates of severe QT prolongation after the use of quetiapine or haloperidol. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:321-328. [PMID: 38231170 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case reports suggest that quetiapine or haloperidol use is associated with severe QT prolongation (SQTP) and torsades de pointes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the incidences, risk factors, and outcomes of SQTP in quetiapine and haloperidol users. METHODS This study accessed electronic medical records from a multicenter health-care hospital system in Taiwan and included patients who received quetiapine or haloperidol therapy and had both baseline and follow-up electrocardiograms. SQTP was defined as a posttreatment corrected QT (QTc) interval exceeding 500 ms or an increase in QTc interval of >60 ms compared with the baseline value. We analyzed the risk factors and outcomes of SQTP using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Mean increases in QTc interval were +8.3 ± 51.8 and +8.9 ± 44.0 ms after the administration of quetiapine (n = 8832) and haloperidol (n = 2341). Among these users, 1149 (13.0%) and 333 (14.2%) developed SQTP, respectively. Common risk factors for SQTP included old age, heart failure, hypokalemia, amiodarone use, and baseline QTc interval. SQTP in quetiapine users was significantly associated with ventricular arrhythmias (odds ratio 2.84; 95% confidence interval 1.95-4.13) and sudden cardiac death (odds ratio 2.29; 95% confidence interval 1.44-3.66). CONCLUSION More than 10% of patients receiving quetiapine or haloperidol therapy developed SQTP, and many of them were exposed to risk factors for SQTP. SQTP in quetiapine users was significantly associated with increased risks of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Clinicians should be vigilant for ventricular arrhythmias in quetiapine users who have risk factors for SQTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Wang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Victor Chien-Chia Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Hung Lee
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Wu
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang-Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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20
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Lopes Ideta MM, Kühl FP, Gaio J, Miyazima RM. Bradycardia, Renal Dysfunction, Atrioventricular Nodal Blockade, Shock, and Hyperkalemia (BRASH) Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Early Recognition and Management. Cureus 2024; 16:e55892. [PMID: 38595895 PMCID: PMC11003485 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BRASH syndrome, characterized by bradycardia, renal dysfunction, atrioventricular nodal blockade, shock, and hyperkalemia, is a newly defined condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly recognized and treated. The triggers for this syndrome often include medication interactions, dehydration, and nephrotoxic insults, particularly in older patients with limited renal reserve and cardiovascular disease. In this report, we present the case of an 88-year-old female with multiple comorbidities who exhibited symptoms of prostration, bradycardia, hypotension, and altered mental status, along with laboratory findings (hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction) consistent with BRASH syndrome, triggered by hypovolemia associated with a urinary tract infection. Immediate treatment must focus on correcting hyperkalemia, providing hemodynamic support for bradycardia and hypotension, and administering guided fluid resuscitation. Prompt identification and management of the syndrome can prevent the need for invasive interventions, such as pacemaker insertion and dialysis. Healthcare professionals should be vigilant in considering BRASH syndrome, especially in older patients with cardiac disease, limited renal function, and those on medication regimens that include AV-nodal blocking agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics. This case report emphasizes the importance of clinical suspicion and the initiation of timely treatment to interrupt the cycle of BRASH syndrome and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane P Kühl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, BRA
| | - Julia Gaio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, BRA
| | - Rafael M Miyazima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, BRA
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21
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Furtado RHM, Barros E Silva PGM, Fonseca HAR, Serpa-Neto A, Correa TD, Guimarães HP, Pereira AJ, Olivato GB, Zampieri FG, Lisboa T, Junqueira DLM, Lapa MG, Monfardini F, Damiani LP, Echenique LS, Gebara OE, Hoffman Filho CR, Polanczyk CA, Rohde LE, Amazonas R, Machado FR, Avezum A, Azevedo LCP, Veiga VC, Rosa RG, Lopes RD, Cavalcanti AB, Berwanger O. Cardiovascular Safety of Azithromycin in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Prespecified Pooled Analysis of the COALITION I and COALITION II Randomized Clinical Trials. Am J Cardiol 2024; 214:18-24. [PMID: 38104755 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular safety from azithromycin in the treatment of several infectious diseases has been challenged. In this prespecified pooled analysis of 2 multicenter randomized clinical trials, we aimed to assess whether the use of azithromycin might lead to corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation or clinically relevant ventricular arrhythmias. In the COALITION COVID Brazil I trial, 667 patients admitted with moderate COVID-19 were randomly allocated to hydroxychloroquine, hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin, or standard of care. In the COALITION COVID Brazil II trial, 447 patients with severe COVID-19 were randomly allocated to hydroxychloroquine alone versus hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin. The principal end point for the present analysis was the composite of death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or ventricular arrhythmias. The addition of azithromycin to hydroxychloroquine did not result in any prolongation of the QTc interval (425.8 ± 3.6 ms vs 427.9 ± 3.9 ms, respectively, mean difference -2.1 ms, 95% confidence interval -12.5 to 8.4 ms, p = 0.70). The combination of azithromycin plus hydroxychloroquine compared with hydroxychloroquine alone did not result in increased risk of the primary end point (proportion of patients with events at 15 days 17.2% vs 16.0%, respectively, hazard ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 1.49, p = 0.65). In conclusion, in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 already receiving standard-of-care management (including hydroxychloroquine), the addition of azithromycin did not result in the prolongation of the QTc interval or increase in cardiovascular adverse events. Because azithromycin is among the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial agents, our results may inform clinical practice. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04322123, NCT04321278.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo H M Furtado
- Brazilian Clinical Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ary Serpa-Neto
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Intensive Care Research Network (BRICNET), São Paulo, Brazil; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Center (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Adriano J Pereira
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Intensive Care Research Network (BRICNET), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Lisboa
- HCor Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Intensive Care Research Network (BRICNET), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maura G Lapa
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas P Damiani
- Brazilian Clinical Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Echenique
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Moriah, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carisi A Polanczyk
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis E Rohde
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia R Machado
- Brazilian Intensive Care Research Network (BRICNET), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Medicine; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Avezum
- International Research Center, Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano C P Azevedo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Sírio Libanês Research and Education Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Veiga
- Brazilian Intensive Care Research Network (BRICNET), São Paulo, Brazil; BP A Beneficiência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regis G Rosa
- Brazilian Intensive Care Research Network (BRICNET), São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato D Lopes
- Brazilian Clinical Research Institute, São Paulo, Brazil; Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Otavio Berwanger
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; The George Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Petrák O, Krátká Z, Holaj R, Zítek M, Nguyen Nikrýnová T, Klímová J, Kološová B, Waldauf P, Michalský D, Novák K, Markvartová A, Zlatohlávek L, Grus T, Dušková J, Widimský J, Zelinka T. Cardiovascular Complications in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Does Phenotype Matter? Hypertension 2024; 81:595-603. [PMID: 38152977 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenaline-producing tumors are mostly characterized by a sudden release of catecholamines with episodic symptoms. Noradrenergic ones are usually less symptomatic and characterized by a continuous overproduction of catecholamines that are released into the bloodstream. Their effects on the cardiovascular system can thus be different. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular complications by catecholamine phenotype. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data on the prevalence of cardiovascular events in 341 consecutive patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma treated from 1995 to 2023. Biochemical catecholamine phenotype was determined based on plasma or urinary catecholamines and metanephrines. RESULTS According to the phenotype, 153 patients had noradrenergic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma and 188 had adrenergic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. In the whole sample, the incidence of serious cardiovascular complications was 28% (95 patients), with no difference between the phenotypes or sexes. The noradrenergic phenotype had significantly more atherosclerotic complications (composite end point of type 1 myocardial infarction and symptomatic peripheral artery disease; odds ratio, 3.58 [95% CI, 1.59-8.83]; P=0.003), while the adrenergic phenotype more often had type 2 myocardial infarction and takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy (OR, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.09-0.57]; P=0.002). These changes remained even after adjustment for conventional risk factors of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS We found a 28% incidence of cardiovascular complications in a consecutive group of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Patients presenting with a noradrenergic phenotype have a higher incidence of atherosclerotic complications, while the adrenergic phenotype is associated with a higher incidence of acute myocardial damage due to takotsubo-like cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Petrák
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Krátká
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Holaj
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Zítek
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thi Nguyen Nikrýnová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judita Klímová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Kološová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Waldauf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Charles University, Czech Republic (P.W.)
| | - David Michalský
- Department of Urology, 1st Faculty of Medicine (D.M.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslav Novák
- 1st Surgical Clinic, Thoracic, Abdominal and Injury Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine (K.N.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Markvartová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Zlatohlávek
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Grus
- 2nd Surgical Clinic, Cardiovascular Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine (T.G.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Dušková
- Institute of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine (J.D.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Widimský
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zelinka
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine (O.P., Z.K., R.H., M.Z., T.M.P.N.N., J.K., B.K., A.M., L.Z., J.W., T.Z.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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23
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Bhatt LK, Shah CR, Patel SD, Patel SR, Patel VA, Patel RJ, Joshi NM, Shah NA, Patel JH, Dwivedi P, Sundar R, Jain MR. A Retrospective Comparison of Electrocardiographic Parameters in Ketamine and Tiletamine-Zolazepam Anesthetized Indian Rhesus Monkeys ( Macaca mulatta). Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:184-195. [PMID: 38108647 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231221276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrocardiographic evaluation is performed in rhesus monkeys to establish the cardiovascular safety of candidate molecules before progressing to clinical trials. These animals are usually immobilized chemically by ketamine (KTM) and tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) to obtain a steady-state heart rate and to ensure adequate human safety. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of these anesthetic regimens on different electrocardiographic parameters. Statistically significant lower HR and higher P-wave duration, RR, QRS, and QT intervals were observed in the KTM-anesthetized group in comparison to TZ-anesthetized animals. No significant changes were noticed in the PR interval and p-wave amplitude. Sex-based significance amongst these parameters was observed in male and female animals of TZ- and KTM-anesthetized groups. Regression analysis of four QTc formulas in TZ-anesthetized rhesus monkeys revealed that QTcNAK (Nakayama) better corrected the QT interval than QTcHAS (Hassimoto), QTcBZT (Bazett), and QTcFRD (Fridericia) formulas. QTcNAK exhibited the least correlation with the RR interval (slope closest to zero and r = .01) and displayed no statistical significance between male and female animals. These data will prove useful in the selection of anesthetic regimens for chemical restraint of rhesus monkeys in nonclinical safety evaluation studies.
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Kussauer S, Dilk P, Elleisy M, Michaelis C, Lichtwark S, Rimmbach C, David R, Jung J. Heart rhythm in vitro: measuring stem cell-derived pacemaker cells on microelectrode arrays. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1200786. [PMID: 38450366 PMCID: PMC10915086 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1200786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac arrhythmias have markedly increased in recent decades, highlighting the urgent need for appropriate test systems to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new pharmaceuticals and the potential side effects of established drugs. Methods The Microelectrode Array (MEA) system may be a suitable option, as it provides both real-time and non-invasive monitoring of cellular networks of spontaneously active cells. However, there is currently no commercially available cell source to apply this technology in the context of the cardiac conduction system (CCS). In response to this problem, our group has previously developed a protocol for the generation of pure functional cardiac pacemaker cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In addition, we compared the hanging drop method, which was previously utilized, with spherical plate-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) and the pacemaker cells that are differentiated from these. Results We described the application of these pacemaker cells on the MEA platform, which required a number of crucial optimization steps in terms of coating, dissociation, and cell density. As a result, we were able to generate a monolayer of pure pacemaker cells on an MEA surface that is viable and electromechanically active for weeks. Furthermore, we introduced spherical plates as a convenient and scalable method to be applied for the production of induced sinoatrial bodies. Conclusion We provide a tool to transfer modeling and analysis of cardiac rhythm diseases to the cell culture dish. Our system allows answering CCS-related queries within a cellular network, both under baseline conditions and post-drug exposure in a reliable and affordable manner. Ultimately, our approach may provide valuable guidance not only for cardiac pacemaker cells but also for the generation of an MEA test platform using other sensitive non-proliferating cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kussauer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Dilk
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Moustafa Elleisy
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Michaelis
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sarina Lichtwark
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Rimmbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert David
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia Jung
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Centre, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, & Matter, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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25
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Zheng Y, Fukasawa T, Yamaguchi F, Takeuchi M, Kawakami K. Cardiovascular Safety of Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate in Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Japan: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:439-450. [PMID: 38084080 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231214993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between atomoxetine or methylphenidate use and arrhythmia, heart failure (HF), stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients mainly focused on the people of working age. METHODS In a self-controlled case series study using a Japanese claims database, we identified events of arrhythmia, HF, stroke, and MI among 15,472 atomoxetine new users and 12,059 methylphenidate new users. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) of outcome events were estimated using multivariable conditional Poisson regression. RESULTS An increased risk of arrhythmia was observed during the first 7 days after the initial atomoxetine exposure (aIRR 6.22, 95% CI [1.90, 20.35]) and in the subsequent exposure (3.23, [1.58, 6.64]). No association was found between methylphenidate exposure and arrhythmia, nor between atomoxetine or methylphenidate exposure and HF. The limited number of stroke and MI cases prevented thorough analysis. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians should consider monitoring for arrhythmia after patients initiating or re-initiating atomoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Fukasawa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
- Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masato Takeuchi
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Koji Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Japan
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26
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Kwon J, Lucas BP, Evans AT. How much magnesium sulfate is needed to "keep total serum magnesium above 2.0 mg/dL"? J Hosp Med 2024; 19:112-115. [PMID: 38112279 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
For patients at increased risk of life-threating ventricular arrythmias, hospitalists often administer intravenous magnesium sulfate to maintain total serum magnesium concentration (TsMg) above 2 mg/dL. How long each dose keeps TsMg above this threshold is not well known, however. We collected TsMg values from 12,618 veterans who were given 24,363 doses of intravenous magnesium sulfate during 14,901 hospitalizations for acute heart failure. Across dose amounts, the average TsMg dropped below 2.0 mg/dL within 24 h of administration. When we limited our analysis to 2 g doses (the most common dose) and adjusted for baseline TsMg, estimated glomerular filtration rate, oral magnesium supplementation, and loop diuretic dosing, we found that less than half of the adjusted TsMg values remained above 2.0 mg/dL just 12 h after dose administration. Hospitalists should expect, on average, to administer 2 g intravenous magnesium sulfate at least twice daily to maintain total serum magnesium above 2 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- JooEun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P Lucas
- Medicine Service, White River Junction VA Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
- The Dartmouth Institute of Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Arthur T Evans
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Tamargo J, Villacastín J, Caballero R, Delpón E. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation. A narrative review of a forgotten adverse effect. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107077. [PMID: 38244650 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. There is clinical evidence that an increasing number of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular drugs, mainly anticancer drugs, can induce AF either in patients with or without pre-existing cardiac disorders, but drug-induced AF (DIAF) has not received the attention that it might deserve. In many cases DIAF is asymptomatic and paroxysmal and patients recover sinus rhythm spontaneously, but sometimes, DIAF persists, and it is necessary to perform a cardioversion. Furthermore, DIAF is not mentioned in clinical guidelines on the treatment of AF. The risk of DIAF increases in elderly and in patients treated with polypharmacy and with risk factors and comorbidities that commonly coexist with AF. This is the case of cancer patients. Under these circumstances ascribing causality of DIAF to a given drug often represents a clinical challenge. We review the incidence, the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, clinical relevance, and treatment of DIAF. Because of the limited information presently available, further research is needed to obtain a deeper insight into DIAF. Meanwhile, it is important that clinicians are aware of the problem that DIAF represents, recognize which drugs may cause DIAF, and consider the possibility that a drug may be responsible for a new-onset AF episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Villacastín
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, CardioRed1, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Tang X, Liu H, Rao R, Huang Y, Dong M, Xu M, Feng S, Shi X, Wang L, Wang Z, Zhou B. Modeling drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity with human primary cardiomyocytes. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:301-319. [PMID: 37864082 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity induced by therapeutic drugs is a major contributor for cardiotoxicity, posing a serious threat to pharmaceutical industries and patients' lives. However, mitochondrial toxicity testing is not incorporated into routine cardiac safety screening procedures. To accurately model native human cardiomyocytes, we comprehensively evaluated mitochondrial responses of adult human primary cardiomyocytes (hPCMs) to a nucleoside analog, remdesivir (RDV). Comparison of their response to human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes revealed that the latter utilized a mitophagy-based mitochondrial recovery response that was absent in hPCMs. Accordingly, action potential duration was elongated in hPCMs, reflecting clinical incidences of RDV-induced QT prolongation. In a screen for mitochondrial protectants, we identified mitochondrial ROS as a primary mediator of RDV-induced cardiotoxicity. Our study demonstrates the utility of hPCMs in the detection of clinically relevant cardiac toxicities, and offers a framework for hPCM-based high-throughput screening of cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Rongjia Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yafei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Mengqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Zengwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bingying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, Deswal A, Eckhardt LL, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorenek B, Hess PL, Hlatky M, Hogan G, Ibeh C, Indik JH, Kido K, Kusumoto F, Link MS, Linta KT, Marcus GM, McCarthy PM, Patel N, Patton KK, Perez MV, Piccini JP, Russo AM, Sanders P, Streur MM, Thomas KL, Times S, Tisdale JE, Valente AM, Van Wagoner DR. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2024; 149:e1-e156. [PMID: 38033089 PMCID: PMC11095842 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 12, 2022, to November 3, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2022, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate. STRUCTURE Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained common arrhythmia, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in the United States and globally. Recommendations from the "2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" and the "2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk assessment, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion, atrial fibrillation catheter or surgical ablation, and risk factor modification and atrial fibrillation prevention have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anita Deswal
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines liaison
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul L Hess
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Performance Measures liaison
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazuhiko Kido
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy representative
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30
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Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, Deswal A, Eckhardt LL, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorenek B, Hess PL, Hlatky M, Hogan G, Ibeh C, Indik JH, Kido K, Kusumoto F, Link MS, Linta KT, Marcus GM, McCarthy PM, Patel N, Patton KK, Perez MV, Piccini JP, Russo AM, Sanders P, Streur MM, Thomas KL, Times S, Tisdale JE, Valente AM, Van Wagoner DR. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:109-279. [PMID: 38043043 PMCID: PMC11104284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 12, 2022, to November 3, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2022, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate. STRUCTURE Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained common arrhythmia, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in the United States and globally. Recommendations from the "2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" and the "2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk assessment, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion, atrial fibrillation catheter or surgical ablation, and risk factor modification and atrial fibrillation prevention have been developed.
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31
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Yagnala N, Moreland-Head L, Zieminski JJ, Mara K, Macielak S. Assessment of Dofetilide or Sotalol Tolerability in the Elderly. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2024; 29:10742484231224536. [PMID: 38258374 DOI: 10.1177/10742484231224536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background: Dofetilide and sotalol are potassium channel antagonists that require inpatient QTc monitoring during initiation, due to increased risk of fatal arrhythmias. Elderly patients are especially subject to an increased risk of fatal arrhythmias due to polypharmacy, comorbidities, and physiologic cardiac changes with aging. This study will describe the tolerability and risk factors associated with the initiation of sotalol or dofetilide in patients ≥80 years of age. Methodology: This is a multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study of patients ≥80 years old who were initiated on either dofetilide or sotalol between May 8, 2018 and July 31, 2021 at institutions within the Mayo Clinic Health System. The percentage of patients who received nonpackage insert recommended doses was identified. Incidence of and reasons for dose reductions or discontinuations due to safety-related events or clinical concerns during the initial loading period were collected. Results: The final analysis included 104 patients. The majority of patients (75%) received nonstandard initial doses of dofetilide or sotalol based on baseline estimated creatinine clearance or QTc. Overall, 39% (N = 41) of patients experienced a dose reduction or discontinuation due to a safety-related event or concern. Patients who received nonstandard initial doses of dofetilide or sotalol had 4.7 times greater odds of experiencing a safety-related event requiring dose reduction or discontinuation. Conclusion: Following package insert dosing in elderly patients increases safety and tolerability relative to more aggressive dosing of dofetilide or sotalol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Yagnala
- Pharmacy Resident, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Kristin Mara
- Senior Biostatistician, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shea Macielak
- Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Genge CE, Muralidharan P, Kemp J, Hull CM, Yip M, Simpson K, Hunter DV, Claydon TW. Zebrafish cardiac repolarization does not functionally depend on the expression of the hERG1b-like transcript. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:87-99. [PMID: 37934265 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish provide a translational model of human cardiac function. Their similar cardiac electrophysiology enables screening of human cardiac repolarization disorders, drug arrhythmogenicity, and novel antiarrhythmic therapeutics. However, while zebrafish cardiac repolarization is driven by delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr), the relative role of alternate channel transcripts is uncertain. While human ether-a-go-go-related-gene-1a (hERG1a) is the dominant transcript in humans, expression of the functionally distinct alternate transcript, hERG1b, modifies the electrophysiological and pharmacologic IKr phenotype. Studies of zebrafish IKr are frequently translated without consideration for the presence and impact of hERG1b in humans. Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses of all available KCNH genes from Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes). Our findings confirmed zebrafish cardiac zkcnh6a as the paralog of human hERG1a (hKCNH2a), but also revealed evidence of a hERG1b (hKCNH2b)-like N-terminally truncated gene, zkcnh6b, in zebrafish. zkcnh6b is a teleost-specific variant that resulted from the 3R genome duplication. qRT-PCR showed dominant expression of zkcnh6a in zebrafish atrial and ventricular tissue, with low levels of zkcnh6b. Functional evaluation of zkcnh6b in a heterologous system showed no discernable function under the conditions tested, and no influence on zkcnh6a function during the zebrafish ventricular action potential. Our findings provide the first descriptions of the zkcnh6b gene, and show that, unlike in humans, zebrafish cardiac repolarization does not rely upon co-assembly of zERG1a/zERG1b. Given that hERG1b modifies IKr function and drug binding in humans, our findings highlight the need for consideration when translating hERG variant effects and toxicological screens in zebrafish, which lack a functional hERG1b-equivalent gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Genge
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Padmapriya Muralidharan
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Jake Kemp
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Christina M Hull
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Mandy Yip
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Kyle Simpson
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Diana V Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada
| | - Thomas W Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, B.C, Canada.
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Holst AG, Tomcsányi J, Vestbjerg B, Grunnet M, Sørensen US, Diness JG, Bentzen BH, Edvardsson N, Hohnloser SH, Bhatt DL, Dorian P. Inhibition of the K Ca2 potassium channel in atrial fibrillation: a randomized phase 2 trial. Nat Med 2024; 30:106-111. [PMID: 38092897 PMCID: PMC10803288 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Existing antiarrhythmic drugs to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) have incomplete efficacy, contraindications and adverse effects, including proarrhythmia. AP30663, an inhibitor of the KCa2 channel, has demonstrated AF efficacy in animals; however, its efficacy in humans with AF is unknown. Here we conducted a phase 2 trial in which patients with a current episode of AF lasting for 7 days or less were randomized to receive an intravenous infusion of 3 or 5 mg kg-1 AP30663 or placebo. The trial was prematurely discontinued because of slow enrollment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The primary endpoint of the trial was cardioversion from AF to sinus rhythm within 90 min from the start of the infusion, analyzed with Bayesian statistics. Among 59 patients randomized and included in the efficacy analyses, the primary endpoint occurred in 42% (5 of 12), 55% (12 of 22) and 0% (0 of 25) of patients treated with 3 mg kg-1 AP30663, 5 mg kg-1 AP30663 or placebo, respectively. Both doses demonstrated more than 99.9% probability of superiority over placebo, surpassing the prespecified 95% threshold. The mean time to cardioversion, a secondary endpoint, was 47 (s.d. = 23) and 41 (s.d. = 24) minutes for 3 mg kg-1 and 5 mg kg-1 AP30663, respectively. AP30663 caused a transient increase in the QTcF interval, with a maximum mean effect of 37.7 ms for the 5 mg kg-1 dose. For both dose groups, no ventricular arrhythmias occurred and adverse event rates were comparable to the placebo group. AP30663 demonstrated AF cardioversion efficacy in patients with recent-onset AF episodes. KCa2 channel inhibition may be an attractive mechanism for rhythm control of AF that should be studied further in randomized trials. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04571385 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - János Tomcsányi
- Cardiology Department, St. John of God Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nils Edvardsson
- Acesion Pharma, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Dorian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Go C, Kim S, Kim Y, Sunwoo Y, Eom SH, Yun J, Shin S, Choi YJ. A Real-World Data Driven Pharmacovigilance Investigation on Drug-Induced Arrhythmia Using KAERS DB, a Korean Nationwide Adverse Drug Reporting System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1612. [PMID: 38004477 PMCID: PMC10674837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the prevalence and seriousness of drug-induced arrhythmia and to identify predictors associated with the seriousness of arrhythmia. Drug-induced arrhythmia cases reported to the Korean Adverse Event Reporting System Database (KAERS DB) from January 2012 to December 2021 were investigated. A disproportionality test was performed to detect the association of the etiologic medication classes and types, along with patient demographic information, with the seriousness of drug-induced arrhythmia. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the predictors that increase the risk of serious arrhythmia. The most common etiologic agent for drug-induced arrhythmia was sevoflurane, whereas serious arrhythmia was most prevalent with narcotics. Antibiotics (reporting odds ratio (ROR) 4.125; 95% CI 1.438-11.835), chemotherapy (ROR 6.994; 95% CI 2.239-21.542), and iodinated contrast media (ROR 8.273; 95% CI 3.062-22.352) had a strong association with the seriousness of drug-induced arrhythmia. Among numerous etiologic agents, ioversol (ROR 16.490; 95% CI 3.589-75.772) and lidocaine (ROR 12.347; 95% CI 2.996-50.884) were more likely to be reported with serious arrhythmia. Aging and comorbidity, primarily cancer, are the most contributing predictors associated with serious arrhythmia. Further studies on the clinical significance of patient-specific predictors for the increased risk of serious drug-induced arrhythmia are warranted to promote drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaerin Go
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Semi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Sunwoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hyun Eom
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiseong Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Regulatory Innovation through Science (IRIS), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Xue W, Wei Y, Hu Y. Association between serum cholinesterase and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in Chinese hypertensive population: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:500. [PMID: 37941017 PMCID: PMC10631021 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a very common arrhythmia with significant incidence rate and mortality. Several studies have shown a notable correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and AF. It has been observed that serum cholinesterase (SChE) levels are elevated in individuals with fatty liver. However, the relationship between the SChE index and AF is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the association between the SChE index and the prevalence of AF in patients with hypertension. METHOD We collected cross-sectional data from January 2018 to April 2021 based on a retrospective study of cardiovascular disease. A total of 748 patients with hypertension were included, of whom 165 had AF. We used logistic regression models to test the relationship between SChE and the prevalence of AF in hypertensive patients. RESULT In hypertensive patients, the SChE index was significantly associated with AF (OR = 0.723, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, this correlation was still significant (OR = 0.778, P < 0.001). The stability of the model was verified by adjusting the variable type of SChE. The data were further stratified according to whether the patient had fatty liver. In the stratified data, the correlation between SChE and atrial fibrillation was still significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study showed that SChE was significantly negatively correlated with the occurrence of AF in patients with hypertension. And this correlation was not affected by whether the patient had fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 North Line Pavilion, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 North Line Pavilion, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 North Line Pavilion, Xicheng District, Beijing, China.
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36
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Eroglu TE, Halili A, Arulmurugananthavadivel A, Coronel R, Kessing LV, Fosbøl EL, Folke F, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH. Use of methylphenidate is associated with increased risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population: a nationwide nested case-control study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2023; 9:658-665. [PMID: 37070942 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM Methylphenidate, a sympathomimetic drug prescribed to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is associated with cardiovascular events, but few studies have explored the risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We investigated whether methylphenidate use is associated with OHCA in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Danish nationwide registries, we conducted a nested case-control study with OHCA cases of presumed cardiac causes and age/sex/OHCA-date-matched non-OHCA controls from the general population. Conditional logistic regression models with adjustments for well-known risk factors of OHCA were employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of OHCA by comparing methylphenidate use with no use of methylphenidate.The study population consisted of 46 578 OHCA cases [median: 72 years (interquartile range: 62-81), 68.8% men] and 232 890 matched controls. Methylphenidate was used by 80 cases and 166 controls, and was associated with an increased OR of OHCA compared with non-users {OR: 1.78 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-2.40]}. The OR was highest in recent starters (OR≤180 days: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.28-5.23). The OR of OHCA associated with methylphenidate use did not vary significantly by age (P-value interaction: 0.37), sex (P-value interaction: 0.94), and pre-existing cardiovascular disease (P-value interaction: 0.27). Furthermore, the ORs remained elevated when we repeated the analyses in individuals without registered hospital-based ADHD (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.34-2.55), without severe psychiatric disorders (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.46-2.67), without depression (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.40-2.65), or in non-users of QT-prolonging drugs (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.27-2.54). CONCLUSION Methylphenidate use is associated with an increased risk of OHCA in the general population. This increased risk applies to both sexes and is independent of age and the presence of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talip E Eroglu
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrim Halili
- Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anojhaan Arulmurugananthavadivel
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Loldrup Fosbøl
- The Heart Center, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Hilmar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Herlev and Gentofte, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 1, 2900 Hellerup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Selli AL, Ghasemi M, Watters T, Burton F, Smith G, Dietrichs ES. Proarrhythmic changes in human cardiomyocytes during hypothermia by milrinone and isoprenaline, but not levosimendan: an experimental in vitro study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2023; 31:61. [PMID: 37880801 PMCID: PMC10601188 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-023-01134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accidental hypothermia, recognized by core temperature below 35 °C, is a lethal condition with a mortality rate up to 25%. Hypothermia-induced cardiac dysfunction causing increased total peripheral resistance and reduced cardiac output contributes to the high mortality rate in this patient group. Recent studies, in vivo and in vitro, have suggested levosimendan, milrinone and isoprenaline as inotropic treatment strategies in this patient group. However, these drugs may pose increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias during hypothermia. Our aim was therefore to describe the effects of levosimendan, milrinone and isoprenaline on the action potential in human cardiomyocytes during hypothermia. METHODS Using an experimental in vitro-design, levosimendan, milrinone and isoprenaline were incubated with iCell2 hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and cellular action potential waveforms and contraction were recorded from monolayers of cultured cells. Experiments were conducted at temperatures from 37 °C down to 26 °C. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate differences from baseline recordings and one-way ANOVA was performed to evaluate differences between drugs, untreated control and between drug concentrations at the specific temperatures. RESULTS Milrinone and isoprenaline both significantly increases action potential triangulation during hypothermia, and thereby the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Levosimendan, however, does not increase triangulation and the contractile properties also remain preserved during hypothermia down to 26 °C. CONCLUSIONS Levosimendan remains a promising candidate drug for inotropic treatment of hypothermic patients as it possesses ability to treat hypothermia-induced cardiac dysfunction and no increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias is detected. Milrinone and isoprenaline, on the other hand, appears more dangerous in the hypothermic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lund Selli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050, 9037, Langnes, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Francis Burton
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
- Clyde Biosciences, Newhouse, Scotland
| | - Godfrey Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
- Clyde Biosciences, Newhouse, Scotland
| | - Erik Sveberg Dietrichs
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Postboks 6050, 9037, Langnes, Tromsø, Norway.
- Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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38
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Font CM, Tran CT. Class III Antiarrhythmics and Periprocedural Torsades de Pointes. JACC Case Rep 2023; 23:101998. [PMID: 37954945 PMCID: PMC10635876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2023.101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
This case series describes 2 women on prolonged therapy with class III antiarrhythmics who developed torsades de pointes polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in the setting of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation as a result of QTc prolonging factors. Clinicians must exercise increased vigilance in the perioperative period in patients on QTc-prolonging medications. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Font
- Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Cao T. Tran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Bai AD, Wilkinson A, Almufleh A, Rai M, Razak F, Verma AA, Srivastava S. Ceftriaxone and the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia, Cardiac Arrest, and Death Among Patients Receiving Lansoprazole. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2339893. [PMID: 37883084 PMCID: PMC10603497 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The combination of ceftriaxone and lansoprazole has been shown to prolong the corrected QT interval on electrocardiogram. However, it is unknown whether this translates to clinically important patient outcomes. Objective To compare lansoprazole with another proton pump inhibitor (PPI) during ceftriaxone treatment in terms of risk for ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and in-hospital mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study including adult medical inpatients receiving ceftriaxone with lansoprazole or another PPI in 13 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, was conducted from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021. Exposure Lansoprazole during ceftriaxone treatment vs other PPIs during ceftriaxone treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite of ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest that occurred after hospital admission. The secondary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Propensity-score weighting was used to adjust for covariates including hospital site, demographic characteristics, comorbidities, risk factors for ventricular arrhythmia, illness severity, admitting diagnoses, and concomitant medications. Results Of the 31 152 patients hospitalized on internal medicine wards who were treated with ceftriaxone while receiving a PPI, 16 135 patients (51.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 71.7 (16.0) years. The study included 3747 patients in the lansoprazole group and 27 405 patients in the other PPI group. Ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest occurred in 126 patients (3.4%) within the lansoprazole group and 319 patients (1.2%) within the other PPI group. In-hospital mortality occurred in 746 patients (19.9%) within the lansoprazole group and 2762 patients (10.1%) in the other PPI group. After weighting using propensity scores, the adjusted risk difference for the lansoprazole group minus other PPI group was 1.7% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.3%) for ventricular arrhythmia or cardiac arrest and 7.4% (95% CI, 6.1%-8.8%) for in-hospital mortality. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that combination therapy with lansoprazole and ceftriaxone should be avoided. More studies are needed to determine whether these findings could be replicated in other populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Bai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amelia Wilkinson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aws Almufleh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandip Rai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahad Razak
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amol A. Verma
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Srivastava
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Futamura K, Hase T, Tanaka A, Sakai Y, Okachi S, Shibata H, Ushijima F, Hashimoto T, Nakashima K, Ito K, Yamamoto T, Numaguchi A, Inden Y, Ishii M. Lethal ventricular arrhythmia due to entrectinib-induced Brugada syndrome: a case report and literature review. Int Cancer Conf J 2023; 12:299-304. [PMID: 37577345 PMCID: PMC10421830 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-023-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Entrectinib, a multikinase inhibitor of ROS1 and tropomyosin receptor kinases, is recommended to treat ROS1-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In a previous study, entrectinib-related cardiotoxicity occurred in 2% of patients; however, lethal arrhythmias remain understudied. We encountered a case of fatal arrhythmia due to drug-induced Brugada syndrome caused by entrectinib. An 81-year-old Japanese male with lung adenocarcinoma harboring ROS1-fusion gene was treated with entrectinib. The patient developed lethal arrhythmias three days after drug initiation, including ventricular tachycardia with Brugada-like electrocardiogram changes. Echocardiography and coronary angiography revealed no evidence of acute coronary syndrome or myocarditis. Following the termination of entrectinib, the electrocardiogram abnormality improved within 12 days. Hence, paying special attention to and monitoring electrocardiogram changes is necessary. In addition, it is also necessary to consider early therapeutic interventions and discontinuation of the drug in cases of drug-induced Brugada syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Futamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Tetsunari Hase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sakai
- Department of Emergency and Medical Intensive Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shotaro Okachi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Futoshi Ushijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Takahiko Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kuniya Nakashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Katsuki Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Takanori Yamamoto
- Department of Emergency and Medical Intensive Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Numaguchi
- Department of Emergency and Medical Intensive Care, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuya Inden
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
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Lima B, Razmjouei S, Bajwa MT, Shahzad Z, Shoewu OA, Ijaz O, Mange P, Khanal S, Gebregiorgis T. Polypharmacy, Gender Disparities, and Ethnic and Racial Predispositions in Long QT Syndrome: An In-Depth Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46009. [PMID: 37900391 PMCID: PMC10600617 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a complex disorder of cardiac electrophysiology. It is characterized by delayed myocardial polarization leading to QT prolongation and alterations on the ST segment and T wave visible on electrocardiogram (ECG). Syncope is a common manifestation, and torsade de pointes (TdP) can lead to sudden cardiac death. Three major LQTS genes (KCI31, KCNH2, and SCN5) lead to most of the cases of LQTS. Lifestyle modifications, beta blockers, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement are the main treatments for LQTS. Polypharmacy, including QT-prolonging drugs, has been shown to worsen LQTS. The impact on potassium channels and the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) is the mechanism behind the QT interval prolongation caused by these medications. There is an increased incidence of LQTS among African-American men and women as compared to Caucasians. Women with LQTS tend to have a higher mortality rate from the condition, especially during menstruation and shortly after giving birth. Genetic testing is reserved to those patientswho exhibit either a strong clinical index of suspicion or experience persistent QT prolongation despite their lack of symptoms. Knowing the genetics, racial, and gender discrepancies can help improve patient management and a better comprehension on each case. Proper understanding of how ion channels function and their interaction with medications will lead to a better comprehension and to develop effective forms to treat those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lima
- Medicine, University of Grande Rio, Rio Grande, USA
| | - Soha Razmjouei
- Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | | | - Zoha Shahzad
- Internal Medicine, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | | | - Osama Ijaz
- Internal Medicine, Services Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK
| | - Pooja Mange
- Internal Medicine, K.J. Somaiya Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, IND
| | | | - Tsion Gebregiorgis
- General Practice, Addis Ababa University Medical Faculty, Addis Ababa, ETH
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Ray L, Geier C, DeWitt KM. Pathophysiology and treatment of adults with arrhythmias in the emergency department, part 2: Ventricular and bradyarrhythmias. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2023; 80:1123-1136. [PMID: 37235971 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxad115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This is the second article in a 2-part series reviewing the pathophysiology and treatment considerations for arrhythmias. Part 1 of the series discussed aspects related to treating atrial arrhythmias. Here in part 2, the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias and current evidence on treatment approaches are reviewed. SUMMARY Ventricular arrhythmias can arise suddenly and are a common cause of sudden cardiac death. Several antiarrhythmics may be effective in management of ventricular arrhythmias, but there is robust evidence to support the use of only a few of these agents, and such evidence was largely derived from trials involving patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Bradyarrhythmias range from asymptomatic mild prolongation of nodal conduction to severe conduction delays and impending cardiac arrest. Vasopressors, chronotropes, and pacing strategies require careful attention and titration to minimize adverse effects and patient harm. CONCLUSION Ventricular arrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias can be consequential and require acute intervention. As experts in pharmacotherapy, acute care pharmacists can participate in providing high-level intervention by aiding in diagnostic workup and medication selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Ray
- Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Curtis Geier
- San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyle M DeWitt
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
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43
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Pueyo-Val J, Avedillo-Salas A, Berdún-Viñegra P, Pueyo-Val OM, Fanlo-Villacampa A, Navarro-Pemán C, Lanuza-Giménez FJ, Ioakeim-Skoufa I, Vicente-Romero J. Reports of Symptoms Associated with Supraventricular Arrhythmias as a Serious Adverse Drug Reaction in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance Database. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1161. [PMID: 37631076 PMCID: PMC10457936 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the type of drugs reported as suspected of causing severe supraventricular arrhythmias from the Spanish Human Pharmacovigilance System database. A total of 1053 reports were analysed, of which 526 (50%) were on men and 516 (49%) were on women. The most affected age group was the over-65s, with 593 reports (56%). Of the 1613 drugs, those belonging to the cardiovascular system (ATC Group C) were the most numerous (414 reports, 26%), with digoxin being the most frequent drug (49 reports, 12%). Other common groups were antiinfectives for systemic use (ATC Group J; 306 reports, 19%), antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (ATC Group L; 198 reports, 12%), and nervous system drugs (ATC Group N; 185 reports, 11%). The most common supraventricular arrhythmia was atrial fibrillation (561 reports, 51%). Regarding outcomes, 730 (66%) patients recovered, 76 (7%) did not recover, 25 (3%) recovered but with sequelae, and 23 (2%) resulted in death. This study revealed that certain drugs have reported to be associated more frequently to supraventricular arrhythmias as serious adverse reactions, especially in the older population. Proper clinical management and effective strategies to ensure medication appropriateness should always be considered to improve patient safety when prescribing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pueyo-Val
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Avedillo-Salas
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Berdún-Viñegra
- Anesthesia and Resuscitation Department, Cruces University Hospital, ES-48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Ana Fanlo-Villacampa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Navarro-Pemán
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Pharmacovigilance Center, ES-50017 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Lanuza-Giménez
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ignatios Ioakeim-Skoufa
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Department of Drug Statistics, Division of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, NO-0213 Oslo, Norway
- EpiChron Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), ES-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Drug Utilisation Work Group, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC), ES-08009 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Vicente-Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Pavone C, Pelargonio G. Reversible Causes of Atrioventricular Block. Cardiol Clin 2023; 41:411-418. [PMID: 37321691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atrioventricular blocks may be caused by a variety of potentially reversible conditions, such as ischemic heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, medications, and infectious diseases. Such causes must be always ruled out to avoid unnecessary pacemaker implantation. Patient management and reversibility rates depend on the underlying cause. Careful patient history taking, monitoring of vital signs, electrocardiogram, and arterial blood gas analysis are crucial elements of the diagnostic workflow during the acute phase. Atrioventricular block recurrence after the reversal of the underlying cause may pose an indication for pacemaker implantation, because reversible conditions may actually unmask a preexistent conduction disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pavone
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Pelargonio
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy; Cardiology Institute, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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Altrocchi C, Van Ammel K, Steemans M, Kreir M, Tekle F, Teisman A, Gallacher DJ, Lu HR. Evaluation of chronic drug-induced electrophysiological and cytotoxic effects using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1229960. [PMID: 37492082 PMCID: PMC10364322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1229960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiotoxicity is one of the leading causes of compound attrition during drug development. Most in vitro screening platforms aim at detecting acute cardio-electrophysiological changes and drug-induced chronic functional alterations are often not studied in the early stage of drug development. Therefore, we developed an assay using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) that evaluates both drug-induced acute and delayed electrophysiological and cytotoxic effects of reference compounds with clinically known cardiac outcomes. Methods: hiPSC-CMs were seeded in 48-well multielectrode array (MEA) plates and were treated with four doses of reference compounds (covering and exceeding clinical free plasma peak concentrations -fCmax values) and MEA recordings were conducted for 4 days. Functional-electrophysiological (field-potentials) and viability (impedance) parameters were recorded with a MEA machine. Results: To assess this platform, we tested tyrosine-kinase inhibitors with high-cardiac risk profile (sunitinib, vandetanib and nilotinib) and low-cardiac risk (erlotinib), as well as known classic cardiac toxic drugs (doxorubicin and BMS-986094), ion-channel trafficking inhibitors (pentamidine, probucol and arsenic trioxide) and compounds without known clinical cardiotoxicity (amoxicillin, cetirizine, captopril and aspirin). By evaluating the effects of these compounds on MEA parameters, the assay was mostly able to recapitulate different drug-induced cardiotoxicities, represented by a prolongation of the field potential, changes in beating rate and presence of arrhythmic events in acute (<2 h) or delayed phase ≥24 h, and/or reduction of impedance during the delayed phase (≥24 h). Furthermore, a few reference compounds were tested in hiPSC-CMs using fluorescence- and luminescence-based plate reader assays, confirming the presence or absence of cytotoxic effects, linked to changes of the impedance parameters measured in the MEA assay. Of note, some cardiotoxic effects could not be identified at acute time points (<2 h) but were clearly detected after 24 h, reinforcing the importance of chronic drug evaluation. Discussion: In conclusion, the evaluation of chronic drug-induced cardiotoxicity using a hiPSC-CMs in vitro assay can contribute to the early de-risking of compounds and help optimize the drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Altrocchi
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Global Safety Pharmacology, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - K. Van Ammel
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Global Safety Pharmacology, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - M. Steemans
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Cell Health Assessment Group, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - M. Kreir
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Global Safety Pharmacology, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - F. Tekle
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Statistics and Decision Sciences, Global Development, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - A. Teisman
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Global Safety Pharmacology, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - D. J. Gallacher
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Global Safety Pharmacology, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
| | - H. R. Lu
- A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Global Safety Pharmacology, Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Beerse, Belgium
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Trohman RG, Huang HD, Sharma PS. Atrial fibrillation: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and prevention of thromboembolic complications: part 1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1060030. [PMID: 37396596 PMCID: PMC10311453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1060030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia. It was once thought to be benign as long as the ventricular rate was controlled, however, AF is associated with significant cardiac morbidity and mortality. Increasing life expectancy driven by improved health care and decreased fertility rates has, in most of the world, resulted in the population aged ≥65 years growing more rapidly than the overall population. As the population ages, projections suggest that the burden of AF may increase more than 60% by 2050. Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment and management of AF, primary prevention, secondary prevention, and prevention of thromboembolic complications remain a work in progress. This narrative review was facilitated by a MEDLINE search to identify peer-reviewed clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other clinically relevant studies. The search was limited to English-language reports published between 1950 and 2021. Atrial fibrillation was searched via the terms primary prevention, hyperthyroidism, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, catheter ablation, surgical ablation, hybrid ablation, stroke prevention, anticoagulation, left atrial occlusion and atrial excision. Google and Google scholar as well as bibliographies of identified articles were reviewed for additional references. In these two manuscripts, we discuss the current strategies available to prevent AF, then compare noninvasive and invasive treatment strategies to diminish AF recurrence. In addition, we examine the pharmacological, percutaneous device and surgical approaches to prevent stroke as well as other types of thromboembolic events.
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Beccacece L, Abondio P, Giorgetti A, Bini C, Pelletti G, Luiselli D, Pelotti S. A Genome-Wide Analysis of a Sudden Cardiac Death Cohort: Identifying Novel Target Variants in the Era of Molecular Autopsy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1265. [PMID: 37372445 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected natural death due to cardiac causes, usually happening within one hour of symptom manifestation or in individuals in good health up to 24 h before the event. Genomic screening has been increasingly applied as a useful approach to detecting the genetic variants that potentially contribute to SCD and helping the evaluation of SCD cases in the post-mortem setting. Our aim was to identify the genetic markers associated with SCD, which might enable its target screening and prevention. In this scope, a case-control analysis through the post-mortem genome-wide screening of 30 autopsy cases was performed. We identified a high number of novel genetic variants associated with SCD, of which 25 polymorphisms were consistent with a previous link to cardiovascular diseases. We ascertained that many genes have been already linked to cardiovascular system functioning and diseases and that the metabolisms most implicated in SCD are the lipid, cholesterol, arachidonic acid, and drug metabolisms, suggesting their roles as potential risk factors. Overall, the genetic variants pinpointed herein might be useful markers of SCD, but the novelty of these results requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Pelletti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Ruggiero R, Donniacuo M, Mascolo A, Gaio M, Cappetta D, Rafaniello C, Docimo G, Riccardi C, Izzo I, Ruggiero D, Paolisso G, Rossi F, De Angelis A, Capuano A. COVID-19 Vaccines and Atrial Fibrillation: Analysis of the Post-Marketing Pharmacovigilance European Database. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1584. [PMID: 37371680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) has been described in COVID-19 patients. Recently, some case reports and US pharmacovigilance analyses described AF onset as a rare adverse event following COVID-19 vaccination. The possible correlation is unclear. We systematically analyzed the reports of AF related to COVID-19 vaccines collected in the European pharmacovigilance database, EudraVigilance (EV), from 2020 to November 2022. We carried out descriptive and disproportionality analyses. Moreover, we performed a sensitivity analysis, excluding the reports describing other possible alternative AF causes (pericarditis, myocarditis, COVID-19, or other drugs that may cause/exacerbate AF). Overall, we retrieved 6226 reports, which represented only 0.3% of all those related to COVID-19 vaccines collected in EV during our study period. AF reports mainly referred to adults (in particular, >65 years old), with an equal distribution in sex. Reports were mainly related to tozinameran (54.04%), elasomeran (28.3%), and ChAdOx1-S (14.32%). The reported AF required patient hospitalization in 35% of cases and resulted in a life-threatening condition in 10% of cases. The AF duration (when reported) was highly variable, but the majority of the events had a short duration (moda = 24 h). Although an increased frequency of AF reporting with mRNA vaccines emerges from our study, other investigations are required to investigate the possible correlation between COVID-19 vaccination and the rare AF occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Ruggiero
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Mascolo
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Gaio
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Consiglia Riccardi
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Imma Izzo
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Ruggiero
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Wang F, Zhou B, Sun H, Wu X. Proarrhythmia associated with antiarrhythmic drugs: a comprehensive disproportionality analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1170039. [PMID: 37251345 PMCID: PMC10213327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1170039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify the different associations between antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) and arrhythmias, and to determine whether pharmacokinetic drug interactions involving AADs increase the risk of AAD-related arrhythmias compared to using AADs alone. Materials and methods: The disproportionality analysis of AAD-associated cardiac arrhythmias, including AAD monotherapies and concomitant use of pharmacokinetic interacting agents involving AADs, was conducted by using reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) as detection of potential safety signals based on FAERS data from January 2016 to June 2022. We compared the clinical features of patients reported with AAD-associated arrhythmias between fatal and non-fatal groups, and further investigated the onset time (TTO) following different AAD regimens. Results: A total of 11754 AAD-associated cardiac arrhythmias reports were identified, which was more likely to occur in the elderly (52.17%). Significant signals were detected between cardiac arrhythmia and all AAD monotherapies, with ROR ranging from 4.86 with mexiletine to 11.07 with flecainide. Regarding four specific arrhythmias in High Level Term (HLT) level, the AAD monotherapies with the highest ROR were flecainide in cardiac conduction disorders (ROR025 = 21.18), propafenone in rate and rhythm disorders (ROR025 = 10.36), dofetilide in supraventricular arrhythmias (ROR025 = 17.61), and ibutilide in ventricular arrhythmias (ROR025 = 4.91). Dofetilide/ibutilide, ibutilide, mexiletine/ibutilide and dronedarone presented no signal in the above four specific arrhythmias respectively. Compared with amiodarone monotherapy, sofosbuvir plus amiodarone detected the most significantly increased ROR in arrhythmias. Conclusion: The investigation showed the spectrum and risk of AAD-associated cardiac arrhythmias varied among different AAD therapies. The early identification and management of AAD-associated arrhythmias are of great importance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Bingfeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xinan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, China
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Chyou JY, Barkoudah E, Dukes JW, Goldstein LB, Joglar JA, Lee AM, Lubitz SA, Marill KA, Sneed KB, Streur MM, Wong GC, Gopinathannair R. Atrial Fibrillation Occurring During Acute Hospitalization: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023; 147:e676-e698. [PMID: 36912134 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute atrial fibrillation is defined as atrial fibrillation detected in the setting of acute care or acute illness; atrial fibrillation may be detected or managed for the first time during acute hospitalization for another condition. Atrial fibrillation after cardiothoracic surgery is a distinct type of acute atrial fibrillation. Acute atrial fibrillation is associated with high risk of long-term atrial fibrillation recurrence, warranting clinical attention during acute hospitalization and over long-term follow-up. A framework of substrates and triggers can be useful for evaluating and managing acute atrial fibrillation. Acute management requires a multipronged approach with interdisciplinary care collaboration, tailoring treatments to the patient's underlying substrate and acute condition. Key components of acute management include identification and treatment of triggers, selection and implementation of rate/rhythm control, and management of anticoagulation. Acute rate or rhythm control strategy should be individualized with consideration of the patient's capacity to tolerate rapid rates or atrioventricular dyssynchrony, and the patient's ability to tolerate the risk of the therapeutic strategy. Given the high risks of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with acute atrial fibrillation, clinical follow-up and heart rhythm monitoring are warranted. Long-term management is guided by patient substrate, with implications for intensity of heart rhythm monitoring, anticoagulation, and considerations for rhythm management strategies. Overall management of acute atrial fibrillation addresses substrates and triggers. The 3As of acute management are acute triggers, atrial fibrillation rate/rhythm management, and anticoagulation. The 2As and 2Ms of long-term management include monitoring of heart rhythm and modification of lifestyle and risk factors, in addition to considerations for atrial fibrillation rate/rhythm management and anticoagulation. Several gaps in knowledge related to acute atrial fibrillation exist and warrant future research.
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