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Gu Z, Li S, Liu J, Zhang X, Pang C, Ding L, Cao C. Protection of blood-brain barrier by endothelial DAPK1 deletion after stroke. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 724:150216. [PMID: 38851140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) 1 is a critical mediator for neuronal cell death in cerebral ischemia, but its role in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is incompletely understood. Here, we found that endothelial-specific deletion of Dapk1 using Tie2 Cre protected the brain of Dapk1fl/fl mice against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), characterized by mitigated Evans blue dye (EBD) extravasation, reduced infarct size and improved behavior. In vitro experiments also indicated that DAPK1 deletion inhibited oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced tight junction alteration between cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). Mechanistically, we revealed that DAPK1-DAPK3 interaction activated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in OGD-stimulated CECs. Our results thus suggest that inhibition of endothelial DAPK1 specifically prevents BBB damage after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Shaoxun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Jiyu Liu
- Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Cong Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China.
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Huaian NO.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China; Huaian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huaian, 223300, China.
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2
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Pham MHX, Christensen DM, Kristensen AT, Middelfart C, Sindet-Pedersen C, Gislason G, Olsen NT. Association of overweight and obesity with coronary risk factors and the presence of multivessel disease in patients with obstructive coronary artery disease - A nationwide registry study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2024; 22:200299. [PMID: 38983607 PMCID: PMC11231706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2024.200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Background The growing prevalence of obesity is expected to increase the burden of coronary artery disease. This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with a first-time diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease in a contemporary population. The association of body-mass-index (BMI) with age, traditional risk factors, and the presence of multivessel disease were explored. Methods and results Using the Danish Nationwide registries, we identified 49,733 patients with a first-time diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease in the period 2012-2018. We investigated the association between BMI and coronary risk factors by multivariate logistic regression. Mean age was 65.8 ± 11.8 years, mean BMI was 27.5 kg/m2 ± 7.2, and 73.2 % were men. 66.3 % had a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and 1.3 % were underweight. The prevalence of patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 decreased with increasing age and was 69 % in patients <50 year vs. 46.2 % in patients ≥80 years (p < 0.001). In all age groups, higher odds of BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were observed in males, former smokers, and patients with hypertension. In multivariate logistic regression, BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was not associated with presence of multivessel disease (p = 0.74). Conclusion In this large, nationwide study, 66.3 % of patients with first time diagnosis of obstructive coronary disease had BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Young patients had higher BMI and were more likely to be current smokers. Overweight or obesity was independently associated with the presence of diabetes and hypertension. BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was not independently associated with the presence of multivessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hang Xuan Pham
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Daniel Mølager Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Andreas Torp Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Middelfart
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Caroline Sindet-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Thue Olsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
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Masterson Creber R, Eslami S, Gaudino M. Improving diversity in cardiac surgery clinical trials with ROMA:Women as an exemplar. Curr Opin Cardiol 2024; 39:426-430. [PMID: 38935044 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe methods to improve representation of women in cardiac surgery clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiovascular disease risk among women is high. Historically, women have been excluded from cardiac surgery trials, in part due to restrictive inclusion criteria. Surgical outcomes, specifically after coronary artery bypass grafting, are consistently worse among female patients, and these outcomes have not improved over the last decade. Addressing treatment effects and clinical benefit among women requires accurate representation in cardiovascular surgery trials. ROMA:Women, is the first cardiac surgery trial to focus solely on women, with the goal of addressing underrepresentation. Through utilizing specific strategies, ROMA:Women is a promising first step in advancing health equity. SUMMARY Strategies to ensure effective recruitment and representation among women in cardiac surgery clinical trials, such as tailored eligibility criteria and comprehensive strategies to improve communication and increase trust, are two of many potential approaches to address the structural barriers to female representation in cardiac surgery clinical trials. To date, ROMA:Women is an example of a trial that has shown extraordinary preliminary success enrolling women. Designing trials exclusively for women is one strategy to improve the diversity of clinical trial participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Eslami
- Columbia University School of Nursing, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Pastore MC, Cavigli L, Olivoni G, Morrone F, Amati F, Imbalzano E, Rinaldi A, Liga R, Mattioli AV, Scicchitano P, Curcio A, Barillà F, Ciccarelli M, Maestrini V, Perrone Filardi P, D'Ascenzi F, Cameli M. Physical exercise in hypertensive heart disease: From the differential diagnosis to the complementary role of exercise. Int J Cardiol 2024; 410:132232. [PMID: 38844090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common pathologic conditions and uncontrolled AH is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. AH chronically causes myocardial and arterial remodelling with hemodynamic changes affecting the heart and other organs, with potentially irreversible consequences leading to poor outcomes. Therefore, a proper and early treatment of AH is crucial after the diagnosis. Beyond medical treatment, physical exercise also plays a therapeutic role in reducing blood pressure, given its potential effects on sympathetic tone, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and endothelial function. International scientific societies recommend physical exercise among lifestyle modifications to treat AH in the first stages of the disease. Moreover, some studies have also shown its usefulness in addition to drugs to reduce blood pressure further. Therefore, an accurate, personalized exercise prescription is recommended to optimize the prevention and treatment of hypertension. On the other hand, uncontrolled AH in athletes requires proper risk stratification and careful evaluation to practice competitive sports safely. Moreover, the differential diagnosis between hypertensive heart disease and athlete's heart is sometimes challenging and requires a careful and comprehensive interpretation in order not to misinterpret the clinical findings. The present review aims to discuss the relationship between hypertensive heart disease and physical exercise, from diagnostic tools to prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luna Cavigli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Olivoni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Morrone
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, University of Bologna, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, IRCCS, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Liga
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Curcio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Italian Society of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavio D'Ascenzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Safarova M, Bimal T, Soffer DE, Hirsh B, Shapiro MD, Mintz G, Cha A, Gianos E. Advances in targeting LDL cholesterol: PCSK9 inhibitors and beyond. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 19:100701. [PMID: 39070027 PMCID: PMC11278114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a direct relationship between the duration and level of exposure to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels over one's lifespan and cardiovascular events. Early treatment to lower elevated LDL-C is crucial for better outcomes with multiple therapies currently available to reduce atherogenic lipoproteins. Statins remain the foundation of LDL-C lowering therapy as one of the most cost-effective drugs to reduce atherosclerotic events (ASCVD) and mortality. Nonetheless, LDL-driven goal attainment remains suboptimal globally, highlighting a considerable need for non-statin therapies to address residual risk related to statin intolerance, non-adherence, and inherited lipoprotein disorders. LDL-C lowering interventions beyond statins include ezetimibe, PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies, inclisiran and bempedoic acid with specific guideline recommendations as to when to consider each. For patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia requiring more advanced therapy, lomitapide and evinacumab are available, providing mechanisms that are not LDL receptor dependent. Lipoprotein apheresis remains an effective option for clinical familial hypercholesterolemia as well as elevated lipoprotein (a). There are investigational therapies being explored to add to our current armamentarium including CETP inhibitors, a third-generation PCSK9 inhibitor (small recombinant fusion protein oral PCSK9 inhibitor) and gene editing which aims to directly restore or disrupt genes of interest at the DNA level. This article is a brief review of the pharmacotherapy options beyond statins for lowering LDL-C and their impact on ASCVD risk reduction. Our primary aim is to guide physicians on the role these therapies play in achieving appropriate LDL-C goals, with an algorithm of when to consider each based on efficacy, safety and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Safarova
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Tia Bimal
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, Cardiovascular Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, USA
| | - Daniel E. Soffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Benjamin Hirsh
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, Cardiovascular Institute, Sandra Atlas Bass Heart Hospital, USA
| | - Michael D. Shapiro
- Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Guy Mintz
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, Cardiovascular Institute, Sandra Atlas Bass Heart Hospital, USA
| | - Agnes Cha
- Northwell/Vivo Health Pharmacy, Ambulatory Pharmacy Services, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Eugenia Gianos
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, Cardiovascular Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Blakeman JR, Calderon SJ, Watkins S, Kim M, Peterson K, Prasun MA. A cross-sectional study of Hispanic and Latina/o/x/e individuals' acute coronary syndrome symptom knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. Heart Lung 2024; 67:100-107. [PMID: 38744181 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little attention has been placed on language proficiency as a potential variable affecting ACS symptom knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. OBJECTIVES To compare the ACS symptom knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of Hispanic and Latina/o/x/e individuals proficient in English and in those only proficient in Spanish. Secondary aims were to determine if there were differences in ACS symptom knowledge, attitudes, or beliefs based on participants' previous exposure to ACS symptom information and to evaluate instrument characteristics of the new Spanish version of the ACS Response Index. METHODS This cross-sectional, comparative study included participants (N = 99) from a community-based clinic in Illinois. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to ACS symptoms were measured using the ACS Response Index. RESULTS The average participant was 39.8 (SD 15.6) years of age, female (n = 56, 56.6 %), and had a high school education or less (n = 61, 61.6 %). Participants correctly classified a mean 57.5 % (SD 12.8) of symptoms and had mean attitude and belief scores of 12.1 (SD 3.3) and 17.5 (SD 2.9), respectively. There were no significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs based on language proficiency. However, there were some statistically significant differences for knowledge and attitude scores based on exposure to ACS symptom information. The ACS Response Index (Spanish Version) also demonstrated favorable internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS Overall knowledge, attitude, and belief scores were modest in this sample. Higher knowledge and attitude scores were observed for some types of ACS information exposure, supporting the importance of future educational efforts in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Blakeman
- Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5810, Normal, IL 61790-5810, USA.
| | - Susana J Calderon
- Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5810, Normal, IL 61790-5810, USA
| | - Susie Watkins
- Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5810, Normal, IL 61790-5810, USA
| | - MyoungJin Kim
- College Statistician, and Director of Mennonite College of Nursing's Office of Nursing Research, Scholarship, and Innovation, Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5810, Normal, IL 61790-5810, USA
| | - Kate Peterson
- Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5810, Normal, IL 61790-5810, USA
| | - Marilyn A Prasun
- Mennonite College of Nursing, Illinois State University, Campus Box 5810, Normal, IL 61790-5810, USA
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Garba DL, Razavi AC, Blumenthal RS, Stone NJ, Polonsky T, Khan SS, Barouch LA. Advances in predicting cardiovascular risk: Applying the PREVENT equations. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 19:100705. [PMID: 39070022 PMCID: PMC11278947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deen L. Garba
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander C. Razavi
- Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roger S. Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neil J. Stone
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tamar Polonsky
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sadiya S. Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lili A. Barouch
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Fan J, Zhong L, Yan F, Li X, Li L, Zhao H, Han Z, Wang R, Tao Z, Zheng Y, Ma Q, Luo Y. Alteration of N6-methyladenosine modification profiles in the neutrophilic RNAs following ischemic stroke. Neuroscience 2024; 553:56-73. [PMID: 38945353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most extensive RNA methylation modifications in eukaryotes and participates in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including ischemic stroke. Peripheral blood neutrophils are forerunners after ischemic brain injury and exert crucial functions. This study aims to explore the transcriptional profiles of m6A modification in neutrophils of patients with ischemic stroke. RESULTS We found that the expression levels of m6A regulators FTO and YTHDC1 were notably decreased in the neutrophils following ischemic stroke, and FTO expression was negatively correlated with neutrophil counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). The m6A mRNA&lncRNA epigenetic transcriptome microarray identified 416 significantly upregulated and 500 significantly downregulated mRNA peaks in neutrophils of ischemic stroke patients. Moreover, 48 mRNAs and 18 lncRNAs were hypermethylated, and 115 mRNAs and 29 lncRNAs were hypomethylated after cerebral ischemia. Gene ontology (GO) analysis identified that these m6A-modified mRNAs were primarily enriched in calcium ion transport, long-term synaptic potentiation, and base-excision repair. The signaling pathways involved were EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, ErbB, and base excision repair signaling pathway. MeRIP-qPCR validation results showed that NRG1 and GDPD1 were significantly hypermethylated, and LIG1, CHRND, lncRNA RP11-442J17.2, and lncRNA RP11-600P1.2 were significantly hypomethylated after cerebral ischemia. Moreover, the expression levels of major m6A regulators Mettl3, Fto, Ythdf1, and Ythdf3 were obviously declined in the brain and leukocytes of post-stroke mouse models. CONCLUSION This study explored the RNA m6A methylation pattern in the neutrophils of ischemic stroke patients, indicating that it is an intervention target of epigenetic regulation in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfen Fan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhong
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yangmin Zheng
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qingfeng Ma
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yumin Luo
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Hajj J, Schneider ALC, Jacoby D, Schreiber J, Nolfi D, Turk MT. Associations of Neighborhood Environments and Socioeconomic Status With Subclinical Atherosclerosis: An Integrative Review. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024:00005082-990000000-00216. [PMID: 39148151 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited understanding exists on the associations of neighborhood environment with subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression. PURPOSE The purpose of this integrative review was to explore associations of neighborhood environments and socioeconomic status (SES) with subclinical atherosclerosis and its long-term progression. RESULTS Three themes were identified: environmental exposure affects the natural history of atherosclerosis, neighborhood characteristics are associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, and individual SES is associated with development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis more so than neighborhood SES. Some variations in results were noted based on the vascular site examined. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Disadvantaged neighborhoods and low SES are associated with greater subclinical atherosclerosis. Inconsistencies in a few studies seemed to be related to lack of coronary artery progression among the relatively young adults. This suggests further examination is needed of the contextual associations of neighborhood and SES with markers of generalized atherosclerosis, such as carotid intima-media thickness.
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Cai L, Tan Y, Islam MS, Horowitz M, Wintergerst KA. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: Importance of direct evidence to support the roles of NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1659-1662. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i8.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the roles of pyroptosis, a form of cell death induced by activated NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) have been extensively investigated. However, most studies have focused mainly on whether diabetes increases the NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis in the heart of type 1 or type 2 diabetic rodent models, and whether various medications and natural products prevent the development of DCM, associated with decreased levels of cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. The direct link of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated pyroptosis to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unclear based on the limited evidence derived from the available studies, with the approaches of NLRP3 gene silencing or pharmaceutical application of NLRP3 specific inhibitors. We thus emphasize the requirement for more systematic studies that are designed to provide direct evidence to support the link, given that several studies have provided both direct and indirect evidence under specific conditions. This editorial emphasizes that the current investigation should be circumspect in its conclusion, i.e., not overemphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of DCM with the fact of only significantly increased expression or activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the heart of diabetic rodent models. Only clear-cut evidence-based causative roles of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of DCM can help to develop effective and safe medications for the clinical management of DCM, targeting these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics, Radiation Oncology, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Children’s Hospital, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Kupper A Wintergerst
- Pediatric Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Wendy Novak Diabetes Institute, Norton Children’s Hospital, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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Lv L, Guo Y, Zheng Z, Li B. Blood metabolites mediate effects of breakfast skipping on heart failure via Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18957. [PMID: 39147796 PMCID: PMC11327247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous observational studies have suggested a potential causal relationship between skipping breakfast and cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure (HF). However, these studies are susceptible to inherent confounders and the challenge of reverse causation, and the underlying metabolic factors are not yet clear. Therefore, our aim is to assess the causal impact of breakfast skipping on HF and the role of potential mediating metabolic products from a genetic perspective, by conducting Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies and mediation analysis. We leveraged summary data from the most extensive genome-wide association studies to date on breakfast skipping (with 193,860 participants), blood metabolites (with 118,461 participants), and HF (involving 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls). To explore the causal relationship between breakfast skipping and HF, as well as the role of 249 potential blood metabolite mediators, we conducted bidirectional MR and mediation MR analyses. We primarily employed the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, complemented by various other techniques to ensure the comprehensiveness and reliability of our analysis. Our research confirms a causal association between breakfast skipping and an increased risk of HF (odds ratio [OR]: 1.378, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.047-1.813; p = 0.022). Furthermore, our research findings demonstrate that breakfast skipping is positively correlated with 6 blood metabolites and negatively correlated with 2 others. Notably, our mediation MR analysis further reveals that three blood metabolites act as mediators in the relationship between breakfast skipping and the risk of HF. Specifically, the mediating effects are attributed to the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to total fatty acids (proportion mediated = 9.41%, 95% CI: 2.10-28.61%), glucose (proportion mediated = 6.17%, 95% CI: 0.97-28.53%), and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) (proportion mediated = 5.68%, 95% CI: 0.94-21.62%). The combined mediating effects of these three factors total 20.53% (95%CI: 8.59-91.06%). Our research confirms the causal relationship between genetically instrumented breakfast skipping and HF, underscoring the potential mediating roles played by three key blood metabolites: ratio of DHA to total fatty acids, glucose and GlycA. This discovery offers valuable perspectives for clinical strategies targeting HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuli Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Frist Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhongyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Platz K, Cavanagh CE, Metzger M, Park LG, Howie-Esquivel J. Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness on Heart Failure Self-care: A Cross-sectional Analysis. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024:00005082-990000000-00215. [PMID: 39140733 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure (HF) who engage in effective HF self-care have better quality of life, and lower risks of all-cause and HF-related hospital readmission and mortality. It is unclear whether social isolation and loneliness, which are prevalent among patients with HF and known to affect other self-care behaviors, can predict HF self-care. OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and HF self-care. METHODS This was a cross-sectional secondary analysis (n = 49) of the GEtting iNTo Light Exercise for HF randomized controlled trial, a 6-month home-based live group gentle exercise intervention for patients with HF. Measures included the following: 6-item Lubben Social Network Scale for social isolation, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Social Isolation survey for loneliness, Self-Care of Heart Failure Index, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression survey. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to examine the relationships of 4 HF self-care processes to social isolation and loneliness, adjusting for depression and grouping (control group or intervention group). RESULTS Scores indicating less social isolation predicted higher self-care maintenance (B = 0.937, P = .015), monitoring (B = 0.799, P = .041), and management (B = 1.812, P < .001). Loneliness did not predict HF self-care. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to predict HF self-care using distinct measures for social isolation and loneliness. Patients who were less socially isolated engaged in better HF self-care; loneliness had no relationship with HF self-care. Prospective studies are needed to investigate causal relationships between social isolation and HF-self-care engagement to determine the effect on outcomes such as hospital readmission and mortality.
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Fields ND, Martin ZT, Hoggard LS, Erving CL, Udaipuria S, Blevins KM, Parker JE, Goodson J, Murden RJ, Moore RH, Parker R, Culler L, Booker B, Barinas-Mitchell E, Quyyumi A, Vaccarino V, Lewis TT. Does stress from incarceration of family and friends contribute to signs of early vascular ageing in African American women? J Epidemiol Community Health 2024:jech-2024-222227. [PMID: 39122410 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2024-222227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early vascular ageing (EVA) contributes to elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which disproportionately affects African American women. Incarceration, an event disproportionately impacting African Americans, may be a stressor contributing to EVA in African American women. Further, the subjective perspective, commonly referred to as appraisal, of incarceration may also be important for health. We hypothesised that having family and/or friends incarcerated and appraising the incarceration as upsetting would be associated with indices of EVA. METHODS In a community-based cohort of African American women aged 30-46 living in Atlanta, Georgia (n=391), participants were asked, at baseline, about family and/or friend incarceration and to appraise how upsetting the incarceration was. Multivariable linear regression examined associations between: (1) family and/or friend incarceration and indices of EVA (pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central systolic blood pressure (SBP) and pulse pressure amplification) and (2) appraisal of incarceration and EVA indices. RESULTS 45% of participants (n=174) reported having a loved one incarcerated, and 59% (n=102) reported the incarceration as upsetting. Having a loved one incarcerated was associated with a higher central SBP (b=4.30; 95% CI 1.61, 6.99) and augmentation index (b=2.29; 95% CI 0.26, 4.33). Appraisal of incarceration was only associated with central SBP. CONCLUSIONS Family or friend incarceration was highly prevalent in this cohort of African American women and associated with indices of EVA. Mass incarceration of others may affect the physical health of African American women which may contribute to CVD disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Fields
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zachary T Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lori S Hoggard
- Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christy L Erving
- Department of Sociology, College of Liberal Arts, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Shivika Udaipuria
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kennedy M Blevins
- Department of Psychological Science, School of Social Ecology, UC Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jordan E Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jaylah Goodson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raphiel J Murden
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Renee H Moore
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel Parker
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - LaKeia Culler
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bianca Booker
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Arshed Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tené T Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Lin L, Xu H, Yao Z, Zeng X, Kang L, Li Y, Zhou G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Cheng D, Chen Q, Zhao X, Li R. Jin-Xin-Kang alleviates heart failure by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction through the Calcineurin/Dynamin-Related Protein 1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118685. [PMID: 39127116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a severe consequence of cardiovascular disease, marked by cardiac dysfunction. Jin-Xin-Kang (JXK) is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used for the treatment of CHF. This formula consists of seven medicinal herbs, including Ginseng (Ginseng quinquefolium (L.) Alph.Wood), Astragali Radix (Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge), Salvia miltiorrhiza (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen (Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl), Leonuri Herba (Leonurus japonicus Houtt.), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl), and Ilex pubescens (Ilex pubescens Hook. & Arn.). Its clinical efficacy has been validated through prospective randomized controlled studies. However, the specific mechanisms of action for this formula have yet to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effect of JXK on mitochondrial function and its mechanism in the treatment of CHF. METHODS JXK components were qualitatively analyzed using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. HF was induced in mice via transverse aortic constriction (TAC). After successful model establishment, lyophilized JXK-L (4.38 g/kg) and JXK-H (13.14 g/kg) were administered for 8 weeks. In vitro, hypertrophic myocardium was induced using angiotensin II (Ang II) for 48 h, followed by JXK-L and JXK-H treatment. Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the relevant targets of JXK. Cardiac function, serum markers, and histopathological changes were evaluated to assess cardiac function. Immunofluorescence of Tomm20, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS were measured to assess mitochondrial dysfunction. Protein expression of calcineurin (CaN) and Drp1 in the myocardium was assessed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS We detected that the active components of JXK include terpenes, glycosides, flavonoids, amino acids, and alkaloids, among others. In mice with CHF, JXK improved cardiac function and reversed ventricular remodeling. Network pharmacology indicated that JXK can inhibit the calcium signaling pathway. The molecular docking results demonstrated that the active components of JXK effectively bind with CaN. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that JXK regulated the CaN/Drp1 pathway and alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSION JXK can inhibit the CaN/Drp1 pathway to improve mitochondrial function, and consequently treat CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Lin
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Innovation Research Center, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengyang Yao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyou Zeng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiting Zhou
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shushu Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danling Cheng
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Cardiology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong Li
- Cardiology Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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15
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Wang L, Zhang X, Chen Y, Flynn CR, English WJ, Samuels JM, Williams B, Spann M, Albaugh VL, Shu XO, Yu D. Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases after Bariatric Surgery Based on the New PREVENT Equations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.08.05.24311527. [PMID: 39148843 PMCID: PMC11326315 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.05.24311527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Background We applied the novel Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease EVENTs (PREVENT) equations to evaluate cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health and estimated CVD risk, including heart failure (HF), after bariatric surgery. Methods Among 7804 patients (20-79 years) undergoing bariatric surgery at Vanderbilt University Medical Center during 1999-2022, CVD risk factors at pre-surgery, 1-year, and 2-year post-surgery were extracted from electronic health records. The 10- and 30-year risks of total CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and HF were estimated for patients without a history of CVD or its subtypes at each time point, using the social deprivation index-enhanced PREVENT equations. Paired t-tests or McNemar tests were used to compare pre- with post-surgery CKM health and CVD risk. Two-sample t-tests were used to compare CVD risk reduction between patient subgroups defined by age, sex, race, operation type, weight loss, and history of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Results CKM health was significantly improved after surgery with lower systolic blood pressure, non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL), and diabetes prevalence, but higher HDL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The 10-year total CVD risk decreased from 6.51% at pre-surgery to 4.81% and 5.08% at 1- and 2-year post-surgery (relative reduction: 25.9% and 16.8%), respectively. Significant risk reductions were seen for all CVD subtypes (i.e., ASCVD, CHD, stroke, and HF), with the largest reduction for HF (relative reduction: 55.7% and 44.8% at 1- and 2-year post-surgery, respectively). Younger age, White race, >30% weight loss, diabetes history, and no dyslipidemia history were associated with greater HF risk reductions. Similar results were found for the 30-year risk estimates. Conclusions Bariatric surgery significantly improves CKM health and reduces estimated CVD risk, particularly HF, by 45-56% within 1-2 years post-surgery. HF risk reduction may vary by patient's demographics, weight loss, and disease history, which warrants further research.
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16
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Junqueira A, Gomes MJ, Lima ARR, Pontes THD, Rodrigues EA, Damatto FC, Depra I, Paschoareli GL, Pagan LU, Fernandes AAH, Oliveira-Jr SA, Pacagnelli FL, Okoshi MP, Okoshi K. Effects of concurrent training and N-acetylcysteine supplementation on cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in middle-aged spontaneously hypertensive rats. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:409. [PMID: 39103770 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of concurrent isolated training (T) or training combined with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on cardiac remodeling and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Six-month-old male SHR were divided into sedentary (S, n = 12), concurrent training (T, n = 13), sedentary supplemented with NAC (SNAC, n = 13), and concurrent training with NAC supplementation (TNAC, n = 14) groups. T and TNAC rats were trained three times a week on a treadmill and ladder; NAC supplemented groups received 120 mg/kg/day NAC in rat chow for eight weeks. Myocardial antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid hydroperoxide concentration were assessed by spectrophotometry. Gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits Nox2, Nox4, p22 phox, and p47 phox was evaluated by real time RT-PCR. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Bonferroni or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn. RESULTS Echocardiogram showed concentric remodeling in TNAC, characterized by increased relative wall thickness (S 0.40 ± 0.04; T 0.39 ± 0.03; SNAC 0.40 ± 0.04; TNAC 0.43 ± 0.04 *; * p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC) and diastolic posterior wall thickness (S 1.50 ± 0.12; T 1.52 ± 0.10; SNAC 1.56 ± 0.12; TNAC 1.62 ± 0.14 * mm; * p < 0.05 vs T), with improved contractile function (posterior wall shortening velocity: S 39.4 ± 5.01; T 36.4 ± 2.96; SNAC 39.7 ± 3.44; TNAC 41.6 ± 3.57 * mm/s; * p < 0.05 vs T). Myocardial lipid hydroperoxide concentration was lower in NAC treated groups (S 210 ± 48; T 182 ± 43; SNAC 159 ± 33 *; TNAC 110 ± 23 *# nmol/g tissue; * p < 0.05 vs S, # p < 0.05 vs T and SNAC). Nox 2 and p22 phox expression was higher and p47 phox lower in T than S [S 1.37 (0.66-1.66); T 0.78 (0.61-1.04) *; SNAC 1.07 (1.01-1.38); TNAC 1.06 (1.01-1.15) arbitrary units; * p < 0.05 vs S]. NADPH oxidase subunits did not differ between TNAC, SNAC, and S groups. CONCLUSION N-acetylcysteine supplementation alone reduces oxidative stress in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats. The combination of N-acetylcysteine and concurrent exercise further decreases oxidative stress. However, the lower oxidative stress does not translate into improved cardiac remodeling and function in untreated spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Junqueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Western Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana J Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline R R Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thierres H D Pontes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Eder A Rodrigues
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Damatto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Depra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Paschoareli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luana U Pagan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana A H Fernandes
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Francis L Pacagnelli
- Physiotherapy Department, University of Western Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina P Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Asare Y, Georgakis MK. Translating Anti-Inflammatory Strategies for Atherosclerosis: Deep Phenotyping, Next-Generation Drug Targets, and Precision Medicine. Cells 2024; 13:1306. [PMID: 39120334 PMCID: PMC11311576 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathology underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD), including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marios K. Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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18
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Zeitler EP, Johnson AE, Cooper LB, Steinberg BA, Houston BA. Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: New Assessment of an Old Problem. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024:S2213-1779(24)00516-X. [PMID: 39152985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF)-specifically, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)-often coexist, and each contributes to the propagation of the other. This relationship extends from the mechanistic and physiological to clinical syndromes, quality of life, and long-term cardiovascular outcomes. The risk factors for AF and HF overlap and create a critical opportunity to prevent adverse outcomes among patients at greatest risk for either condition. Increasing recognition of the linkages between AF and HF have led to widespread interest in designing diagnostic, predictive, and interventional strategies targeting all aspects of disease, from identifying genetic predisposition to addressing social determinants of health. Advances across this spectrum culminated in updated multisociety guidelines for management of AF, which includes specific consideration of comorbid AF and HF. This review expands on these guidelines by further highlighting relevant clinical trial findings and providing additional context for the evolving recommendations for management in this important and growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Zeitler
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dartmouth Health and The Dartmouth Institute, Lebanon New Hampshire, USA.
| | - Amber E Johnson
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine of the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren B Cooper
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin A Steinberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brian A Houston
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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19
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Wang Z, Chen YE, Chang L. Unleashing PD-1: a duel of immunity in aortic aneurysm formation. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e182554. [PMID: 39087474 PMCID: PMC11290959 DOI: 10.1172/jci182554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), exhibit sex differences, with higher prevalence and severity in males than females, both in humans and experimental mouse models. In fact, male sex has been considered as the most potent nonmodifiable risk factor for AAA. Currently, there are no medications approved for the treatment of aortic aneurysms, despite the high lethality of ruptured aneurysms, which account for nearly 2% of all deaths. Moreover, the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating the sexual dimorphism of aortic aneurysms remain largely unknown. In this issue of the JCI, Mu et al. revealed a mechanism by which androgens, male sex hormones, exacerbate aortic aneurysms by suppressing programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression in T cells in an aldosterone and high salt-induced aortic aneurysm mouse model.
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20
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Wei C, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Luo Z, Liu D, Hu L, Shen D, Liu M, Shi L, Wang X, Lan T, Dai Q, Liu J, Chen W, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Wu W, Wang P, Zhang C, Hu J, Wang C, Yang F, Li Q. Itaconate protects ferroptotic neurons by alkylating GPx4 post stroke. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:983-998. [PMID: 38719928 PMCID: PMC11303683 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ferroptosis plays a key role in neurologic deficits post intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the endogenous regulation of rescuing ferroptotic neurons is largely unexplored. Here, we analyzed the integrated alteration of metabolomic landscape after ICH using LC-MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, and demonstrated that aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Irg1) and its product itaconate, a derivative of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were protectively upregulated. Deficiency of Irg1 or depletion of neuronal Irg1 in striatal neurons was shown to exaggerate neuronal loss and behavioral dysfunction in an ICH mouse model using transgenic mice. Administration of 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI), a cell-permeable itaconate derivative, and neuronal Irg1 overexpression protected neurons in vivo. In addition, itaconate inhibited ferroptosis in cortical neurons derived from mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that itaconate alkylated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) on its cysteine 66 and the modification allosterically enhanced GPx4's enzymatic activity by using a bioorthogonal probe, itaconate-alkyne (ITalk), and a GPx4 activity assay using phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide. Altogether, our research suggested that Irg1/itaconate-GPx4 axis may be a future therapeutic strategy for protecting neurons from ferroptosis post ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhongnan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhaoli Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Liye Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qingqing Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qingyu Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junchi Hu
- Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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21
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Haslam DE, Mora S. Diet quality, front-of-pack labeling, and lipoprotein particle profiles. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117600. [PMID: 38853066 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Haslam
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Divisions of Preventive Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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Casey DE, Blood AJ, Persell SD, Pohlman D, Williamson JD. What Constitutes Adequate Control of High Blood Pressure? Current Considerations. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2024; 8:384-395. [PMID: 39069971 PMCID: PMC11283018 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
An estimated 45% of adult Americans currently have high blood pressure (HBP). Effective blood pressure (BP) control is essential for preventing major adverse events from cardiovascular and other vascular-related diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, stroke and dementia. A large and growing number of medical professional societies, health care organizations, and governmental agencies have now endorsed a clinical practice guideline-based target for adequate control of HBP to a systolic BP of less than 130 mm Hg. However, adequate BP control to this goal has been recently estimated to be as low as 30%. The first and most important steps to guide effective BP control include accurate, standardized BP measurement and formal assessment of overall atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. In addition to appropriate pharmacologic treatment, optimal BP management must also include multifaceted guideline-directed lifestyle modifications. High-quality evidence now supports effective uniform HBP control that is consistently achievable for most of people from diverse backgrounds. This can be accomplished through identification and prioritization of social determinants of health enabled by shared decision making that is delivered via team-based care. Such integrated approaches can have a substantial impact for simultaneously reducing several major modifiable atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors. Hence, moving the "Big Needle" of improved overall cardiovascular, kidney, and brain health of the US population must no longer be solely relegated to primary care and will require a major and coordinated reprioritization of capital and evidence-based human resource allocations by all health care stakeholder organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E. Casey
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL
- Institute for Healthcare Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Improving Patient Outcomes for Health (IPO 4 Health), Chicago, IL
| | - Alexander J. Blood
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA
- Mass General Brigham Data Science Office, Boston, MA
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Accelerator of Clinical Transformation, Boston, MA
- Shapiro Cardiovascular Center, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen D. Persell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Center for Primary Care Innovation, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Northwestern Medical Group, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel Pohlman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeff D. Williamson
- Center for Healthcare Innovation, Chicago, IL
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Winston-Salem, NC
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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23
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Zhang Y, Song B, Wang Y, Sun Y. Prediabetes and the risk of peripheral artery disease: a meta-analysis. Ann Vasc Surg 2024:S0890-5096(24)00486-2. [PMID: 39096950 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a significant vascular condition that can lead to severe complications, including limb ischemia and cardiovascular events. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between prediabetes, an intermediate state between normoglycemia and diabetes, and the risk of developing PAD. METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify relevant cohort studies up to April 12, 2024. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity among studies. RESULTS A total of eight cohort studies comprising 90133 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that individuals with prediabetes had a significantly higher risk of PAD compared to those with normoglycemia (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13-1.42, p < 0.001; I2 = 55%). Subgroup analyses indicated that the association was stronger in prediabetes defined by mildly elevated hemoglobin A1c (RR: 1.47) compared to those defined by impaired fasting glucose (RR: 1.21) or impaired glucose tolerance (RR: 1.17, p for subgroup difference < 0.001). In addition, a stronger association was observed for studies reporting clinically diagnosed PAD compared to studies that included asymptomatic PAD (RR: 1.32 versus 0.92, p for subgroup difference = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant association between prediabetes and an increased risk of PAD in generally community-derived population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, 82 North Second Ring Road, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610081, China.
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, 82 North Second Ring Road, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, 82 North Second Ring Road, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, 82 North Second Ring Road, Second Ring Road, Chengdu 610081, China
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24
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Kaze AD, Santhanam P, Ahima RS, Bertoni AG, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Association Between Microvascular Disease and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:1408-1414. [PMID: 38837904 PMCID: PMC11272972 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about the extent to which microvascular disease is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 4,766 participants with type 2 diabetes underwent maximal exercise testing in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study at baseline. Low CRF was defined based on the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study reference standards. Microvascular disease was defined as having one or more of diabetes-related kidney disease (DKD), retinopathy, and neuropathy. The burden of microvascular disease was defined as the number of microvascular beds affected. RESULTS Of the 4,766 participants (mean age 58.9 ± 6.7 years, 58.5% women, 66.1% White individuals), 1,761 (37%) had microvascular disease. Participants with microvascular complications in three vascular territories had a lower CFR than those without any microvascular disease (mean adjusted metabolic equivalent of task [MET] 6.58 vs. 7.26, P = 0.001). Participants with any microvascular disease had higher odds of low CRF than those without microvascular disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.24-1.71). An increasing burden of microvascular disease was associated with higher odds of low CRF (for microvascular disease in three vascular territories, adjusted OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.36-5.85). Adjusted ORs for low CRF were 1.24 (95% CI 0.99-1.55), 1.34 (95% CI 1.02-1.76), and 1.44 (95% CI 1.20-1.73) for neuropathy, retinopathy, and DKD associations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of adults with type 2 diabetes, the presence of microvascular disease and its burden were independently associated with lower CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud D. Kaze
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Medicine, LifePoint Health, Danville, VA
| | - Prasanna Santhanam
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alain G. Bertoni
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Prevention Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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25
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Lokkesmoe R, Hamilton L. The Role of Reverse Cascade Screening in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Literature Review and Analysis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:427-433. [PMID: 38888696 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder characterized by lifelong elevation of severely elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk accelerates after age 20. Early diagnosis allows for treatment of children with FH and creates an opportunity to identify affected relatives through reverse cascade screening (RCS). Historically, cascade screening has had little impact on identifying individuals with FH. RECENT FINDINGS Universal cholesterol screening (UCS) to identify youth with FH, beginning at 9-11 years-of-age, is currently recommended in the U.S. The European Atherosclerosis Society has called for UCS worldwide, emphasizing the need for educational programs to increase awareness amongst healthcare professions. Underdiagnoses and undertreatment of FH remain high. Improved rates of UCS and a systematic approach to RCS are needed. The absence of a coordinated RCS program limits the benefits of UCS. Further research is needed to identify barriers to cholesterol screening in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lokkesmoe
- Cook Children's Medical Center, Department of Endocrinology, 801 7th Ave, Fort Worth, TX, 76104, USA.
| | - Luke Hamilton
- Cook Children's Medical Center, Department of Research and Endocrinology, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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26
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Cavallari LH, Lee CR, Franchi F, Keeley EC, Rossi JS, Thomas CD, Gong Y, McDonough CW, Starostik P, Al Saeed MJ, Been L, Kulick N, Malave J, Mulrenin IR, Nguyen AB, Terrell JN, Tillotson G, Beitelshees AL, Winterstein AG, Stouffer GA, Angiolillo DJ. Precision Antiplatelet Therapy after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Precision PCI) Registry - Informing optimal antiplatelet strategies. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e70004. [PMID: 39150361 PMCID: PMC11328342 DOI: 10.1111/cts.70004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor) is indicated after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to reduce the risk of atherothrombotic events. Approximately 30% of the US population has a CYP2C19 no-function allele that reduces the effectiveness of clopidogrel, but not prasugrel or ticagrelor, after PCI. We have shown improved outcomes with the integration of CYP2C19 genotyping into clinical care to guide the selection of prasugrel or ticagrelor in CYP2C19 no-function allele carriers. However, the influence of patient-specific demographic, clinical, and other genetic factors on outcomes with genotype-guided DAPT has not been defined. In addition, the impact of genotype-guided de-escalation from prasugrel or ticagrelor to clopidogrel in patients without a CYP2C19 no-function allele has not been investigated in a diverse, real-world clinical setting. The Precision Antiplatelet Therapy after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Precision PCI) Registry is a multicenter US registry of patients who underwent PCI and clinical CYP2C19 testing. The registry is enrolling a diverse population, assessing atherothrombotic and bleeding events over 12 months, collecting DNA samples, and conducting platelet function testing in a subset of patients. The registry aims to define the influence of African ancestry and other patient-specific factors on clinical outcomes with CYP2C19-guided DAPT, evaluate the safety and effectiveness of CYP2C19-guided DAPT de-escalation following PCI in a real-world setting, and identify additional genetic influences of clopidogrel response after PCI, with the ultimate goal of establishing optimal strategies for individualized antiplatelet therapy that improves outcomes in a diverse, real-world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa H Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Craig R Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Francesco Franchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Ellen C Keeley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph S Rossi
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cameron D Thomas
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caitrin W McDonough
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Petr Starostik
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine; College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maryam J Al Saeed
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Latonya Been
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Natasha Kulick
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jean Malave
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ian R Mulrenin
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anh B Nguyen
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua N Terrell
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Grace Tillotson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amber L Beitelshees
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Almut G Winterstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy and Center for Drug Evaluation and Safety, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - George A Stouffer
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dominick J Angiolillo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
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27
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Shane DX, Konovalova DM, Rajendran H, Yuan SY, Ma Y. Glucocorticoids impair T lymphopoiesis after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H533-H544. [PMID: 38995212 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00195.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The thymus, where T lymphocytes develop and mature, is sensitive to insults such as tissue ischemia or injury. The insults can cause thymic atrophy and compromise T-cell development, potentially impairing adaptive immunity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether myocardial infarction (MI) induces thymic injury to impair T lymphopoiesis and to uncover the underlying mechanisms. When compared with sham controls, MI mice at day 7 post-MI exhibited smaller thymus, lower cellularity, as well as less thymocytes at different developmental stages, indicative of T-lymphopoiesis impairment following MI. Accordingly, the spleen of MI mice has less T cells and recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), implying that the thymus of MI mice releases fewer mature thymocytes than sham controls. Interestingly, the secretory function of splenic T cells was not affected by MI. Further experiments showed that the reduction of thymocytes in MI mice was due to increased thymocyte apoptosis. Removal of adrenal glands by adrenalectomy (ADX) prevented MI-induced thymic injury and dysfunction, whereas corticosterone supplementation in ADX + MI mice reinduced thymic injury and dysfunction, indicating that glucocorticoids mediate thymic damage triggered by MI. Eosinophils play essential roles in thymic regeneration postirradiation, and eosinophil-deficient mice exhibit impaired thymic recovery after sublethal irradiation. Interestingly, the thymus was fully regenerated in both wild-type and eosinophil-deficient mice at day 14 post-MI, suggesting that eosinophils are not critical for thymus regeneration post-MI. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that MI-induced glucocorticoids trigger thymocyte apoptosis and impair T lymphopoiesis, resulting in less mature thymocyte release to the spleen.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The thymus is essential for maintaining whole body T-cell output. Thymic injury can adversely affect T lymphopoiesis and T-cell immune response. This study demonstrates that MI induces thymocyte apoptosis and compromises T lymphopoiesis, resulting in fewer releases of mature thymocytes to the spleen. This process is mediated by glucocorticoids secreted by adrenal glands. Therefore, targeting glucocorticoids represents a novel approach to attenuate post-MI thymic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle X Shane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Daria M Konovalova
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Harishkumar Rajendran
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
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28
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Fu B, Zeng Y, Wang M, Zhao L, Sun L, Wang T, Dong J, Yang W, Hua W. The triglyceride-glucose index is a predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease and psoriasis: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:184. [PMID: 39085887 PMCID: PMC11290256 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and clinical outcomes in patients with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and psoriasis is unclear. This study investigated the association between the TyG index and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with both CAD and psoriasis. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with both CAD and psoriasis who underwent coronary angiography at the Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China, between January 2017 and May 2022. The study endpoint was the occurrence of MACE or end of follow-up time. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to determine the association between the TyG index and MACE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold value of the TyG index for predicting MACE. RESULTS This study enrolled 293 patients with both CAD and psoriasis, including 258 (88.1%) males with a mean age of 58.89 ± 9.61 years. Patients were divided into four groups based on the TyG quartiles: Q1 (N = 74), Q2 (N = 73), Q3 (N = 73), and Q4 (N = 73). After adjusting for the potential confounders, the TyG index was independently associated with MACE, both as a continuous variable (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.03-2.28, P = 0.035) and as a categorical variable (Q1: reference; Q2: HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.88-3.87, P = 0.105; Q3: HR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.14-5.00, P = 0.021; Q4: HR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.001-4.81, P = 0.0497; P for trend = 0.039). RCS analysis showed an linear association between the TyG index and MACE (P-overall = 0.027, P-non-linear = 0.589). ROC curve analysis showed that the TyG index of ≥ 8.73 was the optimal threshold value (area under the ROC curve = 0.60, 95% CI 0.53-0.67). TyG index ≥ 8.73 was significantly associated with MACE (HR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.32-3.34, P = 0.002). After adjustment for confounders, the TyG index showed independent association with MACE (HR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.17-3.42, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The TyG index showed a positive linear correlation with MACE in patients with both CAD and psoriasis. The TyG index of ≥ 8.73 might be the optimal threshold for predicting MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Tianjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Junle Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Weixian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167, Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China.
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29
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Huang K, Huang D, Li Q, Zhong J, Zhou Y, Zhong Z, Tang S, Zhang W, Chen Z, Lu S. Upregulation of LncRNA UCA1 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting the miR-128/SUZ12/P27 pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34181. [PMID: 39100475 PMCID: PMC11296037 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cardiomyocyte proliferation is essential to reverse or slow down the heart failure progression in many cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. In particular, lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (lncUCA1) played multiple roles in regulating cell cycle progression and cardiovascular diseases, making lncUCA1 a potential target for promoting cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, the role of lncUCA1 in cardiomyocyte proliferation remains unknown. This study aimed at exploring the function and underlying molecular mechanism of lncUCA1 in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that lncUCA1 expression decreased in postnatal hearts. Gain-and-loss-of-function experiments showed that lncUCA1 positively regulated cardiomyocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo. The bioinformatics program identified miR-128 as a potential target of lncUCA1, and loss of miR-128 was reported to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting the SUZ12/P27 pathway. Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunostaining experiments further revealed that lncUCA1 acted as a ceRNA of miR-128 to upregulate its target SUZ12 and downregulate P27, thereby increasing cyclin B1, cyclin E, CDK1 and CDK2 expression to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. In conclusion, upregulation of lncRNA UCA1 promoted cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting the miR-128/SUZ12/P27 pathway. Our results indicated that lncUCA1 might be a new therapeutic target for stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Denggao Huang
- Central Laboratory, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Jianghua Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Yilei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Zanrui Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Zibin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan, China
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Grant JK, Ndumele CE, Martin SS. The Evolving Landscape of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. JAMA 2024:2821628. [PMID: 39073798 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelani K Grant
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Seth S Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, Maryland
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Marina Arroyo M, Ramírez Gallegos I, López-González ÁA, Vicente-Herrero MT, Vallejos D, Sastre-Alzamora T, Ramírez Manent JI. Usefulness of the ECORE-BF Scale to Determine Atherogenic Risk in 386,924 Spanish Workers. Nutrients 2024; 16:2434. [PMID: 39125315 PMCID: PMC11314428 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Obesity and atherosclerosis are considered risk factors for this pathology. There are multiple methods to evaluate obesity, in the same way as there are different formulas to determine atherogenic risk. Since both pathologies are closely related, the objective of our work was to evaluate whether the ECORE-BF scale is capable of predicting atherogenic risk. METHODS Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study in which 386,924 workers from several autonomous communities in Spain participated. The association between the ECORE-BF scale and five atherogenic risk indices was evaluated. The relationship between variables was assessed using the chi-square test and Student's t test in independent samples. Multivariate analysis was performed with the multinomial logistic regression test, calculating the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals, with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. ROC curves established the cut-off points for moderate and high vascular age and determined the Youden index. RESULTS The mean values of the ECORE-BF scale were higher in individuals with atherogenic dyslipidemia and the lipid triad, as well as in those with elevated values of the three atherogenic indices studied, with p <0.001 in all cases. As atherogenic risk increased across the five evaluated scales, the prevalence of obesity also significantly increased, with p <0.001 in all cases. In the ROC curve analysis, the AUCs for atherogenic dyslipidemia and the lipid triad were above 0.75, indicating a good association between these scales and the ECORE-BF. Although the Youden indices were not exceedingly high, they were around 0.5. CONCLUSIONS There is a good association between atherogenic risk scales, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and lipid triad, and the ECORE-BF scale. The ECORE-BF scale can be a useful and quick tool to evaluate atherogenic risk in primary care and occupational medicine consultations without the need for blood tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marina Arroyo
- Research ADEMA SALUD Group, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (M.M.A.); (I.R.G.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.M.)
| | - Ignacio Ramírez Gallegos
- Research ADEMA SALUD Group, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (M.M.A.); (I.R.G.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.M.)
| | - Ángel Arturo López-González
- Research ADEMA SALUD Group, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (M.M.A.); (I.R.G.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.M.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, ADEMA University School, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IDISBA), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Health Service of the Balearic Islands, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - María Teófila Vicente-Herrero
- Research ADEMA SALUD Group, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (M.M.A.); (I.R.G.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.M.)
| | - Daniela Vallejos
- Research ADEMA SALUD Group, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (M.M.A.); (I.R.G.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.M.)
| | - Tomás Sastre-Alzamora
- Research ADEMA SALUD Group, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (M.M.A.); (I.R.G.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.M.)
| | - José Ignacio Ramírez Manent
- Research ADEMA SALUD Group, University Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain; (M.M.A.); (I.R.G.); (M.T.V.-H.); (D.V.); (T.S.-A.); (J.I.R.M.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IDISBA), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Health Service of the Balearic Islands, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07010 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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Chew EY, Burns SA, Abraham AG, Bakhoum MF, Beckman JA, Chui TYP, Finger RP, Frangi AF, Gottesman RF, Grant MB, Hanssen H, Lee CS, Meyer ML, Rizzoni D, Rudnicka AR, Schuman JS, Seidelmann SB, Tang WHW, Adhikari BB, Danthi N, Hong Y, Reid D, Shen GL, Oh YS. Standardization and clinical applications of retinal imaging biomarkers for cardiovascular disease: a Roadmap from an NHLBI workshop. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024:10.1038/s41569-024-01060-8. [PMID: 39039178 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The accessibility of the retina with the use of non-invasive and relatively low-cost ophthalmic imaging techniques and analytics provides a unique opportunity to improve the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of systemic diseases. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute conducted a workshop in October 2022 to examine this concept. On the basis of the discussions at that workshop, this Roadmap describes current knowledge gaps and new research opportunities to evaluate the relationships between the eye (in particular, retinal biomarkers) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, hypertension and vascular dementia. Identified gaps include the need to simplify and standardize the capture of high-quality images of the eye by non-ophthalmic health workers and to conduct longitudinal studies using multidisciplinary networks of diverse at-risk populations with improved implementation and methods to protect participant and dataset privacy. Other gaps include improving the measurement of structural and functional retinal biomarkers, determining the relationship between microvascular and macrovascular risk factors, improving multimodal imaging 'pipelines', and integrating advanced imaging with 'omics', lifestyle factors, primary care data and radiological reports, by using artificial intelligence technology to improve the identification of individual-level risk. Future research on retinal microvascular disease and retinal biomarkers might additionally provide insights into the temporal development of microvascular disease across other systemic vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Stephen A Burns
- School of Optometry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mathieu F Bakhoum
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Science and Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joshua A Beckman
- Division of Vascular Medicine, University of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Toco Y P Chui
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Finger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science (School of Health Sciences), Department of Computer Science (School of Engineering), University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Alabama Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle L Meyer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Damiano Rizzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alicja R Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara B Seidelmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Greenwich, CT, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bishow B Adhikari
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Narasimhan Danthi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuling Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane Reid
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Grace L Shen
- Retinal Diseases Program, Division of Extramural Science Programs, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Young S Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Singh P, Beyl RA, Marlatt KL, Ravussin E. Sleep Duration Alters Overfeeding-mediated Reduction in Insulin Sensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae466. [PMID: 39028757 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Weight gain and sleep restriction both reduce insulin sensitivity. However, it is not known if sleep duration alters glucose metabolism in response to overfeeding. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of sleep duration on overfeeding-mediated alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. METHODS Retrospective exploratory analysis of a longitudinal overfeeding study in healthy participants (n = 28, age: 26.9 ± 5.5 years, body mass index: 25.74 ± 2.45 kg/m2). After providing baseline study measures, participants were overfed 40% above weight maintenance calorie requirements for 8 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by a 2-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Baseline habitual sleep duration was estimated by accelerometry, and sleep groups were created based on median sleep duration (5.2 hours/night). RESULTS Overfeeding led to an average body weight gain of 7.3 ± .4 kg. Habitual sleep duration did not alter overfeeding-mediated body weight gain, fat gain, and fat distribution (all P > .15). Compared to participants with more sleep, fasting insulin (P = .01) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (P = .02) increased while fasting glucose remained unchanged (P = .68) with overfeeding in participants with shorter sleep duration. Glucose infusion rate during high insulin dose was reduced with overfeeding in participants with short sleep duration but not in participants with more sleep (P < .01). CONCLUSION Overfeeding mediated weight gain reduced liver, adipose, and whole-body insulin sensitivity prominently in individuals with short sleep duration but not in individuals with longer sleep duration. This suggests that promoting adequate sleep during short periods of overeating may prevent detrimental effects on glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Singh
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kara L Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Joseph NT, Peterson LM. The social status adversity and health in daily life moments study: ecological momentary assessment and ambulatory health assessments to examine meaning and mechanisms. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:402. [PMID: 39030651 PMCID: PMC11264941 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND African Americans and those of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are at disproportionate risk for hypertension- and cardiovascular-disease-related mortality relative to their counterparts. Progress in reducing these disparities is slowed by the facts that these disparities are difficult to mitigate in older adults and early origins of these disparities are poorly understood. The Social Status Adversity and Health in Daily Life Moments Study aims to precisely understand the proximal cognitive-emotional mechanisms by which unique social exposures disproportionately impacting these populations influence blood pressure (BP) parameters early in the lifespan and determine which individuals are more at risk. METHODS The study uses ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring to assess race- and SES-based factors as they manifest in daily life moments alongside simultaneously manifesting cognitive-emotional states and ABP. A sample of 270 healthy African Americans between the ages of 18 and 30 is being recruited to complete two periods of 2-day, 2-night hourly ABP monitoring alongside hourly EMA assessments of socioeconomic strain, unfair treatment, and neighborhood strain during the waking hours. ABP data will be used to calculate ecologically valid measures of BP reactivity, variability, and nocturnal dipping. Other measures include actigraphy equipment worn during the monitoring period and comprehensive assessment of behavioral and psychosocial risk and resilience factors. Multilevel and multiple linear regression analyses will examine which momentary social adversity exposures and cognitive-emotional reactions to these exposures are associated with worse BP parameters and for whom. DISCUSSION This is the first time that this research question is approached in this manner. The Social Status Adversity and Health in Daily Life Moments Study will identify the cognitive-emotional mechanisms by which the most impactful race- and SES-based exposures influence multiple BP parameters in African American emerging adults. Further, it will identify those most at risk for the health impacts of these exposures. Achievement of these aims will shape the field's ability to develop novel interventions targeting reduction of these exposures and modification of reactions to these exposures as well as attend to those subpopulations most needing intervention within the African American emerging adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataria T Joseph
- Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University, 24255 Pacific Coast Hwy, Malibu, CA, 90263, USA.
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Tang Y, Li X, Cheng H, Tan S, Ling Y, Ming WK, Lyu J. Braden score predicts 30-day mortality risk in patients with ischaemic stroke in the ICU: A retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database. Nurs Crit Care 2024. [PMID: 39030917 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischaemic stroke remains a significant global health challenge, associated with high mortality rates. While the Braden Scale is traditionally employed to assess pressure ulcer risk, its potential to predict mortality among the intensive care unit (ICU) patients with ischaemic stroke has not been thoroughly investigated. AIM/S This study evaluates the predictive value of the Braden Scale for 30-day mortality among patients with ischaemic stroke admitted to ICU. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective analysis of 4710 adult patients with ischaemic stroke from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. The association between the Braden Scale scores and 30-day mortality was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS Patients with Braden Scale scores ≤ 15.5 showed significantly higher 30-day mortality rates (p-value < 0.001; hazard ratio (HR): 2.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-2.53). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.71, demonstrating good predictive performance. Multivariate analysis confirmed the Braden Scale as an independent predictor of mortality, after adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The Braden Scale effectively identifies high-risk ischaemic stroke patients in ICU settings, endorsing its integration into routine assessments to facilitate early intervention strategies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Integrating the Braden Scale into routine ICU evaluations can enhance mortality risk stratification and improve patient care tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Tang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinya Li
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China
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Matasic DS, Zeitoun R, Fonarow GC, Razavi AC, Blumenthal RS, Gulati M. Advancements in Incident Heart Failure Risk Prediction and Screening Tools. Am J Cardiol 2024; 227:105-110. [PMID: 39029721 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States that carries substantial healthcare costs. Multiple risk prediction models and strategies have been developed over the past 30 years with the aim of identifying those at high risk of developing HF and of implementing preventive therapies effectively. This review highlights recent developments in HF risk prediction tools including emerging risk factors, innovative risk prediction models, and novel screening strategies from artificial intelligence to biomarkers. These developments allow more accurate prediction, but their impact on clinical outcomes remains to be investigated. Implementation of these risk models in clinical practice is a considerable challenge, but HF risk prediction tools offer a promising opportunity to improve outcomes while maintaining value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Matasic
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ralph Zeitoun
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexander C Razavi
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martha Gulati
- Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California.
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Hassan R, Ali M, Saha S, Akhter S, Amin MR. Geospatial variation in dietary patterns and their association with heart disease in Bangladeshi population: Evidence from a nationwide survey. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307507. [PMID: 39024333 PMCID: PMC11257343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a significant public health threat, and its burden is increasing worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that dietary pattern is a key modifiable factor for heart disease. Research regarding dietary patterns and heart disease in Bangladesh with their spatial variability is limited. In this study, the spatial variation and relationship between dietary patterns and heart disease among Bangladeshi people was investigated. The country-representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016 dataset was used, and a total of 77,207 participants aged 30 years and over were included. A principal component analysis was conducted to derive the dietary patterns. Both statistical and spatial analyses were performed. The overall prevalence of heart disease was 3.6%, with a variation of 0.6% to 10.4% across districts of Bangladesh. Three major dietary patterns, named "festival pattern", "pickles and fast foods pattern", and "rice and vegetable pattern" were identified, accounting for 25.2% of the total dietary variance. Both the dietary pattern and heart disease rate varied across the region. A higher risk of heart disease was persistent in the western-south, southern, central, and eastern regions, as was greater adherence to the "festival pattern" and "pickles and fast foods pattern." After adjusting for confounders, participants with the highest adherence to the "rice and vegetable pattern" were associated with a lower likelihood of developing heart disease (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64-0.95, p <0.05), while the highest adherence to the "pickles and fast foods pattern" was associated with a higher likelihood of developing heart disease (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.27-1.76, p <0.001). The spatial disparities in the prevalence of heart disease and dietary patterns underscore the significance of prioritizing intervention at the district level, especially in the western-south, southern, central, and eastern regions, to control the rising heart disease trends in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafid Hassan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Masum Ali
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjib Saha
- Department of Clinical Science (Malmö), Health Economics Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sadika Akhter
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Md. Ruhul Amin
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ebong IA, Quesada O, Fonkoue IT, Mattina D, Sullivan S, Oliveira GMMD, Spikes T, Sharma J, Commodore Y, Ogunniyi MO, Aggarwal NR, Vaccarino V. The Role of Psychosocial Stress on Cardiovascular Disease in Women: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 84:298-314. [PMID: 38986672 PMCID: PMC11328148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress can affect cardiovascular health through multiple pathways. Certain stressors, such as socioeconomic disadvantage, childhood adversity, intimate partner violence, and caregiving stress, are especially common among women. The consequences of stress begin at a young age and persist throughout the life course. This is especially true for women, among whom the burden of negative psychosocial experiences tends to be larger in young age and midlife. Menarche, pregnancy, and menopause can further exacerbate stress in vulnerable women. Not only is psychosocial adversity prevalent in women, but it could have more pronounced consequences for cardiovascular risk among women than among men. These differential effects could reside in sex differences in responses to stress, combined with women's propensity toward vasomotor reactivity, microvascular dysfunction, and inflammation. The bulk of evidence suggests that targeting stress could be an important strategy for cardiovascular risk reduction in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imo A Ebong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
| | - Odayme Quesada
- Women's Heart Center, Christ Hospital Heart and Vascular Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education, Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ida T Fonkoue
- Divisions of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deirdre Mattina
- Division of Regional Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Samaah Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Telisa Spikes
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yvonne Commodore
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Modele O Ogunniyi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Grady Health System, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Niti R Aggarwal
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Mansfield BS, Mohamed F, Larouche M, Raal FJ. The Hurdle of Access to Emerging Therapies and Potential Solutions in the Management of Dyslipidemias. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4160. [PMID: 39064199 PMCID: PMC11277596 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the many barriers to accessing lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) for the prevention and management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Geographical, knowledge, and regulatory barriers significantly impede access to LLTs, exacerbating disparities in healthcare infrastructure and affordability. We highlight the importance of policy reforms, including pricing regulations and reimbursement policies, for enhancing affordability and streamlining regulatory processes. Innovative funding models, such as value-based pricing and outcome-based payment arrangements, have been recommended to make novel LLTs more accessible. Public health interventions, including community-based programs and telemedicine, can be utilized to reach underserved populations and improve medication adherence. Education and advocacy initiatives led by patient advocacy groups and healthcare providers play a crucial role in raising awareness and empowering patients. Despite the barriers to access, novel LLTs present a big opportunity to reduce the burden of ASCVD, emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts among policymakers, healthcare providers, industry stakeholders, and patient advocacy groups to address these barriers to improve access to LLTs globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett S. Mansfield
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.S.M.); (F.M.)
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Farzahna Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.S.M.); (F.M.)
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Miriam Larouche
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal and ECOGENE-21, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Frederick J. Raal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (B.S.M.); (F.M.)
- Carbohydrate & Lipid Metabolism Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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Grant JK, Martin SS, Zhang S, Matsushita K, Virani SS, Blumenthal RS, Hoogeveen RC, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne CM, Coresh J, Ndumele CE. Racial Differences in the Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Related to Elevated Lipoprotein(a) Levels: The ARIC Study. Circulation 2024; 150:250-252. [PMID: 39008561 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelani K Grant
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., S.S.M., R.S.B., C.E.N.)
| | - Seth S Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., S.S.M., R.S.B., C.E.N.)
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., K.M., J.C., C.E.N.)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., S.Z., K.M., C.E.N.)
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., K.M., C.E.N.)
| | - Sui Zhang
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., S.Z., K.M., C.E.N.)
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., K.M., J.C., C.E.N.)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., S.Z., K.M., C.E.N.)
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., K.M., C.E.N.)
| | - Salim S Virani
- Office of the Vice Provost, Research, and Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan (S.S.V.)
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (S.S.V.)
- The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX (S.S.V., C.M.B.)
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., S.S.M., R.S.B., C.E.N.)
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.C.H., E.B., C.M.B.). Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.C.H., E.B., C.M.B.). Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX (S.S.V., C.M.B.)
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (R.C.H., E.B., C.M.B.). Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston
| | - Josef Coresh
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., K.M., J.C., C.E.N.)
| | - Chiadi E Ndumele
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (J.K.G., S.S.M., R.S.B., C.E.N.)
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., K.M., J.C., C.E.N.)
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., S.Z., K.M., C.E.N.)
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (S.S.M., K.M., C.E.N.)
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Zaman MA, Kalsoom S, Koran W. CSL112 and HDL function hypothesis - a never-ending wait. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2024:1-4. [PMID: 39007673 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2024.2378763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidra Kalsoom
- Cardiology Department, Mercy Health Saint Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Warsha Koran
- Internal Medicine Department, Conemaugh Health System, Johnstown, PA, USA
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Zhao S, Wang Z, Qing P, Li M, Liu Q, Pang X, Wang K, Gao X, Zhao J, Wu Y. Comprehensive analysis of the association between triglyceride-glucose index and coronary artery disease severity across different glucose metabolism states: a large-scale cross-sectional study from an Asian cohort. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:251. [PMID: 39003471 PMCID: PMC11245858 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is associated with the development and prognosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the impact of the TyG index on CAD severity across different glucose metabolism states exhibits significant disparities in previous research. METHODS This cross-sectional study comprised 10,433 participants from a prospective cohort. Participants were categorized into four groups based on glucose metabolism state: normal glucose regulation (NGR), prediabetes (pre-DM), diabetes mellitus (DM) without insulin prescribed (Rx), and DM with insulin Rx. The TyG index was determined by the following formula: Ln [TG (mg/dL) × FPG (mg/dL) / 2], where TG is triglycerides and FPG is fasting plasm glucose. Statistical methods such as binary logistic regression, interaction analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were employed to analyze the relationship between the TyG index and CAD severity across the entire population and glucose metabolism subgroups. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effects of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on these relationships. Sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the robustness of the findings. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between the TyG index and multi-vessel CAD in the entire population (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.22-1.47 per 1-unit increment). Subgroup analysis demonstrated consistent positive associations in the NGR, pre-DM, and DM non-insulin Rx groups, with the highest OR observed in the NGR group (OR: 1.67; 95% CI: 1.3-2.14 per 1-unit increment). No correlation was found in the DM with insulin Rx subgroup. RCS analyses indicated the distinct dose-response relationships across different glucose metabolism subgroups. Including the TyG index in the established model slightly improved the predictive accuracy, particularly in the NGR group. Mediation analyses showed varying mediating effects of HbA1c among different glucose metabolism subgroups. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the aforementioned relationships in the new-onset CAD population and in individuals not using antilipidemic medications. CONCLUSIONS The TyG index positively associated with CAD severity across all glucose metabolism states, except for individuals receiving insulin treatment. Moreover, it might serve as a supplementary noninvasive predictor of CAD severity in addition to established factors, especially in NGR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Qing
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingrong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejie Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Chinese PLA General Hospital, the First Medical Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Keke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, the Second Medical Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Gao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, 100037, Beijing, China.
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Zeng M, Sun E, Zhu L, Deng L. Influence of prediabetes on the prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:160. [PMID: 38997776 PMCID: PMC11241782 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies evaluating the association between prediabetes the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) showed inconsistent results. The aim of the meta-analysis was to compare the long-term incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) between AMI patients with prediabetes and normoglycemia. METHODS Relevant prospective cohort studies were obtained by searching Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases. Only studies with follow-up duration of at least one year were included. A random-effects model was utilized to pool the results by incorporating the influence of heterogeneity. RESULTS Twelve studies with 6972 patients with AMI were included. Among them, 2998 were with prediabetes and 3974 were with normoglycemia. During a mean follow-up of 52.6 months, 2100 patients developed MACEs. Compared to those with normoglycemia, AMI patients with prediabetes were associated with a higher incidence of MACEs (risk ratio [RR]: 1.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.58, p = 0.008; I2 = 67%). Subgroup analysis showed a stronger association between prediabetes and MACEs in studies of patients with mean age ≥ 60 years compared to < 60 years (RR: 1.66 versus 1.10, p for subgroup difference = 0.04), with proportion of men < 75% compared to ≥ 75% (RR: 1.87 versus 1.08, p for subgroup difference = 0.01), and in prediabetes evaluated at or after discharge compared to that evaluated within three days of AMI onset (RR: 1.39 versus 0.78, p for subgroup difference = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Prediabetes may be associated with a higher risk of MACEs in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, China
| | - Eyu Sun
- Directly Affiliated Government Kindergartens of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Chenzhou Hospital, University of South China, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Lingzhi Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chenzhou First People's Hospital of Hunan Province, No. 102, Luojiajing, Beihu District, Chenzhou, Hunan Province, 423000, China.
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Bulaj G, Coleman M, Johansen B, Kraft S, Lam W, Phillips K, Rohaj A. Redesigning Pharmacy to Improve Public Health Outcomes: Expanding Retail Spaces for Digital Therapeutics to Replace Consumer Products That Increase Mortality and Morbidity Risks. PHARMACY 2024; 12:107. [PMID: 39051391 PMCID: PMC11270305 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
United States healthcare outcomes, including avoidable mortality rates, are among the worst of high-income countries despite the highest healthcare spending per capita. While community pharmacies contribute to chronic disease management and preventive medicine, they also offer consumer products that increase mortality risks and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and depression. To resolve these contradictions, our perspective article describes opportunities for major pharmacy chains (e.g., CVS Pharmacy and Walgreens) to introduce digital health aisles dedicated to prescription and over-the-counter digital therapeutics (DTx), together with mobile apps and wearables that support disease self-management, wellness, and well-being. We provide an evidence-based rationale for digital health aisles to replace spaces devoted to sugar-sweetened beverages and other unhealthy commodities (alcohol, tobacco) that may increase risks for premature death. We discuss how digital health aisles can serve as marketing and patient education resources, informing customers about commercially available DTx and other technologies that support healthy lifestyles. Since pharmacy practice requires symbiotic balancing between profit margins and patient-centered, value-based care, replacing health-harming products with health-promoting technologies could positively impact prevention of chronic diseases, as well as the physical and mental health of patients and caregivers who visit neighborhood pharmacies in order to pick up medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Bulaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Melissa Coleman
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Blake Johansen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sarah Kraft
- Independent Researcher, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Wayne Lam
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Katie Phillips
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Aarushi Rohaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- The Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Wang Y, Lee JS, Pollack LM, Kumar A, Honeycutt S, Luo F. Health Care Expenditures and Use Associated with Hypertension Among U.S. Adults. Am J Prev Med 2024:S0749-3797(24)00228-9. [PMID: 39002890 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study seeks to estimate health care expenditures and use associated with hypertension, focusing on differences among racial and ethnic groups. METHODS Data were from the 2019 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, analyzed in 2023. The study sample included noninstitutionalized U.S. adults aged ≥18 years. Outcome variables were health care expenditures and events. Hypertension was determined by a self-reported diagnosis or diagnosis codes. Race and ethnicity were self-reported. A 2-part model was used to estimate expenditures associated with hypertension. A zero-inflated negative binomial model was used to estimate events associated with hypertension. Sampling designs were applied to generate nationally representative estimates. RESULTS Hypertension was associated with $2,759 (95% confidence interval [CI]: $2,039, $3,479) in health care expenditures and 10.3 (95% CI: 9.3, 11.3) health care events, including prescriptions filled, in 2019 per person. Compared with non-Hispanic White adults, hypertension-associated health care expenditures were significantly lower among Hispanic adults (difference: -$1,877; 95% CI: -$3,389, -$364) and Asian adults (difference: -$2,452; 95% CI: -$4,093, -$811), and hypertension-associated health care events were significantly lower among Hispanic adults (difference: -3.8; 95% CI: -6.1, -1.6) and non-Hispanic Asian adults (difference: -4.1; 95% CI: -6.9, -1.2). Differences between non-Hispanic White adults and non-Hispanic Black adults were not statistically significant in health care expenditures (difference: -$954; 95% CI: -$2,849, $941) and events (difference: 0.3; 95% CI: -2.1, 2.8). CONCLUSIONS This study reveals differences in health care expenditures and use associated with hypertension among racial and ethnic groups. Future studies are needed to examine potential drivers of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Division of Workforce Development, Public Health Infrastructure Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Science and Evaluation Team, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jun S Lee
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa M Pollack
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Bizzell US, New Carrollton, Maryland
| | - Sally Honeycutt
- Data Science and Evaluation Team, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas
| | - Feijun Luo
- Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Das BB. Unlocking the Potential: Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin and Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors for Right Ventricle Dysfunction in Heart Failure. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1112. [PMID: 39064541 PMCID: PMC11279219 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This review article examines the mechanism of action of Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitors (ARNIs) and Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2is) in managing chronic right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Despite advancements in heart failure (HF) treatment, RV dysfunction remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. This article explores the The article explores the impact of ARNIs and SGLT2is on RV function based on clinical and preclinical evidence, and the potential benefits of combined therapy. It highlights the need for further research to optimize patient outcomes and suggests that RV function should be considered in future clinical trials as part of risk stratification for HF therapies. This review underscores the importance of the early initiation of ARNIs and SGLT2is as per guideline-directed medical therapy for eligible HFrEF and HFpEF patients to improve co-existing RV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti B Das
- Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Wen Y, Yang H, Hong Y. Transcriptomic Approaches to Cardiomyocyte-Biomaterial Interactions: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4175-4194. [PMID: 38934720 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials, essential for supporting, enhancing, and repairing damaged tissues, play a critical role in various medical applications. This Review focuses on the interaction of biomaterials and cardiomyocytes, emphasizing the unique significance of transcriptomic approaches in understanding their interactions, which are pivotal in cardiac bioengineering and regenerative medicine. Transcriptomic approaches serve as powerful tools to investigate how cardiomyocytes respond to biomaterials, shedding light on the gene expression patterns, regulatory pathways, and cellular processes involved in these interactions. Emerging technologies such as bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, single-nucleus RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics offer promising avenues for more precise and in-depth investigations. Longitudinal studies, pathway analyses, and machine learning techniques further improve the ability to explore the complex regulatory mechanisms involved. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities of utilizing transcriptomic techniques in cardiomyocyte-biomaterial research. Although there are ongoing challenges such as costs, cell size limitation, sample differences, and complex analytical process, there exist exciting prospects in comprehensive gene expression analyses, biomaterial design, cardiac disease treatment, and drug testing. These multimodal methodologies have the capacity to deepen our understanding of the intricate interaction network between cardiomyocytes and biomaterials, potentially revolutionizing cardiac research with the aim of promoting heart health, and they are also promising for studying interactions between biomaterials and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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Wen J, Li L, Yang Y, Ou D, Yang J, Xie J, Du W, Tong Y. Phytochemicals targeting ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Recent advances and therapeutic perspectives. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 38973263 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulatory cell death that is related to the pathogenesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. This makes it a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. It is interesting that a significant number of cardiovascular disease treatment drugs derived from phytochemicals have been shown to target ferroptosis, thus producing cardioprotective effects. This study offers a concise overview of the initiation and control mechanisms of ferroptosis. It discusses the core regulatory factors of ferroptosis as potential new therapeutic targets for various cardiovascular diseases, elucidating how ferroptosis influences the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, this review systematically summarizes the regulatory effects of phytochemicals on ferroptosis, emphasizing their potential mechanisms and clinical applications in treating cardiovascular diseases. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals in treating cardiovascular diseases. This may accelerate their application in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and is worth further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Wen
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Chongqing Joint Construction of Specialty Food, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Chongqing Joint Construction of Specialty Food, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Chongqing Joint Construction of Specialty Food, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dinglin Ou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Chongqing Joint Construction of Specialty Food, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Chongqing Joint Construction of Specialty Food, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiachen Xie
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Chongqing Joint Construction of Specialty Food, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenya Du
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Chongqing Joint Construction of Specialty Food, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Tong
- School of Medicine and Food, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China
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Fan F, Liang Z, Liu Z, Sun P, Hu L, Jia J, Zhang Y, Li J. Association Between Serine Concentration and Coronary Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:2955-2965. [PMID: 39006911 PMCID: PMC11244634 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s467320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Early identification of new residual risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) is warranted. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between the serine concentration, an important amino acid in one-carbon metabolism, and CHD in Chinese hospitalized patients. Patients and Methods This case-control study included 428 case-control pairs comprising patients with CHD with a maximum coronary artery stenosis degree of >70% and controls with stenosis of <30%. The individuals were matched by age, sex, and date of coronary angiography at Peking University First Hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between the serine concentration and CHD. Results Patients with CHD were aged 63.48 ± 10.38 years, and 43.73% were male. Compared with controls, patients with CHD had a slightly lower serine concentration (13.35 ± 4.20 vs 13.77 ± 4.08 μg/mL), but the difference was not significant. In the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis, for every 1 μg/mL increase in serine concentration, the odds of CHD decreased by 6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90-0.99; P = 0.010). Patients with a serine concentration of ≥13.41 μg/mL had a lower CHD risk than those with a serine concentration of <13.41 μg/mL (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.84; P = 0.004). Subgroup analyses showed that sex interacted with the relationship between serine concentration and CHD (P interaction = 0.039), which was more significant in males (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.98; P = 0.013) than in females. Conclusion This study observed an inverse association between the serine concentration and CHD prevalence in Chinese hospitalized patients, which revealed that serine might play a protective role in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Yun S, Oh J, Chu H, Park D, Leem J. Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies on the Efficacy and Mechanisms of Herbal Medicines in Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1101. [PMID: 39064530 PMCID: PMC11278938 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60071101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains a significant burden. Traditional herbal medicines have shown cardioprotective effects in treating HFrEF. However, the implications of herbal formulation considering the dynamic immunohistological changes in the myocardium following acute ischemic injury have been insufficiently discussed. This review investigated the efficacy and mechanisms reported in studies using rat or mouse models of HFrEF induced by left descending coronary artery ligation. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases. Information was extracted regarding study characteristics, disease model induction protocols, intervention characteristics, treatment protocols, outcomes, and suggested mechanisms. Hierarchical cluster analysis of test drugs was performed based on constituent herb similarities. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation RoB tool. Results: Overall, 26 studies met the eligibility criteria. HF model induction periods after LADCA ligation ranged from 1 day to 12 weeks. Most studies administered the test drug for four weeks. Commonly used herbs included Panax ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Carthamus tinctorius, and Lepidium apetalum, which demonstrated anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects through various signaling pathways. The overall RoB was relatively high. No significant association was found between model induction periods and herbal formulations or examined mechanisms. Conclusions: Future research should consider the time-dependent immunohistological features of the myocardium during HF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeong Yun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University Jeonju Korean Medicine Hospital, 99 Garyeonsan-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54887, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jieun Oh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University Jeonju Korean Medicine Hospital, 99 Garyeonsan-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54887, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hongmin Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neuroscience, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dasol Park
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Department of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine Clinical Research Institute, Wonkwang University Korean Medicine Hospital, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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