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Edwards L, Thomas KR, Weigand AJ, Edmonds EC, Clark AL, Brenner EK, Banks SJ, Gilbert PE, Nation DA, Delano-Wood L, Bondi MW, Bangen KJ. Pulse pressure and APOE ε4 dose interact to affect cerebral blood flow in older adults without dementia. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 6:100206. [PMID: 38328026 PMCID: PMC10847851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed whether the effect of vascular risk on cerebral blood flow (CBF) varies by gene dose of apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 alleles. 144 older adults without dementia from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative underwent arterial spin labeling and T1-weighted MRI, APOE genotyping, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), lumbar puncture, and blood pressure (BP) assessment. Vascular risk was assessed using pulse pressure (systolic BP - diastolic BP). CBF was examined in six AD-vulnerable regions: entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, inferior temporal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, rostral middle frontal gyrus, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Linear regressions tested the interaction between APOE ε4 dose and pulse pressure on CBF in each region, adjusting for age, sex, cognitive classification, antihypertensive medication use, FDG-PET, reference CBF region, and AD biomarker positivity. There was a significant interaction between pulse pressure and APOE ɛ4 dose on CBF in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and inferior parietal cortex, such that higher pulse pressure was associated with lower CBF only among ε4 homozygous participants. These findings demonstrate that the association between pulse pressure and regional CBF differs by APOE ε4 dose, suggesting that targeting modifiable vascular risk factors may be particularly important for those genetically at risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Edwards
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey R. Thomas
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Weigand
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily C. Edmonds
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Einat K. Brenner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Gilbert
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A. Nation
- Department of Psychology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark W. Bondi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine J. Bangen
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Nuinoon M, Saiphak W, Nawaka N, Rattanawan C, Pussadhamma B, Jeenduang N. Association of CELSR2, APOB100, ABCG5/8, LDLR, and APOE polymorphisms and their genetic risks with lipids among the Thai subjects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103554. [PMID: 36619676 PMCID: PMC9812717 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercholesterolemia is a common cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of CELSR2 (rs629301), APOB100 (rs1367117), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), LDLR (rs6511720), and APOE (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphisms, and their genetic risk scores with lipids among Thai subjects. Methods A total of 459 study subjects (184 males, and 275 females) were enrolled. Blood pressure, serum lipids, and fasting blood sugar were measured. CELSR2 (rs629301), APOB100 (rs1367117), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), and LDLR (rs6511720) polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-HRM. APOE (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphism was analyzed using PCR-RFLP. Results Total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly higher in APOB100 AA genotype compared with GG, or AA + AG genotypes in total subjects. In addition, significantly higher concentrations of TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were observed in APOE4 carriers compared to APOE2 carriers in total subjects, males, and females. The significantly higher concentrations of TC were observed in APOE4 carriers compared to APOE3 carriers in females. Moreover, the concentrations of TC, and LDL-C were significantly increased with genetic risk scores of APOB100, and APOE polymorphisms in total subjects, and females. There was no association between CELSR2 (rs629301), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), and LDLR (rs6511720) polymorphisms and serum lipids. Conclusion APOB100 (rs1367117), and APOE (rs429358, rs7412) but not CELSR2 (rs629301), ABCG5/8 (rs6544713), and LDLR (rs6511720) polymorphisms were associated with serum lipids. The cumulative risk alleles of APOB100 (rs1367117), and APOE (rs429358, rs7412) polymorphisms could enhance the elevated concentrations of TC, and LDL-C, and they may be used to predict severity of hypercholesterolemia among Thai subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manit Nuinoon
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Wutthichai Saiphak
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nantiya Nawaka
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chutima Rattanawan
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Hematology and Transfusion Science Research Center, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Burabha Pussadhamma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand,Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nutjaree Jeenduang
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand,Corresponding author at: School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
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3
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Pan-Lizcano R, Mariñas-Pardo L, Núñez L, Rebollal-Leal F, López-Vázquez D, Pereira A, Molina-Nieto A, Calviño R, Vázquez-Rodríguez JM, Hermida-Prieto M. Rare Variants in Genes of the Cholesterol Pathway Are Present in 60% of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416127. [PMID: 36555767 PMCID: PMC9786046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a pandemic in which conventional risk factors are inadequate to detect who is at risk early in the asymptomatic stage. Although gene variants in genes related to cholesterol, which may increase the risk of AMI, have been identified, no studies have systematically screened the genes involved in this pathway. In this study, we included 105 patients diagnosed with AMI with an elevation of the ST segment (STEMI) and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Using next-generation sequencing, we examined the presence of rare variants in 40 genes proposed to be involved in lipid metabolism and we found that 60% of AMI patients had a rare variant in the genes involved in the cholesterol pathway. Our data show the importance of considering the wide scope of the cholesterol pathway in order to assess the genetic risk related to AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pan-Lizcano
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Mariñas-Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, GRINCAR Research Group, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-178-150
| | - Fernando Rebollal-Leal
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Domingo López-Vázquez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Pereira
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Molina-Nieto
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Calviño
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hermida-Prieto
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
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4
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Tirdea C, Hostiuc S, Moldovan H, Scafa-Udriste A. Identification of Risk Genes Associated with Myocardial Infarction-Big Data Analysis and Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315008. [PMID: 36499335 PMCID: PMC9738549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction occurs when blood supply to a particular coronary artery is cut off, causing ischemia or hypoxia and subsequent heart muscle destruction in the vascularized area. With a mortality rate of 17% per year, myocardial infarction (MI) is still one of the top causes of death globally. Numerous studies have been done to identify the genetic risk factors for myocardial infarction, as a positive family history of heart disease is one of the most potent cardiovascular risk factors. The goal of this review is to compile all the information currently accessible in the literature on the genes associated with AMI. We performed a big data analysis of genes associated with acute myocardial infarction, using the following keywords: "myocardial infarction", "genes", "involvement", "association", and "risk". The analysis was done using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data from the title, abstract, and keywords were exported as text files and imported into an Excel spreadsheet. Its analysis was carried out using the VOSviewer v. 1.6.18 software. Our analysis found 28 genes which are mostly likely associated with an increased risk for AMI, including: PAI-1, CX37, IL18, and others. Also, a correlation was made between the results obtained in the big data analysis and the results of the review. The most important genes increasing the risk for AMI are lymphotoxin-a gene (LTA), LGALS2, LDLR, and APOA5. A deeper understanding of the underlying functional genomic circuits may present new opportunities for research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Tirdea
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Stomatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Stomatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-723-791-072
| | - Horatiu Moldovan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriste
- Clinical Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
- Department Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Coronary artery disease in South Asian patients: cardiovascular risk factors, pathogenesis and treatments. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022:101228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Sandri M, Kirsch K, Erbs S, Thiele H. Candidate genes in coronary syndromes: seeing the bigger picture. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 28:e12-e13. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487320934262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Sandri
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Kirsch
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Erbs
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Eglit GML, Elman JA, Panizzon MS, Sanderson-Cimino M, Williams ME, Dale AM, Eyler LT, Fennema-Notestine C, Gillespie NA, Gustavson DE, Hatton SN, Hagler DJ, Hauger RL, Jak AJ, Logue MW, McEvoy LK, McKenzie RE, Neale MC, Puckett O, Reynolds CA, Toomey R, Tu XM, Whitsel N, Xian H, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Kremen WS. Paradoxical cognitive trajectories in men from earlier to later adulthood. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 109:229-238. [PMID: 34785406 PMCID: PMC8715388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Because longitudinal studies of aging typically lack cognitive data from earlier ages, it is unclear how general cognitive ability (GCA) changes throughout the life course. In 1173 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) participants, we assessed young adult GCA at average age 20 and current GCA at 3 VETSA assessments beginning at average age 56. The same GCA index was used throughout. Higher young adult GCA and better GCA maintenance were associated with stronger specific cognitive abilities from age 51 to 73. Given equivalent GCA at age 56, individuals who had higher age 20 GCA outperformed those whose GCA remained stable in terms of memory, executive function, and working memory abilities from age 51 to 73. Thus, paradoxically, despite poorer maintenance of GCA, high young adult GCA still conferred benefits. Advanced predicted brain age and the combination of elevated vascular burden and APOE-ε4 status were associated with poorer maintenance of GCA. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between peak and current GCA for greater understanding of cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham M L Eglit
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jeremy A Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mathew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Sanderson-Cimino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - McKenna E Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Daniel E Gustavson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Hauger
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amy J Jak
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Psychiatry and Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruth E McKenzie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; School of Education and Social Policy, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Olivia Puckett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rosemary Toomey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin M Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Whitsel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hong Xian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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8
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Kononov S, Mal G, Azarova I, Klyosova E, Bykanova M, Churnosov M, Polonikov A. Pharmacogenetic loci for rosuvastatin are associated with intima-media thickness change and coronary artery disease risk. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 23:15-34. [PMID: 34905955 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Polymorphisms at LPA, LDLR, APOE, APOC1, MYLIP and ABCG2 are attractive targets for assessment of their impact on lipid-lowering therapy with rosuvastatin. The present study investigated whether polymorphisms at these genes are associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) development, and reduction of atherogenic lipids and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in CAD patients, taking rosuvastatin. Materials & methods: 190 CAD patients and 1697 subjects were enrolled in pharmacogenetic and genetic association study, respectively. SNP genotyping was done using the MassARRAY-4 system. Results: MYLIP rs6924995, rs3757354, APOC1 rs445925, LDLR rs6511720, APOE rs7412, ABCG2 rs2199936, rs1481012 variants were significantly associated with CAD susceptibility (p = 0.016, 0.0003, <0.0001, <0.0001, 0.013, 0.016, 0.0035, respectively), as well as with CIMT regression (except ABCG2 variants; p = 0.05, 0.039, 0.039, 0.016, 0.0065), and changes in plasma lipids during rosuvastatin therapy. Conclusion: The studied polymorphisms possess pleiotropic effects on plasma lipids and CIMT, CAD susceptibility, and determine lipid-lowering response to rosuvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kononov
- Department of Internal Medicine N 2, Kursk State Medical University, 14 Pirogova St., Kursk 305035, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Mal
- Department of Pharmacology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics & Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041,, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics & Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041,, Russian Federation.,Department of Biology, Medical Genetics & Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Bykanova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics & Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobeda St., Belgorod 308015, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics & Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Statistical Genetics & Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russian Federation
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9
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Han Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Chen G, Cao L, Xin Y. Association of LDLR rs1433099 with the Risk of NAFLD and CVD in Chinese Han Population. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:203-209. [PMID: 34007802 PMCID: PMC8111099 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Recent genome-wide association studies have shown that low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) rs1433099 polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in many countries. However, the association of LDLR rs1433099 with CVD in China has not been reported yet. There are no studies on LDLR rs1433099 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LDLR rs1433099 is related to CVD or NAFLD in the Chinese population. METHODS LDLR rs1433099 polymorphism was genotyped in 507 individuals, including 140 healthy controls, 79 NAFLD patients, 185 CVD patients, and 103 patients with NAFLD combined with CVD. The expression of LDLR was tested by the sequence detection system, and clinical parameters were assessed by biochemical tests and physical examination. RESULTS The genotype distribution of LDLR rs1433099 was not statistically different among the NAFLD group, the CVD group, the combined group, and the healthy control group (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation of LDLR rs1433099 genotypic distribution or allele frequency and the risk of NAFLD, CVD or NAFLD combined with CVD (p>0.05). In the CVD group, T allele carriers had higher alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase than non-carriers (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the LDLR rs1433099 polymorphism is not a risk factor of NAFLD. The LDLR rs1433099 polymorphism may increase the risk of CVD through a mechanism involving alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongshuo Zhang
- Administrative Management Office, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Correspondence to: Yongning Xin, Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, China. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-7655. Tel: +86-532-82789463, Fax: +86-532-85968434, E-mail:
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Roberts R, Chang CC. A Journey through Genetic Architecture and Predisposition of Coronary Artery Disease. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:382-398. [PMID: 33093801 PMCID: PMC7536803 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200630145241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To halt the spread of coronary artery disease (CAD), the number one killer in the world, requires primary prevention. Fifty percent of all Americans are expected to experience a cardiac event; the challenge is identifying those at risk. 40 to 60% of predisposition to CAD is genetic. The first genetic risk variant, 9p21, was discovered in 2007. Genome-Wide Association Studies has since discovered hundreds of genetic risk variants. The genetic burden for CAD can be expressed as a single number, Genetic Risk Score (GRS). Assessment of GRS to risk stratify for CAD was superior to conventional risk factors in several large clinical trials assessing statin therapy, and more recently in a population of nearly 500,000 (UK Biobank). Studies were performed based on prospective genetic risk stratification for CAD. These studies showed that a favorable lifestyle was associated with a 46% reduction in cardiac events and programmed exercise, a 50% reduction in cardiac events. Genetic risk score is superior to conventional risk factors, and is markedly attenuated by lifestyle changes and drug therapy. Genetic risk can be determined at birth or any time thereafter. Conclusion Utilizing the GRS to risk stratify young, asymptomatic individuals could provide a paradigm shift in the primary prevention of CAD and significantly halt its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- 1Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 2Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chih Chao Chang
- 1Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA; 2Cardiovascular Genomics & Genetics, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Vasudev R, Shah P, Patel J, Naranjo M, Hosein K, Rampal U, Patel H, Bu J, Roy J, Guragai N, Bhandari P, Virk H, Shamoon F, Bikkina M. Should Bangladeshi Race Be Considered as an Independent Risk Factor for Multi Vessel Coronary Artery Disease? Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:143-147. [PMID: 32341647 PMCID: PMC7166067 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s233303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) continues to be on the rise not only in the Western developed world but also affecting the South Asian race, particularly Bangladeshis. The objectives of this study were as follows: To determine whether or not risk factors of Bangladeshis differ from non-Bangladeshis, whether there is any difference in the extent of CAD for both groups, and if there are risk factors that can significantly affect the extent of CAD. Methods All patients with a diagnosis of CAD admitted to our 800-bed tertiary care hospital between January 2001 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. We reviewed the age, sex, body-mass index (BMI), cardiac risk factors such as family history of CAD, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and smoking. We also reviewed coronary angiographic findings of these consecutive 150 Bangladeshis and a randomly selected group of 193 non-Bangladeshis. Results A total of 343 medical records were evaluated, this included two groups: 193 non-Bangladeshis and 150 Bangladeshi subjects. The Bangladeshi group was older than the non-Bangladeshi group (63.49 vs 59.22, p-value=0.001), and included a larger proportion of males than the non-Bangladeshi group (28.7% vs 15.68%, p-value=0.0116). Bangladeshi subjects are more likely to be smokers than non-Bangladeshi (11.75% vs 6.67%, χ2=12.7, p-value=0.0004). Non-obstructive, 1-vessel, 2-vessel and 3-vessel accounts for 13.33%, 36.67%, 22%, and 28% for Bangladeshis, and 16.39%, 20.77% 34.43% and 28.42% for non-Bangladeshis, respectively. The difference of extent of CAD is significant between two groups (χ2 =12.397, p-value=0.0061). The findings suggest that Bangladeshi ethnicity has almost 2 times the likelihood of having 1-vessel CAD at coronary angiography (OR=2.361, 95% CI 1.452-3.839, p=0.0005). Conclusion This study is a pivotal starting point for further evaluating the link between Bangladeshis and CAD. In our study we found that being Bangladeshi increases the risk of having CAD and may be an independent risk factor for multi-vessel CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vasudev
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Priyank Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, GA, USA
| | - Jaimy Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, St Michel Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Naranjo
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Kevin Hosein
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Upamanyu Rampal
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Hiten Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Campbell University, Fayetteville, NC, USA
| | - Jingnan Bu
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Justin Roy
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Nirmal Guragai
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Pragya Bhandari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Hartaj Virk
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Fayez Shamoon
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | - Mahesh Bikkina
- Department of Cardiology, St Joseph Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
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Belloy ME, Napolioni V, Greicius MD. A Quarter Century of APOE and Alzheimer's Disease: Progress to Date and the Path Forward. Neuron 2019; 101:820-838. [PMID: 30844401 PMCID: PMC6407643 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a polygenic disorder. This view is clouded, however, by lingering uncertainty over how to treat the quasi "monogenic" role of apolipoprotein E (APOE). The APOE4 allele is not only the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, it also affects risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, and other neurodegenerative disorders. This review, based mostly on data from human studies, ranges across a variety of APOE-related pathologies, touching on evolutionary genetics and risk mitigation by ethnicity and sex. The authors also address one of the most fundamental question pertaining to APOE4 and AD: does APOE4 increase AD risk via a loss or gain of function? The answer will be of the utmost importance in guiding future research in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël E Belloy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, FIND Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, FIND Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, FIND Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease (CHD), are epidemic in India. The Registrar General of India reported that CHD led to 17% of total deaths and 26% of adult deaths in 2001-2003, which increased to 23% of total and 32% of adult deaths in 2010-2013. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Global Burden of Disease Study also have highlighted increasing trends in years of life lost (YLLs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from CHD in India. In India, studies have reported increasing CHD prevalence over the last 60 years, from 1% to 9%-10% in urban populations and <1% to 4%-6% in rural populations. Using more stringent criteria (clinical ± Q waves), the prevalence varies from 1%-2% in rural populations and 2%-4% in urban populations. This may be a more realistic prevalence of CHD in India. Case-control studies have reported that important risk factors for CHD in India are dyslipidemias, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, abdominal obesity, psychosocial stress, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. Suitable preventive strategies are required to combat this epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Gupta
- Academic and Research Development Unit, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India.
| | - Indu Mohan
- Department of Community Medicine, RUHS College of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Jagat Narula
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Apolipoprotein E: the resilience gene. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1853-1859. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Das A, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Lima JAC, Freedman JE, Spahillari A, Das R, Das S, Shah RV, Murthy VL. Cardiometabolic disease in South Asians: A global health concern in an expanding population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:32-40. [PMID: 27612985 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. As an emerging population, South Asians (SAs) bear a disproportionately high burden of CVD relative to underlying classical risk factors, partly attributable to a greater prevalence of insulin resistance and diabetes and distinct genetic and epigenetic influences. While the phenotypic distinctions between SAs and other ethnicities in CVD risk are becoming increasingly clear, the biology of these conditions remains an area of active investigation, with emerging studies involving metabolism, genetic variation and epigenetic modifiers (e.g., extracellular RNA). In this review, we describe the current literature on prevalence, prognosis and CVD risk in SAs, and provide a landscape of translational research in this field toward ameliorating CVD risk in SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Das
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Ambale-Venkatesh
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J A C Lima
- Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - J E Freedman
- Department of Cardiology, UMass Memorial Health Care, MA, USA
| | - A Spahillari
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Das
- The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - S Das
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R V Shah
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - V L Murthy
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Cheema AN, Rosenthal SL, Ilyas Kamboh M. Proficiency of data interpretation: identification of signaling SNPs/specific loci for coronary artery disease. Database (Oxford) 2017; 2017:4583484. [PMID: 29220472 PMCID: PMC5737196 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Database URLs http://www.regulomedb.org/;https://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/snap/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma N Cheema
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Pathology, University Medical & Dental College, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan and
| | | | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Fairoozy RH, White J, Palmen J, Kalea AZ, Humphries SE. Identification of the Functional Variant(s) that Explain the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) GWAS SNP rs6511720 Association with Lower LDL-C and Risk of CHD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167676. [PMID: 27973560 PMCID: PMC5156384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) SNP rs6511720 (G>T), located in intron-1 of the gene, has been identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) as being associated with lower plasma levels of LDL-C and a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Whether or not rs6511720 is itself functional or a marker for a functional variant elsewhere in the gene is not known. Methods The association of LDLR SNP rs6511720 with incidence of CHD and levels of LDL-C was determined by reference to CARDIoGRAM, C4D and Global lipids genetics consortium (GLGC) data. SNP annotation databases were used to identify possible SNP function and prioritization. Luciferase reporter assays in the liver cell line Huh7 were used to measure the effect of variant genotype on gene expression. Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSAs) were used to identify the Transcription Factors (TFs) involved in gene expression regulation. Results The phenotype-genotype analysis showed that the rs6511720 minor allele is associated with lower level of LDL-C [beta = -0.2209, p = 3.85 x10-262], and lower risk of CHD [log (OR) = 0.1155, p = 1.04 x10-7]. Rs6511720 is in complete linkage. Rs6511720 is in complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) with three intron-1 SNPs (rs141787760, rs60173709, rs57217136). Luciferase reporter assays in Huh7 cells showed that the rare alleles of both rs6511720 and rs57217136 caused a significant increase in LDLR expression compared to the common alleles (+29% and +24%, respectively). Multiplex Competitor-EMSAs (MC-EMSA) identified that the transcription factor serum response element (SRE) binds to rs6511720, while retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) bind to rs57217136. Conclusion Both LDLR rs6511720 and rs57217136 are functional variants. Both these minor alleles create enhancer-binding protein sites for TFs and may contribute to increased LDLR expression, which is consequently associated with reduced LDL-C levels and 12% lower CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa Hani Fairoozy
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jon White
- University College London Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Environment and Evolution, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jutta Palmen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve E. Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Wang YL, Sun LM, Zhang L, Xu HT, Dong Z, Wang LQ, Wang ML. Association between Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and myocardial infarction risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:852-8. [PMID: 26636027 PMCID: PMC4637359 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Published data regarding the association between Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genetic variation and myocardial infarction (MI) risk were not always consistent. Therefore, the current meta-analysis was conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between ApoE polymorphism and MI risk. PubMed and Web of Science were searched to identify relevant studies. Summary odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect or fixed-effect models based on the heterogeneity of included studies. All the tests were performed using Stata 11.0. A total of 22 eligible studies were identified in this meta-analysis. The results show that ApoE ε2 and ε4 alleles were associated with MI risk. The study suggests that there is close association between ApoE polymorphism and MI risk. It shows that ApoE ε2 allele is a protective factor of MI, while ε4 allele is a risk factor of MI, especially in Caucasian and Asian population. Nevertheless, well-designed, unbiased and larger sample size studies are required to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Li-Ming Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Luo-Qing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, China
| | - Ming-Lang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222006, China
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Arbour L, Asuri S, Whittome B, Polanco F, Hegele RA. The Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease in Canadian and International Aboriginal Populations. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:1094-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Ahmed E, El-Menyar A. Management of Coronary Artery Disease in South Asian Populations: Why and How to Prevent and Treat Differently. Angiology 2015; 67:212-23. [PMID: 25969568 DOI: 10.1177/0003319715585663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The South Asian (SA) population constitutes one of the largest ethnic groups in the world. Several studies that compared host and migrant populations around the world indicate that SAs have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than their native-born counterparts. Herein, we review the literature to address the role of the screening tools, scoring systems, and guidelines for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in these populations. Management based on screening for the CVD risk factors in a high-risk population such as SAs can improve health care outcomes. There are many scoring tools for calculating 10-year CVD risk; however, each scoring system has its limitations in this particular ethnicity. Further work is needed to establish a unique scoring and guidelines in SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Ahmed
- Department of Adult Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar Department of Cardiology, National Heart Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, Qatar Clinical Research, Trauma Section, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Qatar Internal Medicine, Cardiology Section, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Egypt
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Arasaratnam P, Ayoub C, Ruddy TD. Canadian Multiethnicity—Differences in Coronary Artery Disease Prevalence and Progression and Relevance to Cardiac Imaging. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-014-9314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roberts R. A genetic basis for coronary artery disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:171-8. [PMID: 25453988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CAD and cancer account for over one-half of all deaths in the world. It is claimed that the 21st century is the last century for CAD. This is, in part, because CAD is preventable based on randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, which show modifying known risk factors such as cholesterol is associated consistently with 40-60% reduction in morbidity and mortality from CAD. Comprehensive prevention will require modifying genetic risk factors that are claimed to account for 40-60% of predisposition to CAD. The 21st century is meeting this challenge with over 50 genetic risk variants discovered and replicated in large genome-wide association studies involving over 200,000 cases and controls. Similarly, 157 genetic variants have been discovered that regulate plasma lipids including, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. A major finding from these studies is that only 15 of the 50 genetic variants for CAD act through known risk factors. Hence, the pathogenesis of CAD in addition to cholesterol and other known risk factors is due to various other factors, many of which remain unknown. Secondly, genes regulating the plasma triglyceride levels are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of CAD. Thirdly, Mendelian randomization studies show no protection from genes that increase plasma HDL cholesterol. This is contrary to current opinion. These genetic risk variants have provided new targets for the development of novel therapies to prevent CAD. Already a new and potent drug has been developed targeting PCSK9, which is in phase 3 clinical trials and shows great efficacy and safety for prevention of CAD. The 21st century is looking very bright for the prevention of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ruddy Canadian Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Roberts
- From the Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Lopez MF, Krastins B, Ning M. The role of apolipoprotein E in neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:371-81. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.901892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hellwege JN, Palmer ND, Raffield LM, Ng MCY, Hawkins GA, Long J, Lorenzo C, Norris JM, Ida Chen YD, Speliotes EK, Rotter JI, Langefeld CD, Wagenknecht LE, Bowden DW. Genome-wide family-based linkage analysis of exome chip variants and cardiometabolic risk. Genet Epidemiol 2014; 38:345-52. [PMID: 24719370 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Linkage analysis of complex traits has had limited success in identifying trait-influencing loci. Recently, coding variants have been implicated as the basis for some biomedical associations. We tested whether coding variants are the basis for linkage peaks of complex traits in 42 African-American (n = 596) and 90 Hispanic (n = 1,414) families in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS) using Illumina HumanExome Beadchips. A total of 92,157 variants in African Americans (34%) and 81,559 (31%) in Hispanics were polymorphic and tested using two-point linkage and association analyses with 37 cardiometabolic phenotypes. In African Americans 77 LOD scores greater than 3 were observed. The highest LOD score was 4.91 with the APOE SNP rs7412 (MAF = 0.13) with plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB). This SNP was associated with ApoB (P-value = 4 × 10(-19)) and accounted for 16.2% of the variance in African Americans. In Hispanic families, 104 LOD scores were greater than 3. The strongest evidence of linkage (LOD = 4.29) was with rs5882 (MAF = 0.46) in CETP with HDL. CETP variants were strongly associated with HDL (0.00049 < P-value <4.6 × 10(-12)), accounting for up to 4.5% of the variance. These loci have previously been shown to have effects on the biomedical traits evaluated here. Thus, evidence of strong linkage in this genome wide survey of primarily coding variants was uncommon. Loci with strong evidence of linkage was characterized by large contributions to the variance, and, in these cases, are common variants. Less compelling evidence of linkage and association was observed with additional loci that may require larger family sets to confirm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America; Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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Bailey SD, Xie C, Paré G, Montpetit A, Mohan V, Yusuf S, Gerstein H, Engert JC, Anand SS. Variation at the DPP4 locus influences apolipoprotein B levels in South Asians and exhibits heterogeneity in Europeans related to BMI. Diabetologia 2014; 57:738-45. [PMID: 24362726 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Dyslipidaemia, a common feature of type 2 diabetes, is characterised by an increase in atherogenic particles, quantifiable through apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels. Genetic studies of lipid levels have focused on Europeans; a study in South Asians could identify novel genes. METHODS We tested 31,739 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from ∼ 2,000 genes in 2,573 South Asians from the epidemiological arm of the Diabetes Reduction Assessment with Ramipril and Rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study (EpiDREAM) for association with ApoB and we tested two novel associations for replication in 1,181 South Asians from the INTERHEART case-control study. RESULTS The SNP, rs4664443, within DPP4 was associated with ApoB (p = 7.98 × 10(-5)) in EpiDREAM. The observed association was replicated in the INTERHEART South Asians (one-sided p = 9.65 × 10(-3); combined two-sided p = 4.68 × 10(-6)). The rs4664443 SNP was not associated with ApoB among five other EpiDREAM ethnicities. However, because South Asians had a significantly lower mean BMI compared with other EpiDREAM ethnicities, we tested for and found an interaction between rs4664443 and BMI for ApoB among the Europeans, the largest subgroup in EpiDREAM (p = 4.14 × 10(-3) for interaction), observing an association with ApoB in Europeans with a BMI <25 kg/m(2) (p = 2.35 × 10(-3)), but not with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) (p = 0.21). The association between rs4664443 and ApoB among all EpiDREAM individuals with BMI <25 kg/m(2) was significant (n = 2,972; p = 1.44 × 10(-5)) compared with those with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) (n = 11,559; p = 0.81), and there was evidence of association among all genotyped individuals with a BMI <25 kg/m(2), including the INTERHEART South Asians (n = 3,601; p = 9.52 × 10(-7)). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Variation at the DPP4 locus is associated with ApoB in South Asians and displays heterogeneity related to BMI in other ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swneke D Bailey
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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27
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Caruz A, Neukam K, Rivero-Juárez A, Herrero R, Real LM, Camacho A, Barreiro P, Labarga P, Rivero A, Pineda JA. Association of low-density lipoprotein receptor genotypes with hepatitis C viral load. Genes Immun 2014; 15:16-24. [PMID: 24173146 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several data suggest that low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a co-receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Soluble LDLR can inhibit HCV infectivity; greater plasma low-density lipoprotein levels are associated with treatment success; LDLR genotypes have a synergistic impact on the likelihood of achieving SVR with Peg-IFN plus RBV, as well as on viral kinetics after starting treatment. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of genetic polymorphisms in genes related to cholesterol synthesis and transport pathways on pre-treatment plasma HCV viral load (VL). A total of 442 patients infected with HCV and treatment naive were prospectively recruited. One hundred forty-four SNPs located in 40 genes from the cholesterol synthesis/transport and IL28B were genotyped and analyzed for genetic association with pre-treatment plasma HCV VL. SNPs rs1433099 and rs2569540 of LDLR showed association with plasma HCV VL (P=4 × 10(-4) and P=2 × 10(-3)) in patients infected with genotypes 1 and 4. A haplotype including the last three exons of LDLR showed association with the cutoff level of 600 000 IU ml(-1) VL for genotypes 1 and 4 (OR=0.27; P=8 × 10(-6)), as well as a quantitative VL (mean±s.d.: 6.19±0.9 vs CC+CG 5.58±1.1 logIU ml(-1), P=8 × 10(-5)). LDLR genotypes are a major genetic factor influencing HCV VL in patients infected with genotypes 1 and 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caruz
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental, Biology Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - K Neukam
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - A Rivero-Juárez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Herrero
- Immunogenetics Unit, Department of Experimental, Biology Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - L M Real
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - A Camacho
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - P Barreiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Labarga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rivero
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J A Pineda
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Seville, Spain
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Correia M, Branco CC, Bruffaerts N, Balagué A, Mota-Vieira L. Genetic risk assessment for cardiovascular disease in Azoreans (Portugal): A general population-based study. Gene 2013; 532:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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The protective effect of the obesity-associated rs9939609 A variant in fat mass- and obesity-associated gene on depression. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1281-6. [PMID: 23164817 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have not identified common variants, which are reliably associated with depression. The recent identification of obesity predisposing genes that are highly expressed in the brain raises the possibility of their genetic contribution to depression. As variation in the intron 1 of the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene contributes to polygenic obesity, we assessed the possibility that FTO gene may contribute to depression in a cross-sectional multi-ethnic sample of 6561 depression cases and 21,932 controls selected from the EpiDREAM, INTERHEART, DeCC (depression case-control study) and Cohorte Lausannoise (CoLaus) studies. Major depression was defined according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria. Association analyses were performed under the additive genetic model. A meta-analysis of the four studies showed a significant inverse association between the obesity risk FTO rs9939609 A variant and depression (odds ratio=0.92 (0.89, 0.97), P=3 × 10(-4)) adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity/population structure and body-mass index (BMI) with no significant between-study heterogeneity (I(2)=0%, P=0.63). The FTO rs9939609 A variant was also associated with increased BMI in the four studies (β 0.30 (0.08, 0.51), P=0.0064) adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity/population structure. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that the FTO rs9939609 A variant may be associated with a lower risk of depression independently of its effect on BMI. This study highlights the potential importance of obesity predisposing genes on depression.
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30
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Bradley DT, Hughes AE, Badger SA, Jones GT, Harrison SC, Wright BJ, Bumpstead S, Baas AF, Grétarsdóttir S, Burnand K, Child AH, Clough RE, Cockerill G, Hafez H, Scott DJA, Ariëns RA, Johnson A, Sohrabi S, Smith A, Thompson MM, van Bockxmeer FM, Waltham M, Matthíasson SE, Thorleifsson G, Thorsteinsdottir U, Blankensteijn JD, Teijink JA, Wijmenga C, de Graaf J, Kiemeney LA, Wild JB, Edkins S, Gwilliam R, Hunt SE, Potter S, Lindholt JS, Golledge J, Norman PE, van Rij A, Powell JT, Eriksson P, Stefánsson K, Thompson JR, Humphries SE, Sayers RD, Deloukas P, Samani NJ, Bown MJ. A Variant in
LDLR
Is Associated With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:498-504. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common cardiovascular disease among older people and demonstrates significant heritability. In contrast to similar complex diseases, relatively few genetic associations with AAA have been confirmed. We reanalyzed our genome-wide study and carried through to replication suggestive discovery associations at a lower level of significance.
Methods and Results—
A genome-wide association study was conducted using 1830 cases from the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia with infrarenal aorta diameter ≥30 mm or ruptured AAA and 5435 unscreened controls from the 1958 Birth Cohort and National Blood Service cohort from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Eight suggestive associations with
P
<1×10
−4
were carried through to in silico replication in 1292 AAA cases and 30 503 controls. One single-nucleotide polymorphism associated with
P
<0.05 after Bonferroni correction in the in silico study underwent further replication (706 AAA cases and 1063 controls from the United Kingdom, 507 AAA cases and 199 controls from Denmark, and 885 AAA cases and 1000 controls from New Zealand). Low-density lipoprotein receptor (
LDLR
) rs6511720 A was significantly associated overall and in 3 of 5 individual replication studies. The full study showed an association that reached genome-wide significance (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.83;
P
=2.08×10
−10
).
Conclusions—
LDLR rs6511720 is associated with AAA. This finding is consistent with established effects of this variant on coronary artery disease. Shared causal pathways with other cardiovascular diseases may present novel opportunities for preventative and therapeutic strategies for AAA.
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Blazek A, Rutsky J, Osei K, Maiseyeu A, Rajagopalan S. Exercise-mediated changes in high-density lipoprotein: impact on form and function. Am Heart J 2013; 166:392-400. [PMID: 24016485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this systematic review was to assess the current understanding of the effects of exercise intervention on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) and changes in HDL function as well as modification of these effects by genomic factors. The reviewed studies demonstrate that exercise has modest effects on HDL-C with limited data suggesting an effect on HDL function. Genetic polymorphisms in proteins associated with HDL metabolism play a role in modifying the HDL-C response to exercise and possibly its function. Exercise as an intervention for patients at risk for cardiovascular events can lead to small improvements in HDL-C and potential changes in HDL function. There is an important modifier effect of genetics in determining these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Blazek
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Islam AKMM, Majumder AAS. Coronary artery disease in Bangladesh: a review. Indian Heart J 2013; 65:424-35. [PMID: 23993003 PMCID: PMC3861019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an increasingly important medical and public health problem, and is the leading cause of mortality in Bangladesh. Like other South Asians, Bangladeshis are unduly prone to develop CAD, which is often premature in onset, follows a rapidly progressive course and angiographically more severe. The underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood. Genetic predisposition, high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and conventional risk factors play important role. Lifestyle related factors, including poor dietary habits, excess saturated and trans fat, high salt intake, and low-level physical activity may be important as well. Some novel risk factors, including hypovitaminosis D, arsenic contamination in water and food-stuff, particulate matter air pollution may play unique role. At the advent of the new millennium, we know little about our real situation. Large scale epidemiological, genetic and clinical researches are needed to explore the different aspects of CAD in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Monwarul Islam
- Registrar, Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
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Wahi G, Wilson J, Miller R, Anglin R, McDonald S, Morrison KM, Teo KK, Anand SS. Aboriginal birth cohort (ABC): a prospective cohort study of early life determinants of adiposity and associated risk factors among Aboriginal people in Canada. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:608. [PMID: 23800270 PMCID: PMC3702421 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aboriginal people living in Canada have a high prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). To better understand the pre and postnatal influences on the development of adiposity and related cardio-metabolic factors in adult Aboriginal people, we will recruit and follow prospectively Aboriginal pregnant mothers and their children - the Aboriginal Birth Cohort (ABC) study. METHODS/DESIGN We aim to recruit 300 Aboriginal pregnant mothers and their newborns from the Six Nations Reserve, and follow them prospectively to age 3 years. Key details of environment and health including maternal nutrition, glucose tolerance, physical activity, and weight gain will be collected. At birth, cord blood and placenta samples will be collected, as well as newborn anthropometric measurements. Mothers and offspring will be followed annually with serial measurements of diet and physical activity, growth trajectory, and adiposity. DISCUSSION There is an urgent need to understand maternal and child factors that underlie the early development of adiposity and type 2 diabetes in Aboriginal people. The information generated from this cohort will assist the Six Nations community in developing interventions to prevent early adiposity in Aboriginal children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Wahi
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Julie Wilson
- Six Nations Health Services, 1745 Chiefswood Rd, Ohsweken, ON N0A 1M0, Canada
| | - Ruby Miller
- Six Nations Health Services, 1745 Chiefswood Rd, Ohsweken, ON N0A 1M0, Canada
| | - Rebecca Anglin
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sarah McDonald
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Koon K Teo
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Population Genomics Program, Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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The number of cysteine residues per mole in apolipoprotein E affects systematically synchronous neural interactions in women’s healthy brains. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226:525-36. [PMID: 23503772 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xu L, Zhou J, Huang S, Huang Y, LE Y, Jiang D, Wang F, Yang X, Xu W, Huang X, Dong C, Zhang L, Ye M, Lian J, Duan S. An association study between genetic polymorphisms related to lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and coronary heart disease. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:742-750. [PMID: 23404648 PMCID: PMC3570076 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that affect lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity or levels in American and European individuals. A total of 290 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, 198 non-CHD patients and 331 unrelated healthy volunteers were recruited for the present case-control study of Han Chinese. Four SNPs (rs964184 of ZNF259, rs7528419 of CELSR2 and rs7756935 and rs1805017 of PLA2G7) were shown to be significantly associated with CHD. The rs964184-G allele of the ZNF259 gene was identified as a risk factor of CHD in females (odds ratio (OR) =1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.00–2.22, P=0.05). The rs7528419-G allele of the CELSR2 gene was protective against CHD in males (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.25–0.93, P=0.04). The other two alleles (rs7756935-C and rs1805017-A) of the PLA2G7 gene acted as protective factors against CHD in females (rs7756935-C: OR=0.59, 95% CI=0.35–1.00, P=0.05; rs1805017-A: OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.28–0.93, P=0.03). Moreover, rs1805017 of the PLA2G7 gene was associated with the severity of CHD only in females (r2=0.02, P=0.04). We identified four Lp-PLA2-associated SNPs significantly associated with CHD in a Han Chinese population. Specifically, rs7528419 was protective factor against CHD in males, while the other two SNPs (rs7756935 and rs1805017 of the PLA2G7 gene) were protective factors against CHD in females and rs964184 of the ZNF259 gene was regarded as a risk factor for CHD in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xu
- School of Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211
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Joseph PG, Pare G, Anand SS. Exploring Gene-Environment Relationships in Cardiovascular Disease. Can J Cardiol 2013; 29:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle subpopulations in heterozygous cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency: maintenance of antioxidative activity. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23189141 PMCID: PMC3506611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) deficiency causes elevated high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels; its impact on HDL functionality however remains elusive. We compared functional and compositional properties of HDL derived from 9 Caucasian heterozygous CETP mutation carriers (splice-site mutation in intron 7 resulting in premature truncation) with those of 9 age- and sex-matched normolipidemic family controls. As expected, HDL-C levels were increased 1.5-fold, and CETP mass and activity were decreased by −31% and −38% respectively, in carriers versus non-carriers. HDL particles from carriers were enriched in CE (up to +19%, p<0.05) and depleted of triglycerides (TG; up to −54%, p<0.01), resulting in a reduced TG/CE ratio (up to 2.5-fold, p<0.01). In parallel, the apoA-I content was increased in HDL from carriers (up to +22%, p<0.05). Both the total HDL fraction and small, dense HDL3 particles from CETP-deficient subjects displayed normal antioxidative activity by attenuating low-density lipoprotein oxidation with similar efficacy on a particle mass basis as compared to control HDL3. Consistent with these data, circulating levels of systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress (8-isoprostanes) were similar between the two groups. These findings support the contention that HDL functionality is maintained in heterozygous CETP deficiency despite modifications in lipid and protein composition.
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Rafiq S, Venkata KKM, Gupta V, Vinay DG, Spurgeon CJ, Parameshwaran S, Madana SN, Kinra S, Bowen L, Timpson NJ, Smith GD, Dudbridge F, Prabhakaran D, Ben-Shlomo Y, Reddy KS, Ebrahim S, Chandak GR. Evaluation of seven common lipid associated loci in a large Indian sib pair study. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:155. [PMID: 23150898 PMCID: PMC3598237 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genome wide association studies (GWAS), mostly in Europeans have identified several common variants as associated with key lipid traits. Replication of these genetic effects in South Asian populations is important since it would suggest wider relevance for these findings. Given the rising prevalence of metabolic disorders and heart disease in the Indian sub-continent, these studies could be of future clinical relevance. Methods We studied seven common variants associated with a variety of lipid traits in previous GWASs. The study sample comprised of 3178 sib-pairs recruited as participants for the Indian Migration Study (IMS). Associations with various lipid parameters and quantitative traits were analyzed using the Fulker genetic association model. Results We replicated five of the 7 main effect associations with p-values ranging from 0.03 to 1.97x10-7. We identified particularly strong association signals at rs662799 in APOA5 (beta=0.18 s.d, p=1.97 x 10-7), rs10503669 in LPL (beta =−0.18 s.d, p=1.0 x 10-4) and rs780094 in GCKR (beta=0.11 s.d, p=0.001) loci in relation to triglycerides. In addition, the GCKR variant was also associated with total cholesterol (beta=0.11 s.d, p=3.9x10-4). We also replicated the association of rs562338 in APOB (p=0.03) and rs4775041 in LIPC (p=0.007) with LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol respectively. Conclusions We report associations of five loci with various lipid traits with the effect size consistent with the same reported in Europeans. These results indicate an overlap of genetic effects pertaining to lipid traits across the European and Indian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rafiq
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Takeuchi F, Isono M, Katsuya T, Yokota M, Yamamoto K, Nabika T, Shimokawa K, Nakashima E, Sugiyama T, Rakugi H, Yamaguchi S, Ogihara T, Yamori Y, Kato N. Association of genetic variants influencing lipid levels with coronary artery disease in Japanese individuals. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46385. [PMID: 23050023 PMCID: PMC3458872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective In Japanese populations, we performed a replication study of genetic loci previously identified in European-descent populations as being associated with lipid levels and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We genotyped 48 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 22 candidate loci that had previously been identified by genome-wide association (GWA) meta-analyses for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and/or triglycerides in Europeans. We selected 22 loci with 2 parallel tracks from 95 reported loci: 16 significant loci (p<1×10−30 in Europeans) and 6 other loci including those with suggestive evidence of lipid associations in 1292 GWA-scanned Japanese samples. Genotyping was done in 4990 general population samples, and 1347 CAD cases and 1337 controls. For 9 SNPs, we further examined CAD associations in an additional panel of 3052 CAD cases and 6335 controls. Principal Findings Significant lipid associations (one-tailed p<0.05) were replicated for 18 of 22 loci in Japanese samples, with significant inter-ethnic heterogeneity at 4 loci–APOB, APOE-C1, CETP, and APOA5–and allelic heterogeneity. The strongest association was detected at APOE rs7412 for LDL-C (p = 1.3×10−41), CETP rs3764261 for HDL-C (p = 5.2×10−24), and APOA5 rs662799 for triglycerides (p = 5.8×10−54). CAD association was replicated and/or verified for 4 loci: SORT1 rs611917 (p = 1.7×10−8), APOA5 rs662799 (p = 0.0014), LDLR rs1433099 (p = 2.1×10−7), and APOE rs7412 (p = 6.1×10−13). Conclusions Our results confirm that most of the tested lipid loci are associated with lipid traits in the Japanese, further indicating that in genetic susceptibility to lipid levels and CAD, the related metabolic pathways are largely common across the populations, while causal variants at individual loci can be population-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Isono
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yokota
- Department of Genome Science, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kazuro Shimokawa
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eitaro Nakashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Chubu Rosai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Institute for Adult Diseases, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ogihara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Mukogawa Women's University Institute for World Health Development, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kato
- Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
In multi-cohort genetic association studies or meta-analysis, associations of genetic variants with complex traits across cohorts may be heterogeneous because of genuine genetic diversity or differential biases or errors. To detect the associations of genes with heterogeneous associations across cohorts, new global fixed-effect (FE) and random-effects (RE) meta-analytic methods have been recently proposed. These global methods had improved power over both traditional FE and RE methods under heterogeneity in limited simulation scenarios and data application, but their usefulness in a wide range of practical situations is not clear. We assessed the performance of these methods for both binary and quantitative traits in extensive simulations and applied them to a multi-cohort association study. We found that these new approaches have higher power to detect mostly the very small to small associations of common genetic variants when associations are highly heterogeneous across cohorts. They worked well when both the underlying and assumed genetic models are either multiplicative or dominant. But, they offered no clear advantage for less common variants unless heterogeneity was substantial. In conclusion, these new meta-analytic methods can be used to detect the association of genetic variants with high heterogeneity, which can then be subjected to further exploration, in multi-cohort association studies and meta-analyses.
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de las Fuentes L, Yang W, Dávila-Román VG, Gu CC. Pathway-based genome-wide association analysis of coronary heart disease identifies biologically important gene sets. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:1168-73. [PMID: 22510845 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association (GWA) studies of complex diseases including coronary heart disease (CHD) challenge investigators attempting to identify relevant genetic variants among hundreds of thousands of markers being tested. A selection strategy based purely on statistical significance will result in many false negative findings after adjustment for multiple testing. Thus, an integrated analysis using information from the learned genetic pathways, molecular functions, and biological processes is desirable. In this study, we applied a customized method, variable set enrichment analysis (VSEA), to the Framingham Heart Study data (404,467 variants, n=6421) to evaluate enrichment of genetic association in 1395 gene sets for their contribution to CHD. We identified 25 gene sets with nominal P<0.01; at least four sets are previously known for their roles in CHD: vascular genesis (GO:0001570), fatty-acid biosynthetic process (GO:0006633), fatty-acid metabolic process (GO:0006631), and glycerolipid metabolic process (GO:0046486). Although the four gene sets include 170 genes, only three of the genes contain a variant ranked among the top 100 in single-variant association tests of the 404,467 variants tested. Significant enrichment for novel gene sets less known for their importance to CHD were also identified: Rac 1 cell-motility signaling pathway (h_rac1 Pathway, P<0.001) and sulfur amino-acid metabolic process (GO:0000096, P<0.001). In summary, we showed that the pathway-based VSEA can help prioritize association signals in GWA studies by identifying biologically plausible targets for downstream searches of genetic variants associated with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa de las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Imaging and Clinical Research Core Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Kumar NT, Liestøl K, Løberg EM, Reims HM, Brorson SH, Maehlen J. The apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cardiovascular diseases--an autopsy study. Cardiovasc Pathol 2012; 21:461-9. [PMID: 22440829 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have addressed the association between the apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cardiovascular disease, but only a few reports are based on findings at autopsy. In the present retrospective study, we have used autopsy findings from a general hospital population to further investigate this issue. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected information from 1522 consecutive autopsy reports (886 men, mean age 65.7 years; 636 women, mean age 69.7 years) conducted at Oslo University Hospital, Norway, in the period from 1996 to 2000. Cause of death and signs related to cardiovascular disease including the degree of atherosclerosis in the aorta and the coronary arteries, signs of myocardial infarction, heart weight, and signs of cerebrovascular disease were recorded. The patients were genotyped, and the apolipoprotein E allele frequencies (ɛ2, 8.0%; ɛ3, 72.6%; and ɛ4, 19.4%) were not statistically different from a group of healthy controls. Approximately 35% of the patients died from a cardiovascular disease. Genotypes differed significantly (P<.05), with more ɛ4-carriers (34.3% vs. 29.6%) and fewer ɛ2-carriers (11.8% vs. 13.9%) among patients who died from cardiovascular disease compared to those who died from other causes. A similar distribution of genotypes was seen in patients recorded with myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular disease. There was an association between the presence of ɛ4 and atherosclerosis in the aorta and coronary arteries, but this did not reach statistical significance. Among patients with signs of coronary heart disease, standardized heart weights were significantly higher in ɛ2-carriers compared to ɛ4-carriers. CONCLUSION The present autopsy study suggests that the risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, is influenced by the apolipoprotein E polymorphism.
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Family history and APOE-4 genetic risk in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychol Rev 2012; 22:298-309. [PMID: 22359096 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-012-9193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Identifying risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, such as carrying the APOE-4 allele, and understanding their contributions to disease pathophysiology or clinical presentation is critical for establishing and improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. A first-degree family history of Alzheimer's disease represents a composite risk factor, which reflects the influence of known and unknown susceptibility genes and perhaps non-genetic risks. There is emerging evidence that investigating family history risk associated effects may contribute to advances in Alzheimer's disease research and ultimately clinical practice.
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Clarke R, Bennett DA, Parish S, Verhoef P, Dötsch-Klerk M, Lathrop M, Xu P, Nordestgaard BG, Holm H, Hopewell JC, Saleheen D, Tanaka T, Anand SS, Chambers JC, Kleber ME, Ouwehand WH, Yamada Y, Elbers C, Peters B, Stewart AFR, Reilly MM, Thorand B, Yusuf S, Engert JC, Assimes TL, Kooner J, Danesh J, Watkins H, Samani NJ, Collins R, Peto R. Homocysteine and coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of MTHFR case-control studies, avoiding publication bias. PLoS Med 2012; 9:e1001177. [PMID: 22363213 PMCID: PMC3283559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderately elevated blood levels of homocysteine are weakly correlated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but causality remains uncertain. When folate levels are low, the TT genotype of the common C677T polymorphism (rs1801133) of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) appreciably increases homocysteine levels, so "Mendelian randomization" studies using this variant as an instrumental variable could help test causality. METHODS AND FINDINGS Nineteen unpublished datasets were obtained (total 48,175 CHD cases and 67,961 controls) in which multiple genetic variants had been measured, including MTHFR C677T. These datasets did not include measurements of blood homocysteine, but homocysteine levels would be expected to be about 20% higher with TT than with CC genotype in the populations studied. In meta-analyses of these unpublished datasets, the case-control CHD odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI comparing TT versus CC homozygotes was 1.02 (0.98-1.07; p = 0.28) overall, and 1.01 (0.95-1.07) in unsupplemented low-folate populations. By contrast, in a slightly updated meta-analysis of the 86 published studies (28,617 CHD cases and 41,857 controls), the OR was 1.15 (1.09-1.21), significantly discrepant (p = 0.001) with the OR in the unpublished datasets. Within the meta-analysis of published studies, the OR was 1.12 (1.04-1.21) in the 14 larger studies (those with variance of log OR<0.05; total 13,119 cases) and 1.18 (1.09-1.28) in the 72 smaller ones (total 15,498 cases). CONCLUSIONS The CI for the overall result from large unpublished datasets shows lifelong moderate homocysteine elevation has little or no effect on CHD. The discrepant overall result from previously published studies reflects publication bias or methodological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Mielke MM, Leoutsakos JM, Tschanz JT, Green RC, Tripodis Y, Corcoran CD, Norton MC, Lyketsos CG. Interaction between vascular factors and the APOE ε4 allele in predicting rate of progression in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 26:127-34. [PMID: 21593560 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-110086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular factors have been shown to affect the rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. However, the effect of the APOE ε4 allele on rate of progression has been ambiguous. Little research to date has examined an interaction between vascular factors and the APOE ε4 allele in predicting decline among AD patients. 216 participants with incident AD from a population of elderly persons in Cache County, Utah, were followed for a mean of 3.3 years and 4.2 follow-up visits. A history of vascular risk factors and conditions and anti-hypertensive use was assessed at the diagnostic visit. Linear mixed effects models tested interactions between the vascular factors, APOE ε4, and time as predictors of clinical progression on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). Multiple comparisons were corrected using the Holm-Bonferroni method. There was a 3-way interaction between stroke, APOE ε4 and time in predicting MMSE decline (LR χ² = 10.32, 2 df, p = 0.006). For the CDR-SB, there were 3-way interactions between the APOE ε4, time and either myocardial infarction (LR χ² = 17.83, 2 df, p = 0.0001) or stroke (LR χ² = 11.48, 2 df, p = 0.003. Results suggest a complex relationship between the APOE ε4 and vascular factors in predicting cognitive and functional progression. Among individuals with a history of stroke or myocardial infarction at baseline, progression of AD is influenced by APOE ε4 carrier status and varies by time after AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Tirodkar MA, Baker DW, Khurana N, Makoul G, Paracha MW, Kandula NR. Explanatory models of coronary heart disease among South Asian immigrants. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2011; 85:230-6. [PMID: 21093195 PMCID: PMC3380445 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated South Asians' explanatory models (EM) of CHD and compared them to the biomedical model as part of an effort to inform the development of culturally targeted CHD prevention messages. METHODS We conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews in English, Hindi and Urdu with 75 respondents from a federally qualified health center and at a community center for South Asian immigrants in Chicago, Illinois. RESULTS While EMs of CHD included risk factors from the biomedical model, they also included psychosocial and spiritual risk factors. Respondents emphasized that stress causes CHD and suggested that CHD was caused by sudden or inexplicable factors. Few respondents discussed cholesterol, blood pressure, or diabetes as part of CHD prevention. Women and those with lower education had low perceptions of being at-risk for CHD. CONCLUSION South Asians' EMs of CHD encompassed the biomedical model; however, EMs also included psychosocial and spiritual factors. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Clinicians and health educators should be aware that South Asian individual's EM of CHD may include psychosocial and spiritual factors which can affect CHD prevention behaviors.
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Le Hello C, Fradin S, Morello R, Coffin O, Maïza D, Hamon M. Contribution of deletion in angiotensin-converting enzyme but not A1166C angiotensin II type-1 receptor gene polymorphisms to clinical outcomes in atherothrombotic disease. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:202-10. [PMID: 21722816 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (rs4340) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor A1166C (rs5186) gene polymorphisms may be involved in coronary heart disease (CHD). This study was designed to evaluate potential relationships between these polymorphisms and the risk of long-term all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients requiring revascularization for atherothrombotic disease (ATD) lesions. METHOD This prospective observational study concerned patients referred for supra-aortic vessel disease (SVD), CHD, peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) or visceral artery disease (VAD). Collected data included ATD referral site, ATD symptoms, personal and familial medical histories, ATD extent, vascular risk factors, biological values, medication use and rs4340 and rs5186 polymorphisms. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. The secondary end point, MACE, included cardiovascular death, clinical ischemic event related to SVD, CHD, PAOD or VAD. RESULTS The cohort comprised 956 patients of whom 872 (91.2%) were genotyped and followed for 21.1 ± 9.9 months. Patients were referred for SVD (25.9%), CHD (42.3%), PAOD (35.2%) or VAD (1.6%). All-cause mortality and MACE rates were 7.6 and 27.2%, respectively. When comparing I/D + D/D vs. I/I genotypes, rs4340 polymorphism was associated with higher all-cause mortality rates according to uni- and multivariate analyses (p=0.008 and 0.011, respectively). Other differences were not significant (rs4340 polymorphism and MACE, rs5186 polymorphism and all-cause mortality and MACE). No interaction was found between the polymorphisms. Other independent predictors of all-cause mortality included PAOD history, SVD history, body mass index <25 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) ≥6.5%, absence of dyslipidemia and no use of aspirin. CONCLUSION rs4340 polymorphism is associated with long-term all-cause mortality in advanced ATD patients requiring revascularization, whereas rs5186 polymorphism does not.
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Do R, Xie C, Zhang X, Männistö S, Harald K, Islam S, Bailey SD, Rangarajan S, McQueen MJ, Diaz R, Lisheng L, Wang X, Silander K, Peltonen L, Yusuf S, Salomaa V, Engert JC, Anand SS. The effect of chromosome 9p21 variants on cardiovascular disease may be modified by dietary intake: evidence from a case/control and a prospective study. PLoS Med 2011; 8:e1001106. [PMID: 22022235 PMCID: PMC3191151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most robust genetic associations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the Chromosome 9p21 region. However, the interaction of this locus with environmental factors has not been extensively explored. We investigated the association of 9p21 with myocardial infarction (MI) in individuals of different ethnicities, and tested for an interaction with environmental factors. METHODS AND FINDINGS We genotyped four 9p21 SNPs in 8,114 individuals from the global INTERHEART study. All four variants were associated with MI, with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.18 to 1.20 (1.85×10(-8)≤p≤5.21×10(-7)). A significant interaction (p = 4.0×10(-4)) was observed between rs2383206 and a factor-analysis-derived "prudent" diet pattern score, for which a major component was raw vegetables. An effect of 9p21 on MI was observed in the group with a low prudent diet score (OR = 1.32, p = 6.82×10(-7)), but the effect was diminished in a step-wise fashion in the medium (OR = 1.17, p = 4.9×10(-3)) and high prudent diet scoring groups (OR = 1.02, p = 0.68) (p = 0.014 for difference). We also analyzed data from 19,129 individuals (including 1,014 incident cases of CVD) from the prospective FINRISK study, which used a closely related dietary variable. In this analysis, the 9p21 risk allele demonstrated a larger effect on CVD risk in the groups with diets low or average for fresh vegetables, fruits, and berries (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, p = 3.0×10(-4), and HR = 1.35, p = 4.1×10(-3), respectively) compared to the group with high consumption of these foods (HR = 0.96, p = 0.73) (p = 0.0011 for difference). The combination of the least prudent diet and two copies of the risk allele was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk for MI (OR = 1.98, p = 2.11×10(-9)) in the INTERHEART study and a 1.66-fold increase in risk for CVD in the FINRISK study (HR = 1.66, p = 0.0026). CONCLUSIONS The risk of MI and CVD conferred by Chromosome 9p21 SNPs appears to be modified by a prudent diet high in raw vegetables and fruits. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Do
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Changchun Xie
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohe Zhang
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kennet Harald
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shofiqul Islam
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Swneke D. Bailey
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J. McQueen
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rafael Diaz
- Estudios Cardiologicos Latinoamerica, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Liu Lisheng
- Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Kaisa Silander
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Genomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Peltonen
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Genomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James C. Engert
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (JCE); (SSA)
| | - Sonia S. Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (JCE); (SSA)
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Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Genetic determinants of LDL, lipoprotein(a), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL: concordance and discordance with cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Lipidol 2011; 22:113-22. [PMID: 21358543 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32834477d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To evaluate whether new and known genetic determinants of plasma levels of LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and HDL cholesterol associate with the risk of cardiovascular disease expected from the effect on lipoprotein levels. Concordance or discordance of such genetic determinants with cardiovascular disease risk will either favor or disfavor that these lipoproteins are causally related to cardiovascular disease. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence for concordance or discordance with cardiovascular disease risk has come from Mendelian randomization studies, whereas indirect evidence also has emerged from genome-wide and candidate gene association studies. The major limitations of studies of genetic variation and concordance or discordance with cardiovascular disease are pleiotropic effects of the variants studied, and/or lack of sufficient statistical power of the majority of studies to firmly demonstrate a positive association, or even more difficult, to exclude an association. SUMMARY New and known genetic determinants of plasma levels of LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are concordant with both the magnitude and direction of the expected risk of cardiovascular disease, whereas this is unclear for HDL cholesterol. The data are compatible with cardiovascular disease causality for the three former lipoprotein classes, but not for HDL cholesterol.
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Hopewell JC, Parish S, Clarke R, Armitage J, Bowman L, Hager J, Lathrop M, Collins R. No impact of KIF6 genotype on vascular risk and statin response among 18,348 randomized patients in the heart protection study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 57:2000-7. [PMID: 21458191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to test the effects of the KIF6 Trp719Arg polymorphism (rs20455) on vascular risk and response to statin therapy in 18,348 participants from the Heart Protection Study. BACKGROUND There have been claims that noncarriers of the KIF6 719Arg variant receive little benefit from statin therapy. Screening for this genetic variant is now being used to influence statin use. METHODS Participants received 40 mg simvastatin daily for 4 to 6 weeks before being randomly allocated 40 mg simvastatin daily or placebo for 5 years. Major coronary event was pre-defined as coronary death or nonfatal myocardial infarction, and major vascular event was pre-defined as major coronary event plus revascularization or stroke. RESULTS The KIF6 genotype was not significantly associated, among placebo-allocated participants, with the risks of incident major vascular events, major coronary events, revascularizations, or strokes. Overall, 40 mg simvastatin daily produced a 42% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which did not differ significantly by KIF6 719Arg carrier status (p = 0.51). Proportional reductions in the risk of major vascular events with statin therapy were similar (interaction p = 0.70) and highly significant across KIF6 genotypes: 23% (95% confidence interval: 16% to 29%; p = 5.3 × 10⁻¹⁰) in carriers (Arg/Arg or Trp/Arg), and 24% (95% confidence interval: 17% to 31%; p = 4.6 × 10⁻⁹) in noncarriers (Trp/Trp). A similar lack of interaction was observed for major coronary events, revascularizations, and strokes considered separately. CONCLUSIONS Statin therapy significantly reduces the incidence of coronary and other major vascular events to a similar extent, irrespective of KIF6 genotype. Consequently, the use of KIF6 genotyping to guide statin therapy is not warranted. (Heart Protection Study; ISRCTN48489393).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma C Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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