1
|
Pattarabanjird T, Srikakulapu P, Ransegnola B, Marshall MA, Ghosheh Y, Gulati R, Durant C, Drago F, Taylor AM, Ley K, McNamara CA. Single-cell profiling of CD11c+ B cells in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1296668. [PMID: 38259450 PMCID: PMC10800418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD11c+ B cells, a novel subset of activated B cells, have been linked to autoimmunity and shown to expand with age. Atherosclerosis is an age-associated disease that involves innate and adaptive immune responses to modified self-antigens. Yet, the expression of CD11c on specific B-cell subtypes and its link to atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the frequency of CD11c+ B cells in tissues in mice with aging. We observed an age-associated increase in CD11c+ B cells in the spleen and bone marrow of ApoE-/- mice, and this was associated with an increase in aortic plaque. In addition, we also utilized single-cell multi-omics profiling of 60 human subjects undergoing advanced imaging for coronary artery disease (CAD) to subtype CD11c+ B cells and determine their frequency in subjects with high and low severity of CAD. Using unsupervised clustering, we identified four distinct clusters of CD11c+ B cells, which include CD27 and IgD double negative 2 (DN2), age-associated (ABC), CD11c+ unswitched memory (USWM), and activated Naïve (aNav) B cells. We observed an increase in the frequency of both ABC B cells and DN2 B cells in patients with high CAD severity. Pathway analysis further demonstrated augmentation of autophagy, IFNg signaling, and TLR signaling in DN2 cells in high-severity CAD patients. On the other hand, an increase in the negative regulator of BCR signaling through CD72 was found in ABC cells in low-severity CAD patients. Through investigating scRNAseq of atheroma, these DN2 cells were also found to infiltrate human coronary atheroma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brett Ransegnola
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Melissa A. Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rishab Gulati
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Fabrizio Drago
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Angela M. Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roberts LB, Lord GM, Howard JK. Heartbreakers or Healers? Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903678. [PMID: 35634348 PMCID: PMC9130471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for most pre-mature deaths worldwide, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease and its associated costs to individuals and healthcare systems. Obesity and associated metabolic inflammation underlie development of several major health conditions which act as direct risk factors for development of CVDs. Immune system responses contribute greatly to CVD development and progression, as well as disease resolution. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of helper-like and cytotoxic lymphocytes, typically enriched at barrier sites such as the skin, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. However, recent studies indicate that most solid organs and tissues are home to resident populations of ILCs - including those of the cardiovascular system. Despite their relative rarity, ILCs contribute to many important biological effects during health, whilst promoting inflammatory responses during tissue damage and disease. This mini review will discuss the evidence for pathological and protective roles of ILCs in CVD, and its associated risk factor, obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham M Lord
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Howard
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pattarabanjird T, Marshall M, Upadhye A, Srikakulapu P, Garmey J, Haider A, Taylor AM, Lutgens E, McNamara CA. B-1b Cells Possess Unique bHLH-Driven P62-Dependent Self-Renewal and Atheroprotection. Circ Res 2022; 130:981-993. [PMID: 35209718 PMCID: PMC9075598 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B1a and B1b lymphocytes produce IgM that inactivates oxidation-specific epitopes (IgMOSE) on LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and protects against atherosclerosis. Loss of ID3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) in B cells selectively promotes B1b but not B1a cell numbers, leading to higher IgMOSE production and reduction in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Yet, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains unexplored. METHODS Bulk RNA sequencing was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes in B1a and B1b cells from Id3KO and Id3WT mice. CRISPR/Cas9 and lentiviral genome editing coupled with adoptive transfer were used to identify key Id3-dependent signaling pathways regulating B1b cell proliferation and the impact on atherosclerosis. Biospecimens from humans with advanced coronary artery disease imaging were analyzed to translate murine findings to human subjects with coronary artery disease. RESULTS Through RNA sequencing, P62 was found to be enriched in Id3KO B1b cells. Further in vitro characterization reveals a novel role for P62 in mediating BAFF (B-cell activating factor)-induced B1b cell proliferation through interacting with TRAF6 and activating NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), leading to subsequent C-MYC upregulation. Promoter-reporter assays reveal that Id3 inhibits the E2A protein from activating the P62 promoter. Mice adoptively transferred with B1 cells overexpressing P62 exhibited an increase in B1b cell number and IgMOSE levels and were protected against atherosclerosis. Consistent with murine mechanistic findings, P62 expression in human B1 cells was significantly higher in subjects harboring a function-impairing SNP (rs11574) in the ID3 gene and directly correlated with plasma IgMOSE levels. CONCLUSIONS This study unveils a novel role for P62 in driving BAFF-induced B1b cell proliferation and IgMOSE production to attenuate diet-induced atherosclerosis. Results identify a direct role for Id3 in antagonizing E2A from activating the p62 promoter. Moreover, analysis of putative human B1 cells also implicates these pathways in coronary artery disease subjects, suggesting P62 as a new immunomodulatory target for treating atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Melissa Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - James Garmey
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Antony Haider
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Angela M. Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Correspondence: Corresponding Author, , Phone: 434-243-5854, Address: 345 Crispell Dr. Charlottesville, VA 22908
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perez C, Felty Q. Molecular basis of the association between transcription regulators nuclear respiratory factor 1 and inhibitor of DNA binding protein 3 and the development of microvascular lesions. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104337. [PMID: 35143811 PMCID: PMC8923910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with microvascular lesions remains poor because vascular remodeling eventually obliterates the lumen. Here we have focused our efforts on vessel dysfunction in two different organs, the lung and brain. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the importance of blood vessel integrity, gaps remain in our knowledge of the underlying molecular factors contributing to vessel injury, including microvascular lesions. Most of the ongoing research on these lesions have focused on oxidative stress but have not found major molecular targets for the discovery of new treatment or early diagnosis. Herein, we have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanism(s) based on two new emerging molecules NRF1 and ID3, and how they may contribute to microvascular lesions in the lung and brain. Redox sensitive transcriptional activation of target genes depends on not only NRF1, but the recruitment of co-activators such as ID3 to the target gene promoter. Our review highlights the fact that targeting NRF1 and ID3 could be a promising therapeutic approach as they are major players in influencing cell growth, cell repair, senescence, and apoptotic cell death which contribute to vascular lesions. Knowledge about the molecular biology of these processes will be relevant for future therapeutic approaches to not only PAH but cerebral angiopathy and other vascular disorders. Therapies targeting transcription regulators NRF1 or ID3 have the potential for vascular disease-modification because they will address the root causes such as genomic instability and epigenetic changes in vascular lesions. We hope that our findings will serve as a stimulus for further research towards an effective treatment of microvascular lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Quentin Felty
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Osinski V, Srikakulapu P, Haider YM, Marshall MA, Ganta VC, Annex BH, McNamara CA. Loss of Id3 (Inhibitor of Differentiation 3) Increases the Number of IgM-Producing B-1b Cells in Ischemic Skeletal Muscle Impairing Blood Flow Recovery During Hindlimb Ischemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:6-18. [PMID: 34809449 PMCID: PMC8702457 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neovascularization can maintain and even improve tissue perfusion in the setting of limb ischemia during peripheral artery disease. The molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this process are incompletely understood. We investigate the potential role(s) for Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) in regulating blood flow in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia (HLI). Approach and Results: HLI was modeled through femoral artery ligation and resection and blood flow recovery was quantified by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Mice with global Id3 deletion had significantly impaired perfusion recovery at 14 and 21 days of HLI. Endothelial- or myeloid cell-specific deletion of Id3 revealed no effect on perfusion recovery while B-cell-specific knockout of Id3 (Id3BKO) revealed a significant attenuation of perfusion recovery. Flow cytometry revealed no differences in ischemia-induced T cells or myeloid cell numbers at 7 days of HLI, yet there was a significant increase in B-1b cells in Id3BKO. Consistent with these findings, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunoassay) demonstrated increases in skeletal muscle and plasma IgM. In vitro experiments demonstrated reduced proliferation and increased cell death when endothelial cells were treated with conditioned media from IgM-producing B-1b cells and tibialis anterior muscles in Id3BKO mice showed reduced density of total CD31+ and αSMA+CD31+ vessels. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate a role for B-cell-specific Id3 in maintaining blood flow recovery during HLI. Results suggest a role for Id3 in promoting blood flow during HLI and limiting IgM-expressing B-1b cell expansion. These findings present new mechanisms to investigate in peripheral artery disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Osinski
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Young Min Haider
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Melissa A. Marshall
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Vijay C. Ganta
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Brian H. Annex
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia 30912
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dai J, Leung M, Guan W, Guo HT, Krasnow RE, Wang TJ, El-Rifai W, Zhao Z, Reed T. Whole-Genome Differentially Hydroxymethylated DNA Regions among Twins Discordant for Cardiovascular Death. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081183. [PMID: 34440357 PMCID: PMC8392630 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease. It is unknown whether DNA hydroxymethylation is prospectively associated with the risk for cardiovascular death independent of germline and common environment. Male twin pairs middle-aged in 1969–1973 and discordant for cardiovascular death through December 31, 2014, were included. Hydroxymethylation was quantified in buffy coat DNA collected in 1986–1987. The 1893 differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) were identified after controlling for blood leukocyte subtypes and age among 12 monozygotic (MZ) pairs (Benjamini–Hochberg False Discovery Rate < 0.01), of which the 102 DhMRs were confirmed with directionally consistent log2-fold changes and p < 0.01 among additional 7 MZ pairs. These signature 102 DhMRs, independent of the germline, were located on all chromosomes except for chromosome 21 and the Y chromosome, mainly within/overlapped with intergenic regions and introns, and predominantly hyper-hydroxymethylated. A binary linear classifier predicting cardiovascular death among 19 dizygotic pairs was identified and equivalent to that generated from MZ via the 2D transformation. Computational bioinformatics discovered pathways, phenotypes, and DNA motifs for these DhMRs or their subtypes, suggesting that hydroxymethylation was a pathophysiological mechanism underlying cardiovascular death that might be influenced by genetic factors and warranted further investigations of mechanisms of these signature regions in vivo and in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-271-1367
| | - Ming Leung
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Han-Tian Guo
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Undergraduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ruth E. Krasnow
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Terry Reed
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Misiou A, Garmey JC, Hensien JM, Harmon DB, Osinski V, McSkimming C, Marshall MA, Fischer JW, Grandoch M, McNamara CA. Helix-Loop-Helix Factor Id3 (Inhibitor of Differentiation 3): A Novel Regulator of Hyaluronan-Mediated Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:796-807. [PMID: 33380173 PMCID: PMC8105274 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to unravel mechanisms whereby deficiency of the transcription factor Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) leads to metabolic dysfunction in visceral obesity. We investigated the impact of loss of Id3 on hyaluronic acid (HA) production by the 3 HAS isoenzymes (HA synthases; -1, -2, and -3) and on obesity-induced adipose tissue (AT) accumulation of proinflammatory B cells. Approach and Results: Male Id3-/- mice and respective wild-type littermate controls were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 4 weeks. An increase in inflammatory B2 cells was detected in Id3-/- epididymal AT. HA accumulated in epididymal AT of high-fat diet-fed Id3-/- mice and circulating levels of HA were elevated. Has2 mRNA expression was increased in epididymal AT of Id3-/- mice. Luciferase promoter assays showed that Id3 suppressed Has2 promoter activity, while loss of Id3 stimulated Has2 promoter activity. Functionally, HA strongly promoted B2 cell adhesion in the AT and on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of Id3-/- mice, an effect sensitive to hyaluronidase. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that loss of Id3 increases Has2 expression in the epididymal AT, thereby promoting HA accumulation. In turn, elevated HA content promotes HA-dependent binding of B2 cells and an increase in the B2 cells in the AT, which contributes to AT inflammation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/immunology
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hyaluronan Synthases/genetics
- Hyaluronan Synthases/metabolism
- Hyaluronic Acid/biosynthesis
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Panniculitis/genetics
- Panniculitis/immunology
- Panniculitis/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Misiou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James C. Garmey
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jack M. Hensien
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel B. Harmon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Melissa A. Marshall
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jens W. Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pattarabanjird T, Cress C, Nguyen A, Taylor A, Bekiranov S, McNamara C. A Machine Learning Model Utilizing a Novel SNP Shows Enhanced Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Severity. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121446. [PMID: 33271747 PMCID: PMC7760379 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a powerful approach for predicting outcomes based on patterns and inferences. Improving prediction of severe coronary artery disease (CAD) has the potential for personalizing prevention and treatment strategies and for identifying individuals that may benefit from cardiac catheterization. We developed a novel ML approach combining traditional cardiac risk factors (CRF) with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a gene associated with human CAD (ID3 rs11574) to enhance prediction of CAD severity; Methods: ML models incorporating CRF along with ID3 genotype at rs11574 were evaluated. The most predictive model, a deep neural network, was used to classify patients into high (>32) and low level (≤32) Gensini severity score. This model was trained on 325 and validated on 82 patients. Prediction performance of the model was summarized by a confusion matrix and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC-AUC); and Results: Our neural network predicted severity score with 81% and 87% accuracy for the low and the high groups respectively with an ROC-AUC of 0.84 for 82 patients in the test group. The addition of ID3 rs11574 to CRF significantly enhanced prediction accuracy from 65% to 81% in the low group, and 72% to 84% in the high group. Age, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and systolic blood pressure were the top 3 contributors in predicting severity score; Conclusions: Our neural network including ID3 rs11574 improved prediction of CAD severity over use of Framingham score, which may potentially be helpful for clinical decision making in patients at increased risk of complications from coronary angiography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.P.); (C.C.); (A.T.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Corban Cress
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.P.); (C.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Anh Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Angela Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.P.); (C.C.); (A.T.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Coleen McNamara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.P.); (C.C.); (A.T.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hounkpe BW, Benatti RDO, Carvalho BDS, De Paula EV. Identification of common and divergent gene expression signatures in patients with venous and arterial thrombosis using data from public repositories. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235501. [PMID: 32780732 PMCID: PMC7418995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) figure among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Although associated with distinct pathogenic mechanisms, epidemiological, experimental and clinical trial data suggest that the mechanisms responsible for arterial and venous thrombosis are at least partially overlapped. Herein we aimed to explore shared and discordant pathways involved in the pathogenesis of VTE and CVD at the transcriptomic level and to validate the results in independent cohorts. Five public datasets of gene expression data from VTE and CVD (myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial occlusive disease and stroke) patients were analyzed using an integrative bioinformatic strategy. A machine/statistical learning method was used to derive classifiers for the discrimination of VTE and CVD, and tested in independent datasets. Two sets of genes that were commonly (n = 472) or divergently (n = 124) expressed in CVD and VTE were identified. Genes and pathways associated with innate immune function were over-represented in both conditions, along with pathways associated with complement and hemostasis. Pathways associated with neutrophil activation and with IL-1 signaling were also enriched in CVD compared to VTE. The gene expression signature of VTE more closely resembled the pattern of cardioembolic stroke than the patterns of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Classifiers derived from these gene lists accurately discriminated patients with VTE and CVD from independent cohorts. In conclusion, our results add a new set of data at the transcriptomic level for future studies between arterial and venous thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benilton de Sá Carvalho
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Erich Vinicius De Paula
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cherepanova OA, Srikakulapu P, Greene ES, Chaklader M, Haskins RM, McCanna ME, Bandyopadhyay S, Ban B, Leitinger N, McNamara CA, Owens GK. Novel Autoimmune IgM Antibody Attenuates Atherosclerosis in IgM Deficient Low-Fat Diet-Fed, but Not Western Diet-Fed Apoe-/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:206-219. [PMID: 31645128 PMCID: PMC7006879 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), such as the oxidized derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, have been shown to be the principal biologically active components of minimally oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). The role of OxPL in cardiovascular diseases is well recognized, including activation of inflammation within vascular cells. Atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice fed a high-fat diet develop antibodies to OxPL, and hybridoma B-cell lines producing natural anti-OxPL autoantibodies have been successfully generated and characterized. However, as yet, no studies have been reported demonstrating that treatment with OxPL neutralizing antibodies can be used to prevent or reverse advanced atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Here, using a screening against 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, we generated a novel IgM autoantibody, 10C12, from the spleens of Apoe-/- mice fed a long-term Western diet, that demonstrated potent OxPL neutralizing activity in vitro and the ability to inhibit macrophage accumulation within arteries of Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. Of interest, 10C12 failed to inhibit atherosclerosis progression in Apoe-/- mice treated between 18 and 26 weeks of Western diet feeding likely due at least in part to high levels of endogenous anti-OxPL antibodies. However, 10C12 treatment caused a 40% decrease in lipid accumulation within aortas of secreted IgM deficient, sIgM-/-Apoe-/-, mice fed a low-fat diet, when the antibody was administrated between 32-40 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results provide direct evidence showing that treatment with a single autoimmune anti-OxPL IgM antibody during advanced disease stages can have an atheroprotective outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Malay Chaklader
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Ryan M. Haskins
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mary E. McCanna
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Smarajit Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Biotechnology Core, Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Bhupal Ban
- Antibody Engineering and Technology Core, University of Virginia, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, USA
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meier LA, Binstadt BA. The Contribution of Autoantibodies to Inflammatory Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:911. [PMID: 29755478 PMCID: PMC5934424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and resulting tissue damage underlie the vast majority of acquired cardiovascular disease (CVD), a general term encompassing a widely diverse array of conditions. Both innate and adaptive immune mechanisms contribute to chronic inflammation in CVD. Although maladies, such as atherosclerosis and cardiac fibrosis, are commonly conceptualized as disorders of inflammation, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote inflammation during the natural history of these diseases in human patients are not fully defined. Autoantibodies (AAbs) with specificity to self-derived epitopes accompany many forms of CVD in humans. Both adaptive/induced iAAbs (generated following cognate antigen encounter) and also autoantigen-reactive natural antibodies (produced independently of infection and in the absence of T cell help) have been demonstrated to modulate the natural history of multiple forms of CVD including atherosclerosis (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease), dilated cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease. Despite the breadth of experimental evidence for the role of AAbs in CVD, there is a lack of consensus regarding their specific functions, primarily due to disparate conclusions reached, even when similar approaches and experimental models are used. In this review, we seek to summarize the current understanding of AAb function in CVD through critical assessment of the clinical and experimental evidence in this field. We additionally highlight the difficulty in translating observations made in animal models to human physiology and disease and provide a summary of unresolved questions that are critical to address in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee A Meier
- Center for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Svendstrup M, Appel EVR, Sandholt CH, Ahluwalia TS, Ängquist LH, Thuesen BH, Jørgensen ME, Pedersen O, Grarup N, Hansen T, Sørensen TIA, Vestergaard H. Prospective Studies Exploring the Possible Impact of an ID3 Polymorphism on Changes in Obesity Measures. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:747-754. [PMID: 29442437 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changes in fat mass depend on adipogenesis and angiogenesis, mechanisms regulated by the inhibitor of differentiation-3 (ID3). Id3 knockout mice showed attenuated increases in BMI and visceral fat mass. We hypothesized that the ID3 missense variant (rs11574-A) would lead to an attenuated increase over time in fat mass, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) in humans. METHODS The genotyped study populations included the Obesity Research Group - Genetics (ORGGEN) cohort, a cohort of men with obesity (N = 716) and of randomly selected men (N = 826) from the Danish draft register who were examined at mean ages of 20 and 46 years, and the Inter99 (N = 6,116) and Health2006 (N = 2,761) cohorts, two population-based samples of middle-aged people, followed up after 5 years. RESULTS In meta-analyses of all data, no association was found between rs11574-A and changes in BMI, WC, WHR, or fat mass. We found an association between rs11574-A and cross-sectional BMI (N = 10,359, β: -0.16 kg/m2 per allele, 95% CI: -0.30 to -0.01, P = 0.033) and fat mass (N = 4,188, β: -0.52 kg/m2 per allele, 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.01, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS No consistent impact of the genetic variant on changes in fat mass, BMI, or fat distribution was found in three Danish cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Svendstrup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Emil V R Appel
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla H Sandholt
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H Ängquist
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee JH, Park SJ, Hariharasudhan G, Kim MJ, Jung SM, Jeong SY, Chang IY, Kim C, Kim E, Yu J, Bae S, You HJ. ID3 regulates the MDC1-mediated DNA damage response in order to maintain genome stability. Nat Commun 2017; 8:903. [PMID: 29026069 PMCID: PMC5638908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MDC1 plays a critical role in the DNA damage response (DDR) by interacting directly with several factors including γ-H2AX. However, the mechanism by which MDC1 is recruited to damaged sites remains elusive. Here, we show that MDC1 interacts with a helix–loop–helix (HLH)-containing protein called inhibitor of DNA-binding 3 (ID3). In response to double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome, ATM phosphorylates ID3 at serine 65 within the HLH motif, and this modification allows a direct interaction with MDC1. Moreover, depletion of ID3 results in impaired formation of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced MDC1 foci, suppression of γ-H2AX-bound MDC1, impaired DSB repair, cellular hypersensitivity to IR, and genomic instability. Disruption of the MDC1–ID3 interaction prevents accumulation of MDC1 at sites of DSBs and suppresses DSB repair. Thus, our study uncovers an ID3-dependent mechanism of recruitment of MDC1 to DNA damage sites and suggests that the ID3–MDC1 interaction is crucial for DDR. MDC1 is a key component of the DNA damage response and interacts with several factors such as γ-H2AX. Here the authors show that MDC1 interacts with ID3, facilitating MDC1 recruitment to sites of damage and repair of breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seon-Joo Park
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Premedical Sciences, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Gurusamy Hariharasudhan
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Mi Jung
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Jeong
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Youb Chang
- Department of Anatomy, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin You
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Cancer Therapeutics, Cancer Mutation Research Center, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University School of medicine, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Contribution of Inhibitor of DNA Binding/Differentiation-3 and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals to Pathophysiological Aspects of Chronic Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6307109. [PMID: 28785583 PMCID: PMC5530454 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6307109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The overwhelming increase in the global incidence of obesity and its associated complications such as insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, pulmonary disease, and degenerative disorders including dementia constitutes a serious public health problem. The Inhibitor of DNA Binding/Differentiation-3 (ID3), a member of the ID family of transcriptional regulators, has been shown to play a role in adipogenesis and therefore ID3 may influence obesity and metabolic health in response to environmental factors. This review will highlight the current understanding of how ID3 may contribute to complex chronic diseases via metabolic perturbations. Based on the increasing number of reports that suggest chronic exposure to and accumulation of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) within the human body are associated with metabolic disorders, we will also consider the impact of these chemicals on ID3. Improved understanding of the ID3 pathways by which exposure to EDCs can potentiate complex chronic diseases in populations with metabolic disorders (obesity, metabolic syndrome, and glucose intolerance) will likely provide useful knowledge in the prevention and control of complex chronic diseases associated with exposure to environmental pollutants.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kohlgrüber S, Upadhye A, Dyballa-Rukes N, McNamara CA, Altschmied J. Regulation of Transcription Factors by Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in Vascular Physiology and Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:679-699. [PMID: 27841660 PMCID: PMC5421514 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide and pose an immense economical burden. In most cases, the underlying problem is vascular occlusion by atherosclerotic plaques. Importantly, different cell types of the vascular wall and the immune system play crucial roles in atherosclerosis at different stages of the disease. Furthermore, atherosclerosis and conditions recognized as risk factors are characterized by a reduced availability of the vasoprotective molecule nitric oxide and an increase in reactive oxygen species, so-called oxidative stress. Transcription factors function as intracellular signal integrators and relays and thus, play a central role in cellular responses to changing conditions. Recent Advances: Work on specific transcriptional regulators has uncovered many of their functions and the upstream pathways modulating their activity in response to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Here, we have reviewed for a few selected examples how this can contribute not only to protection against atherosclerosis development but also to disease progression and the occurrence of clinical manifestations, such as plaque rupture. CRITICAL ISSUES Transcription factors have pleiotropic outputs and often also divergent functions in different cell types and tissues. Thus, in light of potential severe adverse side effects, a global activation or inhibition of particular transcriptions factors does not seem a feasible therapeutic option. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A further in-depth characterization of the cell- and stage-specific actions and regulation of transcription factors in atherosclerosis with respect to protein-protein interactions and target genes could open up new avenues for prevention or therapeutic interventions in this vascular disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 679-699.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kohlgrüber
- 1 IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Cancer Biology, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nadine Dyballa-Rukes
- 1 IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- 1 IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine , Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang LH, Baker NE. E Proteins and ID Proteins: Helix-Loop-Helix Partners in Development and Disease. Dev Cell 2016; 35:269-80. [PMID: 26555048 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins represent a well-known class of transcriptional regulators. Many bHLH proteins act as heterodimers with members of a class of ubiquitous partners, the E proteins. A widely expressed class of inhibitory heterodimer partners-the Inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins-also exists. Genetic and molecular analyses in humans and in knockout mice implicate E proteins and ID proteins in a wide variety of diseases, belying the notion that they are non-specific partner proteins. Here, we explore relationships of E proteins and ID proteins to a variety of disease processes and highlight gaps in knowledge of disease mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hsin Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Nicholas E Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rosenfeld SM, Perry HM, Gonen A, Prohaska TA, Srikakulapu P, Grewal S, Das D, McSkimming C, Taylor AM, Tsimikas S, Bender TP, Witztum JL, McNamara CA. B-1b Cells Secrete Atheroprotective IgM and Attenuate Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2015; 117:e28-39. [PMID: 26082558 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.306044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE B cells contribute to atherosclerosis through subset-specific mechanisms. Whereas some controversy exists about the role of B-2 cells, B-1a cells are atheroprotective because of secretion of atheroprotective IgM antibodies independent of antigen. B-1b cells, a unique subset of B-1 cells that respond specifically to T-cell-independent antigens, have not been studied within the context of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To determine whether B-1b cells produce atheroprotective IgM antibodies and function to protect against diet-induced atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate that B-1b cells are sufficient to produce IgM antibodies against oxidation-specific epitopes on low-density lipoprotein both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate that B-1b cells provide atheroprotection after adoptive transfer into B- and T-cell deficient (Rag1(-/-)Apoe(-/-)) hosts. We implicate inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) in the regulation of B-1b cells as B-cell-specific Id3 knockout mice (Id3(BKO)Apoe(-/-)) have increased numbers of B-1b cells systemically, increased titers of oxidation-specific epitope-reactive IgM antibodies, and significantly reduced diet-induced atherosclerosis when compared with Id3(WT)Apoe(-/-) controls. Finally, we report that the presence of a homozygous single nucleotide polymorphism in ID3 in humans that attenuates Id3 function is associated with an increased percentage of circulating B-1 cells and anti-malondialdehyde-low-density lipoprotein IgM suggesting clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel evidence that B-1b cells produce atheroprotective oxidation-specific epitope-reactive IgM antibodies and protect against atherosclerosis in mice and suggest that similar mechanisms may occur in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam M Rosenfeld
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Heather M Perry
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Thomas A Prohaska
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sukhdeep Grewal
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Deepanjana Das
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Angela M Taylor
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Timothy P Bender
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.M.R., H.M.P., P.S., S.G., D.D., C.M., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (S.M.R., H.M.P.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (A.M.T., C.A.M.), and Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (T.P.B., C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.G., T.A.P., J.L.W.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (S.T.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Svendstrup M, Vestergaard H. The potential role of inhibitor of differentiation-3 in human adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic health. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 113:149-54. [PMID: 25239768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic health in obesity is known to differ among individuals, and the distribution of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) plays an important role in this regard. Adipose tissue expansion is dependent on new blood vessel formation in order to prevent hypoxia and inflammation in the tissue. Regulation of angiogenesis in SAT and VAT in response to diet is therefore crucial for the metabolic outcome in obesity. Knowledge about the underlying genetic mechanisms determining metabolic health in obesity is very limited. We aimed to review the literature of the inhibitor of differentiation-3 (ID3) gene in relation to adipose tissue and angiogenesis in humans in order to determine whether ID3 could be involved in the regulation of adipose tissue expansion and metabolic health in human obesity. We find evidence that ID3 is involved in regulatory mechanisms in adipose tissue and regulates angiogenesis in many tissues including adipose tissue. We discuss how this might influence obesity and metabolic health in obesity and further discuss some potential mechanisms by which ID3 might regulate visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion. The combined results from the reviewed literature suggest ID3 to play a potential role in the underlying regulatory mechanisms of metabolic health in human obesity. The literature is still sparse and further studies focusing on human ID3 in relation to the nature of obesity are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Svendstrup
- The Danish Diabetes Academy and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Diabetes Academy and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Universitetsparken 1, 1st Floor, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to atherosclerotic lesions is not as well studied as that of monocytes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and discuss chemokines and chemokine receptors involved in lymphocyte homing to atherosclerotic lesions. We review evidence for involvement of the chemokines CCL5, CCL19, CCL21, CXCL10, and CXCL16 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor in lymphocyte homing in atherosclerosis. Also, we review the role of their receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR6, and CXCR2/CXCR4 and the role of the L-selectin in mouse models of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA
| | - Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Segedy AK, Pyle AL, Li B, Zhang Y, Babaev VR, Jat P, Fazio S, Atkinson JB, Linton MF, Young PP. Identification of small proline-rich repeat protein 3 as a novel atheroprotective factor that promotes adaptive Akt signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2527-36. [PMID: 25278290 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is the primary driver of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. Identification of naturally occurring atheroprotective genes has become a major goal for the development of interventions that will limit atheroma progression and associated adverse events. To this end, we have identified small proline-rich repeat protein (SPRR3) as selectively upregulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of atheroma-bearing arterial tissue versus healthy arterial tissue. In this study, we sought to determine the role of SPRR3 in atheroma pathophysiology. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that atheroprone apolipoprotein E-null mice lacking SPRR3 developed significantly greater atheroma burden. To determine the cellular driver(s) of this increase, we evaluated SPRR3-dependent changes in bone marrow-derived cells, endothelial cells, and VSMCs. Bone marrow transplant of SPRR3-expressing cells into SPRR3(-/-)apolipoprotein E-deficient recipients failed to rescue atheroma burden. Similarly, endothelial cells did not exhibit a response to SPRR3 loss. However, atheromas from SPRR3-deficient mice exhibited increased TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling)-positive VSMCs compared with control. Cell death in SPRR3-deficient VSMCs was significantly increased in vitro. Conversely, SPRR3-overexpressing VSMCs exhibited reduced apoptosis compared with control. We also observed a PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt-dependent positive association between SPRR3 expression and levels of active Akt in VSMCs. The survival advantage seen in SPRR3-overexpressing VSMCs was abrogated after the addition of a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SPRR3 protects the lesion from VSMC loss by promoting survival signaling in plaque VSMCs, thereby significantly decreasing atherosclerosis progression. As the first identified atheroma-specific VSMC prosurvival factor, SPRR3 represents a potential target for lesion-specific modulation of VSMC survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Segedy
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - Amy L Pyle
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - Bin Li
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - Youmin Zhang
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - Vladimir R Babaev
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - Parmjit Jat
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - Sergio Fazio
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - James B Atkinson
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - MacRae F Linton
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.)
| | - Pampee P Young
- From the Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (A.K.S., B.L., S.F., J.B.A., P.P.Y.) and Departments of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (J.B.A., P.P.Y.), Pharmacology (M.F.L.), and Medicine (Y.Z., V.R.B., S.F., M.F.L., P.P.Y.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom (P.J.); Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH (A.L.P.); and Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus (A.L.P.).
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang J, Li X, Morrell NW. Id proteins in the vasculature: from molecular biology to cardiopulmonary medicine. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 104:388-98. [PMID: 25274246 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitors of differentiation (Id) proteins belong to the helix-loop-helix group of transcription factors and regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. Recent studies have reported that Id proteins play important roles in cardiogenesis and formation of the vasculature. We have also demonstrated that heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) patients have dysregulated Id gene expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. The interaction between bone morphogenetic proteins and other growth factors or cytokines regulates Id gene expression, which impacts on pulmonary vascular cell differentiation and proliferation. Exploration of the roles of Id proteins in vascular remodelling that occurs in PAH and atherosclerosis might provide new insights into the molecular basis of these diseases. In addition, current progress in identification of the interactors of Id proteins will further the understanding of the function of Ids in vascular cells and enable the identification of novel targets for therapy in PAH and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 5 DongdanSantiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nackiewicz D, Dey P, Szczerba B, Mohammad S, Kaplan JL, McNamara CA, Deshmukh US, Bagavant H. Inhibitor of differentiation 3, a transcription factor, regulates hyperlipidemia-associated kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 126:141-7. [PMID: 24854879 DOI: 10.1159/000362452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein abnormalities are associated with a rapid decline in renal function in patients of chronic kidney disease. In addition, hyperlipidemia is associated with an increased risk of developing renal insufficiency. The underlying molecular mechanisms for these clinical findings are unclear. We have previously reported a role for inhibitor of differentiation 3 (ID3), a transcription factor, in regulating kidney disease in hyperlipidemia. Introducing a genetic deficiency of Id3 in spontaneously hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice led to accelerated mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. The present study was carried out to further investigate the contribution of ID3 in hyperlipidemia-associated kidney disease. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice that were ID3-sufficient wild-type (WT) or ID3-deficient (Id3(-/-)) were fed a Western diet and evaluated for proteinuria, glomerular pathology, and immune infiltrating cells. Primary mesangial cell lines were generated from both mouse strains and stimulated with oxidized phospholipids. Cytokines and chemokines produced were measured by multiplex assays, ELISA, and QPCR. Glomerular isolates were studied for CXCL1 expression by QPCR. RESULTS Id3(-/-) mice on a Western diet developed accelerated proteinuria and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis compared to WT controls. In vitro, Id3(-/-) glomerular mesangial cell lines produced higher levels of the monocyte chemoattractant CXCL1 in response to oxidized phospholipids. This was consistent with the rapid increase in glomerular CXCL1 expression followed by macrophage infiltration in Id3(-/-) mice fed a Western diet. CONCLUSIONS A functional ID3 influences susceptibility to kidney disease and prevents glomerular injury by regulating local chemokine production and inflammatory cell recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Nackiewicz
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
A functionally significant polymorphism in ID3 is associated with human coronary pathology. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90222. [PMID: 24603695 PMCID: PMC3946163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We previously identified association between the ID3 SNP rs11574 and carotid intima-media thickness in the Diabetes Heart Study, a predominantly White diabetic population. The nonsynonymous SNP rs11574 results in an amino acid substitution in the C-terminal region of ID3, attenuating the dominant negative function of ID3 as an inhibitor of basic HLH factor E12-mediated transcription. In the current investigation, we characterize the association between the functionally significant polymorphism in ID3, rs11574, with human coronary pathology. Methods and Results The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a longitudinal study of subclinical cardiovascular disease, including non-Hispanic White (n = 2,588), African American (n = 2,560) and Hispanic (n = 2,130) participants with data on coronary artery calcium (CAC). The Coronary Assessment in Virginia cohort (CAVA) included 71 patients aged 30–80 years, undergoing a medically necessary cardiac catheterization and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at the University of Virginia. ID3 SNP rs11574 risk allele was associated with the presence of CAC in MESA Whites (P = 0.017). In addition, the risk allele was associated with greater atheroma burden and stenosis in the CAVA cohort (P = 0.003, P = 0.04 respectively). The risk allele remained predictive of atheroma burden in multivariate analysis (Model 1: covariates age, gender, and LDL, regression coefficient = 9.578, SE = 3.657, p = 0.0110; Model 2: covariates Model 1, presence of hypertension, presence of diabetes, regression coefficient = 8.389, SE = 4.788, p = 0.0163). Conclusions We present additional cohorts that demonstrate association of ID3 SNP rs11574 directly with human coronary artery pathology as measured by CAC and IVUS: one a multiethnic, relatively healthy population with low levels of diabetes and the second a predominantly White population with a higher incidence of T2DM referred for cardiac catheterization.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The family of inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins is a group of evolutionarily conserved molecules, which play important regulatory roles in organisms ranging from Drosophila to humans. Id proteins are small polypeptides harboring a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif, which are best known to mediate dimerization with other basic HLH proteins, primarily E proteins. Because Id proteins do not possess the basic amino acids adjacent to the HLH motif necessary for DNA binding, Id proteins inhibit the function of E protein homodimers, as well as heterodimers between E proteins and tissue-specific bHLH proteins. However, Id proteins have also been shown to have E protein-independent functions. The Id genes are broadly but differentially expressed in a variety of cell types. Transcription of the Id genes is controlled by transcription factors such as C/EBPβ and Egr as well as by signaling pathways triggered by different stimuli, which include bone morphogenic proteins, cytokines, and ligands of T cell receptors. In general, Id proteins are capable of inhibiting the differentiation of progenitors of different cell types, promoting cell-cycle progression, delaying cellular senescence, and facilitating cell migration. These properties of Id proteins enable them to play significant roles in stem cell maintenance, vasculogenesis, tumorigenesis and metastasis, the development of the immune system, and energy metabolism. In this review, we intend to highlight the current understanding of the function of Id proteins and discuss gaps in our knowledge about the mechanisms whereby Id proteins exert their diverse effects in multiple cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ling
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bin Kang
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Immunobiology Cancer Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
de Las Fuentes L, Sung YJ, Schwander KL, Kalathiveetil S, Hunt SC, Arnett DK, Rao DC. The role of SNP-loop diuretic interactions in hypertension across ethnic groups in HyperGEN. Front Genet 2013; 4:304. [PMID: 24400021 PMCID: PMC3872290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is significantly influenced by genetic factors; however, less than 3% of the BP variance has been accounted for by variants identified from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of primarily European-descent cohorts. Other genetic influences, including gene-environment (GxE) interactions, may explain more of the unexplained variance in BP. African Americans (AA) have a higher prevalence and earlier age of onset of hypertension (HTN) as compared with European Americans (EA); responses to anti-hypertensive drugs vary across race groups. To examine potential interactions between the use of loop diuretics and HTN traits, we analyzed systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood BP from 1222 AA and 1231 EA participants in the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN). Population-specific score tests were used to test associations of SBP and DBP, using a panel of genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for AA (2.9 million SNPs) and EA (2.3 million SNPs). Several promising loci were identified through gene-loop diuretic interactions, although no SNP reached genome-wide significance after adjustment for genomic inflation. In AA, SNPs in or near the genes NUDT12, CHL1, GRIA1, CACNB2, and PYHIN1 were identified for SBP, and SNPs near ID3 were identified for DBP. For EA, promising SNPs for SBP were identified in ESR1 and for DBP in SPATS2L and EYA2. Among these SNPs, none were common across phenotypes or population groups. Biologic plausibility exists for many of the identified genes, suggesting that these are candidate genes for regulation of BP and/or anti-hypertensive drug response. The lack of genome-wide significance is understandable in this small study employing gene-drug interactions. These findings provide a set of prioritized SNPs/candidate genes for future studies in HTN. Studies in more diversified population samples may help identify previously missed variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA ; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen L Schwander
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonia Kalathiveetil
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Division of Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Morris-Rosenfeld S, Lipinski MJ, McNamara CA. Understanding the role of B cells in atherosclerosis: potential clinical implications. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2013; 10:77-89. [PMID: 24308836 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.857602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease of the medium to large arteries that is the largest contributor to cardiovascular disease. B-cell subsets have been shown in animal models of atherosclerosis to have both atherogenic and atheroprotective properties. In this review, we highlight the research that developed our understanding of the role of B cells in atherosclerosis both in humans and mice. From this we discuss the potential clinical impact B cells could have both as diagnostic biomarkers and as targets for immunotherapy. Finally, we recognize the inherent difficulty in translating findings from animal models into humans given the differences in both cardiovascular disease and the immune system between mice and humans, making the case for greater efforts at addressing the role of B cells in human atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Morris-Rosenfeld
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA and Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Tedgui
- From the INSERM U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité (A.T., H.A.-O.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (A.T.); and Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.)
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- From the INSERM U970, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité (A.T., H.A.-O.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (A.T.); and Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (H.A.-O.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Perry HM, Oldham SN, Fahl SP, Que X, Gonen A, Harmon DB, Tsimikas S, Witztum JL, Bender TP, McNamara CA. Helix-loop-helix factor inhibitor of differentiation 3 regulates interleukin-5 expression and B-1a B cell proliferation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2771-9. [PMID: 24115031 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural immunity is emerging as an important mediator of protection from atherogenesis. Natural IgM antibodies that recognize oxidation-specific epitopes on low-density lipoprotein or phospholipids and the B-1a B cells that produce them attenuate atherosclerosis. We previously demonstrated that Apoe(-/-) mice globally deficient in the helix-loop-helix protein inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) develop early diet-induced atherosclerosis. Furthermore, B cell-mediated attenuation of atherosclerosis in B cell-deficient mice was dependent on Id3. Here, we sought to determine whether Id3 regulates B-1a B cells and the natural antibodies that they produce and identify mechanisms mediating these effects. APPROACH AND RESULTS Mice lacking Id3 had significantly fewer B-1a B cells in the spleen and peritoneal cavity and reduced serum levels of the natural antibody E06. B cell-specific deletion of Id3 revealed that this effect was not because of the loss of Id3 in B cells. Interleukin (IL)-33 induced abundant, Id3-dependent IL-5 production in the recently identified innate lymphoid cell, the natural helper (NH) cell, but not Th2 or mast cells. In addition, delivery of IL-5 to Id3-deficient mice restored B-1a B cell proliferation. B-1a B cells were present in aortic samples also containing NH cells. Aortic NH cells produced IL-5, a B-1a B cell mitogen in response to IL-33 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These studies are the first to identify NH and B-1a B cells in the aorta and provide evidence that Id3 is a key regulator of NH cell IL-5 production and B-1a B cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Perry
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (H.M.P., S.N.O., D.B.H., C.A.M.), Department of Pathology (H.M.P.), Department of Medicine (S.N.O.), Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research (S.P.F., C.A.M.), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology (S.P.F., T.P.B.), Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics (D.B.H., T.P.B.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division (C.A.M.), Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (X.Q., A.G., S.T., J.L.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yang J, Li X, Li Y, Southwood M, Ye L, Long L, Al-Lamki RS, Morrell NW. Id proteins are critical downstream effectors of BMP signaling in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L312-21. [PMID: 23771884 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00054.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR-II) mutations are responsible for over 70% of cases of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Loss of BMP signaling promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling via modulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Id proteins (Id1-4) are major downstream transcriptional targets of BMP signaling. However, the impact of BMPR-II mutation on the expression of the range of Id proteins and the contribution of individual Id proteins to abnormal PASMC function remain unclear. Human PASMCs were used to determine the expression of Id proteins (Id1-4) by real-time PCR and immunoblotting. The BMP responses in control cells were compared with PASMCs harboring BMPR-II mutations and cells in which BMPR-II was knocked down by siRNA transfection. Id3 expression in pulmonary vessels was also investigated in BMPR-II mutant mice and in patients with heritable PAH. BMP4 and BMP6, but not BMP9, induced mRNA expression of Id1, Id2, and Id3. The BMP-stimulated induction of Id1 and Id3 was markedly reduced in BMPR-II mutant PASMCs and in control PASMCs following siRNA silencing of BMPR-II. Pulmonary arteries in BMPR-II mutant mice and patients with heritable PAH demonstrated reduced levels of Id3 compared with control subjects. Lentiviral overexpression of Id3 reduced cell cycle progression and inhibited proliferation of PASMCs. Lipopolysaccharide further reduced Id3 expression in mutant PASMCs. In conclusion, Id proteins, and particularly Id1 and Id3, are critical downstream effectors of BMP signaling in PASMCs. Loss of BMPR-II function reduces the induction of Id genes in PASMCs, Id1, and Id3 regulate the proliferation of PASMCs via cell cycle inhibition, an effect that may be exacerbated by inflammatory stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Dept. of Medicine, Level 5, Box 157 Addenbrooke's Hospitals, Hills Rd., Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK..
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Smolock EM, Korshunov VA, Glazko G, Qiu X, Gerloff J, Berk BC. Ribosomal protein L17, RpL17, is an inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle growth and carotid intima formation. Circulation 2012; 126:2418-27. [PMID: 23065385 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.125971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotid intima-media thickening is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in humans. We discovered that intima formation and cell proliferation in response to carotid injury is greater in SJL/J (SJL) in comparison with C3HeB/FeJ (C3H/F) mice. The purpose of this study was to identify candidate genes contributing to intima formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed microarray and bioinformatic analyses of carotid arteries from C3H/F and SJL mice. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the ribosome pathway was significantly up-regulated in C3H/F in comparison with SJL mice. Expression of a ribosomal protein, RpL17, was >40-fold higher in C3H/F carotids in comparison with SJL. Aortic vascular smooth muscle cells from C3H/F grew slower in comparison to SJL. To determine the role of RpL17 in vascular smooth muscle cell growth regulation, we analyzed the relationship between RpL17 expression and cell cycle progression. Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from mice, rats, and humans showed that RpL17 expression inversely correlated with growth as shown by decreased cells in S phase and increased cells in G(0)/G(1). To prove that RpL17 acted as a growth inhibitor in vivo, we used pluronic gel delivery of RpL17 small interfering RNA to C3H/F carotid arteries. This resulted in an 8-fold increase in the number of proliferating cells. Furthermore, following partial carotid ligation in SJL mice, RpL17 expression in the intima and media decreased, but the number of proliferating cells increased. CONCLUSIONS RpL17 acts as a vascular smooth muscle cell growth inhibitor (akin to a tumor suppressor) and represents a potential therapeutic target to limit carotid intima-media thickening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Smolock
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lipinski MJ, Campbell KA, Duong SQ, Welch TJ, Garmey JC, Doran AC, Skaflen MD, Oldham SN, Kelly KA, McNamara CA. Loss of Id3 increases VCAM-1 expression, macrophage accumulation, and atherogenesis in Ldlr-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2855-61. [PMID: 23042815 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibitor of differention-3 (Id3) promotes B cells homing to the aorta and atheroprotection in Apoe(-/-) mice. We sought to determine the impact of loss of Id3 in the Ldlr((-/-)) mouse model of diet-induced atherosclerosis and identify novel Id3 targets in the vessel wall. METHODS AND RESULTS Ex vivo optical imaging confirmed that Id3((-/-)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice have significantly fewer aortic B cells than Id3((+/+)) Ldlr(-/-) mice. After 8 and 16 weeks of Western diet, Id3((-/-)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice developed significantly more atherosclerosis than Id3((+/+)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice, with Id3(+/-) Ldlr(-/-) mice demonstrating an intermediate phenotype. There were no differences in serum lipid levels between genotypes. Immunostaining demonstrated that aortas from Id3((-/-)) Ldlr((-/-)) mice had greater intimal macrophage density and C-C chemokine ligand 20 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression compared with Id3((+/+)) Ldlr(-/-) mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction demonstrated increased VCAM-1 mRNA levels in the aortas of Id3(-/-) Ldlr(-/-) mice. Primary vascular smooth muscle cells from Id3((-/-)) mice expressed greater amounts of VCAM-1 protein compared with control. Gain and loss of function studies in primary vascular smooth muscle cells identified a role for Id3 in repressing VCAM-1 promoter activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated interaction of E12 with the VCAM-1 promoter, which is inhibited by Id3. CONCLUSIONS Id3 is an atheroprotective transcription regulator with targets in both B cells and vessel wall cells leading to reduced macrophage accumulation and reduced atherosclerosis formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lipinski
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Campbell KA, Lipinski MJ, Doran AC, Skaflen MD, Fuster V, McNamara CA. Lymphocytes and the adventitial immune response in atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2012; 110:889-900. [PMID: 22427326 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.263186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although much of the research on atherosclerosis has focused on the intimal accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells, there is an increasing amount of interest in the role of the adventitia in coordinating the immune response in atherosclerosis. In this review of the contributions of the adventitia and adventitial lymphocytes to the development of atherosclerosis, we discuss recent research on the formation and structural nature of adventitial immune aggregates, potential mechanisms of crosstalk between the intima, media, and adventitia, specific contributions of B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, and the role of the vasa vasorum and surrounding perivascular adipose tissue. Furthermore, we highlight techniques for the imaging of lymphocytes in the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti A Campbell
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang J, Friedman MH. Adaptive response of vascular endothelial cells to an acute increase in shear stress magnitude. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 302:H983-91. [PMID: 22140046 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00168.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation of vascular endothelial cells to shear stress alteration induced by global hemodynamic changes, such as those accompanying exercise or digestion, is an essential component of normal endothelial physiology in vivo. An understanding of the transient regulation of endothelial phenotype during adaptation to changes in mural shear will advance our understanding of endothelial biology and may yield new insights into the mechanism of atherogenesis. In this study, we characterized the adaptive response of arterial endothelial cells to an acute increase in shear stress magnitude in well-defined in vitro settings. Porcine endothelial cells were preconditioned by a basal level shear stress of 15 ± 15 dyn/cm(2) at 1 Hz for 24 h, after which an acute increase in shear stress to 30 ± 15 dyn/cm(2) was applied. Endothelial permeability nearly doubled after 40-min exposure to the elevated shear stress and then decreased gradually. Transcriptomics studies using microarray techniques identified 86 genes that were sensitive to the elevated shear. The acute increase in shear stress promoted the expression of a group of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative genes. The adaptive response of the global gene expression profile is triphasic, consisting of an induction period, an early adaptive response (ca. 45 min) and a late remodeling response. Our results suggest that endothelial cells exhibit a specific phenotype during the adaptive response to changes in shear stress; this phenotype is different than that of fully adapted endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Doran AC, Lipinski MJ, Oldham SN, Garmey JC, Campbell KA, Skaflen MD, Cutchins A, Lee DJ, Glover DK, Kelly KA, Galkina EV, Ley K, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S, Bender TP, McNamara CA. B-cell aortic homing and atheroprotection depend on Id3. Circ Res 2011; 110:e1-12. [PMID: 22034493 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.256438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE B cells are abundant in the adventitia of normal and diseased vessels. Yet, the molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating homing of B cells to the vessel wall and B-cell effects on atherosclerosis are poorly understood. Inhibitor of differentiation-3 (Id3) is important for atheroprotection in mice and polymorphism in the human ID3 gene has been implicated as a potential risk marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Yet, the role of Id3 in B-cell regulation of atherosclerosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine if Id3 regulates B-cell homing to the aorta and atheroprotection and identify molecular and cellular mechanisms mediating this effect. METHODS AND RESULTS Loss of Id3 in Apoe(-/-) mice resulted in early and increased atherosclerosis. Flow cytometry revealed a defect in Id3(-/-) Apoe(-/-) mice in the number of B cells in the aorta but not the spleen, lymph nodes, and circulation. Similarly, B cells transferred from Id3(-/-) Apoe(-/-) mice into B-cell-deficient mice reconstituted spleen, lymph node, and blood similarly to B cells from Id3(+/+) Apoe(-/-) mice, but aortic reconstitution and B-cell-mediated inhibition of diet-induced atherosclerosis was significantly impaired. In addition to retarding initiation of atherosclerosis, B cells homed to regions of existing atherosclerosis, reduced macrophage content in plaque, and attenuated progression of disease. The chemokine receptor CCR6 was identified as an important Id3 target mediating aortic homing and atheroprotection. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results are the first to identify the Id3-CCR6 pathway in B cells and demonstrate its role in aortic B-cell homing and B-cell-mediated protection from early atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Doran
- University of Virginia, PO Box 801394, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Deficiency of a transcriptional regulator, inhibitor of differentiation 3, induces glomerulonephritis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: a model linking hyperlipidemia and renal disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:651-60. [PMID: 21801865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical association between hyperlipidemia and renal disease is well established, yet hyperlipidemia as a cause for renal disease is rare. Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice develop hyperlipidemia and are a model for atherosclerosis. Introducing deficiency of inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) in ApoE(-/-) mice further exacerbates atherosclerosis. ID3 is a transcription regulator expressed in multiple cell types. Id3(-/-) mice develop antibodies to self-antigens and salivary gland autoimmunity. This study was undertaken to investigate a link between hyperlipidemia, autoimmunity, and renal disease. ApoE(-/-), Id3(-/-), and ApoE(-/-)Id3(-/-) double-knockout (DKO) mice were studied at different ages for renal pathological features and function. Serum samples were analyzed for the presence of autoantibodies. At 16 weeks, DKO mice developed mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), leading to severe proteinuria. GN was associated with glomerular deposition of lipids and immune complexes and with macrophage infiltration. DKO mice had high levels of circulating autoantibodies. Although ApoE(-/-) mice had glomerular lipid deposits and Id3(-/-) mice had circulating autoantibodies, neither group of age-matched single-knockout mice developed GN. These data provide support for the hypothesis that induction of renal disease in hyperlipidemia is dictated by additional factors. Our study shows that some of these factors are regulated by ID3. Thus, ID3 is a novel risk factor linking cardiovascular and renal disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Deliri H, Meller N, Kadakkal A, Malhotra R, Brewster J, Doran AC, Pei H, Oldham SN, Skaflen MD, Garmey JC, McNamara CA. Increased 12/15-Lipoxygenase Enhances Cell Growth, Fibronectin Deposition, and Neointimal Formation in Response to Carotid Injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:110-6. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.212068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Deliri
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Nahum Meller
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ajay Kadakkal
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Rohit Malhotra
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jordan Brewster
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Amanda C. Doran
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Hong Pei
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Stephanie N. Oldham
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Marcus D. Skaflen
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - James C. Garmey
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- From the Cardiovascular Division (H.D., R.M., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; and Cardiovascular Research Center (H.D., N.M., A.K., R.M., J.B., A.C.D., H.P., S.N.O., M.D.S., J.C.G., and C.A.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bowden DW, Cox AJ, Freedman BI, Hugenschimdt CE, Wagenknecht LE, Herrington D, Agarwal S, Register TC, Maldjian JA, Ng MCY, Hsu FC, Langefeld CD, Williamson JD, Carr JJ. Review of the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) family of studies: a comprehensively examined sample for genetic and epidemiological studies of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Rev Diabet Stud 2010; 7:188-201. [PMID: 21409311 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2010.7.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) is a genetic and epidemiological study of 1,443 European American and African American participants from 564 families with multiple cases of type 2 diabetes. Initially, participants were comprehensively examined for measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) including computed tomography measurement of vascular calcified plaque, ultrasound imaging of carotid artery wall thickness, and electrocardiographic intervals. Subsequent studies have investigated the relationship between bone mineral density and vascular calcification, measures of adiposity, and biomarkers. Ongoing studies are carrying out an extensive evaluation of cerebrovascular disease using magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessment. A second, parallel study, the African American DHS, has expanded the sample of African Americans to investigate marked racial differences in subclinical CVD between European Americans and African Americans. Studies in development will evaluate the impact of social stress during the lifecourse on CVD risk, and the prevalence of gastroparesis in this diabetes enriched sample. In addition, the ongoing high mortality rate in DHS participants provides novel insights into the increased risks for type 2 diabetes affected individuals. A comprehensive genetic analysis of the sample is underway using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. Data from this GWAS survey will complement prior family-based linkage data in the analysis of genetic contributors to the wide range of traits in the sample. To our knowledge the DHS family of studies has created the most comprehensively examined sample of individuals with type 2 diabetes yet available, and represents a unique resource for the study people with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to provide a collective overview of the major results from the DHS family of studies, and relate them to the larger body of biomedical investigations of diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao Q, Beck AJ, Vitale JM, Schneider JS, Gao S, Chang C, Elson G, Leibovich SJ, Park JY, Tian B, Nam HS, Fraidenraich D. Developmental ablation of Id1 and Id3 genes in the vasculature leads to postnatal cardiac phenotypes. Dev Biol 2010; 349:53-64. [PMID: 20937270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Id1 and Id3 genes play major roles during cardiac development, despite their expression being confined to non-myocardial layers (endocardium-endothelium-epicardium). We previously described that Id1Id3 double knockout (dKO) mouse embryos die at mid-gestation from multiple cardiac defects, but early lethality precluded the studies of the roles of Id in the postnatal heart. To elucidate postnatal roles of Id genes, we ablated the Id3 gene and conditionally ablated the Id1 gene in the endothelium to generate conditional KO (cKO) embryos. We observed cardiac phenotypes at birth and at 6 months of age. Half of the Id cKO mice died at birth. Postnatal demise was associated with cardiac enlargement and defects in the ventricular septum, trabeculation and vasculature. Surviving Id cKO mice exhibited fibrotic vasculature, cardiac enlargement and decreased cardiac function. An abnormal vascular response was also observed in the healing of excisional skin wounds of Id cKO mice. Expression patterns of vascular, fibrotic and hypertrophic markers were altered in the Id cKO hearts, but addition of Insulin-Like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGFbp3) reversed gene expression profiles of vascular and fibrotic, but not hypertrophic markers. Thus, ablation of Id genes in the vasculature leads to distinct postnatal cardiac phenotypes. These findings provide important insights into the role/s of the endocardial network of the endothelial lineage in the development of cardiac disease, and highlight IGFbp3 as a potential link between Id and its vascular effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingshi Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, UMDNJ, Newark, NJ 07107-1709, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|