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Dahdah N, Tercero-Alcázar C, Malagón MM, Garcia-Roves PM, Guzmán-Ruiz R. Interrelation of adipose tissue macrophages and fibrosis in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116324. [PMID: 38815633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by adipose tissue expansion, extracellular matrix remodelling and unresolved inflammation that contribute to insulin resistance and fibrosis. Adipose tissue macrophages represent the most abundant class of immune cells in adipose tissue inflammation and could be key mediators of adipocyte dysfunction and fibrosis in obesity. Although macrophage activation states are classically defined by the M1/M2 polarization nomenclature, novel studies have revealed a more complex range of macrophage phenotypes in response to external condition or the surrounding microenvironment. Here, we discuss the plasticity of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in response to their microenvironment in obesity, with special focus on macrophage infiltration and polarization, and their contribution to adipose tissue fibrosis. A better understanding of the role of ATMs as regulators of adipose tissue remodelling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Dahdah
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Carmen Tercero-Alcázar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María M Malagón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Miguel Garcia-Roves
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Guzmán-Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, IMIBIC, Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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2
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Zhu G, Cao L, Wu J, Xu M, Zhang Y, Wu M, Li J. Co-morbid intersections of cancer and cardiovascular disease and targets for natural drug action: Reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116875. [PMID: 38850662 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality, and their seemingly separate pathologies are intricately intertwined. In the context of cancer, the cardiovascular disease encompasses not only the side effects arising from anti-tumor treatments but also the metabolic shifts induced by oncological conditions. A growing body of research indicates that lipid metabolic reprogramming serves as a distinctive hallmark of tumors. Furthermore, anomalies in lipid metabolism play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. This study delves into the cardiac implications of lipid metabolic reprogramming within the cancer context, closely examining abnormalities in lipid metabolism present in tumors, cardiac tissue, and immune cells within the microenvironment. Additionally, we examined risk factors such as obesity and anti-tumor therapy. Despite progress, a gap remains in the availability of drugs targeting lipid metabolism modulation for treating tumors and mitigating cardiac risk, with limited advancement seen in prior studies. Here, we present a review of previous research on natural drugs that exhibit both shared and distinct therapeutic effects on tumors and cardiac health by modulating lipid metabolism. Our aim is to provide insights for potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Luchang Cao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Manman Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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3
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Ten Brink T, Damanik F, Rotmans JI, Moroni L. Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell-Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301939. [PMID: 38217464 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials are defined as "engineered materials" and include a range of natural and synthetic products, designed for their introduction into and interaction with living tissues. Biomaterials are considered prominent tools in regenerative medicine that support the restoration of tissue defects and retain physiologic functionality. Although commonly used in the medical field, these constructs are inherently foreign toward the host and induce an immune response at the material-tissue interface, defined as the foreign body response (FBR). A strong connection between the foreign body response and tissue regeneration is suggested, in which an appropriate amount of immune response and macrophage polarization is necessary to trigger autologous tissue formation. Recent developments in this field have led to the characterization of immunomodulatory traits that optimizes bioactivity, the integration of biomaterials and determines the fate of tissue regeneration. This review addresses a variety of aspects that are involved in steering the inflammatory response, including immune cell interactions, physical characteristics, biochemical cues, and metabolomics. Harnessing the advancing knowledge of the FBR allows for the optimization of biomaterial-based implants, aiming to prevent damage of the implant, improve natural regeneration, and provide the tools for an efficient and successful in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ten Brink
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Febriyani Damanik
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
| | - Joris I Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229ER, The Netherlands
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4
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Hegde S, Giotti B, Soong BY, Halasz L, Berichel JL, Magen A, Kloeckner B, Mattiuz R, Park MD, Marks A, Belabed M, Hamon P, Chin T, Troncoso L, Lee JJ, Ahimovic D, Bale M, Chung G, D'souza D, Angeliadis K, Dawson T, Kim-Schulze S, Flores RM, Kaufman AJ, Ginhoux F, Josefowicz SZ, Ma S, Tsankov AM, Marron TU, Brown BD, Merad M. Myeloid progenitor dysregulation fuels immunosuppressive macrophages in tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600383. [PMID: 38979166 PMCID: PMC11230224 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages (mo-macs) drive immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor-enhanced myelopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) fuels these populations. Here, we performed paired transcriptome and chromatin analysis over the continuum of BM myeloid progenitors, circulating monocytes, and tumor-infiltrating mo-macs in mice and in patients with lung cancer to identify myeloid progenitor programs that fuel pro-tumorigenic mo-macs. Analyzing chromatin accessibility and histone mark changes, we show that lung tumors prime accessibility for Nfe2l2 (NRF2) in BM myeloid progenitors as a cytoprotective response to oxidative stress. NRF2 activity is sustained and increased during monocyte differentiation into mo-macs in the lung TME to regulate oxidative stress, in turn promoting metabolic adaptation, resistance to cell death, and contributing to immunosuppressive phenotype. NRF2 genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition significantly reduced mo-macs' survival and immunosuppression in the TME, enabling NK and T cell therapeutic antitumor immunity and synergizing with checkpoint blockade strategies. Altogether, our study identifies a targetable epigenetic node of myeloid progenitor dysregulation that sustains immunoregulatory mo-macs in the TME.
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5
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Xing Y, Lin X. Challenges and advances in the management of inflammation in atherosclerosis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00253-4. [PMID: 38909884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis, traditionally considered a lipid-related disease, is now understood as a chronic inflammatory condition with significant global health implications. OBJECTIVES This review aims to delve into the complex interactions among immune cells, cytokines, and the inflammatory cascade in atherosclerosis, shedding light on how these elements influence both the initiation and progression of the disease. METHODS This review draws on recent clinical research to elucidate the roles of key immune cells, macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells, and clonal hematopoiesis in atherosclerosis development. It focuses on how these cells and process contribute to disease initiation and progression, particularly through inflammation-driven processes that lead to plaque formation and stabilization. Macrophages ingest oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which partially converts to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or accumulates as lipid droplets, forming foam cells crucial for plaque stability. Additionally, macrophages exhibit diverse phenotypes within plaques, with pro-inflammatory types predominating and others specializing in debris clearance at rupture sites. The involvement of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells in these processes promotes inflammatory macrophage states, suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and enhances plaque instability. RESULTS The nuanced roles of macrophages, T cells, and the related immune cells within the atherosclerotic microenvironment are explored, revealing insights into the cellular and molecular pathways that fuel inflammation. This review also addresses recent advancements in imaging and biomarker technology that enhance our understanding of disease progression. Moreover, it points out the limitations of current treatment and highlights the potential of emerging anti-inflammatory strategies, including clinical trials for agents such as p38MAPK, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-1β, their preliminary outcomes, and the promising effects of canakinumab, colchicine, and IL-6R antagonists. CONCLUSION This review explores cutting-edge anti-inflammatory interventions, their potential efficacy in preventing and alleviating atherosclerosis, and the role of nanotechnology in delivering drugs more effectively and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Xing
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, 230022, China.
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Bhetraratana M, Orozco LD, Bennett BJ, Luna K, Yang X, Lusis AJ, Araujo JA. Diesel exhaust particle extract elicits an oxPAPC-like transcriptomic profile in macrophages across multiple mouse strains. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124415. [PMID: 38908672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution is a prominent cause of cardiopulmonary illness, but uncertainties remain regarding the mechanisms mediating those effects as well as individual susceptibility. Macrophages are highly responsive to particles, and we hypothesized that their responses would be dependent on their genetic backgrounds. We conducted a genome-wide analysis of peritoneal macrophages harvested from 24 inbred strains of mice from the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HMDP). Cells were treated with a DEP methanol extract (DEPe) to elucidate potential mechanisms that mediate acute responses to air pollution exposures. This analysis showed that 1,247 genes were upregulated and 1,383 genes were downregulated with DEPe treatment across strains. Pathway analysis identified oxidative stress responses among the most prominent upregulated pathways; indeed, many of the upregulated genes included antioxidants such as Hmox1, Txnrd1, Srxn1, and Gclm, with NRF2 (official gene symbol: Nfe2l2) being the most significant driver. DEPe induced a Mox-like transcriptomic profile, a macrophage subtype typically induced by oxidized phospholipids and likely dependent on NRF2 expression. Analysis of individual strains revealed consistency of overall responses to DEPe and yet differences in the degree of Mox-like polarization across the various strains, indicating DEPe x genetic interactions. These results suggest a role for macrophage polarization in the cardiopulmonary toxicity induced by air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Bhetraratana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Luz D Orozco
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Brian J Bennett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Karla Luna
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Department of Biology, College of Science and Math, California State University-Northridge, 18111 Nordhoff Street, Northridge, California 91330, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, 612 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, UCLA, 610 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 611 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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7
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Antika G, Cinar ZÖ, Dönmez S, Seçen E, Özbil M, Prandi C, Tumer TB. Effects of Strigolactones on NLRP3 Activation, Nitrosative Stress, and Antioxidant Mox Phenotype: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:131-136. [PMID: 38911910 PMCID: PMC11191569 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Phytohormones have significant roles in redox metabolism, inflammatory responses, and cellular survival mechanisms within the microenvironment of the mammalian brain. Herein, we identified the mammalian molecular targets of three representative strigolactone (SL) analogues structurally derived from apocarotenoids and the functional equivalent of plant hormones. All tested SL analogues have an inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β release in murine microglial cells. However, IND and EGO10 became prominent among them due to their high potency at low micromolar doses. All SL analogues dose-dependently suppressed the release and expression of proinflammatory factors. For EGO10 and IND, IC50 values for iNOS-associated NO secretion were as low as 1.72 and 1.02 μM, respectively. In silico analyses revealed that (S)-EGO10 interacted with iNOS, NLRP3, and Keap1 ligands with the highest binding affinities among all stereoisomeric SL analogues. Although all compounds were effective in microglial Mox phenotype polarization, 4-Br-debranone exhibited a differential pattern for upregulating Nrf2-driven downstream enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Antika
- Graduate
Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Graduate Studies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özlem Cinar
- Graduate
Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Graduate Studies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Serhat Dönmez
- Graduate
Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Graduate Studies, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Esma Seçen
- Graduate
Program of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena 07740, Germany
| | - Mehmet Özbil
- Institute
of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin 10125, Italy
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale 17020, Turkey
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8
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Chen R, Zhang H, Tang B, Luo Y, Yang Y, Zhong X, Chen S, Xu X, Huang S, Liu C. Macrophages in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:130. [PMID: 38816371 PMCID: PMC11139930 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune response holds a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease development. As multifunctional cells of the innate immune system, macrophages play an essential role in initial inflammatory response that occurs following cardiovascular injury, thereby inducing subsequent damage while also facilitating recovery. Meanwhile, the diverse phenotypes and phenotypic alterations of macrophages strongly associate with distinct types and severity of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease, valvular disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, atherosclerosis and aneurysm, which underscores the importance of investigating macrophage regulatory mechanisms within the context of specific diseases. Besides, recent strides in single-cell sequencing technologies have revealed macrophage heterogeneity, cell-cell interactions, and downstream mechanisms of therapeutic targets at a higher resolution, which brings new perspectives into macrophage-mediated mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Remarkably, myocardial fibrosis, a prevalent characteristic in most cardiac diseases, remains a formidable clinical challenge, necessitating a profound investigation into the impact of macrophages on myocardial fibrosis within the context of cardiac diseases. In this review, we systematically summarize the diverse phenotypic and functional plasticity of macrophages in regulatory mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and unprecedented insights introduced by single-cell sequencing technologies, with a focus on different causes and characteristics of diseases, especially the relationship between inflammation and fibrosis in cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, pressure overload, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiac aging) and the relationship between inflammation and vascular injury in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis and aneurysm). Finally, we also highlight the preclinical/clinical macrophage targeting strategies and translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Botao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Sifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xinjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Shengkang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Canzhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Heart Center, Translational Medicine Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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9
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Zhuang Q, Li M, Hu D, Li J. Recent advances in potential targets for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: Role of macrophages. Mol Immunol 2024; 169:1-9. [PMID: 38447462 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a complex process that occurs when blood flow is restored after myocardium infarction (MI) with exacerbated tissue damage. Macrophages, essential cell type of the immune response, play an important role in MIRI. Macrophage subpopulations, namely M1 and M2, are distinguished by distinct phenotypes and functions. In MIRI, macrophages infiltrate in infarcted area, shaping the inflammatory response and influencing tissue healing. Resident cardiac macrophages interact with monocyte-derived macrophages in MIRI, and influence injury progression. Key factors including chemokines, cytokines, and toll-like receptors modulate macrophage behavior in MIRI. This review aims to address recent findings on the classification and the roles of macrophages in the myocardium, spanning from MI to subsequent MIRI, and highlights various signaling pathways implicated in macrophage polarization underlining the complexity of MIRI. This article will shed light on developing advanced therapeutic strategies for MIRI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhuang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junyi Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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10
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Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Lu X, Li J, Wang M, Zhang W, Zheng M, Sun Z, Xing Y, Li Y, Qu Y, Jiao Y, Han H, Xie C, Mao T. Novel insights into macrophage immunometabolism in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111833. [PMID: 38503012 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury and different degrees of fibrosis, and has been becoming the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of NASH has not been completely clarified, and there are no approved therapeutic drugs. Recent accumulated evidences have revealed the involvement of macrophage in the regulation of host liver steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis, and different phenotypes of macrophages have different metabolic characteristics. Therefore, targeted regulation of macrophage immunometabolism may contribute to the treatment and prognosis of NASH. In this review, we summarized the current evidences of the role of macrophage immunometabolism in NASH, especially focused on the related function conversion, as well as the strategies to promote its polarization balance in the liver, and hold promise for macrophage immunometabolism-targeted therapies in the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yuan
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junxiang Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Muyuan Wang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenji Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | - Yunqi Xing
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yitong Li
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yingdi Qu
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yao Jiao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haixiao Han
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Chune Xie
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China; Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Tangyou Mao
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, PR China.
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11
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Miceli G, Basso MG, Pintus C, Pennacchio AR, Cocciola E, Cuffaro M, Profita M, Rizzo G, Tuttolomondo A. Molecular Pathways of Vulnerable Carotid Plaques at Risk of Ischemic Stroke: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4351. [PMID: 38673936 PMCID: PMC11050267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of vulnerable carotid plaques is pivotal in understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke secondary to large-artery atherosclerosis. In macroscopic evaluation, vulnerable plaques are characterized by one or more of the following features: microcalcification; neovascularization; lipid-rich necrotic cores (LRNCs); intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH); thin fibrous caps; plaque surface ulceration; huge dimensions, suggesting stenosis; and plaque rupture. Recognizing these macroscopic characteristics is crucial for estimating the risk of cerebrovascular events, also in the case of non-significant (less than 50%) stenosis. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as cytokines and adhesion molecules, lipid-related markers like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading extracellular matrix components are among the key molecules that are scrutinized for their associative roles in plaque instability. Through their quantification and evaluation, these biomarkers reveal intricate molecular cross-talk governing plaque inflammation, rupture potential, and thrombogenicity. The current evidence demonstrates that plaque vulnerability phenotypes are multiple and heterogeneous and are associated with many highly complex molecular pathways that determine the activation of an immune-mediated cascade that culminates in thromboinflammation. This narrative review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge on molecular biomarkers expressed by symptomatic carotid plaques. It explores the association of these biomarkers with the structural and compositional attributes that characterize vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Miceli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Basso
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Pintus
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Roberta Pennacchio
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Cocciola
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Cuffaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Profita
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.B.); (C.P.); (A.R.P.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (M.P.); (G.R.)
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University Hospital, Policlinico “P. Giaccone”, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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12
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Diotallevi A, Bruno F, Castelli G, Persico G, Buffi G, Ceccarelli M, Ligi D, Mannello F, Vitale F, Magnani M, Galluzzi L. Transcriptional signatures in human macrophage-like cells infected by Leishmania infantum, Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012085. [PMID: 38578804 PMCID: PMC11023634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Mediterranean basin, three Leishmania species have been identified: L. infantum, L. major and L. tropica, causing zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and anthroponotic CL, respectively. Despite animal models and genomic/transcriptomic studies provided important insights, the pathogenic determinants modulating the development of VL and CL are still poorly understood. This work aimed to identify host transcriptional signatures shared by cells infected with L. infantum, L. major, and L. tropica, as well as specific transcriptional signatures elicited by parasites causing VL (i.e., L. infantum) and parasites involved in CL (i.e., L. major, L. tropica). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS U937 cells differentiated into macrophage-like cells were infected with L. infantum, L. major and L. tropica for 24h and 48h, and total RNA was extracted. RNA sequencing, performed on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform, was used to evaluate the transcriptional signatures of infected cells with respect to non-infected cells at both time points. The EdgeR package was used to identify differentially expressed genes (fold change > 2 and FDR-adjusted p-values < 0.05). Then, functional enrichment analysis was employed to identify the enriched ontology terms in which these genes are involved. At 24h post-infection, a common signature of 463 dysregulated genes shared among all infection conditions was recognized, while at 48h post-infection the common signature was reduced to 120 genes. Aside from a common transcriptional response, we evidenced different upregulated functional pathways characterizing L. infantum-infected cells, such as VEGFA-VEGFR2 and NFE2L2-related pathways, indicating vascular remodeling and reduction of oxidative stress as potentially important factors for visceralization. CONCLUSIONS The identification of pathways elicited by parasites causing VL or CL could lead to new therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis, combining the canonical anti-leishmania compounds with host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Diotallevi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Federica Bruno
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L.), OIE Leishmania Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Germano Castelli
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L.), OIE Leishmania Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Persico
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Buffi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceccarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniela Ligi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Mannello
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vitale
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L.), OIE Leishmania Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A Mirri, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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13
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Qiu Y, Cao J, Li S, Liu Y, Wan G, Gui T. Macrophage polarization in adenomyosis: A review. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13841. [PMID: 38606715 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis (AM) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the uterine myometrium. It is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate AM, the exact cause and development of the condition remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in AM initiation and progression. However, a comprehensive review regarding the role and regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in AM is currently lacking. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the phenotype and function of macrophage polarization and the phenomenon of the polarization of adenomyosis-associated macrophages (AAMs). It also elaborates on the role and regulatory mechanism of AAM polarization in invasion/migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying molecular mechanisms of AAM polarization and suggests future research directions. In conclusion, this review provides a new perspective on understanding the pathogenesis of AM and provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted drugs through the regulation of AAM polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital Nanjing, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongli Liu
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guiping Wan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Gui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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14
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Yeudall S, Upchurch CM, Leitinger N. The clinical relevance of heme detoxification by the macrophage heme oxygenase system. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379967. [PMID: 38585264 PMCID: PMC10995405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme degradation by the heme oxygenase (HMOX) family of enzymes is critical for maintaining homeostasis and limiting heme-induced tissue damage. Macrophages express HMOX1 and 2 and are critical sites of heme degradation in healthy and diseased states. Here we review the functions of the macrophage heme oxygenase system and its clinical relevance in discrete groups of pathologies where heme has been demonstrated to play a driving role. HMOX1 function in macrophages is essential for limiting oxidative tissue damage in both acute and chronic hemolytic disorders. By degrading pro-inflammatory heme and releasing anti-inflammatory molecules such as carbon monoxide, HMOX1 fine-tunes the acute inflammatory response with consequences for disorders of hyperinflammation such as sepsis. We then discuss divergent beneficial and pathological roles for HMOX1 in disorders such as atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, where activation of the HMOX system sits at the crossroads of chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we highlight the emerging role for HMOX1 in regulating macrophage cell death via the iron- and oxidation-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis. In summary, the importance of heme clearance by macrophages is an active area of investigation with relevance for therapeutic intervention in a diverse array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Yeudall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Clint M. Upchurch
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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15
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Makuch M, Stepanechko M, Bzowska M. The dance of macrophage death: the interplay between the inevitable and the microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330461. [PMID: 38576612 PMCID: PMC10993711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic cells ubiquitous in various tissues, where they perform diverse functions. They participate in the response to pathogen invasion and inflammation resolution following the immune response, as well as the maintenance of homeostasis and proper tissue functions. Macrophages are generally considered long-lived cells with relatively strong resistance to numerous cytotoxic factors. On the other hand, their death seems to be one of the principal mechanisms by which macrophages perform their physiological functions or can contribute to the development of certain diseases. In this review, we scrutinize three distinct pro-inflammatory programmed cell death pathways - pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis - occurring in macrophages under specific circumstances, and explain how these cells appear to undergo dynamic yet not always final changes before ultimately dying. We achieve that by examining the interconnectivity of these cell death types, which in macrophages seem to create a coordinated and flexible system responding to the microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the complexity and consequences of pyroptotic, necroptotic, and ferroptotic pathway induction in macrophages under two pathological conditions - atherosclerosis and cancer. We summarize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) along with other microenvironmental factors, macrophage polarization states, associated mechanisms as well as general outcomes, as such a comprehensive look at these correlations may point out the proper methodologies and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Małgorzata Bzowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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16
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Zhai S, Zhang X, Jiang M, Liu Y, Qu G, Cui X, Hirschbiegel CM, Liu Y, Alves C, Lee YW, Jiang G, Yan B, Rotello VM. Nanoparticles with intermediate hydrophobicity polarize macrophages to plaque-specific Mox phenotype via Nrf2 and HO-1 activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133590. [PMID: 38280324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Mox macrophages were identified recently and are closely associated with atherosclerosis. Considering the potential health risks and the impact on macrophage modulation, this study investigated the Mox polarization of macrophages induced by nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable hydrophobicity. One nanoparticle (C4NP) with intermediate hydrophobicity efficiently upregulated the mRNA expression of Mox-related genes including HO-1, Srxn1, Txnrd1, Gsr, Vegf and Cox-2 through increased accumulation of Nrf2 at a nontoxic concentration in both resting and LPS-challenged macrophages. Additionally, C4NP impaired phagocytic capacity by 20% and significantly increased the secretion of cytokines, including TNFα, IL-6 and IL-10. Mechanistic studies indicated that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated by 1.5-fold and 2.6-fold in resting and LPS-challenged macrophages respectively. Phosphorylated p62 was increased by 2.5-fold in resting macrophages and maintained a high level in LPS-challenged ones, both of which partially accounted for the significant accumulation of Nrf2 and HO-1. Notably, C4NP depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential by more than 50% and switched macrophages from oxidative phosphorylation-based aerobic metabolism to glycolysis for energy supply. Overall, this study reveals a novel molecular mechanism potentially involving ROS-Nrf2-p62 signaling in mediating macrophage Mox polarization, holding promise in ensuring safer and more efficient use of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Mingdi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaomiao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | | | - Yuanchang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Colby Alves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at the Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States.
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17
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Zhang T, Pang C, Xu M, Zhao Q, Hu Z, Jiang X, Guo M. The role of immune system in atherosclerosis: Molecular mechanisms, controversies, and future possibilities. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110765. [PMID: 38369442 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cardiovascular disorders have atherosclerosis as their pathological underpinning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that, with the aid of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and immunoglobulins, innate immunity, represented by monocytes/macrophages, and adaptive immunity, primarily T/B cells, play a critical role in controlling inflammation and abnormal lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. Additionally, the finding of numerous complement components in atherosclerotic plaques suggests yet again how heavily the immune system controls atherosclerosis. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough grasp of how the immune system contributes to atherosclerosis. The specific molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of immune cells and immune molecules in atherosclerosis, the controversy surrounding some immune cells in atherosclerosis, and the limitations of extrapolating from relevant animal models to humans were all carefully reviewed in this review from the three perspectives of innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and complement system. This could provide fresh possibilities for atherosclerosis research and treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianle Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Chenxu Pang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
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18
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Gianopoulos I, Daskalopoulou SS. Macrophage profiling in atherosclerosis: understanding the unstable plaque. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:35-56. [PMID: 38244055 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The development and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques is a major contributor to myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes. The dynamic evolution of the plaque is largely attributed to monocyte/macrophage functions, which respond to various stimuli in the plaque microenvironment. To this end, macrophages play a central role in atherosclerotic lesions through the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein that gets trapped in the artery wall, and the induction of an inflammatory response that can differentially affect the stability of the plaque in men and women. In this environment, macrophages can polarize towards pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, which represent the extremes of the polarization spectrum that include Mhem, M(Hb), Mox, and M4 populations. However, this traditional macrophage model paradigm has been redefined to include numerous immune and nonimmune cell clusters based on in-depth unbiased single-cell approaches. The goal of this review is to highlight (1) the phenotypic and functional properties of monocyte subsets in the circulation, and macrophage populations in atherosclerotic plaques, as well as their contribution towards stable or unstable phenotypes in men and women, and (2) single-cell RNA sequencing studies that have advanced our knowledge of immune, particularly macrophage signatures present in the atherosclerotic niche. We discuss the importance of performing high-dimensional approaches to facilitate the development of novel sex-specific immunotherapies that aim to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Gianopoulos
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, EM1.2210, Montreal, Quebec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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19
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Kang H, Lee J. Adipose tissue macrophage heterogeneity in the single-cell genomics era. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100031. [PMID: 38354858 PMCID: PMC10960114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It is now well-accepted that obesity-induced inflammation plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A key source of the inflammation is the murine epididymal and human visceral adipose tissue. The current paradigm is that obesity activates multiple proinflammatory immune cell types in adipose tissue, including adipose-tissue macrophages (ATMs), T Helper 1 (Th1) T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells, while concomitantly suppressing anti-inflammatory immune cells such as T Helper 2 (Th2) T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). A key feature of the current paradigm is that obesity induces the anti-inflammatory M2 ATMs in lean adipose tissue to polarize into proinflammatory M1 ATMs. However, recent single-cell transcriptomics studies suggest that the story is much more complex. Here we describe the single-cell genomics technologies that have been developed recently and the emerging results from studies using these technologies. While further studies are needed, it is clear that ATMs are highly heterogeneous. Moreover, while a variety of ATM clusters with quite distinct features have been found to be expanded by obesity, none truly resemble classical M1 ATMs. It is likely that single-cell transcriptomics technology will further revolutionize the field, thereby promoting our understanding of ATMs, adipose-tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance and accelerating the development of therapies for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneul Kang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS) and Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jongsoon Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bio Science (SIMS) and Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, South Korea.
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20
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Wei J, Shen S, Tian Y, Kang P, Sun G. Correlation Analysis of Macrophage Distribution and Pathological Features of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 98:355-364. [PMID: 37852365 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play an important role in maintaining the chronic inflammatory of atherosclerosis (AS) and are hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques. They differentiate into different subpopulations under the influence of oxidized lipids and cytokines and play different roles in the formation and development of plaque. To explore the differences in the amount and distribution of different macrophage subpopulations around different carotid plaque pathological features in human AS, and based on these results, to explore the correlation between some macrophage subpopulations and AS pathological features. METHODS First, we analyzed the single cells RNA-sequence data from the Gene Expression Omnibus DataSets (GSE159677). Second, we investigated the distribution difference of macrophage subpopulations in 61 surgically resected AS plaques by markers staining include CD68, inducible nitric oxide synthase, Arg-1, CD163 and HO-1. RESULTS The result of single cells RNA-Sequence analysis showed that there were a large number of macrophages infiltrated in AS and they can be categorized into different subpopulations with different transcriptional features and functions; moreover in different part of AS (calcified AS core versus proximal adjacent), the total number and subpopulation ratios were all different. The result of staining analysis showed that macrophages mainly distributed in some pathological lesions such as necrosis, fibrous tissue degeneration, cholesterol crystallization etc., and different subpopulations were distributed differently in these lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that macrophages were heavily infiltrated in atherosclerotic plaques, and there existed subtype variability in different pathological lesions; meanwhile, these results suggested that different macrophage subpopulations may contribute differently in different pathological lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshiu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshiu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Kang
- Department of Pathology, Harrison International Peace Hospital, Hengshiu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Tagami Y, Hara Y, Murohashi K, Nagasawa R, Fujii H, Izawa A, Yabe A, Saigusa Y, Kobayashi M, Shiida M, Hirata M, Otsu Y, Watanabe K, Horita N, Kobayashi N, Kaneko T. Serum heme oxygenase-1 as a prognostic biomarker in patients with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22639. [PMID: 38114539 PMCID: PMC10730846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum heme oxygenase (HO)-1 level has been reported as a clinically reliable diagnostic biomarker for acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, its utility for predicting mortality among these patients is unclear. Serum HO-1 levels of patients newly diagnosed with acute exacerbation of ILD were measured at the time of initiating steroid pulse therapy. The relationship between serum HO-1 and various other serum biomarkers, change in HRCT findings, and disease prognosis at 12 weeks after diagnosis of acute exacerbation was evaluated in 51 patients, of whom 17 (33%) had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Serum HO-1 was higher in patients with acute exacerbation of IPF than in patients with acute exacerbation of other ILDs. Serum HO-1 levels were higher in patients who died within these 12 weeks than in survivors. Among age, sex, comorbidities, IPF diagnosis, HRCT findings, and blood biomarkers, serum HO-1 was a primary predictor of 12-week mortality. In 41 patients who underwent repeat HRCT, serum HO-1 was higher in patients with honeycomb progression than in those without. Serum HO-1 measurement could be useful for evaluating disease mortality and morbidity of patients with acute exacerbation of ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Tagami
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yu Hara
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kota Murohashi
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagasawa
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujii
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ami Izawa
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Aya Yabe
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saigusa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyu Kobayashi
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shiida
- Research and Development Division, Minaris Medical Co., Ltd, 600-1 Minami-Ishiki, Nagaizumi-Cho, Sunto-Gun, Shizuoka, 411-0932, Japan
| | - Momo Hirata
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yukiko Otsu
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Horita
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kobayashi
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
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22
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Liu C, Xu X, He X, Ren J, Chi M, Deng G, Li G, Nasser MI. Activation of the Nrf-2/HO-1 signalling axis can alleviate metabolic syndrome in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2023; 55:2284890. [PMID: 38039549 PMCID: PMC10836253 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2284890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is widely observed in modern society. CVDs are responsible for the majority of fatalities, with heart attacks and strokes accounting for approximately 80% of these cases. Furthermore, a significant proportion of these deaths, precisely one-third, occurs in individuals under 70. Metabolic syndrome encompasses a range of diseases characterized by various physiological dysfunctions. These include increased inflammation in adipose tissue, enhanced cholesterol synthesis in the liver, impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, compromised vascular tone and integrity, endothelial dysfunction, and atheroma formation. These factors contribute to the development of metabolic disorders and significantly increase the likelihood of experiencing cardiovascular complications.Method: We selected studies that proposed hypotheses regarding metabolic disease syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the role of Nrf2/HO-1 and factor regulation in CVD research investigations based on our searches of Medline and PubMed.Results: A total of 118 articles were included in the review, 16 of which exclusively addressed hypotheses about the role of Nrf2 on Glucose regulation, while 16 involved Cholesterol regulation. Likewise, 14 references were used to prove the importance of mitochondria on Nrf2. Multiple studies have provided evidence suggesting the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 in various physiological processes, including metabolism and immune response. A total of 48 research articles and reviews have been used to highlight the role of metabolic syndrome and CVD.Conclusion: This review provides an overview of the literature on Nrf2/HO-1 and its role in metabolic disease syndrome and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing He
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Ren
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Ni D, Zhou H, Wang P, Xu F, Li C. Visualizing Macrophage Phenotypes and Polarization in Diseases: From Biomarkers to Molecular Probes. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:613-638. [PMID: 38223685 PMCID: PMC10781933 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage is a kind of immune cell and performs multiple functions including pathogen phagocytosis, antigen presentation and tissue remodeling. To fulfill their functionally distinct roles, macrophages undergo polarization towards a spectrum of phenotypes, particularly the classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) subtypes. However, the binary M1/M2 phenotype fails to capture the complexity of macrophages subpopulations in vivo. Hence, it is crucial to employ spatiotemporal imaging techniques to visualize macrophage phenotypes and polarization, enabling the monitoring of disease progression and assessment of therapeutic responses to drug candidates. This review begins by discussing the origin, function and diversity of macrophage under physiological and pathological conditions. Subsequently, we summarize the identified macrophage phenotypes and their specific biomarkers. In addition, we present the imaging probes locating the lesions by visualizing macrophages with specific phenotype in vivo. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects associated with monitoring immune microenvironment and disease progression through imaging of macrophage phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Heqing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Fulin Xu
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201199 China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
- Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203 China
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24
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Smit V, de Mol J, Schaftenaar FH, Depuydt MAC, Postel RJ, Smeets D, Verheijen FWM, Bogers L, van Duijn J, Verwilligen RAF, Grievink HW, Bernabé Kleijn MNA, van Ingen E, de Jong MJM, Goncalves L, Peeters JAHM, Smeets HJ, Wezel A, Polansky JK, de Winther MPJ, Binder CJ, Tsiantoulas D, Bot I, Kuiper J, Foks AC. Single-cell profiling reveals age-associated immunity in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2508-2521. [PMID: 37390467 PMCID: PMC10676459 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aging is a dominant driver of atherosclerosis and induces a series of immunological alterations, called immunosenescence. Given the demographic shift towards elderly, elucidating the unknown impact of aging on the immunological landscape in atherosclerosis is highly relevant. While the young Western diet-fed Ldlr-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mouse is a widely used model to study atherosclerosis, it does not reflect the gradual plaque progression in the context of an aging immune system as occurs in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that aging promotes advanced atherosclerosis in chow diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice, with increased incidence of calcification and cholesterol crystals. We observed systemic immunosenescence, including myeloid skewing and T-cells with more extreme effector phenotypes. Using a combination of single-cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry on aortic leucocytes of young vs. aged Ldlr-/- mice, we show age-related shifts in expression of genes involved in atherogenic processes, such as cellular activation and cytokine production. We identified age-associated cells with pro-inflammatory features, including GzmK+CD8+ T-cells and previously in atherosclerosis undefined CD11b+CD11c+T-bet+ age-associated B-cells (ABCs). ABCs of Ldlr-/- mice showed high expression of genes involved in plasma cell differentiation, co-stimulation, and antigen presentation. In vitro studies supported that ABCs are highly potent antigen-presenting cells. In cardiovascular disease patients, we confirmed the presence of these age-associated T- and B-cells in atherosclerotic plaques and blood. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, we are the first to provide comprehensive profiling of aged immunity in atherosclerotic mice and reveal the emergence of age-associated T- and B-cells in the atherosclerotic aorta. Further research into age-associated immunity may contribute to novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools to combat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Smit
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jill de Mol
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank H Schaftenaar
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie A C Depuydt
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rimke J Postel
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diede Smeets
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fenne W M Verheijen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens Bogers
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin A F Verwilligen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrika W Grievink
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Zernikedreef 8, 2333 CL Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mireia N A Bernabé Kleijn
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Ingen
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike J M de Jong
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Goncalves
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center—location Westeinde, Lijnbaan 32, 2515 VA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A H M Peeters
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center—location Westeinde, Lijnbaan 32, 2515 VA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center—location Westeinde, Lijnbaan 32, 2515 VA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center—location Westeinde, Lijnbaan 32, 2515 VA The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Julia K Polansky
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers—location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, AKH BT25.2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilze Bot
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Gioia MD, Poli V, Tan PJ, Spreafico R, Chu A, Cuenca AG, Gordts PL, Pandolfi L, Meloni F, Witztum JL, Chou J, Springstead JR, Zanoni I. Host-derived oxidized phospholipids initiate effector-triggered immunity fostering lethality upon microbial encounter. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568047. [PMID: 38045410 PMCID: PMC10690175 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages detect invading microorganisms via pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, or via sensing the activity of virulence factors that initiates effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Tissue damage that follows pathogen encounter leads to the release of host-derived factors that participate to inflammation. How these self-derived molecules are sensed by macrophages and their impact on immunity remain poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that, in mice and humans, host-derived oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs) are formed upon microbial encounter. oxPL blockade restricts inflammation and prevents the death of the host, without affecting pathogen burden. Mechanistically, oxPLs bind and inhibit AKT, a master regulator of immunity and metabolism. AKT inhibition potentiates the methionine cycle, and epigenetically dampens Il10, a pluripotent anti-inflammatory cytokine. Overall, we found that host-derived inflammatory cues act as "self" virulence factors that initiate ETI and that their activity can be targeted to protect the host against excessive inflammation upon microbial encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Gioia
- Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, MA 02115, USA
| | - Valentina Poli
- Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piao J Tan
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne Chu
- Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alex G Cuenca
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Philip Lsm Gordts
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Federica Meloni
- Respiratory Disease Unit IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, and Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Janet Chou
- Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, MA 02115, USA
| | - James R Springstead
- Department of Chemical and Paper Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Division of Gastroenterology, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Ting KK, Yu P, Dow R, Floro E, Ibrahim H, Scipione CA, Hyduk SJ, Polenz CK, Zaslaver O, Karmaus PW, Fessler MB, Rӧst HL, Ohh M, Tsai S, Winer DA, Woo M, Rocheleau J, Jongstra-Bilen J, Cybulsky MI. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Accumulation Suppresses Glycolysis and Attenuates the Macrophage Inflammatory Response by Diverting Transcription from the HIF-1α to the Nrf2 Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1561-1577. [PMID: 37756544 PMCID: PMC10873122 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in macrophages (Mφs) is a hallmark of atherosclerosis, yet how lipid accumulation affects inflammatory responses through rewiring of Mφ metabolism is poorly understood. We modeled lipid accumulation in cultured wild-type mouse thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal Mφs and bone marrow-derived Mφs with conditional (Lyz2-Cre) or complete genetic deficiency of Vhl, Hif1a, Nos2, and Nfe2l2. Transfection studies employed RAW264.7 cells. Mφs were cultured for 24 h with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or cholesterol and then were stimulated with LPS. Transcriptomics revealed that oxLDL accumulation in Mφs downregulated inflammatory, hypoxia, and cholesterol metabolism pathways, whereas the antioxidant pathway, fatty acid oxidation, and ABC family proteins were upregulated. Metabolomics and extracellular metabolic flux assays showed that oxLDL accumulation suppressed LPS-induced glycolysis. Intracellular lipid accumulation in Mφs impaired LPS-induced inflammation by reducing both hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α) stability and transactivation capacity; thus, the phenotype was not rescued in Vhl-/- Mφs. Intracellular lipid accumulation in Mφs also enhanced LPS-induced NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidative defense that destabilizes HIF-1α, and Nrf2-deficient Mφs resisted the inhibitory effects of lipid accumulation on glycolysis and inflammatory gene expression. Furthermore, oxLDL shifted NADPH consumption from HIF-1α- to Nrf2-regulated apoenzymes. Thus, we postulate that repurposing NADPH consumption from HIF-1α to Nrf2 transcriptional pathways is critical in modulating inflammatory responses in Mφs with accumulated intracellular lipid. The relevance of our in vitro models was established by comparative transcriptomic analyses, which revealed that Mφs cultured with oxLDL and stimulated with LPS shared similar inflammatory and metabolic profiles with foamy Mφs derived from the atherosclerotic mouse and human aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K.Y. Ting
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Riley Dow
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Eric Floro
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hisham Ibrahim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Corey A. Scipione
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sharon J. Hyduk
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Chanele K. Polenz
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Olga Zaslaver
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1
| | - Peer W.F. Karmaus
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Michael B. Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hannes L. Rӧst
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2RS, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jonathan Rocheleau
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Jenny Jongstra-Bilen
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Myron I. Cybulsky
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
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27
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Slijkhuis N, Towers M, Mirzaian M, Korteland SA, Heijs B, van Gaalen K, Nieuwenhuizen I, Nigg A, van der Heiden K, de Rijke YB, van der Lugt A, Sijbrands EJG, Claude E, van Soest G. Identifying lipid traces of atherogenic mechanisms in human carotid plaque. Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117340. [PMID: 37913561 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipids play an important role in atherosclerotic plaque development and are interesting candidate predictive biomarkers. However, the link between circulating lipids, accumulating lipids in the vessel wall, and plaque destabilization processes in humans remains largely unknown. This study aims to provide new insights into the role of lipids in atherosclerosis using lipidomics and mass spectrometry imaging to investigate lipid signatures in advanced human carotid plaque and plasma samples. METHODS We used lipidomics and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) to investigate lipid signatures of advanced human carotid plaque and plasma obtained from patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy (n = 14 out of 17 whose plaque samples were analyzed by DESI-MSI). Multivariate data analysis and unsupervised clustering were applied to identify lipids that were the most discriminative species between different patterns in plaque and plasma. These patterns were interpreted by quantitative comparison with conventional histology. RESULTS Lipidomics detected more than 300 lipid species in plasma and plaque, with markedly different relative abundances. DESI-MSI visualized the spatial distribution of 611 lipid-related m/z features in plaques, of which 330 m/z features could be assigned based on exact mass, comparison to the lipidomic data, and high mass resolution MSI. Matching spatial lipid patterns to histological areas of interest revealed several molecular species that were colocalized with pertinent disease processes in plaque including specific sphingomyelin and ceramide species with calcification, phospholipids and free fatty acids with inflammation, and triacylglycerols and phosphatidylinositols with fibrin-rich areas. CONCLUSIONS By comparing lipid species in plaque and plasma, we identified those circulating species that were also prominently present in plaque. Quantitative comparison of lipid spectral patterns with histology revealed the presence of specific lipid species in destabilized plaque areas, corroborating previous in vitro and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Slijkhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Towers
- Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suze-Anne Korteland
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van Gaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Nigg
- Optical Imaging Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gijs van Soest
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
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Hutton M, Frazer M, Lin A, Patel S, Misra A. New Targets in Atherosclerosis: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Macrophage Polarity. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1047-1054. [PMID: 37709601 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite an increase in treatment options, and substantial reductions in cardiovascular mortality over the past half-century, atherosclerosis remains the most prevalent cause of premature mortality worldwide. The development of innovative new therapies is crucial to further minimize atherosclerosis-related deaths. The diverse array of cell phenotypes derived from vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques are increasingly becoming recognized for their beneficial and detrimental roles in plaque stability and disease burden. This review explores how contemporary transcriptomics and fate-mapping studies have revealed vascular cell plasticity as a relatively unexplored target for therapeutic intervention. METHODS Recent literature for this narrative review was obtained by searching electronic databases (ie, Google Scholar, PubMed). Additional studies were sourced from reference lists and the authors' personal databases. FINDINGS The lipid-rich and inflammatory plaque milieu induces SMC phenotypic switching to both beneficial and detrimental phenotypes. Likewise, macrophage heterogeneity increases with disease burden to a variety of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activation states. These vascular cell phenotypes are determinants of plaque structure stability, and it is therefore highly likely that they influence clinical outcomes. Development of clinical treatments targeting deleterious phenotypes or promoting pro-healing phenotypes remains in its infancy. However, existing treatments (statins) have shown beneficial effects toward macrophage polarization, providing a rationale for more targeted approaches. In contrast, beneficial SMC phenotypic modulation with these pharmacologic agents has yet to be achieved. The range of modulated vascular cell phenotypes provides a multitude of novel targets and the potential to reduce future adverse events. IMPLICATIONS Vascular cell phenotypic heterogeneity must continue to be explored to lower cardiovascular events in the future. The rapidly increasing weight of evidence surrounding the role of SMC plasticity and macrophage polarity in plaque vulnerability provides a strong foundation upon which development of new therapeutics must follow. This approach may prove to be crucial in reducing cardiovascular events and improving patient benefit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hutton
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Madeleine Frazer
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhao G, Lu H, Liu Y, Xue C, Chang Z, Liu H, Deng Y, Liang W, Wang H, Rom O, Garcia-Barrio MT, Zhu T, Guo Y, Chang L, Lin J, Chen YE, Zhang J. Myeloid BAF60a deficiency alters metabolic homeostasis and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113171. [PMID: 37768825 PMCID: PMC10842557 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a leading health concern, stems from the dynamic involvement of immune cells in vascular plaques. Despite its significance, the interplay between chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation in plaque macrophages is understudied. We discovered the reduced expression of Baf60a, a component of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, in macrophages from advanced plaques. Myeloid-specific Baf60a deletion compromised mitochondrial integrity and heightened adhesion, apoptosis, and plaque development. BAF60a preserves mitochondrial energy homeostasis under pro-atherogenic stimuli by retaining nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) accessibility at critical genes. Overexpression of BAF60a rescued mitochondrial dysfunction in an NRF1-dependent manner. This study illuminates the BAF60a-NRF1 axis as a mitochondrial function modulator in atherosclerosis, proposing the rejuvenation of perturbed chromatin remodeling machinery as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yongjie Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Huilun Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Roa-Vidal N, Rodríguez-Aponte AS, Lasalde-Dominicci JA, Capó-Vélez CM, Delgado-Vélez M. Cholinergic Polarization of Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15732. [PMID: 37958716 PMCID: PMC10650439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages serve as vital defenders, protecting the body by exhibiting remarkable cellular adaptability in response to invading pathogens and various stimuli. These cells express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with the α7-nAChR being extensively studied due to its involvement in activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Activation of this pathway plays a crucial role in suppressing macrophages' production of proinflammatory cytokines, thus mitigating excessive inflammation and maintaining host homeostasis. Macrophage polarization, which occurs in response to specific pathogens or insults, is a process that has received limited attention concerning the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and the contributions of the α7-nAChR in this context. This review aims to present evidence highlighting how the cholinergic constituents in macrophages, led by the α7-nAChR, facilitate the polarization of macrophages towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Additionally, we explore the influence of viral infections on macrophage inflammatory phenotypes, taking into account cholinergic mechanisms. We also review the current understanding of macrophage polarization in response to these infections. Finally, we provide insights into the relatively unexplored partial duplication of the α7-nAChR, known as dup α7, which is emerging as a significant factor in macrophage polarization and inflammation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Roa-Vidal
- Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA;
| | - Adriana S. Rodríguez-Aponte
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
| | - José A. Lasalde-Dominicci
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, Clinical Bioreagent Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00901, USA
| | - Coral M. Capó-Vélez
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Vélez
- Department of Biology, Rio Piedras Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931, USA; (A.S.R.-A.); (C.M.C.-V.)
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, Clinical Bioreagent Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00926, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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31
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Liu X, Pang S, Jiang Y, Wang L, Liu Y. The Role of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis: Participants and Therapists. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07513-5. [PMID: 37864633 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Currently, atherosclerosis, characterized by the dysfunction of lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation in the intimal space of the vessel, is considered to be a metabolic disease. As the most abundant innate immune cells in the body, macrophages play a key role in the onset, progression, or regression of atherosclerosis. For example, macrophages exhibit several polarization states in response to microenvironmental stimuli; an increasing proportion of macrophages, polarized toward M2, can suppress inflammation, scavenge cell debris and apoptotic cells, and contribute to tissue repair and fibrosis. Additionally, specific exosomes, generated by macrophages containing certain miRNAs and effective efferocytosis of macrophages, are crucial for atherosclerosis. Therefore, macrophages have emerged as a novel potential target for anti-atherosclerosis therapy. This article reviews the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis from different aspects: origin, phenotype, exosomes, and efferocytosis, and discusses new approaches for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yangyang Jiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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32
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Hou P, Fang J, Liu Z, Shi Y, Agostini M, Bernassola F, Bove P, Candi E, Rovella V, Sica G, Sun Q, Wang Y, Scimeca M, Federici M, Mauriello A, Melino G. Macrophage polarization and metabolism in atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:691. [PMID: 37863894 PMCID: PMC10589261 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of fatty deposits in the inner walls of vessels. These plaques restrict blood flow and lead to complications such as heart attack or stroke. The development of atherosclerosis is influenced by a variety of factors, including age, genetics, lifestyle, and underlying health conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Atherosclerotic plaques in stable form are characterized by slow growth, which leads to luminal stenosis, with low embolic potential or in unstable form, which contributes to high risk for thrombotic and embolic complications with rapid clinical onset. In this complex scenario of atherosclerosis, macrophages participate in the whole process, including the initiation, growth and eventually rupture and wound healing stages of artery plaque formation. Macrophages in plaques exhibit high heterogeneity and plasticity, which affect the evolving plaque microenvironment, e.g., leading to excessive lipid accumulation, cytokine hyperactivation, hypoxia, apoptosis and necroptosis. The metabolic and functional transitions of plaque macrophages in response to plaque microenvironmental factors not only influence ongoing and imminent inflammatory responses within the lesions but also directly dictate atherosclerotic progression or regression. In this review, we discuss the origin of macrophages within plaques, their phenotypic diversity, metabolic shifts, and fate and the roles they play in the dynamic progression of atherosclerosis. It also describes how macrophages interact with other plaque cells, particularly T cells. Ultimately, targeting pathways involved in macrophage polarization may lead to innovative and promising approaches for precision medicine. Further insights into the landscape and biological features of macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques may offer valuable information for optimizing future clinical treatment for atherosclerosis by targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Hou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sica
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Zuo W, Sun R, Ji Z, Ma G. Macrophage-driven cardiac inflammation and healing: insights from homeostasis and myocardial infarction. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:81. [PMID: 37858035 PMCID: PMC10585879 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early and prompt reperfusion therapy has markedly improved the survival rates among patients enduring myocardial infarction (MI). Nonetheless, the resulting adverse remodeling and the subsequent onset of heart failure remain formidable clinical management challenges and represent a primary cause of disability in MI patients worldwide. Macrophages play a crucial role in immune system regulation and wield a profound influence over the inflammatory repair process following MI, thereby dictating the degree of myocardial injury and the subsequent pathological remodeling. Despite numerous previous biological studies that established the classical polarization model for macrophages, classifying them as either M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 pro-reparative macrophages, this simplistic categorization falls short of meeting the precision medicine standards, hindering the translational advancement of clinical research. Recently, advances in single-cell sequencing technology have facilitated a more profound exploration of macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity, opening avenues for the development of targeted interventions to address macrophage-related factors in the aftermath of MI. In this review, we provide a summary of macrophage origins, tissue distribution, classification, and surface markers. Furthermore, we delve into the multifaceted roles of macrophages in maintaining cardiac homeostasis and regulating inflammation during the post-MI period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Renhua Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 66 South Renmin Road, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Zhenjun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, No. 87, Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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de Baat A, Meier DT, Fontana A, Böni-Schnetzler M, Donath MY. Cystine/Glutamate antiporter system xc- deficiency impairs macrophage glutathione metabolism and cytokine production. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291950. [PMID: 37792774 PMCID: PMC10550110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
System xc-, encoded by Slc7a11, is an antiporter responsible for exporting glutamate while importing cystine, which is essential for protein synthesis and the formation of thiol peptides, such as glutathione. Glutathione acts as a co-factor for enzymes responsible for scavenging reactive oxygen species. Upon exposure to bacterial products, macrophages exhibit a rapid upregulation of system xc-. This study investigates the impact of Slc7a11 deficiency on the functionality of peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our findings reveal that the absence of Slc7a11 results in significantly reduced glutathione levels, compromised mitochondrial flexibility, and hindered cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Conversely, system xc- has a lesser impact on peritoneal macrophages in vivo. These results indicate that system xc- is essential for maintaining glutathione levels, mitochondrial functionality, and cytokine production, with a heightened importance under atmospheric oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel de Baat
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T. Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Fontana
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y. Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Aktar A, Heit B. Role of the pioneer transcription factor GATA2 in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1191-1208. [PMID: 37624387 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 is involved in human diseases ranging from hematopoietic disorders, to cancer, to infectious diseases. GATA2 is one of six GATA-family transcription factors that act as pioneering transcription factors which facilitate the opening of heterochromatin and the subsequent binding of other transcription factors to induce gene expression from previously inaccessible regions of the genome. Although GATA2 is essential for hematopoiesis and lymphangiogenesis, it is also expressed in other tissues such as the lung, prostate gland, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, placenta, fetal liver, and fetal heart. Gene or transcriptional abnormalities of GATA2 causes or predisposes patients to several diseases including the hematological cancers acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the primary immunodeficiency MonoMAC syndrome, and to cancers of the lung, prostate, uterus, kidney, breast, gastric tract, and ovaries. Recent data has also linked GATA2 expression and mutations to responses to infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and to inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis. In this article we review the role of GATA2 in the etiology and progression of these various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Aktar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Gindri dos Santos B, Goedeke L. Macrophage immunometabolism in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00032. [PMID: 37849988 PMCID: PMC10578522 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play fundamental roles in atherosclerotic plaque formation, growth, and regression. These cells are extremely plastic and perform different immune functions depending on the stimuli they receive. Initial in vitro studies have identified specific metabolic pathways that are crucial for the proper function of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving macrophages. However, the plaque microenvironment, especially in the context of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, constantly challenges macrophages with several simultaneous inflammatory and metabolic stimuli, which may explain why atherosclerosis is accelerated in diabetic patients. In this mini review, we discuss how macrophage mitochondrial function and metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids may be affected by this complex plaque microenvironment and how risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes alter the metabolic rewiring of macrophages and disease progression. We also briefly discuss current challenges in assessing macrophage metabolism and identify future tools and possible strategies to alter macrophage metabolism to improve treatment options for diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Gindri dos Santos
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), The Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Aronova A, Tosato F, Naser N, Asare Y. Innate Immune Pathways in Atherosclerosis-From Signaling to Long-Term Epigenetic Reprogramming. Cells 2023; 12:2359. [PMID: 37830572 PMCID: PMC10571887 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune pathways play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, from sensing initial danger signals to the long-term reprogramming of immune cells. Despite the success of lipid-lowering therapy, anti-hypertensive medications, and other measures in reducing complications associated with atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Consequently, there is an urgent need to devise novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to alleviate the global burden of CVD. Extensive experimental research and epidemiological studies have demonstrated the dominant role of innate immune mechanisms in the progression of atherosclerosis. Recently, landmark trials including CANTOS, COLCOT, and LoDoCo2 have provided solid evidence demonstrating that targeting innate immune pathways can effectively reduce the risk of CVD. These groundbreaking trials mark a significant paradigm shift in the field and open new avenues for atheroprotective treatments. It is therefore crucial to comprehend the intricate interplay between innate immune pathways and atherosclerosis for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Additionally, unraveling the mechanisms underlying long-term reprogramming may offer novel strategies to reverse the pro-inflammatory phenotype of immune cells and restore immune homeostasis in atherosclerosis. In this review, we present an overview of the innate immune pathways implicated in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on the signaling pathways driving chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis and the long-term reprogramming of immune cells within atherosclerotic plaque. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing these processes presents exciting opportunities for the development of a new class of immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at reducing inflammation and promoting plaque stability. By addressing these aspects, we can potentially revolutionize the management of atherosclerosis and its associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yaw Asare
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany
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38
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You H, Dong M. Identification of Immuno-Inflammation-Related Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Bioinformatics. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3283-3302. [PMID: 37576155 PMCID: PMC10417757 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s421196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have confirmed that inflammation and immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, only few related genes are identified as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI. Patients and Methods GSE48060 and GSE60993 datasets were retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus. The differentially expressed immuno-inflammation-related genes (DEIIRGs) were obtained from GSE48060, and the biomarkers for AMI were screened and validated using the "Neuralnet" package and GSE60993 dataset. Further, the biomarker-based nomogram was constructed, and miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), and potential drugs targeting the biomarkers were explored. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis was analyzed in AMI. Finally, the biomarkers were verified by assessing their mRNA levels using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results First, eight biomarkers were screened via bioinformatics, and the artificial neural network model indicated a higher prediction accuracy for AMI even in the validation dataset. Nomogram had accurate forecasting ability for AMI as well. The TFs GTF2I, PHOX2B, RUNX1, and FOS targeting hsa-miR-1297 could regulate the expressions of ADM and CBLB, and RORA could effectively interact with melatonin and citalopram. RT-qPCR results for ADM, PI3, MMP9, NRG1 and CBLB were consistent with those of bioinformatic analysis. Conclusion In conclusion, eight key immuno-inflammation-related genes, namely, SH2D1B, ADM, PI3, MMP9, NRG1, CBLB, RORA, and FASLG, may serve as the potential biomarkers for AMI, in which the downregulation of CBLB and upregulation of ADM, PI3, and NRG1 in AMI was detected for the first time, providing a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengya Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710068, People’s Republic of China
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Popa-Fotea NM, Ferdoschi CE, Micheu MM. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1200341. [PMID: 37600028 PMCID: PMC10434786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1200341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in spite of the improved medical and invasive treatment in terms of revascularization. Atherosclerosis is a dynamic, multi-step process in which inflammation is a ubiquitous component participating in the initiation, development, and entanglements of the atherosclerotic plaque. After activation, the immune system, either native or acquired, is part of the atherosclerotic dynamics enhancing the pro-atherogenic function of immune or non-immune cells, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, or platelets, through mediators such as cytokines or directly by cell-to-cell interaction. Cytokines are molecules secreted by the activated cells mentioned above that mediate the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis whose function is to stimulate the immune cells and the production of further cytokines. This review provides insights of the cell axis activation and specific mechanisms and pathways through which inflammation actuates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Elena Ferdoschi
- Department 4 Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila,”Bucharest, Romania
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40
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Monaco C, Dib L. Breaking the macrophage code in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1622-1623. [PMID: 37226046 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Lea Dib
- Kennedy Institute, Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
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Dib L, Koneva LA, Edsfeldt A, Zurke YX, Sun J, Nitulescu M, Attar M, Lutgens E, Schmidt S, Lindholm MW, Choudhury RP, Cassimjee I, Lee R, Handa A, Goncalves I, Sansom SN, Monaco C. Lipid-associated macrophages transition to an inflammatory state in human atherosclerosis increasing the risk of cerebrovascular complications. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:656-672. [PMID: 38362263 PMCID: PMC7615632 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The immune system is integral to cardiovascular health and disease. Targeting inflammation ameliorates adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Atherosclerosis, a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), is conceptualised as a lipid-driven inflammation where macrophages play a non-redundant role. However, evidence emerging so far from single cell atlases suggests a dichotomy between lipid associated and inflammatory macrophage states. Here, we present an inclusive reference atlas of human intraplaque immune cell communities. Combining scRNASeq of human surgical carotid endarterectomies in a discovery cohort with bulk RNASeq and immunohistochemistry in a validation cohort (the Carotid Plaque Imaging Project-CPIP), we reveal the existence of PLIN2hi/TREM1hi macrophages as a toll-like receptor-dependent inflammatory lipid-associated macrophage state linked to cerebrovascular events. Our study shifts the current paradigm of lipid-driven inflammation by providing biological evidence for a pathogenic macrophage transition to an inflammatory lipid-associated phenotype and for its targeting as a new treatment strategy for CVD.
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Grants
- FS/18/63/34184 British Heart Foundation
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)
- British Heart Foundation (BHF)
- Fondation Leducq
- European Commission (EC)
- Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research (KENN161701, KENN202101, KENN192004), Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre.
- Vetenskapsrådet (Swedish Research Council)
- The Swedish Society for Medical Research, Crafoord foundation; The Swedish Society of Medicine, the Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, Diabetes foundation, SUS foundation, Lund University Diabetes Center, The Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation, the Medical Faculty at Lund University and Region Skåne.
- Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research (KENN161701, KENN202101, KENN192004)
- Netcare-Physicians-Partnership trust
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning (Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Dib
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lada A. Koneva
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yasemin-Xiomara Zurke
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Nitulescu
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Moustafa Attar
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Steffen Schmidt
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, RNA Therapeutics Research, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Marie W. Lindholm
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, RNA Therapeutics Research, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Ismail Cassimjee
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Regent Lee
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashok Handa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Isabel Goncalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stephen N. Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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42
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Mechanism of oxidized phospholipid-related inflammatory response in vascular ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101888. [PMID: 36806379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Vascular ageing is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of the elderly. Atherosclerosis is a characteristic disease of vascular ageing, which is closely related to the enhancement of vascular inflammation. Phospholipid oxidation products are important factors in inducing cellular inflammation. Through interactions with vascular cells and immune cells, they regulate intracellular signaling pathways, activate the expression of various cytokines, and affect cell behavior, such as metabolic level, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. Intervention in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation are the two key pathways of drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This review aims to sort out the signaling pathway of oxidized phospholipids-induced inflammatory factors in vascular cells and immune cells and the mechanism leading to changes in cell behavior, and summarize the therapeutic targets in the inflammatory signaling pathway for the development of atherosclerosis drugs.
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43
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Pu L, Meng Q, Li S, Wang Y, Liu B. TXNRD1 knockdown inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells subjected to oscillatory shear stress via activation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/apoptosis pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119436. [PMID: 36754152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, and fluid shear stress is a key factor regulating its occurrence and development. Oscillatory shear stress (Oss) is an important pro-atherosclerosis factor. Oss mainly occurs in areas that are susceptible to atherosclerosis, but the exact mechanism of atherosclerosis induction remains unclear. Therefore, starting from the atheroprone phenotype that Oss stimulates abnormal vascular endothelial cell proliferation, this study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism of Oss-induced atherosclerosis formation and to identify new targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. In this study, the gene encoding thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), which is closely related to atherosclerosis development and cell proliferation, was screened by analyzing the transcriptome sequencing data of static and Oss-treated human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Moreover, this study successfully verified that TXNRD1 mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in Oss-treated HAECs. Oss significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HAECs, whereas TXNRD1 knockdown impaired the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of Oss-treated HAECs, and this process was mainly achieved via activation of the apoptosis pathway. To further clarify whether Oss-sensitive TXNRD1 affects the apoptosis rate and proliferative ability of HAECs by regulating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, we used NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to inhibit eNOS activity and nitric oxide (NO) production. L-NAME significantly reversed the promoting effect of TXNRD1 knockdown on Oss-treated HAEC apoptosis, and it also abolished the inhibitory effect of TXNRD1 knockdown on the proliferation and S + G2 phase cell mass of Oss-treated HAECs. In conclusion, this study showed that TXNRD1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of HAECs exposed to Oss by activating the eNOS/apoptosis pathway, revealing that TXNRD1 is involved in the dysregulation of Oss-induced endothelial cell proliferation. These findings provide new directions and insights into the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luya Pu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Adipose tissue macrophages and their role in obesity-associated insulin resistance: an overview of the complex dynamics at play. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232519. [PMID: 36718668 PMCID: PMC10011338 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a major global health concern, is characterized by serious imbalance between energy intake and expenditure leading to excess accumulation of fat in adipose tissue (AT). A state of chronic low-grade AT inflammation is prevalent during obesity. The adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) with astounding heterogeneity and complex regulation play a decisive role in mediating obesity-induced insulin resistance. Adipose-derived macrophages were broadly classified as proinflammatory M1 and anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes but recent reports have proclaimed several novel and intermediate profiles, which are crucial in understanding the dynamics of macrophage phenotypes during development of obesity. Lipid-laden hypertrophic adipocytes release various chemotactic signals that aggravate macrophage infiltration into AT skewing toward mostly proinflammatory status. The ratio of M1-like to M2-like macrophages is increased substantially resulting in copious secretion of proinflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, fetuin-A (FetA), etc. further worsening insulin resistance. Several AT-derived factors could influence ATM content and activation. Apart from being detrimental, ATM exerts beneficial effects during obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the prime role of AT-resident macrophage subpopulations in not only effective clearance of excess fat and dying adipocytes but also in controlling vascular integrity, adipocyte secretions, and fibrosis within obese AT. The role of ATM subpopulations as friend or foe is determined by an intricate interplay of such factors arising within hyperlipidemic microenvironment of obese AT. The present review article highlights some of the key research advances in ATM function and regulation, and appreciates the complex dynamics of ATM in the pathophysiologic scenario of obesity-associated insulin resistance.
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45
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Macrophage Phenotyping in Atherosclerosis by Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032613. [PMID: 36768933 PMCID: PMC9917096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are heterogeneous and plastic cells, able to adapt their phenotype and functions to changes in the microenvironment. They are involved in several homeostatic processes and also in many human diseases, including atherosclerosis, where they participate in all the stages of the disease. For these reasons, macrophages have been studied extensively using different approaches, including proteomics. Proteomics, indeed, may be a powerful tool to better understand the behavior of these cells, and a careful analysis of the proteome of different macrophage phenotypes can help to better characterize the role of these phenotypes in atherosclerosis and provide a broad view of proteins that might potentially affect the course of the disease. In this review, we discuss the different proteomic techniques that have been used to delineate the proteomic profile of macrophage phenotypes and summarize some results that can help to elucidate the roles of macrophages and develop new strategies to counteract the progression of atherosclerosis and/or promote regression.
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46
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Wang L, Cai J, Qiao T, Li K. Ironing out macrophages in atherosclerosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1-10. [PMID: 36647723 PMCID: PMC10157607 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
<p indent="0mm">The most common cause of death worldwide is atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders. Macrophages are important players in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and perform critical functions in iron homeostasis due to recycling iron by phagocytosis of senescent red blood cells and regulating iron availability in the tissue microenvironment. With the growth of research on the "iron hypothesis" of atherosclerosis, macrophage iron has gradually become a hotspot in the refined iron hypothesis. Macrophages with the M1, M2, M(Hb), Mox, and other phenotypes have been defined with different iron-handling capabilities related to the immune function and immunometabolism of macrophages, which influence the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review, we focus on macrophage iron and its effects on the development of atherosclerosis. We also cover the contradictory discoveries and propose a possible explanation. Finally, pharmaceutical modulation of macrophage iron is discussed as a promising target for atherosclerosis therapy.</p>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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47
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Wang W, Liang M, Wang L, Bei W, Rong X, Xu J, Guo J. Role of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage polarization: Insights into atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115357. [PMID: 36455672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a trigger of cardiovascular disease, poses grave threats to human health. Although atherosclerosis depends on lipid accumulation and vascular wall inflammation, abnormal phenotypic regulation of macrophages is considered the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Macrophage polarization mainly refers to the transformation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which has recently become a much-discussed topic. Increasing evidence has shown that M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate atherosclerosis progression. PGE2 is a bioactive lipid that has been observed to be elevated in atherosclerosis and to play a pro-inflammatory role, yet recent studies have reported that PGE2 promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and mitigates atherosclerosis progression. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 acts remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGE2 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discuss potential PGE2 mechanisms of macrophage polarization, including CREB, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways, which may provide important therapeutic strategies based on targeting PGE2 pathways to modulate macrophage polarization for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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48
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Wu J, He S, Song Z, Chen S, Lin X, Sun H, Zhou P, Peng Q, Du S, Zheng S, Liu X. Macrophage polarization states in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185587. [PMID: 37207214 PMCID: PMC10189114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting large and medium arteries, is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. Macrophages are key mediators of inflammatory responses. They are involved in all stages of atherosclerosis development and progression, from plaque formation to transition into vulnerable plaques, and are considered important therapeutic targets. Increasing evidence suggests that the modulation of macrophage polarization can effectively control the progression of atherosclerosis. Herein, we explore the role of macrophage polarization in the progression of atherosclerosis and summarize emerging therapies for the regulation of macrophage polarization. Thus, the aim is to inspire new avenues of research in disease mechanisms and clinical prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiu Liu
- *Correspondence: Xiu Liu, ; Shaoyi Zheng,
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49
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Guo X, Ma L. Inflammation in coronary artery disease-clinical implications of novel HDL-cholesterol-related inflammatory parameters as predictors. Coron Artery Dis 2023; 34:66-77. [PMID: 36317383 PMCID: PMC9742007 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Inflammation and atherosclerotic plaques are the primary pathological mechanisms of CAD. Upon stimulation by deposited lipids and damaged endothelium, innate and adaptive immune cells are activated and recruited to initiate plaque development. Therefore, inflammatory cells and mediators are used to identify inflammatory risk in CAD patients. HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory roles in atherosclerosis by interfering with plasma membrane lipid rafts of immune cells. Based on this, novel inflammatory parameters such as monocyte to HDL-C ratio are explored to improve the risk estimation of CAD prognosis. Moreover, with the advance in treatment strategies targeting the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, identifying CAD patients with increased inflammatory risk by novel inflammatory parameters is of great importance in guiding CAD management. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current information regarding inflammatory activation and HDL-C in atherosclerosis with a particular focus on the clinical implication of the novel HDL-C-related inflammatory parameters in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuantong Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Shin DY, Kim BS, Lee HY, Park YM, Kim YW, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Kim MS, Bae JS. Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold leaf extract enhanced immunostimulatory effects in a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:9422. [PMID: 37152296 PMCID: PMC10155189 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.9422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold (EA) is a medicinal plant used in some Asian countries to treat various diseases, including cancer, hyperglycemia, diabetes, urticaria, dysmenorrhea, and arthritis. Owing to the wide range of pharmacological applications of EA, various roles of EA are being studied. Objective We evaluated the immune-enhancing effect of EA treatment in a cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed rat model. Design We analyzed the immune enhancement effect of EA on macrophages by western blotting. In addition, cell viability and natural killer (NK) cell activity were analyzed in splenocytes following EA treatment. For in vivo studies, analysis of weekly body weight, spleen weight, immune cell count, cytokine levels, and spleen histological findings was performed following EA administration in Cy-induced immunocompromised rats. Results EA significantly increased cell viability and phospho-nuclear factor-kappa B and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase protein levels in the macrophages. EA significantly increased NK cell activity in splenocytes compared with the control group. In Cy-induced immunosuppressed rats, EA administration increased spleen tissue weight and the contents of leukocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, intermediate cells, and plasma cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ). In addition, improvement in the damaged spleen tissue was observed. Conclusions These findings confirm that EA exerts an immune-enhancing effect, thereby suggesting its potential as an immunostimulatory agent or functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeop Shin
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
- INVIVO Co. Ltd., Nonsan, South Korea
| | - Byeong Soo Kim
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, South Korea
| | | | | | - Yong Wan Kim
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit, DongSung Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., Daegu, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo, South Korea
| | | | - Mi Seong Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, College of Dentistry, Institute of Biomaterial-Implant, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Jun Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
- Jun Sang Bae, Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
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