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Mensah IK, Gowher H. Epigenetic Regulation of Mammalian Cardiomyocyte Development. EPIGENOMES 2024; 8:25. [PMID: 39051183 PMCID: PMC11270418 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes8030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The heart is the first organ formed during mammalian development and functions to distribute nutrients and oxygen to other parts of the developing embryo. Cardiomyocytes are the major cell types of the heart and provide both structural support and contractile function to the heart. The successful differentiation of cardiomyocytes during early development is under tight regulation by physical and molecular factors. We have reviewed current studies on epigenetic factors critical for cardiomyocyte differentiation, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodelers, and noncoding RNAs. This review also provides comprehensive details on structural and morphological changes associated with the differentiation of fetal and postnatal cardiomyocytes and highlights their differences. A holistic understanding of all aspects of cardiomyocyte development is critical for the successful in vitro differentiation of cardiomyocytes for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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2
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Nosrati S, Gheisari M, Zare S, Dara M, Zolghadri S, Razeghian-Jahromi I. The impact of diabetic glucose concentration on viability and cardiac differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102361. [PMID: 38502970 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperglycemia may be a stumbling block for delivery of regenerative benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to diabetic patients with cardiovascular diseases. Our study aims to assess the viability and cardiac differentiation potential of MSCs after being exposed to diabetic glucose concentration. METHODS MSCs were extracted from rat bone marrow. Cells were characterized based on morphology, differentiation potential, and expression of mesenchymal specific markers. MTT assay was done to evaluate the viability of MSCs after treatment with different glucose concentrations. Case group was MSCs treated with diabetic concentration of glucose versus cells treated with PBS as the control group. Growth curve and population doubling time were calculated in both groups. Expression of GATA4 and troponin, as the early and late markers during cardiac differentiation, were measured following 5-azacytidine exposure. RESULTS Proliferated cells at passage three had fibroblastic-shape, was able to differentiate into adipocytes or osteocytes, and expressed CD73 and CD90. MSCs viability was gradually decreased by increasing glucose concentration. Irrespective of nicotine concentration, three-day exposure imposed more severe detrimental effects on viability compared with one-day treatment. Proliferation rate of the MSCs was lower in the case group, and they need more time for population doubling. Expression of both cardiac markers were downregulated in the case group at day three. However, their expression became higher at day seven. CONCLUSION Diabetic glucose concentration inhibits normal proliferation and cardiac differentiation of MSCs. This effect should be considered in stem cell therapy of cardiovascular patients who are concurrently affected by hyperglycemia, a common comorbidity in such individuals. Why carry out this study? What was learned from the study? FINDINGS
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Nosrati
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gheisari
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Zare
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
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Cheng P, Rashad A, Gangrade A, Barros NRD, Khademhosseini A, Tam J, Varadarajan P, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells in Myocardial Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:1-14. [PMID: 37294202 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results in the significant loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) due to the ischemic injury following coronary occlusion leading to impaired contractility, fibrosis, and ultimately heart failure. Stem cell therapy emerged as a promising regenerative strategy to replenish the otherwise terminally differentiated CM to restore cardiac function. Multiple strategies have been applied to successfully differentiate diverse stem cell populations into CM-like phenotypes characterized by the expression status of signature biomarkers and observable spontaneous contractions. This article discusses the current understanding and applications of various stem cell phenotypes to drive the differentiation machinery toward CM-like lineage. Impact Statement Ischemic heart disease (IHD) extensively affects a large proportion of the population worldwide. Unfortunately, current treatments for IHD are insufficient to restore cardiac effectiveness and functionality. A growing field in regenerative cardiology explores the potential for stem cell therapy following cardiovascular ischemic episodes. The thorough understanding regarding the potential and shortcomings of translational approaches to drive versatile stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineage paves the way for multiple opportunities for next-generation cardiac management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Cheng
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Ahmad Rashad
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ankit Gangrade
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Tam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Padmini Varadarajan
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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4
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Zhong H, Zhang R, Li G, Huang P, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Kuang J, Hutchins AP, Qin D, Zhu P, Pei D, Li D. c-JUN is a barrier in hESC to cardiomyocyte transition. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302121. [PMID: 37604584 PMCID: PMC10442936 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of c-JUN leads to early mouse embryonic death, possibly because of a failure to develop a normal cardiac system. How c-JUN regulates human cardiomyocyte cell fate remains unknown. Here, we used the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes to study the role of c-JUN. Surprisingly, the knockout of c-JUN improved cardiomyocyte generation, as determined by the number of TNNT2+ cells. ATAC-seq data showed that the c-JUN defect led to increased chromatin accessibility on critical regulatory elements related to cardiomyocyte development. ChIP-seq data showed that the knockout c-JUN increased RBBP5 and SETD1B expression, leading to improved H3K4me3 deposition on key genes that regulate cardiogenesis. The c-JUN KO phenotype could be copied using the histone demethylase inhibitor CPI-455, which also up-regulated H3K4me3 levels and increased cardiomyocyte generation. Single-cell RNA-seq data defined three cell branches, and knockout c-JUN activated more regulons that are related to cardiogenesis. In summary, our data demonstrated that c-JUN could regulate cardiomyocyte cell fate by modulating H3K4me3 modification and chromatin accessibility and shed light on how c-JUN regulates heart development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhong
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- https://ror.org/00zat6v61 Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- https://ror.org/00zat6v61 Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yudan Zhang
- Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieying Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Kuang
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andrew P Hutchins
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- https://ror.org/00zat6v61 Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Laboratory of Cell Fate Control, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- https://ror.org/00zat6v61 Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Li S, Yan B, Wu B, Su J, Lu J, Lam TW, Boheler KR, Poon ENY, Luo R. Integrated modeling framework reveals co-regulation of transcription factors, miRNAs and lncRNAs on cardiac developmental dynamics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:247. [PMID: 37705079 PMCID: PMC10500942 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dissecting complex interactions among transcription factors (TFs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are central for understanding heart development and function. Although computational approaches and platforms have been described to infer relationships among regulatory factors and genes, current approaches do not adequately account for how highly diverse, interacting regulators that include noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) control cardiac gene expression dynamics over time. METHODS To overcome this limitation, we devised an integrated framework, cardiac gene regulatory modeling (CGRM) that integrates LogicTRN and regulatory component analysis bioinformatics modeling platforms to infer complex regulatory mechanisms. We then used CGRM to identify and compare the TF-ncRNA gene regulatory networks that govern early- and late-stage cardiomyocytes (CMs) generated by in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) and ventricular and atrial CMs isolated during in vivo human cardiac development. RESULTS Comparisons of in vitro versus in vivo derived CMs revealed conserved regulatory networks among TFs and ncRNAs in early cells that significantly diverged in late staged cells. We report that cardiac genes ("heart targets") expressed in early-stage hPSC-CMs are primarily regulated by MESP1, miR-1, miR-23, lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1, while GATA6, HAND2, miR-200c, NEAT1 and MALAT1 are critical for late hPSC-CMs. The inferred TF-miRNA-lncRNA networks regulating heart development and contraction were similar among early-stage CMs, among individual hPSC-CM datasets and between in vitro and in vivo samples. However, genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation, and transmembrane transport showed a high degree of divergence between in vitro and in vivo derived late-stage CMs. Overall, late-, but not early-stage CMs diverged greatly in the expression of "heart target" transcripts and their regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we find that hPSC-CMs are regulated in a cell autonomous manner during early development that diverges significantly as a function of time when compared to in vivo derived CMs. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using CGRM to reveal dynamic and complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory interactions that underlie cell directed versus environment-dependent CM development. These results with in vitro versus in vivo derived CMs thus establish this approach for detailed analyses of heart disease and for the analysis of cell regulatory systems in other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junhao Su
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianliang Lu
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tak-Wah Lam
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and The Whiting School of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ellen Ngar-Yun Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence (HK HOPE), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Krup AL, Winchester SAB, Ranade SS, Agrawal A, Devine WP, Sinha T, Choudhary K, Dominguez MH, Thomas R, Black BL, Srivastava D, Bruneau BG. A Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in transcriptional and epigenomic specification of early cardiac precursors. Development 2023; 150:dev201229. [PMID: 36994838 PMCID: PMC10259516 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional networks governing cardiac precursor cell (CPC) specification are incompletely understood owing, in part, to limitations in distinguishing CPCs from non-cardiac mesoderm in early gastrulation. We leveraged detection of early cardiac lineage transgenes within a granular single-cell transcriptomic time course of mouse embryos to identify emerging CPCs and describe their transcriptional profiles. Mesp1, a transiently expressed mesodermal transcription factor, is canonically described as an early regulator of cardiac specification. However, we observed perdurance of CPC transgene-expressing cells in Mesp1 mutants, albeit mislocalized, prompting us to investigate the scope of the role of Mesp1 in CPC emergence and differentiation. Mesp1 mutant CPCs failed to robustly activate markers of cardiomyocyte maturity and crucial cardiac transcription factors, yet they exhibited transcriptional profiles resembling cardiac mesoderm progressing towards cardiomyocyte fates. Single-cell chromatin accessibility analysis defined a Mesp1-dependent developmental breakpoint in cardiac lineage progression at a shift from mesendoderm transcriptional networks to those necessary for cardiac patterning and morphogenesis. These results reveal Mesp1-independent aspects of early CPC specification and underscore a Mesp1-dependent regulatory landscape required for progression through cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leigh Krup
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah A. B. Winchester
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sanjeev S. Ranade
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - W. Patrick Devine
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tanvi Sinha
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Krishna Choudhary
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Martin H. Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian L. Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G. Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Deciphering Cardiac Biology and Disease by Single-Cell Transcriptomic Profiling. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040566. [PMID: 35454155 PMCID: PMC9032111 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
By detecting minute molecular changes in hundreds to millions of single cells, single-cell RNA sequencing allows for the comprehensive characterization of the diversity and dynamics of cells in the heart. Our understanding of the heart has been transformed through the recognition of cellular heterogeneity, the construction of regulatory networks, the building of lineage trajectories, and the mapping of intercellular crosstalk. In this review, we introduce cardiac progenitors and their transcriptional regulation during embryonic development, highlight cellular heterogeneity and cell subtype functions in cardiac health and disease, and discuss insights gained from the study of pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
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The Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Test as an Alternative Method for Embryotoxicity Testing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063295. [PMID: 35328717 PMCID: PMC8950674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of substances for their potency to induce embryotoxicity is controlled by safety regulations. Test guidelines for reproductive and developmental toxicity rely mainly on animal studies, which make up the majority of animal usage in regulatory toxicology. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative in vitro methods to follow the 3R principles. To improve human safety, cell models based on human cells are of great interest to overcome species differences. Here, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an ideal cell source as they largely recapitulate embryonic stem cells without bearing ethical concerns and they are able to differentiate into most cell types of the human body. Here, we set up and characterized a fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free hiPSC-based in vitro test method, called the human induced pluripotent stem cell test (hiPS Test), to evaluate the embryotoxic potential of substances. After 10 days in culture, hiPSCs develop into beating cardiomyocytes. As terminal endpoint evaluations, cell viability, qPCR analyses as well as beating frequency and area of beating cardiomyocytes by video analyses are measured. The embryotoxic positive and non-embryotoxic negative controls, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Penicillin G (PenG), respectively, were correctly assessed in the hiPS Test. More compounds need to be screened in the future for defining the assay’s applicability domain, which will inform us of the suitability of the hiPS Test for detecting adverse effects of substances on embryonic development.
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Gu L, Zheng H, Zhao R, Zhang X, Wang Q. Diosgenin inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via inducing mesoderm posterior 1 down-regulation-mediated alternative reading frame expression. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S632-S645. [PMID: 34806916 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211053292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether and how mesoderm posterior 1 (MESP1) plays a role in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells remain unclear. METHODS The expression of MESP1 was compared in 48 human gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of MESP1 was performed to investigate the role of MESP1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of BGC-823 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of alternative reading frame (ARF) was performed to study the role of ARF in the inhibitory effect of MESP1 knockdown on cell proliferation in gastric cancer cells. Mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model bearing BGC-823 cells was used to investigate the role of MESP1 in the growth of gastric tumor in vivo. The effect of seven active ingredients from T. terrestris on MESP1 expression was tested. The anti-cancer effect of diosgenin was confirmed in gastric cancer cells. MESP1 dependence of the anti-cancer effect of diosgenin was confirmed by MESP1 knockdown. RESULTS MESP1 was highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues (p < 0.05). MESP1 knockdown induced apoptosis and up-regulated the expression of ARF in gastric cancer cells (p < 0.05). Knockdown of ARF attenuated the anti-cancer effect of MESP1 knockdown (p < 0.05). In addition, MESP1 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth in vivo (p < 0.05). Diosgenin inhibits both mRNA and protein expression of MESP1 (p < 0.05). MESP1 knockdown attenuated the anti-cancer effect of diosgenin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MESP1 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via inhibiting ARF expression. Diosgenin exerts anti-cancer effect through inhibiting MESP1 expression in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
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Li X, Gao F, Wang X, Liang Q, Bai A, Liu Z, Chen X, Li E, Chen S, Lu C, Qian R, Sun N, Liang P, Xu C. E2A ablation enhances proportion of nodal-like cardiomyocytes in cardiac-specific differentiation of human embryonic stem cells. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103575. [PMID: 34488017 PMCID: PMC8426208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human sinoatrial cardiomyocytes are essential building blocks for cell therapies of conduction system disorders. However, current differentiation protocols for deriving nodal cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are very inefficient. METHODS By employing the hPSCs to cardiomyocyte (CM) in vitro differentiation system and generating E2A-knockout hESCs using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we analyze the functions of E2A in CM differentiation. FINDINGS We found that knockout of the transcription factor E2A substantially increased the proportion of nodal-like cells in hESC-derived CMs. The E2A ablated CMs displayed smaller cell size, increased beating rates, weaker contractile force, and other functional characteristics similar to sinoatrial node (SAN) cells. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that ion channel-encoding genes were up-regulated in E2A ablated CMs. E2A directly bounded to the promoters of genes key to SAN development via conserved E-box motif, and promoted their expression. Unexpect enhanced activity of NOTCH pathway after E2A ablation could also facilate to induct ventricle workingtype CMs reprogramming into SAN-like cells. INTERPRETATION Our study revealed a new role for E2A during directed cardiac differentiation of hESCs and may provide new clues for enhancing induction efficiency of SAN-like cardiomyocytes from hPSCs in the future. FUNDING This work was supported by the NSFC (No.82070391, N.S.; No.81870175 and 81922006, P.L.), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC2000202, N.S.; 2017YFA0103700, P.L.), the Haiju program of National Children's Medical Center EK1125180102, and Innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai and a key laboratory program of the Education Commission of Shanghai Municipality (ZDSYS14005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuya Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University,Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Aobing Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyun Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sifeng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Abstract
Cardiomyogenesis, the process by which the body generates cardiomyocytes, is poorly understood. We have recently shown that Sfrp2 promotes cardiomyogenesis in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine if Sfrp2 would similarly promote cardiomyogenesis in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we tracked multipotent cKit(+) cells in response to Sfrp2 treatment. In control adult mice, multipotent cKit(+) cells typically differentiated into endothelial cells but not cardiomyocytes. In contrast, Sfrp2 switched the fate of these cells. Following Sfrp2 injection, multipotent cKit(+) cells differentiated solely into cardiomyocytes. Sfrp2-derived cardiomyocytes integrated into the myocardium and exhibited identical physiological properties to preexisting native cardiomyocytes. The ability of Sfrp2 to promote cardiomyogenesis was further supported by tracking EdU-labeled cells. In addition, Sfrp2 did not promote the formation of new cardiomyocytes when the cKit(+) cell population was selectively ablated in vivo using a diphtheria toxin receptor-diphtheria toxin model. Notably, Sfrp2-induced cardiomyogenesis was associated with significant functional improvements in a cardiac injury model. In summary, our study further demonstrates the importance of Sfrp2 in cardiomyogenesis.
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12
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases top the list of fatal illnesses worldwide. Cardiac tissues is known to be one of te least proliferative in the human body, with very limited regenraive capacity. Stem cell therapy has shown great potential for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the experimental setting, but success in human trials has been limited. Applications of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular regeneration necessitate understamding of the complex and unique structure of the heart unit, and the embryologic development of the heart muscles and vessels. This chapter aims to provide an insight into cardiac progenitor cells and their potential applications in regenerative medicine. It also provides an overview of the embryological development of cardiac tissue, and the major findings on the development of cardiac stem cells, their characterization, and differentiation, and their regenerative potential. It concludes with clinical applications in treating cardiac disease using different approaches, and concludes with areas for future research.
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13
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Inácio JM, von Gilsa Lopes J, Silva AM, Cristo F, Marques S, Futschik ME, Belo JA. DAND5 Inactivation Enhances Cardiac Differentiation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629430. [PMID: 33928078 PMCID: PMC8078107 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the clues of a regenerative mechanism for the mammalian adult heart would save millions of lives in the near future. Heart failure due to cardiomyocyte loss is still one of the significant health burdens worldwide. Here, we show the potential of a single molecule, DAND5, in mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes specification and proliferation. Dand5 loss-of-function generated the double of cardiac beating foci compared to the wild-type cells. The early formation of cardiac progenitor cells and the increased proliferative capacity of Dand5 KO mESC-derived cardiomyocytes contribute to the observed higher number of derived cardiac cells. Transcriptional profiling sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR assays showed an upregulation of early cardiac gene networks governing cardiomyocyte differentiation, cell cycling, and cardiac regenerative pathways but reduced levels of genes involved in cardiomyocyte maturation. These findings prompt DAND5 as a key driver for the generation and expansion of pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes systems with further clinical application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Inácio
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João von Gilsa Lopes
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Silva
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Cristo
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara Marques
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Medical School, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - José António Belo
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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James EC, Tomaskovic-Crook E, Crook JM. Bioengineering Clinically Relevant Cardiomyocytes and Cardiac Tissues from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063005. [PMID: 33809429 PMCID: PMC8001925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is insufficient to functionally recover damaged tissue, and as such, ischaemic heart disease forms the largest proportion of cardiovascular associated deaths. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have enormous potential for developing patient specific cardiomyocytes for modelling heart disease, patient-based cardiac toxicity testing and potentially replacement therapy. However, traditional protocols for hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes yield mixed populations of atrial, ventricular and nodal-like cells with immature cardiac properties. New insights gleaned from embryonic heart development have progressed the precise production of subtype-specific hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes; however, their physiological immaturity severely limits their utility as model systems and their use for drug screening and cell therapy. The long-entrenched challenges in this field are being addressed by innovative bioengingeering technologies that incorporate biophysical, biochemical and more recently biomimetic electrical cues, with the latter having the potential to be used to both direct hiPSC differentiation and augment maturation and the function of derived cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissues by mimicking endogenous electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Claire James
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
| | - Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.T.-C.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Jeremy Micah Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia;
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy 3065, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.T.-C.); (J.M.C.)
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15
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Haridhasapavalan KK, Ranjan SH, Bhattacharyya S, Thummer RP. Soluble expression, purification, and secondary structure determination of human MESP1 transcription factor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2363-2376. [PMID: 33651130 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor MESP1 is a crucial factor regulating cardiac, hematopoietic, and skeletal myogenic development. Besides, it also contributes to the generation of functional cardiomyocytes. Here, we report the soluble expression and purification of the full-length human MESP1 protein from the heterologous system, which can be delivered into the target mammalian cells. To generate this biological macromolecule, we cloned its codon-optimized gene sequence fused to a nuclear localization sequence, a cell-penetrating peptide, and a His-tag into the protein expression vector and expressed in the bacterial system (E. coli strain BL21(DE3)). Subsequently, we have screened and identified the optimal expression parameters to obtain this recombinant fusion protein in soluble form from E. coli and examined its expression concerning the placement of fusion tags at either terminal. Further, we have purified this recombinant fusion protein to homogeneity under native conditions. Notably, this purified fusion protein has maintained its secondary structure after purification, primarily comprising α-helices and random coils. This molecular tool can potentially replace its genetic and viral forms in the cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts to induce a cardiac transcriptional profile in an integration-free manner and elucidating its role in various biological processes and diseases. KEY POINTS: • Screening of the suitable gene construct was performed and identified. • Screening of optimal expression conditions was performed and identified. • Native purification of recombinant human MESP1 protein from E. coli was performed. • Recombinant MESP1 protein has retained its secondary structure after purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Haridhasapavalan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sujal Harsh Ranjan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Srirupa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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16
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Abstract
Cardiac development is a complex developmental process that is initiated soon after gastrulation, as two sets of precardiac mesodermal precursors are symmetrically located and subsequently fused at the embryonic midline forming the cardiac straight tube. Thereafter, the cardiac straight tube invariably bends to the right, configuring the first sign of morphological left–right asymmetry and soon thereafter the atrial and ventricular chambers are formed, expanded and progressively septated. As a consequence of all these morphogenetic processes, the fetal heart acquired a four-chambered structure having distinct inlet and outlet connections and a specialized conduction system capable of directing the electrical impulse within the fully formed heart. Over the last decades, our understanding of the morphogenetic, cellular, and molecular pathways involved in cardiac development has exponentially grown. Multiples aspects of the initial discoveries during heart formation has served as guiding tools to understand the etiology of cardiac congenital anomalies and adult cardiac pathology, as well as to enlighten novels approaches to heal the damaged heart. In this review we provide an overview of the complex cellular and molecular pathways driving heart morphogenesis and how those discoveries have provided new roads into the genetic, clinical and therapeutic management of the diseased hearts.
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17
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Sun Y, Liu J, Xu Z, Lin X, Zhang X, Li L, Li Y. Matrix stiffness regulates myocardial differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:2231-2250. [PMID: 33318310 PMCID: PMC7880396 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) with strong self-renewal capacity and multipotency, provide the possibility of replacing injured cardiomyocytes. hUC-MSCs were cultured on polyacrylamide hydrogels with stiffnesses corresponding to Young's modulus of 13-16kPa and 62-68kPa which mimic the stiffnesses of healthy heart tissue and fibrotic myocardium. The expression of early myocardial markers Nkx2.5, GATA4, Mesp1 and the mature myocardial markers cTnT, cTnI, α-actin were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot, which showed that soft matrix (13-16 kPa) tended to induce the differentiation of hUC-MSCs into myocardium, compared with stiff matrix (62-68 kPa). Piezos are mechanically sensitive non-selective cation channels. The expression of Piezo1 increased with the stiffness gradient of 1-10kPa, 13-16kPa, 35-38kPa and 62-68kPa on the 1st day, but Piezo2 expression was irregular. The expression of integrin β1 and calcium ions were also higher on stiff substrate than on soft substrate. hUC-MSCs tend to differentiate into myocardium on the matrix stiffness of 13-16 kPa. The relationship among matrix stiffness, Piezo1 and myocardial differentiation needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Xia J, Meng Z, Ruan H, Yin W, Xu Y, Zhang T. Heart Development and Regeneration in Non-mammalian Model Organisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:595488. [PMID: 33251221 PMCID: PMC7673453 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.595488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human health and a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent years have witnessed exciting progress in the understanding of heart formation and development, enabling cardiac biologists to make significant advance in the field of therapeutic heart regeneration. Most of our understanding of heart development and regeneration, including the genes and signaling pathways, are driven by pioneering works in non-mammalian model organisms, such as fruit fly, fish, frog, and chicken. Compared to mammalian animal models, non-mammalian model organisms have special advantages in high-throughput applications such as disease modeling, drug discovery, and cardiotoxicity screening. Genetically engineered animals of cardiovascular diseases provide valuable tools to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis and to evaluate therapeutic strategies. A large number of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) non-mammalian models have been established and tested for the genes and signaling pathways involved in the diseases. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of heart development and regeneration revealed by these models, highlighting the advantages of non-mammalian models as tools for cardiac research. The knowledge from these animal models will facilitate therapeutic discoveries and ultimately serve to accelerate translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Xia
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongxuan Meng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyue Ruan
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Lopez AL, Wang S, Larina IV. Embryonic Mouse Cardiodynamic OCT Imaging. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:E42. [PMID: 33020375 PMCID: PMC7712379 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic heart is an active and developing organ. Genetic studies in mouse models have generated great insight into normal heart development and congenital heart defects, and suggest mechanical forces such as heart contraction and blood flow to be implicated in cardiogenesis and disease. To explore this relationship and investigate the interplay between biomechanical forces and cardiac development, live dynamic cardiac imaging is essential. Cardiodynamic imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is proving to be a unique approach to functional analysis of the embryonic mouse heart. Its compatibility with live culture systems, reagent-free contrast, cellular level resolution, and millimeter scale imaging depth make it capable of imaging the heart volumetrically and providing spatially resolved information on heart wall dynamics and blood flow. Here, we review the progress made in mouse embryonic cardiodynamic imaging with OCT, highlighting leaps in technology to overcome limitations in resolution and acquisition speed. We describe state-of-the-art functional OCT methods such as Doppler OCT and OCT angiography for blood flow imaging and quantification in the beating heart. As OCT is a continuously developing technology, we provide insight into the future developments of this area, toward the investigation of normal cardiogenesis and congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA;
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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20
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Swedlund B, Lescroart F. Cardiopharyngeal Progenitor Specification: Multiple Roads to the Heart and Head Muscles. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a036731. [PMID: 31818856 PMCID: PMC7397823 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, the heart arises from various sources of undifferentiated mesodermal progenitors, with an additional contribution from ectodermal neural crest cells. Mesodermal cardiac progenitors are plastic and multipotent, but are nevertheless specified to a precise heart region and cell type very early during development. Recent findings have defined both this lineage plasticity and early commitment of cardiac progenitors, using a combination of single-cell and population analyses. In this review, we discuss several aspects of cardiac progenitor specification. We discuss their markers, fate potential in vitro and in vivo, early segregation and commitment, and also intrinsic and extrinsic cues regulating lineage restriction from multipotency to a specific cell type of the heart. Finally, we also discuss the subdivisions of the cardiopharyngeal field, and the shared origins of the heart with other mesodermal derivatives, including head and neck muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Swedlund
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies hold great promises to boost our understanding of the heterogeneity and molecular regulation of diverse cell phenotypes during organ development. In this review, we aimed at summarizing recent advances in employing single-cell transcriptomic analysis to depict the landscape of embryonic heart development, in particular, focusing on cardiac progenitor (CP) differentiation. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies unbiasedly cataloged and characterized cardiac cell types in the spatial and temporal resolution during early heart development. Pseudo-time analysis revealed a temporal continuum of the differentiation progress from embryonic day (E) 6.5 to E9.5, implicating early cardiac lineage restriction during mouse gastrulation. First and second heart field (FHF and SHF) CPs adopted different differentiation strategies and underwent distinct transcriptional regulation. Collectively, the comprehensive molecular atlases yield a rich resource for identification of the key cardiac regulators and signaling molecules within the key cardiac gene regulatory network (GRN) governing cardiac cell fate determinations. This review offers insights into the exquisite process and its regulation of CP differentiation at single-cell resolution. As single-cell technologies continuously grow and evolve, computational integration of multimodal single-cell data with well-designed experimental validation promises to further delineate molecular basis in deploying cardiac progenitors of distinct sources with anatomical information.
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22
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Vyas B, Nandkishore N, Sambasivan R. Vertebrate cranial mesoderm: developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1933-1945. [PMID: 31722070 PMCID: PMC11105048 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate cranial mesoderm is a discrete developmental unit compared to the mesoderm below the developing neck. An extraordinary feature of the cranial mesoderm is that it includes a common progenitor pool contributing to the chambered heart and the craniofacial skeletal muscles. This striking developmental potential and the excitement it generated led to advances in our understanding of cranial mesoderm developmental mechanism. Remarkably, recent findings have begun to unravel the origin of its distinct developmental characteristics. Here, we take a detailed view of the ontogenetic trajectory of cranial mesoderm and its regulatory network. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose that cranial and posterior mesoderm diverge at the earliest step of the process that patterns the mesoderm germ layer along the anterior-posterior body axis. Further, we discuss the latest evidence and their impact on our current understanding of the evolutionary origin of cranial mesoderm. Overall, the review highlights the findings from contemporary research, which lays the foundation to probe the molecular basis of unique developmental potential and evolutionary origin of cranial mesoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Vyas
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nitya Nandkishore
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru, 560065, India
- SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Ramkumar Sambasivan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Transit Campus, Karakambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
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23
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Zhao MT, Shao NY, Garg V. Subtype-specific cardiomyocytes for precision medicine: Where are we now? Stem Cells 2020; 38:822-833. [PMID: 32232889 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have greatly transformed the current understanding of human heart development and cardiovascular disease. Cardiomyocytes derived from personalized PSCs are powerful tools for modeling heart disease and performing patient-based cardiac toxicity testing. However, these PSC-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) are a mixed population of atrial-, ventricular-, and pacemaker-like cells in the dish, hindering the future of precision cardiovascular medicine. Recent insights gleaned from the developing heart have paved new avenues to refine subtype-specific cardiomyocytes from patients with known pathogenic genetic variants and clinical phenotypes. Here, we discuss the recent progress on generating subtype-specific (atrial, ventricular, and nodal) cardiomyocytes from the perspective of embryonic heart development and how human pluripotent stem cells will expand our current knowledge on molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and the future of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ning-Yi Shao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People's Republic of China
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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24
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Nemade H, Acharya A, Chaudhari U, Nembo E, Nguemo F, Riet N, Abken H, Hescheler J, Papadopoulos S, Sachinidis A. Cyclooxygenases Inhibitors Efficiently Induce Cardiomyogenesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030554. [PMID: 32120775 PMCID: PMC7140528 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) is limited by the challenges in their efficient differentiation. Recently, the Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway has emerged as the key regulator of cardiomyogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on cardiac differentiation of hPSCs. Cardiac differentiation was performed by adherent monolayer based method using 4 hPSC lines (HES3, H9, IMR90, and ES4SKIN). The efficiency of cardiac differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry and RT-qPCR. Generated hPSC-CMs were characterised using immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, electron microscopy, and calcium transient measurements. Our data show that the COX inhibitors Sulindac and Diclofenac in combination with CHIR99021 (GSK-3 inhibitor) efficiently induce cardiac differentiation of hPSCs. In addition, inhibition of COX using siRNAs targeted towards COX-1 and/or COX-2 showed that inhibition of COX-2 alone or COX-1 and COX-2 in combination induce cardiomyogenesis in hPSCs within 12 days. Using IMR90-Wnt reporter line, we showed that inhibition of COX-2 led to downregulation of Wnt signalling activity in hPSCs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that COX inhibition efficiently induced cardiogenesis via modulation of COX and Wnt pathway and the generated cardiomyocytes express cardiac-specific structural markers as well as exhibit typical calcium transients and action potentials. These cardiomyocytes also responded to cardiotoxicants and can be relevant as an in vitro cardiotoxicity screening model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Nemade
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Aviseka Acharya
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Umesh Chaudhari
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Erastus Nembo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Nicole Riet
- Department I Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Deptartment Genetic Immunotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (H.N.); (A.A.); (U.C.); (E.N.); (F.N.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0221-4787373
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25
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Xu Y, Luo Y, Liang C, Zhang T. LncRNA-Mhrt regulates cardiac hypertrophy by modulating the miR-145a-5p/KLF4/myocardin axis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:47-61. [PMID: 31982428 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an early milestone of many heart diseases. LncRNAs often play a leading role in this process. However, its mechanism of action in cardiac hypertrophy has not been fully explained. In a previous study, we showed a new mode by which lncRNA-Mhrt inhibited cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting myocardin. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore potential action modes of Mhrt in regulating the expression of myocardin in the process of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we find that Mhrt reduces myocardin expression through KLF4 in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, Mhrt promotes the expression of KLF4 through direct binding to miR-145a-5p or inhibiting phosphorylation of KLF4 by forming a complex with KLF4 to prevent the binding of ERK and KLF4, thereby inhibiting myocardin expression and the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Taken together, our findings reveal a new pathway, Mhrt-KLF4-myocardin, that regulates cardiac hypertrophy and revealed additional possible action modes of Mhrt in the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy. The new regulatory pathway serves as a potential therapeutic avenue for cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying Luo
- College of Biological Science and Technology,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Zhao M, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Deciphering Role of Wnt Signalling in Cardiac Mesoderm and Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Human iPSCs: Four-dimensional control of Wnt pathway for hiPSC-CMs differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19389. [PMID: 31852937 PMCID: PMC6920374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is critically dependent upon the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. The mechanisms remain unclear with regard to the dose and timing of each differentiation inducer, and the interaction of the inducers that regulate the Wnt in mesendoderm specification to cardiac mesoderm. Consequently, it remains far from optimal in differentiation efficiency and consistency from hiPSC lines to CMs. Here, we have carefully deciphered the role of Wnt signaling pathway manipulation on mesoderm specification in a dosage and time dependent manner. To examine the hypothesis of that fate specification of hiPSC-CMs differentiation is dictated by temporal and spatial factors that regulate Wnt, we evaluate hiPSC-CM differentiation with: (1) two-phase modulation of Wnt, (2) dosage variant of GSK3β inhibitors, (3) treatment with insulin, and (4) 3-dimentional suspension culture environment on iPSC-CM differentiation. The results highlight the importance of mesendoderm specification to cardiac mesoderm, which needs precisely regulation of Wnt in a dosage dependent and temporal on/off manner. This temporal regulation dictates the final efficiency and purity of derived cardiomyocytes. After the initial activation of Wnt signaling pathway to generate mesendoderm, the maintenance of Wnt signaling at an appropriate dose is critical to direct the cell fate into cardiac mesoderm. Otherwise, lower Wnt signals lead to definitive endoderm and higher Wnt signals induce presomitic mesoderm differentiation. The precisely specification of cardiac mesoderm results in not only greater than 90% of cTnT+ cardiomyocytes but also high cardiomyocytes yield under both monolayer and suspension culture conditions. Thus, the current findings provide critical insights to decipher the temporal mechanism of Wnt activation in regulation of hiPSC-CMs differentiation, and more importantly provide the guidelines for the consistent and high-yield and high-quality hiPSC-CMs production in cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA
| | - Yawen Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL35233, USA.
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27
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Tandon N, Goller K, Wang F, Soibam B, Gagea M, Jain AK, Schwartz RJ, Liu Y. Aberrant expression of embryonic mesendoderm factor MESP1 promotes tumorigenesis. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:55-66. [PMID: 31761621 PMCID: PMC6921370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesoderm Posterior 1 (MESP1) belongs to the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. It is a master regulator of mesendoderm development, leading to formation of organs such as heart and lung. However, its role in adult pathophysiology remains unknown. Here, we report for the first time a previously-unknown association of MESP1 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods MESP1 mRNA and protein levels were measured in NSCLC-derived cells by qPCR and immunoblotting respectively. Colony formation assay, colorimetric cell proliferation assay and soft agar colony formation assays were used to assess the effects of MESP1 knockdown and overexpression in vitro. RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR were used to determine direct target genes of MESP1. Subcutaneous injection of MESP1-depleted NSCLC cells in immuno-compromised mice was done to study the effects of MESP1 mediated tumor formation in vivo. Findings We found that MESP1 expression correlates with poor prognosis in NSCLC patients, and is critical for proliferation and survival of NSCLC-derived cells, thus implicating MESP1 as a lung cancer oncogene. Ectopic MESP1 expression cooperates with loss of tumor suppressor ARF to transform murine fibroblasts. Xenografts from MESP1-depleted cells showed decreased tumor growth in vivo. Global transcriptome analysis revealed a MESP1 DNA-binding-dependent gene signature associated with various hallmarks of cancer, suggesting that transcription activity of MESP1 is most likely responsible for its oncogenic abilities. Interpretation Our study demonstrates MESP1 as a previously-unknown lineage-survival oncogene in NSCLC which may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for lung cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tandon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kristina Goller
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mihai Gagea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abhinav K Jain
- Center for Cancer Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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28
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Inhibitor of DNA binding in heart development and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:51. [PMID: 31126344 PMCID: PMC6534900 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Id proteins, inhibitors of DNA binding, are transcription regulators containing a highly conserved helix-loop-helix domain. During multiple stages of normal cardiogenesis, Id proteins play major roles in early development and participate in the differentiation and proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells and mature cardiomyocytes. The fact that a depletion of Ids can cause a variety of defects in cardiac structure and conduction function is further evidence of their involvement in heart development. Multiple signalling pathways and growth factors are involved in the regulation of Ids in a cell- and tissue- specific manner to affect heart development. Recent studies have demonstrated that Ids are related to multiple aspects of cardiovascular diseases, including congenital structural, coronary heart disease, and arrhythmia. Although a growing body of research has elucidated the important role of Ids, no comprehensive review has previously compiled these scattered findings. Here, we introduce and summarize the roles of Id proteins in heart development, with the hope that this overview of key findings might shed light on the molecular basis of consequential cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we described the future prospective researches needed to enable advancement in the maintainance of the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, research focusing on increasing embryonic stem cell culture adaptability will help to improve the future therapeutic application of cardiac regeneration.
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29
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Edri S, Hayward P, Baillie-Johnson P, Steventon BJ, Martinez Arias A. An epiblast stem cell-derived multipotent progenitor population for axial extension. Development 2019; 146:dev.168187. [PMID: 31023877 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The caudal lateral epiblast of mammalian embryos harbours bipotent progenitors that contribute to the spinal cord and the paraxial mesoderm in concert with the body axis elongation. These progenitors, called neural mesodermal progenitors (NMPs), are identified as cells that co-express Sox2 and T/brachyury, a criterion used to derive NMP-like cells from embryonic stem cells in vitro However, unlike embryonic NMPs, these progenitors do not self-renew. Here, we find that the protocols that yield NMP-like cells in vitro initially produce a multipotent population that, in addition to NMPs, generates progenitors for the lateral plate and intermediate mesoderm. We show that epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are an effective source of these multipotent progenitors, which are further differentiated by a balance between BMP and Nodal signalling. Importantly, we show that NMP-like cells derived from EpiSCs exhibit limited self-renewal in vitro and a gene expression signature like their embryonic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Edri
- Department of Genetics, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Penny Hayward
- Department of Genetics, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Peter Baillie-Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Benjamin J Steventon
- Department of Genetics, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
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Vahdat S, Bakhshandeh B. Prediction of putative small molecules for manipulation of enriched signalling pathways in hESC-derived early cardiovascular progenitors by bioinformatics analysis. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:77-83. [PMID: 33444476 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) are considered as powerful tools for cardiac regenerative medicine and developmental study. Mesoderm posterior1+ (MESP1+ ) cells are identified as the earliest CPCs from which almost all cardiac cell types are generated. Molecular insights to the transcriptional regulatory factors of early CPCs are required to control cell fate decisions. Herein, the microarray data set of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived MESP1+ cells was analysed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparison to undifferentiated hESCs and MESP1-negative cells. Then, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were carried out with the subsequent prediction of putative regulatory small molecules for modulation of CPC fate. Some key signalling cascades of cardiogenesis including Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, and PI3K/Akt were highlighted in MESP1+ cells. The transcriptional regulatory network of MESP1+ cells were visualised through interaction networks of DEGs. Additionally, 35 promising chemicals were predicted based on correlations with gene expression signature of MESP1+ cells for effective in vitro CPC manipulation. Studying the transcriptional profile of MESP1+ cells resulted into the identification of important signalling pathways and chemicals which could be introduced as powerful tools to manage proliferation and differentiation of hESC-derived CPCs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Population and Single-Cell Analysis of Human Cardiogenesis Reveals Unique LGR5 Ventricular Progenitors in Embryonic Outflow Tract. Dev Cell 2019; 48:475-490.e7. [PMID: 30713072 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The morphogenetic process of mammalian cardiac development is complex and highly regulated spatiotemporally by multipotent cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CPCs). Mouse studies have been informative for understanding mammalian cardiogenesis; however, similar insights have been poorly established in humans. Here, we report comprehensive gene expression profiles of human cardiac derivatives from multipotent CPCs to intermediates and mature cardiac cells by population and single-cell RNA-seq using human embryonic stem cell-derived and embryonic/fetal heart-derived cardiac cells micro-dissected from specific heart compartments. Importantly, we discover a uniquely human subset of cono-ventricular region-specific CPCs, marked by LGR5. At 4 to 5 weeks of fetal age, the LGR5+ population appears to emerge specifically in the proximal outflow tract of human embryonic hearts and thereafter promotes cardiac development and alignment through expansion of the ISL1+TNNT2+ intermediates. The current study contributes to a deeper understanding of human cardiogenesis, which may uncover the putative origins of certain human congenital cardiac malformations.
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SCL/TAL1 cooperates with Polycomb RYBP-PRC1 to suppress alternative lineages in blood-fated cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5375. [PMID: 30560907 PMCID: PMC6299140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, it is unclear if lineage-fated cells derive from multilineage-primed progenitors and whether active mechanisms operate to restrict cell fate. Here we investigate how mesoderm specifies into blood-fated cells. We document temporally restricted co-expression of blood (Scl/Tal1), cardiac (Mesp1) and paraxial (Tbx6) lineage-affiliated transcription factors in single cells, at the onset of blood specification, supporting the existence of common progenitors. At the same time-restricted stage, absence of SCL results in expansion of cardiac/paraxial cell populations and increased cardiac/paraxial gene expression, suggesting active suppression of alternative fates. Indeed, SCL normally activates expression of co-repressor ETO2 and Polycomb-PRC1 subunits (RYBP, PCGF5) and maintains levels of Polycomb-associated histone marks (H2AK119ub/H3K27me3). Genome-wide analyses reveal ETO2 and RYBP co-occupy most SCL target genes, including cardiac/paraxial loci. Reduction of Eto2 or Rybp expression mimics Scl-null cardiac phenotype. Therefore, SCL-mediated transcriptional repression prevents mis-specification of blood-fated cells, establishing active repression as central to fate determination processes. Mechanisms that operate during embryonic development to restrict cell fate are currently under investigation. Here the authors characterise the role of SCL/TAL1 at the onset of blood specification in embryonic development using mouse EB differentiation culture as a model system.
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Vahdat S, Pahlavan S, Aghdami N, Bakhshandeh B, Baharvand H. Establishment of A Protocol for In Vitro Culture of Cardiogenic Mesodermal Cells Derived from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:496-504. [PMID: 30123995 PMCID: PMC6099148 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) are introduced as one of the promising cell sources for preclinical studies
and regenerative medicine. One of the earliest type of CPCs is cardiogenic mesoderm cells (CMCs), which have the capability
to generate all types of cardiac lineage derivatives. In order to benefit from CMCs, development of an efficient culture strategy
is required. We aim to explore an optimized culture condition that uses human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived CMCs.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, hESCs were expanded and induced toward cardiac lineage in a
suspension culture. Mesoderm posterior 1-positive (MESP1+) CMCs were subjected to four different culture conditions: i.
Suspension culture of CMC spheroids, ii. Adherent culture of CMC spheroids, iii. Adherent culture of single CMCs using
gelatin, and iv. Adherent culture of single CMCs using Matrigel.
Results Although, we observed no substantial changes in the percentage of MESP1+ cells in different culture
conditions, there were significantly higher viability and total cell numbers in CMCs cultured on Matrigel (condition iv)
compared to the other groups. CMCs cultivated on Matrigel maintained their progenitor cell signature, which included
the tendency for cardiogenic differentiation.
Conclusion These results showed the efficacy of an adherent culture on Matrigel for hESC-derived CMCs, which would
facilitate their use for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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STAT3-Inducible Mouse ESCs: A Model to Study the Role of STAT3 in ESC Maintenance and Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8632950. [PMID: 30254684 PMCID: PMC6142778 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8632950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that STAT3 is essential in maintaining self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and modulates ESC differentiation. However, there is still lack of direct evidence on STAT3 functions in ESCs and embryogenesis because constitutive STAT3 knockout (KO) mouse is embryonic lethal at E6.5-E7.5, prior to potential functional role in early development can be assessed. Therefore, in this study, two inducible STAT3 ESC lines were established, including the STAT3 knockout (InSTAT3 KO) and pSTAT3 overexpressed (InSTAT3 CA) using Tet-on inducible system in which STAT3 expression can be strictly controlled by doxycycline (Dox) stimulation. Through genotyping, deletion of STAT3 alleles was detected in InSTAT3 KO ESCs following 24 hours Dox stimulation. Western blot also showed that pSTAT3 and STAT3 protein levels were significantly reduced in InSTAT3 KO ESCs while dominantly elevated in InSTAT3 CA ECSs upon Dox stimulation. Likewise, it was found that STAT3-null ESCs would affect the differentiation of ESCs into mesoderm and cardiac lineage. Taken together, the findings of this study indicated that InSTAT3 KO and InSTAT3 CA ESCs could provide a new tool to clarify the direct targets of STAT3 and its role in ESC maintenance, which will facilitate the elaboration of the mechanisms whereby STAT3 maintains ESC pluripotency and regulates ESC differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis.
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Ziegler T, Hinkel R, Kupatt C. Induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac models: effects of Thymosin β4. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:111-120. [PMID: 30063852 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1473370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The establishment of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and cardiomyocytes differentiated from them generated a new platform to study pathophysiological processes and to generate drug screening platforms and iPSC-derived tissues as therapeutic agents. Although major advances have been made in iPSC-reprogramming, cardiac differentiation and EHT production, reprogramming efficiency and the maturity of iPSC-CMs need to be further improved. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors summarize the current state of the field of iPSC research, the methodology of cardiac differentiation of iPSCs, the use of iPSC-CMs as disease models and toxicity screening platforms, and the potential of EHTs as therapeutic agents. The authors furthermore highlight the mechanisms by which Thymosin β4 might enhance the production of iPSC-CMs and EHTs to improve their maturity and performance. EXPERT OPINION iPSCs derived cardiomyocytes and EHTs represent a still young research field with many problems and pitfalls that need to be resolved to realize the full potential of iPSC-CMs and EHTs. Given that Thymosin β4 directly enhances cardiac differentiation while also promoting angiogenic sprouting and vessel maturation, Tβ4 might be of particular interest as a novel agent in tackling the difficulty of iPSC-CMs and engineered heart tissue grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Ziegler
- a I. Medizinische Klinik & Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany.,b DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich , German
| | - Rabea Hinkel
- a I. Medizinische Klinik & Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany.,b DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich , German.,c Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention , Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Christian Kupatt
- a I. Medizinische Klinik & Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany.,b DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance , Munich , German
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Abou-Saleh H, Zouein FA, El-Yazbi A, Sanoudou D, Raynaud C, Rao C, Pintus G, Dehaini H, Eid AH. The march of pluripotent stem cells in cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:201. [PMID: 30053890 PMCID: PMC6062943 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Heart failure remains a major contributor to this mortality. Despite major therapeutic advances over the past decades, a better understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms of CVD as well as improved therapeutic strategies for the management or treatment of heart failure are increasingly needed. Loss of myocardium is a major driver of heart failure. An attractive approach that appears to provide promising results in reducing cardiac degeneration is stem cell therapy (SCT). In this review, we describe different types of stem cells, including embryonic and adult stem cells, and we provide a detailed discussion of the properties of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We also present and critically discuss the key methods used for converting somatic cells to pluripotent cells and iPSCs to cardiomyocytes (CMs), along with their advantages and limitations. Integrating and non-integrating reprogramming methods as well as characterization of iPSCs and iPSC-derived CMs are discussed. Furthermore, we critically present various methods of differentiating iPSCs to CMs. The value of iPSC-CMs in regenerative medicine as well as myocardial disease modeling and cardiac regeneration are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fouad A. Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Despina Sanoudou
- Clinical Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Unit, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, “Attikon” Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christopher Rao
- Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woolwich, London, UK
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Dehaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Islas JF, Moreno-Cuevas JE. A MicroRNA Perspective on Cardiovascular Development and Diseases: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2075. [PMID: 30018214 PMCID: PMC6073753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the latest research pertaining to MicroRNAs (miRs) related to cardiovascular diseases. In today's molecular age, the key clinical aspects of diagnosing and treating these type of diseases are crucial, and miRs play an important role. Therefore, we have made a thorough analysis discussing the most important candidate protagonists of many pathways relating to such conditions as atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and congenital heart disorders. We approach miRs initially from the fundamental molecular aspects and look at their role in developmental pathways, as well as regulatory mechanisms dysregulated under specific cardiovascular conditions. By doing so, we can better understand their functional roles. Next, we look at therapeutic aspects, including delivery and inhibition techniques. We conclude that a personal approach for treatment is paramount, and so understanding miRs is strategic for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Francisco Islas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Grupo de Investigación con Enfoque Estratégico en Bioingeniería y Medicina Regenerativa, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, NL 64710, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Eugenio Moreno-Cuevas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Grupo de Investigación con Enfoque Estratégico en Bioingeniería y Medicina Regenerativa, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, NL 64710, Mexico.
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Rulands S, Lescroart F, Chabab S, Hindley CJ, Prior N, Sznurkowska MK, Huch M, Philpott A, Blanpain C, Simons BD. Universality of clone dynamics during tissue development. NATURE PHYSICS 2018; 14:469-474. [PMID: 29736183 PMCID: PMC5935228 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of complex organs is driven by the coordinated proliferation, migration and differentiation of precursor cells. The fate behaviour of these cells is reflected in the time evolution their progeny, termed clones, which serve as a key experimental observable. In adult tissues, where cell dynamics is constrained by the condition of homeostasis, clonal tracing studies based on transgenic animal models have advanced our understanding of cell fate behaviour and its dysregulation in disease (1, 2). But what can be learned from clonal dynamics in development, where the spatial cohesiveness of clones is impaired by tissue deformations during tissue growth? Drawing on the results of clonal tracing studies, we show that, despite the complexity of organ development, clonal dynamics may converge to a critical state characterized by universal scaling behaviour of clone sizes. By mapping clonal dynamics onto a generalization of the classical theory of aerosols, we elucidate the origin and range of scaling behaviours and show how the identification of universal scaling dependences may allow lineage-specific information to be distilled from experiments. Our study shows the emergence of core concepts of statistical physics in an unexpected context, identifying cellular systems as a laboratory to study non-equilibrium statistical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rulands
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauer Str. 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabienne Lescroart
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Samira Chabab
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Christopher J Hindley
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Nicole Prior
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Magdalena K Sznurkowska
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Meritxell Huch
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anna Philpott
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Cedric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, JJ Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Stem Cell Research, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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39
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Ruan W, Zhao F, Zhao S, Zhang L, Shi L, Pang T. Knockdown of long noncoding RNA MEG3 impairs VEGF-stimulated endothelial sprouting angiogenesis via modulating VEGFR2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Gene 2018; 649:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Lescroart F, Wang X, Lin X, Swedlund B, Gargouri S, Sànchez-Dànes A, Moignard V, Dubois C, Paulissen C, Kinston S, Göttgens B, Blanpain C. Defining the earliest step of cardiovascular lineage segregation by single-cell RNA-seq. Science 2018; 359:1177-1181. [PMID: 29371425 PMCID: PMC6556615 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mouse heart development arises from Mesp1-expressing cardiovascular progenitors (CPs) that are specified during gastrulation. The molecular processes that control early regional and lineage segregation of CPs have been unclear. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of wild-type and Mesp1-null CPs in mice. We showed that populations of Mesp1 CPs are molecularly distinct and span the continuum between epiblast and later mesodermal cells, including hematopoietic progenitors. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of Mesp1-deficient CPs showed that Mesp1 is required for the exit from the pluripotent state and the induction of the cardiovascular gene expression program. We identified distinct populations of Mesp1 CPs that correspond to progenitors committed to different cell lineages and regions of the heart, identifying the molecular features associated with early lineage restriction and regional segregation of the heart at the early stage of mouse gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Lescroart
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xionghui Lin
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Swedlund
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Souhir Gargouri
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Adriana Sànchez-Dànes
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Victoria Moignard
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine Dubois
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Catherine Paulissen
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
| | - Sarah Kinston
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
- Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Brussels B-1070, Belgium.
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
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Zhou Z, Wang J, Guo C, Chang W, Zhuang J, Zhu P, Li X. Temporally Distinct Six2-Positive Second Heart Field Progenitors Regulate Mammalian Heart Development and Disease. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1019-1032. [PMID: 28122228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The embryonic process of forming a complex structure such as the heart remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Six2 marks a dynamic subset of second heart field progenitors. Six2-positive (Six2+) progenitors are rapidly recruited and assigned, and their descendants are allocated successively to regions of the heart from the right ventricle (RV) to the pulmonary trunk. Global ablation of Six2+ progenitors resulted in RV hypoplasia and pulmonary atresia. An early stage-specific ablation of a small subset of Six2+ progenitors did not cause any apparent structural defect at birth but rather resulted in adult-onset cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Furthermore, Six2 expression depends in part on Shh signaling, and Shh deletion resulted in severe deficiency of Six2+ progenitors. Collectively, these findings unveil the chronological features of cardiogenesis, in which the mammalian heart is built sequentially by temporally distinct populations of cardiac progenitors, and provide insights into late-onset congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfang Zhou
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chaoshe Guo
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Weiting Chang
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, China.
| | - Xue Li
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Afouda BA, Lynch AT, de Paiva Alves E, Hoppler S. Genome-wide transcriptomics analysis identifies sox7 and sox18 as specifically regulated by gata4 in cardiomyogenesis. Dev Biol 2017; 434:108-120. [PMID: 29229250 PMCID: PMC5814753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors GATA4, GATA5 and GATA6 are important regulators of heart muscle differentiation (cardiomyogenesis), which function in a partially redundant manner. We identified genes specifically regulated by individual cardiogenic GATA factors in a genome-wide transcriptomics analysis. The genes regulated by gata4 are particularly interesting because GATA4 is able to induce differentiation of beating cardiomyocytes in Xenopus and in mammalian systems. Among the specifically gata4-regulated transcripts we identified two SoxF family members, sox7 and sox18. Experimental reinstatement of gata4 restores sox7 and sox18 expression, and loss of cardiomyocyte differentiation due to gata4 knockdown is partially restored by reinstating sox7 or sox18 expression, while (as previously reported) knockdown of sox7 or sox18 interferes with heart muscle formation. In order to test for conservation in mammalian cardiomyogenesis, we confirmed in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) undergoing cardiomyogenesis that knockdown of Gata4 leads to reduced Sox7 (and Sox18) expression and that Gata4 is also uniquely capable of promptly inducing Sox7 expression. Taken together, we identify an important and conserved gene regulatory axis from gata4 to the SoxF paralogs sox7 and sox18 and further to heart muscle cell differentiation. Gata 4, 5 and 6 have redundant and non-redundant functions in heart development. RNA-seq analysis of Gata4, 5 and 6 knockdown experiments was carried out. Genes specifically regulated by Gata4, 5 and 6 were identified. The SoxF genes sox7 and sox18 were identified as specifically regulated by Gata4. Epistasis demonstrates a regulatory axis from Gata4 to Sox7/18 to cardiomyogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boni A Afouda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Health Campus, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Adam T Lynch
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Health Campus, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Eduardo de Paiva Alves
- Centre for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, King's College Campus, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Stefan Hoppler
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill Health Campus, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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43
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Barile L, Milano G, Vassalli G. Beneficial effects of exosomes secreted by cardiac-derived progenitor cells and other cell types in myocardial ischemia. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:93. [PMID: 29270419 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When injected into acutely infarcted rodent or pig hearts, naturally secreted nanovesicles known as exosomes from cardiac-derived progenitor cells (CPCs) reduce scar size and improve cardiac function. In this regard, exosomes fully mimic the benefits of injecting their parent cells. This recognition paves the way to the development of exosome-based, cell-free treatments for heart disease that could possibly supplant cell-based therapies. Mechanisms of benefit of these vesicles are incompletely understood but cytoprotection, stimulation of angiogenesis, induction of antifibrotic cardiac fibroblasts, and modulation of M1/M2 polarization of macrophages infiltrating the infarcted region can all play important roles. Accordingly, the beneficial molecules carried by CPC-secreted exosomes have been identified only in part but cytoprotective and proangiogenic microRNAs (miRNA) and proteins have been described. Besides CPC-secreted exosomes, vesicles released from other cell types including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iSPCs) have also been associated with cardioprotection. This review aims to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of secreted vesicles in cardiac repair, with a focus on CPC-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Barile
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM) and Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM) and Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Heart and Vessel Department, CHUV University of Lausanne Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Vassalli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine (SIRM) and Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation, Lugano, Switzerland.,Heart and Vessel Department, CHUV University of Lausanne Medical Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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An integrative method to decode regulatory logics in gene transcription. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1044. [PMID: 29051499 PMCID: PMC5715098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01193-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling of transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) has been increasingly used to dissect the nature of gene regulation. Inference of regulatory relationships among transcription factors (TFs) and genes, especially among multiple TFs, is still challenging. In this study, we introduced an integrative method, LogicTRN, to decode TF–TF interactions that form TF logics in regulating target genes. By combining cis-regulatory logics and transcriptional kinetics into one single model framework, LogicTRN can naturally integrate dynamic gene expression data and TF-DNA-binding signals in order to identify the TF logics and to reconstruct the underlying TRNs. We evaluated the newly developed methodology using simulation, comparison and application studies, and the results not only show their consistence with existing knowledge, but also demonstrate its ability to accurately reconstruct TRNs in biological complex systems. Existing transcriptional regulatory networks models fall short of deciphering the cooperation between multiple transcription factors on dynamic gene expression. Here the authors develop an integrative method that combines gene expression and transcription factor-DNA binding data to decode transcription regulatory logics.
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45
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Inhibition of Histone Methyltransferase, Histone Deacetylase, and β-Catenin Synergistically Enhance the Cardiac Potential of Bone Marrow Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:3464953. [PMID: 28791052 PMCID: PMC5534312 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3464953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that treatment with the G9a histone methyltransferase inhibitor BIX01294 causes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to exhibit a cardiocompetent phenotype, as indicated by the induction of the precardiac markers Mesp1 and brachyury. Here, we report that combining the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) with BIX01294 synergistically enhances MSC cardiogenesis. Although TSA by itself had no effect on cardiac gene expression, coaddition of TSA to MSC cultures enhanced BIX01294-induced levels of Mesp1 and brachyury expression 5.6- and 7.2-fold. Moreover, MSCs exposed to the cardiogenic stimulus Wnt11 generated 2.6- to 5.6-fold higher levels of the cardiomyocyte markers GATA4, Nkx2.5, and myocardin when pretreated with TSA in addition to BIX01294. MSC cultures also showed a corresponding increase in the prevalence of sarcomeric protein-positive cells when treated with these small molecule inhibitors. These results correlated with data showing synergism between (1) TSA and BIX01294 in promoting acetylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 and (2) BIX01294 and Wnt11 in decreasing β-catenin accumulation in MSCs. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of observations in the early embryo on the importance of β-catenin signaling and histone modifications for cardiomyocyte differentiation and heart development.
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Zhang M, Li FX, Liu XY, Huang RT, Xue S, Yang XX, Li YJ, Liu H, Shi HY, Pan X, Qiu XB, Yang YQ. MESP1 loss-of-function mutation contributes to double outlet right ventricle. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:2747-2754. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Liu Q, Jiang C, Xu J, Zhao MT, Van Bortle K, Cheng X, Wang G, Chang HY, Wu JC, Snyder MP. Genome-Wide Temporal Profiling of Transcriptome and Open Chromatin of Early Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Derived From hiPSCs and hESCs. Circ Res 2017; 121:376-391. [PMID: 28663367 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent advances have improved our ability to generate cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory networks underlying early stages (ie, from mesoderm to cardiac mesoderm) of cardiomyocyte differentiation remains limited. OBJECTIVE To characterize transcriptome and chromatin accessibility during early cardiomyocyte differentiation from hiPSCs and hESCs. METHODS AND RESULTS We profiled the temporal changes in transcriptome and chromatin accessibility at genome-wide levels during cardiomyocyte differentiation derived from 2 hiPSC lines and 2 hESC lines at 4 stages: pluripotent stem cells, mesoderm, cardiac mesoderm, and differentiated cardiomyocytes. Overall, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that transcriptomes during early cardiomyocyte differentiation were highly concordant between hiPSCs and hESCs, and clustering of 4 cell lines within each time point demonstrated that changes in genome-wide chromatin accessibility were similar across hiPSC and hESC cell lines. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several modules that were strongly correlated with different stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Several novel genes were identified with high weighted connectivity within modules and exhibited coexpression patterns with other genes, including noncoding RNA LINC01124 and uncharacterized RNA AK127400 in the module related to the mesoderm stage; E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in the module correlated with postcardiac mesoderm. We further demonstrated that ZEB1 is required for early cardiomyocyte differentiation. In addition, based on integrative analysis of both WGCNA and transcription factor motif enrichment analysis, we determined numerous transcription factors likely to play important roles at different stages during cardiomyocyte differentiation, such as T and eomesodermin (EOMES; mesoderm), lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and mesoderm posterior BHLH transcription factor 1 (MESP1; from mesoderm to cardiac mesoderm), meis homeobox 1 (MEIS1) and GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) (postcardiac mesoderm), JUN and FOS families, and MEIS2 (cardiomyocyte). CONCLUSIONS Both hiPSCs and hESCs share similar transcriptional regulatory mechanisms underlying early cardiac differentiation, and our results have revealed transcriptional regulatory networks and new factors (eg, ZEB1) controlling early stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Chao Jiang
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jin Xu
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Kevin Van Bortle
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Xun Cheng
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Guangwen Wang
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- From the Department of Genetics (Q.L., C.J., K.V.B., M.P.S.), Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes (J.X., H.Y.C.), Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (M.T.Z., J.C.W.), and Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics (X.C., G.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA.
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Rapamycin efficiently promotes cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160552. [PMID: 28396518 PMCID: PMC5463265 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of rapamycin on cardiac differentiation, murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were induced into cardiomyocytes by 10−4 M ascorbic acid (AA), 20 nM rapamycin alone or 0.01% solvent DMSO. We found that rapamycin alone was insufficient to initiate cardiomyogenesis. Then, the ESCs were treated with AA and rapamycin (20 nM) or AA and DMSO (0.01%) as a control. Compared with control, mouse ESCs (mESCs) treated with rapamycin (20 nM) and AA yielded a significantly higher percentage of cardiomyocytes, as confirmed by the percentage of beating embryonic bodies (EBs), the immunofluorescence and FACS analysis. Rapamycin significantly increased the expression of a panel of cardiac markers including Gata4, α-Mhc, β-Mhc, and Tnnt2. Additionally, rapamycin enhanced the expression of mesodermal and cardiac transcription factors such as Mesp1, Brachyury T, Eomes, Isl1, Gata4, Nkx2.5, Tbx5, and Mef2c. Mechanistic studies showed that rapamycin inhibits Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling but promotes the expression of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf8), Fgf10, and Nodal at early stage, and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp 2) at later stages. Sequential treatment of rapamycin showed that rapamycin promotes cardiac differentiation at the early and later stages. Interestingly, another mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor Ku0063794 (1 µM) had similar effects on cardiomyogenesis. In conclusion, our results highlight a practical approach to generate cardiomyocytes from mESCs by rapamycin.
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miR-142-3p Contributes to Early Cardiac Fate Decision of Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1769298. [PMID: 28656050 PMCID: PMC5474537 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1769298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in cell fate decisions. However, the miRNAs and their targets involved in the regulation of cardiac lineage specification are largely unexplored. Here, we report novel functions of miR-142-3p in the regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). With a miRNA array screen, we identified a number of miRNAs significantly changed during mESC differentiation into the mesodermal and cardiac progenitor cells, and miR-142-3p was one among the markedly downregulated miRNAs. Ectopic expression and inhibition of miR-142-3p did not alter the characteristics of undifferentiated ESCs, whereas ectopic expression of miR-142-3p impaired cardiomyocyte formation. In addition, ectopic expression of miR-142-3p inhibited the expression of a cardiac mesodermal marker gene Mesp1 and downstream cardiac transcription factors Nkx2.5, Tbx5, and Mef2c but not the expression of three germ layer-specific genes. We further demonstrated that miR-142-3p targeted the 3'-untranslated region of Mef2c. These results reveal miR-142-3p as an important regulator of early cardiomyocyte differentiation. Our findings provide new knowledge for further understanding of roles and mechanisms of miRNAs as critical regulators of cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Liu Y. Earlier and broader roles of Mesp1 in cardiovascular development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1969-1983. [PMID: 28050627 PMCID: PMC11107530 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoderm posterior 1 is one of earliest markers of the nascent mesoderm. Its best-known function is driving the onset of the cardiovascular system. In the past decade, new evidence supports that Mesp1 acts earlier with greater breadth in cell fate decisions, and through cell-autonomous and cell non-autonomous mechanisms. This review summarizes these new aspects, with an emphasis on the upstream and downstream regulation around Mesp1 and how they may guide cell fate reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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