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Liu J, Geng R, Yang S, Shao F, Zhong Z, Yang M, Ni S, Cai L, Bai J. Development and Clinical Validation of Novel 8-Gene Prognostic Signature Associated With the Proportion of Regulatory T Cells by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis in Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:788431. [PMID: 34970268 PMCID: PMC8712567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.788431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is a gynecological malignant tumor with low survival rate and poor prognosis. The traditional clinicopathological staging is insufficient to estimate the prognosis of UCEC. It is necessary to select a more effective prognostic signature of UCEC to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy effect of UCEC. Methods CIBERSORT and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) algorithms were combined to screen modules related to regulatory T (Treg) cells. Subsequently, univariate, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the genes in key modules. The difference in overall survival (OS) between high- and low-risk patients was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The Tregs-related risk signature (TRRS) was screened by uni- and multivariate Cox analyses. Afterward, we analyzed the expression difference of TRRS and verified its ability to predict the prognosis of UCEC and the effect of immunotherapy. Results Red module has the highest correlation with Tregs among all clustered modules. Pathways enrichment indicated that the related processes of UCEC were primarily associated to the immune system. Eight genes (ZSWIM1, NPRL3, GOLGA7, ST6GALNAC4, CDC16, ITPK1, PCSK4, and CORO1B) were selected to construct TRRS. We found that this TRRS is a significantly independent prognostic factor of UCEC. Low-risk patients have higher overall survival than high-risk patients. The immune status of different groups was different, and tumor-related pathways were enriched in patients with higher risk score. Low-risk patients are more likely take higher tumor mutation burden (TMB). Meanwhile, they are more sensitive to chemotherapy than patients with high-risk score, which indicated a superior prognosis. Immune checkpoints such as PD-1, CTLA4, PD-L1, and PD-L2 all had a higher expression level in low-risk group. TRRS expression really has a relevance with the sensitivity of UCEC patients to chemotherapeutic drugs. Conclusion We developed and validated a TRRS to estimate the prognosis and reflect the immune status of UCEC, which could accurately assess the prognosis of patients with UCEC and supply personalized treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Geng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Shao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihang Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Senmiao Ni
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianling Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Heath, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Carli ALE, Afshar-Sterle S, Rai A, Fang H, O'Keefe R, Tse J, Ferguson FM, Gray NS, Ernst M, Greening DW, Buchert M. Cancer stem cell marker DCLK1 reprograms small extracellular vesicles toward migratory phenotype in gastric cancer cells. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000098. [PMID: 33991177 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a putative cancer stem cell marker, a promising diagnostic and prognostic maker for malignant tumors and a proposed driver gene for gastric cancer (GC). DCLK1 overexpression in a majority of solid cancers correlates with lymph node metastases, advanced disease and overall poor-prognosis. In cancer cells, DCLK1 expression has been shown to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), driving disruption of cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and invasion. Here, we report that DCLK1 influences small extracellular vesicle (sEV/exosome) biogenesis in a kinase-dependent manner. sEVs isolated from DCLK1 overexpressing human GC cell line MKN1 (MKN1OE -sEVs), promote the migration of parental (non-transfected) MKN1 cells (MKN1PAR ). Quantitative proteome analysis of MKN1OE -sEVs revealed enrichment in migratory and adhesion regulators (STRAP, CORO1B, BCAM, COL3A, CCN1) in comparison to MKN1PAR -sEVs. Moreover, using DCLK1-IN-1, a specific small molecule inhibitor of DCLK1, we reversed the increase in sEV size and concentration in contrast to other EV subtypes, as well as kinase-dependent cargo selection of proteins involved in EV biogenesis (KTN1, CHMP1A, MYO1G) and migration and adhesion processes (STRAP, CCN1). Our findings highlight a specific role of DCLK1-kinase dependent cargo selection for sEVs and shed new light on its role as a regulator of signaling in gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa L E Carli
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shoukat Afshar-Sterle
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alin Rai
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan O'Keefe
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janson Tse
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fleur M Ferguson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Li YQ, Li YL, Li XT, Lv JY, Gao Y, Li WN, Gong QH, Yang DL. Osthole Alleviates Neointimal Hyperplasia in Balloon-Induced Arterial Wall Injury by Suppressing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Downregulating Cyclin D1/CDK4 and Cyclin E1/CDK2 Expression. Front Physiol 2021; 11:514494. [PMID: 33574763 PMCID: PMC7870719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.514494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the most widely used therapy for treating ischemic heart disease. However, intimal hyperplasia and restenosis usually occur within months after angioplasty. Modern pharmacological researchers have proven that osthole, the major active coumarin of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, exerts potent antiproliferative effects in lung cancer cells, the human laryngeal cancer cell line RK33 and TE671 medulloblastoma cells, and its mechanism of action is related to cell cycle arrest. The goal of the present study was to observe the effect of osthole on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation using platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-stimulated VSMCs isolated from rats and vascular balloon injury as models to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity. We detected the relative number of VSMCs by the MTT assay and EdU staining and examined cell cycle progression by flow cytometry. To more deeply probe the mechanisms, the protein expression levels of PCNA, the cyclin D1/CDK4 complex and the cyclin E1/CDK2 complex in balloon-treated rat carotid arteries and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin E1/CDK2 complexes in VSMCs were detected by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. The data showed that osthole significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB. Furthermore, osthole caused apparent VSMC cycle arrest early in G0/G1 phase and decreased the expression of cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin E1/CDK2. Our results demonstrate that osthole can significantly inhibit PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and that its regulatory effects on cell cycle progression and proliferation may be related to the downregulation of cyclin D1/CDK4 and cyclin E1/CDK2 expression as well as the prevention of cell cycle progression from G0/G1 phase to S phase. The abovementioned mechanism may be responsible for the alleviation of neointimal hyperplasia in balloon-induced arterial wall injury by osthole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ye-Li Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun-Yuan Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wen-Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dan-Li Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Podstawski P, Witarski W, Szmatoła T, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Ropka-Molik K. Mobility and Invasion Related Gene Expression Patterns in Equine Sarcoid. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050880. [PMID: 32438542 PMCID: PMC7278424 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The current studies profiled the expression of five equine sarcoid cell genes related to cell mobility and invasion (cell cycle control binding protein alpha, coronin 1b, metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 and vimentin) and compared the expression of these genes in healthy skin fibroblasts. Cells were collected from healthy and sarcoid-affected skin biopsies obtained by a qualified veterinarian. Gene expression patterns were investigated under two different conditions of cell culture, with high and low availability of nutritional components in the culture medium. The results showed significant differences in the expression of the two analyzed genes (coronin 1b and vimentin) depending on culture conditions. The obtained results emphasize the complexity of the genomic background of sarcoids and indicate the importance of further research on genes related to the physiological changes that occur in sarcoids. Abstract Sarcoids are the most common skin neoplasm in the Equidae family. Sarcoids are benign, but may cause severe damage in affected animals. Due to the high risk of post-treatment recurrence and the lack of an effective method of treatment, it is reasonable to perform studies on the molecular aspects of this neoplasm. Therefore, the present studies analyzed five genes (cell cycle control binding protein alpha, coronin 1b, metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 and vimentin) related to cell mobility and invasion traits. Primary healthy fibroblasts and sarcoid cells were obtained from skin biopsies. Cell lines were cultured in two different medium types with different concentrations of foetal bovine serum (10% and 0.5% FBS) to study its influence on the analyzed genes. Gene expression was measured using the real-time PCR method. The results showed significant differences in two genes (coronin and vimentin) depending on culture conditions. In conclusion, the results enabled finding two new genes, related to cell motility and invasion traits, in which gene expression is deregulated. Results of the study may put new knowledge into the complexity of the genetic background of this disease and show the importance of further analysis on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Podstawski
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (W.W.); (T.S.); (K.R.-M.)
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicza24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Wojciech Witarski
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (W.W.); (T.S.); (K.R.-M.)
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (W.W.); (T.S.); (K.R.-M.)
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicza24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genomics, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (W.W.); (T.S.); (K.R.-M.)
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5
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Wei W, Li XX, Xu M. Inhibition of vascular neointima hyperplasia by FGF21 associated with FGFR1/Syk/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in diabetic mice. Atherosclerosis 2019; 289:132-142. [PMID: 31513948 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neointima hyperplasia is the pathological basis of atherosclerosis and restenosis, which have been associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a potential diabetic drug, however, it has not been investigated whether FGF21 prevents neointima hyperplasia in DM. METHODS Vascular neointima hyperplasia was induced in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) combined with low dose streptozotocin (STZ) administration. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were incubated with high glucose (HG, 30 mM). VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as formation of NLRP3 inflammasome, were assessed. RESULTS We found that FGF21 significantly inhibited neointima hyperplasia and improved endothelium-independent contraction in the wire-injured common carotid artery (CCA) of diabetic mice. In vitro, the proliferation and migration of HG-treated VSMCs were shown as remarkable increase of PCNA, cyclin D1, MMP2 and MMP9, as well as cell migration through wound healing and transwell migration assays. Such abnormal changes were dramatically reversed by FGF21, which mimicked the role of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 and caspase-1 inhibitor WEHD. Moreover, along with more NLRP3, ASC oligomer and their colocalization, the release of active caspase-1(p20) and IL-1β was significantly inhibited by FGF21 in VSMCs exposed to HG. Furthermore, FGF21 suppressed phosphorylation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) via FGFR1, which regulated NLRP3 inflammasome through ASC phosphorylation and oligomerization. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that potential protection of FGF21 on VSMCs proliferation and migration was associated with inhibition of FGFR1/Syk/NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in the improvement of neointima hyperplasia in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Qiu K, Zhang X, Wang L, Jiao N, Xu D, Yin J. Protein Expression Landscape Defines the Differentiation Potential Specificity of Adipogenic and Myogenic Precursors in the Skeletal Muscle. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:3853-3865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qiu
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition & Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition & Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liqi Wang
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition & Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition & Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Doudou Xu
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition & Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingdong Yin
- State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition & Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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7
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Peterson SM, Turner JE, Harrington A, Davis-Knowlton J, Lindner V, Gridley T, Vary CPH, Liaw L. Notch2 and Proteomic Signatures in Mouse Neointimal Lesion Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1576-1593. [PMID: 29853569 PMCID: PMC6023756 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Vascular remodeling is associated with complex molecular changes, including increased Notch2, which promotes quiescence in human smooth muscle cells. We used unbiased protein profiling to understand molecular signatures related to neointimal lesion formation in the presence or absence of Notch2 and to test the hypothesis that loss of Notch2 would increase neointimal lesion formation because of a hyperproliferative injury response. Approach and Results— Murine carotid arteries isolated at 6 or 14 days after ligation injury were analyzed by mass spectrometry using a data-independent acquisition strategy in comparison to uninjured or sham injured arteries. We used a tamoxifen-inducible, cell-specific Cre recombinase strain to delete the Notch2 gene in smooth muscle cells. Vessel morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to characterize lesion formation, assess vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and validate proteomic findings. Loss of Notch2 in smooth muscle cells leads to protein profile changes in the vessel wall during remodeling but does not alter overall lesion morphology or cell proliferation. Loss of smooth muscle Notch2 also decreases the expression of enhancer of rudimentary homolog, plectin, and annexin A2 in vascular remodeling. Conclusions— We identified unique protein signatures that represent temporal changes in the vessel wall during neointimal lesion formation in the presence and absence of Notch2. Overall lesion formation was not affected with loss of smooth muscle Notch2, suggesting compensatory pathways. We also validated the regulation of known injury- or Notch-related targets identified in other vascular contexts, providing additional insight into conserved pathways involved in vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Peterson
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Jacqueline E Turner
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Anne Harrington
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Jessica Davis-Knowlton
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Thomas Gridley
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
| | - Lucy Liaw
- From the Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (S.M.P., J.E.T., A.H., J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.) .,University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono (S.M.P., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.).,Tufts Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA (J.D.-K., V.L., T.G., C.P.H.V., L.L.)
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Molinie N, Gautreau A. The Arp2/3 Regulatory System and Its Deregulation in Cancer. Physiol Rev 2017; 98:215-238. [PMID: 29212790 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00006.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arp2/3 complex is an evolutionary conserved molecular machine that generates branched actin networks. When activated, the Arp2/3 complex contributes the actin branched junction and thus cross-links the polymerizing actin filaments in a network that exerts a pushing force. The different activators initiate branched actin networks at the cytosolic surface of different cellular membranes to promote their protrusion, movement, or scission in cell migration and membrane traffic. Here we review the structure, function, and regulation of all the direct regulators of the Arp2/3 complex that induce or inhibit the initiation of a branched actin network and that controls the stability of its branched junctions. Our goal is to present recent findings concerning novel inhibitory proteins or the regulation of the actin branched junction and place these in the context of what was previously known to provide a global overview of how the Arp2/3 complex is regulated in human cells. We focus on the human set of Arp2/3 regulators to compare normal Arp2/3 regulation in untransformed cells to the deregulation of the Arp2/3 system observed in patients affected by various cancers. In many cases, these deregulations promote cancer progression and have a direct impact on patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Molinie
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Alexis Gautreau
- Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 7654, Palaiseau, France; and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Life Sciences Center, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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9
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Eckstein M, Rea M, Fondufe-Mittendorf YN. Transient and permanent changes in DNA methylation patterns in inorganic arsenic-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:6-17. [PMID: 28336213 PMCID: PMC5747965 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low dose inorganic arsenic exposure causes cells to take on an epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotype, which is a crucial process in carcinogenesis. Inorganic arsenic is not a mutagen and thus epigenetic alterations have been implicated in this process. Indeed, during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, morphologic changes to cells correlate with changes in chromatin structure and gene expression, ultimately driving this process. However, studies on the effects of inorganic arsenic exposure/withdrawal on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the impact of epigenetic alterations in this process are limited. In this study we used high-resolution microarray analysis to measure the changes in DNA methylation in cells undergoing inorganic arsenic-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and on the reversal of this process, after removal of the inorganic arsenic exposure. We found that cells exposed to chronic, low-dose inorganic arsenic exposure showed 30,530 sites were differentially methylated, and with inorganic arsenic withdrawal several differential methylated sites were reversed, albeit not completely. Furthermore, these changes in DNA methylation mainly correlated with changes in gene expression at most sites tested but not at all. This study suggests that DNA methylation changes on gene expression are not clear-cut and provide a platform to begin to uncover the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression, specifically within the context of inorganic arsenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Eckstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Matthew Rea
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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10
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The atheroma plaque secretome stimulates the mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells ex vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 105:12-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of enzymes is expressed in many tissues that are involved in hypertension, including blood vessels, kidney, and brain. In these tissues, the products of NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide and ultimately hydrogen peroxide, act as intracellular and extracellular messengers during compartmentalized cellular signaling. The correct measurement of Nox activity and its products is crucial to enable studies of how these signaling pathways affect the molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension. Here, we describe methods for detection and measurement of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide derived from NADPH oxidases in biological samples such as cells and tissues.
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12
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Singla S, Zhou T, Javaid K, Abbasi T, Casanova N, Zhang W, Ma SF, Wade MS, Noth I, Sweiss NJ, Garcia JGN, Machado RF. Expression profiling elucidates a molecular gene signature for pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:465-471. [PMID: 28090288 PMCID: PMC5210052 DOI: 10.1086/688316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), when it complicates sarcoidosis, carries a poor prognosis, in part because it is difficult to detect early in patients with worsening respiratory symptoms. Pathogenesis of sarcoidosis occurs via incompletely characterized mechanisms that are distinct from the mechanisms of pulmonary vascular remodeling well known to occur in conjunction with other chronic lung diseases. To address the need for a biomarker to aid in early detection as well as the gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms of PH in sarcoidosis, we used genome-wide peripheral blood gene expression analysis and identified an 18-gene signature capable of distinguishing sarcoidosis patients with PH (n = 8), sarcoidosis patients without PH (n = 17), and healthy controls (n = 45). The discriminative accuracy of this 18-gene signature was 100% in separating sarcoidosis patients with PH from those without it. If validated in a large replicate cohort, this signature could potentially be used as a diagnostic molecular biomarker for sarcoidosis-associated PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Kamran Javaid
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Taimur Abbasi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nancy Casanova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shwu-Fan Ma
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael S. Wade
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Imre Noth
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadera J. Sweiss
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joe G. N. Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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13
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Kim GY, Park JH, Kim H, Lim HJ, Park HY. Coronin 1B serine 2 phosphorylation by p38α is critical for vascular endothelial growth factor-induced migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1817-1825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Di Marco E, Gray SP, Kennedy K, Szyndralewiez C, Lyle AN, Lassègue B, Griendling KK, Cooper ME, Schmidt HHHW, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species limit fibrosis and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in diabetic atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 97:556-567. [PMID: 27445103 PMCID: PMC5446082 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and fibrosis contribute to the development of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Oxidative stress caused by increased production or unphysiological location of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a known major pathomechanism. However, in atherosclerosis, in particular under hyperglycaemic/diabetic conditions, the hydrogen peroxide-producing NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX4) is protective. Here we aim to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this paradoxical atheroprotection of vascular smooth muscle NOX4 under conditions of normo- and hyperglycaemia both in vivo and ex vivo. Following 20-weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Apoe(-/-) mice showed a reduction in SM-alpha-actin and calponin gene expression with concomitant increases in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), osteopontin (OPN) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin when compared to non-diabetic controls. Genetic deletion of Nox4 (Nox4(-/)(-)Apoe(-/-)) exacerbated diabetes-induced expression of PDGF, OPN, collagen I, and proliferation marker Ki67. Aortic SMCs isolated from NOX4-deficient mice exhibited a dedifferentiated phenotype including loss of contractile gene expression, increased proliferation and ECM production as well as elevated levels of NOX1-associated ROS. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated PDGF signalling in NOX4-deficient SMCs mediated the loss of calponin and increase in fibronectin, while the upregulation of NOX1 was associated with the increased expression of OPN and markers of proliferation. These findings demonstrate that NOX4 actively regulates SMC pathophysiological responses in diabetic Apoe(-/-) mice and in primary mouse SMCs through the activities of PDGF and NOX1.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology
- NADPH Oxidase 1/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Di Marco
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen P Gray
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kit Kennedy
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alicia N Lyle
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology & Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Diabetic Complications Division, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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15
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Heiss EH, Schachner D, Donati M, Grojer CS, Dirsch VM. Increased aerobic glycolysis is important for the motility of activated VSMC and inhibited by indirubin-3'-monoxime. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 83:47-56. [PMID: 27185663 PMCID: PMC4939873 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased aerobic glycolysis is a recognized feature of multiple cellular phenotypes and offers a potential point for drug interference, as pursued by anti-tumor agents targeting the Warburg effect. This study aimed at examining the role of aerobic glycolysis for migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and its susceptibility to the small molecule indirubin-3′-monoxime (I3MO). Activation of VSMC with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) resulted in migration and increased glycolytic activity which was accompanied by an increased glucose uptake and hexokinase (HK) 2 expression. Inhibition of glycolysis or hexokinase by pharmacological agents or siRNA-mediated knockdown significantly reduced the migratory behavior in VSMC without affecting cell viability or early actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. I3MO, previously recognized as inhibitor of VSMC migration, was able to counteract the PDGF-activated increase in glycolysis and HK2 abundance. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 could be identified as crucial event in upregulation of HK2 and glycolytic activity in PDGF-stimulated VSMC and as point of interference for I3MO. I3MO did not inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)1α-dependent transcription nor influence miRNA 143 levels, other potential regulators of HK2 levels. Overall, we demonstrate that increased aerobic glycolysis is an important factor for the motility of activated VSMC and that the anti-migratory property of I3MO may partly depend on impairment of glycolysis via a compromised STAT3/HK2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Daniel Schachner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maddalena Donati
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Christoph S Grojer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Carson CC, Moschos SJ, Edmiston SN, Darr DB, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Groben PA, Zhou X, Kuan PF, Pandey S, Chan KT, Jordan JL, Hao H, Frank JS, Hopkinson DA, Gibbs DC, Alldredge VD, Parrish E, Hanna SC, Berkowitz P, Rubenstein DS, Miller CR, Bear JE, Ollila DW, Sharpless NE, Conway K, Thomas NE. IL2 Inducible T-cell Kinase, a Novel Therapeutic Target in Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 21:2167-76. [PMID: 25934889 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE IL2 inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) promoter CpG sites are hypomethylated in melanomas compared with nevi. The expression of ITK in melanomas, however, has not been established and requires elucidation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An ITK-specific monoclonal antibody was used to probe sections from deidentified, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor blocks or cell line arrays and ITK was visualized by IHC. Levels of ITK protein differed among melanoma cell lines and representative lines were transduced with four different lentiviral constructs that each contained an shRNA designed to knockdown ITK mRNA levels. The effects of the selective ITK inhibitor BI 10N on cell lines and mouse models were also determined. RESULTS ITK protein expression increased with nevus to metastatic melanoma progression. In melanoma cell lines, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of ITK decreased proliferation and migration and increased the percentage of cells in the G0-G1 phase. Treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with BI 10N reduced growth of ITK-expressing xenografts or established autochthonous (Tyr-Cre/Pten(null)/Braf(V600E)) melanomas. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ITK, formerly considered an immune cell-specific protein, is aberrantly expressed in melanoma and promotes tumor development and progression. Our finding that ITK is aberrantly expressed in most metastatic melanomas suggests that inhibitors of ITK may be efficacious for melanoma treatment. The efficacy of a small-molecule ITK inhibitor in the Tyr-Cre/Pten(null)/Braf(V600E) mouse melanoma model supports this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Carson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stergios J Moschos
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sharon N Edmiston
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David B Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Pamela A Groben
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pei Fen Kuan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Shaily Pandey
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keefe T Chan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jamie L Jordan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Honglin Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jill S Frank
- Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dennis A Hopkinson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David C Gibbs
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Virginia D Alldredge
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eloise Parrish
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sara C Hanna
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paula Berkowitz
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David S Rubenstein
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Neurology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James E Bear
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David W Ollila
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kathleen Conway
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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17
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Rastetter RH, Blömacher M, Drebber U, Marko M, Behrens J, Solga R, Hojeili S, Bhattacharya K, Wunderlich CM, Wunderlich FT, Odenthal M, Ziemann A, Eichinger L, Clemen CS. Coronin 2A (CRN5) expression is associated with colorectal adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence and oncogenic signalling. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:638. [PMID: 26373535 PMCID: PMC4612562 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronin proteins are known as regulators of actin-based cellular processes, and some of them are associated with the malignant progression of human cancer. Here, we show that expression of coronin 2A is up-regulated in human colon carcinoma. METHODS This study included 26 human colon tumour specimens and 9 normal controls. Expression and localisation of coronin 2A was studied by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence imaging, cell fractionation, and immunoblotting. Functional roles of coronin 2A were analysed by over-expression and knock-down of the protein. Protein interactions were studied by co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments, mass spectrometry analyses, and in vitro kinase and methylation assays. RESULTS Histopathological investigation revealed that the expression of coronin 2A in colon tumour cells is up-regulated during the adenoma-adenocarcinoma progression. At the subcellular level, coronin 2A localised to multiple compartments, i.e. F-actin stress fibres, the front of lamellipodia, focal adhesions, and the nuclei. Over-expression of coronin 2A led to a reduction of F-actin stress fibres and elevated cell migration velocity. We identified two novel direct coronin 2A interaction partners. The interaction of coronin 2A with MAPK14 (mitogen activated protein kinase 14 or MAP kinase p38α) led to phosphorylation of coronin 2A and also to activation of the MAPK14 pathway. Moreover, coronin 2A interacted with PRMT5 (protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5), which modulates the sensitivity of tumour cells to TRAIL-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS We show that increased expression of coronin 2A is associated with the malignant phenotype of human colon carcinoma. Moreover, we linked coronin 2A to MAPK14 and PRMT5 signalling pathways involved in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael H Rastetter
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Present address: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Margit Blömacher
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Uta Drebber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marija Marko
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Behrens
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roxana Solga
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Hojeili
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kurchi Bhattacharya
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Ziemann
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Eichinger
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph S Clemen
- Center for Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Street 52, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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18
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Fiorcari S, Martinelli S, Bulgarelli J, Audrito V, Zucchini P, Colaci E, Potenza L, Narni F, Luppi M, Deaglio S, Marasca R, Maffei R. Lenalidomide interferes with tumor-promoting properties of nurse-like cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 100:253-62. [PMID: 25398834 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.113217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent clinically active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. The specific mechanism of action is still undefined, but includes modulation of the microenvironment. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, nurse-like cells differentiate from CD14(+) mononuclear cells and protect chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from apoptosis. Nurse-like cells resemble M2 macrophages with potent immunosuppressive functions. Here, we examined the effect of lenalidomide on the monocyte/macrophage population in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. We found that lenalidomide induces high actin polymerization on CD14(+) monocytes through activation of small GTPases, RhoA, Rac1 and Rap1 that correlated with increased adhesion and impaired monocyte migration in response to CCL2, CCL3 and CXCL12. We observed that lenalidomide increases the number of nurse-like cells that lost the ability to nurture chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, acquired properties of phagocytosis and promoted T-cell proliferation. Gene expression signature, induced by lenalidomide in nurse-like cells, indicated a reduction of pivotal pro-survival signals for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, such as CCL2, IGF1, CXCL12, HGF1, and supported a modulation towards M1 phenotype with high IL2 and low IL10, IL8 and CD163. Our data provide new insights into the mechanism of action of lenalidomide that mediates a pro-inflammatory switch of nurse-like cells affecting the protective microenvironment generated by chronic lymphocytic leukemia into tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fiorcari
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jenny Bulgarelli
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Human Genetics Foundation, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zucchini
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Colaci
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Potenza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Narni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and Human Genetics Foundation, Italy
| | - Roberto Marasca
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Rossana Maffei
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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19
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Steering cell migration: lamellipodium dynamics and the regulation of directional persistence. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:577-90. [PMID: 25145849 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane protrusions at the leading edge of cells, known as lamellipodia, drive cell migration in many normal and pathological situations. Lamellipodial protrusion is powered by actin polymerization, which is mediated by the actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP2/3)-induced nucleation of branched actin networks and the elongation of actin filaments. Recently, advances have been made in our understanding of positive and negative ARP2/3 regulators (such as the SCAR/WAVE (SCAR/WASP family verprolin-homologous protein) complex and Arpin, respectively) and of proteins that control actin branch stability (such as glial maturation factor (GMF)) or actin filament elongation (such as ENA/VASP proteins) in lamellipodium dynamics and cell migration. This Review highlights how the balance between actin filament branching and elongation, and between the positive and negative feedback loops that regulate these activities, determines lamellipodial persistence. Importantly, directional persistence, which results from lamellipodial persistence, emerges as a critical factor in steering cell migration.
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20
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Zaina S, Heyn H, Carmona FJ, Varol N, Sayols S, Condom E, Ramírez-Ruz J, Gomez A, Gonçalves I, Moran S, Esteller M. DNA methylation map of human atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:692-700. [PMID: 25091541 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic alterations may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. In particular, DNA methylation, a reversible and highly regulated DNA modification, could influence disease onset and progression because it functions as an effector for environmental influences, including diet and lifestyle, both of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS To address the role of DNA methylation changes in atherosclerosis, we compared a donor-matched healthy and atherosclerotic human aorta sample using whole-genome shotgun bisulfite sequencing. We observed that the atherosclerotic portion of the aorta was hypermethylated across many genomic loci in comparison with the matched healthy counterpart. Furthermore, we defined specific loci of differential DNA methylation using a set of donor-matched aortic samples and a high-density (>450 000 CpG sites) DNA methylation microarray. The functional importance in the disease was corroborated by crossing the DNA methylation signature with the corresponding expression data of the same samples. Among the differentially methylated CpGs associated with atherosclerosis onset, we identified genes participating in endothelial and smooth muscle functions. These findings provide new clues toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify an atherosclerosis-specific DNA methylation profile that highlights the contribution of different genes and pathways to the disorder. Interestingly, the observed gain of DNA methylation in the atherosclerotic lesions justifies efforts to develop DNA demethylating agents for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Zaina
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.).
| | - Holger Heyn
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - F Javier Carmona
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Nuray Varol
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Sergi Sayols
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Enric Condom
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - José Ramírez-Ruz
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Antonio Gomez
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Sebastian Moran
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Manel Esteller
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico (S.Z.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain (H.H., F.J.C., N.V., S.S., A.G., S.M., M.E.); Department of Pathology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) (E.C.), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics (E.C.), Department of Anatomy and Pathology, Hospital Clinic (J.R.-R.), Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine (M.E.), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.).
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The atypical mechanosensitive microRNA-712 derived from pre-ribosomal RNA induces endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2014; 4:3000. [PMID: 24346612 PMCID: PMC3923891 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate cardiovascular biology and disease, but the role of flow-sensitive microRNAs in atherosclerosis is still unclear. Here we identify miRNA-712 (miR-712) as a mechanosensitive miRNA upregulated by disturbed flow (d-flow) in endothelial cells, in vitro and in vivo. We also show that miR-712 is derived from an unexpected source, pre-ribosomal RNA, in an exoribonuclease-dependent but DiGeorge Syndrome Critical Region-8 (DGCR8)-independent manner, suggesting that it is an atypical miRNA. Mechanistically, d-flow-induced miR-712 downregulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) expression, which in turn activates the downstream matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) and stimulate pro-atherogenic responses, endothelial inflammation and permeability. Furthermore, silencing miR-712 by anti-miR-712 rescues TIMP3 expression and prevents atherosclerosis in murine models of atherosclerosis. Finally, we report that human miR-205 shares the same “seed sequence” as murine-specific miR-712, and also targets TIMP3 in a flow-dependent manner. Targeting these mechanosensitive “athero-miRs” may provide a new treatment paradigm in atherosclerosis.
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Usatyuk PV, Burns M, Mohan V, Pendyala S, He D, Ebenezer DL, Harijith A, Fu P, Huang LS, Bear JE, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V. Coronin 1B regulates S1P-induced human lung endothelial cell chemotaxis: role of PLD2, protein kinase C and Rac1 signal transduction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63007. [PMID: 23667561 PMCID: PMC3648575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronins are a highly conserved family of actin binding proteins that regulate actin-dependent processes such as cell motility and endocytosis. We found that treatment of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) with the bioactive lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) rapidly stimulates coronin 1B translocation to lamellipodia at the cell leading edge, which is required for S1P-induced chemotaxis. Further, S1P-induced chemotaxis of HPAECs was attenuated by pretreatment with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting coronin 1B (∼36%), PLD2 (∼45%) or Rac1 (∼50%) compared to scrambled siRNA controls. Down regulation PLD2 expression by siRNA also attenuated S1P-induced coronin 1B translocation to the leading edge of the cell periphery while PLD1 silencing had no effect. Also, S1P-induced coronin 1B redistribution to cell periphery and chemotaxis was attenuated by inhibition of Rac1 and over-expression of dominant negative PKC δ, ε and ζ isoforms in HPAECs. These results demonstrate that S1P activation of PLD2, PKC and Rac1 is part of the signaling cascade that regulates coronin 1B translocation to the cell periphery and the ensuing cell chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Usatyuk
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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