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Lin J, Chen X, Li Y, Yu L, Chen Y, Zhang B. A dual-targeting therapeutic nanobubble for imaging-guided atherosclerosis treatment. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101037. [PMID: 38586870 PMCID: PMC10995877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that seriously endangers human health. Low shear stress (LSS) is recognized as a vital factor in causing chronic inflammatory and further inducing the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Targeting imaging and treatment are of substantial significance for the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis. On this ground, a kind of ultrasound (US) imaging-guided therapeutic polymer nanobubbles (NBs) with dual targeting of magnetism and antibody was rationally designed and constructed for the efficiently treating LSS-mediated atherosclerosis. Under the combined targeting effect of an external magnetic field and antibodies, the drug-loaded therapeutic NBs can be effectively accumulated in the inflammatory area caused by LSS. Upon US irradiation, the NBs can be selectively disrupted, leading to the rapid release of the loaded drugs at the targeted site. Notably, the US irradiation generates a cavitation effect that induces repairable micro gaps in nearby cells, thereby enhancing the uptake of released drugs and further improving the therapeutic effect. The prominent US imaging, efficient anti-inflammatory effect and treatment outcome of LSS-mediated atherosclerosis had been verified in vivo on a surgically constructed LSS-atherosclerosis animal model. This work showcased the potential of the designed NBs with multifunctionality for in vivo imaging, dual-targeting, and drug delivery in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Luodan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Materdicine, Shanghai, 200051, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
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Li D, Liu D, Wang Y, Sun Q, Sun R, Zhang J, Hong X, Huo R, Zhang S, Cui C. Multifunctional liposomes Co-encapsulating epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and miRNA for atherosclerosis lesion elimination. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 6:221-232. [PMID: 38125586 PMCID: PMC10729916 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00369h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by a lipid accumulated plaque. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation and lipid metabolism promoting therapeutic strategies have been applied for atherosclerosis treatment. However, the therapeutic effect of a single therapeutic method is limited. It is suggested that a combination of these two strategies could help prevent lipid accumulation caused by inflammation and oxidative stress, and also promote lipid efflux from atherosclerotic plaque, to normalize arteries to the maximum extent. Hence, a strategy involving a multifunctional liposome co-encapsulating an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and a lipid-efflux-promoting gene miR-223 was established. The system (lip@EGCG/miR-223) could encapsulate miR-223 in core areas of the liposomes to provide a protective effect for gene drugs. Moreover, lip@EGCG/miR-223 was smaller in size (91.28 ± 2.28 nm characterized by DLS), making it easier to target AS lesions, which have smaller vascular endothelial spaces. After being efficiently internalized into the cells, lip@EGCG/miR-223 exhibited excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro by eliminating overproduced ROS and decreasing the level of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1), which was due to the effect of EGCG. Besides, the lipid-efflux-promoting protein ABCA1 was upregulated when treated with lip@EGCG/miR-223. Through the two therapies mentioned, lip@EGCG/miR-223 could effectively inhibit the formation of foam cells, which are a main component of atherosclerotic plaques. In AS model mice, after intravenous (i.v.) administration, lip@EGCG/miR-223 was effectively accumulated in atherosclerotic plaques, and the distribution of drugs in the heart and aorta compared to that in the kidney was significantly increased when compared with free drugs (the ratio was 6.27% for the free miR-223-treated group, which increased to 66.10% for the lip@EGCG/miR-223-treated group). By decreasing the inflammation level and lipid accumulation, the arterial vessels in AS were normalized, with less macrophages and micro-angiogenesis, when treated with lip@EGCG/miR-223. Overall, this study demonstrated that lip@EGCG/miR-223 could be developed as a potential system for atherosclerosis treatment by a combined treatment of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-efflux-promoting effects, which provides a novel strategy for the safe and efficient management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
| | - Chunying Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Capital Medical University No. 10 Youanmenwai Street, Fengtai Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China +86-10-8391-1673 +86-10-8391-1668
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs Beijing 10069 People's Republic of China
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Kizhisseri M, Gharaie S, Boopathy SR, Lim RP, Mohammadzadeh M, Schluter J. Differential sensitivities to blood pressure variations in internal carotid and intracranial arteries: a numerical approach to stroke prediction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22319. [PMID: 38102319 PMCID: PMC10724219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a global health concern, necessitating early prediction for effective management. Atherosclerosis-induced internal carotid and intra cranial stenosis contributes significantly to stroke risk. This study explores the relationship between blood pressure and stroke prediction, focusing on internal carotid artery (ICA) branches: middle cerebral artery (MCA), anterior cerebral artery (ACA), and their role in hemodynamics. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) informed by the Windkessel model were employed to simulate patient-specific ICA models with introduced stenosis. Central to our investigation is the impact of stenosis on blood pressure, flow velocity, and flow rate across these branches, incorporating Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) analysis. Results highlight differential sensitivities to blood pressure variations, with M1 branch showing high sensitivity, ACA moderate, and M2 minimal. Comparing blood pressure fluctuations between ICA and MCA revealed heightened sensitivity to potential reverse flow compared to ICA and ACA comparisons, emphasizing MCA's role. Blood flow adjustments due to stenosis demonstrated intricate compensatory mechanisms. FFR emerged as a robust predictor of stenosis severity, particularly in the M2 branch. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive insights into hemodynamic complexities within major intracranial arteries, elucidating the significance of blood pressure variations, flow attributes, and FFR in stenosis contexts. Subject-specific data integration enhances model reliability, aiding stroke risk assessment and advancing cerebrovascular disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhsin Kizhisseri
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Saleh Gharaie
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Jorg Schluter
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
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Mao Y, Ren J, Yang L. Advances of nanomedicine in treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116637. [PMID: 37482129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease. Myocardial ischemia originated from AS is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases, one of the major factors contributing to the global disease burden. AS is typically quiescent until occurrence of plaque rupture and thrombosis, leading to acute coronary syndrome and sudden death. Currently, clinical diagnostic techniques suffer from major pitfalls including lack of accuracy and specificity, which makes it rather difficult for drugs to directly target plaques to achieve therapeutic effect. Therefore, how to accurately diagnose and effectively intervene vulnerable AS plaques to achieve accurate delivery of drugs has become an urgent and evolving clinical problem. With the rapid development of nanomedicine and nanomaterials, nanotechnology has shown unique advantages in monitoring vulnerable plaques and thrombus and improving drug efficacy. Recent studies have shown that application of nanoparticle drug delivery system can booster the safety and effectiveness of drug therapy, and molecular imaging technology and nanomedicine also exhibit high clinical application potentials in disease diagnosis. Therefore, nanotechnology provides another promising avenue for diagnosis and treatment of AS and thrombosis, and has shown excellent performance in the development of targeted drug therapy and biomaterials. In this review, the research progress, challenges and prospects of nanotechnology in AS and thrombosis are discussed, expecting to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of AS and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children Hospital, Xi'an, China.
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Alluri SR, Higashi Y, Berendzen A, Grisanti LA, Watkinson LD, Singh K, Hoffman TJ, Carmack T, Devanny EA, Tanner M, Kil KE. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel fluorine-18 labeled small-molecule PET radiotracer for imaging of CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 37438543 PMCID: PMC10338423 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor and is expressed in innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the recruitment of T-lymphocytes and other immune cells to the inflammatory site in response to the binding of cognate chemokines. Upregulation of CXCR3 and its chemokines has been found during atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore, detection of CXCR3 by positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer can be a useful tool for detecting the development of atherosclerosis in a noninvasive manner. Herein, we report the synthesis, radiosynthesis, and characterization of a novel fluorine-18 (F-18, 18F) labeled small-molecule radiotracer for the imaging of the CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. RESULTS The reference standard 1 and its precursor 9 were synthesized over 5 steps from starting materials in good to moderate yields. The measured Ki values of CXCR3A and CXCR3B were 0.81 ± 0.02 nM and 0.31 ± 0.02 nM, respectively. [18F]1 was prepared by a two-step radiosynthesis with a decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 13 ± 2%, radiochemical purity > 99%, and specific activity of 44.4 ± 3.7 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (n = 6). The baseline studies showed that [18F]1 displayed high uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta and brown adipose tissue in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice fed with a high-fat diet over 12 weeks. The uptake of [18F]1 in these regions was reduced significantly in self-blocking studies, demonstrating CXCR3 binding specificity. Contrary to this, no significant differences in uptake of [18F]1 in the abdominal aorta of C57BL/6 control mice fed with a normal diet were observed in both baseline and blocking studies, indicating increased CXCR3 expression in atherosclerotic lesions. Immunohistochemistry studies demonstrated that [18F]1-positive regions were correlated with CXCR3 expression, but some atherosclerotic plaques with significant size were not detected by [18F]1, and their CXCR3 expressions were minimal. CONCLUSION [18F]1 was synthesized with good radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. In PET imaging studies, [18F]1 displayed CXCR3-specific uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta in ApoE KO mice. [18F]1 visualized CXCR3 expression in different regions in mice aligned with the tissue histology studies. Taken together, [18F]1 is a potential PET radiotracer for imaging CXCR3 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R Alluri
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, 1513 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ashley Berendzen
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lisa D Watkinson
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Kamlendra Singh
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Timothy J Hoffman
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Terry Carmack
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Devanny
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Miles Tanner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kun-Eek Kil
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, 1513 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Dash R, Yadav M, Biswal J, Chandra A, Kumar Goel V, Sharma T, Ketan Prusty S, Mohapatra S. Modeling of Chitosan modified PLGA atorvastatin-curcumin conjugate (AT-CU) nanoparticles, overcoming the barriers associated with PLGA: an approach for better management of atherosclerosis. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123009. [PMID: 37142139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Conjugate drugs are evolving into potent techniques in the drug development process for enhancing the biopharmaceutical, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties. Atorvastatin (AT) is the first line of treatment for coronary atherosclerosis; however its therapeutic efficacy is limited because of its poor solubility and fast pass metabolism. Curcumin (CU) is evidenced in several crucial signaling pathways linked to lipid regulation and inflammation. To enhance the therapeutic efficacy and physical properties of AT and CU, a new conjugate derivative (AT-CU) was synthesized and assessed by in silico, in vitro characterizations, and in vivo efficacy through mice model. Although the biocompatibility and biodegradability of Polylactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) in nanoparticles are well documented, burst release is a common issue with this polymer. Hence the current work used chitosan as a drug release modifier to the PLGA nanoparticles. The chitosan-modified PLGA AT-CU nanoparticles were prepaid by single emulsion and solvent evaporation technique. With raising the concentration of chitosan the particle size grew from 139.2 nm to 197.7 nm, the zeta potential rose from -20.57 mV to 28.32 mV, and the drug encapsulation efficiency improved from 71.81 % to 90.57 %. At 18 hours, the burst release of AT-CU from PLGA nanoparticles was seen, hitting abruptly 70.8%. For chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles, the burst release pattern was significantly reduced which could be due to the adsorption of the drug on the surface of chitosan. The efficiency of the ideal formulation i.e F4 (chitosan/PLGA= 0.4) in treating atherosclerosis was further strongly evidenced by in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmita Dash
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Madhulika Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotirmaya Biswal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Anshuman Chandra
- School of Physical Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Goel
- School of Physical Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Shakti Ketan Prusty
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sujata Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India.
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Alluri SR, Higashi Y, Berendzen A, Grisanti LA, Watkinson LD, Singh K, Hoffman TJ, Carmack T, Devanny EA, Tanner M, Kil KE. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of a novel fluorine-18 labeled small-molecule PET radiotracer for imaging of CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2539952. [PMID: 36865232 PMCID: PMC9980197 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2539952/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: CXCR3 is a chemokine receptor and is expressed on innate and adaptive immune cells. It promotes the recruitment of T-lymphocytes and other immune cells to the inflammatory site in response to the binding of cognate chemokines. Upregulation of CXCR3 and its chemokines has been found during atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore, the detection of CXCR3 by positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer may be a useful tool to detect atherosclerosis development noninvasively. Herein, we report the synthesis, radiosynthesis, and characterization of a novel fluorine-18 (F-18, 18 F) labeled small-molecule radiotracer for the imaging of the CXCR3 receptor in mouse models of atherosclerosis. Methods: The reference standard ( S )-2-(5-chloro-6-(4-(1-(4-chloro-2-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl)-3-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( 1 ) and its corresponding precursor 9 were synthesized using organic syntheses. The radiotracer [ 18 F] 1 was prepared in one-pot, two-step synthesis via aromatic 18 F-substitution followed by reductive amination. Cell binding assays were conducted using 1 , [ 125 I]CXCL10, and CXCR3A- and CXCR3B-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Dynamic PET imaging studies over 90 min were performed on C57BL/6 and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice that were subjected to a normal and high-fat diet for 12 weeks, respectively. Blocking studies were conducted with preadministration of the hydrochloride salt of 1 (5 mg/kg) to assess the binding specificity. Time-activity curves (TACs) for [ 18 F] 1 in both mice were used to extract standard uptake values (SUVs). Biodistribution studies were performed on C57BL/6 mice, and the distribution of CXCR3 in the abdominal aorta of ApoE KO mice was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: The reference standard 1 and its precursor 9 were synthesized over 5 steps from starting materials in good to moderate yields. The measured K i values of CXCR3A and CXCR3B were 0.81 ± 0.02 nM and 0.31 ± 0.02 nM, respectively. [ 18 F] 1 was prepared with decay-corrected radiochemical yield (RCY) of 13 ± 2%, radiochemical purity (RCP) >99%, and specific activity of 44.4 ± 3.7 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (EOS) ( n =6). The baseline studies showed that [ 18 F] 1 displayed high uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in ApoE KO mice. The uptake of [ 18 F] 1 in these regions was reduced significantly in self-blocking studies, demonstrating CXCR3 binding specificity. Contrary to this, no significant differences in uptake of [ 18 F] 1 in the abdominal aorta of C57BL/6 mice were observed in both baseline and blocking studies, indicating increased CXCR3 expression in atherosclerotic lesions. IHC studies demonstrated that [ 18 F] 1 -positive regions were correlated with CXCR3 expression, but some atherosclerotic plaques with significant size were not detected by [ 18 F] 1 , and their CXCR3 expressions were minimal. Conclusion: The novel radiotracer, [ 18 F] 1 was synthesized with good RCY and high RCP. In PET imaging studies, [ 18 F] 1 displayed CXCR3-specific uptake in the atherosclerotic aorta in ApoE KO mice. [ 18 F] 1 visualized CXCR3 expression in different regions in mice is in line with the tissue histology studies. Taken together, [ 18 F] 1 is a potential PET radiotracer for the imaging of CXCR3 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Carmack
- Truman VA: Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital
| | | | - Miles Tanner
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine
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Wang X, Sun Z, Yuan R, Zhang W, Shen Y, Yin A, Li Y, Ji Q, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang M, Pan X, Shen L, He B. K-80003 Inhibition of Macrophage Apoptosis and Necrotic Core Development in Atherosclerotic Vulnerable Plaques. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:1061-1073. [PMID: 34410548 PMCID: PMC9652240 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macrophage apoptosis coupled with a defective phagocytic clearance of the apoptotic cells promotes plaque necrosis in advanced atherosclerosis, which causes acute atherothrombotic vascular disease. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac derivative K-80003 treatment was previously reported to dramatically attenuate atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the role of K-80003 on macrophage apoptosis and elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS The mouse model of vulnerable carotid plaque in ApoE-/- mice was developed in vivo. Consequently, mice were randomly grouped into two study groups: the control group and the K-80003 group (30 mg/kg/day). Samples of carotid arteries were collected to determine atherosclerotic necrotic core area, cellular apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The effects of K-80003 on RAW264.7 macrophage apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagic flux were also examined in vitro. RESULTS K-80003 significantly suppressed necrotic core formation and inhibited cellular apoptosis of vulnerable plaques. K-80003 can also inhibit 7-ketocholesterol-induced macrophage apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, K-80003 inhibited intraplaque cellular apoptosis mainly through the suppression of oxidative stress, which is a key cause of advanced lesional macrophage apoptosis. Mechanistically, K-80003 prevented 7-ketocholesterol-induced impairment of autophagic flux in macrophages, evidenced by the decreased LC3II and SQSTM1/p62 expression, GFP-RFP-LC3 cancellation upon K-80003 treatment. CONCLUSION Inhibition of macrophage apoptosis and necrotic core formation by autophagy-mediated reduction of oxidative stress is one mechanism of the suppression of plaque progression and destabilization by K-80003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruosen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yejiao Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Anwen Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqi Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Xuhui Distinct, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, China
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9
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Biswas D, Roy S, Vasudevan S. Biomedical Application of Photoacoustics: A Plethora of Opportunities. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1900. [PMID: 36363921 PMCID: PMC9692656 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The photoacoustic (PA) technique is a non-invasive, non-ionizing hybrid technique that exploits laser irradiation for sample excitation and acquires an ultrasound signal generated due to thermoelastic expansion of the sample. Being a hybrid technique, PA possesses the inherent advantages of conventional optical (high resolution) and ultrasonic (high depth of penetration in biological tissue) techniques and eliminates some of the major limitations of these conventional techniques. Hence, PA has been employed for different biomedical applications. In this review, we first discuss the basic physics of PA. Then, we discuss different aspects of PA techniques, which includes PA imaging and also PA frequency spectral analysis. The theory of PA signal generation, detection and analysis is also detailed in this work. Later, we also discuss the major biomedical application area of PA technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Biswas
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, HP, India
| | - Srivathsan Vasudevan
- Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol 453552, MP, India
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10
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Gupta S, Prakash A, Medhi B. Imaging techniques in drug development. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:309-313. [PMID: 36537398 PMCID: PMC9846912 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_533_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Prof. Bikash Medhi, Department of Pharmacology, PGIMER, Chandigarh - 160 012, India. E-mail:
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11
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Meester EJ, Krenning BJ, de Blois E, de Jong M, van der Steen AFW, Bernsen MR, van der Heiden K. Imaging inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques, targeting SST 2 with [ 111In]In-DOTA-JR11. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2506-2513. [PMID: 32026330 PMCID: PMC8709817 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imaging Somatostatin Subtype Receptor 2 (SST2) expressing macrophages by [DOTA,Tyr3]-octreotate (DOTATATE) has proven successful for plaque detection. DOTA-JR11 is a SST2 targeting ligand with a five times higher tumor uptake than DOTATATE, and holds promise to improve plaque imaging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of DOTA-JR11 for plaque detection. METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice (n = 22) fed an atherogenic diet were imaged by SPECT/CT two hours post injection of [111In]In-DOTA-JR11 (~ 200 pmol, ~ 50 MBq). In vivo plaque uptake of [111In]In-DOTA-JR11 was visible in all mice, with a target-to-background-ratio (TBR) of 2.23 ± 0.35. Post-mortem scans after thymectomy and ex vivo scans of the arteries after excision of the arteries confirmed plaque uptake of the radioligand with TBRs of 2.46 ± 0.52 and 3.43 ± 1.45 respectively. Oil red O lipid-staining and ex vivo autoradiography of excised arteries showed [111In]In-DOTA-JR11 uptake at plaque locations. Histological processing showed CD68 (macrophages) and SST2 expressing cells in plaques. SPECT/CT, in vitro autoradiography and immunohistochemistry performed on slices of a human carotid endarterectomy sample showed [111In]In-DOTA-JR11 uptake at plaque locations containing CD68 and SST2 expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate DOTA-JR11 as a promising ligand for visualization of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Meester
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Lu C, Han L, Wang J, Wan J, Song G, Rao J. Engineering of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic particle imaging tracers. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8102-8146. [PMID: 34047311 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has recently emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique because of its signal linearly propotional to the tracer mass, ability to generate positive contrast, low tissue background, unlimited tissue penetration depth, and lack of ionizing radiation. The sensitivity and resolution of MPI are highly dependent on the properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), and extensive research efforts have been focused on the design and synthesis of tracers. This review examines parameters that dictate the performance of MNPs, including size, shape, composition, surface property, crystallinity, the surrounding environment, and aggregation state to provide guidance for engineering MPI tracers with better performance. Finally, we discuss applications of MPI imaging and its challenges and perspectives in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Linbo Han
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P. R. China
| | - Joanna Wang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA.
| | - Jiacheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Guosheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA.
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13
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Guo B, Li Z, Tu P, Tang H, Tu Y. Molecular Imaging and Non-molecular Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Thrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:692915. [PMID: 34291095 PMCID: PMC8286992 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.692915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis in the context of atherosclerosis typically results in life-threatening consequences, including acute coronary events and ischemic stroke. As such, early detection and treatment of thrombosis in atherosclerosis patients is essential. Clinical diagnosis of thrombosis in these patients is typically based upon a combination of imaging approaches. However, conventional imaging modalities primarily focus on assessing the anatomical structure and physiological function, severely constraining their ability to detect early thrombus formation or the processes underlying such pathology. Recently, however, novel molecular and non-molecular imaging strategies have been developed to assess thrombus composition and activity at the molecular and cellular levels more accurately. These approaches have been successfully used to markedly reduce rates of atherothrombotic events in patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by facilitating simultaneous diagnosis and personalized treatment of thrombosis. Moreover, these modalities allow monitoring of plaque condition for preventing plaque rupture and associated adverse cardiovascular events in such patients. Sustained developments in molecular and non-molecular imaging technologies have enabled the increasingly specific and sensitive diagnosis of atherothrombosis in animal studies and clinical settings, making these technologies invaluable to patients' health in the future. In the present review, we discuss current progress regarding the non-molecular and molecular imaging of thrombosis in different animal studies and atherosclerotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoyue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peiyang Tu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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14
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Castro SA, Muser D, Lee H, Hancin EC, Borja AJ, Acosta O, Werner TJ, Thomassen A, Constantinescu C, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Alavi A. Carotid artery molecular calcification assessed by [ 18F]fluoride PET/CT: correlation with cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk factors. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:8050-8059. [PMID: 33866386 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is growing evidence that sodium fluoride ([18F]fluoride) PET/CT can detect active arterial calcifications at the molecular stage. We investigated the relationship between arterial mineralization in the left common carotid artery (LCC) assessed by [18F]fluoride PET/CT and cardiovascular/thromboembolic risk. METHODS In total, 128 subjects (mean age 48 ± 14 years, 51% males) were included. [18F]fluoride uptake in the LCC was quantitatively assessed by measuring the blood-pool-corrected maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on each axial slice. Average SUVmax (aSUVmax) was calculated over all slices and correlated with 10-year risk of cardiovascular events estimated by the Framingham model, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and level of physical activity (LPA). RESULTS The aSUVmax was significantly higher in patients with increased risk of cardiovascular (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.01) and thromboembolic (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.01) events, and it was significantly lower in patients with greater LPA (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.02). On multivariable linear regression analysis, age ( = 0.07, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.10, p < 0.01), body mass index ( = 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 - 0.03, p < 0.01), arterial hypertension ( = 0.15, 95% CI 0.08 - 0.23, p < 0.01), and LPA ( = -0.10, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.02, p=0.02) were independent associations of aSUVmax. CONCLUSIONS Carotid [18F]fluoride uptake is significantly increased in patients with unfavorable cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk profiles. [18F]fluoride PET/CT could become a valuable tool to estimate subjects' risk of future cardiovascular events although still major trials are needed to further evaluate the associations found in this study and their potential clinical usefulness. KEY POINTS • Sodium fluoride ([18F]fluoride) PET/CT imaging identifies patients with early-stage atherosclerosis. • Carotid [18F]fluoride uptake is significantly higher in patients with increased risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic events and inversely correlated with the level of physical activity. • Early detection of arterial mineralization at a molecular level could help guide clinical decisions in the context of cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Castro
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Quinnipiac University, St Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Daniele Muser
- Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hwan Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Quinnipiac University, St Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Emily C Hancin
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Austin J Borja
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oswaldo Acosta
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas J Werner
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anders Thomassen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Caius Constantinescu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Poul Flemming Høilund-Carlsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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15
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Detering L, Abdilla A, Luehmann HP, Williams JW, Huang LH, Sultan D, Elvington A, Heo GS, Woodard PK, Gropler RJ, Randolph GJ, Hawker CJ, Liu Y. CC Chemokine Receptor 5 Targeted Nanoparticles Imaging the Progression and Regression of Atherosclerosis Using Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1386-1396. [PMID: 33591187 PMCID: PMC8737066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors play an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by mediating the trafficking of inflammatory cells. Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has major implications in promoting the development of plaques to advanced stage and related vulnerability. CCR5 antagonist has demonstrated the effective inhibition of atherosclerotic progression in mice, making it a potential biomarker for atherosclerosis management. To accurately determine CCR5 in vivo, we synthesized CCR5 targeted Comb nanoparticles through a modular design and construction strategy with control over the physiochemical properties and functionalization of CCR5 targeting peptide d-Ala-peptide T-amide (DAPTA-Comb). In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation through 64Cu radiolabeling showed extended blood circulation of 64Cu-DAPTA-Combs conjugated with 10%, 25%, and 40% DAPTA. The different organ distribution profiles of the three nanoparticles demonstrated the effect of DAPTA on not only physicochemical properties but also targeting efficiency. In vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in an apolipoprotein E knockout mouse atherosclerosis model (ApoE-/-) showed that the three 64Cu-DAPTA-Combs could sensitively and specifically detect CCR5 along the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. In an ApoE-encoding adenoviral vector (AAV) induced plaque regression ApoE-/- mouse model, decreased monocyte recruitment, CD68+ macrophages, CCR5 expression, and plaque size were all associated with reduced PET signals, which not only further confirmed the targeting efficiency of 64Cu-DAPTA-Combs but also highlighted the potential of these targeted nanoparticles for atherosclerosis imaging. Moreover, the up-regulation of CCR5 and colocalization with CD68+ macrophages in the necrotic core of ex vivo human plaque specimens warrant further investigation for atherosclerosis prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Detering
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Allison Abdilla
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hannah P Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Li-Hao Huang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Andrew Elvington
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Pamela K Woodard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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16
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Functional micro/nanobubbles for ultrasound medicine and visualizable guidance. Sci China Chem 2021; 64:899-914. [PMID: 33679901 PMCID: PMC7921288 DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemically functionalized gas-filled bubbles with a versatile micro/nano-sized scale have witnessed a long history of developments and emerging applications in disease diagnosis and treatments. In combination with ultrasound and image-guidance, micro/nanobubbles have been endowed with the capabilities of biomedical imaging, drug delivery, gene transfection and disease-oriented therapy. As an external stimulus, ultrasound (US)-mediated targeting treatments have been achieving unprecedented efficiency. Nowadays, US is playing a crucial role in visualizing biological/pathological changes in lives as a reliable imaging technique and a powerful therapeutic tool. This review retrospects the history of ultrasound, the chemistry of functionalized agents and summarizes recent advancements of functional micro/nanobubbles as US contrast agents in preclinical and trans-clinical research. Latest ultrasound-based treatment modalities in association with functional micro/nanobubbles have been highlighted as their great potentials for disease precision therapy. It is believed that these state-of-the-art micro/nanobubbles will become a booster for ultrasound medicine and visualizable guidance to serve future human healthcare in a more comprehensive and practical manner.
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17
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Moonen RPM, Coolen BF, Sluimer JC, Daemen MJAP, Strijkers GJ. Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Uptake in Mouse Brachiocephalic Artery Atherosclerotic Plaque Quantified by T 2-Mapping MRI. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020279. [PMID: 33669667 PMCID: PMC7922981 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to monitor the iron oxide contrast agent uptake in mouse brachiocephalic artery (BCA) atherosclerotic plaques in vivo by quantitative T2-mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Female ApoE−/− mice (n = 32) on a 15-week Western-type diet developed advanced plaques in the BCA and were injected with ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs). Quantitative in vivo MRI at 9.4 T was performed with a Malcolm-Levitt (MLEV) prepared T2-mapping sequence to monitor the nanoparticle uptake in the atherosclerotic plaque. Ex vivo histology and particle electron paramagnetic resonance (pEPR) were used for validation. Longitudinal high-resolution in vivo T2-value maps were acquired with consistent quality. Average T2 values in the plaque decreased from a baseline value of 34.5 ± 0.6 ms to 24.0 ± 0.4 ms one day after injection and partially recovered to an average T2 of 27 ± 0.5 ms after two days. T2 values were inversely related to iron levels in the plaque as determined by ex vivo particle electron paramagnetic resonance (pEPR). We concluded that MRI T2 mapping facilitates a robust quantitative readout for USPIO uptake in atherosclerotic plaques in arteries near the mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik P. M. Moonen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Bram F. Coolen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mat J. A. P. Daemen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-566-52-02
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18
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Voutyritsa E, Kyriakos G, Patsouras A, Damaskos C, Garmpi A, Diamantis E, Garmpis N, Savvanis S. Experimental Agents for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: New Directions. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:161-179. [PMID: 33633471 PMCID: PMC7901406 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s265642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and related metabolic disorders constitute a worldwide health challenge. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition based on both dyslipidemia and inflammation. Therefore, even when dyslipidemia is controlled, the risk of atherosclerosis remains. Among the most efficient inflammatory mediators used as therapeutic tools in cardiovascular disease are the interleukins, which are pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines. Moreover, a protein kinase inhibitors, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, and an inhibitor of a leukocyte adhesion molecule, P-Selectin, have also presented therapeutic potential for this disorder. Colchicine, being an inexpensive therapeutic option, has been proved to be suitable for the prevention of atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize all the studies, from 2010 to 2020, in which treatment approaches based on the agents mentioned above are evaluated in the management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errika Voutyritsa
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kyriakos
- Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucia, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Alexandros Patsouras
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tzanio General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Renal Transplantation Unit, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Diamantis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Garmpis
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Savvanis
- Internal Medicine Department, Elpis General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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19
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Dhanasekara CS, Zhang J, Nie S, Li G, Fan Z, Wang S. Nanoparticles target intimal macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2021; 32:102346. [PMID: 33259961 PMCID: PMC8514141 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized phosphatidylcholines (oxPCs) enriched on the oxidized LDL (oxLDL) surface are responsible ligands for binding oxLDL to the CD36 receptor of intimal macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. We synthesized liposome-like nanoparticles (NPs) using soy phosphatidylcholine and incorporated 1-palmitoyl-2-(4-keto-dodec-3-enedioyl) phosphatidylcholine, a type of oxPCs, on their surface to make ligand-NP (L-NPs). The objectives of this study were to measure and compare their binding affinity to and uptake by primary mouse and THP-1 derived macrophages, and to determine their target specificity to intimal macrophages in aortic lesions in LDL receptor null (LDLr-/-) mice. All in vitro data demonstrate that L-NPs had a high binding affinity to macrophage CD36 receptor. L-NPs had 1.4-fold higher accumulation in aortic lesion areas than NPs. L-NPs co-localized with intimal macrophages and CD36 receptors in the aortic lesions. This target delivery approach may portend a breakthrough in molecular imaging and targeted treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shufang Nie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Nano Tech Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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20
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Varasteh Z, De Rose F, Mohanta S, Li Y, Zhang X, Miritsch B, Scafetta G, Yin C, Sager HB, Glasl S, Gorpas D, Habenicht AJ, Ntziachristos V, Weber WA, Bartolazzi A, Schwaiger M, D'Alessandria C. Imaging atherosclerotic plaques by targeting Galectin-3 and activated macrophages using ( 89Zr)-DFO- Galectin3-F(ab') 2 mAb. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1864-1876. [PMID: 33408786 PMCID: PMC7778602 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The high expression of Galectin-3 (Gal3) in macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques suggests its participation in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, and raises the possibility to use it as a target to image disease severity in vivo. Here, we explored the feasibility of tracking atherosclerosis by targeting Gal3 expression in plaques of apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mice via PET imaging. Methods: Targeting of Gal3 in M0-, M1- and M2 (M2a/M2c)-polarized macrophages was assessed in vitro using a Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb labeled with AlexaFluor®488 and 89Zr- desferrioxamine-thioureyl-phenyl-isothiocyanate (DFO). To visualize plaques in vivo, ApoE-KO mice were injected i.v. with 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb and imaged via PET/CT 48 h post injection. Whole length aortas harvested from euthanized mice were processed for Sudan-IV staining, autoradiography, and immunostaining for Gal3, CD68 and α-SMA expression. To confirm accumulation of the tracer in plaques, ApoE-KO mice were injected i.v. with Cy5.5-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb, euthanized 48 h post injection, followed by cryosections of the body and acquisition of fluorescent images. To explore the clinical potential of this imaging modality, immunostaining for Gal3, CD68 and α-SMA expression were carried out in human plaques. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) analyses were performed to measure LGALS3 (i.e. a synonym for Gal3) gene expression in each macrophage of several subtypes present in murine or human plaques. Results: Preferential binding to M2 macrophages was observed with both AlexaFluor®488-Gal3-F(ab')2 and 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAbs. Focal and specific 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb uptake was detected in plaques of ApoE-KO mice by PET/CT. Autoradiography and immunohistochemical analyses of aortas confirmed the expression of Gal3 within plaques mainly in macrophages. Moreover, a specific fluorescent signal was visualized within the lesions of vascular structures burdened by plaques in mice. Gal3 expression in human plaques showed similar Gal3 expression patterns when compared to their murine counterparts. Conclusions: Our data reveal that 89Zr-DFO-Gal3-F(ab')2 mAb PET/CT is a potentially novel tool to image atherosclerotic plaques at different stages of development, allowing knowledge-based tailored individual intervention in clinically significant disease.
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21
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In Vitro Photodynamic Effects of the Inclusion Nanocomplexes of Glucan and Chlorin e6 on Atherogenic Foam Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010177. [PMID: 33375356 PMCID: PMC7795021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-derived foam cells play critical roles in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Activated macrophages and foam cells are important biomarkers for targeted imaging and inflammatory disease therapy. Macrophages also express the dectin-1 receptor, which specifically recognizes β-glucan (Glu). Here, we prepared photoactivatable nanoagents (termed Glu/Ce6 nanocomplexes) by encapsulating hydrophobic chlorin e6 (Ce6) within the triple-helix structure of Glu in aqueous condition. Glu/Ce6 nanocomplexes generate singlet oxygen upon laser irradiation. The Glu/Ce6 nanocomplexes were internalized into foam cells and delivered Ce6 molecules into the cytoplasm of foam cells. Upon laser irradiation, they induced significant membrane damage and apoptosis of foam cells. These results suggest that Glu/Ce6 nanocomplexes can be a photoactivatable material for treating atherogenic foam cells.
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22
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Chin DD, Poon C, Trac N, Wang J, Cook J, Joo J, Jiang Z, Maria NSS, Jacobs RE, Chung EJ. Collagenase-Cleavable Peptide Amphiphile Micelles as a Novel Theranostic Strategy in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020; 3:1900196. [PMID: 34295964 PMCID: PMC8294202 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by plaques that can cause sudden myocardial infarction upon rupture. Such rupture-prone plaques have thin fibrous caps due to collagenase degradation, and a noninvasive diagnostic tool and targeted therapy that can identify and treat vulnerable plaques and may inhibit the onset of acute cardiac events. Toward this goal, monocyte-binding, collagenase-inhibiting, and gadolinium-modified peptide amphiphile micelles (MCG PAMs) are developed. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) binds to C-C chemokine receptor-2 expressed on pathological cell types present within plaques. Through the peptide binding motif of MCP-1, MCG PAMs bind to monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Moreover, using magnetic resonance imaging, MCG PAMs show enhanced targeting and successful detection of plaques in diseased mice in vivo and act as contrast agents for molecular imaging. Through the collagenase-cleaving peptide sequence of collagen [VPMS-MRGG], MCG PAMs can compete for collagenases that degrade the fibrous cap of plaques, providing therapy. MCG PAM-treated mice show increased fibrous cap thickness by 61% and 113% histologically compared to nontargeting micelle- or PBS-treated mice (p = 0.0075 and 0.001, respectively). Overall, this novel multimodal nanoparticle offers new theranostic opportunities for noninvasive diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
| | - Christopher Poon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
| | - Noah Trac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
| | - Jackson Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
| | - Johan Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
| | - Zhangjingyi Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
| | - Naomi Sulit Sta Maria
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic, Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033 CA, USA
| | - Russell E Jacobs
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic, Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033 CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles USC 90089 CA, USA
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23
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Bala G, Crauwels M, Blykers A, Remory I, Marschall ALJ, Dübel S, Dumas L, Broisat A, Martin C, Ballet S, Cosyns B, Caveliers V, Devoogdt N, Xavier C, Hernot S. Radiometal-labeled anti-VCAM-1 nanobodies as molecular tracers for atherosclerosis - impact of radiochemistry on pharmacokinetics. Biol Chem 2019; 400:323-332. [PMID: 30240352 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeling of nanobodies with radiometals by chelation has the advantage of being simple, fast and easy to implement in clinical routine. In this study, we validated 68Ga/111In-labeled anti-VCAM-1 nanobodies as potential radiometal-based tracers for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. Both showed specific targeting of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. Nevertheless, uptake in lesions and constitutively VCAM-1 expressing organs was lower than previously reported for the 99mTc-labeled analog. We further investigated the impact of different radiolabeling strategies on the in vivo biodistribution of nanobody-based tracers. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics between 68Ga-, 18F-, 111In- and 99mTc-labeled anti-VCAM-1 nanobodies showed highest specific uptake for 99mTc-nanobody at all time-points, followed by the 68Ga-, 111In- and 18F-labeled tracer. No correlation was found with the estimated number of radioisotopes per nanobody, and mimicking specific activity of other radiolabeling methods did not result in an analogous biodistribution. We also demonstrated specificity of the tracer using mice with a VCAM-1 knocked-down phenotype, while showing for the first time the in vivo visualization of a protein knock-down using intrabodies. Conclusively, the chosen radiochemistry does have an important impact on the biodistribution of nanobodies, in particular on the specific targeting, but differences are not purely due to the tracer's specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezim Bala
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, UZBrussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxine Crauwels
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,Cellular and Molecular Immunology, CMIM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Blykers
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel Remory
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Anesthesiology, UZBrussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea L J Marschall
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraβe 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraβe 7, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laurent Dumas
- Inserm U1039, LRB, Université Grenoble Alpes, Domaine de la Merci, F-38700 La Tonche, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Inserm U1039, LRB, Université Grenoble Alpes, Domaine de la Merci, F-38700 La Tonche, France
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Cosyns
- Department of Cardiology, UZBrussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vicky Caveliers
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZBrussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina Xavier
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Wei L, Petryk J, Gaudet C, Kamkar M, Gan W, Duan Y, Ruddy TD. Development of an inflammation imaging tracer, 111In-DOTA-DAPTA, targeting chemokine receptor CCR5 and preliminary evaluation in an ApoE -/- atherosclerosis mouse model. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:1169-1178. [PMID: 29417414 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Our objective was to develop a SPECT tracer targeting CCR5 for imaging plaque inflammation by radiolabeling D-Ala-peptide T-amide (DAPTA), a CCR5 antagonist, with 111In. METHODS 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) conjugated DAPTA (DOTA-DAPTA) was labeled with 111In. Cell uptake studies were conducted in U87-CD4-CCR5 and U87-MG cells. Biodistribution was determined in C57BL/6 mice. Autoradiography, en face and Oil Red O (ORO) imaging studies were performed in ApoE-/- mice. RESULTS DOTA-DAPTA was radiolabeled with 111In with high radiochemical purity (> 98%) and specific activity (70 MBq·nmol). 111In-DOTA-DAPTA exhibited fast blood and renal clearance and high spleen uptake. The U87-CD4-CCR5 cells had significantly higher uptake in comparison to the U87-MG cells. The cell uptake was reduced by three times with DAPTA, indicating the receptor specificity of the uptake. Autoradiographic images showed significantly higher lesion uptake of 111In-DOTA-DAPTA in ApoE-/- mice than that in C57BL/6 mice. The tracer uptake in 4 month old ApoE-/- high fat diet (HFD) mice with blocking agent was twofold lower than the same mice without the blocking agent, demonstrating the specificity of the tracer for the CCR5 receptor. CONCLUSION 111In-DOTA-DAPTA, specifically targeting chemokine receptor CCR5, is a potential SPECT agent for imaging inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wei
- Nordion Inc., 447 March Road, Ottawa, ON, K2K 1X8, Canada.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
| | - Julia Petryk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Chantal Gaudet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Maryam Kamkar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Wei Gan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Yin Duan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Terrence D Ruddy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Nordion Lab, Canadian Molecular Imaging Center of Excellence (C-MICE), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
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25
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Abstract
Noninvasive imaging has played an increasing role in the process of cardiovascular drug development. This review focuses specifically on the use of molecular imaging, which has been increasingly applied to improve and accelerate certain preclinical steps in drug development, including the identification of appropriate therapeutic targets, evaluation of on-target and off-target effects of candidate therapies, assessment of dose response, and the evaluation of drug or biological biodistribution and pharmacodynamics. Unlike the case in cancer medicine, in cardiovascular medicine, molecular imaging has not been used as a primary surrogate clinical end point for drug approval. However, molecular imaging has been applied in early clinical trials, particularly in phase 0 studies, to demonstrate proof-of-concept or to explain variation in treatment effect. Many of these applications where molecular imaging has been used in drug development have involved the retasking of technologies that were originally intended as clinical diagnostics. With greater experience and recognition of the rich information provided by in vivo molecular imaging, it is anticipated that it will increasingly be used to address the enormous time and costs associated with bringing a new drug to clinical launch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Lindner
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.R.L.), Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), and Center for Radiologic Research (J.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland.
| | - Jeanne Link
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.R.L.), Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), and Center for Radiologic Research (J.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
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26
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Xu W, Zhang S, Zhou Q, Chen W. VHPKQHR peptide modified magnetic mesoporous nanoparticles for MRI detection of atherosclerosis lesions. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2440-2448. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1626411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuihua Zhang
- Guangzhou Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Center, Universal Medical Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Meester EJ, Krenning BJ, de Swart J, Segbers M, Barrett HE, Bernsen MR, Van der Heiden K, de Jong M. Perspectives on Small Animal Radionuclide Imaging; Considerations and Advances in Atherosclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:39. [PMID: 30915335 PMCID: PMC6421263 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses nuclear SPECT and PET imaging in small animals in relation to the atherosclerotic disease process, one of our research topics of interest. Imaging of atherosclerosis in small animal models is challenging, as it operates at the limits of current imaging possibilities regarding sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Several topics are discussed, including technical considerations that apply to image acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis. Moreover, molecules developed for or applied in these small animal nuclear imaging studies are listed, including target-directed molecules, useful for imaging organs or tissues that have elevated expression of the target compared to other tissues, and molecules that serve as substrates for metabolic processes. Differences between animal models and human pathophysiology that should be taken into account during translation from animal to patient as well as differences in tracer behavior in animal vs. man are also described. Finally, we give a future outlook on small animal radionuclide imaging in atherosclerosis, followed by recommendations. The challenges and solutions described might be applicable to other research fields of health and disease as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Meester
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - B J Krenning
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J de Swart
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Segbers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - H E Barrett
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - M R Bernsen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - K Van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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28
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Bala G, Broisat A, Lahoutte T, Hernot S. Translating Molecular Imaging of the Vulnerable Plaque-a Vulnerable Project? Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:337-339. [PMID: 29181819 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gezim Bala
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI/BEFY), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, INSERM, 1039-Université de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI/BEFY), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI/BEFY), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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29
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Varasteh Z, Mohanta S, Li Y, López Armbruster N, Braeuer M, Nekolla SG, Habenicht A, Sager HB, Raes G, Weber W, Hernot S, Schwaiger M. Targeting mannose receptor expression on macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-knockout mice using 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR nanobody: non-invasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaques. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:5. [PMID: 30666513 PMCID: PMC6340911 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-019-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques are characterized by heavy macrophage infiltration, and the presence of certain macrophage subsets might be a sign for plaque vulnerability. The mannose receptor (MR, CD206) is over-expressed in several types of alternatively activated macrophages. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of a Gallium-68 (68Ga)-labelled anti-MR nanobody (68Ga-anti-MMR Nb) for the visualization of MR-positive (MR+) macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice. Results NOTA-anti-MMR Nb was labelled with 68Ga with radiochemical purity > 95%. In vitro cell-binding studies demonstrated selective and specific binding of the tracer to M2a macrophages. For in vivo atherosclerotic plaque imaging studies, 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb was injected into ApoE-KO and control mice intravenously (i.v.) and scanned 1 h post-injection for 30 min using a dedicated animal PET/CT. Focal signals could be detected in aortic tissue of ApoE-KO mice, whereas no signal was detected in the aortas of control mice. 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb uptake was detected in atherosclerotic plaques on autoradiographs and correlated well with Sudan-IV-positive areas. The calculated ratio of plaque-to-normal aortic tissue autoradiographic signal intensity was 7.7 ± 2.6 in aortas excised from ApoE-KO mice. Immunofluorescence analysis of aorta cross-sections confirmed predominant MR expression in macrophages located in the fibrous cap layer and shoulder region of the plaques. Conclusions 68Ga-NOTA-anti-MMR Nb allows non-invasive PET/CT imaging of MR expression in atherosclerotic lesions in a murine model and may represent a promising tool for clinical imaging and evaluation of plaque (in)stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger-Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolás López Armbruster
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Braeuer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger-Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger-Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B Sager
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Geert Raes
- Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger-Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging (ICMI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger-Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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30
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Evaluation of [ 99mTc]Radiolabeled Macrophage Mannose Receptor-Specific Nanobodies for Targeting of Atherosclerotic Lesions in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:260-267. [PMID: 28875290 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Macrophage accumulation characterizes the development of atherosclerotic plaques, and the presence of certain macrophage subsets might be an indicator of plaque phenotype and (in)stability. The macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) is expressed on alternatively activated macrophages and found at sites of intraplaque hemorrhage and neovascularization. It has been proposed as target to identify vulnerable plaques. Therefore, we aimed to assess the feasibility of using anti-MMR nanobodies (Nbs) as molecular tracers for nuclear imaging in an animal model of atherosclerosis. PROCEDURE Anti-MMR and control Nb, radiolabeled with Tc-99m, were injected in ApoE-/- and/or C57Bl/6 mice (n = 6). In vivo competition studies involving pre-injection of excess of unlabeled anti-MMR Nb (n = 3) and injection of anti-MMR Nb in MMR-/- mice (n = 3) were performed to demonstrate specificity. At 3 h p.i. radioactive uptake in organs, tissues and aorta segments were evaluated. Autoradiography and immunofluorescence were performed on aortic sections. RESULTS Significantly higher uptake was observed in all aortic segments of ApoE-/- mice injected with anti-MMR Nb compared to control Nb (1.36 ± 0.67 vs 0.38 ± 0.13 percent of injected dose per gram (%ID/g), p ≤ 0.001). Surprisingly, high aortic uptake was also observed in C57Bl/6 mice (1.50 ± 0.43%ID/g, p ≥ 0.05 compared to ApoE-/-), while aortic uptake was reduced to background levels in the case of competition and in MMR-/- mice (0.46 ± 0.10 and 0.22 ± 0.06%ID/g, respectively; p ≤ 0.001). Therefore, expression of MMR along healthy aortas was suggested. Autoradiography showed no specific radioactive signal within atherosclerotic plaques, but rather localization of the signal along the aorta, correlating with MMR expression in perivascular tissue as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. CONCLUSIONS No significant uptake of MMR-specific Nb could be observed in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-/- mice in this study. A specific perivascular signal causing a non-negligible background level was demonstrated. This observation should be considered when using MMR as a target in molecular imaging of atherosclerosis, as well as use of translational animal models with vulnerable plaques.
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Tekabe Y, Johnson LL, Rodriquez K, Li Q, Backer M, Backer JM. Selective Imaging of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 and Receptor-2 in Atherosclerotic Lesions in Diabetic and Non-diabetic ApoE -/- Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:85-93. [PMID: 28421362 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plaque vulnerability is associated with inflammation and angiogenesis, processes that rely on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling via two receptors, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. We have recently reported that enhanced uptake of scVEGF-PEG-DOTA/Tc-99m (scV/Tc) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracer that targets both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, identifies accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic relative to non-diabetic ApoE-/- mice. Since VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 may play different roles in atherosclerotic plaques, we reasoned that selective imaging of each receptor can provide more detailed information on plaque biology. PROCEDURES Recently described VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 selective mutants of scVEGF, named scVR1 and scVR2, were site-specifically derivatized with Tc-99m chelator DOTA via 3.4 kDa PEG linker, and their selectivity to the cognate receptors was confirmed in vitro. scVR1 and scVR2 conjugates were radiolabeled with Tc-99m to specific activity of 110 ± 11 MBq/nmol, yielding tracers named scVR1/Tc and scVR2/Tc. 34-40 week old diabetic and age-matched non-diabetic ApoE-/- mice were injected with tracers, 2-3 h later injected with x-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agent and underwent hybrid SPECT/CT imaging. Tracer uptake, localized to proximal aorta and brachiocephalic vessels, was quantified as %ID from. Tracer uptake was also quantified as %ID/g from gamma counting of harvested plaques. Harvested atherosclerotic arterial tissue was used for immunofluorescent analyses of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 and various lineage-specific markers. RESULTS Focal, receptor-mediated uptake in proximal aorta and brachiocephalic vessels was detected for both scVR1/Tc and scVR2/Tc tracers. Uptake of scVR1/Tc and scVR2/Tc was efficiently inhibited only by "cold" proteins of the same receptor selectivity. Tracer uptake in this area, expressed as %ID, was higher in diabetic vs. non- diabetic mice for scVR1/Tc (p = 0.01) but not for scVR2/Tc. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed enhanced VEGFR-1 prevalence in and around plaque area in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Selective VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 imaging of atherosclerotic lesions may be useful to explore plaque biology and identify vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yared Tekabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 St 168th St, PH 10, room 203, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lynne L Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 St 168th St, PH 10, room 203, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Krissy Rodriquez
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 St 168th St, PH 10, room 203, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 St 168th St, PH 10, room 203, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marina Backer
- SibTech, Inc., 115A Commerce Drive, Brookfield, CT, 06804, USA
| | - Joseph M Backer
- SibTech, Inc., 115A Commerce Drive, Brookfield, CT, 06804, USA
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Molecular Imaging of a New Multimodal Microbubble for Adhesion Molecule Targeting. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 12:15-32. [PMID: 31719897 PMCID: PMC6816780 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-00562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammation is an important risk-associated component of many diseases and can be diagnosed by molecular imaging of specific molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of targeting adhesion molecules on inflammation-activated endothelial cells and macrophages using an innovative multimodal polyvinyl alcohol-based microbubble (MB) contrast agent developed for diagnostic use in ultrasound, magnetic resonance, and nuclear imaging. Methods We assessed the binding efficiency of antibody-conjugated multimodal contrast to inflamed murine or human endothelial cells (ECs), and to peritoneal macrophages isolated from rats with peritonitis, utilizing the fluorescence characteristics of the MBs. Single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) was used to illustrate 99mTc-labeled MB targeting and distribution in an experimental in vivo model of inflammation. Results Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy showed that binding of antibody-targeted MBs to the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, or E-selectin, expressed on cytokine-stimulated ECs, was up to sixfold higher for human and 12-fold higher for mouse ECs, compared with that of non-targeted MBs. Under flow conditions, both VCAM-1- and E-selectin-targeted MBs adhered more firmly to stimulated human ECs than to untreated cells, while VCAM-1-targeted MBs adhered best to stimulated murine ECs. SPECT imaging showed an approximate doubling of signal intensity from the abdomen of rats with peritonitis, compared with healthy controls, after injection of anti-ICAM-1-MBs. Conclusions This novel multilayer contrast agent can specifically target adhesion molecules expressed as a result of inflammatory stimuli in vitro, and has potential for use in disease-specific multimodal diagnostics in vivo using antibodies against targets of interest.
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Li T, Liang W, Xiao X, Qian Y. Nanotechnology, an alternative with promising prospects and advantages for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7349-7362. [PMID: 30519019 PMCID: PMC6233477 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s179678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes of mortality and affecting the health status of patients. At the same time, CVDs cause a huge health and economic burden to the whole world. Although a variety of therapeutic drugs and measures have been produced to delay the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, most of the traditional therapeutic strategies can only cure the symptoms and cannot repair or regenerate the damaged ischemic myocardium. In addition, they may bring some unpleasant side effects. Therefore, it is vital to find and explore new technologies and drugs to solve the shortcomings of conventional treatments. Nanotechnology is a new way of using and manipulating the matter at the molecular scale, whose functional organization is measured in nanometers. Because nanoscale phenomena play an important role in cell signal transduction, enzyme action and cell cycle, nanotechnology is closely related to medical research. The application of nanotechnology in the field of medicine provides an alternative and novel direction for the treatment of CVDs, and shows excellent performance in the field of targeted drug therapy and the development of biomaterials. This review will briefly introduce the latest applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of common CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Weitao Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Xijun Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,
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Ji R, Li X, Zhou C, Tian Q, Li C, Xia S, Wang R, Feng Y, Zhan W. Identifying macrophage enrichment in atherosclerotic plaques by targeting dual-modal US imaging/MRI based on biodegradable Fe-doped hollow silica nanospheres conjugated with anti-CD68 antibody. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:20246-20255. [PMID: 30361722 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage recruitment has emerged as the crucial force driving the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, the identification of macrophages in plaques is of vital importance for identifying vulnerable plaques, and noninvasive imaging methods are particularly desirable. Some studies have reported that MRI can detect plaque macrophages through targeted nanoparticles, but it is still hard for an US to detect macrophages in atherosclerotic plaque. In this study, anti-CD68 receptor-targeted Fe-doped hollow silica nanoparticles (CD68-Fe-HSNs) were fabricated as a dual-modal US/MRI contrast agent for identifying macrophages of aorta ventralis atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/- mice, confirmed by immunofluorescence and bio-TEM. This system possesses biodegradable characteristics even though it is an inorganic mesoporous nanosystem, indicating its potential high biocompatibility for further in vivo research. We expect that these dual-modal US/MRI nanoparticles will play a role in assessing vulnerable plaque in future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Ji
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China200025.
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Kaul MG, Salamon J, Knopp T, Ittrich H, Adam G, Weller H, Jung C. Magnetic particle imaging for in vivo blood flow velocity measurements in mice. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:064001. [PMID: 29465412 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a new imaging technology. It is a potential candidate to be used for angiographic purposes, to study perfusion and cell migration. The aim of this work was to measure velocities of the flowing blood in the inferior vena cava of mice, using MPI, and to evaluate it in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A phantom mimicking the flow within the inferior vena cava with velocities of up to 21 cm s-1 was used for the evaluation of the applied analysis techniques. Time-density and distance-density analyses for bolus tracking were performed to calculate flow velocities. These findings were compared with the calibrated velocities set by a flow pump, and it can be concluded that velocities of up to 21 cm s-1 can be measured by MPI. A time-density analysis using an arrival time estimation algorithm showed the best agreement with the preset velocities. In vivo measurements were performed in healthy FVB mice (n = 10). MRI experiments were performed using phase contrast (PC) for velocity mapping. For MPI measurements, a standardized injection of a superparamagnetic iron oxide tracer was applied. In vivo MPI data were evaluated by a time-density analysis and compared to PC MRI. A Bland-Altman analysis revealed good agreement between the in vivo velocities acquired by MRI of 4.0 ± 1.5 cm s-1 and those measured by MPI of 4.8 ± 1.1 cm s-1. Magnetic particle imaging is a new tool with which to measure and quantify flow velocities. It is fast, radiation-free, and produces 3D images. It therefore offers the potential for vascular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Kaul
- Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Woodside DG, Tanifum EA, Ghaghada KB, Biediger RJ, Caivano AR, Starosolski ZA, Khounlo S, Bhayana S, Abbasi S, Craft JW, Maxwell DS, Patel C, Stupin IV, Bakthavatsalam D, Market RV, Willerson JT, Dixon RAF, Vanderslice P, Annapragada AV. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque at Clinically Relevant Field Strengths (1T) by Targeting the Integrin α4β1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3733. [PMID: 29487319 PMCID: PMC5829217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21893-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation drives the degradation of atherosclerotic plaque, yet there are no non-invasive techniques available for imaging overall inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques, especially in the coronary arteries. To address this, we have developed a clinically relevant system to image overall inflammatory cell burden in plaque. Here, we describe a targeted contrast agent (THI0567-targeted liposomal-Gd) that is suitable for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and binds with high affinity and selectivity to the integrin α4β1(very late antigen-4, VLA-4), a key integrin involved in recruiting inflammatory cells to atherosclerotic plaques. This liposomal contrast agent has a high T1 relaxivity (~2 × 105 mM-1s-1 on a particle basis) resulting in the ability to image liposomes at a clinically relevant MR field strength. We were able to visualize atherosclerotic plaques in various regions of the aorta in atherosclerosis-prone ApoE-/- mice on a 1 Tesla small animal MRI scanner. These enhanced signals corresponded to the accumulation of monocyte/macrophages in the subendothelial layer of atherosclerotic plaques in vivo, whereas non-targeted liposomal nanoparticles did not demonstrate comparable signal enhancement. An inflammatory cell-targeted method that has the specificity and sensitivity to measure the inflammatory burden of a plaque could be used to noninvasively identify patients at risk of an acute ischemic event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren G Woodside
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - Eric A Tanifum
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ronald J Biediger
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Amy R Caivano
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zbigniew A Starosolski
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Sayadeth Khounlo
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Saakshi Bhayana
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Shahrzad Abbasi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas, 77004, USA
| | - David S Maxwell
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Institutional Analytics and Informatics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chandreshkumar Patel
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Igor V Stupin
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | | | - Robert V Market
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - James T Willerson
- Division of Cardiology Research, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A F Dixon
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Peter Vanderslice
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ananth V Annapragada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 6621 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
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Derivatives of 2,5-Diaryl-1,3-Oxazole and 2,5-Diaryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole as Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for Studies of Biological Membranes. REVIEWS IN FLUORESCENCE 2017 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01569-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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张 磊, 祁 冀, 景 亚, 覃 波, 李 义, 刘 刚, 郭 晓, 扶 世. [Effect of pushing manipulation on Qiaogong acupoint on hemodynamics in cynomolgus monkeys with mild carotid atherosclerotic plaques]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1592-1596. [PMID: 29292250 PMCID: PMC6744027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hemodynamic changes in cynomolgus monkeys with mild carotid atherosclerotic (CAS) plaques after therapy with pushing manipulation on Qiaogong acupoint (MPQ). METHODS Nine cynomolgus monkeys were equally randomized into MPQ group, mild CAS model group and blank control group. Mild CAS models were established in the monkeys in MPQ and model groups, and the monkeys in MPQ group received treatment with MPQ intervention after the modeling. The conditions of the carotid artery and the hemodynamic changes in the 3 groups were evaluated after the treatment. RESULTS Formation of CAS plaques was detected in monkeys in both MPQ and model groups. The vascular cross?sectional area, plaque cross?sectional area and stenosis rate of the plaques in the two groups all differed significantly from those in the blank control group (P<0.05), but these parameters were similar between MPQ group and the model group (P>0.05). Compared with those in the blank control group, the hemodynamic parameters showed significant changes in MPQ and the model groups (P<0.05) but remained similar between the latter two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION CAS plaques can cause changes in hemodynamic parameters. Short?term therapy with MPQ does not affect the stability of the plaques or cause adverse effects on hemodynamics in cynomolgus monkeys with mild CAS plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- 磊 张
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 冀 祁
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 亚军 景
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 波 覃
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - 义凯 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 刚 刘
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - 晓光 郭
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - 世杰 扶
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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张 磊, 祁 冀, 景 亚, 覃 波, 李 义, 刘 刚, 郭 晓, 扶 世. [Effect of pushing manipulation on Qiaogong acupoint on hemodynamics in cynomolgus monkeys with mild carotid atherosclerotic plaques]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1592-1596. [PMID: 29292250 PMCID: PMC6744027 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hemodynamic changes in cynomolgus monkeys with mild carotid atherosclerotic (CAS) plaques after therapy with pushing manipulation on Qiaogong acupoint (MPQ). METHODS Nine cynomolgus monkeys were equally randomized into MPQ group, mild CAS model group and blank control group. Mild CAS models were established in the monkeys in MPQ and model groups, and the monkeys in MPQ group received treatment with MPQ intervention after the modeling. The conditions of the carotid artery and the hemodynamic changes in the 3 groups were evaluated after the treatment. RESULTS Formation of CAS plaques was detected in monkeys in both MPQ and model groups. The vascular cross?sectional area, plaque cross?sectional area and stenosis rate of the plaques in the two groups all differed significantly from those in the blank control group (P<0.05), but these parameters were similar between MPQ group and the model group (P>0.05). Compared with those in the blank control group, the hemodynamic parameters showed significant changes in MPQ and the model groups (P<0.05) but remained similar between the latter two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION CAS plaques can cause changes in hemodynamic parameters. Short?term therapy with MPQ does not affect the stability of the plaques or cause adverse effects on hemodynamics in cynomolgus monkeys with mild CAS plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- 磊 张
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 冀 祁
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 亚军 景
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 波 覃
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - 义凯 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 刚 刘
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - 晓光 郭
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - 世杰 扶
- 西南医科大学附属中医医院,四川 泸州 646600Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Su T, Wang YB, Han D, Wang J, Qi S, Gao L, Shao YH, Qiao HY, Chen JW, Liang SH, Nie YZ, Li JY, Cao F. Multimodality Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Rabbit Atherosclerotic Model by GEBP11 Peptide Targeted Nanoparticles. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4791-4804. [PMID: 29187904 PMCID: PMC5706100 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Angiogenesis is an important pathological process during progression of plaque formation, which can result in plaque hemorrhage and vulnerability. This study aims to explore non-invasive imaging of angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) by using GEBP11 peptide targeted magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Methods: The dual-modality imaging probe was constructed by coupling 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinnic acid-coated paramagnetic nanoparticles (DMSA-MNPs) and the PET 68Ga chelator 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N, N', N''-triacetic acid (NOTA) to GEBP11 peptide. The atherosclerosis model was induced in New Zealand white rabbits by abdominal aorta balloon de-endothelialization and atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. The plaque areas in abdominal artery were detected by ultrasound imaging and Oil Red O staining. Immunofluorescence staining and Prussian blue staining were applied respectively to investigate the affinity of GEBP11 peptide. MTT and flow cytometric analysis were performed to detect the effects of NGD-MNPs on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In vivo MRI and PET imaging of atherosclerotic plaque were carried out at different time points after intravenous injection of nanoparticles. Results: The NGD-MNPs with hydrodynamic diameter of 130.8 nm ± 7.1 nm exhibited good imaging properties, high stability, low immunogenicity and little cytotoxicity. In vivo PET/MR imaging revealed that 68Ga-NGD-MNPs were successfully applied to visualize atherosclerotic plaque angiogenesis in the rabbit abdominal aorta. Prussian blue and CD31 immunohistochemical staining confirmed that NGD-MNPs were well co-localized within the blood vessels' plaques. Conclusion:68Ga-NGD-MNPs might be a promising MR and PET dual imaging probe for visualizing the vulnerable plaques.
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Prévot G, Kauss T, Lorenzato C, Gaubert A, Larivière M, Baillet J, Laroche-Traineau J, Jacobin-Valat MJ, Adumeau L, Mornet S, Barthélémy P, Duonor-Cérutti M, Clofent-Sanchez G, Crauste-Manciet S. Iron oxide core oil-in-water nanoemulsion as tracer for atherosclerosis MPI and MRI imaging. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:669-676. [PMID: 28899764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For early atherosclerosis imaging, magnetic oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE) decorated with atheroma specific monoclonal antibody was designed for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MPI is an emerging technique based on direct mapping of superparamagnetic nanoparticles which may advantageously complement MRI. METHODS NE oily droplets were loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of 7, 11 and 18nm and biofunctionalized with atheroma specific scFv-Fc TEG4-2C antibody. RESULTS Inclusion of nanoparticles inside NE did not change the hydrodynamic diameter of the oil droplets, close to 180nm, nor the polydispersity. The droplets were negatively charged (ζ=-30mV). In vitro MPI signal was assessed by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS). NE displayed MRI and MPS signals confirming its potential as new contrast agent. NE MPS signal increase with NPs size close to the gold standard (Resovist). In MRI, NE displayed R2* transversal relaxivity of 45.45, 96.04 and 218.81mM-1s-1 for 7, 11 and 18nm respectively. NE selectively bind atheroma plaque both in vitro and ex vivo in animal models of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Magnetic NE showed reasonable MRI/MPS signals and a significant labelling of the atheroma plaque. These preliminary results support that NE platform could selectively image atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Prévot
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tina Kauss
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Lorenzato
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mélusine Larivière
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Baillet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jeanny Laroche-Traineau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie Josée Jacobin-Valat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurent Adumeau
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, ICMCB, UPR 9048, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Gisèle Clofent-Sanchez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5536, CRMSB, Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sylvie Crauste-Manciet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, U1212, CNRS UMR 5320, ARNA, ARN: Régulations Naturelle et Artificielle, ChemBioPharm, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
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Suda M, Kiriyama T, Ishihara K, Onoguchi M, Kobayashi Y, Sakurai M, Shibutani T, Kumita SI. The high matrix acquisition technique for imaging of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation in fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography with time-of-flight: Phantom study. J Nucl Cardiol 2017; 24:1161-1170. [PMID: 27197819 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-016-0510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motion artifact and partial volume effect caused underestimation of coronary plaque inflammation. This study evaluated the high matrix acquisition technique using time-of-flight (TOF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography for imaging of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose in small and moving phantoms. METHODS AND RESULTS All images were reconstructed using a conventional algorithm without TOF (4 × 4 × 4 mm3 voxel size) and a high matrix algorithm with TOF (2 × 2 × 2 mm3 voxel size). Microsphere phantoms of 10, 7.9, 6.2, 5.0, and 4.0 mm diameters were acquired in 3-dimensional list-mode for 30 minutes. A heart phantom mimicking cardiac motion consisted of a hot spot simulating a plaque (φ 4 mm, φ 2 mm) on the outside of the left ventricle. In the microsphere and heart phantom study, visual discrimination, maximum activity, and target-to-background ratio using the high matrix algorithm with TOF were better than those using the conventional algorithm without TOF. CONCLUSION The high matrix algorithm with TOF improves detection of small targets in phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Suda
- Clinical Imaging Center for Healthcare, Nippon Medical School, 1-12-15, Sendagi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0022, Japan.
| | | | - Keiichi Ishihara
- Clinical Imaging Center for Healthcare, Nippon Medical School, 1-12-15, Sendagi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0022, Japan
| | - Masahisa Onoguchi
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Sakurai
- Clinical Imaging Center for Healthcare, Nippon Medical School, 1-12-15, Sendagi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0022, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shibutani
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Varasteh Z, Hyafil F, Anizan N, Diallo D, Aid-Launais R, Mohanta S, Li Y, Braeuer M, Steiger K, Vigne J, Qin Z, Nekolla SG, Fabre JE, Döring Y, Le Guludec D, Habenicht A, Vera DR, Schwaiger M. Targeting mannose receptor expression on macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-knockout mice using 111In-tilmanocept. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:40. [PMID: 28470406 PMCID: PMC5415447 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic plaque phenotypes are classified based on the extent of macrophage infiltration into the lesions, and the presence of certain macrophage subsets might be a sign for plaque vulnerability. The mannose receptor (MR) is over-expressed in activated macrophages. Tilmanocept is a tracer that targets MR and is approved in Europe and the USA for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the potential of 111In-labelled tilmanocept for the detection of MR-positive macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mouse model. Methods Tilmanocept was labelled with 111In. The labelling stability and biodistribution of the tracer was first evaluated in control mice (n = 10) 1 h post injection (p.i.). For in vivo imaging studies, 111In-tilmanocept was injected into ApoE-KO (n = 8) and control (n = 8) mice intravenously (i.v.). The mice were scanned 90 min p.i. using a dedicated animal SPECT/CT. For testing the specificity of 111In-tilmanocept uptake in plaques, a group of ApoE-KO mice was co-injected with excess amount of non-labelled tilmanocept. For ex vivo imaging studies, the whole aortas (n = 9 from ApoE-KO and n = 4 from control mice) were harvested free from adventitial tissue for Sudan IV staining and autoradiography. Cryosections were prepared for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results 111In radiolabelling of tilmanocept provided a yield of greater than 99%. After i.v. injection, 111In-tilmanocept accumulated in vivo in MR-expressing organs (i.e. liver and spleen) and showed only low residual blood signal 1 h p.i. MR-binding specificity in receptor-positive organs was demonstrated by a 1.5- to 3-fold reduced uptake of 111In-tilmanocept after co-injection of a blocking dose of non-labelled tilmanocept. Focal signal was detected in atherosclerotic plaques of ApoE-KO mice, whereas no signal was detected in the aortas of control mice. 111In-tilmanocept uptake was detected in atherosclerotic plaques on autoradiography correlating well with Sudan IV-positive areas and associating with subendothelial accumulations of MR-positive macrophages as demonstrated by IHC. Conclusions After i.v. injection, 111In-tilmanocept accumulated in MR-expressing organs and was associated with only low residual blood signal. In addition, 111In-tilmanocept uptake was detected in atherosclerotic plaques of mice containing MR-expressing macrophages suggesting that tilmanocept represents a promising tracer for the non-invasive detection of macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Anizan
- Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Devy Diallo
- Fédération de Recherche en Imagerie Multimodalité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Sarajo Mohanta
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuanfang Li
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Braeuer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan Vigne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Zhengtao Qin
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean-Etienne Fabre
- INSERM U1148 Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Paris, France
| | - Yvonne Döring
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Habenicht
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - David R Vera
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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Wang X, Peter K. Molecular Imaging of Atherothrombotic Diseases: Seeing Is Believing. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1029-1040. [PMID: 28450298 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging, with major advances in the development of both innovative targeted contrast agents/particles and radiotracers, as well as various imaging technologies, is a fascinating, rapidly growing field with many preclinical and clinical applications, particularly for personalized medicine. Thrombosis in either the venous or the arterial system, the latter typically caused by rupture of unstable atherosclerotic plaques, is a major determinant of mortality and morbidity in patients. However, imaging of the various thrombotic complications and the identification of plaques that are prone to rupture are at best indirect, mostly unreliable, or not available at all. The development of molecular imaging toward diagnosis and prevention of thrombotic disease holds promise for major advance in this clinically important field. Here, we review the medical need and clinical importance of direct molecular imaging of thrombi and unstable atherosclerotic plaques that are prone to rupture, thereby causing thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. We systematically compare the advantages/disadvantages of the various molecular imaging modalities, including X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, fluorescence imaging, and ultrasound. We further systematically discuss molecular targets specific for thrombi and those characterizing unstable, potentially thrombogenic atherosclerotic plaques. Finally, we provide examples for first theranostic approaches in thrombosis, combining diagnosis, targeted therapy, and monitoring of therapeutic success or failure. Overall, molecular imaging is a rapidly advancing field that holds promise of major benefits to many patients with atherothrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (X.W., K.P.), Departments of Medicine (X.W., K.P.), and Immunology (K.P.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- From the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (X.W., K.P.), Departments of Medicine (X.W., K.P.), and Immunology (K.P.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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45
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Varna M, Xuan HV, Fort E. Gold nanoparticles in cardiovascular imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 10. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Varna
- Institut LangevinESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Institut Galien Paris‐Sud UMR 8612, CNRSUniversité Paris‐Sud/Paris‐Saclay Faculté de PharmacieChâtenay‐MalabryFrance
| | - Hoa V. Xuan
- Institut LangevinESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- Faculty of Physics and TechnologyThai Nguyen University of Science (TNUS)Thai NguyenVietnam
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- Institut LangevinESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
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46
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Reimann C, Brangsch J, Colletini F, Walter T, Hamm B, Botnar RM, Makowski MR. Molecular imaging of the extracellular matrix in the context of atherosclerosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:49-60. [PMID: 27639968 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current status of molecular imaging of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the context of atherosclerosis. Apart from cellular components, the ECM of the atherosclerotic plaque plays a relevant role during the initiation of atherosclerosis and its' subsequent progression. Important structural and signaling components of the ECM include elastin, collagen and fibrin. However, the ECM not only plays a structural role in the arterial wall but also interacts with different cell types and has important biological signaling functions. Molecular imaging of the ECM has emerged as a new diagnostic tool to characterize biological aspects of atherosclerotic plaques, which cannot be characterized by current clinically established imaging techniques, such as X-ray angiography. Different types of molecular probes can be detected in vivo by imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The modality specific signaling component of the molecular probe provides information about its spatial location and local concentration. The successful introduction of molecular imaging into clinical practice and guidelines could open new pathways for an earlier detection of disease processes and a better understanding of the disease state on a biological level. Quantitative in vivo molecular parameters could also contribute to the development and evaluation of novel cardiovascular therapeutic interventions and the assessment of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thula Walter
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rene M Botnar
- King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust and EPSRC Medical Engineering Center, United Kingdom; BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité, Berlin, Germany; King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences, United Kingdom.
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Kafi O, Khatib NE, Tiago J, Sequeira A. Numerical simulations of a 3D fluid-structure interaction model for blood flow in an atherosclerotic artery. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2017; 14:179-193. [PMID: 27879127 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2017012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory process of atherosclerosis leads to the formation of an atheromatous plaque in the intima of the blood vessel. The plaque rupture may result from the interaction between the blood and the plaque. In each cardiac cycle, blood interacts with the vessel, considered as a compliant nonlinear hyperelastic. A three dimensional idealized fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is constructed to perform the blood-plaque and blood-vessel wall interaction studies. An absorbing boundary condition (BC) is imposed directly on the outflow in order to cope with the spurious reflexions due to the truncation of the computational domain. The difference between the Newtonian and non-Newtonian effects is highlighted. It is shown that the von Mises and wall shear stresses are significantly affected according to the rigidity of the wall. The numerical results have shown that the risk of plaque rupture is higher in the case of a moving wall, while in the case of a fixed wall the risk of progression of the atheromatous plaque is higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oualid Kafi
- Dept. Math., IST, Univ. Lisboa and CEMAT, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Gonzalez L, Trigatti BL. Macrophage Apoptosis and Necrotic Core Development in Atherosclerosis: A Rapidly Advancing Field with Clinical Relevance to Imaging and Therapy. Can J Cardiol 2016; 33:303-312. [PMID: 28232016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent 1 of the main causes of death worldwide, and atherosclerosis is 1 of the major contributors leading to ischemic heart disease. Macrophages actively participate in all stages of atherosclerosis development, from plaque initiation to the transition to vulnerable plaques. Macrophage apoptosis, in particular, has been recognized as a critical step in the formation of the necrotic core, a key characteristic of unstable lesions. In this review, we discuss the role of macrophage apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells by efferocytosis in the development of atherosclerosis, with particular emphasis on their contribution to the development of the necrotic core and the clinical implications of this process for plaque stabilization. We consider the molecular triggers of macrophage apoptosis during atherogenesis, the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the roles of key cellular mediators of apoptosis and efferocytosis, and mechanisms of defective efferocytosis in the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Finally, we discuss the important clinical implications of rapidly evolving macrophage science, such as novel approaches to imaging vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques with macrophage-sensitive positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the role of macrophages in mediating beneficial pleiotropic actions of lipid-lowering therapies, and novel therapeutic modalities targeting ER stress, autophagy, and deficient efferocytosis. Advances in understanding the critical role of macrophages in the progression and destabilization of atherosclerosis have the potential to greatly improve the prevention and management of atherosclerotic diseases over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernardo Louis Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Fluselenamyl: A Novel Benzoselenazole Derivative for PET Detection of Amyloid Plaques (Aβ) in Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35636. [PMID: 27805057 PMCID: PMC5090206 DOI: 10.1038/srep35636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluselenamyl (5), a novel planar benzoselenazole shows traits desirable of enabling noninvasive imaging of Aβ pathophysiology in vivo; labeling of both diffuse (an earlier manifestation of neuritic plaques) and fibrillar plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain sections, and remarkable specificity for mapping Aβ compared with biomarker proteins of other neurodegenerative diseases. Employing AD homogenates, [18F]-9, a PET tracer demonstrates superior (2-10 fold higher) binding affinity than approved FDA tracers, while also indicating binding to high affinity site on Aβ plaques. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate high initial influx of [18F]-9 in normal mice brains accompanied by rapid clearance in the absence of targeted plaques. Following incubation in human serum, [18F]-9 indicates presence of parental compound up to 3h thus indicating its stability. Furthermore, in vitro autoradiography studies of [18F]-9 with AD brain tissue sections and ex vivo autoradiography studies in transgenic mouse brain sections show cortical Aβ binding, and a fair correlation with Aβ immunostaining. Finally, multiphoton- and microPET/CT imaging indicate its ability to penetrate brain and label parenchymal plaques in transgenic mice. Following further validation of its performance in other AD rodent models and nonhuman primates, Fluselenamyl could offer a platform technology for monitoring earliest stages of Aβ pathophysiology in vivo.
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50
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Qiao H, Wang Y, Zhang R, Gao Q, Liang X, Gao L, Jiang Z, Qiao R, Han D, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Tian J, Gao M, Cao F. MRI/optical dual-modality imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque with an osteopontin-targeted probe based on Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2016; 112:336-345. [PMID: 27788352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque is the major pathological cause of luminal thrombosis in acute coronary syndromes. Since foamy macrophages have been identified as a prominent component in vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions and osteopontin (OPN) is reported to be highly expressed in foamy macrophages, OPN could be a potential target for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque imaging. The current study designed an OPN-specific MRI/optical dual-modality probe to detect vulnerable plaques. Fluorescence imaging revealed that 24 h after injection of the Cy5.5-OPN-DMSA-MNPs (COD-MNPs), the atherosclerotic plaques in carotid artery exhibited significant higher signals in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice in comparison to the group injected with Cy5.5-IgG-DMSA-MNPs (CID-MNPs) or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (1.87 ± 0.19 × 1010 vs. 0.74 ± 0.04 × 1010, 0.73 ± 0.03 × 1010 p/sec/cm2/sr, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MRI displayed stronger T2 contrast enhancement 24 h post-injection at the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid of HFD fed group injected with COD-MNPs than group injected with CID-MNPs or normal diet fed group injected with COD-MNPs (post/pre signal ratio: 0.64 ± 0.04 vs. 0.95 ± 0.02, 0.98 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). As a dual-modality molecular probe, the resulting COD-MNPs conjugates exhibit promising potentials for noninvasive detection of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreto-Splenic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Laboratory of the Animal Center, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhenhua Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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