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Dong ZS, Zhang XR, Xue DZ, Liu JH, Yi F, Zhang YY, Xian FY, Qiao RY, Liu BY, Zhang HL, Wang C. FGF13 enhances the function of TRPV1 by stabilizing microtubules and regulates acute and chronic itch. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23661. [PMID: 38733310 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400096r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Itching is an aversive somatosensation that triggers the desire to scratch. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel proteins are key players in acute and chronic itch. However, whether the modulatory effect of fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) on acute and chronic itch is associated with TRP channel proteins is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that conditional knockout of Fgf13 in dorsal root ganglion neurons induced significant impairment in scratching behaviors in response to acute histamine-dependent and chronic dry skin itch models. Furthermore, FGF13 selectively regulated the function of the TRPV1, but not the TRPA1 channel on Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological recordings, as demonstrated by a significant reduction in neuronal excitability and current density induced by TRPV1 channel activation, whereas TRPA1 channel activation had no effect. Changes in channel currents were also verified in HEK cell lines. Subsequently, we observed that selective modulation of TRPV1 by FGF13 required its microtubule-stabilizing effect. Furthermore, in FGF13 knockout mice, only the overexpression of FGF13 with a tubulin-binding domain could rescue TRP channel function and the impaired itch behavior. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which FGF13 is involved in TRPV1-dependent itch transduction and provide valuable clues for alleviating pathological itch syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Rou Zhang
- Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Da-Zhong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yi-Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fu-Yu Xian
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruo-Yang Qiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bo-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Psychiatric Disease, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ransdell JL, Carrasquillo Y, Bosch MK, Mellor RL, Ornitz DM, Nerbonne JM. Loss of Intracellular Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (iFGF14) Increases the Excitability of Mature Hippocampal and Cortical Pyramidal Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.04.592532. [PMID: 38746081 PMCID: PMC11092765 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.04.592532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in FGF14 , which encodes intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (iFGF14), have been linked to spinocerebellar ataxia type 27 (SCA27), a multisystem disorder associated with progressive deficits in motor coordination and cognitive function. Mice ( Fgf14 -/- ) lacking iFGF14 display similar phenotypes, and we have previously shown that the deficits in motor coordination reflect reduced excitability of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, owing to the loss of iFGF14-mediated regulation of the voltage-dependence of inactivation of the fast transient component of the voltage-gated Na + (Nav) current, I NaT . Here, we present the results of experiments designed to test the hypothesis that loss of iFGF14 also attenuates the intrinsic excitability of mature hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons. Current-clamp recordings from adult mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute in vitro slices, however, revealed that repetitive firing rates were higher in Fgf14 -/- , than in wild type (WT), cells. In addition, the waveforms of individual action potentials were altered in Fgf14 -/- hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, and the loss of iFGF14 reduced the time delay between the initiation of axonal and somal action potentials. Voltage-clamp recordings revealed that the loss of iFGF14 altered the voltage-dependence of activation, but not inactivation, of I NaT in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Similar effects of the loss of iFGF14 on firing properties were evident in current-clamp recordings from layer 5 visual cortical pyramidal neurons. Additional experiments demonstrated that the loss of iFGF14 does not alter the distribution of anti-Nav1.6 or anti-ankyrin G immunofluorescence labeling intensity along the axon initial segments (AIS) of mature hippocampal CA1 or layer 5 visual cortical pyramidal neurons in situ . Taken together, the results demonstrate that, in contrast with results reported for neonatal (rat) hippocampal pyramidal neurons in dissociated cell culture, the loss of iFGF14 does not disrupt AIS architecture or Nav1.6 localization/distribution along the AIS of mature hippocampal (or cortical) pyramidal neurons in situ .
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Hall DD, Takeshima H, Song LS. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Junctophilin Family. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:123-147. [PMID: 37931168 PMCID: PMC10922073 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-014926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In both excitable and nonexcitable cells, diverse physiological processes are linked to different calcium microdomains within nanoscale junctions that form between the plasma membrane and endo-sarcoplasmic reticula. It is now appreciated that the junctophilin protein family is responsible for establishing, maintaining, and modulating the structure and function of these junctions. We review foundational findings from more than two decades of research that have uncovered how junctophilin-organized ultrastructural domains regulate evolutionarily conserved biological processes. We discuss what is known about the junctophilin family of proteins. Our goal is to summarize the current knowledge of junctophilin domain structure, function, and regulation and to highlight emerging avenues of research that help our understanding of the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation of this gene family and its roles in health and during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane D Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; ,
| | - Hiroshi Takeshima
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; ,
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Tomé D, Dias MS, Correia J, Almeida RD. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in axons: from development to disease. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:290. [PMID: 37845690 PMCID: PMC10577959 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family regulates various and important aspects of nervous system development, ranging from the well-established roles in neuronal patterning to more recent and exciting functions in axonal growth and synaptogenesis. In addition, FGFs play a critical role in axonal regeneration, particularly after spinal cord injury, confirming their versatile nature in the nervous system. Due to their widespread involvement in neural development, the FGF system also underlies several human neurological disorders. While particular attention has been given to FGFs in a whole-cell context, their effects at the axonal level are in most cases undervalued. Here we discuss the endeavor of the FGF system in axons, we delve into this neuronal subcompartment to provide an original view of this multipurpose family of growth factors in nervous system (dys)function. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tomé
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta S Dias
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Correia
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ramiro D Almeida
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Feng Y, Yang M, Fan Z, Zhao W, Kim P, Zhou X. COVIDanno, COVID-19 annotation in human. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1129103. [PMID: 37497545 PMCID: PMC10366449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1129103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has caused a global health crisis. Despite ongoing efforts to treat patients, there is no universal prevention or cure available. One of the feasible approaches will be identifying the key genes from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. SARS-CoV-2-infected in vitro model, allows easy control of the experimental conditions, obtaining reproducible results, and monitoring of infection progression. Currently, accumulating RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 in vitro models urgently needs systematic translation and interpretation. To fill this gap, we built COVIDanno, COVID-19 annotation in humans, available at http://biomedbdc.wchscu.cn/COVIDanno/. The aim of this resource is to provide a reference resource of intensive functional annotations of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among different time points of COVID-19 infection in human in vitro models. To do this, we performed differential expression analysis for 136 individual datasets across 13 tissue types. In total, we identified 4,935 DEGs. We performed multiple bioinformatics/computational biology studies for these DEGs. Furthermore, we developed a novel tool to help users predict the status of SARS-CoV-2 infection for a given sample. COVIDanno will be a valuable resource for identifying SARS-CoV-2-related genes and understanding their potential functional roles in different time points and multiple tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Feng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiling Zhao
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pora Kim
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Center for Computational Systems Medicine, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Moras E, Gandhi K, Narasimhan B, Brugada R, Brugada J, Brugada P, Krittanawong C. Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms in Brugada Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1791. [PMID: 37443825 PMCID: PMC10340412 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome is a rare hereditary arrhythmia disorder characterized by a distinctive electrocardiogram pattern and an elevated risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in young adults. Despite recent advances, it remains a complex condition, encompassing mechanisms, genetics, diagnosis, arrhythmia risk stratification, and management. The underlying electrophysiological mechanism of Brugada syndrome requires further investigation, with current theories focusing on abnormalities in repolarization, depolarization, and current-load match. The genetic basis of the syndrome is strong, with mutations found in genes encoding subunits of cardiac sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, as well as genes involved in channel trafficking and regulation. While the initial discovery of mutations in the SCN5A gene provided valuable insights, Brugada syndrome is now recognized as a multifactorial disease influenced by several loci and environmental factors, challenging the traditional autosomal dominant inheritance model. This comprehensive review aims to provide a current understanding of Brugada syndrome, focusing on its pathophysiology, genetic mechanisms, and novel models of risk stratification. Advancements in these areas hold the potential to facilitate earlier diagnosis, improve risk assessments, and enable more targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Errol Moras
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kruti Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bharat Narasimhan
- Debakey Cardiovascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiology, Cardiac Genetics Clinical Unit, Hospital Universitari Josep Trueta, Hospital Santa Caterina, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center and Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Girona-IdIBGi, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Brugada
- Cardiovascular Division, Free University of Brussels (UZ Brussel) VUB, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Medical Centre Prof. Brugada, B-9300 Aalst, Belgium
- Arrhythmia Unit, Helicopteros Sanitarios Hospital (HSH), Puerto Banús, 29603 Marbella, Spain
| | - Chayakrit Krittanawong
- Cardiology Division, NYU Langone Health and NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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7
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Identification of FGF13 as a Potential Biomarker and Target for Diagnosis of Impaired Glucose Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021807. [PMID: 36675322 PMCID: PMC9867186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early identification of pre-diabetes provides an opportunity for intervention and treatment to delay its progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to identify the biomarkers of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) through bioinformatics analysis. The GSE76896 dataset, including non-diabetic (ND), IGT, and T2DM clinical samples, was deeply analyzed to identify 309 Co-DEGs for IGT and T2DM. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated that inflammatory responses and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway are important patho-physiological features of IGT and T2DM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and cytoHubba technolgy identified seven hub genes: namely, CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL8, EDN1, FGF13, MMP1, and NGF. The expression and ROC curves of these hub genes were validated using the GSE38642 dataset. Through an immunofluorescence assay, we found that the expression of FGF13 in islets of mice in the HFD and T2DM groups was significantly lower than in the control group. Similarly, the level of FGF13 in the sera of IGT and T2DM patients was lower than that in the healthy group. Together, these results suggest that FGF13 can be treated as a novel biomarker of IGT, which may provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of pre-diabetes and T2DM.
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Guarina L, Moghbel AN, Pourhosseinzadeh MS, Cudmore RH, Sato D, Clancy CE, Santana LF. Biological noise is a key determinant of the reproducibility and adaptability of cardiac pacemaking and EC coupling. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213185. [PMID: 35482009 PMCID: PMC9059386 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Each heartbeat begins with the generation of an action potential in pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node. This signal triggers contraction of cardiac muscle through a process termed excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. EC coupling is initiated in dyadic structures of cardiac myocytes, where ryanodine receptors in the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum come into close apposition with clusters of CaV1.2 channels in invaginations of the sarcolemma. Cooperative activation of CaV1.2 channels within these clusters causes a local increase in intracellular Ca2+ that activates the juxtaposed ryanodine receptors. A salient feature of healthy cardiac function is the reliable and precise beat-to-beat pacemaking and amplitude of Ca2+ transients during EC coupling. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries suggesting that the exquisite reproducibility of this system emerges, paradoxically, from high variability at subcellular, cellular, and network levels. This variability is attributable to stochastic fluctuations in ion channel trafficking, clustering, and gating, as well as dyadic structure, which increase intracellular Ca2+ variance during EC coupling. Although the effects of these large, local fluctuations in function and organization are sometimes negligible at the macroscopic level owing to spatial-temporal summation within and across cells in the tissue, recent work suggests that the "noisiness" of these intracellular Ca2+ events may either enhance or counterintuitively reduce variability in a context-dependent manner. Indeed, these noisy events may represent distinct regulatory features in the tuning of cardiac contractility. Collectively, these observations support the importance of incorporating experimentally determined values of Ca2+ variance in all EC coupling models. The high reproducibility of cardiac contraction is a paradoxical outcome of high Ca2+ signaling variability at subcellular, cellular, and network levels caused by stochastic fluctuations in multiple processes in time and space. This underlying stochasticity, which counterintuitively manifests as reliable, consistent Ca2+ transients during EC coupling, also allows for rapid changes in cardiac rhythmicity and contractility in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guarina
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Ariana Neelufar Moghbel
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | | | - Robert H Cudmore
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
| | - Luis Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA
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Rivaud MR, Delmar M, Remme CA. Heritable arrhythmia syndromes associated with abnormal cardiac sodium channel function: ionic and non-ionic mechanisms. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1557-1570. [PMID: 32251506 PMCID: PMC7341171 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5, encoded by the SCN5A gene, is responsible for the fast upstroke of the action potential. Mutations in SCN5A may cause sodium channel dysfunction by decreasing peak sodium current, which slows conduction and facilitates reentry-based arrhythmias, and by enhancing late sodium current, which prolongs the action potential and sets the stage for early afterdepolarization and arrhythmias. Yet, some NaV1.5-related disorders, in particular structural abnormalities, cannot be directly or solely explained on the basis of defective NaV1.5 expression or biophysics. An emerging concept that may explain the large disease spectrum associated with SCN5A mutations centres around the multifunctionality of the NaV1.5 complex. In this alternative view, alterations in NaV1.5 affect processes that are independent of its canonical ion-conducting role. We here propose a novel classification of NaV1.5 (dys)function, categorized into (i) direct ionic effects of sodium influx through NaV1.5 on membrane potential and consequent action potential generation, (ii) indirect ionic effects of sodium influx on intracellular homeostasis and signalling, and (iii) non-ionic effects of NaV1.5, independent of sodium influx, through interactions with macromolecular complexes within the different microdomains of the cardiomyocyte. These indirect ionic and non-ionic processes may, acting alone or in concert, contribute significantly to arrhythmogenesis. Hence, further exploration of these multifunctional effects of NaV1.5 is essential for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde R Rivaud
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meigberdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Delmar
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 E 30th St, NSB 707, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC (location AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meigberdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhou M, Chen J, Meng K, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Lu P, Feng Y, Huang M, Dong Q, Li X, Tian H. Production of bioactive recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 12 using a new transient expression vector in E. coli and its neuroprotective effects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5419-5431. [PMID: 34244814 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) plays important roles in regulating neural development and function. Importantly, changes of FGF12 expression are thought to be related to the pathophysiology of many neurological diseases. However, little research has been performed to explore the protective effect of FGF12 on nerve damage. This study aims to explore its neuroprotective effects using our recombinant humanized FGF12 (rhFGF12). The hFGF12 gene was cloned and ligated into an expression vector to construct a recombinant plasmid pET-3a-hFGF12. Single colonies were screened to obtain high expression engineering strains, and fermentation and purification protocols for rhFGF12 were designed and optimized. The biological activities and related mechanisms of rhFGF12 were investigated by MTT assay using NIH3T3 and PC12 cell lines. The in vitro neurotoxicity model of H2O2-induced oxidative injury in PC12 cells was established to explore the protective effects of rhFGF12. The results indicate that the beneficial effects of rhFGF12 were most likely achieved by promoting cell proliferation and reducing apoptosis. Moreover, a transgenic zebrafish (islet) with strong GFP fluorescence in the motor neurons of the hindbrain was used to establish a central injury model caused by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The results suggested that rhFGF12 could ameliorate central injury induced by MMF in zebrafish. In conclusion, we have established an efficient method to express and purify active rhFGF12 using an Escherichia coli expression system. Besides, rhFGF12 plays a protective effect of on nerve damage, and it provides a promising therapeutic approach for nerve injury. KEY POINTS: • Effective expression and purification of bioactive rhFGF12 protein in E. coli. • ERK/MAPK pathway is involved in rhFGF12-stimulated proliferation on PC12 cells. • The rhFGF12 has the neuroprotective effects by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jiangfei Chen
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Kuikui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Panyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yongjun Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Mai Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Qiaoxiang Dong
- Institute of Environmental Safety and Human Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Haishan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
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11
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Khosravi F, Ahmadvand N, Bellusci S, Sauer H. The Multifunctional Contribution of FGF Signaling to Cardiac Development, Homeostasis, Disease and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:672935. [PMID: 34095143 PMCID: PMC8169986 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.672935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current focus on cardiovascular research reflects society’s concerns regarding the alarming incidence of cardiac-related diseases and mortality in the industrialized world and, notably, an urgent need to combat them by more efficient therapies. To pursue these therapeutic approaches, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action for multifunctional fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in the biology of the heart is a matter of high importance. The roles of FGFs in heart development range from outflow tract formation to the proliferation of cardiomyocytes and the formation of heart chambers. In the context of cardiac regeneration, FGFs 1, 2, 9, 16, 19, and 21 mediate adaptive responses including restoration of cardiac contracting rate after myocardial infarction and reduction of myocardial infarct size. However, cardiac complications in human diseases are correlated with pathogenic effects of FGF ligands and/or FGF signaling impairment. FGFs 2 and 23 are involved in maladaptive responses such as cardiac hypertrophic, fibrotic responses and heart failure. Among FGFs with known causative (FGFs 2, 21, and 23) or protective (FGFs 2, 15/19, 16, and 21) roles in cardiac diseases, FGFs 15/19, 21, and 23 display diagnostic potential. The effective role of FGFs on the induction of progenitor stem cells to cardiac cells during development has been employed to boost the limited capacity of postnatal cardiac repair. To renew or replenish damaged cardiomyocytes, FGFs 1, 2, 10, and 16 were tested in (induced-) pluripotent stem cell-based approaches and for stimulation of cell cycle re-entry in adult cardiomyocytes. This review will shed light on the wide range of beneficiary and detrimental actions mediated by FGF ligands and their receptors in the heart, which may open new therapeutic avenues for ameliorating cardiac complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Khosravi
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Du Y, Ma J, Wang Y, Zhu J, Li Y, Meng Q, Lin Y. MiR-421 regulates goat intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation via targeting FGF13. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 33:1333-1343. [PMID: 33914665 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1898414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As a member of the MicroRNA s (miRNAs) family, miR-421 has been widely studied in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells a. However, there are still no reports on miR-421 in regulating adipocyte differentiation and its related mechanisms. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of miR-421 in goat intramuscular preadipocytes (P_IMA). The expression level of miR-421 was measured via quantitative real-time PCR during goat P_IMA differentiation. And the effects of miR-421 on goat P_IMA differentiation were studied by liposome transfection, Oil red O staining and qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the miR-421 target was searched and the underlying mechanism was clarified by luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiment. Our results showed that inhibition of miR-421 could accumulation of lipid droplets by upregulation the expression level of AP2, LPL, C/EBPα and SREBP1. Further studies showed that fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) was the direct target of miR-421. Knocking down of FGF13 expression could inhibit lipid droplet formation and down-regulated the expression of key adipogenic regulatory genes. In addition, the rescue experiment revealed that FGF13 is involved in miR-421-induced differentiation of goat P_IMA as a key factor. Overall, these findings indicate that miR-421 is a negative regulator in the progression of differentiation of goat P_IMA by inhibiting the expression of FGF13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieqiong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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13
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Leek CC, Soulas JM, Sullivan AL, Killian ML. Using tools in mechanobiology to repair tendons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:31-40. [PMID: 33585822 DOI: 10.1007/s43152-020-00005-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to describe the mechanobiological mechanisms of tendon repair as well as outline current and emerging tools in mechanobiology that might be useful for improving tendon healing and regeneration. Over 30 million musculoskeletal injuries are reported in the US per year and nearly 50% involve soft tissue injuries to tendons and ligaments. Yet current therapeutic strategies for treating tendon injuries are not always successful in regenerating and returning function of the healing tendon. Recent findings The use of rehabilitative strategies to control the motion and transmission of mechanical loads to repairing tendons following surgical reattachment is beneficial for some, but not all, tendon repairs. Scaffolds that are designed to recapitulate properties of developing tissues show potential to guide the mechanical and biological healing of tendon following rupture. The incorporation of biomaterials to control alignment and reintegration, as well as promote scar-less healing, are also promising. Improving our understanding of damage thresholds for resident cells and how these cells respond to bioelectrical cues may offer promising steps forward in the field of tendon regeneration. Summary The field of orthopaedics continues to advance and improve with the development of regenerative approaches for musculoskeletal injuries, especially for tendon, and deeper exploration in this area will lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor C Leek
- College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5 Innovation Way, Suite 200, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Jaclyn M Soulas
- College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5 Innovation Way, Suite 200, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716.,College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Biosciences, 531 South College Avenue, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Anna Lia Sullivan
- College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5 Innovation Way, Suite 200, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716.,College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Biosciences, 531 South College Avenue, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Megan L Killian
- College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5 Innovation Way, Suite 200, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716.,College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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14
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Abrams J, Roybal D, Chakouri N, Katchman AN, Weinberg R, Yang L, Chen BX, Zakharov SI, Hennessey JA, Avula UMR, Diaz J, Wang C, Wan EY, Pitt GS, Ben-Johny M, Marx SO. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors tune arrhythmogenic late NaV1.5 current in calmodulin binding-deficient channels. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141736. [PMID: 32870823 PMCID: PMC7566708 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin has emerged as a pivotal player in tuning Na+ channel function, although its impact in vivo remains to be resolved. Here, we identify the role of calmodulin and the NaV1.5 interactome in regulating late Na+ current in cardiomyocytes. We created transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of human NaV1.5 channels with alanine substitutions for the IQ motif (IQ/AA). The mutations rendered the channels incapable of binding calmodulin to the C-terminus. The IQ/AA transgenic mice exhibited normal ventricular repolarization without arrhythmias and an absence of increased late Na+ current. In comparison, transgenic mice expressing a lidocaine-resistant (F1759A) human NaV1.5 demonstrated increased late Na+ current and prolonged repolarization in cardiomyocytes, with spontaneous arrhythmias. To determine regulatory factors that prevent late Na+ current for the IQ/AA mutant channel, we considered fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), which are within the NaV1.5 proteomic subdomain shown by proximity labeling in transgenic mice expressing NaV1.5 conjugated to ascorbate peroxidase. We found that FGF13 diminished late current of the IQ/AA but not F1759A mutant cardiomyocytes, suggesting that endogenous FHFs may serve to prevent late Na+ current in mouse cardiomyocytes. Leveraging endogenous mechanisms may furnish an alternative avenue for developing novel pharmacology that selectively blunts late Na+ current.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nourdine Chakouri
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Lin Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Johanna Diaz
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chaojian Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey S. Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manu Ben-Johny
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven O. Marx
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology, and
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15
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Sun J, Niu C, Ye W, An N, Chen G, Huang X, Wang J, Chen X, Shen Y, Huang S, Wang Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Jin L, Cong W, Li X. FGF13 Is a Novel Regulator of NF-κB and Potentiates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. iScience 2020; 23:101627. [PMID: 33089113 PMCID: PMC7567043 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF13 is an intracellular FGF factor. Its role in cardiomyopathies has been rarely investigated. We revealed that endogenous FGF13 is up-regulated in cardiac hypertrophy accompanied by increased nuclear localization. The upregulation of FGF13 plays a deteriorating role both in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes and mouse hearts. Mechanistically, FGF13 directly interacts with p65 by its nuclear localization sequence and co-localizes with p65 in the nucleus in cardiac hypertrophy. FGF13 deficiency inhibits NF-κB activation in ISO-treated NRCMs and TAC-surgery mouse hearts, whereas FGF13 overexpression shows the opposite trend. Moreover, FGF13 overexpression alone is sufficient to activate NF-κB in cardiomyocytes. The interaction between FGF13 and p65 or the effects of FGF13 on NF-κB have nothing to do with IκB. Together, an IκB-independent mechanism for NF-κB regulation has been revealed in cardiomyocytes both under basal and stressful conditions, suggesting the promising application of FGF13 as a therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Endogenous FGF13 is up-regulated in cardiomyocytes under pressure overload FGF13 directly interacts with p65 Forced FGF13 overexpression activates NF-κB in cardiomyocytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weijian Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ning An
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yingjie Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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16
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Park DS, Shekhar A, Santucci J, Redel-Traub G, Solinas S, Mintz S, Lin X, Chang EW, Narke D, Xia Y, Goldfarb M, Fishman GI. Ionic Mechanisms of Impulse Propagation Failure in the FHF2-Deficient Heart. Circ Res 2020; 127:1536-1548. [PMID: 32962518 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE FHFs (fibroblast growth factor homologous factors) are key regulators of sodium channel (NaV) inactivation. Mutations in these critical proteins have been implicated in human diseases including Brugada syndrome, idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias, and epileptic encephalopathy. The underlying ionic mechanisms by which reduced Nav availability in Fhf2 knockout (Fhf2KO) mice predisposes to abnormal excitability at the tissue level are not well defined. OBJECTIVE Using animal models and theoretical multicellular linear strands, we examined how FHF2 orchestrates the interdependency of sodium, calcium, and gap junctional conductances to safeguard cardiac conduction. METHODS AND RESULTS Fhf2KO mice were challenged by reducing calcium conductance (gCaV) using verapamil or by reducing gap junctional conductance (Gj) using carbenoxolone or by backcrossing into a cardiomyocyte-specific Cx43 (connexin 43) heterozygous background. All conditions produced conduction block in Fhf2KO mice, with Fhf2 wild-type (Fhf2WT) mice showing normal impulse propagation. To explore the ionic mechanisms of block in Fhf2KO hearts, multicellular linear strand models incorporating FHF2-deficient Nav inactivation properties were constructed and faithfully recapitulated conduction abnormalities seen in mutant hearts. The mechanisms of conduction block in mutant strands with reduced gCaV or diminished Gj are very different. Enhanced Nav inactivation due to FHF2 deficiency shifts dependence onto calcium current (ICa) to sustain electrotonic driving force, axial current flow, and action potential (AP) generation from cell-to-cell. In the setting of diminished Gj, slower charging time from upstream cells conspires with accelerated Nav inactivation in mutant strands to prevent sufficient downstream cell charging for AP propagation. CONCLUSIONS FHF2-dependent effects on Nav inactivation ensure adequate sodium current (INa) reserve to safeguard against numerous threats to reliable cardiac impulse propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Park
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Akshay Shekhar
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine.,Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY (A.S.)
| | - John Santucci
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Gabriel Redel-Traub
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Sergio Solinas
- University of Zurich, Institute of Neuroinformatics, Switzerland (S.S.).,Hunter College of City University, Department of Biological Sciences, New York (S.S., M.G.)
| | - Shana Mintz
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Xianming Lin
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Ernest Whanwook Chang
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Deven Narke
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Yuhe Xia
- Department of Population Health (Y.X.), New York University School of Medicine
| | - Mitchell Goldfarb
- Hunter College of City University, Department of Biological Sciences, New York (S.S., M.G.)
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology (D.S.P., A.S., J.S., G.R.-T., S.M., X.L., E.W.C., D.N., G.I.F.), New York University School of Medicine
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17
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Tong DL, Kempsell KE, Szakmany T, Ball G. Development of a Bioinformatics Framework for Identification and Validation of Genomic Biomarkers and Key Immunopathology Processes and Controllers in Infectious and Non-infectious Severe Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:380. [PMID: 32318053 PMCID: PMC7147506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as dysregulated host response caused by systemic infection, leading to organ failure. It is a life-threatening condition, often requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The causative agents and processes involved are multifactorial but are characterized by an overarching inflammatory response, sharing elements in common with severe inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) of non-infectious origin. Sepsis presents with a range of pathophysiological and genetic features which make clinical differentiation from SIRS very challenging. This may reflect a poor understanding of the key gene inter-activities and/or pathway associations underlying these disease processes. Improved understanding is critical for early differential recognition of sepsis and SIRS and to improve patient management and clinical outcomes. Judicious selection of gene biomarkers suitable for development of diagnostic tests/testing could make differentiation of sepsis and SIRS feasible. Here we describe a methodologic framework for the identification and validation of biomarkers in SIRS, sepsis and septic shock patients, using a 2-tier gene screening, artificial neural network (ANN) data mining technique, using previously published gene expression datasets. Eight key hub markers have been identified which may delineate distinct, core disease processes and which show potential for informing underlying immunological and pathological processes and thus patient stratification and treatment. These do not show sufficient fold change differences between the different disease states to be useful as primary diagnostic biomarkers, but are instrumental in identifying candidate pathways and other associated biomarkers for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ling Tong
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, First City University College, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.,School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Kempsell
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Szakmany
- Department of Anaesthesia Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Ball
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Li Q, Zhai Z, Li J. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are potential ion channel modifiers associated with cardiac arrhythmias. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172920. [PMID: 31935396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Stable electrical activity in cardiac myocytes is the basis of maintaining normal myocardial systolic and diastolic function. Cardiac ionic currents and their associated regulatory proteins are crucial to myocyte excitability and heart function. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are intracellular noncanonical fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that are incapable of activating FGF receptors. The main functions of FHFs are to regulate ion channels and influence excitability, which are processes involved in sustaining normal cardiac function. In addition to their regulatory effect on ion channels, FHFs can be regulators of cardiac hypertrophic signaling and alter signaling pathways, including the protein kinase, NF<kappa>B, and p53 pathways, which are related to the pathological processes of heart diseases. This review emphasizes FHF-mediated regulation of cardiac excitability and the association of FHFs with cardiac arrhythmias and explores the idea that abnormal FHFs may be an unrecognized cause of cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Juxiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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19
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Sinden DS, Holman CD, Bare CJ, Sun X, Gade AR, Cohen DE, Pitt GS. Knockout of the X-linked Fgf13 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus impairs sympathetic output to brown fat and causes obesity. FASEB J 2019; 33:11579-11594. [PMID: 31339804 PMCID: PMC6994920 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)13, a nonsecreted, X-linked, FGF homologous factor, is differentially expressed in adipocytes in response to diet, yet Fgf13's role in metabolism has not been explored. Heterozygous Fgf13 knockouts fed normal chow and housed at 22°C showed hyperactivity accompanying reduced core temperature and obesity when housed at 30°C. Those heterozygous knockouts showed defects in thermogenesis even at 30°C and an inability to protect core temperature. Surprisingly, we detected trivial FGF13 in adipose of wild-type mice fed normal chow and no obesity in adipose-specific heterozygous knockouts housed at 30°C, and we detected an intact brown fat response through exogenous β3 agonist stimulation, suggesting a defect in sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue. In contrast, hypothalamic-specific ablation of Fgf13 recapitulated weight gain at 30°C. Norepinephrine turnover in brown fat was reduced at both housing temperatures. Thus, our data suggest that impaired CNS regulation of sympathetic activation of brown fat underlies obesity and thermogenesis in Fgf13 heterozygous knockouts fed normal chow.-Sinden, D. S., Holman, C. D., Bare, C. J., Sun, X., Gade, A. R., Cohen, D. E., Pitt, G. S. Knockout of the X-linked Fgf13 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus impairs sympathetic output to brown fat and causes obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Sinden
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Corey D. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Curtis J. Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aravind R. Gade
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geoffrey S. Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Lin H, Lu P, Zhou M, Wu F, Weng L, Meng K, Yang D, Li S, Jiang C, Tian H. Purification of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 13 in E. coli and its molecular mechanism of mitogenesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7017-7027. [PMID: 31289905 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 13, a member of the FGF11 subfamily, is a kind of intracrine protein similar to other family members including FGF11, FGF12, and FGF14. Unlike classical FGF, FGF13 exerts its bioactivities independent of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs). However, the effect of exogenous administration of FGF13 still remains further investigated. In the present study, we established an Escherichia coli expression system for the large-scale production of FGF13 and then obtained two isoform proteins including recombinant human FGF13A (rhFGF13A) and rhFGF13B with a purity greater than 90% by column chromatography, respectively. Otherwise, soluble analysis indicated that both rhFGF13A and rhFGF13B expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS were soluble. Furthermore, cellular-based experiments demonstrated that rhFGF13A, rather than rhFGF13B, could promote the proliferation of NIH3T3 cells in the presence of heparin. Mechanistically, the mitogenic effect of FGF13 was mediated by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not p38. Moreover, blockage of FGFRs also significantly attenuated the mitogenic effects of rhFGF13A, implying that FGFRs are still related to FGF13. Thus, our research shows that exogenous FGF13 can act as secreted FGF to participate in cell signal transmission and heparin is still required as an ancillary cofactor for the mitogenic effects of FGF13, which may help people to discover more potential functions of FGF13 in cell life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Panyu Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fenfang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuikui Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Biomedicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Haishan Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Heras-Bautista CO, Mikhael N, Lam J, Shinde V, Katsen-Globa A, Dieluweit S, Molcanyi M, Uvarov V, Jütten P, Sahito RG, Mederos-Henry F, Piechot A, Brockmeier K, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Pfannkuche K. Cardiomyocytes facing fibrotic conditions re-express extracellular matrix transcripts. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:180-192. [PMID: 30862552 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiological conditions, such as myocardial infarction and mechanical overload affect the mammalian heart integrity, leading to a stiffened fibrotic tissue. With respect to the pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis but also in the limelight of upcoming approaches of cardiac cell therapy it is of interest to decipher the interaction of cardiomyocytes with fibrotic matrix. Therefore, we designed a hydrogel-based model to engineer fibrotic tissue in vitro as an approach to predict the behavior of cardiomyocytes facing increased matrix rigidity. Here, we generated pure induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and cultured them on engineered polyacrylamide hydrogels matching the elasticities of healthy as well as fibrotic cardiac tissue. Only in cardiomyocytes cultured on matrices with fibrotic-like elasticity, transcriptional profiling revealed a substantial up-regulation of a whole panel of cardiac fibrosis-associated transcripts, including collagen I and III, decorin, lumican, and periostin. In addition, matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, known to be essential in cardiac remodeling, were found to be elevated as well as insulin-like growth factor 2. Control experiments with primary cardiac fibroblasts were analyzed and did not show comparable behavior. In conclusion, we do not only present a snapshot on the transcriptomic fingerprint alterations in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions but also provide a new reproducible approach to study the effects of fibrotic environments to various cell types. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ageing population in many western countries is faced with an increasing burden of ageing-related diseases such as heart failure which is associated with cardiac fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the interaction of organotypic cells with altered extracellular matrix mechanical properties is of pivotal importance to understand the underlying mechanisms. Here, we present a strategy to combine hydrogel matrices with induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes to study the effect of matrix stiffening on these cells. Our findings suggest an active role of matrix stiffening on cardiomyocyte function and heart failure progression.
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22
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Basheer WA, Shaw RM. Connexin 43 and CaV1.2 Ion Channel Trafficking in Healthy and Diseased Myocardium. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2018; 9:e001357. [PMID: 27266274 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wassim A Basheer
- From the Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (W.A.B., R.M.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (R.M.S.)
| | - Robin M Shaw
- From the Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (W.A.B., R.M.S.); and Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (R.M.S.).
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23
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Carreón-Garcidueñas M, Godínez-Hernández D, Alvarado-Gómez N, Ortega-Varela LF, Cervantes-Durán C, Gauthereau-Torres MY. Participation of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels in the acute cardiac effects of toluene. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:670-677. [PMID: 29925288 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1491664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhaling solvents can lead to occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden sniffing death. Mechanisms related to this phenomenon are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute toluene exposure on heart reactivity to epinephrine and the participation of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. We found that acute toluene exposure increased perfusion pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, and heart rate. These actions were inhibited by lidocaine and nifedipine. Our results suggest that acute toluene exposure modify voltage-gated sodium and calcium channel function and expression likely due to a cardiac adrenergic mechanism and these effects could be participating, at least in part, in the presence of cardiac arrhythmias. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to establish a direct participation of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, toluene and epinephrine on cardiac function in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carreón-Garcidueñas
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Edif. B-3, Ciudad Universitaria , Morelia , Mexico
| | - D Godínez-Hernández
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Edif. B-3, Ciudad Universitaria , Morelia , Mexico
| | - N Alvarado-Gómez
- a Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Edif. B-3, Ciudad Universitaria , Morelia , Mexico
| | - L F Ortega-Varela
- b Escuela de Enfermería y Salud Pública , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia , Mexico
| | - C Cervantes-Durán
- c Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez" , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Dr. Rafael Carrillo esquina Dr. Salvador González Herrejón, Col. Bosque Cuauhtémoc , Morelia , Mexico
| | - M Y Gauthereau-Torres
- c Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas "Dr. Ignacio Chávez" , Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Dr. Rafael Carrillo esquina Dr. Salvador González Herrejón, Col. Bosque Cuauhtémoc , Morelia , Mexico
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24
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Mangold KE, Brumback BD, Angsutararux P, Voelker TL, Zhu W, Kang PW, Moreno JD, Silva JR. Mechanisms and models of cardiac sodium channel inactivation. Channels (Austin) 2017; 11:517-533. [PMID: 28837385 PMCID: PMC5786193 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1369637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Shortly after cardiac Na+ channels activate and initiate the action potential, inactivation ensues within milliseconds, attenuating the peak Na+ current, INa, and allowing the cell membrane to repolarize. A very limited number of Na+ channels that do not inactivate carry a persistent INa, or late INa. While late INa is only a small fraction of peak magnitude, it significantly prolongs ventricular action potential duration, which predisposes patients to arrhythmia. Here, we review our current understanding of inactivation mechanisms, their regulation, and how they have been modeled computationally. Based on this body of work, we conclude that inactivation and its connection to late INa would be best modeled with a "feet-on-the-door" approach where multiple channel components participate in determining inactivation and late INa. This model reflects experimental findings showing that perturbation of many channel locations can destabilize inactivation and cause pathological late INa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Mangold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brittany D. Brumback
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paweorn Angsutararux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taylor L. Voelker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Po Wei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Li Q, Zhao Y, Wu G, Chen S, Zhou Y, Li S, Zhou M, Fan Q, Pu J, Hong K, Cheng X, Kenneth Wang Q, Tu X. De Novo FGF12 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 12) Functional Variation Is Potentially Associated With Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006130. [PMID: 28775062 PMCID: PMC5586455 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a type of cardiac arrhythmia occurring in structurally normal hearts. The heritability of idiopathic VT remains to be clarified, and numerous genetic factors responsible for development of idiopathic VT are as yet unclear. Variations in FGF12 (fibroblast growth factor 12), which is expressed in the human ventricle and modulates the cardiac Na+ channel NaV1.5, may play an important role in the genetic pathogenesis of VT. Methods and Results We tested the hypothesis that genetic variations in FGF12 are associated with VT in 2 independent Chinese cohorts and resequenced all the exons and exon–intron boundaries and the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of FGF12 in 320 unrelated participants with idiopathic VT. For population‐based case–control association studies, we chose 3 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms—rs1460922, rs4687326, and rs2686464—which included all the exons of FGF12. The results showed that the single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs1460922 in FGF12 was significantly associated with VT after adjusting for covariates of sex and age in 2 independent Chinese populations: adjusted P=0.015 (odds ratio: 1.54 [95% CI, 1.09–2.19]) in the discovery sample, adjusted P=0.018 (odds ratio: 1.64 [95% CI, 1.09–2.48]) in the replication sample, and adjusted P=2.52E‐04 (odds ratio: 1.59 [95% CI, 1.24–2.03]) in the combined sample. After resequencing all amino acid coding regions and untranslated regions of FGF12, 5 rare variations were identified. The result of western blotting revealed that a de novo functional variation, p.P211Q (1.84% of 163 patients with right ventricular outflow tract VT), could downregulate FGF12 expression significantly. Conclusions In this study, we observed that rs1460922 of FGF12 was significantly associated with VT and identified that a de novo variation of FGF12 may be an important genetic risk factor for the pathogenesis of VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei Province, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Fan
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jielin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- The Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Kenneth Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China .,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Ye SB, Zhang H, Cai TT, Liu YN, Ni JJ, He J, Peng JY, Chen QY, Mo HY, Jun-Cui, Zhang XS, Zeng YX, Li J. Exosomal miR-24-3p impedes T-cell function by targeting FGF11 and serves as a potential prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Pathol 2017; 240:329-340. [PMID: 27538493 DOI: 10.1002/path.4781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that extracellular microRNAs are not only potential biomarkers but are also involved in cell interactions to regulate the intercommunication between cancer cells and their microenvironments in various types of malignancies. In this study, we isolated exosomes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines and patient sera (T-EXOs), or control NP69 cells and healthy donor sera (HD-EXOs). We found that miR-24-3p was markedly enriched in T-EXOs as compared with HD-EXOs; the serum exosomal miR-24-3p level was correlated with worse disease-free survival of patients (p < 0.05). Knockdown of exosomal miR-24-3p (miR-24-3p-sponge-T-EXOs) by a sponge RNA targeting miR-24-3p restored the T-EXO-mediated (control-sponge-T-EXO) inhibition of T-cell proliferation and Th1 and Th17 differentiation, and the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistic analyses revealed that administration of exosomal miR-24-3p increased P-ERK, P-STAT1 and P-STAT3 expression while decreasing P-STAT5 expression during T-cell proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, by in vivo and in vitro assessments, we found FGF11 to be a direct target of miR-24-3p. However, both miR-24-3p-sponge-T-EXOs and T-EXOs (control-sponge-T-EXOs) impeded proliferation and Th1 and Th17 differentiation, but induced Treg differentiation, of lenti-shFGF11-transfected T cells. The levels of phosphorylated ERK and STAT proteins were different in lenti-ScshRNA-transfected T cells and lenti-shFGF11-transfected T cells following administration of miR-24-3p-sponge-T-EXO. Interestingly, tumour FGF11 expression was positively correlated with the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vivo, and predicted favourable patient DFS (p < 0.05). Additionally, hypoxia increased cellular and exosomal miR-24-3p levels and enhanced the inhibitory effect of T-EXO on T-cell proliferation and differentiation. Collectively, our findings suggest that exosomal miR-24-3p is involved in tumour pathogenesis by mediating T-cell suppression via repression of FGF11, and may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in NPC. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Biao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian-Jiao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jing-Yun Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao-Yuan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun-Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Shi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, PR China. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China. .,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, PR China.
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27
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Wei EQ, Sinden DS, Mao L, Zhang H, Wang C, Pitt GS. Inducible Fgf13 ablation enhances caveolae-mediated cardioprotection during cardiac pressure overload. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4010-E4019. [PMID: 28461495 PMCID: PMC5441822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616393114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factor FGF13, a noncanonical FGF, has been best characterized as a voltage-gated Na+ channel auxiliary subunit. Other cellular functions have been suggested, but not explored. In inducible, cardiac-specific Fgf13 knockout mice, we found-even in the context of the expected reduction in Na+ channel current-an unanticipated protection from the maladaptive hypertrophic response to pressure overload. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we searched for components of the FGF13 interactome in cardiomyocytes and discovered the complete set of the cavin family of caveolar coat proteins. Detailed biochemical investigations showed that FGF13 acts as a negative regulator of caveolae abundance in cardiomyocytes by controlling the relative distribution of cavin 1 between the sarcolemma and cytosol. In cardiac-specific Fgf13 knockout mice, cavin 1 redistribution to the sarcolemma stabilized the caveolar structural protein caveolin 3. The consequent increase in caveolae density afforded protection against pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction by two mechanisms: (i) enhancing cardioprotective signaling pathways enriched in caveolae, and (ii) increasing the caveolar membrane reserve available to buffer membrane tension. Thus, our results uncover unexpected roles for a FGF homologous factor and establish FGF13 as a regulator of caveolae-mediated mechanoprotection and adaptive hypertrophic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Q Wei
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Daniel S Sinden
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
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28
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Knowles HJ. Hypoxia-Induced Fibroblast Growth Factor 11 Stimulates Osteoclast-Mediated Resorption of Bone. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:382-391. [PMID: 28097375 PMCID: PMC5336535 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over-activation of osteoclasts is directly responsible for pathological bone loss in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer metastasis to bone. Hypoxia is a common feature of these conditions, associated with poor prognosis, which also stimulates osteoclast-mediated bone resorption via induction of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α. Here, we investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) on osteoclast function. FGF11 is an intracellular FGF that was induced both by hypoxia (2% O2, p < 0.01) and by inhibition of the HIF-regulating prolyl hydroxylase enzymes (CoCl2, p < 0.001) in osteoclasts. Isoform-specific siRNA demonstrated that the induction of Fgf11 mRNA expression by hypoxia is HIF-1α-dependent (p < 0.01). Hypoxic stimulation of bone resorption was inhibited in osteoclasts treated with siRNA targeting FGF11 (p < 0.05). This was at least partially due to reduced secretion of an unidentified pro-resorptive factor downstream of FGF11. FGF11 expression within hypoxic, resorbing osteoclasts co-localised with microtubule-associated alpha-tubulin. FGF11 was also abundantly expressed in osteoclasts within the rheumatoid synovium and in giant cell tumour of bone. This study suggests FGF11 as a novel factor driving pathological bone resorption in osteolytic disease and as a potential target for the development of new anti-resorptive therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Knowles
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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29
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Wang X, Tang H, Wei EQ, Wang Z, Yang J, Yang R, Wang S, Zhang Y, Pitt GS, Zhang H, Wang C. Conditional knockout of Fgf13 in murine hearts increases arrhythmia susceptibility and reveals novel ion channel modulatory roles. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 104:63-74. [PMID: 28119060 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular fibroblast growth factors (iFGF/FHFs) bind directly to cardiac voltage gated Na+ channels, and modulate their function. Mutations that affect iFGF/FHF-Na+ channel interaction are associated with arrhythmia syndromes. Although suspected to modulate other ionic currents, such as Ca2+ channels based on acute knockdown experiments in isolated cardiomyocytes, the in vivo consequences of iFGF/FHF gene ablation on cardiac electrical activity are still unknown. We generated inducible, cardiomyocyte-restricted Fgf13 knockout mice to determine the resultant effects of Fgf13 gene ablation. Patch clamp recordings from ventricular myocytes isolated from Fgf13 knockout mice showed a ~25% reduction in peak Na+ channel current density and a hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation. Electrocardiograms on Fgf13 knockout mice showed a prolonged QRS duration. The Na+ channel blocker flecainide further prolonged QRS duration and triggered ventricular tachyarrhythmias only in Fgf13 knockout mice, suggesting that arrhythmia vulnerability resulted, at least in part, from a loss of functioning Na+ channels. Consistent with these effects on Na+ channels, action potentials in Fgf13 knockout mice, compared to Cre control mice, exhibited slower upstrokes and reduced amplitude, but unexpectedly had longer durations. We investigated candidate sources of the prolonged action potential durations in myocytes from Fgf13 knockout mice and found a reduction of the transient outward K+ current (Ito). Fgf13 knockout did not alter whole-cell protein levels of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3, the Ito pore-forming subunits, but did decrease Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 at the sarcolemma. No changes were seen in the sustained outward K+ current or voltage-gated Ca2+ current, other candidate contributors to the increased action potential duration. These results implicate that FGF13 is a critical cardiac Na+ channel modulator and Fgf13 knockout mice have increased arrhythmia susceptibility in the setting of Na+ channel blockade. The unanticipated effect on Ito revealed new FGF13 properties and the unexpected lack of an effect on voltage-gated Ca2+ channels highlight potential compensatory changes in vivo not readily revealed with acute Fgf13 knockdown in cultured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - He Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Eric Q Wei
- Ion Channel Research Unit, Department of Medicine/Cardiology and Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yongjian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Ion Channel Research Unit, Department of Medicine/Cardiology and Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, China, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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Development of the cardiac conduction system in zebrafish. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 21:89-96. [PMID: 27593944 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system (CCS) propagates and coordinates the electrical excitation that originates from the pacemaker cells, throughout the heart, resulting in rhythmic heartbeat. Its defects result in life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Understanding of the factors involved in the formation and function of the CCS remains incomplete. By transposon assisted transgenesis, we have developed enhancer trap (ET) lines of zebrafish that express fluorescent protein in the pacemaker cells at the sino-atrial node (SAN) and the atrio-ventricular region (AVR), termed CCS transgenics. This expression pattern begins at the stage when the heart undergoes looping morphogenesis at 36 h post fertilization (hpf) and is maintained into adulthood. Using the CCS transgenics, we investigated the effects of perturbation of cardiac function, as simulated by either the absence of endothelium or hemodynamic stimulation, on the cardiac conduction cells, which resulted in abnormal compaction of the SAN. To uncover the identity of the gene represented by the EGFP expression in the CCS transgenics, we mapped the transposon integration sites on the zebrafish genome to positions in close proximity to the gene encoding fibroblast growth homologous factor 2a (fhf2a). Fhf2a is represented by three transcripts, one of which is expressed in the developing heart. These transgenics are useful tools for studies of development of the CCS and cardiac disease.
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Pitt GS, Lee SY. Current view on regulation of voltage-gated sodium channels by calcium and auxiliary proteins. Protein Sci 2016; 25:1573-84. [PMID: 27262167 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac and skeletal myocytes, and in most neurons, the opening of voltage-gated Na(+) channels (NaV channels) triggers action potentials, a process that is regulated via the interactions of the channels' intercellular C-termini with auxiliary proteins and/or Ca(2+) . The molecular and structural details for how Ca(2+) and/or auxiliary proteins modulate NaV channel function, however, have eluded a concise mechanistic explanation and details have been shrouded for the last decade behind controversy about whether Ca(2+) acts directly upon the NaV channel or through interacting proteins, such as the Ca(2+) binding protein calmodulin (CaM). Here, we review recent advances in defining the structure of NaV intracellular C-termini and associated proteins such as CaM or fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) to reveal new insights into how Ca(2+) affects NaV function, and how altered Ca(2+) -dependent or FHF-mediated regulation of NaV channels is perturbed in various disease states through mutations that disrupt CaM or FHF interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 27710
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Polarized localization of voltage-gated Na+ channels is regulated by concerted FGF13 and FGF14 action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E2665-74. [PMID: 27044086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1521194113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) within the neuronal axon initial segment (AIS) is critical for efficient action potential initiation. Although initially inserted into both somatodendritic and axonal membranes, VGSCs are concentrated within the axon through mechanisms that include preferential axonal targeting and selective somatodendritic endocytosis. How the endocytic machinery specifically targets somatic VGSCs is unknown. Here, using knockdown strategies, we show that noncanonical FGF13 binds directly to VGSCs in hippocampal neurons to limit their somatodendritic surface expression, although exerting little effect on VGSCs within the AIS. In contrast, homologous FGF14, which is highly concentrated in the proximal axon, binds directly to VGSCs to promote their axonal localization. Single-point mutations in FGF13 or FGF14 abrogating VGSC interaction in vitro cannot support these specific functions in neurons. Thus, our data show how the concerted actions of FGF13 and FGF14 regulate the polarized localization of VGSCs that supports efficient action potential initiation.
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α1-Syntrophin Variant Identified in Drug-Induced Long QT Syndrome Increases Late Sodium Current. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152355. [PMID: 27028743 PMCID: PMC4814026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced long-QT syndrome (diLQTS) is often due to drug block of IKr, especially in genetically susceptible patients with subclinical mutations in the IKr-encoding KCHN2. Few variants in the cardiac NaV1.5 Na+ channel complex have been associated with diLQTS. We tested whether a novel SNTA1 (α1-syntrophin) variant (p.E409Q) found in a patient with diLQTS increases late sodium current (INa-L), thereby providing a disease mechanism. Electrophysiological studies were performed in HEK293T cells co-expressing human NaV1.5/nNOS/PMCA4b with either wild type (WT) or SNTA1 variants (A390V-previously reported in congenital LQTS; and E409Q); and in adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes infected with SNTA1 expressing adenoviruses (WT or one of the two SNTA1 variants). In HEK293T cells and in cardiomyocytes, there was no significant difference in the peak INa densities among the SNTA1 WT and variants. However, both variants increased INa-L (% of peak current) in HEK293T cells (0.58±0.10 in WT vs. 0.90±0.11 in A390V, p = 0.048; vs. 0.88±0.07 in E409Q, p = 0.023). In cardiomyocytes, INa-L was significantly increased by E409Q, but not by A390V compared to WT (0.49±0.14 in WT vs.0.94±0.23 in A390V, p = 0.099; vs. 1.12±0.24 in E409Q, p = 0.019). We demonstrated that a novel SNTA1 variant is likely causative for diLQTS by augmenting INa-L. These data suggest that variants within the NaV1.5-interacting α1-syntrophin are a potential mechanism for diLQTS, thereby expanding the concept that variants within congenital LQTS loci can cause diLQTS.
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Bosch MK, Nerbonne JM, Townsend RR, Miyazaki H, Nukina N, Ornitz DM, Marionneau C. Proteomic analysis of native cerebellar iFGF14 complexes. Channels (Austin) 2016; 10:297-312. [PMID: 26889602 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2016.1153203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (iFGF14) and the other intracellular FGFs (iFGF11-13) regulate the properties and densities of voltage-gated neuronal and cardiac Na(+) (Nav) channels. Recent studies have demonstrated that the iFGFs can also regulate native voltage-gated Ca(2+) (Cav) channels. In the present study, a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic approach was used to identify the components of native cerebellar iFGF14 complexes. Using an anti-iFGF14 antibody, native iFGF14 complexes were immunoprecipitated from wild type adult mouse cerebellum. Parallel control experiments were performed on cerebellar proteins isolated from mice (Fgf14(-/-)) harboring a targeted disruption of the Fgf14 locus. MS analyses of immunoprecipitated proteins demonstrated that the vast majority of proteins identified in native cerebellar iFGF14 complexes are Nav channel pore-forming (α) subunits or proteins previously reported to interact with Nav α subunits. In contrast, no Cav channel α or accessory subunits were revealed in cerebellar iFGF14 immunoprecipitates. Additional experiments were completed using an anti-PanNav antibody to immunoprecipitate Nav channel complexes from wild type and Fgf14(-/-) mouse cerebellum. Western blot and MS analyses revealed that the loss of iFGF14 does not measurably affect the protein composition or the relative abundance of Nav channel interacting proteins in native adult mouse cerebellar Nav channel complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Bosch
- a Department of Developmental Biology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- a Department of Developmental Biology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,b Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - R Reid Townsend
- b Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA.,c Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Haruko Miyazaki
- d Laboratory of Structural Pathology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto , Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- d Laboratory of Structural Pathology, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto , Japan
| | - David M Ornitz
- a Department of Developmental Biology , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Céline Marionneau
- e L'Institut du Thorax, INSERM UMR1087, CNRS UMR6291, Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
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Li X, Wang C, Xiao J, McKeehan WL, Wang F. Fibroblast growth factors, old kids on the new block. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 53:155-67. [PMID: 26768548 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of cell intrinsic regulatory peptides that control a broad spectrum of cellular activities. The family includes canonic FGFs that elicit their activities by activating the FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase and non-canonic members that elicit their activities intracellularly and via FGFR-independent mechanisms. The FGF signaling axis is highly complex due to the existence of multiple isoforms of both ligands and receptors, as well as cofactors that include the chemically heterogeneous heparan sulfate (HS) cofactors, and in the case of endocrine FGFs, the Klotho coreceptors. Resident FGF signaling controls embryonic development, maintains tissue homeostasis, promotes wound healing and tissue regeneration, and regulates functions of multiple organs. However, ectopic or aberrant FGF signaling is a culprit for various diseases, including congenital birth defects, metabolic disorder, and cancer. The molecular mechanisms by which the specificity of FGF signaling is achieved remain incompletely understood. Since its application as a druggable target has been gradually recognized by pharmaceutical companies and translational researchers, understanding the determinants of FGF signaling specificity has become even more important in order to get into the position to selectively suppress a particular pathway without affecting others to minimize side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wallace L McKeehan
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030-3303, United States
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030-3303, United States.
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37
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Antzelevitch C, Patocskai B. Brugada Syndrome: Clinical, Genetic, Molecular, Cellular, and Ionic Aspects. Curr Probl Cardiol 2016; 41:7-57. [PMID: 26671757 PMCID: PMC4737702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia syndrome first described as a new clinical entity in 1992. Electrocardiographically characterized by distinct coved type ST segment elevation in the right-precordial leads, the syndrome is associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death in young adults, and less frequently in infants and children. The electrocardiographic manifestations of BrS are often concealed and may be unmasked or aggravated by sodium channel blockers, a febrile state, vagotonic agents, as well as by tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is the most widely accepted approach to therapy. Pharmacologic therapy is designed to produce an inward shift in the balance of currents active during the early phases of the right ventricular action potential (AP) and can be used to abort electrical storms or as an adjunct or alternative to device therapy when use of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is not possible. Isoproterenol, cilostazol, and milrinone boost calcium channel current and drugs like quinidine, bepridil, and the Chinese herb extract Wenxin Keli inhibit the transient outward current, acting to diminish the AP notch and thus to suppress the substrate and trigger for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. Radiofrequency ablation of the right ventricular outflow tract epicardium of patients with BrS has recently been shown to reduce arrhythmia vulnerability and the electrocardiographic manifestation of the disease, presumably by destroying the cells with more prominent AP notch. This review provides an overview of the clinical, genetic, molecular, and cellular aspects of BrS as well as the approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bence Patocskai
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, NY 13501
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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38
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Chen-Izu Y, Shaw RM, Pitt GS, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Sack JT, Abriel H, Aldrich RW, Belardinelli L, Cannell MB, Catterall WA, Chazin WJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Deschenes I, Grandi E, Hund TJ, Izu LT, Maier LS, Maltsev VA, Marionneau C, Mohler PJ, Rajamani S, Rasmusson RL, Sobie EA, Clancy CE, Bers DM. Na+ channel function, regulation, structure, trafficking and sequestration. J Physiol 2015; 593:1347-60. [PMID: 25772290 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.281428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is the second of a series of three reviews published in this issue resulting from the University of California Davis Cardiovascular Symposium 2014: Systems approach to understanding cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and arrhythmias: Na(+) channel and Na(+) transport. The goal of the symposium was to bring together experts in the field to discuss points of consensus and controversy on the topic of sodium in the heart. The present review focuses on Na(+) channel function and regulation, Na(+) channel structure and function, and Na(+) channel trafficking, sequestration and complexing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen-Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, USA; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of California, Davis, USA
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Wan E, Abrams J, Weinberg RL, Katchman AN, Bayne J, Zakharov SI, Yang L, Morrow JP, Garan H, Marx SO. Aberrant sodium influx causes cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation in mice. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:112-22. [PMID: 26595809 DOI: 10.1172/jci84669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased sodium influx via incomplete inactivation of the major cardiac sodium channel Na(V)1.5 is correlated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in humans. Here, we sought to determine whether increased sodium entry is sufficient to cause the structural and electrophysiological perturbations that are required to initiate and sustain AF. We used mice expressing a human Na(V)1.5 variant with a mutation in the anesthetic-binding site (F1759A-Na(V)1.5) and demonstrated that incomplete Na+ channel inactivation is sufficient to drive structural alterations, including atrial and ventricular enlargement, myofibril disarray, fibrosis and mitochondrial injury, and electrophysiological dysfunctions that together lead to spontaneous and prolonged episodes of AF in these mice. Using this model, we determined that the increase in a persistent sodium current causes heterogeneously prolonged action potential duration and rotors, as well as wave and wavelets in the atria, and thereby mimics mechanistic theories that have been proposed for AF in humans. Acute inhibition of the sodium-calcium exchanger, which targets the downstream effects of enhanced sodium entry, markedly reduced the burden of AF and ventricular arrhythmias in this model, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for AF. Together, our results indicate that these mice will be important for assessing the cellular mechanisms and potential effectiveness of antiarrhythmic therapies.
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SCN5A variant that blocks fibroblast growth factor homologous factor regulation causes human arrhythmia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12528-33. [PMID: 26392562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516430112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav channels are essential for metazoan membrane depolarization, and Nav channel dysfunction is directly linked with epilepsy, ataxia, pain, arrhythmia, myotonia, and irritable bowel syndrome. Human Nav channelopathies are primarily caused by variants that directly affect Nav channel permeability or gating. However, a new class of human Nav channelopathies has emerged based on channel variants that alter regulation by intracellular signaling or cytoskeletal proteins. Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are a family of intracellular signaling proteins linked with Nav channel regulation in neurons and myocytes. However, to date, there is surprisingly little evidence linking Nav channel gene variants with FHFs and human disease. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that mutations in SCN5A (encodes primary cardiac Nav channel Nav1.5) that alter FHF binding result in human cardiovascular disease. We describe a five*generation kindred with a history of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death. Affected family members harbor a novel SCN5A variant resulting in p.H1849R. p.H1849R is localized in the central binding core on Nav1.5 for FHFs. Consistent with these data, Nav1.5 p.H1849R affected interaction with FHFs. Further, electrophysiological analysis identified Nav1.5 p.H1849R as a gain-of-function for INa by altering steady-state inactivation and slowing the rate of Nav1.5 inactivation. In line with these data and consistent with human cardiac phenotypes, myocytes expressing Nav1.5 p.H1849R displayed prolonged action potential duration and arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations. Together, these findings identify a previously unexplored mechanism for human Nav channelopathy based on altered Nav1.5 association with FHF proteins.
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41
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Disruption of Fgf13 causes synaptic excitatory-inhibitory imbalance and genetic epilepsy and febrile seizures plus. J Neurosci 2015; 35:8866-81. [PMID: 26063919 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3470-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified a family in which a translocation between chromosomes X and 14 was associated with cognitive impairment and a complex genetic disorder termed "Genetic Epilepsy and Febrile Seizures Plus" (GEFS(+)). We demonstrate that the breakpoint on the X chromosome disrupted a gene that encodes an auxiliary protein of voltage-gated Na(+) channels, fibroblast growth factor 13 (Fgf13). Female mice in which one Fgf13 allele was deleted exhibited hyperthermia-induced seizures and epilepsy. Anatomic studies revealed expression of Fgf13 mRNA in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons of hippocampus. Electrophysiological recordings revealed decreased inhibitory and increased excitatory synaptic inputs in hippocampal neurons of Fgf13 mutants. We speculate that reduced expression of Fgf13 impairs excitability of inhibitory interneurons, resulting in enhanced excitability within local circuits of hippocampus and the clinical phenotype of epilepsy. These findings reveal a novel cause of this syndrome and underscore the powerful role of FGF13 in control of neuronal excitability.
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42
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Satish L, Krill-Burger JM, Gallo PH, Etages SD, Liu F, Philips BJ, Ravuri S, Marra KG, LaFramboise WA, Kathju S, Rubin JP. Expression analysis of human adipose-derived stem cells during in vitro differentiation to an adipocyte lineage. BMC Med Genomics 2015. [PMID: 26205789 PMCID: PMC4513754 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) represent a promising regenerative resource for soft tissue reconstruction. Although autologous grafting of whole fat has long been practiced, a major clinical limitation of this technique is inconsistent long-term graft retention. To understand the changes in cell function during the transition of ASCs into fully mature fat cells, we compared the transcriptome profiles of cultured undifferentiated human primary ASCs under conditions leading to acquisition of a mature adipocyte phenotype. Methods Microarray analysis was performed on total RNA extracted from separate ACS isolates of six human adult females before and after 7 days (7 days: early stage) and 21 days (21 days: late stage) of adipocyte differentiation in vitro. Differential gene expression profiles were determined using Partek Genomics Suite Version 6.4 for analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on time in culture. We also performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering to test for gene expression patterns among the three cell populations. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to determine biologically significant networks and canonical pathways relevant to adipogenesis. Results Cells at each stage showed remarkable intra-group consistency of expression profiles while abundant differences were detected across stages and groups. More than 14,000 transcripts were significantly altered during differentiation while ~6000 transcripts were affected between 7 days and 21 days cultures. Setting a cutoff of +/-two-fold change, 1350 transcripts were elevated while 2929 genes were significantly decreased by 7 days. Comparison of early and late stage cultures revealed increased expression of 1107 transcripts while 606 genes showed significantly reduced expression. In addition to confirming differential expression of known markers of adipogenesis (e.g., FABP4, ADIPOQ, PLIN4), multiple genes and signaling pathways not previously known to be involved in regulating adipogenesis were identified (e.g. POSTN, PPP1R1A, FGF11) as potential novel mediators of adipogenesis. Quantitative RT-PCR validated the microarray results. Conclusions ASC maturation into an adipocyte phenotype proceeds from a gene expression program that involves thousands of genes. This is the first study to compare mRNA expression profiles during early and late stage adipogenesis using cultured human primary ASCs from multiple patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0119-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Satish
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Phillip H Gallo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Fang Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian J Philips
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sudheer Ravuri
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Sandeep Kathju
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, 15261, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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43
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Ornitz DM, Itoh N. The Fibroblast Growth Factor signaling pathway. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:215-66. [PMID: 25772309 PMCID: PMC4393358 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1306] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The signaling component of the mammalian Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family is comprised of eighteen secreted proteins that interact with four signaling tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs). Interaction of FGF ligands with their signaling receptors is regulated by protein or proteoglycan cofactors and by extracellular binding proteins. Activated FGFRs phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues that mediate interaction with cytosolic adaptor proteins and the RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT, PLCγ, and STAT intracellular signaling pathways. Four structurally related intracellular non-signaling FGFs interact with and regulate the family of voltage gated sodium channels. Members of the FGF family function in the earliest stages of embryonic development and during organogenesis to maintain progenitor cells and mediate their growth, differentiation, survival, and patterning. FGFs also have roles in adult tissues where they mediate metabolic functions, tissue repair, and regeneration, often by reactivating developmental signaling pathways. Consistent with the presence of FGFs in almost all tissues and organs, aberrant activity of the pathway is associated with developmental defects that disrupt organogenesis, impair the response to injury, and result in metabolic disorders, and cancer. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. Louis, MO, USA
- *
Correspondence to:
| | - Nobuyuki Itoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto UniversitySakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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44
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Xiao S, Shaw RM. Cardiomyocyte protein trafficking: Relevance to heart disease and opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2014; 25:379-89. [PMID: 25649302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes, the individual contractile units of heart muscle, are long-lived and robust. Given the longevity of these cells, it can be easy to overlook their dynamic intracellular environment that contain rapid protein movements and frequent protein turnover. Critical gene transcription and protein translation occur continuously, as well as trafficking and localization of proteins to specific functional zones of cell membrane. As heart failure becomes an increasingly important clinical entity, growing numbers of investigative teams are examining the cell biology of healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes. In this review, we introduce the major architectural structures and types of protein movements within cardiac cells, and then review recent studies that explore the regulation of such movements. We conclude by introducing current translational directions of the basic studies with a focus on novel areas of therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xiao
- Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robin M Shaw
- Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
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45
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Carter EP, Fearon AE, Grose RP. Careless talk costs lives: fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling and the consequences of pathway malfunction. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:221-33. [PMID: 25467007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 40 years ago, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) signalling has been found to regulate fundamental cellular behaviours in a wide range of cell types. FGFRs regulate development, homeostasis, and repair and are implicated in many disorders and diseases; and indeed, there is extensive potential for severe consequences, be they developmental, homeostatic, or oncogenic, should FGF-FGFR signalling go awry, so careful control of the pathway is critically important. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in the FGF field, highlighting how FGFR signalling works in normal cells, how it can go wrong, how frequently it is compromised, and how it is being targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Abbie E Fearon
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK.
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Adachi-Akahane S. [Regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels via cross-talk of Ca(2+) signaling in cardiac myocytes]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 144:211-216. [PMID: 25381889 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.144.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Yan H, Pablo JL, Wang C, Pitt GS. FGF14 modulates resurgent sodium current in mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurons. eLife 2014; 3:e04193. [PMID: 25269146 PMCID: PMC4356139 DOI: 10.7554/elife.04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid firing of cerebellar Purkinje neurons is facilitated in part by a voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) ‘resurgent’ current, which allows renewed Na+ influx during membrane repolarization. Resurgent current results from unbinding of a blocking particle that competes with normal channel inactivation. The underlying molecular components contributing to resurgent current have not been fully identified. In this study, we show that the NaV channel auxiliary subunit FGF14 ‘b’ isoform, a locus for inherited spinocerebellar ataxias, controls resurgent current and repetitive firing in Purkinje neurons. FGF14 knockdown biased NaV channels towards the inactivated state by decreasing channel availability, diminishing the ‘late’ NaV current, and accelerating channel inactivation rate, thereby reducing resurgent current and repetitive spiking. Critical for these effects was both the alternatively spliced FGF14b N-terminus and direct interaction between FGF14b and the NaV C-terminus. Together, these data suggest that the FGF14b N-terminus is a potent regulator of resurgent NaV current in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04193.001 The cerebellum is a region of the brain that is involved in motor control, and it contains a special type of nerve cells called Purkinje neurons. Messages travel along neurons as electrical signals carried by sodium ions, which have a positive electric charge. Normally, when a neuron is ‘at rest’, the plasma membrane that surrounds the neuron prevents the sodium ions outside the cell from entering. To send an electrical signal, voltage-sensitive proteins in the membrane called sodium channels open up. This allows the sodium ions to enter the cell by passing through a pore in the channel protein, thereby changing the voltage across the membrane. Once sodium channels open, they rapidly become ‘locked’ in a closed state, which allows the membrane voltage to return to its original value before another signal can be sent. This locked state also prevents sodium channels from reopening quickly. As a consequence most neurons cannot send successive electrical signals rapidly. Purkinje neurons are unusual because they can send many electrical signals in quick succession—known as rapid firing—without having to be reset each time. Rapid firing is possible in Purkinje neurons because the channel proteins can be reopened to allow more Na+ to enter the cell, but it is not clear how this is controlled. Now, based on experiments on Purkinje neurons isolated from mice, Yan et al. have shown that a protein called FGF14 that binds to the sodium channel proteins can help them to reopen quickly in order to allow rapid firing. Spinocerebellar ataxia is a degenerative disease caused by damage to the cerebellum that leads to loss of physical coordination. Some patients suffering from this disease carry mutations in the gene that makes the FGF14 protein. Therefore, understanding the role of FGF14 in the rapid firing of Purkinje neurons may aid the development of new treatments for this disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04193.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidun Yan
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Juan L Pablo
- Ion Channel Research Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Chaojian Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Geoffrey S Pitt
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- 1360 Medical Surge II, Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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Hennessey JA, Marcou CA, Wang C, Wei EQ, Wang C, Tester DJ, Torchio M, Dagradi F, Crotti L, Schwartz PJ, Ackerman MJ, Pitt GS. FGF12 is a candidate Brugada syndrome locus. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:1886-94. [PMID: 24096171 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 30% of the cases of Brugada syndrome (BrS) have an identified genetic cause. Of the known BrS-susceptibility genes, loss-of-function mutations in SCN5A or CACNA1C and their auxiliary subunits are most common. On the basis of the recent demonstration that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factors (FHFs; FGF11-FGF14) regulate cardiac Na(+) and Ca(2+) channel currents, we hypothesized that FHFs are candidate BrS loci. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to test whether FGF12 is a candidate BrS locus. METHODS We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to identify the major FHF expressed in the human ventricle and then queried a phenotype-positive, genotype-negative BrS biorepository for FHF mutations associated with BrS. We queried the effects of an identified mutant with biochemical analyses combined with electrophysiological assessment. We designed a novel rat ventricular cardiomyocyte system in which we swapped the endogenous FHF with the identified mutant and defined its effects on multiple ionic currents in their native milieu and on the cardiac action potential. RESULTS We identified FGF12 as the major FHF expressed in the human ventricle. In 102 individuals in the biorepository, we identified a single missense mutation in FGF12-B (Q7R-FGF12). The mutant reduced binding to the NaV1.5 C terminus, but not to junctophilin-2. In adult rat cardiac myocytes, Q7R-FGF12, but not wild-type FGF12, reduced Na(+) channel current density and availability without affecting Ca(2+) channel function. Furthermore, the mutant, but not wild-type FGF12, reduced action potential amplitude, which is consistent with a mutant-induced loss of Na(+) channel function. CONCLUSIONS These multilevel investigations strongly suggest that Q7R-FGF12 is a disease-associated BrS mutation. Moreover, these data suggest for the first time that FHF effects on Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels are separable. Most significantly, this study establishes a new method to analyze effects of human arrhythmogenic mutations on cardiac ionic currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hennessey
- Departments of Medicine/Cardiology and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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