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Niihori M, James J, Varghese MV, McClain N, Lawal OS, Philip RC, Baggett BK, Goncharov DA, de Jesus Perez V, Goncharova EA, Rafikov R, Rafikova O. Mitochondria as a primary determinant of angiogenic modality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20231568. [PMID: 39320470 PMCID: PMC11452743 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20231568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Impaired pulmonary angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and patient mortality, yet the molecular mechanisms driving this process remain enigmatic. Our study uncovered a striking connection between mitochondrial dysfunction (MD), caused by a humanized mutation in the NFU1 gene, and severely disrupted pulmonary angiogenesis in adult lungs. Restoring the bioavailability of the NFU1 downstream target, lipoic acid (LA), alleviated MD and angiogenic deficiency and rescued the progressive PAH phenotype in the NFU1G206C model. Notably, significant NFU1 expression and signaling insufficiencies were also identified in idiopathic PAH (iPAH) patients' lungs, emphasizing this study's relevance beyond NFU1 mutation cases. The remarkable improvement in mitochondrial function of PAH patient-derived pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) following LA supplementation introduces LA as a potential therapeutic approach. In conclusion, this study unveils a novel role for MD in dysregulated pulmonary angiogenesis and PAH manifestation, emphasizing the need to correct MD in PAH patients with unrecognized NFU1/LA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Niihori
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joel James
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mathews V. Varghese
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nolan McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Odunayo Susan Lawal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rohit C. Philip
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona College of Engineering, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brenda K. Baggett
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vinicio de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Olga Rafikova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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2
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Mackay CDA, Meechem MB, Patel VB. Macrophages in vascular disease: Roles of mitochondria and metabolic mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 156:107419. [PMID: 39181483 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are a dynamic cell type of the immune system implicated in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases and are a major contributor to pathological inflammation. Excessive macrophage accumulation, activation, and polarization is observed in aortic aneurysm (AA), atherosclerosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In general, macrophages become activated and polarized to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which dramatically changes cell behavior to become pro-inflammatory and infiltrative. These cell types become cumbersome and fail to be cleared by normal mechanisms such as autophagy. The result is a hyper-inflammatory environment causing the recruitment of adjacent cells and circulating immune cells to further augment the inflammatory response. In AA, this leads to excessive ECM degradation and chemokine secretion, ultimately causing macrophages to dominate the immune cell landscape in the aortic wall. In atherosclerosis, monocytes are recruited to the vascular wall, where they polarize to the pro-inflammatory phenotype and induce inflammatory pathway activation. This leads to the development of foam cells, which significantly contribute to neointima and necrotic core formation in atherosclerotic plaques. Pro-inflammatory macrophages, which affect other vascular diseases, present with fragmented mitochondria and corresponding metabolic dysfunction. Targeting macrophage mitochondrial dynamics has proved to be an exciting potential therapeutic approach to combat vascular disease. This review will summarize mitochondrial and metabolic mechanisms of macrophage activation, polarization, and accumulation in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D A Mackay
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Megan B Meechem
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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3
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Wang G, Liu S, Kong X, Jiao H, Tong F, Guo Z, Zhang M, Guan X, Ren N, Li W, Qi L, Wei Y. Lipocalin-2 induced LDHA expression promotes vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Prolif 2024:e13717. [PMID: 39021353 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The mechanisms by which glycolysis is increased and how it contributes to pulmonary vascular remodelling are not yet fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that elevated lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in PH significantly enhances aerobic glycolysis in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) by up-regulating LDHA expression. Knockout of Lcn2 or having heterozygous LDHA deficiency in mice significantly inhibits the progression of hypoxic PH. Our study reveals that LCN2 stimulates LDHA expression by activating Akt-HIF-1α signalling pathway. Inhibition of Akt or HIF-1α reduces LDHA expression and proliferation of PASMCs. Both Akt and HIF-1α play critical roles in the development of PH and are suppressed in the pulmonary vessels of hypoxic PH mice lacking LCN2. These findings shed light on the LCN2-Akt-HIF1α-LDHA axis in aerobic glycolysis in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Department of Tumor and Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Kong
- Department of Tumor and Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Jiao
- Department of Tumor and Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangke Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Guan
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Na Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Lipidomics Experimental Platform, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Qi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Liu X, Liu B, Luo X, Liu Z, Tan X, Zhu K, Ouyang F. Research progress on the role of p53 in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Respir Investig 2024; 62:541-550. [PMID: 38643536 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. At present, the definitive pathology of PAH has not been elucidated and its effective treatment remains lacking. Despite PAHs having multiple pathogeneses, the cancer-like characteristics of cells have been considered the main reason for PAH progression. RECENT FINDINGS p53 protein, an important tumor suppressor, regulates a multitude of gene expressions to maintain normal cellular functions and suppress the progression of malignant tumors. Recently, p53 has been found to exert multiple biological effects on cardiovascular diseases. Since PAH shares similar metabolic features with cancer cells, the regulatory roles of p53 in PAH are mainly the induction of cell cycle, inhibition of cell proliferation, and promotion of apoptosis. SUMMARY This paper summarized the advanced findings on the molecular mechanisms and regulatory functions of p53 in PAH, aiming to reveal the potential therapeutic targets for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taojiang County People's Hospital, No.328 Taohuaxi Road, Taohuajiang Town, Taojiang County, Yiyang City, 413499, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China.
| | - Fan Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, No.116 Changjiangnan Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou City, 412000, Hunan, China.
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5
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Liu B, Yi D, Ma X, Ramirez K, Zhao H, Xia X, Fallon MB, Kalinichenko VV, Qiu S, Dai Z. A Novel Animal Model for Pulmonary Hypertension: Lung Endothelial-Specific Deletion of Egln1 in Mice. JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2024; 1:10007. [PMID: 38974505 PMCID: PMC11225937 DOI: 10.35534/jrbtm.2024.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, which can potentially lead to heart failure over time. Previously, our lab found that endothelia-specific knockout of Egln1, encoding prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (PHD2), induced spontaneous pulmonary hypertension (PH). Recently, we elucidated that Tmem100 is a lung-specific endothelial gene using Tmem100-CreERT2 mice. We hypothesize that lung endothelial-specific deletion of Egln1 could lead to the development of PH without affecting Egln1 gene expression in other organs. Tmem100-CreERT2 mice were crossed with Egln1 flox/flox mice to generate Egln1 f/f ;Tmem100-CreERT2 (LiCKO) mice. Western blot and immunofluorescent staining were performed to verify the knockout efficacy of Egln1 in multiple organs of LiCKO mice. PH phenotypes, including hemodynamics, right heart size and function, pulmonary vascular remodeling, were evaluated by right heart catheterization and echocardiography measurements. Tamoxifen treatment induced Egln1 deletion in the lung endothelial cells (ECs) but not in other organs of adult LiCKO mice. LiCKO mice exhibited an increase in right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP, ~35 mmHg) and right heart hypertrophy. Echocardiography measurements showed right heart hypertrophy, as well as cardiac and pulmonary arterial dysfunction. Pulmonary vascular remodeling, including increased pulmonary wall thickness and muscularization of distal pulmonary arterials, was enhanced in LiCKO mice compared to wild-type mice. Tmem100 promoter-mediated lung endothelial knockout of Egln1 in mice leads to development of spontaneous PH. LiCKO mice could serve as a novel mouse model for PH to study lung and other organ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Dan Yi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Karina Ramirez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Hanqiu Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Michael B. Fallon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Division of Neonatology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Phoenix Children’s Health Research Institute, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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6
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Ba H, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Li Y, Dai X, Liu Y, Li X. Unveiling the metabolic landscape of pulmonary hypertension: insights from metabolomics. Respir Res 2024; 25:221. [PMID: 38807129 PMCID: PMC11131231 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is regarded as cardiovascular disease with an extremely poor prognosis, primarily due to irreversible vascular remodeling. Despite decades of research progress, the absence of definitive curative therapies remains a critical challenge, leading to high mortality rates. Recent studies have shown that serious metabolic disorders generally exist in PH animal models and patients of PH, which may be the cause or results of the disease. It is imperative for future research to identify critical biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction in PH pathophysiology and to uncover metabolic targets that could enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Metabolomics offers a powerful tool for the comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of metabolites within specific organisms or cells. On the basis of the findings of the metabolomics research on PH, this review summarizes the latest research progress on metabolic pathways involved in processes such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism in the context of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Yingfan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China.
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Bruck O, Pandit LM. Pulmonary Hypertension and Hyperglycemia-Not a Sweet Combination. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1119. [PMID: 38893645 PMCID: PMC11171670 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and pulmonary hypertension (PH) share common pathological pathways that lead to vascular dysfunction and resultant cardiovascular complications. These shared pathologic pathways involve endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormonal imbalances. Individuals with hyperglycemia or pulmonary hypertension also possess shared clinical factors that contribute to increased morbidity from both diseases. This review aims to explore the relationship between PH and hyperglycemia, highlighting the mechanisms underlying their association and discussing the clinical implications. Understanding these common pathologic and clinical factors will enable early detection for those at-risk for complications from both diseases, paving the way for improved research and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Bruck
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77024, USA;
| | - L. M. Pandit
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77024, USA;
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Liu B, Yi D, Li S, Ramirez K, Xia X, Cao Y, Zhao H, Tripathi A, Qiu S, Kala M, Rafikov R, Gu H, de jesus Perez V, Lemay SE, Glembotski CC, Knox KS, Bonnet S, Kalinichenko VV, Zhao YY, Fallon MB, Boucherat O, Dai Z. Single-cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Identified Fatty Acid-binding Proteins Controlling Endothelial Glycolytic and Arterial Programming in Pulmonary Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.11.579846. [PMID: 38370670 PMCID: PMC10871348 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.579846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease characterized by obliterative vascular remodeling and persistent increase of vascular resistance, leading to right heart failure and premature death. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms will help develop novel therapeutic approaches for PAH patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis found that both FABP4 and FABP5 were highly induced in endothelial cells (ECs) of Egln1Tie2Cre (CKO) mice, which was also observed in pulmonary arterial ECs (PAECs) from idiopathic PAH (IPAH) patients, and in whole lungs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) rats. Plasma levels of FABP4/5 were upregulated in IPAH patients and directly correlated with severity of hemodynamics and biochemical parameters using plasma proteome analysis. Genetic deletion of both Fabp4 and 5 in CKO mice (Egln1Tie2Cre/Fabp4-5-/- ,TKO) caused a reduction of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and RV hypertrophy, attenuated pulmonary vascular remodeling and prevented the right heart failure assessed by echocardiography, hemodynamic and histological analysis. Employing bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomic analysis, we showed that Fabp4/5 deletion also inhibited EC glycolysis and distal arterial programming, reduced ROS and HIF-2α expression in PH lungs. Thus, PH causes aberrant expression of FABP4/5 in pulmonary ECs which leads to enhanced ECs glycolysis and distal arterial programming, contributing to the accumulation of arterial ECs and vascular remodeling and exacerbating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Dan Yi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Karina Ramirez
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaomei Xia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yanhong Cao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hanqiu Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ankit Tripathi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Mrinalini Kala
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ruslan Rafikov
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University College of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Sarah-Eve Lemay
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher C. Glembotski
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kenneth S Knox
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Division of Neonatology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Phoenix Children’s Health Research Institute, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology and Section for Injury Repair and Regeneration Research, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael B. Fallon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Olivier Boucherat
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Vascular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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9
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Li X, Cai P, Tang X, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Rong X. Lactylation Modification in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Function and Mechanism. Metabolites 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38668345 PMCID: PMC11052226 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as the primary cause of mortality and morbidity on a global scale, and developing a clear treatment is an important tool for improving it. Cardiometabolic disorder (CMD) is a syndrome resulting from the combination of cardiovascular, endocrine, pro-thrombotic, and inflammatory health hazards. Due to their complex pathological mechanisms, there is a lack of effective diagnostic and treatment methods for cardiac metabolic disorders. Lactylation is a type of post-translational modification (PTM) that plays a regulatory role in various cellular physiological processes by inducing changes in the spatial conformation of proteins. Numerous studies have reported that lactylation modification plays a crucial role in post-translational modifications and is closely related to cardiac metabolic diseases. This article discusses the molecular biology of lactylation modifications and outlines the roles and mechanisms of lactylation modifications in cardiometabolic disorders, offering valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (P.C.); (X.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pingdong Cai
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (P.C.); (X.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyuan Tang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (P.C.); (X.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingzi Wu
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (P.C.); (X.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (P.C.); (X.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.L.); (P.C.); (X.T.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Zhang T, Cao RJ, Niu JL, Chen ZH, Mu SQ, Cao T, Pang JX, Dong LH. G6PD maintains the VSMC synthetic phenotype and accelerates vascular neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting the VDAC1-Bax-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:47. [PMID: 38589823 PMCID: PMC11003121 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic switching, which is an early pathogenic event in various vascular remodeling diseases (VRDs). However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. METHODS An IP‒LC‒MS/MS assay was conducted to identify new binding partners of G6PD involved in the regulation of VSMC phenotypic switching under platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) stimulation. Co-IP, GST pull-down, and immunofluorescence colocalization were employed to clarify the interaction between G6PD and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1). The molecular mechanisms involved were elucidated by examining the interaction between VDAC1 and apoptosis-related biomarkers, as well as the oligomerization state of VDAC1. RESULTS The G6PD level was significantly elevated and positively correlated with the synthetic characteristics of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB. We identified VDAC1 as a novel G6PD-interacting molecule essential for apoptosis. Specifically, the G6PD-NTD region was found to predominantly contribute to this interaction. G6PD promotes VSMC survival and accelerates vascular neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting VSMC apoptosis. Mechanistically, G6PD interacts with VDAC1 upon stimulation with PDGF-BB. By competing with Bax for VDAC1 binding, G6PD reduces VDAC1 oligomerization and counteracts VDAC1-Bax-mediated apoptosis, thereby accelerating neointimal hyperplasia. CONCLUSION Our study showed that the G6PD-VDAC1-Bax axis is a vital switch in VSMC apoptosis and is essential for VSMC phenotypic switching and neointimal hyperplasia, providing mechanistic insight into early VRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Rui-Jie Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiang-Ling Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Zhi-Huan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Shi-Qing Mu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jie-Xin Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Li-Hua Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Cardiovascular Medical Science Center, Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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11
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Lin C, Yang H, Luo Q, Liu Q. FAK mediates hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by modulating mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1/cyclin D1. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13767. [PMID: 38488492 PMCID: PMC10941516 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of FAK-dependent hypoxia-induced proliferation on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). Primary HPASMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro under normal and hypoxia conditions to assess cell proliferation with cell counting kit-8. FAK and mitochondrial transcription termination factor 1 (mTERF1) were silenced with siRNA, mRNA, and protein levels of FAK, mTERF1, and cyclin D1 were determined. HPASMC proliferation increased under hypoxia compared to normal conditions. Knocking down FAK or mTERF1 with siRNA led to decreased cell proliferation under both normal and hypoxia conditions. FAK knockdown led to the reduction of both mTERF1 and cyclin D1 expressions under the hypoxia conditions, whereas mTERF1 knockdown led to the downregulation of cyclin D1 expression but not FAK expression under the same condition. However, under normal conditions, knocking down either FAK or mTERF1 had no impact on cyclin D1 expression. These results suggested that FAK may regulate the mTERF1/cyclin D1 signaling pathway to modulate cell proliferation in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineYueyang People's Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityYueyangChina
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineYueyang People's Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityYueyangChina
| | - Qiong Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineYueyang People's Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityYueyangChina
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineYueyang People's Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityYueyangChina
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12
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Lu Q, Jin Y, Ornatowski W, Soto J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Tieu K, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Mitochondrial hyperfusion induces metabolic remodeling in lung endothelial cells by modifying the activities of electron transport chain complexes I and III. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:183-194. [PMID: 37979892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease with vascular remodeling as a critical structural alteration. We have previously shown that metabolic reprogramming is an early initiating mechanism in animal models of PH. This metabolic dysregulation has been linked to remodeling the mitochondrial network to favor fission. However, whether the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance underlies the metabolic reprogramming found early in PH development is unknown. METHODS Utilizing a rat early model of PH, in conjunction with cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs), we utilized metabolic flux assays, Seahorse Bioassays, measurements of electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity, fluorescent microscopy, and molecular approaches to investigate the link between the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and the early metabolic changes that occur in PH. RESULTS We observed increased fusion mediators, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1, and unchanged fission mediators, including Drp1 and Fis1, in a two-week monocrotaline-induced PH animal model (early-stage PH). We were able to establish a connection between increases in fusion mediator Mfn1 and metabolic reprogramming. Using an adenoviral expression system to enhance Mfn1 levels in pulmonary endothelial cells and utilizing 13C-glucose labeled substrate, we found increased production of 13C lactate and decreased TCA cycle metabolites, revealing a Warburg phenotype. The use of a 13C5-glutamine substrate showed evidence that hyperfusion also induces oxidative carboxylation. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels secondary to the disruption of cellular bioenergetics and higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS). The elevation in mt-ROS correlated with attenuated ETC complexes I and III activities. Utilizing a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant to suppress mt-ROS, limited HIF-1α protein levels, which reduced cellular glycolysis and reestablished mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data connects mitochondrial fusion-mediated mt-ROS to the Warburg phenotype in early-stage PH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | | | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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13
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Trammell AW, Hart CM. LKB1 Regulates Pulmonary Hypertension Endothelial Cell Mitochondria: Another Layer of the Pulmonary Vascular Onion? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:5-7. [PMID: 37738621 PMCID: PMC10768830 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0322ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Trammell
- Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, Georgia and Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Medical Center Decatur, Georgia and Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia
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14
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Santos RT, de Sá Freire Onofre ME, de Assis Fernandes Caldeira D, Klein AB, Rocco PRM, Cruz FF, Silva PL. Pharmacological Agents and Potential New Therapies in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:155-170. [PMID: 38115617 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611266576231211045731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by an imbalance between vasoactive mediators, which causes vascular remodeling, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and right ventricular overload, ultimately leading to heart failure and death. A metabolic theory has been suggested to explain the pathophysiology of PAH whereby abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis can trigger a hyperproliferative and apoptosis-resistant phenotype in cardiopulmonary and malignant cells, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn causes the Warburg effect. This can culminate in the mitophagy of pulmonary vessels and cardiomyocytes. The present narrative review focuses on the pathophysiology of PAH, the pharmacological agents currently available for its treatment, and promising and challenging areas of therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Trabach Santos
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda de Sá Freire Onofre
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayene de Assis Fernandes Caldeira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane Bello Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Reactive Oxygen Species, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rieken Macedo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Yang F, Xie T, Hu Z, Chu Z, Lu H, Wu Q, Qin D, Sun S, Luo Z, Luo F. Exploration on anti-hypoxia properties of peptides: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-16. [PMID: 38116946 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2291824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are important components of human nutrition and health, and considered as safe, nontoxic, and easily absorbed potential drugs. Anti-hypoxia peptides are a kind of peptides that can prevent hypoxia or hypoxia damage. In this paper, the sources, preparations, and molecular mechanisms of anti-hypoxia peptides were systemically reviewed. The combination of bioinformatics, chemical synthesis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and microbial fermentation are recommended for efficient productions of anti-hypoxic peptides. The mechanisms of anti-hypoxic peptides include interference with glycolytic process and HIF-1α pathway, mitochondrial apoptosis, and inflammatory response. In addition, bioinformatics analysis, including virtual screening and molecular docking, provides an alternative or auxiliary method for exploring the potential anti-hypoxic activities and mechanisms of peptides. The potential challenges and prospects of anti-hypoxic peptides are also discussed. This paper can provide references for researchers in this field and promote further research and clinical applications of anti-hypoxic peptides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tiantian Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongxing Chu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Han Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguo Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- College of Food Science, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Flores AG, Lu Q, Soto J, Richards J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Novel Relationship between Mitofusin 2-Mediated Mitochondrial Hyperfusion, Metabolic Remodeling, and Glycolysis in Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17533. [PMID: 38139362 PMCID: PMC10744129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been identified in cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH), ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is abundantly expressed in heart and pulmonary vasculature cells at the outer mitochondrial membrane to modulate fusion. Previously, we have reported reduced levels of Mfn2 and fragmented mitochondria in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) isolated from a sheep model of PH induced by pulmonary over-circulation and restoring Mfn2 normalized mitochondrial function. In this study, we assessed the effect of increased expression of Mfn2 on mitochondrial metabolism, bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential in control PAECs. Using an adenoviral expression system to overexpress Mfn2 in PAECs and utilizing 13C labeled substrates, we assessed the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. We identified increased pyruvate and lactate production in cells, revealing a glycolytic phenotype (Warburg phenotype). Mfn2 overexpression decreased the mitochondrial ATP production rate, increased the rate of glycolytic ATP production, and disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels, elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data suggest that disrupting the mitochondrial fusion/fission balance to favor hyperfusion leads to a metabolic shift that promotes aerobic glycolysis. Thus, therapies designed to increase mitochondrial fusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Jaime Richards
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
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17
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Wu YC, Wang WT, Yang MC, Su YT, Yeh JL, Hsu JH, Wu JR. The novel roles of YULINK in the migration, proliferation and glycolysis of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: implications for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biol Res 2023; 56:66. [PMID: 38057829 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, characterized by the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) along with dysregulated glycolysis, is a pathognomonic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). YULINK (MIOS, Entrez Gene: 54468), a newly identified gene, has been recently shown to possess pleiotropic physiologic functions. This study aims to determine novel roles of YULINK in the regulation of PAH-related pathogenesis, including PASMC migration, proliferation and glycolysis. RESULTS Our results utilized two PAH-related cell models: PASMCs treated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and PASMCs harvested from monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats (PAH-PASMCs). YULINK modulation, either by knockdown or overexpression, was found to influence PASMC migration and proliferation in both models. Additionally, YULINK was implicated in glycolytic processes, impacting glucose uptake, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression, hexokinase II (HK-2) expression, and pyruvate production in PASMCs. Notably, YULINK and GLUT1 were observed to colocalize on PASMC membranes under PAH-related pathogenic conditions. Indeed, increased YULINK expression was also detected in the pulmonary artery of human PAH specimen. Furthermore, YULINK inhibition led to the suppression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (AKT) in both cell models. These findings suggest that the effects of YULINK are potentially mediated through the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that YULINK appears to play a crucial role in the migration, proliferation, and glycolysis in PASMCs and therefore positioning it as a novel promising therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsun Su
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Cardio-Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital/I-Shou University, No. 1, Yi-Da Road, Jiao-Su Village, Yan-Chao District, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan.
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18
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He X, Fang J, Gong M, Zhang J, Xie R, Zhao D, Gu Y, Ma L, Pang X, Cui Y. Identification of immune-associated signatures and potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3864-3877. [PMID: 37753829 PMCID: PMC10718157 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases with diverse aetiologies. It is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and right ventricular (RV) failure without specific drugs for treatment. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation and autoimmune disorders are common features across all PAH phenotypes. This provides a novel idea to explore the characteristics of immunological disorders in PAH and identify immune-related genes or biomarkers for specific anti-remodelling regimens. In this study, we integrated three gene expression profiles and performed Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis. CIBERSORT was utilized to estimate the abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune cells in PAH. The PPI network and machine learning were constructed to identify immune-related hub genes and then evaluate the relationship between hub genes and differential immune cells using ImmucellAI. Additionally, we implemented molecular docking to screen potential small-molecule compounds based on the obtained genes. Our findings demonstrated the density and distribution of infiltrating CD4 T cells in PAH and identified four immune-related genes (ROCK2, ATHL1, HSP90AA1 and ACTR2) as potential targets. We also listed 20 promising molecules, including TDI01953, pemetrexed acid and radotinib, for PAH treatment. These results provide a promising avenue for further research into immunological disorders in PAH and potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingli Gong
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- School of PharmacyXu Zhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Juqi Zhang
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ran Xie
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dai Zhao
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yanlun Gu
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lingyue Ma
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of PharmacyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
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19
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Bordag N, Nagy BM, Zügner E, Ludwig H, Foris V, Nagaraj C, Biasin V, Bodenhofer U, Magnes C, Maron BA, Ulrich S, Lange TJ, Hötzenecker K, Pieber T, Olschewski H, Olschewski A. Lipidomics for diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.17.23289772. [PMID: 37292870 PMCID: PMC10246148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.23289772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) poses a significant health threat with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for enhanced management. Current biomarkers for PH lack functionality and comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop biomarkers that address these gaps in PH diagnostics and prognosis. Methods To address this need, we employed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis in 233 blood based samples coupled with machine learning analysis. For functional insights, human pulmonary arteries (PA) of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) lungs were investigated and the effect of extrinsic FFAs on human PA endothelial and smooth muscle cells was tested in vitro. Results PA of idiopathic PAH lungs showed lipid accumulation and altered expression of lipid homeostasis-related genes. In PA smooth muscle cells, extrinsic FFAs caused excessive proliferation and endothelial barrier dysfunction in PA endothelial cells, both hallmarks of PAH.In the training cohort of 74 PH patients, 30 disease controls without PH, and 65 healthy controls, diagnostic and prognostic markers were identified and subsequently validated in an independent cohort. Exploratory analysis showed a highly impacted metabolome in PH patients and machine learning confirmed a high diagnostic potential. Fully explainable specific free fatty acid (FFA)/lipid-ratios were derived, providing exceptional diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 in the training and 0.90 in the validation cohort, outperforming machine learning results. These ratios were also prognostic and complemented established clinical prognostic PAH scores (FPHR4p and COMPERA2.0), significantly increasing their hazard ratios (HR) from 2.5 and 3.4 to 4.2 and 6.1, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, our research confirms the significance of lipidomic alterations in PH, introducing innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These findings may have the potential to reshape PH management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bordag
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- CBmed GmbH, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Bence Miklos Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Elmar Zügner
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
| | - Helga Ludwig
- School of Informatics, Communications, and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Bodenhofer
- School of Informatics, Communications, and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
| | - Bradley A. Maron
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD and The University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Clinic of Pulmonology, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias J. Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Pulmonology and Critical Care, Kreisklinik Bad Reichenhall, Bad Reichenhall, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Hötzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pieber
- CBmed GmbH, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
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20
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Simpson CE, Ambade AS, Harlan R, Roux A, Aja S, Graham D, Shah AA, Hummers LK, Hemnes AR, Leopold JA, Horn EM, Berman-Rosenzweig ES, Grunig G, Aldred MA, Barnard J, Comhair SAA, Tang WHW, Griffiths M, Rischard F, Frantz RP, Erzurum SC, Beck GJ, Hill NS, Mathai SC, Hassoun PM, Damico RL. Kynurenine pathway metabolism evolves with development of preclinical and scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L617-L627. [PMID: 37786941 PMCID: PMC11068393 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00177.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding metabolic evolution underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) development may clarify pathobiology and reveal disease-specific biomarkers. Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) are regularly surveilled for PAH, presenting an opportunity to examine metabolic change as disease develops in an at-risk cohort. We performed mass spectrometry-based metabolomics on longitudinal serum samples collected before and near SSc-PAH diagnosis, compared with time-matched SSc subjects without PAH, in a SSc surveillance cohort. We validated metabolic differences in a second cohort and determined metabolite-phenotype relationships. In parallel, we performed serial metabolomic and hemodynamic assessments as the disease developed in a preclinical model. For differentially expressed metabolites, we investigated corresponding gene expression in human and rodent PAH lungs. Kynurenine and its ratio to tryptophan (kyn/trp) increased over the surveillance period in patients with SSc who developed PAH. Higher kyn/trp measured two years before diagnostic right heart catheterization increased the odds of SSc-PAH diagnosis (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05-2.36, P = 0.028). The slope of kyn/trp rise during SSc surveillance predicted PAH development and mortality. In both clinical and experimental PAH, higher kynurenine pathway metabolites correlated with adverse pulmonary vascular and RV measurements. In human and rodent PAH lungs, expression of TDO2, which encodes tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase (TDO), a protein that catalyzes tryptophan conversion to kynurenine, was significantly upregulated and tightly correlated with pulmonary hypertensive features. Upregulated kynurenine pathway metabolism occurs early in PAH, localizes to the lung, and may be modulated by TDO2. Kynurenine pathway metabolites may be candidate PAH biomarkers and TDO warrants exploration as a potential novel therapeutic target.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows an early increase in kynurenine pathway metabolism in at-risk subjects with systemic sclerosis who develop pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We show that kynurenine pathway upregulation precedes clinical diagnosis and that this metabolic shift is associated with increased disease severity and shorter survival times. We also show that gene expression of TDO2, an enzyme that generates kynurenine from tryptophan, rises with PAH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Simpson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anjira S Ambade
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert Harlan
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Molecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
| | - Aurelie Roux
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Molecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
| | - Susan Aja
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Molecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
| | - David Graham
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Molecular Determinants Core, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
| | - Ami A Shah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Laura K Hummers
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anna R Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jane A Leopold
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Evelyn M Horn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Erika S Berman-Rosenzweig
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Gabriele Grunig
- Divisions of Environmental and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Micheala A Aldred
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - John Barnard
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Suzy A A Comhair
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Division of Heart Failure and Transplant Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Megan Griffiths
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Franz Rischard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, United States
| | - Robert P Frantz
- Division of Circulatory Failure, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Gerald J Beck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Nicholas S Hill
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Division, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stephen C Mathai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Rachel L Damico
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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21
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Li M, Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Dobrinskikh E, McKeon BA, Gandjeva A, Riddle S, Laux A, Prasad RR, Kumar S, Tuder RM, Zhang H, Hu CJ, Stenmark KR. SIRT3 Is a Critical Regulator of Mitochondrial Function of Fibroblasts in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:570-583. [PMID: 37343939 PMCID: PMC10633840 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0360oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a heterogeneous and life-threatening cardiopulmonary disorder in which mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to drive pathogenesis, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To determine if abnormal SIRT3 (sirtuin 3) activity is related to mitochondrial dysfunction in adventitial fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and hypoxic PH calves (PH-Fibs) and whether SIRT3 could be a potential therapeutic target to improve mitochondrial function, SIRT3 concentrations in control fibroblasts, PH-Fibs, and lung tissues were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. SIRT3 deacetylase activity in cells and lung tissues was determined using western blot, immunohistochemistry staining, and immunoprecipitation. Glycolysis and mitochondrial function in fibroblasts were measured using respiratory analysis and fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy. The effects of restoring SIRT3 activity (by overexpression of SIRT3 with plasmid, activation SIRT3 with honokiol, and supplementation with the SIRT3 cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD+]) on mitochondrial protein acetylation, mitochondrial function, cell proliferation, and gene expression in PH-Fibs were also investigated. We found that SIRT3 concentrations were decreased in PH-Fibs and PH lung tissues, and its cofactor, NAD+, was also decreased in PH-Fibs. Increased acetylation in overall mitochondrial proteins and SIRT3-specific targets (MPC1 [mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1] and MnSOD2 [mitochondrial superoxide dismutase]), as well as decreased MnSOD2 activity, was identified in PH-Fibs and PH lung tissues. Normalization of SIRT3 activity, by increasing its expression with plasmid or with honokiol and supplementation with its cofactor NAD+, reduced mitochondrial protein acetylation, improved mitochondrial function, inhibited proliferation, and induced apoptosis in PH-Fibs. Thus, our study demonstrated that restoration of SIRT3 activity in PH-Fibs can reduce mitochondrial protein acetylation and restore mitochondrial function and PH-Fib phenotype in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islet Research, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - B. Alexandre McKeon
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Aneta Gandjeva
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Suzette Riddle
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Aya Laux
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Ram Raj Prasad
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
| | | | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
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22
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Abu-Hanna J, Anastasakis E, Patel JA, Eddama MMR, Denton CP, Taanman JW, Abraham D, Clapp LH. Prostacyclin mimetics inhibit DRP1-mediated pro-proliferative mitochondrial fragmentation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 151:107194. [PMID: 37442283 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare cardiopulmonary disorder, involving the remodelling of the small pulmonary arteries. Underlying this remodelling is the hyper-proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells within the medial layers of these arteries and their encroachment on the lumen. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between excessive mitochondrial fragmentation, a consequence of increased expression and post-translational activation of the mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and pathological proliferation in PASMCs derived from PAH patients. However, the impact of prostacyclin mimetics, widely used in the treatment of PAH, on this pathological mitochondrial fragmentation remains unexplored. We hypothesise that these agents, which are known to attenuate the proliferative phenotype of PAH PASMCs, do so in part by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation. In this study, we confirmed the previously reported increase in DRP1-mediated mitochondrial hyper-fragmentation in PAH PASMCs. We then showed that the prostacyclin mimetic treprostinil signals via either the Gs-coupled IP or EP2 receptor to inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation and the associated hyper-proliferation in a manner analogous to the DRP1 inhibitor Mdivi-1. We also showed that treprostinil recruits either the IP or EP2 receptor to activate PKA and induce the phosphorylation of DRP1 at the inhibitory residue S637 and inhibit that at the stimulatory residue S616, both of which are suggestive of reduced DRP1 fission activity. Like treprostinil, MRE-269, an IP receptor agonist, and butaprost, an EP2 receptor agonist, attenuated DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation through PKA. We conclude that prostacyclin mimetics produce their anti-proliferative effects on PAH PASMCs in part by inhibiting DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeries Abu-Hanna
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Anastasakis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jigisha A Patel
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Rajab Eddama
- Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan-Willem Taanman
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
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23
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Simpson CE, Ambade AS, Harlan R, Roux A, Graham D, Klauer N, Tuhy T, Kolb TM, Suresh K, Hassoun PM, Damico RL. Spatial and temporal resolution of metabolic dysregulation in the Sugen hypoxia model of pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2023; 13:e12260. [PMID: 37404901 PMCID: PMC10315560 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although PAH is partially attributed to disordered metabolism, previous human studies have mostly examined circulating metabolites at a single time point, potentially overlooking crucial disease biology. Current knowledge gaps include an understanding of temporal changes that occur within and across relevant tissues, and whether observed metabolic changes might contribute to disease pathobiology. We utilized targeted tissue metabolomics in the Sugen hypoxia (SuHx) rodent model to investigate tissue-specific metabolic relationships with pulmonary hypertensive features over time using regression modeling and time-series analysis. Our hypotheses were that some metabolic changes would precede phenotypic changes, and that examining metabolic interactions across heart, lung, and liver tissues would yield insight into interconnected metabolic mechanisms. To support the relevance of our findings, we sought to establish links between SuHx tissue metabolomics and human PAH -omics data using bioinformatic predictions. Metabolic differences between and within tissue types were evident by Day 7 postinduction, demonstrating distinct tissue-specific metabolism in experimental pulmonary hypertension. Various metabolites demonstrated significant tissue-specific associations with hemodynamics and RV remodeling. Individual metabolite profiles were dynamic, and some metabolic shifts temporally preceded the emergence of overt pulmonary hypertension and RV remodeling. Metabolic interactions were observed such that abundance of several liver metabolites modulated lung and RV metabolite-phenotype relationships. Taken all together, regression analyses, pathway analyses and time-series analyses implicated aspartate and glutamate signaling and transport, glycine homeostasis, lung nucleotide abundance, and oxidative stress as relevant to early PAH pathobiology. These findings offer valuable insights into potential targets for early intervention in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Simpson
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Anjira S. Ambade
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Robert Harlan
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Molecular Determinants CoreSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Aurelie Roux
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Molecular Determinants CoreSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - David Graham
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Molecular Determinants CoreSt. PetersburgFloridaUSA
| | - Neal Klauer
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Tijana Tuhy
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Todd M. Kolb
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Paul M. Hassoun
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel L. Damico
- Johns Hopkins University Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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24
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Balistrieri A, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca 2+ signaling. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1827-1897. [PMID: 36422993 PMCID: PMC10110735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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25
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Zhang H, Li QW, Li YY, Tang X, Gu L, Liu HM. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and pulmonary hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1189195. [PMID: 37350962 PMCID: PMC10282836 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1189195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic pulmonary vascular disorder characterized by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. The detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In recent decades, increasing evidence shows that altered immune microenvironment, comprised of immune cells, mesenchymal cells, extra-cellular matrix and signaling molecules, might induce the development of PH. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been proposed over 30 years, and the functional importance of MDSCs in the immune system is appreciated recently. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of cells that expand during cancer, chronic inflammation and infection, which have a remarkable ability to suppress T-cell responses and may exacerbate the development of diseases. Thus, targeting MDSCs has become a novel strategy to overcome immune evasion, especially in tumor immunotherapy. Nowadays, severe PH is accepted as a cancer-like disease, and MDSCs are closely related to the development and prognosis of PH. Here, we review the relationship between MDSCs and PH with respect to immune cells, cytokines, chemokines and metabolism, hoping that the key therapeutic targets of MDSCs can be identified in the treatment of PH, especially in severe PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Immunology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Riou M, Enache I, Sauer F, Charles AL, Geny B. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolic Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension: Toward New Therapeutic Approaches? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119572. [PMID: 37298522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling leading to right heart failure and death. To date, despite the three therapeutic approaches targeting the three major endothelial dysfunction pathways based on the prostacyclin, nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and endothelin pathways, PAH remains a serious disease. As such, new targets and therapeutic agents are needed. Mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction is one of the mechanisms involved in PAH pathogenesis in part through the induction of a Warburg metabolic state of enhanced glycolysis but also through the upregulation of glutaminolysis, tricarboxylic cycle and electron transport chain dysfunction, dysregulation of fatty acid oxidation or mitochondrial dynamics alterations. The aim of this review is to shed light on the main mitochondrial metabolic pathways involved in PAH and to provide an update on the resulting interesting potential therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Riou
- Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Team 3072 "Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection", 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, CEDEX 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, CEDEX 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Irina Enache
- Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Team 3072 "Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection", 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, CEDEX 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, CEDEX 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Sauer
- Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Team 3072 "Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection", 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, CEDEX 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Cardiology Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, CEDEX 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Team 3072 "Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection", 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, CEDEX 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Translational Medicine Federation of Strasbourg (FMTS), CRBS, University of Strasbourg, Team 3072 "Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection", 1 Rue Eugène Boeckel, CS 60026, CEDEX 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Physiology and Functional Exploration Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 Place de l'Hôpital, CEDEX 67091 Strasbourg, France
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27
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Romero-Lopez M, Oria M, Ferrer-Marquez F, Varela MF, Lampe K, Watanabe-Chailland M, Martinez L, Peiro JL. Fetal lung hypoxia and energetic cell failure in the nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia rat model. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:180. [PMID: 37055635 PMCID: PMC11439903 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) pathogenesis is poorly understood. We hypothesize that fetal CDH lungs are chronically hypoxic because of lung hypoplasia and tissue compression, affecting the cell bioenergetics as a possible explanation for abnormal lung development. METHODS To investigate this theory, we conducted a study using the rat nitrofen model of CDH. We evaluated the bioenergetics status using H1 Nuclear magnetic resonance and studied the expression of enzymes involved in energy production, the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, and the glucose transporter 1. RESULTS The nitrofen-exposed lungs have increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and the main fetal glucose transporter, more evident in the CDH lungs. We also found imbalanced AMP:ATP and ADP:ATP ratios, and a depleted energy cellular charge. Subsequent transcription levels and protein expression of the enzymes involved in bioenergetics confirm the attempt to prevent the energy collapse with the increase in lactate dehydrogenase C, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 and 2, adenosine monophosphate deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2, and liver kinase B1, while decreasing ATP synthase. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that changes in energy production could play a role in CDH pathogenesis. If confirmed in other animal models and humans, this could lead to the development of novel therapies targeting the mitochondria to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Romero-Lopez
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marc Oria
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Fernando Ferrer-Marquez
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Florencia Varela
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Miki Watanabe-Chailland
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Core, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Leopoldo Martinez
- Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica, Hospital la Paz, Instituto de Investigación La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Peiro
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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28
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Anderson JR, Morin EE, Brayer KJ, Salbato S, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Kanagy NL, Naik JS. Single-cell transcriptomic heterogeneity between conduit and resistance mesenteric arteries in rats. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:179-193. [PMID: 36912534 PMCID: PMC10085562 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00126.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium contains morphologically similar cells throughout the vasculature, but individual cells along the length of a single vascular tree or in different regional circulations function dissimilarly. When observations made in large arteries are extrapolated to explain the function of endothelial cells (ECs) in the resistance vasculature, only a fraction of these observations are consistent between artery sizes. To what extent endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from different arteriolar segments of the same tissue differ phenotypically at the single-cell level remains unknown. Therefore, single-cell RNA-seq (10x Genomics) was performed using a 10X Genomics Chromium system. Cells were enzymatically digested from large (>300 µm) and small (<150 µm) mesenteric arteries from nine adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, pooled to create six samples (3 rats/sample, 3 samples/group). After normalized integration, the dataset was scaled before unsupervised cell clustering and cluster visualization using UMAP plots. Differential gene expression analysis allowed us to infer the biological identity of different clusters. Our analysis revealed 630 and 641 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between conduit and resistance arteries for ECs and VSMCs, respectively. Gene ontology analysis (GO-Biological Processes, GOBP) of scRNA-seq data discovered 562 and 270 pathways for ECs and VSMCs, respectively, that differed between large and small arteries. We identified eight and seven unique ECs and VSMCs subpopulations, respectively, with DEGs and pathways identified for each cluster. These results and this dataset allow the discovery and support of novel hypotheses needed to identify mechanisms that determine the phenotypic heterogeneity between conduit and resistance arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Anderson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Emily E Morin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Kathryn J Brayer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Sophia Salbato
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Jay S Naik
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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29
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Lu Q, Sun X, Yegambaram M, Ornatowski W, Wu X, Wang H, Garcia-Flores A, Da Silva V, Zemskov EA, Tang H, Fineman JR, Tieu K, Wang T, Black SM. Nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase RhoA stimulates cellular glycolysis through enhanced mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103067. [PMID: 36841483 PMCID: PMC10060112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and a Warburg phenotype of increased cellular glycolysis are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in mitochondrial fission are involved in a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs). Mitochondrial fission is increased in PAEC isolated from a sheep model of PH induced by pulmonary overcirculation (Shunt PAEC). In Shunt PAEC we identified increases in the S616 phosphorylation responsible for dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) activation, the mitochondrial redistribution of Drp1, and increased cellular glycolysis. Reducing mitochondrial fission attenuated cellular glycolysis in Shunt PAEC. In addition, we observed nitration-mediated activation of the small GTPase RhoA in Shunt PAEC, and utilizing a nitration-shielding peptide, NipR1 attenuated RhoA nitration and reversed the Warburg phenotype. Thus, our data identify a novel link between RhoA, mitochondrial fission, and cellular glycolysis and suggest that targeting RhoA nitration could have therapeutic benefits for treating PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Da Silva
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center of Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St Lucie, Florida, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
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30
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Zhang C, Sun Y, Guo Y, Xu J, Zhao H. JMJD1C promotes smooth muscle cell proliferation by activating glycolysis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:98. [PMID: 36934091 PMCID: PMC10024756 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). JMJD1C, a member of the Jumonji domain containing C (JMJC) histone demethylase family, contributes to cardiovascular dysfunction. However, the role of JMJD1C in PAH remains unknown. Mice were exposed to hypoxia to mimic several features associated with PAH clinically. We found that JMJD1C was highly expressed in the lungs of mice after hypoxia exposure. JMJD1C knockdown ameliorated hypoxia-induced right ventricular remodeling and thickening of the pulmonary arterial wall. PASMC hyperproliferation and resistance to apoptosis in mice exposed to hypoxia were suppressed by JMJD1C inhibition. We demonstrated that JMJD1C silencing reduced glycolytic enzymes (HK2, PGK1 and LDHA) and lactate overaccumulation in the lungs of mice exposed to hypoxia. In vitro, hypoxia-induced hyperproliferation and activated glycolytic processes in mouse PASMCs were impaired by JMJD1C knockdown. In addition, the activation of STAT3 signaling by hypoxia was suppressed by JMJD1C silencing both in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of STAT3 reversed the inhibitory effect of JMJD1C depletion on proliferation and glycolysis in PASMCs under hypoxia. Thus, JMJD1C induces glycolytic processes by activating STAT3 signaling to promote PASMC proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling, suggesting the potential role of JMJD1C in regulating the metabolic program and vascular remodeling in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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31
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Hou C, Xie L, Wang T, Zheng J, Zhao Y, Qiu Q, Yang Y, Xiao T. Comparative transcription profiling of mRNA and lncRNA in pulmonary arterial hypertension after C75 treatment. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:46. [PMID: 36717804 PMCID: PMC9887911 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in monocrotaline (MCT)- mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lung tissues (Control-Vehicle, MCT-Vehicle, and MCT-C75) were examined by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Aberrantly expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs were analyzed by bioinformatics. Cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis were performed to detect the potential protective effects of C75, an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase. The signaling pathways associated with inflammatory responses were verified by real time-PCR. RESULTS RNA sequencing data reveals 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 147 lncRNAs in the MCT-Vehicle group compared to the control. After five-week of C75 treatment, 514 DEGs and 84 lncRNAs are aberrant compared to the MCT-Vehicle group. Analysis of DEGs and lncRNA target genes reveals that they were enriched in pathways related to cell cycle, cell division, and vascular smooth muscle contraction that contributes to the PAH pathological process. Subsequently, the expression of eight DEGs and three lncRNAs is verified using RT-PCR. Differentially expressed lncRNAs (ENSMUSG00000110393.2, Gm38850, ENSMUSG00000100465.1, ENSMUSG00000110399.1) may associate in PAH pathogenesis as suggested by co-expression network analysis. C75 can protect against MCT-induced PAH through its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These DEGs and lncRNAs can be considered as novel candidate regulators of PAH pathogenesis. We propose that C75 treatment can partially reverse PAH pathogenesis through modulating cell cycle, cell proliferation, and anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuilan Hou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Lijian Xie
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Pediatrics, JinShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingxia Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Junmin Zheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- grid.412679.f0000 0004 1771 3402The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, Hefei, 230022 Anhui China
| | - Qingzhu Qiu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China
| | - Yi Yang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XThe Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052 China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062 China ,NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction Engineering, Shanghai, 200062 China
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Identification of diagnostic biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary hypertension with metabolic syndrome by bioinformatics and machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:615. [PMID: 36635413 PMCID: PMC9837120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPAH) is a condition that affects various tissues and organs and the metabolic and inflammatory systems. The most prevalent metabolic condition is metabolic syndrome (MS), which involves insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. There may be a connection between IPAH and MS, based on a plethora of studies, although the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. Through various bioinformatics analyses and machine learning algorithms, we identified 11 immune- and metabolism-related potential diagnostic genes (EVI5L, RNASE2, PARP10, TMEM131, TNFRSF1B, BSDC1, ACOT2, SAC3D1, SLA2, P4HB, and PHF1) for the diagnosis of IPAH and MS, and we herein supply a nomogram for the diagnosis of IPAH in MS patients. Additionally, we discovered IPAH's aberrant immune cells and discuss them here.
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33
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Bousseau S, Sobrano Fais R, Gu S, Frump A, Lahm T. Pathophysiology and new advances in pulmonary hypertension. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000137. [PMID: 37051026 PMCID: PMC10083754 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive and often fatal cardiopulmonary condition characterised by increased pulmonary arterial pressure, structural changes in the pulmonary circulation, and the formation of vaso-occlusive lesions. These changes lead to increased right ventricular afterload, which often progresses to maladaptive right ventricular remodelling and eventually death. Pulmonary arterial hypertension represents one of the most severe and best studied types of pulmonary hypertension and is consistently targeted by drug treatments. The underlying molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension is a complex and multifactorial process, but can be characterised by several hallmarks: inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, metabolic alterations, genetic or epigenetic abnormalities, influence of sex and sex hormones, and abnormalities in the right ventricle. Current treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension and some other types of pulmonary hypertension target pathways involved in the control of pulmonary vascular tone and proliferation; however, these treatments have limited efficacy on patient outcomes. This review describes key features of pulmonary hypertension, discusses current and emerging therapeutic interventions, and points to future directions for research and patient care. Because most progress in the specialty has been made in pulmonary arterial hypertension, this review focuses on this type of pulmonary hypertension. The review highlights key pathophysiological concepts and emerging therapeutic directions, targeting inflammation, cellular metabolism, genetics and epigenetics, sex hormone signalling, bone morphogenetic protein signalling, and inhibition of tyrosine kinase receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bousseau
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rafael Sobrano Fais
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sue Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrea Frump
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
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Xia X, Huang L, Zhou S, Han R, Li P, Wang E, Xia W, Fei G, Zeng D, Wang R. Hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 upregulation aggravates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by regulating autophagy via miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:368-377. [PMID: 36174828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lncRNA PVT1 reportedly functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-186 and miR-26b in different tissue types. In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of the miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PAH. METHODS Expression of PVT1, miR-186, miR-26b, and Srf and Ctgf mRNAs were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of SRF, CTGF, LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and Beclin-I was evaluated using western blotting. The regulatory relationship between the lncRNA, miRNAs, and target mRNAs was explored using luciferase assays. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of SRF and CTGF in situ. MTT assay was performed to assess the proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS Exposure to hypoxia markedly altered the expression of PVT1, Srf, Ctgf, miR-186, and miR-26b in a rat model. MiR-186 binding sites in the sequences of Srf mRNA and PVT1 were confirmed by luciferase assays, indicating that miR-186 may interact with both PVT1 and Srf mRNA. Additionally, miR-26b binding sites were identified in the sequences of Ctgf mRNA and PVT1, suggesting that miR-26b may interact with both PVT1 and Ctgf mRNA. In line with this, we found that overexpression of PVT1 reduced expression of miR-26b and miR-186 but activated expression of Srf, Ctgf, LC3B-II, and Beclin-I. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PVT1 by exposure to hypoxia promoted the expression of CTGF, leading to deregulation of autophagy and abnormal proliferation of PASMCs. Dysregulation of the miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Xia
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hefei second people's hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hefei third clinical college of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Enze Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wanli Xia
- Department of thoracic surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Guanghe Fei
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China.
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Bousseau S, Lahm T. Hungry for Chloride: Reprogramming Endothelial Cell Metabolism in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:11-12. [PMID: 36269721 PMCID: PMC9817906 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0386ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bousseau
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veteran Affairs Medical Center Aurora, Colorado
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36
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Astragaloside IV in Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension: an In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6319-6334. [PMID: 35917100 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of study was to find the actions of astragaloside IV (ASIV) on PAH due to monocrotaline (MCT) in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/ kg MCT was injected to rats, come after by ASIV treatment with doses of 10 mg/kg daily once or 30 mg/kg of dose for twenty one days once daily. RVSP, serum inflammatory cytokines, RVH, and the other pathological parameters of the pulmonary arteries were evaluated. ASIV attenuated the increased pulmonary artery pressure and its structure in rat modification due to MCT. Additionally, ASIV avoided the rise in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in the blood serum, and their expression of gene in the pleural parts, which was caused by MCT. ASIV promoted apoptotic resistance of HPASMCs and weakened the hypoxia-induced proliferation. ASIV shows over expression of caspase-3, caspase-9, p21, p27, and Bax, while ASIV downregulated Bcl-2, phospho-ERK, HIF-1α, and protein appearance in HPASMCs. These findings of the in vitro and the in vivo experiment indicate that astragaloside IV exerts protective effects against pulmonary arterial pressure, and may have action to be improved into pharmacological drug for pulmonary arterial pressure treatment.
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Jimenez C, Hawn MB, Akin E, Leblanc N. Translational potential of targeting Anoctamin-1-Encoded Calcium-Activated chloride channels in hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115320. [PMID: 36279919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) provide a depolarizing stimulus to a variety of tissues through chloride efflux in response to a rise in internal Ca2+ and voltage. One of these channels, Anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A) is now recognized to play a central role in promoting smooth muscle tone in various types of blood vessels. Its role in hypertension, and thus the therapeutic promise of targeting ANO1, is less straightforward. This review gives an overview of our current knowledge about the potential role ANO1 may play in hypertension within the systemic, portal, and pulmonary vascular systems and the importance of this information when pursuing potential treatment strategies. While the role of ANO1 is well-established in several forms of pulmonary hypertension, its contributions to both the generation of vascular tone and its role in hypertension within the systemic and portal systems are much less clear. This, combined with ANO1's various roles throughout a multitude of tissues throughout the body, command caution when targeting ANO1 as a therapeutic target and may require tissue-selective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Matthew B Hawn
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Elizabeth Akin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Normand Leblanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
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Salt-inducible kinase 1 deficiency promotes vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension via enhancement of yes-associated protein-mediated proliferation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11016. [PMID: 36276742 PMCID: PMC9582722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial remodeling at an early stage, including excessive proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, is a hallmark of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) have been increasingly reported to play a key role in smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotype switching, which may be associated with arterial remodeling. However, the potential effects of SIK1 in PAH and the underlying mechanisms have not been explored. The aim of this study was to determine whether reduced expression or inactivation of SIK1 is associated with pulmonary arterial remodeling in PAH and to elucidate whether it is related to the Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway. Using mouse models of PAH and hypoxia-stimulated hPASMCs, we observed that SIK1 expression was robustly reduced in lung tissues of PAH mice and hPASMCs cultured under hypoxia. In hypoxia-induced PAH mice, pharmacological SIK inhibition or AAV9-mediated specific smooth muscle SIK1 knockdown strongly aggravated pathological changes caused by hypoxia, including right ventricular hypertrophy and small pulmonary arterial remodeling. Meanwhile, in hypoxia-stimulated hPASMCs, SIK1 knockdown or inhibition promoted proliferation and migration under hypoxia, accompanied by decreased phosphorylation and increased nuclear accumulation of YAP, while SIK1 overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation, migration and nuclear translocation of YAP in hPASMCs. YAP knockdown attenuated the increase in cell proliferation induced by HG-9-91-01 treatment or SIK1 siRNA transfection under hypoxia in hPASMCs. Here, we identified SIK1 as an antiproliferative factor in hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial remodeling via YAP-mediated mechanisms. These results show that targeting SIK1 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PAH.
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Alsabeelah N, Kumar V. Protective Effect of Triclosan in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: FASN Inhibition a Novel Approach. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:171-177. [PMID: 37051426 PMCID: PMC10084994 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_307_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Novel pharmacological approaches are needed to improve the outcomes of patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitors have shown beneficial effects in preclinical models of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), because of their role in the regulation of pulmonary artery vasoconstrictor tone and remodeling. Objective We compared a Triclosan (FASN inhibitor), for the first time with the dual endothelin receptor antagonist, macitentan, in a monocrotaline-induced rat pulmonary hypertension model. Methods Different methods (hemodynamics, histology of right ventricle and pulmonary vessels, and circulating biomarkers) showed consistently that 30 mg/kg daily of Triclosan (FASN inhibitor) and 10 mg/kg daily of macitentan slowed the progression of PAH both at the functional and structural levels. Results Treatments started on day 14 after monocrotaline injection and lasted 14 days. The findings of all experimental methods show that the FASN inhibitor has more similar effects as compared to macitentan. Conclusion Our study reveals that inhibition of FAS decreases RV hypertrophy and improves cardiac function associated with PAH with the regulation of metabolic functions and governs further studies to establish "FASN inhibitor as a potential therapeutic approach" for the management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimer Alsabeelah
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Pharmacy College, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, KIET Group of Institutions (KIET School of Pharmacy), Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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40
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Liu X, Zhang L, Zhang W. Metabolic reprogramming: A novel metabolic model for pulmonary hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:957524. [PMID: 36093148 PMCID: PMC9458918 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.957524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension, or PAH, is a condition that is characterized by pulmonary artery pressures above 20 mmHg (at rest). In the treatment of PAH, the pulmonary vascular system is regulated to ensure a diastolic and contraction balance; nevertheless, this treatment does not prevent or reverse pulmonary vascular remodeling and still causes pulmonary hypertension to progress. According to Warburg, the link between metabolism and proliferation in PAH is similar to that of cancer, with a common aerobic glycolytic phenotype. By activating HIF, aerobic glycolysis is enhanced and cell proliferation is triggered. Aside from glutamine metabolism, the Randle cycle is also present in PAH. Enhanced glutamine metabolism replenishes carbon intermediates used by glycolysis and provides energy to over-proliferating and anti-apoptotic pulmonary vascular cells. By activating the Randle cycle, aerobic oxidation is enhanced, ATP is increased, and myocardial injury is reduced. PAH is predisposed by epigenetic dysregulation of DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA. This article discusses the abnormal metabolism of PAH and how metabolic therapy can be used to combat remodeling.
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Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) improves pulmonary hypertension by regulating mitochondrial and metabolic functions. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2022; 76:102156. [PMID: 36030026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and endothelial cells (PAECs), inflammation, as well as mitochondrial and metabolic dysregulation, contributes to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a potent natural antioxidant with anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective properties, is known to promote mitochondrial biogenesis. However, its effect on cellular proliferation, apoptosis resistance, mitochondrial and metabolic alterations associated with PH remains unexplored. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of PQQ in the treatment of PH. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs), endothelial cells (PAECs), and primary cultured cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia to induce PH-like phenotype. Furthermore, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats injected with monocrotaline (MCT) (60 mg/kg, SC, once) progressively developed pulmonary hypertension. PQQ treatment (2 mg/kg, PO, for 35 days) attenuated cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Furthermore, PQQ treatment in HPASMCs prevented mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics while preserving respiratory complexes, and reduced insulin resistance. In addition, PQQ treatment (preventive and curative) significantly attenuated the increase in right ventricle pressure and hypertrophy as well as reduced endothelial dysfunction and pulmonary artery remodeling in MCT-treated rats. PQQ also prevented cardiac fibrosis and improved cardiac functions as well as reduced inflammation in MCT-treated rats. Altogether, the above findings demonstrate that PQQ can attenuate mitochondrial as well as metabolic abnormalities in PASMCs and also prevent the development of PH in MCT treated rats; hence PQQ may act as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of PH.
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Carlsen J, Henriksen HH, Marin de Mas I, Johansson PI. An explorative metabolomic analysis of the endothelium in pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13284. [PMID: 35918401 PMCID: PMC9345936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is classified into five clinical diagnostic groups, including group 1 [idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-aPAH)] and group 4 (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)). PH is a progressive, life-threatening, incurable disease. The pathological mechanisms underlying PH remain elusive; recent evidence has revealed that abnormal metabolic activities in the endothelium may play a crucial role. This research introduces a novel approach for studying PH endothelial function, building on the genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of the endothelial cell (EC) to investigate intracellular metabolism. We demonstrate that the intracellular metabolic activities of ECs in PH patients cluster into four phenotypes independent of the PH diagnosis. Notably, the disease severity differs significantly between the metabolic phenotypes, suggesting their clinical relevance. The significant metabolic differences between the PH phenotypes indicate that they may require different therapeutic interventions. In addition, diagnostic capabilities enabling their identification is warranted to investigate whether this opens a novel avenue of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carlsen
- Department of Cardiology, 2141 Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - H H Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Marin de Mas
- CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P I Johansson
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,CAG Center for Endotheliomics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tseng V, Collum SD, Allawzi A, Crotty K, Yeligar S, Trammell A, Ryan Smith M, Kang BY, Sutliff RL, Ingram JL, Jyothula SSSK, Thandavarayan RA, Huang HJ, Nozik ES, Wagner EJ, Michael Hart C, Karmouty-Quintana H. 3'UTR shortening of HAS2 promotes hyaluronan hyper-synthesis and bioenergetic dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:53-75. [PMID: 35671866 PMCID: PMC9676077 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a diverse group of disorders that share a common pathway of pulmonary vascular remodeling leading to right ventricular failure. Development of anti-remodeling strategies is an emerging frontier in PH therapeutics that requires a greater understanding of the interactions between vascular wall cells and their extracellular matrices. The ubiquitous matrix glycan, hyaluronan (HA), is markedly elevated in lungs from patients and experimental models with PH. Herein, we identified HA synthase-2 (HAS2) in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) layer as a predominant locus of HA dysregulation. HA upregulation involves depletion of NUDT21, a master regulator of alternative polyadenylation, resulting in 3'UTR shortening and hyper-expression of HAS2. The ensuing increase of HAS2 and hyper-synthesis of HA promoted bioenergetic dysfunction of PASMC characterized by impaired mitochondrial oxidative capacity and a glycolytic shift. The resulting HA accumulation stimulated pro-remodeling phenotypes such as cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis-resistance, and stimulated pulmonary artery contractility. Transgenic mice, mimicking HAS2 hyper-synthesis in smooth muscle cells, developed spontaneous PH, whereas targeted deletion of HAS2 prevented experimental PH. Pharmacological blockade of HAS2 restored normal bioenergetics in PASMC, ameliorated cell remodeling phenotypes, and reversed experimental PH in vivo. In summary, our results uncover a novel mechanism of HA hyper-synthesis and downstream effects on pulmonary vascular cell metabolism and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Respiratory Medicine, Ansible Health Mountain View, CA
| | - Scott D Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX
| | | | - Kathryn Crotty
- Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Atlanta, GA
| | - Samantha Yeligar
- Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Atlanta, GA
| | - Aaron Trammell
- Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Atlanta, GA
| | - M Ryan Smith
- Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Atlanta, GA
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Atlanta, GA; Atlanta Veteran Affairs Health Care System Decatur, GA
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Atlanta, GA; Atlanta Veteran Affairs Health Care System Decatur, GA
| | | | - Soma S S K Jyothula
- Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX; Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston TX, USA
| | | | - Howard J Huang
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston TX, USA
| | - Eva S Nozik
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics Aurora, CO
| | - Eric J Wagner
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, NY
| | - C Michael Hart
- Emory University Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Atlanta, GA; Atlanta Veteran Affairs Health Care System Decatur, GA.
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX; Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston, TX.
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Sommer N, Theine FF, Pak O, Tello K, Richter M, Gall H, Wilhelm J, Savai R, Weissmann N, Seeger W, Ghofrani HA, Hecker M. Mitochondrial Respiration in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Negatively Correlates with Disease Severity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144132. [PMID: 35887896 PMCID: PMC9319555 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial and immune cell dysfunction contributes to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We thus aimed to investigate mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial gene expression patterns in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with idiopathic and hereditary PAH and their correlation to disease parameters. Mitochondrial respiration determined using high-resolution respirometry was not significantly different in PBMC when comparing an outpatient cohort of PAH patients with healthy controls. However, when directly comparing mitochondrial respiration to the hemodynamic parameters of an inpatient PAH cohort, mitochondrial respiration negatively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and positively correlated with the cardiac index (CI). Furthermore, microarray analysis shows upregulation of mitochondrial erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), as well as the regulation of genes involved in iron and heme metabolism, in the PBMC of patients with PAH, with ALAS2 upregulation in PAH patients being confirmed on the protein level. Multiple regression analysis with age and gender as confounders showed that both PVR and hemoglobin content negatively correlated with maximal respiration. Therefore, we conclude that mitochondrial function in the PBMC of PAH patients is affected by disease severity. However, further studies to investigate cell-type-specific alterations and functional consequences are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Sommer
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Finn Fabian Theine
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Oleg Pak
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Khodr Tello
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Manuel Richter
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Henning Gall
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
| | - Werner Seeger
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hossein A. Ghofrani
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Matthias Hecker
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.F.T.); (O.P.); (K.T.); (M.R.); (H.G.); (J.W.); (R.S.); (N.W.); (W.S.); (H.A.G.); (M.H.)
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Zhuang C, Chen R, Zheng Z, Lu J, Hong C. Toll-Like Receptor 3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 31:e93-e109. [PMID: 35367134 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an important member of the innate immune response receptor toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, which plays a vital role in regulating immune response, promoting the maturation and differentiation of immune cells, and participating in the response of pro-inflammatory factors. TLR3 is activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, which support the pathophysiology of many diseases related to inflammation. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that TLR3, as a crucial medium of innate immunity, participates in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by regulating the transcription and translation of various cytokines, thus affecting the structure and physiological function of resident cells in the cardiovascular system, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages. The dysfunction and structural damage of vascular endothelial cells and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells are the key factors in the occurrence of vascular diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Meanwhile, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and macrophages are involved in the development of CVDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to explore the latest research published on TLR3 in CVDs and discuss current understanding of potential mechanisms by which TLR3 contributes to CVDs. Even though TLR3 is a developing area, it has strong treatment potential as an immunomodulator and deserves further study for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhuang
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riken Chen
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Hong
- China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xiao F, Zhang R, Wang L. Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Dynamics Mediated by Dynamin-Related Protein 1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913904. [PMID: 35846374 PMCID: PMC9280643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, lethal pulmonary disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. It leads to malignant results, such as rupture of pulmonary arterial dissection, dyspnea, right heart failure, and even death. Previous studies have confirmed that one of the main pathological changes of this disease is abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, which include mitochondrial fission, fusion, and autophagy that keep a dynamic balance under certain physiological state. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), the key molecule in mitochondrial fission, mediates mitochondrial fission while also affecting mitochondrial fusion and autophagy through numerous pathways. There are various abnormalities of Drp1 in PAH pathophysiology, including Drp1 overexpression and activation as well as an upregulation of its outer mitochondrial membrane ligands. These aberrant alterations will eventually induce the development of PAH. With the process of recent studies, the structure and function of Drp1 have been gradually revealed. Meanwhile, inhibitors targeting this pathway have also been discovered. This review aims to shed more light on the mechanism of Drp1 and its inhibitors in the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics of PAH. Furthermore, it seeks to provide more novel insights to clinical therapy.
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Hsieh MCW, Wang WT, Yeh JL, Lin CY, Kuo YR, Lee SS, Hou MF, Wu YC. The Potential Application and Promising Role of Targeted Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061415. [PMID: 35740436 PMCID: PMC9220101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare yet serious progressive disorder that is currently incurable. This female-predominant disease unfolds as a pan-vasculopathy that affects all layers of the vessel wall. Five classes of pharmacological agents currently exist to target the three major cellular signaling pathways identified in PAH but are incapable of effectively reversing the disease progression. While several targets have been identified for therapy, none of the current PAH specific therapies are curative and cost-effective as they fail to reverse vascular remodeling and do not address the cancer-like features of PAH. Our purpose is to review the current literature on the therapeutic management of PAH, as well as the molecular targets under consideration for therapy so as to shed light on the potential role and future promise of novel strategies in treating this high-mortality disease. This review study summarizes and discusses the potential therapeutic targets to be employed against PAH. In addition to the three major conventional pathways already used in PAH therapy, targeting PDGF/PDGFR signaling, regulators in glycolytic metabolism, PI3K/AKT pathways, mitochondrial heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins by using their specific inhibitors, or a pharmacological induction of the p53 expression, could be attractive strategies for treating PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chien Willie Hsieh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chuang-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yur-Ren Kuo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7675)
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Wang RR, Yuan TY, Wang JM, Chen YC, Zhao JL, Li MT, Fang LH, Du GH. Immunity and inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: From pathophysiology mechanisms to treatment perspective. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ding J, Chu C, Mao Z, Yang J, Wang J, Hu L, Chen P, Cao Y, Li Y, Wan H, Wei D, Chen J, Chen F, Yu Y. Metabolomics-based mechanism exploration of pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis: novel lessons from explanted human lungs. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:990-1000. [PMID: 35354935 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension has led to global health and social problems, but the pathogenic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Dysregulated metabolism is closely associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here, we investigated metabolic profile shifts to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension. Explanted lung tissues from 13 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients, 5 pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease patients, and 16 controls were collected for untargeted metabolomics analysis with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The KEGG database and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 were used for pathway analysis. A Cox survival analysis model was applied to evaluate the predictive value of metabolites on prognosis. Protein expression levels in human and rat pulmonary arterial hypertension lungs and hypoxia-exposed human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were detected by Western blotting to study the molecular mechanisms. Significant differences in metabolites and metabolic pathways were identified among the pulmonary arterial hypertension subgroups and control tissues. The levels of spermine were positively correlated with the patients' cardiac output, and (2e)-2,5-dichloro-4-oxo-2-hexenedioic acid was positively correlated with the patients' serum creatinine levels. Patients with higher thymine levels had a better prognosis. Moreover, seven differential metabolites were associated with the AKT pathway. AKT pathway inactivation was confirmed in human and rat pulmonary hypertensive lungs and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells exposed to hypoxia. Our findings provide the first metabolomics evidence for pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis in human lungs and may contribute to the improvement in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengsheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Wan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Wuxi Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Wuxi Lung Transplantation Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,The Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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50
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Hsu CH, Roan JN, Fang SY, Chiu MH, Cheng TT, Huang CC, Lin MW, Lam CF. Transplantation of viable mitochondria improves right ventricular performance and pulmonary artery remodeling in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022; 163:e361-e373. [PMID: 32948302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the progression of pulmonary hypertension, this study tested the hypothesis that transplantation of exogenous viable mitochondria can reverse pulmonary artery remodeling and restore right ventricular performance in pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Pulmonary hypertension was induced by parenteral injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) and creation of a left-to-right shunt aortocaval fistula in rats. Three weeks after creation of fistula, the animals were randomly assigned to receive intravenous delivery of placebo solution or allogeneic mitochondria once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. Mitochondria (100 μg) were isolated from the freshly harvested soleus muscles of naïve rats. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed at 3 weeks after mitochondrial delivery. RESULTS Ex vivo heart-lung block images acquired by an IVIS Spectrum (PerkinElmer, Waltham, Mass) imaging system confirmed the enhancement of MitoTracker (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif) fluorescence in the pulmonary arteries. Mitochondria transplantation significantly increased lung tissue adenosine triphosphate concentrations and improved right ventricular performance, as evidenced by a reduction in serum levels of B-type natriuretic peptide and ventricular diameter. Right ventricular mass and wall thickness were restored in the mitochondrial group. In the pulmonary arteries of rats that received mitochondrial treatment, vascular smooth muscle cells expressed higher levels of α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain II, indicating the maintenance of the nonproliferative, contractile phenotype. The hyper-reactivity of isolated pulmonary arteries to α-adrenergic stimulation was also attenuated after mitochondrial transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Transplantation of viable mitochondria can restore the contractile phenotype and vasoreactivity of the pulmonary artery, thereby reducing the afterload and right ventricular remodeling in rats with established pulmonary hypertension. The improvement in overall right ventricular performance suggests that mitochondrial transplantation can be a revolutionary clinical therapeutic option for the management of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Neng Roan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital and College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Huang
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fuh Lam
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital and E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, I-Shou University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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