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Daneshgar N, Lan R, Regnier M, Mackintosh SG, Venkatasubramanian R, Dai DF. Klotho enhances diastolic function in aged hearts through Sirt1-mediated pathways. GeroScience 2024; 46:4729-4741. [PMID: 38976132 PMCID: PMC11336011 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a progressive decline in cardiac function, increasing the risk of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study elucidates the impact of α-Klotho, an anti-aging hormone, on cardiac diastolic dysfunction and explore its downstream mechanisms. Aged wild-type and heterozygous Klotho-deficient mice received daily injection of soluble α-Klotho (sKL) for 10 weeks, followed by a comprehensive assessment of heart function by echocardiography, intracardiac pressure catheter, exercise tolerance, and cardiac pathology. Our findings show that klotho deficiency accentuated cardiac hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, and exercise intolerance, while sKL treatment ameliorates these abnormalities and improves cardiac capillary densities. Downstream of klotho, we focused on the Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) signaling pathway to elucidate the potential underlying mechanism by which Klotho improves diastolic function. We found that decreased Klotho levels were linked with Sirt1 deficiency, whereas sKL treatment restored Sirt1 expression in aged hearts and mitigated the DNA damage response pathway activation. Through tandem mass tag proteomics and unbiased acetylomics analysis, we identified 220 significantly hyperacetylated lysine sites in critical cardiac proteins of aged hearts. We found that sKL supplementation attenuated age-dependent DNA damage and cardiac diastolic dysfunction. In contrast, Klotho deficiency significantly increased hyperacetylation of several crucial cardiac contractile proteins, potentially impairing ventricular relaxation and diastolic function, thus predisposing to HFpEF. These results suggest the potential benefit of sKL supplementation as a promising therapeutic strategy for combating HFpEF in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Daneshgar
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Renny Lan
- UAMS, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Ege T, Tao L, North BJ. The Role of Molecular and Cellular Aging Pathways on Age-Related Hearing Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9705. [PMID: 39273652 PMCID: PMC11396656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging, a complex process marked by molecular and cellular changes, inevitably influences tissue and organ homeostasis and leads to an increased onset or progression of many chronic diseases and conditions, one of which is age-related hearing loss (ARHL). ARHL, known as presbycusis, is characterized by the gradual and irreversible decline in auditory sensitivity, accompanied by the loss of auditory sensory cells and neurons, and the decline in auditory processing abilities associated with aging. The extended human lifespan achieved by modern medicine simultaneously exposes a rising prevalence of age-related conditions, with ARHL being one of the most significant. While our understanding of the molecular basis for aging has increased over the past three decades, a further understanding of the interrelationship between the key pathways controlling the aging process and the development of ARHL is needed to identify novel targets for the treatment of AHRL. The dysregulation of molecular pathways (AMPK, mTOR, insulin/IGF-1, and sirtuins) and cellular pathways (senescence, autophagy, and oxidative stress) have been shown to contribute to ARHL. However, the mechanistic basis for these pathways in the initiation and progression of ARHL needs to be clarified. Therefore, understanding how longevity pathways are associated with ARHL will directly influence the development of therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent ARHL. This review explores our current understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging and hearing loss and their potential to provide new approaches for early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ARHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Ege
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Litao Tao
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Brian J North
- Biomedical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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3
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He S, Yan L, Yuan C, Li W, Wu T, Chen S, Li N, Wu M, Jiang J. The role of cardiomyocyte senescence in cardiovascular diseases: A molecular biology update. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 983:176961. [PMID: 39209099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and advanced age is a main contributor to the prevalence of CVD. Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in old age or after cells encounter various stresses. Senescent cells not only result in the reduction of cellular function, but also produce senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to affect surrounding cells and tissue microenvironment. There is increasing evidence that the gradual accumulation of senescent cardiomyocytes is causally involved in the decline of cardiovascular system function. To highlight the role of senescent cardiomyocytes in the pathophysiology of age-related CVD, we first introduced that senescent cardiomyoyctes can be identified by structural changes and several senescence-associated biomarkers. We subsequently provided a comprehensive summary of existing knowledge, outlining the compelling evidence on the relationship between senescent cardiomyocytes and age-related CVD phenotypes. In addition, we discussed that the significant therapeutic potential represented by the prevention of accelerated senescent cardiomyocytes, and the current status of some existing geroprotectors in the prevention and treatment of age-related CVD. Together, the review summarized the role of cardiomyocyte senescence in CVD, and explored the molecular knowledge of senescent cardiomyocytes and their potential clinical significance in developing senescent-based therapies, thereby providing important insights into their biology and potential therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi He
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Tian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Suya Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Niansheng Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Meiting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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4
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Alibhai FJ, Li RK. Rejuvenation of the Aging Heart: Molecular Determinants and Applications. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:1394-1411. [PMID: 38460612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In Canada and worldwide, the elderly population (ie, individuals > 65 years of age) is increasing disproportionately relative to the total population. This is expected to have a substantial impact on the health care system, as increased aged is associated with a greater incidence of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Within the elderly population, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, therefore developing therapies that can prevent or slow disease progression in this group is highly desirable. Historically, aging research has focused on the development of anti-aging therapies that are implemented early in life and slow the age-dependent decline in cell and organ function. However, accumulating evidence supports that late-in-life therapies can also benefit the aged cardiovascular system by limiting age-dependent functional decline. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that rejuvenation (ie, reverting cellular function to that of a younger phenotype) of the already aged cardiovascular system is possible, opening new avenues to develop therapies for older individuals. In this review, we first provide an overview of the functional changes that occur in the cardiomyocyte with aging and how this contributes to the age-dependent decline in heart function. We then discuss the various anti-aging and rejuvenation strategies that have been pursued to improve the function of the aged cardiomyocyte, with a focus on therapies implemented late in life. These strategies include 1) established systemic approaches (caloric restriction, exercise), 2) pharmacologic approaches (mTOR, AMPK, SIRT1, and autophagy-targeting molecules), and 3) emerging rejuvenation approaches (partial reprogramming, parabiosis/modulation of circulating factors, targeting endogenous stem cell populations, and senotherapeutics). Collectively, these studies demonstrate the exciting potential and limitations of current rejuvenation strategies and highlight future areas of investigation that will contribute to the development of rejuvenation therapies for the aged heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal J Alibhai
- Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Toronto General Research Hospital Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Yang X, Yang X, Li B, Zhang J, Yan Z. Combined non-targeted and targeted metabolomics reveals the mechanism of delaying aging of Ginseng fibrous root. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1368776. [PMID: 39114359 PMCID: PMC11303238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1368776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The fibrous root of ginseng (GFR) is the dried thin branch root or whisker root of Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey). It is known for its properties such as tonifying qi, producing body fluid, and quenching thirst. Clinically, it is used to treat conditions such as cough, hemoptysis, thirst, stomach deficiency, and vomiting. While GFR and Ginseng share similar metabolites, they differ in their metabolites ratios and efficacy. Furthermore, the specific role of GFR in protecting the body remains unclear. Methods: We employed ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to examine alterations in brain neurotransmitters and elucidate the impact of GFR on the central nervous system. Additionally, we analyzed the serum and brain metabolic profiles of rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry to discern the effect and underlying mechanism of GFR in delaying aging in naturally aged rats. Results: The findings of the serum biochemical indicators indicate that the intervention of GFR can enhance cardiovascular, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism related indicators in naturally aging rats. Research on brain neurotransmitters suggests that GFR can augment physiological functions such as learning and memory, while also inhibiting central nervous system excitation to a certain degree by maintaining the equilibrium of central neurotransmitters in aged individuals. Twenty-four abnormal metabolites in serum and seventeen abnormal metabolites in brain could be used as potential biomarkers and were involved in multiple metabolic pathways. Among them, in the brain metabolic pathways, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism were closely related to central neurotransmitters. Butanoate metabolism improves energy supply for life activities in the aging body. Cysteine and methionine metabolism contributes to the production of glutathione and taurine and played an antioxidant role. In serum, the regulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway and proline metabolism demonstrated the antioxidant capacity of GFR decoction. Conclution: In summary, GFR plays a role in delaying aging by regulating central neurotransmitters, cardiovascular function, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and other aspects of the aging body, which lays a foundation for the application of GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Shijiazhuang Food and Drug Inspection Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Beijing Apex Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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6
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Fang Z, Raza U, Song J, Lu J, Yao S, Liu X, Zhang W, Li S. Systemic aging fuels heart failure: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic avenues. ESC Heart Fail 2024. [PMID: 39034866 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic aging influences various physiological processes and contributes to structural and functional decline in cardiac tissue. These alterations include an increased incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, a decline in left ventricular diastolic function, left atrial dilation, atrial fibrillation, myocardial fibrosis and cardiac amyloidosis, elevating susceptibility to chronic heart failure (HF) in the elderly. Age-related cardiac dysfunction stems from prolonged exposure to genomic, epigenetic, oxidative, autophagic, inflammatory and regenerative stresses, along with the accumulation of senescent cells. Concurrently, age-related structural and functional changes in the vascular system, attributed to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, impaired angiogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, impose additional strain on the heart. Dysregulated mechanosignalling and impaired nitric oxide signalling play critical roles in the age-related vascular dysfunction associated with HF. Metabolic aging drives intricate shifts in glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid accumulation within cardiomyocytes. These alterations contribute to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and impaired contractility, ultimately propelling HF. Systemic low-grade chronic inflammation, in conjunction with the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, aggravates cardiac dysfunction with age by promoting immune cell infiltration into the myocardium, fostering HF. This is further exacerbated by age-related comorbidities like coronary artery disease (CAD), atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CAD and atherosclerosis induce myocardial ischaemia and adverse remodelling, while hypertension contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Obesity-associated insulin resistance, inflammation and dyslipidaemia create a profibrotic cardiac environment, whereas diabetes-related metabolic disturbances further impair cardiac function. CKD-related fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances and uraemic toxins exacerbate HF through systemic inflammation and neurohormonal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation. Recognizing aging as a modifiable process has opened avenues to target systemic aging in HF through both lifestyle interventions and therapeutics. Exercise, known for its antioxidant effects, can partly reverse pathological cardiac remodelling in the elderly by countering processes linked to age-related chronic HF, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, senescence and declining cardiomyocyte regeneration. Dietary interventions such as plant-based and ketogenic diets, caloric restriction and macronutrient supplementation are instrumental in maintaining energy balance, reducing adiposity and addressing micronutrient and macronutrient imbalances associated with age-related HF. Therapeutic advancements targeting systemic aging in HF are underway. Key approaches include senomorphics and senolytics to limit senescence, antioxidants targeting mitochondrial stress, anti-inflammatory drugs like interleukin (IL)-1β inhibitors, metabolic rejuvenators such as nicotinamide riboside, resveratrol and sirtuin (SIRT) activators and autophagy enhancers like metformin and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, all of which offer potential for preserving cardiac function and alleviating the age-related HF burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyubing Fang
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Umar Raza
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zengcheng Branch of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Cardiovascular Department of Internal Medicine, Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Karamay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Outpatient Clinic of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shujuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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7
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Li A, Qin Y, Gong G. The Changes of Mitochondria during Aging and Regeneration. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024:e2300445. [PMID: 38979843 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Aging and regeneration are opposite cellular processes. Aging refers to progressive dysfunction in most cells and tissues, and regeneration refers to the replacement of damaged or dysfunctional cells or tissues with existing adult or somatic stem cells. Various studies have shown that aging is accompanied by decreased regenerative abilities, indicating a link between them. The performance of any cellular process needs to be supported by the energy that is majorly produced by mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria may be a link between aging and regeneration. It should be interesting to discuss how mitochondria behave during aging and regeneration. The changes of mitochondria in aging and regeneration discussed in this review can provide a timely and necessary study of the causal roles of mitochondrial homeostasis in longevity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Guohua Gong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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8
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Liao GY, Pettan-Brewer C, Ladiges W. Comparison of Age-Related Decline and Behavioral Validity in C57BL/6 and CB6F1 Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599036. [PMID: 38915625 PMCID: PMC11195229 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Variability in physical resilience to aging prompts a comprehensive examination of underlying mechanisms across organs and individuals. We conducted a detailed exploration of behavioral and physiological differences between C57BL/6 and CB6F1 mice across various age groups. In behavioral assays, B6 mice displayed superior performance in rotarod tasks but higher anxiety while CB6F1 mice exhibited a decline in short-term memory with age. Grip strength, long-term memory, and voluntary wheel running declined similarly with age in both strains. Examining physiological phenotypes, B6 mice exhibited lower body fat percentages across ages compared to CB6F1 mice, though cataract severity worsened with age in both strains. Analysis of cardiac functions revealed differences between strains, with worsening left ventricular hypertrophy and structural heart abnormalities with age in CB6F1 mice along with higher blood pressure than B6. Lesion scores showed an age-related increase in heart, kidney, and liver lesions in both strains, while lung lesions worsened with age only in CB6F1 mice. This study underscores the validity of behavioral assays and geropathology assessment in reflecting age-related decline and emphasizes the importance of considering strain specificity when using mouse models to study human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Yu Liao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christina Pettan-Brewer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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9
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Suzuki I, Xing H, Giblin J, Ashraf A, Chung EJ. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:895-913. [PMID: 38217313 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Although cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, there is a lack of therapies that target and revert underlying pathological processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of CVD, and thus is a potential target for therapeutic development. To target the mitochondria and improve therapeutic efficacy, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been proposed as promising strategies for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the mitochondria. This review will first discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the progression of several CVD and then delineate recent progress in mitochondrial targeting using nanoparticle-based delivery systems including peptide-based nanosystems, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles. In addition, we summarize the advantages of these nanocarriers and remaining challenges in targeting the mitochondria as a therapeutic strategy for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Suzuki
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huihua Xing
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Giblin
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anisa Ashraf
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Goyal P, Maurer MS, Roh J. Aging in Heart Failure: Embracing Biology Over Chronology: JACC Family Series. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:795-809. [PMID: 38597865 PMCID: PMC11331491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Age is among the most potent risk factors for developing heart failure and is strongly associated with adverse outcomes. As the global population continues to age and the prevalence of heart failure rises, understanding the role of aging in the development and progression of this chronic disease is essential. Although chronologic age is on a fixed course, biological aging is more variable and potentially modifiable in patients with heart failure. This review describes the current knowledge on mechanisms of biological aging that contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. The discussion focuses on 3 hallmarks of aging-impaired proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and deregulated nutrient sensing-that are currently being targeted in therapeutic development for older adults with heart failure. In assessing existing and emerging therapeutic strategies, the review also enumerates the importance of incorporating geriatric conditions into the management of older adults with heart failure and in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Jason Roh
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Westhoff M, Del Villar SG, Voelker TL, Thai PN, Spooner HC, Costa AD, Sirish P, Chiamvimonvat N, Dickson EJ, Dixon RE. BIN1 knockdown rescues systolic dysfunction in aging male mouse hearts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3528. [PMID: 38664444 PMCID: PMC11045846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction is a hallmark of aging in humans and mice. Here we report that a two-week treatment to restore youthful Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1) levels in the hearts of 24-month-old mice rejuvenates cardiac function and substantially reverses the aging phenotype. Our data indicate that age-associated overexpression of BIN1 occurs alongside dysregulated endosomal recycling and disrupted trafficking of cardiac CaV1.2 and type 2 ryanodine receptors. These deficiencies affect channel function at rest and their upregulation during acute stress. In vivo echocardiography reveals reduced systolic function in old mice. BIN1 knockdown using an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 packaged shRNA-mBIN1 restores the nanoscale distribution and clustering plasticity of ryanodine receptors and recovers Ca2+ transient amplitudes and cardiac systolic function toward youthful levels. Enhanced systolic function correlates with increased phosphorylation of the myofilament protein cardiac myosin binding protein-C. These results reveal BIN1 knockdown as a novel therapeutic strategy to rejuvenate the aging myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje Westhoff
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Silvia G Del Villar
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Taylor L Voelker
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heather C Spooner
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre D Costa
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eamonn J Dickson
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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12
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Mone P, Agyapong ED, Morciano G, Jankauskas SS, De Luca A, Varzideh F, Pinton P, Santulli G. Dysfunctional mitochondria elicit bioenergetic decline in the aged heart. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 39015481 PMCID: PMC11250775 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Aging represents a complex biological progression affecting the entire body, marked by a gradual decline in tissue function, rendering organs more susceptible to stress and diseases. The human heart holds significant importance in this context, as its aging process poses life-threatening risks. It entails macroscopic morphological shifts and biochemical changes that collectively contribute to diminished cardiac function. Among the numerous pivotal factors in aging, mitochondria play a critical role, intersecting with various molecular pathways and housing several aging-related agents. In this comprehensive review, we provide an updated overview of the functional role of mitochondria in cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Vanvitelli University, Naples 80100, Italy
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola 48033, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples 80131, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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13
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Lossi L, Castagna C, Merighi A. An Overview of the Epigenetic Modifications in the Brain under Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3881. [PMID: 38612690 PMCID: PMC11011998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence. These changes lead to establishing a so-called epigenetic code that dictates which and when genes are activated, thus orchestrating gene regulation and playing a central role in development, health, and disease. The brain, being mostly formed by cells that do not undergo a renewal process throughout life, is highly prone to the risk of alterations leading to neuronal death and neurodegenerative disorders, mainly at a late age. Here, we review the main epigenetic modifications that have been described in the brain, with particular attention on those related to the onset of developmental anomalies or neurodegenerative conditions and/or occurring in old age. DNA methylation and several types of histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, lactylation, and crotonylation) are major players in these processes. They are directly or indirectly involved in the onset of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Therefore, this review briefly describes the roles of these epigenetic changes in the mechanisms of brain development, maturation, and aging and some of the most important factors dynamically regulating or contributing to these changes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (C.C.)
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14
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Vijayakumar A, Wang M, Kailasam S. The Senescent Heart-"Age Doth Wither Its Infinite Variety". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3581. [PMID: 38612393 PMCID: PMC11011282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. While many factors like smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, a sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors can predispose to cardiovascular diseases, the natural process of aging is by itself a major determinant of the risk. Cardiac aging is marked by a conglomerate of cellular and molecular changes, exacerbated by age-driven decline in cardiac regeneration capacity. Although the phenotypes of cardiac aging are well characterised, the underlying molecular mechanisms are far less explored. Recent advances unequivocally link cardiovascular aging to the dysregulation of critical signalling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts, which compromises the critical role of these cells in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the myocardium. Clearly, the identification of cardiac fibroblast-specific factors and mechanisms that regulate cardiac fibroblast function in the senescent myocardium is of immense importance. In this regard, recent studies show that Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a collagen-activated receptor tyrosine kinase predominantly located in cardiac fibroblasts, has an obligate role in cardiac fibroblast function and cardiovascular fibrosis. Incisive studies on the molecular basis of cardiovascular aging and dysregulated fibroblast function in the senescent heart would pave the way for effective strategies to mitigate cardiovascular diseases in a rapidly growing elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Vijayakumar
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyothi Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India;
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
| | - Shivakumar Kailasam
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum 695581, India
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15
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Wu K, El Zowalaty AE, Sayin VI, Papagiannakopoulos T. The pleiotropic functions of reactive oxygen species in cancer. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:384-399. [PMID: 38531982 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cellular redox homeostasis is an essential, dynamic process that ensures the balance between reducing and oxidizing reactions within cells and thus has implications across all areas of biology. Changes in levels of reactive oxygen species can disrupt redox homeostasis, leading to oxidative or reductive stress that contributes to the pathogenesis of many malignancies, including cancer. From transformation and tumor initiation to metastatic dissemination, increasing reactive oxygen species in cancer cells can paradoxically promote or suppress the tumorigenic process, depending on the extent of redox stress, its spatiotemporal characteristics and the tumor microenvironment. Here we review how redox regulation influences tumorigenesis, highlighting therapeutic opportunities enabled by redox-related alterations in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Wu
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed Ezat El Zowalaty
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Brito Lucas AM, Bezerra Palacio P, Oliveira Cunha PL, Tarso Facundo H. Calorie restriction anti-hypertrophic effects are associated with improved mitochondrial content, blockage of Ca 2+-induced mitochondrial damage, and lower reverse electron transport-mediated oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:293-310. [PMID: 38630026 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2342962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Calorie restriction is a nutritional intervention that reproducibly protects against the maladaptive consequences of cardiovascular diseases. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy leads to cellular growth, dysfunction (with mitochondrial dysregulation), and oxidative stress. The mechanisms behind the cardiovascular protective effects of calorie restriction are still under investigation. In this study, we show that this dietetic intervention prevents cardiac protein elevation, avoids fetal gene reprogramming (atrial natriuretic peptide), and blocks the increase in heart weight per tibia length index (HW/TL) seen in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings suggest that calorie restriction inhibits cardiac pathological growth while also lowering mitochondrial reverse electron transport-induced hydrogen peroxide formation and improving mitochondrial content. Calorie restriction also attenuated the opening of the Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition pore. We also found that calorie restriction blocked the negative correlation of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dimutase and glutatione peroxidase activity) and HW/TL, leading to the maintenance of protein sulphydryls and glutathione levels. Given the nature of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy, we investigated whether calorie restriction could alter cardiac beta-adrenergic sensitivity. Using isolated rat hearts in a Langendorff system, we found that calorie restricted hearts have preserved beta-adrenergic signaling. In contrast, hypertrophic hearts (treated for seven days with isoproterenol) were insensitive to beta-adrenergic activation using isoproterenol (50 nM). Despite protecting against cardiac hypertrophy, calorie restriction did not alter the lack of responsiveness to isoproterenol in isolated hearts harvested from isoproterenol-treated rats. These results suggest (through a series of mitochondrial, oxidative stress, and cardiac hemodynamic studies) that calorie restriction possesses beneficial effects against hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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17
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Monzó C, Deelen J, Grönke S, Partridge L. Intermittent rapamycin feeding recapitulates some effects of continuous treatment while maintaining lifespan extension. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101902. [PMID: 38360109 PMCID: PMC10900781 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapamycin, a powerful geroprotective drug, can have detrimental effects when administered chronically. We determined whether intermittent treatment of mice can reduce negative effects while maintaining benefits of chronic treatment. METHODS From 6 months of age, male and female C3B6F1 hybrid mice were either continuously fed with 42 mg/kg rapamycin, or intermittently fed by alternating weekly feeding of 42 mg/kg rapamycin food with weekly control feeding. Survival of these mice compared to control animals was measured. Furthermore, longitudinal phenotyping including metabolic (body composition, GTT, ITT, indirect calorimetry) and fitness phenotypes (treadmil, rotarod, electrocardiography and open field) was performed. Organ specific pathology was assessed at 24 months of age. RESULTS Chronic rapamycin treatment induced glucose intolerance, which was partially ameliorated by intermittent treatment. Chronic and intermittent rapamycin treatments increased lifespan equally in males, while in females chronic treatment resulted in slightly higher survival. The two treatments had equivalent effects on testicular degeneration, heart fibrosis and liver lipidosis. In males, the two treatment regimes led to a similar increase in motor coordination, heart rate and Q-T interval, and reduction in spleen weight, while in females, they equally reduced BAT inflammation and spleen weight and maintained heart rate and Q-T interval. However, other health parameters, including age related pathologies, were better prevented by continuous treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent rapamycin treatment is effective in prolonging lifespan and reduces some side-effects of chronic treatment, but chronic treatment is more beneficial to healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf Baghdadi
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Monzó
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, Spain
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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18
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Mogck BA, Jezak ST, Wiley CD. Mitochondria-Targeted Catalase Does Not Suppress Development of Cellular Senescence during Aging. Biomedicines 2024; 12:414. [PMID: 38398016 PMCID: PMC10886841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a complex stress response marked by stable proliferative arrest and the secretion of biologically active molecules collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in aging and age-related processes, including senescence. Stressors that increase ROS levels promote both senescence and the SASP, while reducing mitochondrial ROS or mitochondria themselves can prevent senescence or the SASP. Mitochondrially targeted catalase (mCAT), a transgene that reduces mitochondrial levels of ROS, has been shown to extend the lifespan of murine models and protect against the age-related loss of mitochondrial function. However, it remains unclear whether mCAT can prevent senescence or the SASP. In this study, we investigated the impact of mCAT on senescence in cultured cells and aged mice in order to discover if the lifespan-extending activity of mCAT might be due to the reduction in senescent cells or the SASP. Contrary to expectations, we observed that mCAT does not reduce markers of senescence or the SASP in cultured cells. Moreover, mCAT does not prevent the accumulation of senescent cells or the development of the SASP in adipose tissue from aged mice. These results suggest that mitochondrial ROS may not always play a causal role in the development of senescence during natural aging and underscore the need for a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between mitochondrial ROS and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn A. Mogck
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- SENS Research Foundation, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA
| | - Samantha T. Jezak
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christopher D. Wiley
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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19
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Drekolia MK, Karantanou C, Wittig I, Li Y, Fuhrmann DC, Brüne B, Katsouda A, Hu J, Papapetropoulos A, Bibli SI. Loss of cardiac mitochondrial complex I persulfidation impairs NAD + homeostasis in aging. Redox Biol 2024; 69:103014. [PMID: 38171255 PMCID: PMC10792955 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein persulfidation is a significant post-translational modification that involves addition of a sulfur atom to the cysteine thiol group and is facilitated by sulfide species. Persulfidation targets reactive cysteine residues within proteins, influencing their structure and/or function across various biological systems. This modification is evolutionarily conserved and plays a crucial role in preventing irreversible cysteine overoxidation, a process that becomes prominent with aging. While, persulfidation decreases with age, its levels in the aged heart and the functional implications of such a reduction in cardiac metabolism remain unknown. Here we interrogated the cardiac persulfydome in wild-type adult mice and age-matched mice lacking the two sulfide generating enzymes, namely cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Our findings revealed that cardiac persulfidated proteins in wild type hearts are less abundant compared to those in other organs, with a primary involvement in mitochondrial metabolic processes. We further focused on one specific target, NDUFB7, which undergoes persulfidation by both CSE and 3MST derived sulfide species. In particular, persulfidation of cysteines C80 and C90 in NDUFB7 protects the protein from overoxidation and maintains the complex I activity in cardiomyocytes. As the heart ages, the levels of CSE and 3MST in cardiomyocytes decline, leading to reduced NDUFB7 persulfidation and increased cardiac NADH/NAD+ ratio. Collectively, our data provide compelling evidence for a direct link between cardiac persulfidation and mitochondrial complex I activity, which is compromised in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Kyriaki Drekolia
- Department of Vascular Dysfunction, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Christina Karantanou
- Department of Vascular Dysfunction, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Antonia Katsouda
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia-Iris Bibli
- Department of Vascular Dysfunction, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Germany.
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20
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Linders AN, Dias IB, López Fernández T, Tocchetti CG, Bomer N, Van der Meer P. A review of the pathophysiological mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and aging. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:9. [PMID: 38263284 PMCID: PMC10806194 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The population of cancer survivors is rapidly increasing due to improving healthcare. However, cancer therapies often have long-term side effects. One example is cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) caused by doxorubicin: up to 9% of the cancer patients treated with this drug develop heart failure at a later stage. In recent years, doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity has been associated with an accelerated aging phenotype and cellular senescence in the heart. In this review we explain the evidence of an accelerated aging phenotype in the doxorubicin-treated heart by comparing it to healthy aged hearts, and shed light on treatment strategies that are proposed in pre-clinical settings. We will discuss the accelerated aging phenotype and the impact it could have in the clinic and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Nicole Linders
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Itamar Braga Dias
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa López Fernández
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiac Imaging and Cardio-Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DISMET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Centre for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Clinical and Translational Sciences (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Hypertension Research Centre (CIRIAPA), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Jalink EA, Schonk AW, Boon RA, Juni RP. Non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1300375. [PMID: 38259314 PMCID: PMC10800550 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1300375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the largest unmet clinical need in cardiovascular medicine. Despite decades of research, the treatment option for HFpEF is still limited, indicating our ongoing incomplete understanding on the underlying molecular mechanisms. Non-coding RNAs, comprising of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are non-protein coding RNA transcripts, which are implicated in various cardiovascular diseases. However, their role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF is unknown. Here, we discuss the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs that are involved in the pathophysiology of HFpEF, namely microvascular dysfunction, inflammation, diastolic dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis. We interrogated clinical evidence and dissected the molecular mechanisms of the ncRNAs by looking at the relevant in vivo and in vitro models that mimic the co-morbidities in patients with HFpEF. Finally, we discuss the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and potential novel therapeutic targets for future HFpEF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A. Jalink
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amber W. Schonk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Frankfurt Rhein/Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rio P. Juni
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Zhou S, Zhao X, Wu L, Yan R, Sun L, Zhang Q, Gong C, Liu Y, Xiang L, Li S, Wang P, Yang Y, Ren W, Jiang J, Yang Y. Parishin treatment alleviates cardiac aging in naturally aged mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22970. [PMID: 38144278 PMCID: PMC10746429 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac aging progressively decreases physiological function and drives chronic/degenerative aging-related heart diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to postpone the aging process of heart and create products that combat aging. Aims & methods The objective of this study is to examine the effects of parishin, a phenolic glucoside isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Gastrodia elata, on anti-aging and its underlying mechanism. To assess the senescent biomarkers, cardiac function, cardiac weight/body weight ratio, cardiac transcriptomic changes, and cardiac histopathological features, heart tissue samples were obtained from young mice (12 weeks), aged mice (19 months) treated with parishin, and aged mice that were not treated. Results Parishin treatment improved cardiac function, ameliorated aging-induced cardiac injury, hypertrophy, and fibrosis, decreased cardiac senescence biomarkers p16Ink4a, p21Cip1, and IL-6, and increased the "longevity factor" SIRT1 expression in heart tissue. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that parishin treatment alleviated the cardiac aging-related Gja1 downregulation and Cyp2e1, Ccna2, Cdca3, and Fgf12 upregulation in the heart tissues. The correlation analysis suggested a strong connection between the anti-aging effect of parishin and its regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism in the aged intestine. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the protective role and underlying mechanism of parishin against cardiac aging in naturally aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xinxiu Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Caixia Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Peixia Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - JingJin Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yunmei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang province, China
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23
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Li J, Xin Y, Wang Z, Li J, Li W, Li H. The role of cardiac resident macrophage in cardiac aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e14008. [PMID: 37817547 PMCID: PMC10726886 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in longevity research have provided insights into the impact of cardiac aging on the structural and functional aspects of the heart. Notable changes include the gradual remodeling of the myocardium, the occurrence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and the decline in both systolic and diastolic functions. Macrophages, a type of immune cell, play a pivotal role in innate immunity by serving as vigilant agents against pathogens, facilitating wound healing, and orchestrating the development of targeted acquired immune responses. Distinct subsets of macrophages are present within the cardiac tissue and demonstrate varied functions in response to myocardial injury. The differentiation of cardiac macrophages according to their developmental origin has proven to be a valuable strategy in identifying reparative macrophage populations, which originate from embryonic cells and reside within the tissue, as well as inflammatory macrophages, which are derived from monocytes and recruited to the heart. These subsets of macrophages possess unique characteristics and perform distinct functions. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the roles and phenotypes of cardiac macrophages in various conditions, including the steady state, aging, and other pathological conditions. Additionally, it will highlight areas that require further investigation to expand our knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaojia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jingye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Clinical MedicineBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular DiseaseBeijingChina
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24
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Liu S, He Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang K, Deng L, Liao B, Zhong Y, Feng J. Targeting gut microbiota in aging-related cardiovascular dysfunction: focus on the mechanisms. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2290331. [PMID: 38073096 PMCID: PMC10730151 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2290331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is aging and age-related cardiovascular disease is increasing. Even after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors, readmission and mortality rates remain high. In recent years, more and more in-depth studies have found that the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids (BAs), and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), affect the occurrence and development of age-related cardiovascular diseases through a variety of molecular pathways, providing a new target for therapy. In this review, we discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and age-related cardiovascular diseases, and propose that the gut microbiota could be a new therapeutic target for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keming Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Abdellatif M, Rainer PP, Sedej S, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:754-777. [PMID: 37193857 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Normal circulatory function is a key determinant of disease-free life expectancy (healthspan). Indeed, pathologies affecting the cardiovascular system, which are growing in prevalence, are the leading cause of global morbidity, disability and mortality, whereas the maintenance of cardiovascular health is necessary to promote both organismal healthspan and lifespan. Therefore, cardiovascular ageing might precede or even underlie body-wide, age-related health deterioration. In this Review, we posit that eight molecular hallmarks are common denominators in cardiovascular ageing, namely disabled macroautophagy, loss of proteostasis, genomic instability (in particular, clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell senescence, dysregulated neurohormonal signalling and inflammation. We also propose a hierarchical order that distinguishes primary (upstream) from antagonistic and integrative (downstream) hallmarks of cardiovascular ageing. Finally, we discuss how targeting each of the eight hallmarks might be therapeutically exploited to attenuate residual cardiovascular risk in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdellatif
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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26
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Kang R, Laborde C, Savchenko L, Swiader A, Pizzinat N, Marsal D, Sainte-Marie Y, Boal F, Tronchere H, Roncalli J, Kunduzova O. Age-Related Shift in Cardiac and Metabolic Phenotyping Linked to Inflammatory Cytokines and Antioxidant Status in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15841. [PMID: 37958823 PMCID: PMC10650425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related alterations in cardiac function, metabolic, inflammatory and antioxidant profiles are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Here, we examined cardiac and metabolic phenotypes in relation to inflammatory status and antioxidant capacity in young, middle-aged and old mice. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions were performed on myocardium and immunoassays on plasma. Left ventricular (LV) structure and function were assessed by echocardiography using high-frequency ultrasound. Middle-aged mice exhibited an altered metabolic profile and antioxidant capacity compared to young mice, whereas myocardial expression of inflammatory factors (TNFα, IL1β, IL6 and IL10) remained unchanged. In contrast, old mice exhibited increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and plasma levels of resistin compared to young and middle-aged mice (p < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory signature of aged hearts was associated with alterations in glutathione redox homeostasis and elevated contents of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, echocardiographic parameters of LV systolic and diastolic functions were significantly altered in old mice compared to young mice. Taken together, these findings suggest age-related shifts in cardiac phenotype encompass the spectrum of metabo-inflammatory abnormalities and altered redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeonshi Kang
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | | | - Lesia Savchenko
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Poltava State Medical University, 23 Shevchenko, 36000 Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Audrey Swiader
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Nathalie Pizzinat
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Dimitri Marsal
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Yannis Sainte-Marie
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Frederic Boal
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Helene Tronchere
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jerome Roncalli
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Toulouse, CEDEX 9, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1297, CEDEX 4, 31432 Toulouse, France; (R.K.); (L.S.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (D.M.); (Y.S.-M.); (F.B.); (H.T.); (J.R.)
- University of Toulouse III, CEDEX 9, 31062 Toulouse, France;
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27
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Chen Q, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and alterations of peroxiredoxins in aged hearts. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111859. [PMID: 37661065 PMCID: PMC11103240 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related cardiovascular disease is influenced by multiple factors, with oxidative stress being a key contributor. Aging-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress exacerbates oxidative stress by impairing mitochondrial function. Furthermore, a decline in antioxidants, including peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), augments the oxidative stress during aging. To explore if ER stress leads to PRDX degradation during aging, young adult (3 mo.) and aged (24 mo.) male mice were studied. Treatment with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) was used to alleviate ER stress in young adult and aged mice. Aged hearts showed elevated oxidative stress levels compared to young hearts. However, treatment with 4-PBA to attenuate ER stress reduced oxidative stress in aged hearts, indicating that ER stress contributes to increased oxidative stress in aging. Moreover, aging resulted in reduced levels of peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3) in mitochondria and peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) in myocardium. While 4-PBA treatment improved PRDX3 content in aged hearts, it did not restore PRDX4 content in aged mice. These findings suggest that ER stress not only leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidant stress but also impairs a vital antioxidant defense through decreased PRDX3 content. Additionally, the results suggest that PRDX4 may contribute an upstream role in inducing ER stress during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Chen
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Departments of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Richmond Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA.
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28
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Xie K, Ehninger D. Ageing-associated phenotypes in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 214:111852. [PMID: 37454704 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a continuous process in life featuring progressive damage accumulation that leads to physiological decline, functional deterioration and ultimately death of an organism. Based on the relatively close anatomical and physiological similarity to humans, the mouse has been proven as a valuable model organism in ageing research over the last decades. In this review, we survey methods and tools currently in use to assess ageing phenotypes in mice. We summarize a range of ageing-associated alterations detectable at two major levels of analysis: (1) physiology and pathophysiology and (2) molecular biomarkers. Age-sensitive phenotypes provided in this article may serve to inform future studies targeting various aspects of organismal ageing in mice. In addition, we discuss conceptual and technical challenges faced by previous ageing studies in mice and, where possible, provide recommendations on how to resolve some of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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29
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Gao H, Wang K, Suarez JA, Jin Z, Rocha KCE, Zhang D, Farrell A, Truong T, Tekin Y, Tan B, Jung HS, Kempf J, Mahata SK, Dillmann WH, Suarez J, Ying W. Gut lumen-leaked microbial DNA causes myocardial inflammation and impairs cardiac contractility in ageing mouse heart. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1216344. [PMID: 37520546 PMCID: PMC10373503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the critical roles of microbiota in mediating host cardiac functions in ageing, however, the mechanisms underlying the communications between microbiota and cardiac cells during the ageing process have not been fully elucidated. Bacterial DNA was enriched in the cardiomyocytes of both ageing humans and mice. Antibiotic treatment remarkably reduced bacterial DNA abundance in ageing mice. Gut microbial DNA containing extracellular vesicles (mEVs) were readily leaked into the bloodstream and infiltrated into cardiomyocytes in ageing mice, causing cardiac microbial DNA enrichment. Vsig4+ macrophages efficiently block the spread of gut mEVs whereas Vsig4+ cell population was greatly decreased in ageing mice. Gut mEV treatment resulted in cardiac inflammation and a reduction in cardiac contractility in young Vsig4-/- mice. Microbial DNA depletion attenuated the pathogenic effects of gut mEVs. cGAS/STING signaling is critical for the effects of microbial DNA. Restoring Vsig4+ macrophage population in ageing WT mice reduced cardiac microbial DNA abundance and inflammation and improved heart contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jorge A. Suarez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Zhongmou Jin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Karina Cunha e Rocha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Farrell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tyler Truong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yasemin Tekin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Breanna Tan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Hyun Suh Jung
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Julia Kempf
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- the Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wolfgang H. Dillmann
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jorge Suarez
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Wei Ying
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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30
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Sagar S, Gustafsson AB. Cardiovascular aging: the mitochondrial influence. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:33. [PMID: 37583788 PMCID: PMC10426788 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated cardiovascular disease is becoming progressively prevalent due to the increased lifespan of the population. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the aging process and the corresponding decline in tissue functions are still poorly understood. The heart has a very high energy demand and the cellular energy needed to sustain contraction is primarily generated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are also involved in supporting various metabolic processes, as well as activation of the innate immune response and cell death pathways. Given the central role of mitochondria in energy metabolism and cell survival, the heart is highly susceptible to the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction. These key organelles have been implicated as underlying drivers of cardiac aging. Here, we review the evidence demonstrating the mitochondrial contribution to the cardiac aging process and disease susceptibility. We also discuss the potential mechanisms responsible for the age-related decline in mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Sagar
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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31
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Chakraborty AD, Kooiker K, Kobak KA, Cheng Y, Lee CF, Razumova M, Granzier H H, Regnier M, Rabinovitch PS, Moussavi-Harami F, Chiao YA. Late-life Rapamycin Treatment Enhances Cardiomyocyte Relaxation Kinetics and Reduces Myocardial Stiffness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.12.544619. [PMID: 37398078 PMCID: PMC10312630 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.544619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a key feature of the aging heart. We have shown that late-life treatment with mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, reverses age-related diastolic dysfunction in mice but the molecular mechanisms of the reversal remain unclear. To dissect the mechanisms by which rapamycin improves diastolic function in old mice, we examined the effects of rapamycin treatment at the levels of single cardiomyocyte, myofibril and multicellular cardiac muscle. Compared to young cardiomyocytes, isolated cardiomyocytes from old control mice exhibited prolonged time to 90% relaxation (RT 90 ) and time to 90% Ca 2+ transient decay (DT 90 ), indicating slower relaxation kinetics and calcium reuptake with age. Late-life rapamycin treatment for 10 weeks completely normalized RT 90 and partially normalized DT 90 , suggesting improved Ca 2+ handling contributes partially to the rapamycin-induced improved cardiomyocyte relaxation. In addition, rapamycin treatment in old mice enhanced the kinetics of sarcomere shortening and Ca 2+ transient increase in old control cardiomyocytes. Myofibrils from old rapamycin-treated mice displayed increased rate of the fast, exponential decay phase of relaxation compared to old controls. The improved myofibrillar kinetics were accompanied by an increase in MyBP-C phosphorylation at S282 following rapamycin treatment. We also showed that late-life rapamycin treatment normalized the age-related increase in passive stiffness of demembranated cardiac trabeculae through a mechanism independent of titin isoform shift. In summary, our results showed that rapamycin treatment normalizes the age-related impairments in cardiomyocyte relaxation, which works conjointly with reduced myocardial stiffness to reverse age-related diastolic dysfunction.
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32
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Rosen RS, Yarmush ML. Current Trends in Anti-Aging Strategies. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 25:363-385. [PMID: 37289554 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-120122-123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring functionality, and promoting longevity. Despite widespread investigation, identifying impactful therapeutics has been hindered by narrow experimental validation and the lack of rigorous study design. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and how this understanding both informs and limits interpreting data from experimental models based on these mechanisms. We also discuss select therapeutic strategies that have yielded promising data in these model systems with potential clinical translation. Lastly, we propose a unifying approach needed to rigorously vet current and future therapeutics and guide evaluation toward efficacious therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA;
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Croft AJ, Kelly C, Chen D, Haw TJ, Sverdlov AL, Ngo DTM. Overexpression of Mitochondrial Catalase within Adipose Tissue Does Not Confer Systemic Metabolic Protection against Diet-Induced Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051137. [PMID: 37238003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with significant metabolic co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia, as well as a range of cardiovascular diseases, all of which lead to increased hospitalisations, morbidity, and mortality. Adipose tissue dysfunction caused by chronic nutrient stress can result in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, hypoxia, and insulin resistance. Thus, we hypothesised that reducing adipose tissue oxidative stress via adipose tissue-targeted overexpression of the antioxidant mitochondrial catalase (mCAT) may improve systemic metabolic function. We crossed mCAT (floxed) and Adipoq-Cre mice to generate mice overexpressing catalase with a mitochondrial targeting sequence predominantly in adipose tissue, designated AdipoQ-mCAT. Under normal diet conditions, the AdipoQ-mCAT transgenic mice demonstrated increased weight gain, adipocyte remodelling, and metabolic dysfunction compared to the wild-type mice. Under obesogenic dietary conditions (16 weeks of high fat/high sucrose feeding), the AdipoQ-mCAT mice did not result in incremental impairment of adipose structure and function but in fact, were protected from further metabolic impairment compared to the obese wild-type mice. While AdipoQ-mCAT overexpression was unable to improve systemic metabolic function per se, our results highlight the critical role of physiological H2O2 signalling in metabolism and adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Croft
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Conagh Kelly
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Dongqing Chen
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Aaron L Sverdlov
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, NSW 2267, Australia
| | - Doan T M Ngo
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Barnett BG, Wesselowski SR, Gordon SG, Saunders AB, Promislow DEL, Schwartz SM, Chou L, Evans JB, Kaeberlein M, Creevy KE. A masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial evaluating safety and the effect on cardiac function of low-dose rapamycin in 17 healthy client-owned dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1168711. [PMID: 37275618 PMCID: PMC10233048 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1168711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Geroscience studies of low-dose rapamycin in laboratory species have identified numerous benefits, including reversing age-related cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovascular benefits have been observed in dogs with 10 weeks of treatment, raising questions about possible benefits and adverse effects of long-term use of low-dose rapamycin. The objectives of this study were to assess the impact of 6 months of low-dose rapamycin on echocardiographic indices of cardiac function in healthy dogs and to document the occurrence of adverse events. Methods Seventeen client-owned dogs aged 6-10 years, weighing 18-36 kg, and without significant systemic disease were included in a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, masked clinical trial. Low-dose rapamycin (0.025 mg/kg) or placebo was administered three times per week for 6 months. Baseline, 6-month, and 12-month evaluation included physical examination, cardiology examination, and clinicopathology. Three-month evaluation included physical examination and clinicopathology. Owners completed online questionnaires every 2 weeks. Results There were no statistically significant differences in echocardiographic parameters between rapamycin and placebo groups at 6 or 12 months. No clinically significant adverse events occurred. In 26.8% of the bi-weekly surveys owners whose dogs received rapamycin reported perceived positive changes in behavior or health, compared to 8.1% in the placebo group (p = 0.04). Discussion While no clinically significant change in cardiac function was observed in dogs treated with low-dose rapamycin, the drug was well-tolerated with no significant adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Barnett
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sonya R Wesselowski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sonya G Gordon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ashley B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen M Schwartz
- Epidemiology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lucy Chou
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jeremy B Evans
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Barbero NM, Oller J, Sanz AB, Ramos AM, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M, Rayego-Mateos S. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Cardio-Renal Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098209. [PMID: 37175915 PMCID: PMC10179675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD). The risk of all-cause mortality increases from 20% to 500% in patients who suffer both conditions; this is referred to as the so-called cardio-renal syndrome (CRS). Preclinical studies have described the key role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular and renal diseases, suggesting that maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a promising therapeutic strategy for CRS. In this review, we explore the malfunction of mitochondrial homeostasis (mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative stress, and mitophagy) and how it contributes to the development and progression of the main vascular pathologies that could be affected by kidney injury and vice versa, and how this knowledge may guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Mendez Barbero
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, 28037 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian M Ramos
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Spain Nephrology Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- REDINREN Spain/Ricors2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Chen B, Daneshgar N, Lee HC, Song LS, Dai DF. Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Mediates Bradyarrhythmia in Leigh Syndrome Mitochondrial Disease Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051001. [PMID: 37237867 PMCID: PMC10215409 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative stress has been implicated in aging and several cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and cardiomyopathy, ventricular tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation. The role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in bradyarrhythmia is less clear. Mice with a germline deletion of Ndufs4 subunit respiratory complex I develop severe mitochondrial encephalomyopathy resembling Leigh Syndrome (LS). Several types of cardiac bradyarrhythmia are present in LS mice, including a frequent sinus node dysfunction and episodic atrioventricular (AV) block. Treatment with the mitochondrial antioxidant Mitotempo or mitochondrial protective peptide SS31 significantly ameliorated the bradyarrhythmia and extended the lifespan of LS mice. Using an ex vivo Langendorff perfused heart with live confocal imaging of mitochondrial and total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we showed increased ROS in the LS heart, which was potentiated by ischemia-reperfusion. A simultaneous ECG recording showed a sinus node dysfunction and AV block concurrent with the severity of the oxidative stress. Treatment with Mitotempo abolished ROS and restored the sinus rhythm. Our study reveals robust evidence of the direct mechanistic roles of mitochondrial and total ROS in bradyarrhythmia in the setting of LS mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Our study also supports the potential clinical application of mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants or SS31 for the treatment of LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyi Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nastaran Daneshgar
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Zhang L, Wu J, Zhu Z, He Y, Fang R. Mitochondrion: A bridge linking aging and degenerative diseases. Life Sci 2023; 322:121666. [PMID: 37030614 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process, characterized by progressive loss of physiological integrity, impaired function, and increased vulnerability to death. For centuries, people have been trying hard to understand the process of aging and find effective ways to delay it. However, limited breakthroughs have been made in anti-aging area. Since the hallmarks of aging were summarized in 2013, increasing studies focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and aging-related degenerative diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that restoring mitochondrial function and biogenesis exerts beneficial effects in extending lifespan and promoting healthy aging. In this paper, we provide an overview of mitochondrial changes during aging and summarize the advanced studies in mitochondrial therapies for the treatment of degenerative diseases. Current challenges and future perspectives are proposed to provide novel and promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Zhang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianlong Wu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziguan Zhu
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchen He
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Renpeng Fang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ribeiro ASF, Zerolo BE, López-Espuela F, Sánchez R, Fernandes VS. Cardiac System during the Aging Process. Aging Dis 2023:AD.2023.0115. [PMID: 37163425 PMCID: PMC10389818 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process is accompanied by a continuous decline of the cardiac system, disrupting the homeostatic regulation of cells, organs, and systems. Aging increases the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, thus heart failure and mortality. Understanding the cardiac aging process is of pivotal importance once it allows us to design strategies to prevent age-related cardiac events and increasing the quality of live in the elderly. In this review we provide an overview of the cardiac aging process focus on the following topics: cardiac structural and functional modifications; cellular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction in the aging; genetics and epigenetics in the development of cardiac diseases; and aging heart and response to the exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Egea Zerolo
- Escuela de Enfermería y Fisioterapia San Juan de Dios. Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fidel López-Espuela
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group, Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vítor S Fernandes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Winicki NM, Nanavati AP, Morrell CH, Moen JM, Axsom JE, Krawczyk M, Petrashevskaya NN, Beyman MG, Ramirez C, Alfaras I, Mitchell SJ, Juhaszova M, Riordon DR, Wang M, Zhang J, Cerami A, Brines M, Sollott SJ, de Cabo R, Lakatta EG. A small erythropoietin derived non-hematopoietic peptide reduces cardiac inflammation, attenuates age associated declines in heart function and prolongs healthspan. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1096887. [PMID: 36741836 PMCID: PMC9889362 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1096887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammation that disrupt proteostasis and mitochondrial function and leads to organism-wide frailty later in life. ARA290 (cibinetide), an 11-aa non-hematopoietic peptide sequence within the cardioprotective domain of erythropoietin, mediates tissue protection by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Age-associated cardiac inflammation is linked to structural and functional changes in the heart, including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired proteostasis, hypertrophic cardiac remodeling, and contractile dysfunction. Can ARA290 ameliorate these age-associated cardiac changes and the severity of frailty in advanced age? Methods We conducted an integrated longitudinal (n = 48) and cross-sectional (n = 144) 15 months randomized controlled trial in which 18-month-old Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats were randomly assigned to either receive chronic ARA290 treatment or saline. Serial echocardiography, tail blood pressure and body weight were evaluated repeatedly at 4-month intervals. A frailty index was calculated at the final timepoint (33 months of age). Tissues were harvested at 4-month intervals to define inflammatory markers and left ventricular tissue remodeling. Mitochondrial and myocardial cell health was assessed in isolated left ventricular myocytes. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were established. Mixed ANOVA tests and linear mixed regression analysis were employed to determine the effects of age, treatment, and age-treatment interactions. Results Chronic ARA290 treatment mitigated age-related increases in the cardiac non-myocyte to myocyte ratio, infiltrating leukocytes and monocytes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, total NF-κB, and p-NF-κB. Additionally, ARA290 treatment enhanced cardiomyocyte autophagy flux and reduced cellular accumulation of lipofuscin. The cardiomyocyte mitochondrial permeability transition pore response to oxidant stress was desensitized following chronic ARA290 treatment. Concurrently, ARA290 significantly blunted the age-associated elevation in blood pressure and preserved the LV ejection fraction. Finally, ARA290 preserved body weight and significantly reduced other markers of organism-wide frailty at the end of life. Conclusion Administration of ARA290 reduces cell and tissue inflammation, mitigates structural and functional changes within the cardiovascular system leading to amelioration of frailty and preserved healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Winicki
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alay P. Nanavati
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher H. Morrell
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jack M. Moen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessie E. Axsom
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melissa Krawczyk
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natalia N. Petrashevskaya
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Max G. Beyman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher Ramirez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Irene Alfaras
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sarah J. Mitchell
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Magdalena Juhaszova
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel R. Riordon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anthony Cerami
- Araim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Michael Brines
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Steven J. Sollott
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Edward G. Lakatta,
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Regular Exercise in Drosophila Prevents Age-Related Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by High Fat and Heart-Specific Knockdown of skd. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021216. [PMID: 36674733 PMCID: PMC9865808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skuld (skd) is a subunit of the Mediator complex subunit complex. In the heart, skd controls systemic obesity, is involved in systemic energy metabolism, and is closely linked to cardiac function and aging. However, it is unclear whether the effect of cardiac skd on cardiac energy metabolism affects cardiac function. We found that cardiac-specific knockdown of skd showed impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Drosophila was subjected to an exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) intervention to explore the effects of exercise on cardiac skd expression and cardiac function in HFD Drosophila. We found that Hand-Gal4>skd RNAi (KC) Drosophila had impaired cardiac function, metabolic impairment, and premature aging. Regular exercise significantly improved cardiac function and metabolism and delayed aging in HFD KC Drosophila. Thus, our study found that the effect of skd on cardiac energy metabolism in the heart affected cardiac function. Exercise may counteract age-related cardiac dysfunction and metabolic disturbances caused by HFD and heart-specific knockdown of skd. Skd may be a potential therapeutic target for heart disease.
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Inflammageing and Cardiovascular System: Focus on Cardiokines and Cardiac-Specific Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010844. [PMID: 36614282 PMCID: PMC9820990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "inflammageing" was introduced in 2000, with the aim of describing the chronic inflammatory state typical of elderly individuals, which is characterized by a combination of elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers, a high burden of comorbidities, an elevated risk of disability, frailty, and premature death. Inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and rapid progression to heart failure. The great experimental and clinical evidence accumulated in recent years has clearly demonstrated that early detection and counteraction of inflammageing is a promising strategy not only to prevent cardiovascular disease, but also to slow down the progressive decline of health that occurs with ageing. It is conceivable that beneficial effects of counteracting inflammageing should be most effective if implemented in the early stages, when the compensatory capacity of the organism is not completely exhausted. Early interventions and treatments require early diagnosis using reliable and cost-effective biomarkers. Indeed, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that cardiac-specific biomarkers (i.e., cardiac natriuretic peptides and cardiac troponins) are able to identify, even in the general population, the individuals at highest risk of progression to heart failure. However, further clinical studies are needed to better understand the usefulness and cost/benefit ratio of cardiac-specific biomarkers as potential targets in preventive and therapeutic strategies for early detection and counteraction of inflammageing mechanisms and in this way slowing the progressive decline of health that occurs with ageing.
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Werbner B, Tavakoli-Rouzbehani OM, Fatahian AN, Boudina S. The dynamic interplay between cardiac mitochondrial health and myocardial structural remodeling in metabolic heart disease, aging, and heart failure. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:9. [PMID: 36742465 PMCID: PMC9894375 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a holistic perspective on the bi-directional relationship between cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial structural remodeling in the context of metabolic heart disease, natural cardiac aging, and heart failure. First, a review of the physiologic and molecular drivers of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction across a range of increasingly prevalent conditions such as metabolic syndrome and cardiac aging is presented, followed by a general review of the mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control (QC) in the heart. Several important mechanisms by which cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction triggers or contributes to structural remodeling of the heart are discussed: accumulated metabolic byproducts, oxidative damage, impaired mitochondrial QC, and mitochondrial-mediated cell death identified as substantial mechanistic contributors to cardiac structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Subsequently, the less studied but nevertheless important reverse relationship is explored: the mechanisms by which cardiac structural remodeling feeds back to further alter mitochondrial bioenergetic function. We then provide a condensed pathogenesis of several increasingly important clinical conditions in which these relationships are central: diabetic cardiomyopathy, age-associated declines in cardiac function, and the progression to heart failure, with or without preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we identify promising therapeutic opportunities targeting mitochondrial function in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werbner
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Amir Nima Fatahian
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Lazzeroni D, Villatore A, Souryal G, Pili G, Peretto G. The Aging Heart: A Molecular and Clinical Challenge. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16033. [PMID: 36555671 PMCID: PMC9783309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with an increasing burden of morbidity, especially for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). General cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies present a significant prevalence in older people, and are characterized by peculiar clinical manifestations that have distinct features compared with the same conditions in a younger population. Remarkably, the aging heart phenotype in both healthy individuals and patients with CVD reflects modifications at the cellular level. An improvement in the knowledge of the physiological and pathological molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac aging could improve clinical management of older patients and offer new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Villatore
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Electrophysiology, Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Souryal
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pili
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- School of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Electrophysiology, Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Yi W, Chen F, Zhang H, Tang P, Yuan M, Wen J, Wang S, Cai Z. Role of angiotensin II in aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1002138. [PMID: 36533172 PMCID: PMC9755866 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable progressive decline in physiological organ function that increases the chance of disease and death. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the regulation of vasoconstriction, fluid homeostasis, cell growth, fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In recent years, unprecedented advancement has been made in the RAS study, particularly with the observation that angiotensin II (Ang II), the central product of the RAS, plays a significant role in aging and chronic disease burden with aging. Binding to its receptors (Ang II type 1 receptor - AT1R in particular), Ang II acts as a mediator in the aging process by increasing free radical production and, consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition. In this review, we examine the physiological function of the RAS and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources in detail, highlighting how Ang II amplifies or drives mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere attrition underlying each hallmark of aging and contributes to the development of aging and age-linked diseases. Accordingly, the Ang II/AT1R pathway opens a new preventive and therapeutic direction for delaying aging and reducing the incidence of age-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Yi
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiji Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Department and Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Institute Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Saadeh K, Nantha Kumar N, Fazmin IT, Edling CE, Jeevaratnam K. Anti-malarial drugs: Mechanisms underlying their proarrhythmic effects. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:5237-5258. [PMID: 36165125 PMCID: PMC9828855 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains the leading cause of parasitic death in the world. Artemisinin resistance is an emerging threat indicating an imminent need for novel combination therapy. Given the key role of mass drug administration, it is pivotal that the safety of anti-malarial drugs is investigated thoroughly prior to widespread use. Cardiotoxicity, most prominently arrhythmic risk, has been a concern for anti-malarial drugs. We clarify the likely underlying mechanisms by which anti-malarial drugs predispose to arrhythmias. These relate to disruption of (1) action potential upstroke due to effects on the sodium currents, (2) action potential repolarisation due to effects on the potassium currents, (3) cellular calcium homeostasis, (4) mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species production and (5) cardiac fibrosis. Together, these alterations promote arrhythmic triggers and substrates. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to assess the safety of these drugs, stratify patients based on arrhythmic risk and guide future anti-malarial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Saadeh
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK,School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Ibrahim Talal Fazmin
- Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK,School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Nickel K, Zhu L, Mangalindan R, Snyder JM, Tucker M, Whitson J, Sweetwyne M, Valencia AP, Klug J, Jiang Z, Marcinek DJ, Rabinovitch P, Ladiges W. Long-term treatment with Elamipretide enhances healthy aging phenotypes in mice. AGING PATHOBIOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2022; 4:76-83. [PMID: 36250163 PMCID: PMC9562127 DOI: 10.31491/apt.2022.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Disruption of metabolic and bioenergetic homeostasis related to mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of aging biology. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial function would be a rational approach to slowing aging. Elamipretide (Elam, a.k.a. SS-31) is a peptide known to target mitochondria and suppress mammalian signs of aging. The present study was designed to examine the phenotypic effects of long-term Elam treatment on aging in C57BL/6 mice starting at 18 months of age. Methods Mice were fed regular chow (RC diet) or a diet high in fat and sugar (HF diet) and treated with 3 mg/kg of Elam or saline subcutaneously 5 days per week for 10 months. Physiological performance assessments were conducted at 28 months of age. Results Elam improved the physical performance of males but not females, while in females Elam improved cognitive performance and enhanced the maintenance of body weight and fat mass. It also improved diastolic function in both males and females, but to a greater extent in males. The HF diet over 10 months had a negative effect on health span, as it increased body fat and decreased muscle strength and heart function, especially in females. Conclusions Elam enhanced healthy aging and cardiac function in both male and female mice, although the specific effects on function differed between sexes. In females, the treatment led to better cognitive performance and maintenance of body composition, while in males, performance on a rotating rod was preserved. These overall observations have translational implications for considering additional studies using Elam in therapeutic or preventive approaches for aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Nickel
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lida Zhu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruby Mangalindan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica M. Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Tucker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy Whitson
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Maryia Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ana P. Valencia
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenna Klug
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David J. Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Pang L, Jiang X, Lian X, Chen J, Song EF, Jin LG, Xia ZY, Ma HC, Cai Y. Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:33. [PMID: 35786219 PMCID: PMC9252041 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction (CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas: (1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling; (2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women; (3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CR-mimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Health Promotion Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000, Guangdong, China
| | - Er-Fei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei-Gang Jin
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Chun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Thomas C, Wurzer L, Malle E, Ristow M, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT. Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis as a Pleiotropic Effect of Commonly Used Drugs. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:905261. [PMID: 35821802 PMCID: PMC9261327 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.905261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Age-associated diseases represent a growing burden for global health systems in our aging society. Consequently, we urgently need innovative strategies to counteract these pathological disturbances. Overwhelming generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with age-related damage, leading to cellular dysfunction and, ultimately, diseases. However, low-dose ROS act as crucial signaling molecules and inducers of a vaccination-like response to boost antioxidant defense mechanisms, known as mitohormesis. Consequently, modulation of ROS homeostasis by nutrition, exercise, or pharmacological interventions is critical in aging. Numerous nutrients and approved drugs exhibit pleiotropic effects on ROS homeostasis. In the current review, we provide an overview of drugs affecting ROS generation and ROS detoxification and evaluate the potential of these effects to counteract the development and progression of age-related diseases. In case of inflammation-related dysfunctions, cardiovascular- and neurodegenerative diseases, it might be essential to strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms in advance by low ROS level rises to boost the individual ROS defense mechanisms. In contrast, induction of overwhelming ROS production might be helpful to fight pathogens and kill cancer cells. While we outline the potential of ROS manipulation to counteract age-related dysfunction and diseases, we also raise the question about the proper intervention time and dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Thomas
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lia Wurzer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Ristow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism Institute of Translational Medicine Department of Health Sciences and Technology ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Roh J, Hill JA, Singh A, Valero-Muñoz M, Sam F. Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Heterogeneous Syndrome, Diverse Preclinical Models. Circ Res 2022; 130:1906-1925. [PMID: 35679364 PMCID: PMC10035274 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents one of the greatest challenges facing cardiovascular medicine today. Despite being the most common form of heart failure worldwide, there has been limited success in developing therapeutics for this syndrome. This is largely due to our incomplete understanding of the biology driving its systemic pathophysiology and the heterogeneity of clinical phenotypes, which are increasingly being recognized as distinct HFpEF phenogroups. Development of efficacious therapeutics fundamentally relies on robust preclinical models that not only faithfully recapitulate key features of the clinical syndrome but also enable rigorous investigation of putative mechanisms of disease in the context of clinically relevant phenotypes. In this review, we propose a preclinical research strategy that is conceptually grounded in model diversification and aims to better align with our evolving understanding of the heterogeneity of clinical HFpEF. Although heterogeneity is often viewed as a major obstacle in preclinical HFpEF research, we challenge this notion and argue that embracing it may be the key to demystifying its pathobiology. Here, we first provide an overarching guideline for developing HFpEF models through a stepwise approach of comprehensive cardiac and extra-cardiac phenotyping. We then present an overview of currently available models, focused on the 3 leading phenogroups, which are primarily based on aging, cardiometabolic stress, and chronic hypertension. We discuss how well these models reflect their clinically relevant phenogroup and highlight some of the more recent mechanistic insights they are providing into the complex pathophysiology underlying HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Roh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.R., A.S.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
- Department of Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Abhilasha Singh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.R., A.S.)
| | - María Valero-Muñoz
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., F.S.)
| | - Flora Sam
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, MA (M.V.-M., F.S.)
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Parkinson EK, Prime SS. Oral Senescence: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Research. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.822397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest occurring following multiple rounds of cell division (replicative senescence) or in response to cellular stresses such as ionizing radiation, signaling imbalances and oxidative damage (stress-induced premature senescence). Even very small numbers of senescent cells can be deleterious and there is evidence that senescent cells are instrumental in a number of oral pathologies including cancer, oral sub mucous fibrosis and the side effects of cancer therapy. In addition, senescent cells are present and possibly important in periodontal disease and other chronic inflammatory conditions of the oral cavity. However, senescence is a double-edged sword because although it operates as a suppressor of malignancy in pre-malignant epithelia, senescent cells in the neoplastic environment promote tumor growth and progression. Many of the effects of senescent cells are dependent on the secretion of an array of diverse therapeutically targetable proteins known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. However, as senescence may have beneficial roles in wound repair, preventing fibrosis and stem cell activation the clinical exploitation of senescent cells is not straightforward. Here, we discuss biological mechanisms of senescence and we review the current approaches to target senescent cells therapeutically, including senostatics and senolytics which are entering clinical trials.
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