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Van Buren E, Azzara D, Rangel-Moreno J, Garcia-Hernandez MDLL, Murphy SP, Cohen ED, Lewis E, Lin X, Park HR. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals placental response under environmental stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6549. [PMID: 39095385 PMCID: PMC11297347 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The placenta is crucial for fetal development, yet the impact of environmental stressors such as arsenic exposure remains poorly understood. We apply single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the response of the mouse placenta to arsenic, revealing cell-type-specific gene expression, function, and pathological changes. Notably, the Prap1 gene, which encodes proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1), is significantly upregulated in 26 placental cell types including various trophoblast cells. Our study shows a female-biased increase in PRAP1 in response to arsenic and localizes it in the placenta. In vitro and ex vivo experiments confirm PRAP1 upregulation following arsenic treatment and demonstrate that recombinant PRAP1 protein reduces arsenic-induced cytotoxicity and downregulates cell cycle pathways in human trophoblast cells. Moreover, PRAP1 knockdown differentially affects cell cycle processes, proliferation, and cell death depending on the presence of arsenic. Our findings provide insights into the placental response to environmental stress, offering potential preventative and therapeutic approaches for environment-related adverse outcomes in mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Buren
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Azzara
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Shawn P Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ethan D Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ethan Lewis
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Myćka G, Ropka-Molik K, Cywińska A, Szmatoła T, Stefaniuk-Szmukier M. Molecular insights into the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch under the endurance effort in Arabian horses. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:586-597. [PMID: 37565649 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that in Arabian horse muscle, long-term exercise-induced expression of genes related to fatty acid degradation and the downregulation of genes belonging to the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and insulin signalling pathways. Long-lasting physical exertion may trigger the metabolism to switch the main energy source from carbohydrates to lipids due to higher caloric content. OBJECTIVES To describe the metabolism adaptation at the whole transcriptome of blood to endurance effort in Arabian horses. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiment. METHODS Venous blood samples from 10 Arabian horses were taken before and after a 120 km long endurance ride to isolate the RNA and perform the high-throughput NGS transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS The results, including KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analyses, allowed us to describe the most significantly upregulated-ARV1, DGAT2, LIPE, APOA2, MOGAT1, MOGAT2, GYS1, GYS2 and downregulated-ACACA, ACACB, FADS1, FADS2 genes involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Also, the increased expression of RAF1, KRAS and NRAS genes involved in the Insulin pathway and PI3K-Akt was shown. MAIN LIMITATIONS Limited sample size, Arabians used for endurance racing were not compared to Arabians from other equestrian disciplines. CONCLUSIONS This general insight into the processes described supports the thesis of the lipid-carbohydrates metabolism switch in endurance Arabian horses and provides the basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Myćka
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ropka-Molik
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
| | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
- Center for Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Stefaniuk-Szmukier
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland
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Mi H, Hu F, Gebeyew K, Cheng Y, Du R, Gao M, He Z, Tan Z. Genome wide transcriptome analysis provides bases on hepatic lipid metabolism disorder affected by increased dietary grain ratio in fattening lambs. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:364. [PMID: 37386405 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is a principal metabolic organ and has a major role in regulating lipid metabolism. With the development of rapidly fattening livestock in the modern breeding industry, the incidence of hepatic steatosis and accumulation in animals was significantly increased. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for hepatic lipid metabolic disturbances in a high concentrate diet remain unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrate level in a fattening lamb diet on biochemical indices, hepatic triglycerides (TG) concentration, and hepatic transcriptomic profiles. In the present study, 42 weaned lambs (about 3 ± 0.3 months old) were randomly assigned to the GN60 group (60% concentrate of dry matter, GN60, n = 21) or GN70 group (70% concentrate of dry matter, n = 21) for a 3-months feeding trial. RESULTS No difference was observed in the growth performance or plasma biochemical parameters between the GN60 group and the GN70 group. The hepatic TG concentration was higher in the GN70 group than GN60 group (P < 0.05). Hepatic transcriptomic analysis showed that there were 290 differentially expressed genes identified between GN60 and GN70 groups, with 125 genes up-regulated and 165 genes down-regulated in the GN70 group. The enriched Gene Ontology (GO) items and KEGG pathways and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that the majority of enriched pathways were related to lipid metabolism. Further analysis revealed that the fatty acid synthesis was up-regulated, while fatty acid transport, oxidation, and TG degradation were down-regulated in the GN70 group when compared with the GN60 group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that GN70 induced excess lipid deposition in the liver of lambs during the fattening period, with high synthesis rates and low degradation rates of TG. The identified mechanisms may help understand hepatic metabolism in lambs with a high concentrate diet and provide insight into decreasing the risk of liver metabolism disorder in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kefyalew Gebeyew
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruiping Du
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010031, China
| | - Min Gao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010031, China
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Abaj F, Esmaeily Z, Naeini Z, Rafiee M, Koohdani F. Dietary acid load modifies the effects of ApoA2-265 T > C polymorphism on lipid profile and serum leptin and ghrelin levels among type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:190. [PMID: 35883173 PMCID: PMC9316730 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation with aimed the effect of APOA2-265 T > C polymorphism and dietary acid load (DAL) as either potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) intake interaction on metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In present cross-sectional study, 737 patients with T2DM (290 men and 447 women) were enlisted from diabetes centers in Tehran. The dietary intakes of all participants during the last year was acquired by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency (FFQ) questionnaire. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping the APOA2-265 T > C. Biochemical indises containing leptin, ghrelin, total cholesterol (Bailey et al., J Clin Invest 97:1147-1453, 1996), low-density lipoprotein cholestrol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholestrol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), high sensitivy C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and interleukin 18 (IL18) were measured by standard method. Atherogenic indices (AIP, AC, CR-I, CR-II) were calculated. The gene-diet interactions were evaluated using an GLM. The frequency overall prevalence of rs5082 genotypes was 63.82 and 36.17% for T-allele and C-allele respectively. TG, Ghrelin, and hs-CRP concentrations were significantly higher among carriers with C allele than TT homozygotes. However, TC/CC genotypes have lower PTX3 than TT homozygotes (P < 0.05). C-allele carriers had highest mean of BMI (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.006), WC (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.04), TC (PNEAP=0.03, PPRAL = 0.01), ghrelin (PNEAP=0.01, PPRAL = 0.04), and leptin (PNEAP=0.04, PPRAL = 0.03) when placed in top tertiles of NEAP and PRAL.BMI, WC, TC, ghrelin, and leptin levels may be modified in C carriers by decreasing DAL, though, further investigations are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Esmaeily
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Naeini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 141556117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 141556117, Tehran, Iran.
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Interaction between Apo A-II -265T > C polymorphism and dietary total antioxidant capacity on some oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:13-29. [PMID: 34372957 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to examine the interaction between apo A2 (Apo A-II) -265T > C SNP and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) on inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present cross-sectional study included 180 patients (35-65 years) with identified Apo A-II genotype. Dietary intakes were assessed by a FFQ. DTAC was computed using the international databases. IL-18 (IL18), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), pentraxin (PTX3), serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and 8-isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α) markers were obtained according to standard protocols. General linear model was used to evaluate the interaction. The interaction of gene and DTAC (PFRAP = 0·039 and PORAC = 0·042) on PGF2α level was significant after adjusting for confounders. A significant interaction was observed on IL18 level (PORAC = 0·018 and PFRAP = 0·048) and SOD (PTEAC = 0·037) in obese patients. Among patients whose DTAC was higher than the median intake, the levels of hs-CRP and PGF2α were significantly higher only in individuals with CC genotype. Serum TAC (PFRAP = 0·030, PORAC = 0·049) and SOD were significantly lower in the CC genotype. There was a favourable relationship between the high-DTAC and SOD (obese: PTEAC = 0·034, non-obese: PFRAP = 0·001, PTRAP < 0·0001, PTEAC = 0·003 and PORAC = 0·001) and PGF2α (non-obese: PORAC = 0·024) in T-allele carriers. The rs5082 SNP interacts with DTAC to influence several cardiometabolic risk factors. Also, we found dietary recommendations for antioxidant-rich foods intake might be useful in the prevention of diabetes complications in the T carrier more effectively than the CC genotype. Future large studies are required to confirm these results.
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Apolipoprotein A-II, a Player in Multiple Processes and Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071578. [PMID: 35884883 PMCID: PMC9313276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, playing an important role in lipid metabolism. Human and murine apoA-II proteins have dissimilar properties, partially because human apoA-II is dimeric whereas the murine homolog is a monomer, suggesting that the role of apoA-II may be quite different in humans and mice. As a component of HDL, apoA-II influences lipid metabolism, being directly or indirectly involved in vascular diseases. Clinical and epidemiological studies resulted in conflicting findings regarding the proatherogenic or atheroprotective role of apoA-II. Human apoA-II deficiency has little influence on lipoprotein levels with no obvious clinical consequences, while murine apoA-II deficiency causes HDL deficit in mice. In humans, an increased plasma apoA-II concentration causes hypertriglyceridemia and lowers HDL levels. This dyslipidemia leads to glucose intolerance, and the ensuing high blood glucose enhances apoA-II transcription, generating a vicious circle that may cause type 2 diabetes (T2D). ApoA-II is also used as a biomarker in various diseases, such as pancreatic cancer. Herein, we provide a review of the most recent findings regarding the roles of apoA-II and its functions in various physiological processes and disease states, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, amyloidosis, hepatitis, insulin resistance, obesity, and T2D.
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ApoA2-256T > C polymorphism interacts with Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International and Dietary Phytochemical Index to affect biochemical markers among type 2 diabetic patients. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1343-1351. [PMID: 34167597 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several investigations revealed the association between ApoA2 concentration and lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Dietary habits also play a major role in the health status of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the interaction of ApoA2-256T > C with dietary indexes on ghrelin and leptin hormones together with biochemical markers among individuals with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 726 randomly selected individuals with T2DM. A validated FFQ was used to evaluate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI). ApoA2-256T > C genotypes were detected by real-time-PCR. Ghrelin, leptin and biochemical markers were also assessed. ANCOVA was used for the interaction between the polymorphism and dietary indexes. A significant interaction was observed between ApoA2-256T > C and DQI-I on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Besides, the interaction of the SNP and DPI significantly affected hs-CRP and 8-isoprostane F2α (PGF2α) levels. CC in the second tertile of DPI had the lowest hs-CRP level, and it was elevated due to adhering to DQI-I (Pinteraction = 0·01 and 0·04, respectively). Moreover, T-allele (protective allele) carriers with the highest level of PGF2α and SOD activity were those in the second tertile of DPI and DQI-I, respectively (Pinteraction = 0·03 and 0·007, respectively). SOD activity, hs-CRP and PGF2α concentration may be modified in T-allele carriers and CC by the adherence to DPI and DQI-I, though additional studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Han L, Tao H, Kang L, Wang S, Diao Q, Han D, Cui K. Transcriptome and iTRAQ-Based Proteome Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Intestinal Injury Induced by Weaning Ewe's Milk in Lambs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:809188. [PMID: 35548050 PMCID: PMC9082421 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.809188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early feeding regime has a substantial lifelong effect on lambs and weaning ewe's milk can lead to the intestinal injury of lambs. To explore the molecular regulatory mechanism of intestinal injury of lambs under weaning stress, the jejunum was conducted transcriptome and then integrated analyzed with our previous proteome data. A total of 255 upregulated genes and 285 downregulated genes were significantly identified. These genes showed low overlapping with differentially expressed proteins identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). However, according to their functions, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins with the same expression trend were enriched for the similar Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, such as intestinal lipid absorption, urea cycle, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, and ferroptosis. Furthermore, the DEGs, including FABP2, ACSL3, APOA2, APOC3, and PCK1, might play essential roles in intestinal lipid absorption and immune response through the PPAR signaling pathway and ferroptosis. This study could provide new insights into early lamb breeding at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Han
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Kang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Han
- College of Veterinary Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Deping Han
| | - Kai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Kai Cui
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Karimi E, Tondkar P, Sotoudeh G, Qorbani M, Rafiee M, Koohdani F. A personalised diet study: The interaction between ApoA2 -265T > C polymorphism and dietary inflammatory index on oxidative and inflammatory markers and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14178. [PMID: 33759320 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the interaction between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and apolipoproteinA2 265T > C (ApoA2 -265T > C) polymorphism on inflammatory and oxidative markers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 157 patients with T2DM were recruited. A food-frequency questionnaire was used for DII calculation. Inflammatory, oxidative and lipid biomarkers were measured. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used for ApoA2 genotyping determination. RESULTS In the current study, serum 8-iso-PGF2α and CRP were significantly higher, and serum SOD activity was significantly lower in subjects with CC genotype than TT homozygous in both crude and adjusted (for DII and AAs intake) models. Also, C-allele carriers compared with people with TT genotype had lower PTX3 in both models. In addition, serum TG level was significantly higher in TC genotype than TT homozygous in adjusted model. Moreover, subjects with CC homozygous and high DII level had significantly higher 8-iso-PGF2α level compared to those with TT genotype and low DII (reference group) in adjusted (for BMI, age, sexuality and AAs intake) model. Our results also showed that in TC genotypes with low DII and CC homozygous with both low and high DII, PTX3 concentrations were significantly lower than the reference group. In addition, CC carriers with low DII had significantly higher CRP level compared to the reference group. Moreover, our results reported significant higher TG in TC genotype with low DII and also higher total cholesterol level in CC genotype with low DII than the reference group. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that CC genotype might predict higher inflammatory and oxidative status level compared to T allele carriers. An inflammatory diet may accelerate oxidative stress in subjects with CC genotype. However, the association between APOA2 -265T > C polymorphism and inflammation and lipid profile is presented less modifiable by DII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Karimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pourya Tondkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Interaction between Apo A-II -265T>C polymorphism and dietary total antioxidant capacity on some anthropometric indices and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e9. [PMID: 33889392 PMCID: PMC8057501 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2020.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the interaction of Apo A-II polymorphism and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) with lipid profile and anthropometric markers in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) that are at risk for atherosclerosis. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 778 patients with T2DM (35–65 years). Dietary intakes were assessed by a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. DTAC was computed using international databases. Participants were categorised into two groups based on rs5082 genotypes. The gene–diet interaction was analysed by an ANCOVA multivariate interaction model. Total cholesterol, TC; triacylglycerol, TG; high- and low-density lipoprotein, HDL and LDL; TC–HDL ratio; waist circumference, WC and body mass index, BMI were obtained according to standard protocols. Overall, the frequency of CC homozygous was 12⋅1 % among study participants. We found that a significant interaction between rs5082 variants and DTAC on mean WC (PTEAC = 0⋅044), TC concentration (PFRAP = 0⋅049 and PTEAC = 0⋅031) and TC/HDL (PFRAP = 0⋅031 and PTRAP = 0⋅040). Among patients whose DTAC was higher than the median intake, the mean of weight, WC and TC/HDL were significantly higher only in individuals with CC genotype. Also, the high DTAC was associated with a lower TC concentration only in T-allele carriers (PFRAP = 0⋅042). We found that adherence to a diet with high total antioxidant capacity can improve the complications of diabetes and atherosclerosis in the T carrier genotype more effectively than the CC genotype. These results could indicate the anti-atherogenic properties of Apo A-II. However, further studies are needed to shed light on this issue.
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Boughanem H, Bandera-Merchán B, Hernández-Alonso P, Moreno-Morales N, Tinahones FJ, Lozano J, Morcillo S, Macias-Gonzalez M. Association between the APOA2 rs3813627 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and HDL and APOA1 Levels Through BMI. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8030044. [PMID: 32120838 PMCID: PMC7148512 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The interaction between obesity and genetic traits on high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels has been extensively studied. The variance of serum HDL has a strong genetic heritability, although the studied variant only explains a small part of this variation. The goal of this study was to investigate the associations between the apolipoprotein type 2 (APOA2) rs3813627 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and anthropometric and biochemical variables, though body mass index (BMI). Methods: This study included 153 subjects (91 overweight/obese (BMI³25 kg/m2) and 62 non-obese individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m2)). The APOA2 rs3813627 SNP was selected and genotyped. Genotype analysis was performed to analyze the associations between APOA2 SNPs and anthropometric and biochemical variables through BMI. Results: The APOA2 rs3813627 TT genotype was associated with low HDL levels in comparison with the APOA2 rs3813627 GG and GT genotype in overweight/obese individuals, but not in the non-obese subjects (p < 0.05). The same trend was observed in the apolipoprotein type 1 (APOA1) protein levels (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between HDL and APOA1 levels and APOA2 rs3813627 SNP under recessive model (p < 0.05). The odds ratio for low HDL levels was 3.76 and 3.94 for low APOA1 levels. The mediation analysis of APOA2 rs3813627 SNP through BMI showed a full mediation on HDL and partial mediation on APOA1 levels (p < 0.05). Bioinformatic analysis showed that rs3813627 lies in the APOA2 promoter and overlaps motifs for several bound transcription factors. Conclusion: On the basis of these data, the APOA2 rs3813627 SNP is associated with low HDL and APOA1 levels susceptibility, and this effect was mediated by an increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatim Boughanem
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Borja Bandera-Merchán
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sant Joan Hospital, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Noelia Moreno-Morales
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Malaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Francisco José Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Lozano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Sonsoles Morcillo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-951-032-648 (S.M. & M.M.-G.); Fax: +34-27-951-924-651 (S.M. & M.M.-G.)
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.B.-M.); (P.H.-A.); (F.J.T.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERObn, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.-G.); Tel.: +34-951-032-648 (S.M. & M.M.-G.); Fax: +34-27-951-924-651 (S.M. & M.M.-G.)
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12
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Abstract
Purpose “Quantile-dependent expressivity” describes an effect of the genotype that depends upon the level of the phenotype (e.g., whether a subject’s triglycerides are high or low relative to its population distribution). Prior analyses suggest that the effect of a genetic risk score (GRS) on fasting plasma triglyceride levels increases with the percentile of the triglyceride distribution. Postprandial lipemia is well suited for testing quantile-dependent expressivity because it exposes each individual’s genotype to substantial increases in their plasma triglyceride concentrations. Ninety-seven published papers were identified that plotted mean triglyceride response vs. time and genotype, which were converted into quantitative data. Separately, for each published graph, standard least-squares regression analysis was used to compare the genotype differences at time t (dependent variable) to average triglyceride concentrations at time t (independent variable) to assess whether the genetic effect size increased in association with higher triglyceride concentrations and whether the phenomenon could explain purported genetic interactions with sex, diet, disease, BMI, and drugs. Results Consistent with the phenomenon, genetic effect sizes increased (P≤0.05) with increasing triglyceride concentrations for polymorphisms associated with ABCA1, ANGPTL4, APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOA5, APOB, APOC3, APOE, CETP, FABP2, FATP6, GALNT2, GCKR, HL, IL1b, LEPR, LOX-1, LPL, MC4R, MTTP, NPY, SORT1, SULF2, TNFA, TCF7L2, and TM6SF2. The effect size for these polymorphisms showed a progressively increasing dose-response, with intermediate effect sizes at intermediate triglyceride concentrations. Quantile-dependent expressivity provided an alternative interpretation to their interactions with sex, drugs, disease, diet, and age, which have been traditionally ascribed to gene-environment interactions and genetic predictors of drug efficacy (i.e., personalized medicine). Conclusion Quantile-dependent expressivity applies to the majority of genetic variants affecting postprandial triglycerides, which may arise because the impaired functionalities of these variants increase at higher triglyceride concentrations. Purported gene-drug interactions may be the manifestations of quantile-dependent expressivity, rather than genetic predictors of drug efficacy.
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13
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Zvintzou E, Xepapadaki E, Kalogeropoulou C, Filou S, Kypreos KE. Pleiotropic effects of apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ on high-density lipoprotein functionality, adipose tissue metabolic activity and plasma glucose homeostasis. J Biomed Res 2020; 0:1-13. [PMID: 31741463 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.33.20190048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ (APOA-Ⅱ) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) synthesized mainly by the liver and to a much lesser extent by the intestine. Transgenic mice overexpressing human APOA-Ⅱ present abnormal lipoprotein composition and are prone to atherosclerosis, though in humans the role for APOA-Ⅱ in coronary heart disease remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ on HDL structure and function, adipose tissue metabolic activity, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOA-Ⅱ or a control adenovirus AdGFP, and five days post-infection blood and tissue samples were isolated. APOA-Ⅱ expression resulted in distinct changes in HDL apoproteome that correlated with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. No effects on cholesterol efflux from RAW 264.7 macrophages were observed. Molecular analyses in white adipose tissue (WAT) indicated a stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation coupled with respiration for ATP production in mice overexpressing APOA-Ⅱ. Finally, overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ improved glucose tolerance of mice but had no effect on the response to exogenously administered insulin. In summary, expression of APOA-Ⅱ in C57BL/6 mice results in pleiotropic effects with respect to HDL functionality, adipose tissue metabolism and glucose utilization, many of which are beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Eva Xepapadaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | | | - Serafoula Filou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
| | - Kyriakos E Kypreos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Patras Medical School, Rio Achaias, TK 26500, Greece
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14
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Colom C, Viladés D, Pérez-Cuellar M, Leta R, Rivas-Urbina A, Carreras G, Ordóñez-Llanos J, Pérez A, Sánchez-Quesada JL. Associations between epicardial adipose tissue, subclinical atherosclerosis and high-density lipoprotein composition in type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:156. [PMID: 30526614 PMCID: PMC6284304 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) remains unclear. An increase in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and alterations in the composition of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with coronary artery disease, but information on its relationship in T1DM is very limited. Our aim was to determine the association between EAT volume, subclinical atherosclerosis, and HDL composition in type 1 diabetes. Methods Seventy-two long-term patients with T1DM without clinical atherosclerosis were analyzed. EAT volume and subclinical atherosclerosis were measured using cardiac computed tomography angiography. EAT was adjusted according to body surface to obtain an EAT index (iEAT). HDL composition was determined. Results The mean iEAT was 40.47 ± 22.18 cc/m2. The bivariate analysis showed positive associations of the iEAT with gender, age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, insulin dose, and triglyceride (P < 0.05). The iEAT correlated positively with small HDL, increased content of apolipoprotein (apo)A-II and apoC-III, and decreased content of apoE and free cholesterol. Multiple linear regression showed that age, apoA-II content in HDL, and waist circumference were independently associated with the iEAT. Fifty percent of the patients presented subclinical atherosclerotic lesions. These patients had a higher iEAT, and their HDL contained less cholesterol and more apoA-II and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 than patients without subclinical atherosclerosis. Conclusion Alterations in the composition of HDL in TIDM are associated with increased iEAT and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. We propose that these abnormalities of HDL composition could be useful to identify T1DM patients at highest cardiovascular risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0794-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Colom
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Viladés
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pérez-Cuellar
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Leta
- Cardiac Imaging Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Rivas-Urbina
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Carreras
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ordóñez-Llanos
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain. .,Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Sánchez-Quesada
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Research Institute of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBER of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Lai CQ, Smith CE, Parnell LD, Lee YC, Corella D, Hopkins P, Hidalgo BA, Aslibekyan S, Province MA, Absher D, Arnett DK, Tucker KL, Ordovas JM. Epigenomics and metabolomics reveal the mechanism of the APOA2-saturated fat intake interaction affecting obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:188-200. [PMID: 29901700 PMCID: PMC6454512 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The putative functional variant -265T>C (rs5082) within the APOA2 promoter has shown consistent interactions with saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to influence the risk of obesity. Objective The aim of this study was to implement an integrative approach to characterize the molecular basis of this interaction. Design We conducted an epigenome-wide scan on 80 participants carrying either the rs5082 CC or TT genotypes and consuming either a low-SFA (<22 g/d) or high-SFA diet (≥22 g/d), matched for age, sex, BMI, and diabetes status in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS). We then validated the findings in selected participants in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study (n = 379) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (n = 243). Transcription and metabolomics analyses were conducted to determine the relation between epigenetic status, APOA2 mRNA expression, and blood metabolites. Results In the BPRHS, we identified methylation site cg04436964 as exhibiting significant differences between CC and TT participants consuming a high-SFA diet, but not among those consuming low-SFA. Similar results were observed in the GOLDN Study and the FHS. Additionally, in the FHS, cg04436964 methylation was negatively correlated with APOA2 expression in the blood of participants consuming a high-SFA diet. Furthermore, when consuming a high-SFA diet, CC carriers had lower APOA2 expression than those with the TT genotype. Lastly, metabolomic analysis identified 4 pathways as overrepresented by metabolite differences between CC and TT genotypes with high-SFA intake, including tryptophan and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathways. Interestingly, these pathways were linked to rs5082-specific cg04436964 methylation differences in high-SFA consumers. Conclusions The epigenetic status of the APOA2 regulatory region is associated with SFA intake and APOA2 -265T>C genotype, promoting an APOA2 expression difference between APOA2 genotypes on a high-SFA diet, and modulating BCAA and tryptophan metabolic pathways. These findings identify potential mechanisms by which this highly reproducible gene-diet interaction influences obesity risk, and contribute new insights to ongoing investigations of the relation between SFA and human health. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03452787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA Agricultural Research Service,Address correspondence to C-QL (e-mail )
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Dolores Corella
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia and CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul Hopkins
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Bertha A Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | - Michael A Province
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Devin Absher
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Moradi M, Mahmoudi M, Saedisomeolia A, Zahirihashemi R, Koohdani F. The effect of weight loss on HDL subfractions and LCAT activity in two genotypes of APOA-II -265T>C polymorphism. Nutr J 2017; 16:34. [PMID: 28545455 PMCID: PMC5445295 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People may have different responses to the same environmental changes. It has been reported that genome variations may be responsible for these differences. Also, HDL subfractions may be influenced by different genetic variations. The aim of the present study was to determine gene-diet interactions and to evaluate the influence of weight loss on HDL subfractions between two genotypes of -265 T>C APOA-II polymorphism. Methods In the present study, 56 overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from 697 genotype-specified subjects. After matching for gender, age and BMI at the beginning of the study, an equal number of patients remained on each genotype of APOA-II (TT/TC and CC group). After a 6-week calorie restriction program, 44 patients completed the study. Serum HDL subfractions, including HDL2 and HDL3 and LCAT activity, were compared between the two genotypes and, before and after the intervention, were separated in each genotype. Results Serum concentration of HDL and its subfractions decreased significantly due to the weight loss. A comparison of the mean changes between the genotypes showed that HDL3 significantly decreased in the CC genotype while, in the TT/TC group, the serum concentration of HDL2 was significantly reduced. However, the increase of LCAT activity was not significant among the two genotypes. Conclusion A comparison of mean changes of variables within two genotype groups showed that C homozygote carriers lead to a general shift toward larger size HDL subfractions and T allele carriers shift toward smaller size HDL subfractions after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moradi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdoost Ave., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Roxana Zahirihashemi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hojatdoost Ave., Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran. .,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Reales G, Rovaris DL, Jacovas VC, Hünemeier T, Sandoval JR, Salazar-Granara A, Demarchi DA, Tarazona-Santos E, Felkl AB, Serafini MA, Salzano FM, Bisso-Machado R, Comas D, Paixão-Côrtes VR, Bortolini MC. A tale of agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers: Exploring the thrifty genotype hypothesis in native South Americans. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:591-601. [PMID: 28464262 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine genetic differences between agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer southern Native American populations for selected metabolism-related markers and to test whether Neel's thrifty genotype hypothesis (TGH) could explain the genetic patterns observed in these populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS 375 Native South American individuals from 17 populations were genotyped using six markers (APOE rs429358 and rs7412; APOA2 rs5082; CD36 rs3211883; TCF7L2 rs11196205; and IGF2BP2 rs11705701). Additionally, APOE genotypes from 39 individuals were obtained from the literature. AMOVA, main effects, and gene-gene interaction tests were performed. RESULTS We observed differences in allele distribution patterns between agriculturalists and hunter-gatherers for some markers. For instance, between-groups component of genetic variance (FCT ) for APOE rs429358 showed strong differences in allelic distributions between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists (p = 0.00196). Gene-gene interaction analysis indicated that the APOE E4/CD36 TT and APOE E4/IGF2BP2 A carrier combinations occur at a higher frequency in hunter-gatherers, but this combination is not replicated in archaic (Neanderthal and Denisovan) and ancient (Anzick, Saqqaq, Ust-Ishim, Mal'ta) hunter-gatherer individuals. DISCUSSION A complex scenario explains the observed frequencies of the tested markers in hunter-gatherers. Different factors, such as pleotropic alleles, rainforest selective pressures, and population dynamics, may be collectively shaping the observed genetic patterns. We conclude that although TGH seems a plausible hypothesis to explain part of the data, other factors may be important in our tested populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reales
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa C Jacovas
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tábita Hünemeier
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Sandoval
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Darío A Demarchi
- Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline B Felkl
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michele A Serafini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bisso-Machado
- Polo de Desarrollo Universitario Diversidad Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Tacuarembó, Universidad de la República, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - David Comas
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa R Paixão-Côrtes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Moradi M, Mahmoudi M, Saedisomeolia A, Mansournia MA, Zahirihashemi R, Koohdani F. Study of the relationship between APOA-II -265T>C polymorphism and HDL function in response to weight loss in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:965-969. [PMID: 28457653 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that people may respond differently to the same environmental changes because of genome variations. OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the present study is to determine gene-diet interactions between -265T>C apolipoprotein A-II polymorphisms and evaluate the effect of weight loss on parameters related to HDL function. METHODS In the present study, 56 overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients were chosen from 697 genotype-specified subjects. After matching for gender, age and BMI, an equal number of patients were chosen for each genotype of APOA-II (TT/TC and CC group). After six-week calorie restriction programme, 44 patients completed the study. Serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1), paraoxonase-3 (PON3), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), and PTX3 gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between two genotypes and also before and after the intervention separated in each genotype. RESULTS The mean differences of PON enzymes and PTX3 between groups were not significant at the baseline. After weight loss, the mean weight, BMI and serum concentration of PON1 and PON3 decreased significantly and PTX3 increased in total population. Although, the mean differences of PON enzymes and PTX3 between two groups were not significant. However, in comparison of mean differences within the groups, decreased PON3 and increased PTX3 have been observed only in TT group. CONCLUSION A comparison of the mean differences in PON3 and PTX3 within two genotype groups showed that T allele carriers are more sensitive to lifestyle modification, and serum PON3 and PTX3 levels significantly changed only in the TT/TC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Moradi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roxana Zahirihashemi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Keramat L, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Sotoudeh G, Zamani E, Eshraghian M, Mansoori A, Koohdani F. Apolipoprotein A2 -265 T>C polymorphism interacts with dietary fatty acids intake to modulate inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Nutrition 2016; 37:86-91. [PMID: 28359369 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several investigations have been conducted regarding the interaction between Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) -265 T>C polymorphism and dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) on obesity in healthy individuals or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) patients. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of this interaction on inflammatory markers in T2 DM patients. METHODS This is a comparative cross-sectional study on 180 T2 DM patients with known APOA2 genotype. Dietary intake was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire and serum levels of inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-18, pentraxin 3, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) were measured. The subjects were dichotomized into "high" and "low" categories, based on the median dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and SFAs. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance multivariate interaction model. RESULTS In CC genotype, higher median intake of ω-3 PUFAs and MUFAs was associated with decreased serum levels of IL-18 and hs-CRP (P = 0.014 and 0.008, respectively). In T-allele carriers, higher median intake of SFAs was associated with increased serum hs-CRP level (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between APOA2 polymorphism and ω-3 PUFA intake on serum IL-18 level (P interaction = 0.03). Moreover, the relationship between this polymorphism and SFA and MUFA intake on serum hs-CRP level was statistically significant (P interaction = 0.03 and 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In T2 DM patients, the dietary intake of antiinflammatory fatty acids, such as ω-3 PUFAs and MUFAs, could reduce the inflammatory effects associated with the CC genotype. In addition, proinflammatory fatty acids, such as SFAs, could overcome the antiinflammatory effect of the T-allele. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Keramat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zamani E, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Sotoudeh G, Keramat L, Eshraghian M, Rafiee M, Koohdani F. The interaction between ApoA2 -265T>C polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1931-1938. [PMID: 27271094 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apolipoprotein A2 (APOA2) -265T>C polymorphism has been studied in relation to oxidative stress and various dietary fatty acids. Since the interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and dietary fatty acids on oxidative stress has not yet discussed, we aimed to investigate the interaction on oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS The subjects were 180 T2DM patients with known APOA2 genotype, either TT, TC or CC. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined by colorimetric method. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum level of 8-isoprostane F2α were measured by spectrophotometry and ELISA, respectively. Dietary intake was collected through a food frequency questionnaire. Based on the median intake, fatty acids intake was dichotomized into high or low groups. The interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake was analyzed by ANCOVA multivariate interaction model. RESULTS Higher than median intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) was associated with increased serum level of 8-isoprostane F2α in subjects with TT/TC genotype (p = 0.004), and higher than median intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) was associated with increased serum SOD activity in CC genotype (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and n-6 PUFA intake on 8-isoprostane F2α concentration as well as n-3 PUFA intake on serum SOD activity (p-interaction = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The current study shows the interaction between APOA2 polymorphism and dietary fatty acids intake on oxidative stress. More investigations on different populations are required to confirm the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Zamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No: 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Keramat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No: 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiee
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No: 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No: 44, Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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Koohdani F, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Djalali M, Eshraghian M, Zamani E, Sotoudeh G, Mansournia MA, Keramat L. APO A2 -265T/C Polymorphism Is Associated with Increased Inflammatory Responses in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40:222-9. [PMID: 27352253 PMCID: PMC4929226 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein A2 (APO A2) is the second most abundant structural apolipoprotein in high density lipoprotein. Several studies have examined the possible effect of APO A2 on atherosclerosis incidence. Due to the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, we aimed to determine the relationship between APO A2 -265T/C polymorphism and inflammation as a risk factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS In total, 180 T2DM patients, with known APO A2 -265T/C polymorphism, were recruited for this comparative study and were grouped equally based on their genotypes. Dietary intakes, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers (i.e., pentraxin 3 [PTX3], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], and interleukin 18) were measured. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, a chi-square test, and the analysis of covariance. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, in the entire study population and in the patients with or without obesity, the patients with the CC genotype showed higher hs-CRP (P=0.001, P=0.008, and P=0.01, respectively) and lower PTX3 (P=0.01, P=0.03, and P=0.04, respectively) in comparison with the T allele carriers. In the patients with the CC genotype, no significant differences were observed in the inflammatory markers between the obese or non-obese patients. However, regarding the T allele carriers, the plasma hs-CRP level was significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the non-obese patients (P=0.01). CONCLUSION In the T2DM patients, the CC genotype could be considered as a risk factor and the T allele as a protective agent against inflammation, which the latter effect might be impaired by obesity. Our results confirmed the anti-atherogenic effect of APO A2, though more studies are required to establish this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Keramat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Strodthoff D, Ma Z, Wirström T, Strawbridge RJ, Ketelhuth DFJ, Engel D, Clarke R, Falkmer S, Hamsten A, Hansson GK, Björklund A, Lundberg AM. Toll-Like Receptor 3 Influences Glucose Homeostasis and β-Cell Insulin Secretion. Diabetes 2015; 64:3425-38. [PMID: 25918231 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We examined the function of TLR3 in glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes-related phenotypes in animals and humans. TLR3 is highly expressed in the pancreas, suggesting that it can influence metabolism. Using a diet-induced obesity model, we show that TLR3-deficient mice had enhanced glycemic control, facilitated by elevated insulin secretion. Despite having high insulin levels, Tlr3(-/-) mice did not experience disturbances in whole-body insulin sensitivity, suggesting that they have a robust metabolic system that manages increased insulin secretion. Increase in insulin secretion was associated with upregulation of islet glucose phosphorylation as well as exocytotic protein VAMP-2 in Tlr3(-/-) islets. TLR3 deficiency also modified the plasma lipid profile, decreasing VLDL levels due to decreased triglyceride biosynthesis. Moreover, a meta-analysis of two healthy human populations showed that a missense single nucleotide polymorphism in TLR3 (encoding L412F) was linked to elevated insulin levels, consistent with our experimental findings. In conclusion, our results increase the understanding of the function of innate receptors in metabolic disorders and implicate TLR3 as a key control system in metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Strodthoff
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center and Center for Innovative Medicine, NOVUM, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuheng Ma
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tina Wirström
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Engel
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Sture Falkmer
- Laboratory of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, Ryhov Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anneli Björklund
- Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna M Lundberg
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Koohdani F, Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh H, Djalali M, Eshraghian M, Keramat L, Mansournia MA, Zamani E. Association between ApoA-II -265T/C polymorphism and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:908-12. [PMID: 26104730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II) constitutes approximately 20% of the total HDL protein content. The results of various studies on the relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the plasma ApoA-II level are contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ApoA-II polymorphism and oxidative stress (OS) as a risk factor for CVD. METHODS The present comparative study was carried out on 180 obese and non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes, with equal numbers of CC, TC, and TT genotypes of ApoA-II -265T/C gene. The ApoA-II genotype was determined by the TaqMan assay method. The anthropometric measurements and serum levels of lipid profile, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and 8-isoprostaneF2α were measured. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, in the total study population and in obese and non-obese groups, the subjects with CC genotype had a lower mean serum SOD activity (p=0.002, p=0.007 and p=0.005, respectively) and higher mean 8-isoprostaneF2α concentration (p<0.001, p=0.003 and p=0.004, respectively) than the T-allele carriers. In the TT/TC group, the mean 8-isoprostanF2α concentration was significantly higher in the obese subjects than the non-obese subjects (p=0.009). In the CC group, no significant differences were found in the OS factors between obese and non-obese groups. CONCLUSION The T allele in patients with type 2 diabetes is a protective factor against OS; obesity inhibits this protective effect. The results of this study represent the anti-atherogenic properties of ApoA-II. However, further studies are needed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Keramat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Mansournia
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Noorshahi N, Sotoudeh G, Djalali M, Eshraghian MR, Keramatipour M, Basiri MG, Doostan F, Koohdani F. APOA II genotypes frequency and their interaction with saturated fatty acids consumption on lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Nutr 2015. [PMID: 26210798 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Several studies have suggested that APOA II-265T/C polymorphism affect lipid profile. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of -265T/C APOA II polymorphism and saturated fatty acids (SFA) intake interaction on lipid profile in diabetic population who are at risk for lipid disorders. METHODS In this cross sectional study, 697 type 2 diabetic patients participated. Food consumption data were collected using validated semi-quantitative FFQ during the last year. Realtime-PCR was used to determine APOA II-265T/C genotypes. The interaction between the genotypes and SFA intake with lipid profile was tested using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). RESULTS According to APOA II-265T/C (rs5082) genotype distribution results, CC genotype with a frequency of 12.9% and TC with that of 47.7% showed the lowest and highest frequency in our population, respectively. CC genotype subjects had significantly lower total cholesterol, triglyceride, Cholesterol/HDL-c ratio and non-HDL cholesterol than T allele carriers (p = 0.009, p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p = 0.002, respectively). The interaction between genotype and SFA intake contributed to significant higher levels of LDL-c and LDL/HDL in CCs (p = 0.05 and p = 0.01), suggesting vulnerability of these individuals to high intake of SFA in the diet. CONCLUSION APOA II polymorphism may influence the saturated fatty acid intake required to prevent dyslipidemia in the type 2 diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Noorshahi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Keramatipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Marjan Ghane Basiri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Doostan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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APOA2 -256T>C polymorphism interacts with saturated fatty acids intake to affect anthropometric and hormonal variables in type 2 diabetic patients. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:464. [PMID: 25904114 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established the interaction between APOA2 -256T>C polymorphism and dietary saturated fatty acids intake in relation to obesity on healthy individuals. In the current study, we investigate the effects of this interaction on anthropometric variables and serum levels of leptin and ghrelin in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, 737 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (290 males and 447 females) were recruited from diabetes clinics in Tehran. The usual dietary intake of all participants during the last year was obtained by validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. APOA2 genotyping was performed by real-time PCR on genomic DNA. No significant relation was obtained by univariate analysis between anthropometric variables and APOA2 genotypes. However, after adjusting for age, gender, physical activity and total energy intake, we identified a significant interaction between APOA2-saturated fatty acids intake and body mass index (BMI). After adjusting for potential confounders, serum levels of ghrelin in CC genotype patients were significantly higher than T allele carriers (p = 0.03), whereas the case with leptin did not reveal a significant difference. The result of this study confirmed the interaction between APOA2 -256T>C polymorphism and SFAs intake with BMI in type 2 diabetic patients. In fact, homozygous patients for the C allele with high saturated fatty acids intake had higher BMI. The APOA2 -256T>C polymorphism was associated with elevated levels of serum ghrelin.
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Zaki ME, Amr KS, Abdel-Hamid M. Evaluating the association of APOA2 polymorphism with insulin resistance in adolescents. Meta Gene 2014; 2:366-73. [PMID: 25606421 PMCID: PMC4287816 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 265T>C SNP in the APOA-II gene promoter may be associated with obesity risk and insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to analyze the association between the APOA2 − 265T>C SNP and risk for obesity and IR in adolescents. Material and methods The study was conducted on 500 adolescents. They were 240 obese and 260 non-obese individuals, aged 16–21 years old. Their mean age was 18.25 ± 2.54 years. Variables examined body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body fat percentage (BF%), and abdominal visceral fat layer. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as a biomarker for IR. BF% was assessed by body composition analyzer and abdominal visceral fat thickness was determined by ultrasonography. The APOA2 − 265T>C polymorphism genotype was analyzed by PCR amplification of a 273-bp fragment. Results Genotype frequencies were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the mutant C allele was significantly higher in obese cases than non-obese cases. After multivariate adjustment, waist, BF%, visceral adipose layer and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in homozygous allele CC carriers than TT + TC carriers. Homozygous individuals for the CC allele had statistically higher values of energy intake, total fat (g/day) and saturated fat (SATFAT) than carriers of the T allele. Conclusions Homozygous individuals for the C allele had higher obesity risk than carriers of the T allele and had elevated levels of visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, the present study shows that the CC polymorphism is associated with the development of IR [OR 1.89 (1.35–2.91), P = .012] and remains significant after adjusting for gender, age and body mass index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Erfan Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Khalda Sayed Amr
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Hamid
- Medical Molecular Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Egypt
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APOA2 Polymorphism in Relation to Obesity and Lipid Metabolism. CHOLESTEROL 2013; 2013:289481. [PMID: 24382995 PMCID: PMC3872025 DOI: 10.1155/2013/289481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aims to analysis the relationship between c.-492T>C polymorphism in APOA2 gene and the risk for obesity in a sample of Egyptian adolescents and investigates its effect on body fat distribution and lipid metabolism. Material and Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 303 adolescents. They were 196 obese and 107 nonobese, aged 16–19 years old. Variables examined included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio (WHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal visceral fat layer, and dietary intake. Abdominal visceral fat thickness was determined by ultrasonography. The polymorphism in the APOA2 c.-492T>C was analyzed by PCR amplification. Results. Genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the mutant C allele was significantly higher in obese cases compared to nonobese. After multivariate adjustment, waist, BF% and visceral adipose layer, food consumption, and HDL-C were significantly higher in homozygous allele CC carriers than TT+TC carriers. Conclusions. Homozygous individuals for the C allele had higher obesity risk than carriers of the T allele and had elevated levels of visceral adipose tissue and serum HDL-C. Moreover, the study shows association between the APOA2 c.-492T>C polymorphism and food consumption.
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Smith CE, Tucker KL, Arnett DK, Noel SE, Corella D, Borecki IB, Feitosa MF, Aslibekyan S, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Lee YC, Ordovás JM. Apolipoprotein A2 polymorphism interacts with intakes of dairy foods to influence body weight in 2 U.S. populations. J Nutr 2013; 143:1865-71. [PMID: 24108135 PMCID: PMC3827635 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.179051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between a functional apolipoprotein A2 gene (APOA2) variant and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) for the outcome of body mass index (BMI) is among the most widely replicated gene-nutrient interactions. Whether this interaction can be extrapolated to food-based sources of SFAs, specifically dairy foods, is unexplored. Cross-sectional analyses were performed in 2 U.S. population-based samples. We evaluated interactions between dairy foods and APOA2 -265T > C (rs5082) for BMI in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (n = 955) and tested for replication in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study (n = 1116). Dairy products were evaluated as total dairy, higher-fat dairy (>1%), and low-fat dairy (≤ 1%) in servings per day, dichotomized into high and low based on each population median and also as continuous variables. We identified a statistically significant interaction between the APOA2 -265T > C variant and higher-fat dairy food intake in the Boston Puerto Ricans (P-interaction = 0.028) and replicated this relation in the GOLDN study (P-interaction = 0.001). In both groups, individuals with the previously demonstrated SFA-sensitive genotype (CC) who consumed a greater amount of higher-fat dairy foods had greater BMI (P = 0.013 in Boston Puerto Ricans; P = 0.0007 in GOLDN women) compared with those consuming less of the higher-fat dairy foods. The results expand the understanding of the metabolic influence of dairy products, an important food group for which variable relations to body weight may be in part genetically based. Moreover, these findings suggest that other strongly demonstrated gene-nutrient relations might be investigated through appropriate food-based, translatable avenues and may be relevant to dietary management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren E. Smith
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | | | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sabrina E. Noel
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Dolores Corella
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit and Center for Biomedical Research Network Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics in the Center for Genome Sciences of the Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics in the Center for Genome Sciences of the Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA,Department of Epidemiology, National Center of Cardiovascular Investigations, Madrid, Spain; and,Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies–Food, Madrid, Spain,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Novel polymorphisms of the APOA2 gene and its promoter region affect body traits in cattle. Gene 2013; 531:288-93. [PMID: 24004543 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-II (APOA2) is one of the major constituents of high-density lipoprotein and plays a critical role in lipid metabolism and obesity. However, similar research for the bovine APOA2 gene is lacking. In this study, polymorphisms of the bovine APOA2 gene and its promoter region were detected in 1021 cows from four breeds by sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods. Totally, we detected six novel mutations which included one mutation in the promoter region, two mutations in the exons and three mutations in the introns. There were four polymorphisms within APOA2 gene were analyzed. The allele A, T, T and G frequencies of the four loci were predominant in the four breeds when in separate or combinations analysis which suggested cows with those alleles to be more adapted to the steppe environment. The association analysis indicated three SVs in Nangyang cows, two SVs in Qinchun cows and the 9 haplotypes in Nangyang cows were significantly associated with body traits (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of this study suggested the bovine APOA2 gene may be a strong candidate gene for body traits in the cattle breeding program.
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Apolipoprotein A-II is a key regulatory factor of HDL metabolism as appears from studies with transgenic animals and clinical outcomes. Biochimie 2013; 96:56-66. [PMID: 24012775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure and metabolism of HDL are linked to their major apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II. HDL metabolism is very dynamic and depends on the constant remodeling by lipases, lipid transfer proteins and receptors. HDL exert several cardioprotective effects, through their antioxidant and antiinflammatory capacities and through the stimulation of reverse cholesterol transport from extrahepatic tissues to the liver for excretion into bile. HDL also serve as plasma reservoir for C and E apolipoproteins, as transport vehicles for a great variety of proteins, and may have more physiological functions than previously recognized. In this review we will develop several aspects of HDL metabolism with emphasis on the structure/function of apo A-I and apo A-II. An important contribution to our understanding of the respective roles of apo A-I and apo A-II comes from studies using transgenic animal models that highlighted the stabilizatory role of apo A-II on HDL through inhibition of their remodeling by lipases. Clinical studies coupled with proteomic analyses revealed the presence of dysfunctional HDL in patients with cardiovascular disease. Beyond HDL cholesterol, a new notion is the functionality of HDL particles. In spite of abundant literature on HDL metabolic properties, a major question remains unanswered: which HDL particle(s) confer(s) protection against cardiovascular risk?
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Snyder EE, Walts B, Pérusse L, Chagnon YC, Weisnagel SJ, Rankinen T, Bouchard C. The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2003 Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:369-439. [PMID: 15044658 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This is the tenth update of the human obesity gene map, incorporating published results up to the end of October 2003 and continuing the previous format. Evidence from single-gene mutation obesity cases, Mendelian disorders exhibiting obesity as a clinical feature, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from human genome-wide scans and animal crossbreeding experiments, and association and linkage studies with candidate genes and other markers is reviewed. Transgenic and knockout murine models relevant to obesity are also incorporated (N = 55). As of October 2003, 41 Mendelian syndromes relevant to human obesity have been mapped to a genomic region, and causal genes or strong candidates have been identified for most of these syndromes. QTLs reported from animal models currently number 183. There are 208 human QTLs for obesity phenotypes from genome-wide scans and candidate regions in targeted studies. A total of 35 genomic regions harbor QTLs replicated among two to five studies. Attempts to relate DNA sequence variation in specific genes to obesity phenotypes continue to grow, with 272 studies reporting positive associations with 90 candidate genes. Fifteen such candidate genes are supported by at least five positive studies. The obesity gene map shows putative loci on all chromosomes except Y. Overall, more than 430 genes, markers, and chromosomal regions have been associated or linked with human obesity phenotypes. The electronic version of the map with links to useful sites can be found at http://obesitygene.pbrc.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Snyder
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808-4124, USA
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Pérusse L, Rankinen T, Zuberi A, Chagnon YC, Weisnagel SJ, Argyropoulos G, Walts B, Snyder EE, Bouchard C. The Human Obesity Gene Map: The 2004 Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:381-490. [PMID: 15833932 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the eleventh update of the human obesity gene map, which incorporates published results up to the end of October 2004. Evidence from single-gene mutation obesity cases, Mendelian disorders exhibiting obesity as a clinical feature, transgenic and knockout murine models relevant to obesity, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from animal cross-breeding experiments, association studies with candidate genes, and linkages from genome scans is reviewed. As of October 2004, 173 human obesity cases due to single-gene mutations in 10 different genes have been reported, and 49 loci related to Mendelian syndromes relevant to human obesity have been mapped to a genomic region, and causal genes or strong candidates have been identified for most of these syndromes. There are 166 genes which, when mutated or expressed as transgenes in the mouse, result in phenotypes that affect body weight and adiposity. The number of QTLs reported from animal models currently reaches 221. The number of human obesity QTLs derived from genome scans continues to grow, and we have now 204 QTLs for obesity-related phenotypes from 50 genome-wide scans. A total of 38 genomic regions harbor QTLs replicated among two to four studies. The number of studies reporting associations between DNA sequence variation in specific genes and obesity phenotypes has also increased considerably with 358 findings of positive associations with 113 candidate genes. Among them, 18 genes are supported by at least five positive studies. The obesity gene map shows putative loci on all chromosomes except Y. Overall, >600 genes, markers, and chromosomal regions have been associated or linked with human obesity phenotypes. The electronic version of the map with links to useful publications and genomic and other relevant sites can be found at http://obesitygene.pbrc.edu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Pérusse
- Division of Kinesiology, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Chan DC, Ng TWK, Watts GF. Apolipoprotein A-II: evaluating its significance in dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Ann Med 2012; 44:313-24. [PMID: 21501035 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.573498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced HDL cholesterol, commonly found in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes, is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). ApoA-II, a constituent apolipoprotein of certain HDL particles, plays an important role in the regulation of cholesterol efflux, HDL remodelling, and cholesteryl ester uptake via its interactions with lipid transfer proteins, lipases, and cellular HDL receptors. Recent studies have linked apoA-II directly with triglyceride and glucose metabolism. Most of the data are, however, derived from cellular systems and transgenic animal models. Direct evidence from human studies is scarce. Clinical studies demonstrate that apoA-II is a strong predictor of risk for CVD. There is no evidence, however, that selective therapeutic modification of apoA-II impacts on atherosclerosis and clinical outcomes. More research is required to investigate further the significance of apoA-II in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick C Chan
- Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Salt-inducible kinase 1 influences Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in vascular smooth muscle cells and associates with variations in blood pressure. J Hypertens 2012; 29:2395-403. [PMID: 22045124 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834d3d55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Essential hypertension is a complex condition whose cause involves the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors such as salt intake. Salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) is a sucrose-nonfermenting-like kinase isoform that belongs to the AMPK (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) family. SIK1 activity is increased by high salt intake and plays an essential role in regulating the plasma membrane Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. The objective of this study was to examine whether SIK1 is present in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells, whether it affects VSMC Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and whether human SIK1 (hSIK1) represents a potential candidate for blood pressure regulation. METHODS Localization of SIK1 was performed using immunohistochemistry, mRNA and western blot. Functional assays (Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity) were performed in VSMCs derived from rat aorta. Genotype-phenotype association studies were performed in three Swedish and one Japanese population-based cohorts. RESULTS SIK1 was localized in human VSMCs and endothelial cells, as well as a cell line derived from rat aorta. A nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the hSIK1 gene exon 3 (C→T, rs3746951) results in the amino acid change (15)Gly→Ser in the SIK1 protein. SIK1-(15)Ser was found to increase plasma membrane Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in cultured VSMC line from rat aorta. Genotype-phenotype association studies in three Swedish and one Japanese population-based cohorts suggested that T allele (coding for (15)Ser) was associated with lower blood pressure (P = 0.005 for SBP and P = 0.002 for DBP) and with a decrease in left ventricular mass (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION The hSIK1 appears to be of potential relevance within VSMC function and blood pressure regulation.
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Garver WS. Gene-diet interactions in childhood obesity. Curr Genomics 2011; 12:180-9. [PMID: 22043166 PMCID: PMC3137003 DOI: 10.2174/138920211795677903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, and the increase in weight-associated co-morbidities including premature type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will soon become major healthcare and economic problems. A number of studies now indicate that the childhood obesity epidemic which has emerged during the past 30 years is a complex multi-factorial disease resulting from interaction of susceptibility genes with an obesogenic environment. This review will focus on gene-diet interactions suspected of having a prominent role in promoting childhood obesity. In particular, the specific genes that will be presented (FTO, MC4R, and NPC1) have recently been associated with childhood obesity through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and were shown to interact with nutritional components to increase weight gain. Although a fourth gene (APOA2) has not yet been associated with childhood obesity, this review will also present information on what now represents the best characterized gene-diet interaction in promoting weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Garver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Curti MLR, Jacob P, Borges MC, Rogero MM, Ferreira SRG. Studies of gene variants related to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and obesity: implications for a nutrigenetic approach. J Obes 2011; 2011:497401. [PMID: 21773006 PMCID: PMC3136190 DOI: 10.1155/2011/497401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently considered a serious public health issue due to its strong impact on health, economy, and quality of life. It is considered a chronic low-grade inflammation state and is directly involved in the genesis of metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, there is evidence that genetic variation that predisposes to inflammation and metabolic disturbances could interact with environmental factors, such as diet, modulating individual susceptibility to developing these conditions. This paper aims to review the possible interactions between diet and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes implicated on the inflammatory response, lipoprotein metabolism, and oxidative status. Therefore, the impact of genetic variants of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-(PPAR-)gamma, tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, Apo A2, Apo A5, Apo E, glutathione peroxidases 1, 2, and 4, and selenoprotein P exposed to variations on diet composition is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Roberta G. Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Corella D, Tai ES, Sorlí JV, Chew SK, Coltell O, Sotos-Prieto M, García-Rios A, Estruch R, Ordovas JM. Association between the APOA2 promoter polymorphism and body weight in Mediterranean and Asian populations: replication of a gene-saturated fat interaction. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:666-75. [PMID: 20975728 PMCID: PMC3030929 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The APOA2 gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in animal and human studies with controversial results. We have reported an APOA2-saturated fat interaction determining body mass index (BMI) and obesity in American populations. This work aims to extend our findings to European and Asian populations. METHODS Cross-sectional study in 4602 subjects from two independent populations: a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population (n = 907 men and women; aged 67 ± 6 years) and a multiethnic Asian population (n = 2506 Chinese, n = 605 Malays and n = 494 Asian Indians; aged 39 ± 12 years) participating in a Singapore National Health Survey. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, lifestyle and dietary variables were determined. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was used in Asians. We analyzed gene-diet interactions between the APOA2 -265T>C polymorphism and saturated fat intake (<or ≥ 22 g per day) on anthropometric measures and IR. RESULTS Frequency of CC (homozygous for the minor allele) subjects differed among populations (1-15%). We confirmed a recessive effect of the APOA2 polymorphism and replicated the APOA2-saturated fat interaction on body weight. In Mediterranean individuals, the CC genotype was associated with a 6.8% greater BMI in those consuming a high (P = 0.018), but not a low (P = 0.316) saturated fat diet. Likewise, the CC genotype was significantly associated with higher obesity prevalence in Chinese and Asian Indians only, with a high-saturated fat intake (P = 0.036). We also found a significant APOA2-saturated fat interaction in determining IR in Chinese and Asian Indians (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION The influence of the APOA2 -265T>C polymorphism on body-weight-related measures was modulated by saturated fat in Mediterranean and Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corella
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
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Johansson A, Marroni F, Hayward C, Franklin CS, Kirichenko AV, Jonasson I, Hicks AA, Vitart V, Isaacs A, Axenovich T, Campbell S, Floyd J, Hastie N, Knott S, Lauc G, Pichler I, Rotim K, Wild SH, Zorkoltseva IV, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Campbell H, Pattaro C, Pramstaller P, Oostra BA, Wright AF, van Duijn CM, Aulchenko YS, Gyllensten U. Linkage and genome-wide association analysis of obesity-related phenotypes: association of weight with the MGAT1 gene. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:803-8. [PMID: 19851299 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As major risk-factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits has been of interest for decades. Recently, a limited number of common genetic variants, which have replicated in different populations, have been identified. One approach to increase the statistical power in genetic mapping studies is to focus on populations with increased levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and reduced genetic diversity. We have performed joint linkage and genome-wide association analyses for weight and BMI in 3,448 (linkage) and 3,925 (association) partly overlapping healthy individuals from five European populations. A total of four chromosomal regions (two for weight and two for BMI) showed suggestive linkage (lod >2.69) either in one of the populations or in the joint data. At the genome-wide level (nominal P < 1.6 x 10(-7), Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.05) one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs12517906) (nominal P = 7.3 x 10(-8)) was associated with weight, whereas none with BMI. The SNP associated with weight is located close to MGAT1. The monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) enzyme family is known to be involved in dietary fat absorption. There was no overlap between the linkage regions and the associated SNPs. Our results show that genetic effects influencing weight and BMI are shared across diverse European populations, even though some of these populations have experienced recent population bottlenecks and/or been affected by genetic drift. The analysis enabled us to identify a new candidate gene, MGAT1, associated with weight in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Johansson
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mombelli G, Pazzucconi F, Bondioli A, Zanaboni A, Gaito S, Calabresi L, Sirtori CR. Paradoxical decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with fenofibrate: a quite rare phenomenon indeed. Cardiovasc Ther 2010; 28:153-60. [PMID: 20337637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2009.00121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some recent clinical reports have suggested that paradoxical decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels after fenofibrate treatment may be quite common. These appear to occur mainly in patients with combined fibrate/statin therapy and possibly in those with low baseline HDL-C. Reports on HDL-C reductions after fenofibrate are possibly supported by the disappointing results in terms of HDL-C responses from the recent FIELD study. A survey on 581 patients treated for 1 year or longer was carried out in our Clinical Center. This indicated that paradoxical HDL-C reductions are a relatively uncommon phenomenon. Not more than 15.3% of the present series showed an HDL-C reduction, mostly of a modest degree. Further, reductions of HDL-C appear to occur mainly in individuals with significant HDL-C elevations (>50 mg/dL), almost never in patients with low HDL-C. Otherwise, there seems to be no impact of a previous diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension on the HDL-C changes. From a very recent pharmacogenomic study on the apo A1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster, genetic influences appear only to reduce the positive impact of fenofibrate on HDL-C, but do not indicate any risk of occurrence of HDL-C reductions. Also based on our very long experience with this drug, it appears that fenofibrate raises HDL-C levels in the vast majority of treated patients, with a particularly dramatic effect in individuals with low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mombelli
- University Center for Dyslipidemias, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy
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Martins IJ, Berger T, Sharman MJ, Verdile G, Fuller SJ, Martins RN. Cholesterol metabolism and transport in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2010; 111:1275-308. [PMID: 20050287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting millions of people worldwide. Apart from age, the major risk factor identified so far for the sporadic form of AD is possession of the epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), which is also a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Other apolipoproteins known to play an important role in CAD such as apolipoprotein B are now gaining attention for their role in AD as well. AD and CAD share other risk factors, such as altered cholesterol levels, particularly high levels of low density lipoproteins together with low levels of high density lipoproteins. Statins--drugs that have been used to lower cholesterol levels in CAD, have been shown to protect against AD, although the protective mechanism(s) involved are still under debate. Enzymatic production of the beta amyloid peptide, the peptide thought to play a major role in AD pathogenesis, is affected by membrane cholesterol levels. In addition, polymorphisms in several proteins and enzymes involved in cholesterol and lipoprotein transport and metabolism have been linked to risk of AD. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that changes in cholesterol metabolism are intimately involved in AD pathogenic processes. This paper reviews cholesterol metabolism and transport, as well as those aspects of cholesterol metabolism that have been linked with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
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Corella D, Peloso G, Arnett DK, Demissie S, Cupples LA, Tucker K, Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Coltell O, Lee YC, Ordovas JM. APOA2, dietary fat, and body mass index: replication of a gene-diet interaction in 3 independent populations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 169:1897-906. [PMID: 19901143 DOI: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrigenetics studies the role of genetic variation on interactions between diet and health, aiming to provide more personalized dietary advice. However, replication has been low. Our aim was to study interaction among a functional APOA2 polymorphism, food intake, and body mass index (BMI) in independent populations to replicate findings and to increase their evidence level. METHODS Cross-sectional, follow-up (20 years), and case-control analyses were undertaken in 3 independent populations. We analyzed gene-diet interactions between the APOA2 -265T>C polymorphism and saturated fat intake on BMI and obesity in 3462 individuals from 3 populations in the United States: the Framingham Offspring Study (1454 whites), the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study (1078 whites), and Boston-Puerto Rican Centers on Population Health and Health Disparities Study (930 Hispanics of Caribbean origin). RESULTS Prevalence of the CC genotype in study participants ranged from 10.5% to 16.2%. We identified statistically significant interactions between the APOA2 -265T>C and saturated fat regarding BMI in all 3 populations. Thus, the magnitude of the difference in BMI between the individuals with the CC and TT+TC genotypes differed by saturated fat. A mean increase in BMI of 6.2% (range, 4.3%-7.9%; P = .01) was observed between genotypes with high- (> or =22 g/d) but not with low- saturated fat intake in all studies. Likewise, the CC genotype was significantly associated with higher obesity prevalence in all populations only in the high-saturated fat stratum. Meta-analysis estimations of obesity for individuals with the CC genotype compared with the TT+TC genotype were an odds ratio of 1.84 (95% confidence interval, 1.38-2.47; P < .001) in the high-saturated fat stratum, but no association was detected in the low-saturated fat stratum (odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.11; P = .18). CONCLUSION For the first time to our knowledge, a gene-diet interaction influencing BMI and obesity has been strongly and consistently replicated in 3 independent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Corella
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
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Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that HDLs, a class of plasma lipoproteins, heterogeneous in size and density, have an atheroprotective role attributed, for years, to their capacity to promote the efflux of cholesterol from activated cholesterol-loaded arterial macrophages. Recent studies, however, have recognized that the physical heterogeneity of HDLs is associated with multiple functions that involve both the protein and the lipid components of these particles. ApoA-I, quantitatively the major protein constituent, has an amphipathic structure suited for transport of lipids. It readily interacts with the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1, the SR-B1 scavenger receptor; activates the enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT), which is critical for HDL maturation. It also has antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, along with the HDL-associated enzymes paraoxonase, platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF), and glutathione peroxidase. Regarding the lipid moiety, an atheroprotective role has been recognized for lysosphingolipids, particularly sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). All of these atheroprotective functions are lost in the post-translational dependent dysfunctional plasma HDLs of subjects with systemic inflammation, coronary heart disease, diabetes, and chronic renal disease. The emerging notion that particle quality has more predictive power than quantity has stimulated further exploration of the HDL proteome, already revealing unsuspected pro- or antiatherogenic proteins/peptides associated with HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M Scanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, MC5041, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F, Ordovas JM. Influence of genetic factors in the modulation of postprandial lipemia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008; 9:49-55. [PMID: 18603482 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia is traditionally defined by the extent and duration of the increase in plasma triglycerides in response to a fat-enriched meal. The relationship between alimentary lipemia and coronary disease is of great interest in view of the epidemiological and experimental evidence that underlies it. The rate of synthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, lipoprotein lipase-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis, and the hepatic capture of chylomicron remnants via the interaction of the lipoprotein receptor with APOE and LPL, are the fundamental pillars of the metabolism and modification of these lipoproteins. The modulation of such phenomena is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, thus explaining their extraordinary individual variance. This review presents the current evidence linking a number of candidate genes to the modulation of postprandial lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, J.M.-US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Krapivner S, Popov S, Chernogubova E, Hellénius ML, Fisher RM, Hamsten A, van't Hooft FM. Insulin-induced gene 2 involvement in human adipocyte metabolism and body weight regulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:1995-2001. [PMID: 18319320 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-induced genes (INSIGs) encode proteins that block proteolytic activation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors that regulate lipogenic enzymes, and adipocyte differentiation. OBJECTIVE Here, we analyzed the relative significance of INSIG1 and INSIG2 in human liver and adipocyte metabolism, and defined a novel, functional polymorphism in the promoter of INSIG2 associated with body mass index. RESEARCH METHODS Variations in gene expression of different human tissues, of hepatoma cells exposed to INSIG1 and INSIG2 gene silencing probes, and of differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocytes were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The functional significance of a novel polymorphism in the promoter of INSIG2 was analyzed using in vitro methods and gene expression analysis of human adipose tissue, whereas the phenotype associated with this polymorphism was studied in two cohorts of middle-aged men. RESULTS Gene expression analysis of 17 human tissues demonstrated that INSIG1 is highly expressed in the liver, whereas INSIG2 is ubiquitously expressed. Gene silencing experiments confirmed that INSIG1, but not INSIG2, regulates the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins target genes in human hepatoma cells. In contrast, adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells was associated with a 13-fold increase in expression of INSIG2. Significant relationships between the INSIG2-102G/A polymorphism and body mass index were observed in two cohorts of middle-aged men (ANOVA P = 0.017 and 0.044, respectively). In vitro studies and analysis of allele-specific expression in human adipose tissue substantiated the functional significance of the INSIG2-102G/A polymorphism. CONCLUSION INSIG2 is involved in adipocyte metabolism and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Krapivner
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hamsten A, Eriksson P. Identifying the susceptibility genes for coronary artery disease: from hyperbole through doubt to cautious optimism. J Intern Med 2008; 263:538-52. [PMID: 18410597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01958.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is complex, and the fact that an alarmingly high proportion of reported associations between genetic variants and CAD are not replicated has generated uncertainty as to whether molecular genetics is ever going to deliver on the promises delivered in the late 1990s. However, during 2007, the first generation of large-scale genome-wide association studies using high-density, single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping arrays have revealed genetic variants that are robustly associated with CAD and CAD-related traits such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. In particular, a robust susceptibility locus for CAD has been identified on chromosome 9p21. Also, evidence has been obtained that multiple rare alleles with fairly strong phenotypic effects may contribute to the genetic heritability of CAD, in addition to common variants with a modest impact on risk. Furthermore, new mechanistic connections have been discovered between different common complex diseases including CAD. This review focuses on the challenges and recent advances of molecular genetics in dissecting the molecular pathophysiology of atherothrombosis and defining novel targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Haworth CMA, Butcher LM, Docherty SJ, Wardle J, Plomin R. No evidence for association between BMI and 10 candidate genes at ages 4, 7 and 10 in a large UK sample of twins. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:12. [PMID: 18304332 PMCID: PMC2270805 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Over the last decade, associations between Body Mass Index (BMI) and a variety of candidate genes have been reported, but samples have almost all been limited to adults. The purpose of the present study was to test the developmental origins of some of these associations in a large longitudinal sample of children. Methods For 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes reported to be associated with BMI in adults, we examined associations with BMI in a sample of 5000 children (2500 twin pairs) with BMI data at 4, 7 and 10 years. Association analyses were performed using the Quantitative Transmission Disequilibrium Test and we corrected for multiple testing using the False Discovery Rate. Results Despite having 80% power to detect associations that account for as little as 0.2% of the variance of BMI, none of the 10 SNPs were significantly associated with BMI at any age, although two SNPs showed trends in the expected direction. Conclusion The lack of association for these ten previously reported associations, despite our large sample size, is typical of associations between candidate genes and complex traits. However, some of the reported SNP associations with BMI might emerge as we continue to follow the sample into adolescence and adulthood. This report highlights the importance of developmentally appropriate candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M A Haworth
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Xiao J, Zhang F, Wiltshire S, Hung J, Jennens M, Beilby JP, Thompson PL, McQuillan BM, McCaskie PA, Carter KW, Palmer LJ, Powell BL. The apolipoprotein AII rs5082 variant is associated with reduced risk of coronary artery disease in an Australian male population. Atherosclerosis 2008; 199:333-9. [PMID: 18179799 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are inversely related to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Apolipoproteins AI and AII are the major protein constituents of HDL particles. APOAI and APOAII genetic polymorphisms have been proposed to affect transcriptional efficiency of their respective genes, thereby altering serum lipid levels and influencing atherosclerotic disease risk. 556 subjects with angiographically proven CAD (>50% stenosis) and 1109 randomly selected individuals from metropolitan Perth, Western Australia, were included in an association study. APOAI -75G/A (rs670) and APOAII -256T/C (rs5082) polymorphisms were both found to be not associated with plasma HDL levels. In a case-control analysis of 484 male CAD patients and 498 male controls, individuals carrying the 'CC' genotype for the APOAII rs5082 polymorphism had significantly lower risk of CAD than the 'T' allele carriers (OR=0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.84, p=0.004). The minor 'A' allele of the APOAI rs670 polymorphism was found to be not associated with CAD, contrary to previous reports. We conclude that the APOAII rs5082 polymorphism appears to be cardioprotective in this representative Caucasian Australian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Australia
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Castellani LW, Nguyen CN, Charugundla S, Weinstein MM, Doan CX, Blaner WS, Wongsiriroj N, Lusis AJ. Apolipoprotein AII is a regulator of very low density lipoprotein metabolism and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:11633-44. [PMID: 18160395 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708995200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein AII (apoAII) transgenic (apoAIItg) mice exhibit several traits associated with the insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, including IR, obesity, and a marked hypertriglyceridemia. Because treatment of the apoAIItg mice with rosiglitazone ameliorated the IR and hypertriglyceridemia, we hypothesized that the hypertriglyceridemia was due largely to overproduction of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) by the liver, a normal response to chronically elevated insulin and glucose. We now report in vivo and in vitro studies that indicate that hepatic fatty acid oxidation was reduced and lipogenesis increased, resulting in a 25% increase in triglyceride secretion in the apoAIItg mice. In addition, we observed that hydrolysis of triglycerides from both chylomicrons and VLDL was significantly reduced in the apoAIItg mice, further contributing to the hypertriglyceridemia. This is a direct, acute effect, because when mouse apoAII was injected into mice, plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly increased within 4 h. VLDL from both control and apoAIItg mice contained significant amounts of apoAII, with approximately 4 times more apoAII on apoAIItg VLDL. ApoAII was shown to transfer spontaneously from high density lipoprotein (HDL) to VLDL in vitro, resulting in VLDL that was a poorer substrate for hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase. These results indicate that one function of apoAII is to regulate the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, with HDL serving as a plasma reservoir of apoAII that is transferred to the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in much the same way as VLDL and chylomicrons acquire most of their apoCs from HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence W Castellani
- Departments of Medicine/Cardiology University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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