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Desta F, Mengesha S, Belayneh F, Woldeyohannes D, Tekalegn Y, Zenbaba D, Sahiledengle B, Hailu D. Blood Pressure Control and Associated Factors among Hypertension Comorbid Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Southeast Ethiopia. Int J Hypertens 2024; 2024:6668436. [PMID: 38655153 PMCID: PMC11039015 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6668436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is the main contributor to the morbidity and mortality of patients with cardiovascular disease. Even though hypertension is very common in comorbid type 2 diabetic patients, it is frequently overlooked. This study aimed to assess blood pressure control and its associated factors among hypertension comorbid type 2 diabetic patients in Bale Zone public hospitals in Southeast Ethiopia. Methods and Materials A hospital-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among hypertension comorbid type 2 diabetic patients. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and a review of the medical charts of patients. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between blood pressure control and its associated factors. Independent variables that showed a P < 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was included in the multivariate analysis. Finally, variables with a P < 0.05 were declared statistically significant factors. Results The total number of participants in the study was 378. The overall magnitude of uncontrolled hypertension among hypertension comorbid diabetic patients was found to be 82.5% (95% CI: 78.7%, 86.4%). Nonadherence to antihypertensive medication (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.11, 5.39, P = 0.027), duration of hypertension >10 years (AOR = 5.2, 95% CI: 1.27, 21.38, P = 0.022), participants who attended secondary education (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.18, 8.87, P = 0.023), and being obese (AOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.24, 13.49, P = 0.021) were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension. Conclusion Uncontrolled hypertension was found to be high among hypertension comorbid type 2 diabetic patients. Patients' adherence to antihypertensive medication, physical activity, and alcohol abstinence should be maximized. Loss of weight is also crucial, as is the early detection and management of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikreab Desta
- Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Selamawit Mengesha
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Fanuel Belayneh
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Demelash Woldeyohannes
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Tekalegn
- Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Demisu Zenbaba
- Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Biniyam Sahiledengle
- Public Health Department, Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Hailu
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Sani RN, Connelly PJ, Toft M, Rowa-Dewar N, Delles C, Gasevic D, Karaye KM. Rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in West Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens 2024; 38:352-364. [PMID: 35430612 PMCID: PMC11001577 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation is considered a major contributor to the rising prevalence of hypertension in West Africa, yet the evidence regarding rural-urban differences in the prevalence of hypertension in the region has been mixed. A systematic literature search of four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, African Journals Online, and WHO's African Index Medicus; and reference lists of eligible studies was carried out. Original quantitative studies describing the rural-urban difference in the prevalence of hypertension in one or more countries in West Africa, and published in English language from the year 2000 to 2021 were included. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the odds ratio of hypertension in rural compared to urban locations. A limited sex-based random effects meta-analysis was conducted with 16 studies that provided sex-disaggregated data. Of the 377 studies screened, 22 met the inclusion criteria (n = 62,907). The prevalence of hypertension was high in both rural, and urban areas, ranging from 9.7% to 60% in the rural areas with a pooled prevalence of 27.4%; and 15.5% to 59.2% in the urban areas with a pooled prevalence of 33.9%. The odd of hypertension were lower in rural compared to urban dwellers [OR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.66-0.83; p < 0.001]. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 32.6% in males, and 30.0% in females, with no significant difference in the odds of hypertension between the sexes [OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.8-1.05, p = 0.196]. Comprehensive hypertension control policies are needed for both rural, and urban areas in West Africa, and for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Nasir Sani
- Department of Medicine, Aminu kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Paul J Connelly
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mette Toft
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neneh Rowa-Dewar
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kamilu Musa Karaye
- Department of Medicine, Aminu kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
- Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
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Van Hout MC, Akugizibwe M, Shayo EH, Namulundu M, Kasujja FX, Namakoola I, Birungi J, Okebe J, Murdoch J, Mfinanga SG, Jaffar S. Decentralising chronic disease management in sub-Saharan Africa: a protocol for the qualitative process evaluation of community-based integrated management of HIV, diabetes and hypertension in Tanzania and Uganda. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078044. [PMID: 38508649 PMCID: PMC10961519 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sub-Saharan Africa continues to experience a syndemic of HIV and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Vertical (stand-alone) HIV programming has provided high-quality care in the region, with almost 80% of people living with HIV in regular care and 90% virally suppressed. While integrated health education and concurrent management of HIV, hypertension and diabetes are being scaled up in clinics, innovative, more efficient and cost-effective interventions that include decentralisation into the community are required to respond to the increased burden of comorbid HIV/NCD disease. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol describes procedures for a process evaluation running concurrently with a pragmatic cluster-randomised trial (INTE-COMM) in Tanzania and Uganda that will compare community-based integrated care (HIV, diabetes and hypertension) with standard facility-based integrated care. The INTE-COMM intervention will manage multiple conditions (HIV, hypertension and diabetes) in the community via health monitoring and adherence/lifestyle advice (medicine, diet and exercise) provided by community nurses and trained lay workers, as well as the devolvement of NCD drug dispensing to the community level. Based on Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the process evaluation will use qualitative methods to investigate sociostructural factors shaping care delivery and outcomes in up to 10 standard care facilities and/or intervention community sites with linked healthcare facilities. Multistakeholder interviews (patients, community health workers and volunteers, healthcare providers, policymakers, clinical researchers and international and non-governmental organisations), focus group discussions (community leaders and members) and non-participant observations (community meetings and drug dispensing) will explore implementation from diverse perspectives at three timepoints in the trial implementation. Iterative sampling and analysis, moving between data collection points and data analysis to test emerging theories, will continue until saturation is reached. This process of analytic reflexivity and triangulation across methods and sources will provide findings to explain the main trial findings and offer clear directions for future efforts to sustain and scale up community-integrated care for HIV, diabetes and hypertension. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has been approved by the University College of London (UK), the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Ethics Committee (UK), the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology and the Uganda Virus Research Institute Research and Ethics Committee (Uganda) and the Medical Research Coordinating Committee of the National Institute for Medical Research (Tanzania). The University College of London is the trial sponsor. Dissemination of findings will be done through journal publications and stakeholder meetings (with study participants, healthcare providers, policymakers and other stakeholders), local and international conferences, policy briefs, peer-reviewed journal articles and publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN15319595.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Henry Shayo
- Health Systems, Policy and Translational Reseach Section, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic
| | - Moreen Namulundu
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | | | - Ivan Namakoola
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Wakiso, Uganda
| | | | - Joseph Okebe
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Murdoch
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, London, UK
| | - Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga
- Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Shabbar Jaffar
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
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Adejumo OA, Mutagaywa R, Akumiah FK, Akintunde AA. Task Sharing and Task Shifting (TSTS) in the Management of Africans with Hypertension: A Call For Action-Possibilities and Its Challenges. Glob Heart 2024; 19:22. [PMID: 38404613 PMCID: PMC10885825 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality globally and one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Diagnosis, awareness, and optimal treatment rates are suboptimal, especially in low- and middle-income countries, with attendant high health consequences and grave socioeconomic impact. There is an enormous gap between disease burden and physician-patient ratios that needs to be bridged. Task sharing and task shifting (TSTS) provide a viable temporary solution. However, sociocultural, demographic, and economic factors influence the effective uptake of such interventions. This review discusses the dynamics of TSTS in the African context looking at challenges, feasibility, and approach to adopt it in the management of hypertension in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Mutagaywa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
- Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute, Tanzania
| | - Florence Koryo Akumiah
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu, Ghana
| | - Adeseye Abiodun Akintunde
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
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Singh S, Choudhury A, Hazelhurst S, Crowther NJ, Boua PR, Sorgho H, Agongo G, Nonterah EA, Micklesfield LK, Norris SA, Kisiangani I, Mohamed S, Gómez-Olivé FX, Tollman SM, Choma S, Brandenburg JT, Ramsay M. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of blood pressure traits and hypertension in sub-Saharan African populations: an AWI-Gen study. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8376. [PMID: 38104120 PMCID: PMC10725455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most hypertension-related genome-wide association studies (GWASs) focus on non-African populations, despite hypertension (a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease) being highly prevalent in Africa. The AWI-Gen study GWAS meta-analysis for blood pressure (BP)-related traits (systolic and diastolic BP, pulse pressure, mean-arterial pressure and hypertension) from three sub-Saharan African geographic regions (N = 10,775), identifies two novel genome-wide significant signals (p < 5E-08): systolic BP near P2RY1 (rs77846204; intergenic variant, p = 4.95E-08) and pulse pressure near LINC01256 (rs80141533; intergenic variant, p = 1.76E-08). No genome-wide signals are detected for the AWI-Gen GWAS meta-analysis with previous African-ancestry GWASs (UK Biobank (African), Uganda Genome Resource). Suggestive signals (p < 5E-06) are observed for all traits, with 29 SNPs associating with more than one trait and several replicating known associations. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) developed from studies on different ancestries have limited transferability, with multi-ancestry PRS providing better prediction. This study provides insights into the genetics of BP variation in African populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Singh
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nigel J Crowther
- Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Palwendé R Boua
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Godfred Agongo
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Engelbert A Nonterah
- Navrongo Health Research Centre, Ghana Health Service, Navrongo, Ghana
- Julius Global Health, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Shukri Mohamed
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francesc X Gómez-Olivé
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen M Tollman
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Solomon Choma
- Department of Medical Science, Public Health and Health Promotion, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa
| | - J-T Brandenburg
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Strengthening Oncology Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Gizamba JM, Davies J, Africa C, Choo-Kang C, Goedecke JH, Madlala H, Lambert EV, Rae DE, Myer L, Luke A, Dugas LR. Prevalence of obesity, hypertension and diabetes among people living with HIV in South Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:861. [PMID: 38062372 PMCID: PMC10704741 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV has become a manageable chronic condition due to the success and scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Globally, South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and research evidence indicates that countries with the highest burden of PLHIV have a substantial burden of obesity, hypertension (HPT) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We sought to summarize the burden of these three common NCDs among PLHIV in South Africa. METHODS In this systematic review, multiple databases were searched for articles reporting on the prevalence of obesity, HPT, and T2D among PLHIV in South Africa published since journal inception until March 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models to obtain pooled prevalence estimates of the three NCDs. Heterogeneity was assessed using X2 test on Cochran's Q statistic. RESULTS We included 32 studies, with 19, 22 and 18 studies reporting the prevalence of obesity, HPT, and T2D among PLHIV, respectively. The overall prevalence of obesity, HPT, and T2D was 23.2% [95% CI 17.6; 29.9], 25.5% [95% CI 15.6; 38.7], and 6.1% [95% CI 3.8; 9.7] respectively. The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher among women (P = 0.034) compared to men, however the prevalence of HPT and T2D did not differ by sex. The prevalence of each of the three NCDs did not differ significantly between rural, urban, and peri-urban areas. The prevalence of obesity and T2D was higher in studies conducted between 2013 and 2022 compared to studies conducted between 2000 and 2012, while the prevalence of HPT was higher between 2000 and 2012 compared to between 2013 and 2022. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that South Africa is experiencing a syndemic of NCDs among people PLHIV highlighting the need to increase cost-effective interventions and management strategies that involve integrated HIV and NCD care in the South African setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Gizamba
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jess Davies
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chad Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice Choo-Kang
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hlengiwe Madlala
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dale E Rae
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Division of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Ndwiga C, Abuya T, Okondo C, Akinyi S, Wickramanayake A, Warren CE. Effect of mentorship and a mHealth application in updating provider skills and knowledge in maternal and newborn care in two informal settlements of Nairobi. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:580. [PMID: 37940919 PMCID: PMC10633915 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children and women in urban informal settlements have fewer choices to access quality maternal and newborn health care. Many facilities serving these communities are under-resourced and staffed by fewer providers with limited access to skills updates. We sought to increase provider capacity by equipping them with skills to provide general and emergency obstetric and newborn care in 24 facilities serving two informal settlements in Nairobi. We present evidence of the combined effect of mentorship using facility-based mentors who demonstrate skills, support skills drills training, and provide practical feedback to mentees and a self-guided online learning platform with easily accessible EmONC information on providers' smart phones. METHODS We used mixed methods research with before and after cross-sectional provider surveys conducted at baseline and end line. During end line, 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with mentors and mentees who were exposed, and providers not exposed to the intervention to explore effectiveness and experience of the intervention on quality maternal health services. RESULTS Results illustrated marked improvement from ability to identify antepartum hemorrhage (APH), postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), manage retained placenta, ability to identify and manage obstructed labour, Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia (PE/E), puerperal sepsis, and actions taken to manage conditions when they present. Overall, out of 95 elements examined there were statistically significant improvements of both individual scores and overall scores from 29/95 at baseline (30.5%) to 44.3/95 (46.6%) during end line representing a 16- percentage point increase (p > 0.001). These improvements were evident in public health facilities representing a 17.3% point increase (from 30.9% at baseline to 48.2% at end line, p > 0.001). Similarly, providers working in private facilities exhibited a 15.8% point increase in knowledge from 29.7% at baseline to 45.5% at end line (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION This study adds to the literature on building capacity of providers delivering Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) services to women in informal settlements. The complex challenges of delivering MNH services in informal urban settings where communities have limited access require a comprehensive approach including ensuring access to supplies and basic equipment. Nevertheless, the combined effects of the self-guided online platform and mentorship reinforces EmONC knowledge and skills. This combined approach is more likely to improve provider competency, and skills as well as improving maternal and newborn health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Ndwiga
- Population Council, Nairobi Kenya. Avenue 5, 3rd Floor, Rose Avenue, PO Box 17643-00500, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Timothy Abuya
- Population Council, Nairobi Kenya. Avenue 5, 3rd Floor, Rose Avenue, PO Box 17643-00500, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Chantalle Okondo
- Population Council, Nairobi Kenya. Avenue 5, 3rd Floor, Rose Avenue, PO Box 17643-00500, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Charlotte E Warren
- Population Council, Suite 280, 4301 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC, USA
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Hassen HY, Abrams S, Musinguzi G, Rogers I, Dusabimana A, Mphekgwana PM, Bastiaens H. Disparities in the non-laboratory INTERHEART risk score and its components in selected countries of Europe and sub-Saharan Africa: analysis from the SPICES multi-country project. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2023; 3:oead131. [PMID: 38130418 PMCID: PMC10733186 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Aims Accurate prediction of a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is vital to initiate appropriate intervention. The non-laboratory INTERHEART risk score (NL-IHRS) is among the tools to estimate future risk of CVD. However, measurement disparities of the tool across contexts are not well documented. Thus, we investigated variation in NL-IHRS and components in selected sub-Saharan African and European countries. Methods and results We used data from a multi-country study involving 9309 participants, i.e. 4941 in Europe, 3371 in South Africa, and 997 in Uganda. Disparities in total NL-IHRS score, specific subcomponents, subcategories, and their contribution to the total score were investigated. The variation in the adjusted total and component scores was compared across contexts using analysis of variance. The adjusted mean NL-IHRS was higher in South Africa (10.2) and Europe (10.0) compared to Uganda (8.2), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The prevalence and per cent contribution of diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure were lowest in Uganda. Score contribution of non-modifiable factors was lower in Uganda and South Africa, entailing 11.5% and 8.0% of the total score, respectively. Contribution of behavioural factors to the total score was highest in both sub-Saharan African countries. In particular, adjusted scores related to unhealthy dietary patterns were highest in South Africa (3.21) compared to Uganda (1.66) and Europe (1.09). Whereas, contribution of metabolic factors was highest in Europe (30.6%) compared with Uganda (20.8%) and South Africa (22.6%). Conclusion The total risk score, subcomponents, categories, and their contribution to total score greatly vary across contexts, which could be due to disparities in risk burden and/or self-reporting bias in resource-limited settings. Therefore, primary preventive initiatives should identify risk factor burden across contexts and intervention activities need to be customized accordingly. Furthermore, contextualizing the risk assessment tool and evaluating its usefulness in different settings are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Y Hassen
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Doornstraat 331, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Steven Abrams
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Doornstraat 331, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium
| | - Geofrey Musinguzi
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Doornstraat 331, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Imogen Rogers
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Alfred Dusabimana
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Doornstraat 331, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Peter M Mphekgwana
- Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa
| | - Hilde Bastiaens
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Doornstraat 331, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
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Chevé D, Macia E, Diallo M, Lalys L, Diallo AH, Sow S, Bergouignan A, Duboz P. Nothing in Excess: Physical Activity, Health, and Life World in Senegalese Fulani Male Pastoralists, a Mixed Method Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6999. [PMID: 37947557 PMCID: PMC10650956 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20216999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate the application of the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Survey (IPAQ-SF) in the rural Senegalese Fulani pastoralist population by combining quantitative and qualitative methods. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS For the quantitative method, 101 men completed the IPAQ-SF questionnaire measuring moderate, vigorous, and walking physical activity. Self-rated health, BMI, and sociodemographic variables were also collected. With regard to the qualitative methods, a total of 22 participants were recruited and interviewed. Four themes were addressed, including (i) physical activity (PA) and its definition, description, related experiences, and representations of social actors; (ii) PA and health; (iii) PA and sport; and (iv) the body and Fulani world of life (i.e., Pulaagu/Ndimaagu). RESULTS Sahelian herders have a high level of self-reported PA and a low amount of daily sitting time. The measure of PA as proposed by the IPAQ-SF is not adapted to the Senegalese Ferlo pastoralists, mainly because this scale gives too much importance to leisure-time PA, perceived as unproductive energy expenditure, which is factually and symbolically antinomic to the Fulani lifeworld. Thus, neither intense nor moderate PA is related to self-rated health. However, sedentary lifestyles are linked to self-rated health and, therefore, to mortality and morbidity in Fulani pastoralists. Finally, walking, which is the dominant PA during transhumance and herd surveillance, is related to BMI. It therefore represents a protective factor against the occurrence of overweight and associated chronic non-communicable diseases. CONCLUSION The mixed method approach developed in this study has shown that the IPAQ-SF is not a valid measure of PA in the population of Fulani male herders from the Ferlo region, given that unproductive energy expenditure is incompatible with the Fulani way of life, which condemns excess and immoderation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Chevé
- IRL 3189 ESS, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal (E.M.)
| | - Enguerran Macia
- IRL 3189 ESS, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal (E.M.)
| | - Moussa Diallo
- Department of Modern Literature, UFR LASHU, Assane Seck University, Ziguinchor BP 253, Senegal;
| | - Loic Lalys
- UMR 8045 BABEL, Institut Médico Légal, 2 Voie Mazas, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Amadou Hamath Diallo
- IRL 3189 ESS, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal (E.M.)
| | - Sidaty Sow
- IRL 3189 ESS, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal (E.M.)
| | | | - Priscilla Duboz
- IRL 3189 ESS, Faculty of Medicine, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal (E.M.)
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Shayo EH, Murdoch J, Kiwale Z, Bachmann M, Bakari M, Mbata D, Masauni S, Kivuyo S, Mfinanga S, Jaffar S, Van Hout MC. Management of chronic conditions in resource limited settings: multi stakeholders' perception and experiences with receiving and providing integrated HIV, diabetes and hypertension services in Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1120. [PMID: 37858150 PMCID: PMC10585858 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) alongside the continuing high burden of HIV poses a serious challenge to middle- and low-income countries' healthcare systems. Pilot studies of integrated models of service delivery for HIV, hypertension and diabetes have demonstrated that they are feasible and acceptable among patients and care providers. This study assessed multi-stakeholders' perspectives of the delivery and receipt of integrated care in Tanzania. METHODS A qualitative process evaluation was conducted in Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania where the integrated service delivery model was implemented from July to November 2021. In-depth interviews were held with seven key informants at the national, regional and district levels, eight healthcare providers, two researchers working at the integrated clinic and forty patients benefiting from integrated services at a large hospital. Three focus group discussions were held with community leaders and residents of the hospital's catchment area, and clinic level observations were conducted. Thematic analysis was conducted followed by the use of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model to identify factors pertinent to sustaining and scaling up of the integrated model. RESULTS Participants of the study at all levels were aware of the increased prevalence of NCDs specifically for hypertension and diabetes and were concerned about the trend of increasing co-morbid conditions among people living with HIV (PLHIV). The integrated service delivery model was positively perceived by stakeholders because of its multiple benefits for both patients and the healthcare system. These include stigma and discrimination reduction, improved quality of care, efficient use of limited resources, cost and time saving, reduced duplication of services and fostering of early detection for undiagnosed conditions. The organisation of the clinic was critical in increased satisfaction. Several challenges were observed, which included costs for NCD services relative to free care for HIV and inconsistent availability of NCD medications. CONCLUSION Stakeholders reported numerous benefits of the integrated service delivery model that are fundamental in improving the health of many Tanzanians living with NCDs and HIV. These benefits highlight the need for policy and decision-makers to sustain and expand the integrated service delivery model as a solution to many challenges facing the health system especially at the primary care level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zenais Kiwale
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Mtumwa Bakari
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Doris Mbata
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Salma Masauni
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sokoine Kivuyo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
- Kings College London, London, England, UK
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
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Boateng EB, Ampofo AG. A glimpse into the future: modelling global prevalence of hypertension. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1906. [PMID: 37789258 PMCID: PMC10546636 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Insights and foresights on trends of hypertension prevalence are crucial to informing health policymaking. We examined and projected the patterns of hypertension prevalence among sexes. METHODS Using annual hypertension prevalence (18 + years) data sourced from WHO Global Health Observatory data repository from 1975 to 2015, Prophet models were developed to forecast the 2040 prevalence of hypertension in males, females, and both sexes. We used k-means clustering and self-organising maps to determine the clusters of hypertension prevalence concerning both sexes among 176 countries. RESULTS Worldwide, Croatia is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males by 2040, while that of females is in Niger. Among the world's most populated countries, Pakistan and India are likely to increase by 7.7% and 4.0% respectively in both sexes. South-East Asia is projected to experience the largest hypertension prevalence in males, whereas Africa is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in females. Low-income countries are projected to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in both sexes. By 2040, the prevalence of hypertension worldwide is expected to be higher in the male population than in female. Globally, the prevalence of hypertension is projected to decrease from 22.1% in 2015 to 20.3% (20.2 - 20.4%) in 2040. We also identified three patterns of hypertension prevalence in 2040, cluster one countries are estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males (29.6%, 22.2 - 41.1%) and females (29.6%, 19.4 - 38.7%). CONCLUSION These findings emphasise the need for new and effective approaches toward the prevention and control of hypertension in Africa, South-East Asia, and Low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel B Boateng
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Ama G Ampofo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Kilindimo SS, Abdulkarim A, Simbila AN, Harrison R, Shirima L, Abdallah F, Mukhtar AG, Mfinanga J, Saika J, Kisanga E, Sawe HR. The burden and management strategies of hypertensive crisis in adult patients presenting to emergency departments of district and regional hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Hypertens 2023; 29:27. [PMID: 37777812 PMCID: PMC10544116 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-023-00251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive crisis is among the causes of morbidity and mortality in adult patients with hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to determine the burden, risk factors and describe the management strategies of hypertensive crisis among adult patients seen at emergency departments of district and regional hospitals in Tanzania. METHODS This was a prospective multicenter longitudinal study which included all 162 district and regional hospitals in Tanzania. It was part of the Tanzania Emergency Care Capacity Survey (TECCS), a large assessment of burden of acute illness and emergency care capacity in Tanzania. Adult patients who presented to emergency departments with blood pressure ≥ 180/110mmHg were enrolled. Demographics, clinical presentation, management, and 24-hours outcomes were recorded using a structured case report form. Descriptive statistics were summarized in frequency and median, while logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between risk factors and presence of hypertensive crisis. RESULTS We screened 2700 patients and enrolled 169 adults, henceforth proportion of adult patients with hypertensive crisis was 63 per 1000. Median age was 62 years (IQR 50-70 years) and predominantly females, 112 (66.3%). Majority 151(89.3%) were self-referred with two-wheel motorcycle being the commonest 46 (27.2%) mode of arrival to the hospital. Hypertensive emergency was found in over half 96 (56.8%) of the patients with hypertensive crisis, with oral medications administered in more than half of them, 71 (74%) as means to control the high blood pressure, and one-third 33 (34.4%) were discharged home. On multivariate analysis increasing age (AOR 4.53, p < 0.001), use of illicit drug (AOR 4.14, p-0.04) and pre-existing hypertension (AOR 8.1, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for hypertensive crisis occurrence. CONCLUSION Hypertensive crisis among adult patients attending district and regional hospitals is common (63 patients per every 1000 patients). Increasing age, use of illicit drug and pre-existing hypertension are independent associated factors for developing hypertensive crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said S Kilindimo
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Ahmed Abdulkarim
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alphonce N Simbila
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Raynald Harrison
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Lucy Shirima
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Farida Abdallah
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Aliasghar G Mukhtar
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Juma Mfinanga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joseph Saika
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Emanuel Kisanga
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hendry R Sawe
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Zelelew AN, Workie DL. Joint Modeling of Blood Pressure Measurements and Survival Time to Cardiovascular Disease Complication among Hypertension Patients Follow-up at DebreTabor Hospital, Ethiopia. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:621-635. [PMID: 37753512 PMCID: PMC10518359 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s418568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension is also referred to as a silent killer and a leading factor for cardiovascular disease complication in the world today. This study aimed to identify the factors that affect longitudinal outcomes and survival time for cardiovascular disease complications among patients with hypertension. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 178 outpatients with hypertension at the Debre Tabor Specialized Hospital between September 2017 and December 2019. Three different models were used to analyze the data: the bivariate mixed-effects model, Cox proportional hazard model, and bivariate joint model for longitudinal and survival sub-models linked by shared random effects. Results Bivariate mixed-effects and Cox proportional hazards survival sub-models were jointly preferred based on the minimum Akaike Information Criterion value. The estimated values of the association parameters were 0.0655 (p = 0.0270) and 0.963 (p = 0.0387), indicating that the association between systolic and diastolic blood pressure with time to event was guaranteed. The joint bivariate mixed-effects model analysis showed that patients with hypertension with a family history of hypertension and clinical stage II hypertension have a high chance of developing cardiovascular disease complications and have high average systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to their counterparts. Patients with hypertension and diabetes have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than their counterparts. Conclusion Generally, systolic and diastolic blood pressure stabilized over the follow-up period of treatment, while sex and residence were statistically insignificant to the survival time of cardiovascular disease complication. Health professionals and concerned bodies should therefore focus on patients with comorbidities, older age, and poor adherence to hypertension control and cardiovascular disease complications using technology, such as text messaging, and mobile application to promote cardiovascular health at early stage. It is important to provide early interventions for these groups of people, especially for those with family history.
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Ganie MA, Chowdhury S, Suri V, Joshi B, Bhattacharya PK, Agrawal S, Malhotra N, Sahay R, Jabbar PK, Rozati R, Wani IA, Shukla A, Arora T, Rashid H. Prevalence, Regional Variations, and Predictors of Overweight, Obesity, and Hypertension Among Healthy Reproductive-Age Indian Women: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Task Force Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e43199. [PMID: 37672315 PMCID: PMC10512112 DOI: 10.2196/43199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A clear understanding of the anthropometric and sociodemographic risk factors related to BMI and hypertension categories is essential for more effective disease prevention, particularly in India. There is a paucity of nationally representative data on the dynamics of these risk factors, which have not been assessed among healthy reproductive-age Indian women. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) task force study aimed to assess the anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics of healthy reproductive-age Indian women and explore the association of these characteristics with various noncommunicable diseases. METHODS We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey from 2018 to 2022 as part of the Indian Council of Medical Research-PCOS National Task Force study, with the primary aim of estimating the national prevalence of PCOS and regional phenotypic variations among women with PCOS. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted, and 7107 healthy women (aged 18-40 years) from 6 representative geographical zones of India were included in the study. The anthropometric indices and sociodemographic characteristics of these women were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between exposure and outcome variables. RESULTS Of the 7107 study participants, 3585 (50.44%) were from rural areas and 3522 (49.56%) were from urban areas. The prevalence of obesity increased from 8.1% using World Health Organization criteria to 40% using the revised consensus guidelines for Asian Indian populations. Women from urban areas showed higher proportions of overweight (524/1908, 27.46%), obesity (775/1908, 40.62%), and prehypertension (1008/1908, 52.83%) categories. A rising trend of obesity was observed with an increase in age. Women aged 18 to 23 years were healthy (314/724, 43.4%) and overweight (140/724, 19.3%) compared with women aged 36 to 40 years with obesity (448/911, 49.2%) and overweight (216/911, 23.7%). The proportion of obesity was high among South Indian women, with 49.53% (531/1072) and 66.14% (709/1072), using both World Health Organization criteria and the revised Indian guidelines for BMI, respectively. BMI with waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio had a statistically significant linear relationship (r=0.417; P<.001 and r=0.422; P<.001, respectively). However, the magnitude, or strength, of the association was relatively weak (0.3<|r|<0.5). Statistical analysis showed that the strongest predictors of being overweight or obese were older age, level of education, wealth quintile, and area of residence. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric and sociodemographic characteristics are useful predictors of overweight- and obesity-related syndromes, including prehypertension, among healthy Indian women. Increased attention to the health of Indian women from public health experts and policy makers is warranted. The findings of this study can be leveraged to offer valuable insights, informing health decision-making and targeted interventions that mitigate risk factors of overweight, obesity, and hypertension. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/23437.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ashraf Ganie
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Vanita Suri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Beena Joshi
- Department of Operational Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Bhattacharya
- Department of General Medicine, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sarita Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Chatisgarh, India
| | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Roya Rozati
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maternal Health & Research Trust, Hyderabad, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | - Amlin Shukla
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Taruna Arora
- Reproductive Biology and Maternal Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Department of Endocrinology, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
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Belay GJ, Fentanew M, Belay M, Gobezie M, Bekele G, Getie K, Shiferaw KB, Takele MD, Cherkos K, Zemariam AB. Physical Activity and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension at Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialised Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073018. [PMID: 37666550 PMCID: PMC10481733 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate evaluation of physical activity for patients with hypertension is important to determine patients' health outcomes and intervention measures. Information about physical activity among patients with hypertension in Ethiopia is not well known. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the physical activity and associated factors among patients with hypertension. STUDY DESIGN An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. STUDY SETTING The study was conducted at the Tertiary Hospital Northwest, Ethiopia. OUTCOME MEASURES Physical activity was assessed by Global Physical Activity Questionnaire as the primary outcome and factors significantly associated with physical activity were secondary outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred and twenty patients with hypertension took part in the study; among those 233 were men and 187 were women. The study participants were chosen using a systematic random sampling method. SPSS V.20 statistical software was used to analyse the data. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis model, adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI and p value<0.05 were used to identify the associated factors with physical activities. RESULTS Our study showed that 19.1% of study participants had inadequate physical activity, being old age with AOR: 10.27 (3.21 to 33.01), low or poor self-efficacy with AOR: 10.34 (4.89 to 21.84), poor self-rated health with AOR: 5.91 (1.73 to 20.13) and lack of adequate facilities with AOR: 4.07 (1.72 to 9.66) were significantly associated with inadequate physical activity. CONCLUSION Inadequate physical activity was detected in one-fifth of the study participants, according to our research. Being elderly, having low self-efficacy, having inadequate facilities and having poor self-rated health were all linked to inadequate physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Jember Belay
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Fentanew
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Misganaw Belay
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Gobezie
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremariam Bekele
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Kefale Getie
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassaw Belay Shiferaw
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Dejen Takele
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Cherkos
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Birara Zemariam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Lone A, Othman Albotuaiba A. Association Between Big Five Personality Traits and Hypertension in Saudi Patients: A Case Control Study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:3427-3435. [PMID: 37664136 PMCID: PMC10473415 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s416828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between personality traits and hypertension is complex and has so far not been studied in depth. Objective The present study aims to explore the connection between the Big Five personality traits and hypertension. Methods This case control study includes 310 participants, and the relationship between personality traits and hypertension was investigated in normotensive and hypertensive patients by the Big Five Inventory-10. We examined the association of each of the Big Five personality traits in hypertensive patients and a control group using binary logistic regression analysis. Results The findings of the study revealed that amongst the Big Five personality factors, low conscientiousness (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92-1.29, P<0.005) and high neuroticism (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.45-0.66, P<0.001) were related with high risk of hypertension. Male, older people, and physically inactive individuals have been found to be at a higher risk of hypertension. No significant relationship was found between hypertension and marital status, education, or smoking habits. Conclusion These results suggested that a low score in conscientiousness trait and a high neuroticism score may be an additional risk factor of hypertension. Thus, it may be worthy to investigate further in order to identify patients at risk and develop a more individual treatment strategy. Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological options can be used preemptively in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoob Lone
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, AlHasa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Weare AR, Feng Z, McGrath N. The prevalence of hypertension and hypertension control among married Namibian couples. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289788. [PMID: 37561676 PMCID: PMC10414666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that having a marital partner with hypertension is associated with an individual's increased risk of hypertension, however this has not been investigated in sub-Saharan Africa despite hypertension being a common condition; the age-standardised prevalence of hypertension was 46.0% in 2013 in Namibia. OBJECTIVE To explore whether there is spousal concordance for hypertension and hypertension control in Namibia. METHODS Couples data from the 2013 Namibia Demographic and Health Survey were analysed. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore the odds of individual's hypertension based on their partner's hypertension status, 492 couples. and the odds of hypertension control in individuals based on their partner's hypertension control (121 couples), where both members had hypertension. Separate models were built for female and male outcomes for both research questions to allow independent consideration of risk factors to be analysed for female and males. RESULTS The unadjusted odds ratio of 1.57 (CI 1.10-2.24) for hypertension among individuals (both sexes) whose partner had hypertension compared to those whose partner did not have hypertension, was attenuated to aOR 1.35 (CI 0.91-2.00) for females (after adjustment for age, BMI, diabetes, residence, individual and partner education) and aOR 1.42 (CI 0.98-2.07) for males (after adjustment for age and BMI). Females and males were significantly more likely to be in control of their hypertension if their partner also had controlled hypertension, aOR 3.69 (CI 1.23-11.12) and aOR 3.00 (CI 1.07-8.36) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Having a partner with hypertension was positively associated with having hypertension among married Namibian adults, although not statistically significant after adjustment. Partner's hypertension control was significantly associated with individual hypertension control. Couples-focused interventions, such as routine partner screening of hypertensive individuals, could be developed in Namibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rose Weare
- CHERISH Programme, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences & Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Zhixin Feng
- CHERISH Programme, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences & Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nuala McGrath
- CHERISH Programme, School of Primary Care, Population Sciences & Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Social Statistics and Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Mateso GQ, Makali S, Shamamba A, Ntaboba B, Urbain V, Eric M, Murhabazi E, Mihigo M, Mwene-Batu P, Kabego L, Baguma M. Etiologies and factors associated with mortality in patients with non-traumatic coma in a tertiary hospital in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18398. [PMID: 37520991 PMCID: PMC10382283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic coma (NTC) is a common medical condition often associated with poor outcomes. Identifying underlying causes is crucial for effective management and prognostication, particularly in resource-poor settings. This study aimed to identify the most common causes and prognostic factors of NTC in a tertiary hospital in Bukavu, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) as well as other simple and affordable clinical and paraclinical tools. This retrospective observational study included 219 consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Provincial General Hospital of Bukavu between January 2016 and December 2018. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify different causes and factors associated with poor outcomes in these patients. The median age of the patients was 49 (interquartile range [IQR]: 33-61) years, and they were predominantly men (62.8%). The most common causes of NTC were stroke (25.7%), acute metabolic complications of diabetes (21.9%), and primary brain infections (meningoencephalitis, 16.0%; and cerebral malaria, 14.2%). The NTC-related in-hospital mortality rate was 35.2%. A high mortality was significantly and independently associated with a GCS<7 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.73-10.71), the presence of meningismus at clinical evaluation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.86, 95%CI: 1.41-10.55), oxygen saturation <90% (aOR 3.99, 95%CI: 1.71-9.28), the consumption of traditional herbal medicines prior to hospital admission (aOR 2.82, 95%CI: 1.16-6.86), and elevated serum creatinine (aOR 1.64, 95%CI: 1.17-2.29). In conclusion, clinical neurological examinations, along with simple and affordable paraclinical investigations, can provide sufficient information to determine the etiology of NTC and evaluate the prognosis of comatose patients, even in resource-poor settings. Physicians may use the GCS as a simple, reliable, and affordable tool to identify patients who require special attention and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy-Quesney Mateso
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Samuel Makali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ashuza Shamamba
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Balola Ntaboba
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Victoire Urbain
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Musingilwa Eric
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Murhabazi
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Martine Mihigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pacifique Mwene-Batu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Landry Kabego
- Department of Medical Biology, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Marius Baguma
- Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Global Health (CTDGH), Université Catholique de Bukavu (UCB), Bukavu, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Ezeala-Adikaibe BA, Mbadiwe CN, Okafor UH, Nwobodo UM, Okwara CC, Okoli CP, Anyim OB, Anigbo EG, Chime PE, Ezeme MS, Onyebueke CG, Abonyi CM, Udeh CA, Okechukwu CU, Onodugo PN, Okpara CT, Nnaji OT, Obumneme-Anyim I, Orjioke C, Ekochin CF, Onyekonwu LC, Onodugo OD, Nwosu IN. Prevalence of hypertension in a rural community in southeastern Nigeria; an opportunity for early intervention. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:694-700. [PMID: 37120682 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00833-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading cause of non-communicable morbidity in Sub Saharan Africa. Recent studies suggest and increase in the prevalence of hypertension in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a three-phase approach, a structured questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of hypertension in a rural settlement is Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria. Blood pressure measurement was done according to the guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension. Out of 1576 participants aged 18 years and above, 1082 (68.7%) completed the full survey, their blood pressure was measured, and data analyzed. The prevalence of hypertension in this study was 27.6%, (95%CI 25-30.4), similar in males 29.2, (95%CI 24.7-30.4) and females 26.8%, (95%CI 23.5-30.2). p = 0.39. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age reaching a peak of 32.8% (95%CI 26.2-40) in the 40-49 age group, however this was not statistically significant P = 0.22. This age-related increase in the prevalence of hypertension tended towards significance in males (p = 0.05) but not in females (p = 0.44). Awareness of hypertension was 7.2%. Systolic blood pressure positively correlated with older age, higher blood glucose levels and waist-hip ratio. Diastolic blood pressure correlated with the type of work the patients is involved in and blood glucose levels. In conclusion, the prevalence of hypertension in a rural southeastern Nigeria community was 27.6%, however awareness was very low (7.9%). Most participants had mild hypertension thus offering a window of opportunity for public health educators in preventing the complications of hypertension. There is therefore the need for awareness campaigns to be intensified in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birinus A Ezeala-Adikaibe
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
| | - Chigekwu Nkeiruka Mbadiwe
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Ume Monday Nwobodo
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chibuzo Celestine Okwara
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike Paul Okoli
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Ekene Gideon Anigbo
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Peter Ekpunobi Chime
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Mark Sunday Ezeme
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Callistus Afam Udeh
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Pauline Nkiruka Onodugo
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Obiora Thomas Nnaji
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Casmir Orjioke
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Laura Chinwe Onyekonwu
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Ikechukwu Nnamdi Nwosu
- Department of Medicine, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
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20
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Jonathan IA, Kifai E, Chillo P. Spectrum of cardiac diseases among young and older adults defined by echocardiography at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute: A prospective cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:359. [PMID: 37464288 PMCID: PMC10355001 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with data showing an increasing trend. Previously uncommon, CVDs of lifestyle are now increasing in many Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries including Tanzania. The study aimed at determining the spectrum and distribution of CVDs among young (< 45 years) and older (≥ 45 years) adults referred for echocardiography at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute (JKCI). METHODS Hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted among adult patients referred for echocardiography at JKCI between July and December 2021. Patient's socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. CVD diagnoses were made using established diagnostic criterias. Comparisons were done using chi-square test and student's t-test. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with abnormal echocardiography. A significance level was set at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS In total 1,050 patients (750 old and 300 young adults) were enrolled. The mean ± SD age was 62.2 ± 10.4 years and 33.5 ± 7.4 years for older and young adults respectively. Hypertension was the commonest indication for echocardiography both in the young (31%) and older (80%) adults. Majority of older adults were found to have abnormal echocardiography (90.7%), while only 44.7% of the young adults had abnormal echocardiography (p < 0.001). For the older adults, the commonest diagnoses were HHD (70.3%), IHD (9.7%), and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (6.1%) while for young adults, HHD (16.7%), non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (8%), RHD (8%) and MVP (4.3%) were the commonest. The differences in the echocardiographic diagnoses between young and older adults were statistically significant, p < 0.001. Being an older adult, hypertensive, overweight/obese were independently associated with abnormal echocardiography (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Hypertensive heart disease is the most common diagnosis among adult patients referred for echocardiography at JKCI, both in young and older adults. Primary prevention, early detection and treatment of systemic hypertension should be reinforced in order to delay or prevent its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Abela Jonathan
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, P.O. BOX 65001, Tanzania.
| | - Engerasiya Kifai
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Pilly Chillo
- School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, P.O. BOX 65001, Tanzania
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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21
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Silva I, Damasceno A, Fontes F, Araújo N, Prista A, Jessen N, Padrão P, Silva-Matos C, Lunet N. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Young Adults (18-25 Years) in Mozambique. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:298. [PMID: 37504554 PMCID: PMC10380744 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The life course development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the undergoing epidemiological transition in Mozambique highlight the importance of monitoring the cardiovascular risk profile in young adults. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in a population aged 18-25 years living in Mozambique. A total of 776 young adults from a nationally representative sample were evaluated in 2014/2015 following the World Health Organization's STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance. Current smoking was the most prevalent among rural men (10.8%, 95%CI: 6.3-17.8), and drinking was most prevalent among urban men (38.6%, 95%CI: 29.3-48.8). The proportion of young adults not engaging in at least 75 min of vigorous physical activity per week ranged between 14.5% in rural men and 61.6% in urban women. The prevalence of being overweight/obese and hypertension were highest among urban women (21.6%, 95%CI: 14.7-30.6) and urban men (25.2%, 95%CI: 15.9-37.6), respectively. Education >8 years (vs. none) was independently associated with lower odds of being a current smoker, and increased monthly household income was associated with increased odds of low levels of physical activity. This study shows that important CVD risk factors are already common in the young adult population of Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Silva
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Filipa Fontes
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Unidade de Investigação em Enfermagem Oncológica, Centro de Investigação do Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Araújo
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Prista
- Faculdade de Ciências de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade Pedagógica de Maputo, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Neusa Jessen
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva-Matos
- Unidade de Gestão do Fundo Global-Direção de Planificação e Cooperação, Ministério da Saúde de Moçambique, Maputo 1100, Mozambique
| | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Moyo F, Birungi J, Garrib A, Namakoola I, Okebe J, Kivuyo S, Mutungi G, Mfinanga S, Nyirenda M, Jaffar S. Scaling up integrated care for HIV and other chronic conditions in routine health care settings in sub-Saharan Africa: Field notes from Uganda. Int J Integr Care 2023; 23:8. [PMID: 37577142 PMCID: PMC10418142 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integration of HIV and non-communicable disease (NCD) services is proposed to increase efficiency and coverage of NCD care in sub-Saharan Africa. Description Between October 2018 to January 2020 in Tanzania and Uganda, working in partnership with health services, we introduced an integrated chronic care model for people with HIV, diabetes and hypertension. In this model, patients were able to access care from a single point of care, as opposed to the standard of siloed care from vertical clinics. When the study ended, routine clinical services adopted the integrated model. In this article, we discuss how the model transitioned post hand-over in Uganda and draw lessons to inform future scale-up. Discussion The findings suggest potential for successful uptake of integrated chronic care by routine clinical services in sub-Saharan Africa. This approach may appeal to health care service providers and policy makers when they can quantify benefits that accrue from it, such as optimal utilization of health resources. For patients, integrated care may not appeal to all patients due to HIV-related stigma. Key considerations include good communication with patients, strong leadership, maintaining patient confidentiality and incorporating patient needs to facilitate successful uptake. Conclusion Evidence on the benefits of integrated care remains limited. More robust evidence will be essential to guide scale-up beyond research sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Moyo
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Josephine Birungi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- The AIDS Support Organization, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anupam Garrib
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Namakoola
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Joseph Okebe
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sokoine Kivuyo
- Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Mutungi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Muhimbili Research Centre, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Moffat Nyirenda
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shabbar Jaffar
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Van Hout MC, Zalwango F, Akugizibwe M, Chaka MN, Birungi J, Okebe J, Jaffar S, Bachmann M, Murdoch J. Implementing integrated care clinics for HIV-infection, diabetes and hypertension in Uganda (INTE-AFRICA): process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:570. [PMID: 37268916 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing a dual burden of chronic human immunodeficiency virus and non-communicable diseases. A pragmatic parallel arm cluster randomised trial (INTE-AFRICA) scaled up 'one-stop' integrated care clinics for HIV-infection, diabetes and hypertension at selected facilities in Uganda. These clinics operated integrated health education and concurrent management of HIV, hypertension and diabetes. A process evaluation (PE) aimed to explore the experiences, attitudes and practices of a wide variety of stakeholders during implementation and to develop an understanding of the impact of broader structural and contextual factors on the process of service integration. METHODS The PE was conducted in one integrated care clinic, and consisted of 48 in-depth interviews with stakeholders (patients, healthcare providers, policy-makers, international organisation, and clinical researchers); three focus group discussions with community leaders and members (n = 15); and 8 h of clinic-based observation. An inductive analytical approach collected and analysed the data using the Empirical Phenomenological Psychological five-step method. Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework was subsequently used to conceptualise integrated care across multiple contextual levels (macro, meso, micro). RESULTS Four main themes emerged; Implementing the integrated care model within healthcare facilities enhances detection of NCDs and comprehensive co-morbid care; Challenges of NCD drug supply chains; HIV stigma reduction over time, and Health education talks as a mechanism for change. Positive aspects of integrated care centred on the avoidance of duplication of care processes; increased capacity for screening, diagnosis and treatment of previously undiagnosed comorbid conditions; and broadening of skills of health workers to manage multiple conditions. Patients were motivated to continue receiving integrated care, despite frequent NCD drug stock-outs; and development of peer initiatives to purchase NCD drugs. Initial concerns about potential disruption of HIV care were overcome, leading to staff motivation to continue delivering integrated care. CONCLUSIONS Implementing integrated care has the potential to sustainably reduce duplication of services, improve retention in care and treatment adherence for co/multi-morbid patients, encourage knowledge-sharing between patients and providers, and reduce HIV stigma. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN43896688.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia Zalwango
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Research Unit, MRC/UVRI & LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
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Ilori TO, Zhen A, Velani RN, Zhao R, Echouffo-Tcheugui J, Anderson CA, Waikar SS, Kengne AP. The impact of dietary and lifestyle interventions on blood pressure management in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and metanalysis. J Hypertens 2023; 41:918-925. [PMID: 36928004 PMCID: PMC10158605 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current literature is lacking a comprehensive review of data on dietary interventions in blood pressure (BP) management in sub-Saharan African countries. We assessed the association of dietary and other lifestyle interventions with BP-lowering effects in populations within sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS We performed a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis to determine the impact of dietary and lifestyle interventions on SBP and DBP in sub-Saharan Africa. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. We included intervention studies that were randomized and nonrandomized conducted in Africans residing in sub-Saharan Africa investigating diet and other lifestyle, physical activity, weight loss, tobacco, and alcohol cessation modifications. We determined the effect of diet and other lifestyle interventions on SBP and DBP. We expressed effect size as weighted mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). MAIN RESULTS : We identified six studies with a total of 1412 individuals, 38% males, mean age of 52.8 years (SD = 11.5). The weighted mean difference of dietary and other lifestyle interventions on SBP and DBP was -7.33 mmHg, (95% CI: -9.90 to -4.76, P < 0.001) and -2.98 mmHg, (95% CI: -4.28 to -1.69, P < 0.001), respectively. In the metaregression analyses, the duration of the interventions did not have any effect on changes in SBP and DBP. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION : Dietary modifications showed a beneficial overall improvement in SBP and DBP in Africans. However, aside from low-salt interventions, studies on dietary potassium, healthy dietary patterns, and lifestyle modifications have not been investigated extensively in Africans and are in critical need. In addition, researchers will need to consider the settings (rural, urban, or semiurban) and the predominant existing dietary habits while designing studies on dietary interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42020207923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo O. Ilori
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Aileen Zhen
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Romie N. Velani
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Runqi Zhao
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Justin Echouffo-Tcheugui
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheryl A.M. Anderson
- Department of Public Health, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Nephrology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Andre P. Kengne
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban and Cape Town
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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25
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Khaltaev N, Axelrod S, Cui Y. Countrywide "best buy" interventions for noncommunicable diseases prevention and control in countries with different level of socioeconomic development. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:44-53. [PMID: 36926253 PMCID: PMC10011669 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) place a heavy burden on populations globally and in particular, on lower-income countries (LIC). WHO identified a package of 16 "best buy" lifestyle and management interventions that are cost-effective and applicable in all settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare NCD risk factors in all WHO countries and make preliminary assessment of "best buy" interventions. Methods Risk factors estimation was made in 188 countries. NCD attributable "best buys" concern tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol. Management issues are based on the availability of the national NCD guidelines and provision of drug therapy. Results Every fourth adult in high-income countries (HIC) has raised blood pressure (RBP). Prevalence of RBP in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) and LIC is 22%-23% (HIC/LMIC: t = 3.12, p < 0.01). Prevalence of diabetes in LIC is less than half of that in HIC and upper-middle-income countries (UMIC) UMIC/LIC: t = 8.37, p < 0.001. Obesity prevalence is gradually decreasing from HIC to LIC (HIC/LIC: t = 11.48, p < 0.001). Highest level of physical inactivity is seen in HIC, which then gradually declines to LIC (17%). Tobacco prevalence in LIC is almost less than half of that in HIC and UMIC (HIC/LIC: t = 7.2, p < 0.0001). There is a gradual decline in the implementation of "best buys" from HIC to LIC. Conclusion Wealthier countries have better implementation of the WHO NCD prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Khaltaev
- Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases Geneva Switzerland
| | - Svetlana Axelrod
- Institute for Leadership and Health Management I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University (Sechenov University) Moscow Russia
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Integrated multi-month dispensing of antihypertensive and antiretroviral therapy to sustain hypertension and HIV control. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:213-219. [PMID: 35246602 PMCID: PMC8896410 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-022-00655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multi-month dispensing (MMD) is a patient-centered approach in which stable patients receive medicine refills of three months or more. In this pre-post longitudinal study, we determined hypertension and HIV treatment outcomes in a cohort of hypertensive PLHIV at baseline and 12 months of receiving integrated MMD. At each clinical encounter, one healthcare provider attended to both hypertension and HIV needs of each patient in an HIV clinic. Among the 1,082 patients who received MMD, the mean age was 51 (SD = 9) years and 677 (63%) were female. At the start of MMD, 1,071(98.9%) patients had achieved HIV viral suppression, and 767 (73.5%) had achieved hypertension control. Mean blood pressure reduced from 135/87 (SD = 15.6/15.2) mmHg at the start of MMD to 132/86 (SD = 15.2/10.5) mmHg at 12 months (p < 0.0001). Hypertension control improved from 73.5% to 78.5% (p = 0.01) without a significant difference in the proportion of patients with HIV viral suppression at baseline and at 12 months, 98.9% vs 99.0% (p = 0.65). Patients who received MMD with elevated systolic blood pressure at baseline were less likely to have controlled blood pressure at 12 months (OR-0.9, 95% CI, 0.90,0.92). Overall, 1,043 (96.4%) patients were retained at 12 months. Integrated MMD for stable hypertensive PLHIV improved hypertension control and sustained optimal HIV viral suppression and retention of patients in care. Therefore, it is feasible to provide integrated MMD for both hypertension and HIV treatment and achieve dual control in the setting of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Sanusi A, Elsey H, Golder S, Sanusi O, Oluyase A. Cardiovascular health promotion: A systematic review involving effectiveness of faith-based institutions in facilitating maintenance of normal blood pressure. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001496. [PMID: 36962921 PMCID: PMC10022319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, faith institutions have a range of beneficial social utility, but a lack of understanding remains regarding their role in cardiovascular health promotion, particularly for hypertension. Our objective was assessment of modalities, mechanisms and effectiveness of hypertension health promotion and education delivered through faith institutions. A result-based convergent mixed methods review was conducted with 24 databases including MEDLINE, Embase and grey literature sources searched on 30 March 2021, results independently screened by three researchers, and data extracted based on behaviour change theories. Quality assessment tools were selected by study design, from Cochrane risk of bias, ROBINS I and E, and The Joanna Briggs Institute's Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument tools. Twenty-four publications contributed data. Faith institution roles include cardiovascular health/disease teaching with direct lifestyle linking, and teaching/ encouragement of personal psychological control. Also included were facilitation of: exercise/physical activity as part of normal lifestyle, nutrition change for cardiovascular health, cardiovascular health measurements, and opportunistic blood pressure checks. These demand relationships of trust with local leadership, contextualisation to local sociocultural realities, volitional participation but prior consent by faith / community leaders. Limited evidence for effectiveness: significant mean SBP reduction of 2.98 mmHg (95%CI -4.39 to -1.57), non-significant mean DBP increase of 0.14 mmHg (95%CI -2.74 to +3.01) three months after interventions; and significant mean SBP reduction of 0.65 mmHg (95%CI -0.91 to -0.39), non-significant mean DBP reduction of 0.53 mmHg (95%CI -1.86 to 0.80) twelve months after interventions. Body weight, waist circumference and multiple outcomes beneficially reduced for cardiovascular health: significant mean weight reduction 0.83kg (95% CI -1.19 to -0.46), and non-significant mean waist circumference reduction 1.48cm (95% CI -3.96 to +1.00). In addressing the global hypertension epidemic the cardiovascular health promotion roles of faith institutions probably hold unrealised potential. Deliberate cultural awareness, intervention contextualisation, immersive involvement of faith leaders and alignment with religious practice characterise their deployment as healthcare assets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi Sanusi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Elsey
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Su Golder
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adejoke Oluyase
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care & Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Galson SW, Pesambili M, Vissoci JRN, Manavalan P, Hertz JT, Temu G, Staton CA, Stanifer JW. Hypertension in an Emergency Department Population in Moshi, Tanzania; A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Hypertension Control. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279377. [PMID: 36608026 PMCID: PMC9821488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hypertension with a low rate of awareness, treatment adherence, and control. The emergency department (ED) may represent a unique opportunity to improve hypertension screening, awareness, and linkage to care. We conducted a qualitative study among hypertensive patients presenting to the ED and their healthcare providers to determine barriers to hypertension care and control. METHODS In northern Tanzania, between November and December 2017, we conducted three focus group discussions among patients with hypertension presenting to the emergency department and three in-depth interviews among emergency department physicians. In our study, hypertension was defined as a single blood pressure of ≥160/100 mm Hg or a two-time average of ≥140/90 mm Hg. Barriers to care were identified by thematic analysis applying an inductive approach within the framework method. RESULTS We enrolled 24 total patients into three focus groups and performed three in-depth interviews with individual providers. Thematic analysis identified two major domains: 1) patient knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and 2) structural barriers to hypertension care. Four major themes emerged within the knowledge, attitudes, and practices domain, including disease chronicity, provider communication, family support, and fear-based attitudes. Within the structural domain, several themes emerged that identified barriers that impeded hypertension follow-up care and self-management, including cost, access to care, and transportation and wait time. CONCLUSION Patients and physicians identified multiple barriers and facilitators to hypertension care. These perspectives may be helpful to design emergency department-based interventions that target blood pressure control and linkage to outpatient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie W. Galson
- Duke Emergency Medicine, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | - Preeti Manavalan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Julian T. Hertz
- Duke Emergency Medicine, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Gloria Temu
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Catherine A. Staton
- Duke University Medical Center, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Mumu SJ, Stanaway FF, Merom D. Rural-to-urban migration, socio-economic status and cardiovascular diseases risk factors among Bangladeshi adults: A nationwide population based survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:860927. [PMID: 37089482 PMCID: PMC10116049 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.860927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rural-to-urban migration is one of the key drivers of urbanization in Bangladesh and may impact on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk due to lifestyle changes. This study examined whether CVD risk factors were associated with migration to and duration of urban life, considering socio-economic indicators. Methods A total of 27,792 participants (18-59 years) from the 2006 Bangladesh cross-sectional Urban Health Survey were included in the analyses of whom 14,167 (M: 7,278; W: 6,889) were non-migrant urban residents and 13,625 (M: 6,413; W: 7,212) were rural-to-urban migrants. Gender-specific prevalence of CVD risk factors were estimated for urban and migrant groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association between each CVD risk by education and wealth within each study group and their possible effect modification. An analysis on the rural-to-urban migrant subgroup only was conducted to examine the association between each CVD risk factor and length of urban stay adjusted for demographic and socio-economic indicators. Results Compared to urban residents, migrants had significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity for both genders. Hypertension was higher among urban women while alcohol/illicit drug use was higher among urban men. Mental health disorders were higher among migrants than urban residents for both genders and no difference were noted for diabetes or cigarette smoking prevalence. In both study groups and genders, the risk of overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes increased with increasing education and wealth whereas for mental health disorders, alcohol/illicit drug use, cigarette and bidi smoking the reverse was found. Differences in BMI between migrant and urban women were attenuated with increased education levels (p = 0.014 for interaction). Consistent increasing pattern of risk was observed with longer duration of urban stay; in migrant men for obesity (OR = 1.67), smoking (OR = 1.67) and alcohol/illicit drug use (OR = 2.86), and for obesity and mental health disorder among migrant women. Conclusions Migrants had high proportion of CVD risk factors which were influenced by education, wealth and duration of urban stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Jahan Mumu
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Torrens University Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Shirin Jahan Mumu
| | - Fiona F. Stanaway
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Pharmacological Effects of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam (Araliaceae) Extract on Cardiac Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1961352. [PMID: 36212942 PMCID: PMC9536924 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1961352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocotyle bonariensis is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine for the management of hypertension in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. However, the real impact of the traditional use of this plant on arterial hypertension has not yet been the subject of conclusive scientific information in the literature. This study aimed essentially to evaluate the potential cardiomodulatory effect of the hydroethanolic extract of Hydrocotyle bonariensis. In other to do so, the hydroethanolic extract of H. bonariensis was studied in vivo on the Wistar rat ECG and then in vitro on the isolated perfused Wistar rat heart using the Langendorff system. The extract was also tested on isolated guinea pig atria kept alive in the organ-specific vessel under physiological conditions similar to those of a living organism. At the cellular level, the effects of the extract were evaluated on the human cardiac sodium current INav1.5 and on the human cardiac pacemaker current If. We noted that the extract caused a decrease in P wave and T wave amplitudes and heart rate and an increase in the duration of the RR interval on the in vivo rat ECG. On the isolated perfused Langendorff heart as well as on the isolated atria, a decrease in the RR interval and in the heart rate was noted. The extract had no effect on human cardiac sodium current, but it did reduce human cardiac pacemaker current. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that Hydrocotyle bonariensis, a medicinal plant traditionally used to prevent and treat hypertension, has an overall cardiomoderating effect. This effect would contribute to the reduction of blood pressure.
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Amankwa Harrison M, Marfo AFA, Buabeng KO, Nkansah FA, Boateng DP, Ankrah DNA. Drug‐related problems among hospitalized hypertensive and heart failure patients and physician acceptance of pharmacists' interventions at a teaching hospital in Ghana. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e786. [PMID: 36032513 PMCID: PMC9401642 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertensive and heart failure patients frequently require multiple drug therapy which may be associated with drug‐related problems (DRPs). Aim To determine the frequency, types, and predictors of DRPs, and acceptance of pharmacists' interventions among hospitalized hypertensive and heart failure patients. Method It was a prospective cross‐sectional study at the internal medicine department wards of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) between January and June 2019 using a validated form (the pharmaceutical care form used by clinical pharmacists at the medical department). DRPs were classified based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) Classification scheme for DRPs V8.02. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results A total of 247 DRPs were identified in 134 patients. The mean number of DRPs was 1.84 (SD: 1.039) per patient. Most DRPs occurred during the prescribing process (40.5%; n(DRPs) = 100), and the highest prescribing problem was untreated indication (11.7%; n = 29). Other frequent DRPs were medication counseling need (25.1%; n = 62), administration errors 10.1%(n = 25), drug interaction (10.5%; n = 26), and “no” or inappropriate monitoring (10.5%; n = 26). The number of drugs received significantly predicted the number of DRPs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 9.85; 95% CI: 2.04–47.50; p < 0.001). Clinical variables were significant predictors of number of DRPs (diabetic status: AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.98, p < 0.05; statin use: AOR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.81, p < 0.05; antiplatelet use: AOR: 5.95, 95% CI: 2.03–17.48, p < 0.01). Average acceptance of interventions by physicians was 71.6% (SD: 11.7). Most (70.6%; n = 48) accepted interventions were implemented by physicians (resolved). Conclusion DRPs frequently occur, with most problems identified in the prescribing process. Medication counseling was frequently needed. Patients' number of drugs and clinical factors predicted the occurrence of DRPs. Physicians accepted and implemented most interventions. Our findings suggest that clinical pharmacists have an important role in cardiovascular patient care, but this study should be replicated in other hospitals in Ghana to corroborate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Amankwa Harrison
- Pharmacy Department Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Afia F. A. Marfo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Kwame O. Buabeng
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
| | - Florence A. Nkansah
- Pharmacy Department Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana
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Lifestyle modification practices and associated factors among hypertensive patients at Gambella Hospital Southwest Ethiopia; 2019. FRONTIERS OF NURSING 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fon-2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries that need urgent strategies to implement interventions. Appropriate lifestyle modification practices are the corner stone of the prevention and control.
Objective
To assess lifestyle modification practices and associated factors among hypertensive patients.
Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among hypertensive patients from 1 April to 30 April 2019. Simple random sampling was used to select the study subjects. Data were entered to EpiData 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 25.0, for analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of lifestyle modifications among hypertensive patients.
Results
The findings of this study revealed that the level of lifestyle modification practice was 79 (39.5%). This finding is very low, and it has a significant effect on the management of hypertensive disorders and hypertension-related acute and chronic complications. Ethnicity, family history of hypertension, and knowledge about hypertension were identified as predictors of lifestyle modification practice.
Conclusions
In this study, lifestyle modification practice is low (about 40%), but scientifically, almost all hypertensive patients on follow-up should practice lifestyle modification modalities.
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Ogudu U, Nwaiwu O, Fasipe OJ. A comparative evaluation of fixed dose and separately administered combinations of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide in treatment-naïve adult hypertensive patients in a rural Nigerian community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AND PREVENTION 2022; 14:200144. [PMID: 36097516 PMCID: PMC9463461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcrp.2022.200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Antihypertensive drugs administered as fixed dose combination (FDC) therapy compared to separately administered combination therapy have been proposed to improve treatment compliance/adherence, and therefore the efficacy of blood pressure (BP) control treatment. Aim The aim of this present study is to compare the blood pressure control, renal end-organ protection and medication compliance/adherence in patients receiving FDC and those receiving separately administered combinations of Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide in treatment-naive hypertensive adult patients in a rural Nigerian community. Method ology: This randomized two-arm prospective longitudinal 8-week parallel-group study was carried-out for 6-month at the Ajegunle Community between April 2018 and October 2018. Efficacy variables included the changes from baseline in mean sitting systolic BP (MSSBP) and mean sitting diastolic BP (MSDBP). Medication safety, compliance/adherence and renal end-organ protection were assessed. Results The baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 32.9%. The mean blood pressure of all the participants was 165.6 ± 16.5 mmHg and 98.5 ± 11.5 mmHg for systolic BP and diastolic BP respectively, while the mean pulse rate of the participants was 85.0 ± 13.4 beats/min. At the 8-week end point, both regimens had achieved significant reductions from baseline in MSSBP (−33.18 and −37.16 mm Hg, respectively; both, P < 0.05) and MSDBP (−12.97 and −17.53 mm Hg; both, P < 0.05). Both regimens were generally well tolerated. Adherence was better in the FDC arm and there was no any reported case of proteinuria occurrence in both arms. Conclusion The high prevalence of hypertension in the community shows that there is unmet need in diagnosis and awareness of the disease. Both combination therapies were well tolerated; but the FDC antihypertensive therapy resulted in statistically significant amount of BP reductions than the separately administered combination antihypertensive therapy. Making FDCs available and affordable will help many hypertensive patients to achieve their target BP control goals easily.
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Okati-Aliabad H, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Kargar S, Mohammadi M. Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in the Middle East region: a systematic review & meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens 2022; 36:794-804. [PMID: 35031669 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This study aimed to obtain an overall regional estimate of the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and present the disease pattern based on the age and time in the Middle East region. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline for articles on the prevalence of hypertension, pre-hypertension among countries of the Middle East region from 1999 to 2019. STATA-14 was used to analyze the data. Data were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model, and heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 test and subgroup analysis. A total of eighty-three studies with 479816 participants met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis process. The overall prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension in the Middle East region were 24.36% (95% CI: 19.06-31.14) and 28. 60% (95% CI: 24.19-33.80), respectively. An increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension was observed with the increasing age. The prevalence of hypertension in the ≤ 49-year-old age group was 17.13% (95% CI: 13.79-21.27) and in people over 60 years was 61.24% (95% CI: 55.30-67.81) (P < 0.001). This pattern has been similar among both males and females. On the other hand, a decreasing trend in the prevalence of pre-hypertension was observed with the increasing age. The increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and decreasing trend in the prevalence of pre-hypertension with age are significant concerns in the Middle East region. Screening for the prevention and control of hypertension should prioritize public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Okati-Aliabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Kargar
- Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Mohammadi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Parati G, Lackland DT, Campbell NRC, Ojo Owolabi M, Bavuma C, Mamoun Beheiry H, Dzudie A, Ibrahim MM, El Aroussy W, Singh S, Varghese CV, Whelton PK, Zhang XH. How to Improve Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Africa, and How to Reduce Its Consequences: A Call to Action From the World Hypertension League. Hypertension 2022; 79:1949-1961. [PMID: 35638381 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading preventable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and disability globally. In low- and middle-income countries hypertension has a major social impact, increasing the disease burden and costs for national health systems. The present call to action aims to stimulate all African countries to adopt several solutions to achieve better hypertension management. The following 3 goals should be achieved in Africa by 2030: (1) 80% of adults with high blood pressure in Africa are diagnosed; (2) 80% of diagnosed hypertensives, that is, 64% of all hypertensives, are treated; and (3) 80% of treated hypertensive patients are controlled. To achieve these aims, we call on individuals and organizations from government, private sector, health care, and civil society in Africa and indeed on all Africans to undertake a few specific high priority actions. The aim is to improve the detection, diagnosis, management, and control of hypertension, now considered to be the leading preventable killer in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular Neural and Metabolic Sciences; and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy (G.P.)
| | - Daniel T Lackland
- Division of Translational Neurosciences and Population Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (D.T.L.)
| | - Norman R C Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology and Community Health Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada (N.R.C.C.)
| | - Mayowa Ojo Owolabi
- Faculty of Clinical Sciences; Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria (M.O.O.)
| | - Charlotte Bavuma
- Kigali University Teaching Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda (C.B.)
| | - Hind Mamoun Beheiry
- Faculty of Nursing Sciences; Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine; International University of Africa (IUA), Sudan (H.M.B.)
| | - Anastase Dzudie
- Faculty of Medicine and biomedical sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon (A.D.)
| | | | | | - Sandhya Singh
- Director; Cluster: Non-Communicable Diseases, National Department of Health, South Africa (S.S.)
| | - Cherian V Varghese
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (C.V.V.)
| | - Paul K Whelton
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (P.K.W.)
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, China (X.-H.Z.)
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Belay DG, Fekadu Wolde H, Molla MD, Aragie H, Adugna DG, Melese EB, Tarekegn GE, Gezahegn E, Kibret AA. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adult patients attending the outpatient department at the primary hospitals of Wolkait tegedie zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Front Neurol 2022; 13:943595. [PMID: 36034276 PMCID: PMC9414034 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.943595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hypertension, often known as increased blood pressure, is a worldwide public health concern. Globally, ~1 billion people have hypertension and 7.1 million die from this disease. It is disproportionately more prevalent in resource-poor nations, with inadequate health systems like Ethiopia. Moreover, information on the burden of disease from hypertension in the specific area, especially in the newly organized Wolkait Tegedie zone, is essential to develop effective prevention and control strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and associated factors among adult patients evaluated at the outpatient department of the two district hospitals in the Wolkait Tegedie zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select a total of 449 participants. The data were collected and then entered using EPI-INFO version 7 and exported to STATA 14 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of association. Variables having a p-value < 0.05 from the multivariable analysis were considered to have a significant association with the outcome. Results The prevalence of hypertension among adult patients in this study was 44.91% [95% CI: 40.26%, 49.65%], of which 63.92% were new diagnoses. Being >60 years [AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.20], having poor physical exercise [AOR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.15], consuming cruddy oil [AOR = 15.22; 95% CI: 3.86, 60.12], having a family history of hypertension [AOR = 13.02; 95% CI: 3.75, 45.16], and having a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) [AOR = 8.05; 95% CI: 1.24, 51.49] had a statistically significant association with having hypertension. Conclusion There is a relatively high prevalence of hypertension among adult patients in the outpatient department of the two primary hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia. Factors such as being of older age, having poor physical exercise behavior, cruddy oil consumption, and family history of DM and hypertension had a positive significant statistical association with being hypertensive. Community-based screening programs for hypertension should be designed and implemented to prevent this silent killer disease. Health education and promotion that focus on healthy nutrition and physical exercise should be delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- *Correspondence: Daniel Gashaneh Belay
| | - Haileab Fekadu Wolde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Aragie
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Belayneh Melese
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebrekidan Ewnetu Tarekegn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Eleleta Gezahegn
- Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Urban-rural differences in hypertension prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries, 1990-2020: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004079. [PMID: 36007101 PMCID: PMC9410549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of urbanicity on hypertension prevalence remains poorly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the difference in hypertension prevalence between urban and rural areas in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the most pronounced urbanisation is underway. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, from 01/01/1990 to 10/03/2022. We included population-based studies with ≥400 participants 15 years and older, selected by using a valid sampling technique, from LMICs that reported the urban-rural difference in hypertension prevalence using similar blood pressure measurements. We excluded abstracts, reviews, non-English studies, and those with exclusively self-reported hypertension prevalence. Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers following a standardised protocol. Our primary outcome was the urban minus rural prevalence of hypertension. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure as ≥90 mm Hg and could include use of antihypertensive medication, self-reported diagnosis, or both. We investigated heterogeneity using study-level and socioeconomic country-level indicators. We conducted meta-analysis and meta-regression using random-effects models. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018091671). We included 299 surveys from 66 LMICs, including 19,770,946 participants (mean age 45.4 ± SD = 9 years, 53.0% females and 63.1% from rural areas). The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 30.5% (95% CI, 28.9, 32.0) in urban areas and 27.9% (95% CI, 26.3, 29.6) in rural areas, resulting in a pooled urban-rural difference of 2.45% (95% CI, 1.57, 3.33, I-square: 99.71%, tau-square: 0.00524, Pheterogeneity < 0.001). Hypertension prevalence increased over time and the rate of change was greater in rural compared to urban areas, resulting in a pooled urban-rural difference of 5.75% (95% CI, 4.02, 7.48) in the period 1990 to 2004 and 1.38% (95% CI, 0.40, 2.37) in the period 2005 to 2020, p < 0.001 for time period. We observed substantial heterogeneity in the urban-rural difference of hypertension, which was partially explained by urban-rural definition, probably high risk of bias in sampling, country income status, region, and socioeconomic indicators. The urban-rural difference was 5.67% (95% CI, 4.22, 7.13) in low, 2.74% (95% CI, 1.41, 4.07) in lower-middle and -1.22% (95% CI, -2.73, 0.28) in upper-middle-income countries in the period 1990 to 2020, p < 0.001 for country income. The urban-rural difference was highest for South Asia (7.50%, 95% CI, 5.73, 9.26), followed by sub-Saharan Africa (4.24%, 95% CI, 2.62, 5.86) and reversed for Europe and Central Asia (-6.04%, 95% CI, -9.06, -3.01), in the period 1990 to 2020, p < 0.001 for region. Finally, the urban-rural difference in hypertension prevalence decreased nonlinearly with improvements in Human Development Index and infant mortality rate. Limitations included lack of data available from all LMICs and variability in urban and rural definitions in the literature. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypertension in LMICs increased between 1990 and 2020 in both urban and rural areas, but with a stronger trend in rural areas. The urban minus rural hypertension difference decreased with time, and with country-level socioeconomic development. Focused action, particularly in rural areas, is needed to tackle the burden of hypertension in LMICs.
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Anota A, Nedi T. Blood Pressure Control and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive Patients Attending Shashemene Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia. Hosp Pharm 2022; 57:555-563. [PMID: 35898241 PMCID: PMC9310308 DOI: 10.1177/00185787211061372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is public health challenge worldwide. It is defined as persistently elevated arterial blood pressure (BP), systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mmHg or use of antihypertensive medication in adults older than 18 years. The aim of this study was to assess blood pressure control and associated factors among hypertensive patients attending the outpatient department of Shashemene Referral Hospital. METHODS Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted to determine level of blood pressure control and associated factors among hypertensive patients on medical follow-up. A medical chart review and interview was conducted from July 1 to October 31 2018. RESULT A total of 325 participants were included in this study with response rate of 320 (98.5%). More than half of study participants were males 171 (53.4%). The mean age of the respondents was 55.10 (SD ± 12.7) years and majority of the respondents 191 (59.7%) were within age of less than 60 years old. The mean Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 131.80 mmHg (SD ± 20.92) while the mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 82.30 mmHg (SD ± 10.52). About 51.30% of study participants had a controlled SBP and 54.7% had a controlled DBP. The overall control of BP was achieved in 40.3% of the study participants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age, experience of side effects, frequency of BP measuring, number of antihypertensive drugs used, duration on antihypertensive, source of medication and physical exercise showed significant association with blood pressure control. CONCLUSION Blood pressure control level among chronic hypertensive patients at outpatient department was low. Age of patients, educational level, experience of side effects, and number of antihypertensive drugs used were important determinant factors associated with blood pressure control among study participants.
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Hennein R, Ggita J, Ssuna B, Shelley D, Akiteng AR, Davis JL, Katamba A, Armstrong-Hough M. Implementation, interrupted: Identifying and leveraging factors that sustain after a programme interruption. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:1868-1882. [PMID: 34775913 PMCID: PMC10570963 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2021.2003838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Many implementation efforts experience interruptions, especially in settings with developing health systems. Approaches for evaluating interruptions are needed to inform re-implementation strategies. We sought to devise an approach for evaluating interruptions by exploring the sustainability of a programme that implemented diabetes mellitus (DM) screening within tuberculosis clinics in Uganda in 2017. In 2019, we conducted nine interviews with clinic staff and observed clinic visits to determine their views and practices on providing integrated care. We mapped themes to a social ecological model with three levels derived from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): outer setting (i.e. community), inner setting (i.e. clinic), and individuals (i.e. clinicians). Respondents explained that DM screening ceased due to disruptions in the national supply chain for glucose test strips, which had cascading effects on clinics and clinicians. Lack of screening supplies in clinics limited clinicians' opportunities to perform DM screening, which contributed to diminished self-efficacy. However, culture, compatibility and clinicians' beliefs about DM screening sustained throughout the interruption. We propose an approach for evaluating interruptions using the CFIR and social ecological model; other programmes can adapt this approach to identify cascading effects of interruptions and target them for re-implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hennein
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Joseph Ggita
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bashir Ssuna
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Donna Shelley
- Department of Public Health Policy and Management, New York University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ann R. Akiteng
- Uganda Initiative for Integrated Management of Non-Communicable Diseases, Upper Mulago Hill, Kampala, Uganda
| | - J. Lucian Davis
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Section, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Achilles Katamba
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Department of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mari Armstrong-Hough
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University, New York, New York, United States
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Renta V, Walker RJ, Nagavally S, Dawson AZ, Campbell JA, Egede LE. Differences in the relationship between social capital and hypertension in emerging vs. established economies in Sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1038. [PMID: 35610591 PMCID: PMC9128267 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global burden of hypertension is growing, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to investigate differences in the relationship between social capital and hypertension between regions in Sub-Saharan Africa (West vs. South Africa) and within regions (rural vs. urban residence within each country). Methods Data for 9,800 adults were analyzed from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) 2007-2010 for Ghana (West African emerging economy) and South Africa (South African established economy). Outcomes were self-reported and measured hypertension. The primary independent variable was social capital, dichotomized into low vs. medium/high. Interaction terms were tested between social capital and rural/urban residence status for each outcome by country. Linear and logistic regression models were run separately for both countries and each outcome. Results Those with low social capital in the emerging economy of Ghana were more likely to have hypertension based on measurement (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.18,1.55), but the relationship with self-reported hypertension lost significance after adjustment. There was no significant relationship in the relationship between social capital and hypertension in the established economy of South Africa after adjustment. No significant interactions existed by rural/urban residence status in either country. Conclusion Low social capital was associated with worse hypertension outcomes, however, the relationship differed between South Africa and Ghana. Further investigation is needed to understand differences between and within countries to guide development of programs targeted at leveraging and promoting social capital as a positive component of overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Renta
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rebekah J Walker
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sneha Nagavally
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aprill Z Dawson
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Leonard E Egede
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Center for Advancing Population Science (CAPS), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Shayo EH, Kivuyo S, Seeley J, Bukenya D, Karoli P, Mfinanga SG, Jaffar S, Van Hout MC. The acceptability of integrated healthcare services for HIV and non-communicable diseases: experiences from patients and healthcare workers in Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:655. [PMID: 35578274 PMCID: PMC9112557 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has risen sharply amidst a high burden of communicable diseases. An integrated approach to HIV and NCD care offers the potential of strengthening disease control programmes. We used qualitative methods to explore patients' and care-providers' experiences and perspectives on the acceptability of integrated care for HIV-infection, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension (HT) in Tanzania. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted in selected health facilities in Dar es Salaam and Coastal regions, which had started to provide integrated care and management for HIV, DM, and HT using a single research clinic for patients with one or more of these conditions. In-depth interviews were held with patients and healthcare providers at three time points: At enrolment (prior to the patient receiving integrated care, at the mid-line and at the study end). A minimum of 16 patients and 12 healthcare providers were sampled for each time point. Observation was also carried out in the respective clinics during pre- and mid-line phases. The Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA) underpinned the structure and interpretation of the combined qualitative and observational data sets. RESULTS Patients and healthcare providers revealed a positive attitude towards the integrated care delivery model at the mid-line and at study end-time points. High acceptability was related to increased exposure to service integration in terms of satisfaction with the clinic setup, seating arrangements and the provision of medical care services. Satisfaction also centred on the patients' freedom to move from one service point to another, and to discuss the services and their own health status amongst themselves. Adherence to medication and scheduling of clinic appointments appeared central to the patient-provider relationship as an aspect in the provision of quality services. Multi-condition health education, patient time and cost-saving, and detection of undiagnosed disease conditions emerged as benefits. On the other hand, a few challenges included long waiting times and limited privacy in lower and periphery health facilities due to infrastructural limitations. CONCLUSION The study reveals a continued high level of acceptability of the integrated care model among study participants in Tanzania. This calls for evaluation in a larger and a comparative study. Nevertheless, much more concerted efforts are necessary to address structural challenges and maximise privacy and confidentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth H. Shayo
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sokoine Kivuyo
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Janet Seeley
- grid.415861.f0000 0004 1790 6116MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dominic Bukenya
- grid.415861.f0000 0004 1790 6116MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Peter Karoli
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- grid.48004.380000 0004 1936 9764Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shabbar Jaffar
- grid.48004.380000 0004 1936 9764Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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Zewudie BT, Geze Tenaw S, Solomon M, Mesfin Y, Abebe H, Mekonnen Z, Tesfa S, Chekole Temere B, Aynalem Mewahegn A, lankrew T, Sewale Y. The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics of Butajira General Hospital, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221094454. [PMID: 35509957 PMCID: PMC9058352 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221094454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aimed to assess the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension, and its associated factors among adult HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at Butajira General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods: We applied an institutional-based cross-sectional study design at Butajira General Hospital from 1 May to 1 July 2021. We used a systematic random sampling technique to select the total number of participants. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was applied to collect the data (sociodemographic characteristics, clinical-related factors, and lifestyle-related factors from the study participants. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by statistical package for social science version 25. We applied a multivariable logistic regression analysis model to identify variables significantly associated with hypertension. Results: The study comprised 388 participants with 39 years (10.6 SD) as the mean age of the participants. Of the total participants, 235 (60.6%) were female. In this study the magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients was 18.8% (95% CI: 14.7%–23.2%). Having comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio = 5.29, 95% CI: 2.154, 12.99), habit of alcohol drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 2.909, 95% CI: 1.306, 6.481), duration of antiretroviral therapy ⩾ 5 years (adjusted odds ratio = 3.087, 95% CI: 1.558, 6.115), and age ⩾ 40 years (adjusted odds ratio = 2.642, 95% CI: 1.450, 4.813) were factors significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusions and recommendations: The magnitude of undiagnosed hypertension among HIV-positive patients attending the antiretroviral therapy clinic of Butajira General Hospital is high. The findings of this study implied that HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics should be monitored routinely for hypertension; especially participants aged ⩾40 years, highly active antiretroviral therapy duration ⩾5 years, having diabetes mellitus comorbidity need more attention. Primary healthcare integration is also vital to enhance the health of HIV-positive patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitew Tefera Zewudie
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaw Geze Tenaw
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Mamo Solomon
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Mesfin
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Haimanot Abebe
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Zebene Mekonnen
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Shegaw Tesfa
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Bogale Chekole Temere
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Agerie Aynalem Mewahegn
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Tadele lankrew
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, Ethiopia
| | - Yihenew Sewale
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Birhan University, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
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Norris T, Girma M, Genye T, Hussen A, Pradeilles R, Bekele Z, van Zyl C, Samuel A. Predictors of prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension in Ethiopia: Reanalysis of the 2015 NCD STEPS survey using causal path diagrams. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2022:e13365. [PMID: 35488470 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to reanalyse the Ethiopia STEPwise approach to Surveillance Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors survey (NCD STEPS), using causal path diagrams constructed using expert subject matter knowledge in conjunction with graphical model theory to map the underlying causal network of modifiable factors associated with prediabetes/diabetes and hypertension. We used data from the 2015 Ethiopia NCD STEPS representative cross-sectional survey (males; n = 3977 and females; n = 5823 aged 15-69 years) and performed directed acyclic graph-informed logistic regression analyses. In both sexes, a 1-unit higher in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively associated with prediabetes/diabetes (BMI: males: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.07 [95% confidence interval: 1.0, 1.1], females aOR: 1.03 [1.0, 1.1]; WC: males: aOR: 1.1 [0.9, 1.2], females: aOR: 1.2 [1.1, 1.3]) and hypertension (BMI: males: aOR: 1.2 [1.1, 1.2], females aOR: 1.1 [1.0, 1.1]; WC: males: aOR: 1.6 [1.4, 1.8], females: aOR: 1.3 [1.2, 1.5]). Although residing in urban settings was associated with higher odds of hypertension in both males (aOR: 1.79 [1.49, 2.16]) and females (aOR: 1.70 [1.49, 1.95]), it was only associated with prediabetes/diabetes in males (aOR: 1.56 [1.25, 1.96]). Males and females in pastoralist areas had lower odds of prediabetes/diabetes compared with their agrarian counterparts (males: aOR: 0.27 [0.14, 0.52], females: aOR: 0.31 [0.16, 0.58]). Physical activity was associated with lower odds of prediabetes/diabetes among females (aOR: 0.75 [0.58, 0.97]). Other diet-related modifiable factors such as consumption of fruit and vegetable, alcohol or salt were not associated with either prediabetes/diabetes or hypertension. Our findings highlight the need to implement interventions that prevent overweight/obesity and nutrition-related NCDs, particularly in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Norris
- International Food Policy Research Institute Collaborator, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Girma
- National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tirsit Genye
- National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemayehu Hussen
- National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rebecca Pradeilles
- Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, UK
| | - Zerihun Bekele
- National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Cornelia van Zyl
- National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aregash Samuel
- National Information Platforms for Nutrition (NIPN), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Kibret AA, Aragie H, Belay DG, Molla MD, Teferi ET, Melese EB, Worku YB, Wolde HF, Adugna DG. Hypertension and Its Associated Factors Among Cancer Patients at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:793-803. [PMID: 35444426 PMCID: PMC9015048 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s352114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Ayelign Kibret
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Hailu Aragie
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Gashaneh Belay
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Tafesse Teferi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Belayneh Melese
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Belete Worku
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Haileab Fekadu Wolde
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dagnew Getnet Adugna
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Dagnew Getnet Adugna, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, Tel +2510932223887, Email
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Uthman OA, Ayorinde A, Oyebode O, Sartori J, Gill P, Lilford RJ. Global prevalence and trends in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus among slum residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e052393. [PMID: 35210339 PMCID: PMC8883228 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE First, to obtain regional estimates of prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in urban slums; and second, to compare these with those in urban and rural areas. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies that reported hypertension prevalence using the definition of blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg and/or prevalence of type 2 diabetes. INFORMATION SOURCES Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL and EMBASE from inception to December 2020. RISK OF BIAS Two authors extracted relevant data and assessed risk of bias independently using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS We used random-effects meta-analyses to pool prevalence estimates. We examined time trends in the prevalence estimates using meta-regression regression models with the prevalence estimates as the outcome variable and the calendar year of the publication as the predictor. RESULTS A total of 62 studies involving 108 110 participants met the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in slum populations ranged from 4.2% to 52.5% and 0.9% to 25.0%, respectively. In six studies presenting comparator data, all from the Indian subcontinent, slum residents were 35% more likely to be hypertensive than those living in comparator rural areas and 30% less likely to be hypertensive than those from comparator non-slum urban areas. LIMITATIONS OF EVIDENCE Of the included studies, only few studies from India compared the slum prevalence estimates with those living in non-slum urban and rural areas; this limits the generalisability of the finding. INTERPRETATION The burden of hypertension and type 2 diabetes varied widely between countries and regions and, to some degree, also within countries. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42017077381.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abimbola Ayorinde
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Oyinlola Oyebode
- Warwick Centre for Global Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jo Sartori
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paramjit Gill
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - R J Lilford
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Tettey M, Edwin F, Doku A, Ndanu T, Entsua-Mensah K, Adzamli I. Changes in origin of acute chest pain in a sub-Saharan African setting. Trop Doct 2022; 52:280-284. [PMID: 35195019 DOI: 10.1177/00494755211022947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to demonstrate a shifting epidemiology of acute chest pain in Ghana. Efforts to increase physician awareness and best practices are urgently required. Patients presenting with acute chest pain to the two leading tertiary care centres in Accra were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tettey
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frank Edwin
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.,School of Medical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Alfred Doku
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Tom Ndanu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kow Entsua-Mensah
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Innocent Adzamli
- National Cardiothoracic Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
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Comparative Assessment of the Utility of Anthropometric and Bioelectrical Impedance Indices as Potential Predictors of Hypertension within a Ghanaian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:2242901. [PMID: 35127158 PMCID: PMC8813306 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2242901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is an important public health concern that is claiming millions of lives worldwide. In sub-Saharan African countries, where some of the highest prevalence rates are being recorded, sufficient attention has not been given to its control. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association and predictive potential of different anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures for hypertension. Methods A total of 812 individuals (204 men and 608 women) were enrolled, and their blood pressure measurement was determined. Direct anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference) and derived anthropometric measures (body mass index, conicity index, abdominal volume index (AVI), and body adiposity index) were determined. BIA indices investigated included visceral fat level (VF), percentage body fat (%BF), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and skeletal muscle mass. Results A prevalence of 31.28% was observed for hypertension in the total study population, with males having a slightly higher prevalence than females. Except for the skeletal muscle mass, all the other indices measured showed an increasing trend from normotension to prehypertension and hypertension. Age and visceral fat level showed the highest correlation with systolic blood pressure for both genders. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that age was the best predictor of hypertension in both genders, whereas, in predicting prehypertension, RMR was the best predictor in males, and WC was the best predictor in females. VF, WC, and AVI were other good predictors of hypertension in this study population. However, BMI and % BF had a low predictive value for hypertension. Conclusion The result of this study shows that within this study population in addition to age, measures of central obesity rather than general obesity are the likely drivers of the hypertension epidemic; thus, measures aimed at controlling central obesity may offer some therapeutic and preventive advantage.
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Menashe-Oren A, Masquelier B. The shifting rural-urban gap in mortality over the life course in low- and middle-income countries. Population Studies 2022; 76:37-61. [PMID: 35075983 DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2021.2020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that children in rural areas face excess risks of dying, but the little research on spatial inequalities in adult mortality has reached mixed conclusions. We examine rural-urban differences in mortality in 53 low- and middle-income countries. We consider how the rural-urban mortality gap evolves from birth to age 60 by estimating mortality based on birth and sibling histories from 138 Demographic and Health Surveys run between 1992 and 2018. We observe excess rural mortality until age 15, finding the largest differences between urban and rural sectors among 1-59-month-olds. While we cannot claim higher mortality among urban adults than those in rural areas, we find a reduced gap between the sectors over the life course and a diminishing urban advantage in adult mortality with age. This shift over the life course reflects a divergence in the epidemiologic transition between the rural and urban sectors.
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Mustapha A, Ssekasanvu J, Chen I, Grabowski MK, Ssekubugu R, Kigozi G, Reynolds SJ, Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Kagaayi J, Chang LW, Post WS. Hypertension and Socioeconomic Status in South Central Uganda: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Glob Heart 2022; 17:3. [PMID: 35174044 PMCID: PMC8757381 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited studies exploring the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on hypertension in Africa suggest a positive association between higher SES and hypertension. The economic development in sub-Saharan African countries has led to changes in SES and associated changes in lifestyle, diet, and physical activity, which may affect the relationship between hypertension and SES differently compared with higher income countries. This cross-sectional study from a large population-based cohort, the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS), examines SES, hypertension prevalence, and associated risk factors in the rural Rakai Region in south-central Uganda. Methods Adults aged 30-49 years residing in 41 RCCS fishing, trading, and agrarian communities, were surveyed with biometric data obtained between 2016 and 2018. The primary outcome was hypertension (systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg). Modified Poisson regression assessed the adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of hypertension associated with SES; body mass index (BMI) was explored as a potential mediator. Results Among 9,654 adults, 20.8% had hypertension (males 21.2%; females 20.4 %). Participants with hypertension were older (39.0 ± 6.0 vs. 37.8 ± 5.0; p < 0.001). Higher SES was associated with overweight or obese BMI categories (p < 0.001). In the multivariable model, hypertension was associated with the highest SES category (aPR 1.23; confidence interval 1.09-1.38; p = 0.001), older age, male sex, alcohol use, and living in fishing communities and inversely associated with smoking and positive HIV serostatus. When BMI was included in the model, there was no association between SES and hypertension (aPR 1.02; CI 0.90-1.15, p = 0.76). Conclusion Hypertension is common in rural Uganda among individuals with higher SES and appears to be mediated by BMI. Targeted interventions could focus on lifestyle modification among highest-risk groups to optimize public health impact. Key Messages What is already known about this subject? Hypertension is an important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease.There are few large epidemiological studies that investigate the relationship between hypertension and socioeconomic status in low-income countries. What are the new findings? Hypertension is common among adults in rural South-Central Uganda, particularly among those with higher socioeconomic status.BMI is a mediator of the relationship between hypertension and socioeconomic status. How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future? These findings suggest that public health interventions and community efforts to prevent chronic cardiovascular disease and hypertension should focus on lifestyle modification by elucidating obesity risk perception and health risk awareness, particularly among those of higher socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishat Mustapha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Joseph Ssekasanvu
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivy Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Mary Kathryn Grabowski
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert Ssekubugu
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Kigozi
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven J. Reynolds
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald H. Gray
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria J. Wawer
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Kagaayi
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Larry W. Chang
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Uganda
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bukenya D, Van Hout MC, Shayo EH, Kitabye I, Junior BM, Kasidi JR, Birungi J, Jaffar S, Seeley J. Integrated healthcare services for HIV, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in selected health facilities in Kampala and Wakiso districts, Uganda: A qualitative methods study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000084. [PMID: 36962287 PMCID: PMC10021152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Health policies in Africa are shifting towards integrated care services for chronic conditions, but in parts of Africa robust evidence on effectiveness is limited. We assessed the integration of vertical health services for HIV, diabetes and hypertension provided in a feasibility study within five health facilities in Uganda. From November 2018 to January 2020, we conducted a series of three in-depth interviews with 31, 29 and 24 service users attending the integrated clinics within Kampala and Wakiso districts. Ten healthcare workers were interviewed twice during the same period. Interviews were conducted in Luganda, translated into English, and analysed thematically using the concepts of availability, affordability and acceptability. All participants reported shortages of diabetes and hypertension drugs and diagnostic equipment prior to the establishment of the integrated clinics. These shortages were mostly addressed in the integrated clinics through a drugs buffer. Integration did not affect the already good provision of anti-retroviral therapy. The cost of transport reduced because of fewer clinic visits after integration. Healthcare workers reported that the main cause of non-adherence among users with diabetes and hypertension was poverty. Participants with diabetes and hypertension reported they could not afford private clinical investigations or purchase drugs prior to the establishment of the integrated clinics. The strengthening of drug supply for non-communicable conditions in the integrated clinics was welcomed. Most participants observed that the integrated clinic reduced feelings of stigma for those living with HIV. Sharing the clinic afforded privacy about an individual's condition, and users were comfortable with the waiting room sitting arrangement. We found that integrating non-communicable disease and HIV care had benefits for all users. Integrated care could be an effective model of care if service users have access to a reliable supply of basic medicines for both HIV and non-communicable disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Claire Van Hout
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Isaac Kitabye
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Shabbar Jaffar
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Seeley
- MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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