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Peixoto-Neves D, Jaggar JH. Physiological functions and pathological involvement of ion channel trafficking in the vasculature. J Physiol 2024; 602:3275-3296. [PMID: 37818949 PMCID: PMC11006830 DOI: 10.1113/jp285007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of ion channels regulate membrane potential and calcium influx in arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells to modify vascular functions, including contractility. The current (I) generated by a population of ion channels is equally dependent upon their number (N), open probability (Po) and single channel current (i), such that I = N.PO.i. A conventional view had been that ion channels traffic to the plasma membrane in a passive manner, resulting in a static surface population. It was also considered that channels assemble with auxiliary subunits prior to anterograde trafficking of the multimeric complex to the plasma membrane. Recent studies have demonstrated that physiological stimuli can regulate the surface abundance (N) of several different ion channels in arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells to control arterial contractility. Physiological stimuli can also regulate the number of auxiliary subunits present in the plasma membrane to modify the biophysical properties, regulatory mechanisms and physiological functions of some ion channels. Furthermore, ion channel trafficking becomes dysfunctional in the vasculature during hypertension, which negatively impacts the regulation of contractility. The temporal kinetics of ion channel and auxiliary subunit trafficking can also vary depending on the signalling mechanisms and proteins involved. This review will summarize recent work that has uncovered the mechanisms, functions and pathological modifications of ion channel trafficking in arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan H. Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN 38139
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2
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Loh KWZ, Hu Z, Soong TW. Modulation of Ca V1.2 Channel Function by Interacting Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications: Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases and COVID-19. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36764970 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CaV1.2 calcium channel is the primary conduit for Ca2+ influx into cardiac and smooth muscles that underscores its importance in the pathogenesis of hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. But, a few controversies still remain. Therefore, exploring new ways to modulate CaV1.2 channel activity will augment the arsenal of CaV1.2 channel-based therapeutics for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we will mainly introduce a couple of emerging CaV1.2 channel interacting proteins, such as Galectin-1 and Cereblon, and discuss their roles in hypertension and heart failure through fine-tuning CaV1.2 channel activity. Of current interest, we will also evaluate the implication of the role of CaV1.2 channel in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the potential treatments of COVID-19-related cardiovascular symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Wei Zhern Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Diseases Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular Diseases Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular Diseases Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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3
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Loh KWZ, Liu C, Soong TW, Hu Z. β subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1119729. [PMID: 36818347 PMCID: PMC9931737 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1119729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is required in bodily functions essential for survival, such as muscle contractions and neuronal communications. Of note, the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) expressed on muscle and neuronal cells, as well as some endocrine cells, are transmembrane protein complexes that allow for the selective entry of calcium ions into the cells. The α1 subunit constitutes the main pore-forming subunit that opens in response to membrane depolarization, and its biophysical functions are regulated by various auxiliary subunits-β, α2δ, and γ subunits. Within the cardiovascular system, the γ-subunit is not expressed and is therefore not discussed in this review. Because the α1 subunit is the pore-forming subunit, it is a prominent druggable target and the focus of many studies investigating potential therapeutic interventions for cardiovascular diseases. While this may be true, it should be noted that the direct inhibition of the α1 subunit may result in limited long-term cardiovascular benefits coupled with undesirable side effects, and that its expression and biophysical properties may depend largely on its auxiliary subunits. Indeed, the α2δ subunit has been reported to be essential for the membrane trafficking and expression of the α1 subunit. Furthermore, the β subunit not only prevents proteasomal degradation of the α1 subunit, but also directly modulates the biophysical properties of the α1 subunit, such as its voltage-dependent activities and open probabilities. More importantly, various isoforms of the β subunit have been found to differentially modulate the α1 subunit, and post-translational modifications of the β subunits further add to this complexity. These data suggest the possibility of the β subunit as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. However, emerging studies have reported the presence of cardiomyocyte membrane α1 subunit trafficking and expression in a β subunit-independent manner, which would undermine the efficacy of β subunit-targeting drugs. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the auxiliary β subunit would provide a more holistic approach when targeting the calcium channel complexes in treating cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review focuses on the post-translational modifications of the β subunit, as well as its role as an auxiliary subunit in modulating the calcium channel complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Wei Zhern Loh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Tuck Wah Soong,
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Zhenyu Hu,
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Martín-Aragón Baudel M, Hong J, Hell JW, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Mechanisms of Vascular Ca V1.2 Channel Regulation During Diabetic Hyperglycemia. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:41-58. [PMID: 36598607 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. A major underlying factor in diabetes is the excessive glucose levels in the bloodstream (e.g., hyperglycemia). Vascular complications directly result from this metabolic abnormality, leading to disabling and life-threatening conditions. Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells is a well-recognized factor mediating vascular complications during diabetic hyperglycemia. The function of vascular smooth muscle cells is exquisitely controlled by different ion channels. Among the ion channels, the L-type CaV1.2 channel plays a key role as it is the main Ca2+ entry pathway regulating vascular smooth muscle contractile state. The activity of CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle is altered by diabetic hyperglycemia, which may contribute to vascular complications. In this chapter, we summarize the current understanding of the regulation of CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle by different signaling pathways. We place special attention on the regulation of CaV1.2 channel activity in vascular smooth muscle by a newly uncovered AKAP5/P2Y11/AC5/PKA/CaV1.2 axis that is engaged during diabetic hyperglycemia. We further describe the pathophysiological implications of activation of this axis as it relates to myogenic tone and vascular reactivity and propose that this complex may be targeted for developing therapies to treat diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junyoung Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
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Vascular Ca V1.2 channels in diabetes. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:65-93. [PMID: 36368875 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic vasculopathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population. Hyperglycemia, one of the central metabolic abnormalities in diabetes, has been associated with vascular dysfunction due to endothelial cell damage. However, studies also point toward vascular smooth muscle as a locus for hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction. Emerging evidence implicates hyperglycemia-induced regulation of vascular L-type Ca2+ channels CaV1.2 as a potential mechanism for vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of vascular CaV1.2 channels and their regulation during physiological and hyperglycemia/diabetes conditions. We will emphasize the role of CaV1.2 in vascular smooth muscle, the effects of elevated glucose on CaV1.2 function, and the mechanisms underlying its dysregulation in hyperglycemia and diabetes. We conclude by examining future directions and gaps in knowledge regarding CaV1.2 regulation in health and during diabetes.
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7
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Pereira da Silva EA, Martín-Aragón Baudel M, Navedo MF, Nieves-Cintrón M. Ion channel molecular complexes in vascular smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:999369. [PMID: 36091375 PMCID: PMC9459047 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels that influence membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration control vascular smooth muscle excitability. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage (KV), and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels are key regulators of vascular smooth muscle excitability and contractility. These channels are regulated by various signaling cues, including protein kinases and phosphatases. The effects of these ubiquitous signaling molecules often depend on the formation of macromolecular complexes that provide a platform for targeting and compartmentalizing signaling events to specific substrates. This manuscript summarizes our current understanding of specific molecular complexes involving VGCC, TRP, and KV and BK channels and their contribution to regulating vascular physiology.
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Chen YL, Daneva Z, Kuppusamy M, Ottolini M, Baker TM, Klimentova E, Shah SA, Sokolowski JD, Park MS, Sonkusare SK. Novel Smooth Muscle Ca 2+-Signaling Nanodomains in Blood Pressure Regulation. Circulation 2022; 146:548-564. [PMID: 35758040 PMCID: PMC9378684 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ca2+ signals in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to vascular resistance and control blood pressure. Increased vascular resistance in hypertension has been attributed to impaired SMC Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. In this regard, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4SMC) ion channels are a crucial Ca2+ entry pathway in SMCs. However, their role in blood pressure regulation has not been identified. METHODS We used SMC-specific TRPV4-/- (TRPV4SMC-/-) mice to assess the role of TRPV4SMC channels in blood pressure regulation. We determined the contribution of TRPV4SMC channels to the constrictor effect of α1 adrenergic receptor (α1AR) stimulation and elevated intraluminal pressure: 2 main physiologic stimuli that constrict resistance-sized arteries. The contribution of spatially separated TRPV4SMC channel subpopulations to elevated blood pressure in hypertension was evaluated in angiotensin II-infused mice and patients with hypertension. RESULTS We provide first evidence that TRPV4SMC channel activity elevates resting blood pressure in normal mice. α1AR stimulation activated TRPV4SMC channels through PKCα (protein kinase Cα) signaling, which contributed significantly to vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Intraluminal pressure-induced TRPV4SMC channel activity opposed vasoconstriction through activation of Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channels, indicating functionally opposite pools of TRPV4SMC channels. Superresolution imaging of SMCs revealed spatially separated α1AR:TRPV4 and TRPV4:BK nanodomains in SMCs. These data suggest that spatially separated α1AR-TRPV4SMC and intraluminal pressure-TRPV4SMC-BK channel signaling have opposite effects on blood pressure, with α1AR-TRPV4SMC signaling dominating under resting conditions. Furthermore, in patients with hypertension and a mouse model of hypertension, constrictor α1AR-PKCα-TRPV4 signaling was upregulated, whereas dilator pressure-TRPV4-BK channel signaling was disrupted, thereby increasing vasoconstriction and elevating blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify novel smooth muscle Ca2+-signaling nanodomains that regulate blood pressure and demonstrate their impairment in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zdravka Daneva
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Maniselvan Kuppusamy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Matteo Ottolini
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas M. Baker
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Eliska Klimentova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Soham A. Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jennifer D. Sokolowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Min S. Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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9
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King DR, Sedovy MW, Eaton X, Dunaway LS, Good ME, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Cell-To-Cell Communication in the Resistance Vasculature. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3833-3867. [PMID: 35959755 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arterial vasculature can be divided into large conduit arteries, intermediate contractile arteries, resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Resistance arteries and arterioles primarily function to control systemic blood pressure. The resistance arteries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow, which are separated by a matrix layer termed the internal elastic lamina from several layers of smooth muscle cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. Cells within the vessel walls communicate in a homocellular and heterocellular fashion to govern luminal diameter, arterial resistance, and blood pressure. At rest, potassium currents govern the basal state of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple stimuli can elicit rises in intracellular calcium levels in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, sourced from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the extracellular space. In general, activation of endothelial cells results in the production of a vasodilatory signal, usually in the form of nitric oxide or endothelial-derived hyperpolarization. Conversely, activation of smooth muscle cells results in a vasoconstriction response through smooth muscle cell contraction. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-35, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan W Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xinyan Eaton
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Kondo R, Furukawa N, Deguchi A, Kawata N, Suzuki Y, Imaizumi Y, Yamamura H. Downregulation of Ca 2+-Activated Cl - Channel TMEM16A Mediated by Angiotensin II in Cirrhotic Portal Hypertensive Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:831311. [PMID: 35370660 PMCID: PMC8966666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.831311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension is defined as an increased pressure in the portal venous system and occurs as a major complication in chronic liver diseases. The pathological mechanism underlying the pathogenesis and development of portal hypertension has been extensively investigated. Vascular tone of portal vein smooth muscles (PVSMs) is regulated by the activities of several ion channels, including Ca2+-activated Cl- (ClCa) channels. TMEM16A is mainly responsible for ClCa channel conductance in vascular smooth muscle cells, including portal vein smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs). In the present study, the functional roles of TMEM16A channels were examined using two experimental portal hypertensive models, bile duct ligation (BDL) mice with cirrhotic portal hypertension and partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) mice with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Expression analyses revealed that the expression of TMEM16A was downregulated in BDL-PVSMs, but not in PPVL-PVSMs. Whole-cell ClCa currents were smaller in BDL-PVSMCs than in sham- and PPVL-PVSMCs. The amplitude of spontaneous contractions was smaller and the frequency was higher in BDL-PVSMs than in sham- and PPVL-PVSMs. Spontaneous contractions sensitive to a specific inhibitor of TMEM16A channels, T16Ainh-A01, were reduced in BDL-PVSMs. Furthermore, in normal PVSMs, the downregulation of TMEM16A expression was mimicked by the exposure to angiotensin II, but not to bilirubin. This study suggests that the activity of ClCa channels is attenuated by the downregulation of TMEM16A expression in PVSMCs associated with cirrhotic portal hypertension, which is partly mediated by increased angiotensin II in cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nami Furukawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akari Deguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Dixon RE, Navedo MF, Binder MD, Santana LF. Mechanisms and Physiological Implications of Cooperative Gating of Ion Channels Clusters. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:1159-1210. [PMID: 34927454 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin-Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion channels have always been thought of as independent agents. A myriad of recent experimental findings exploiting advances in electrophysiology, structural biology, and imaging techniques, however, have posed a serious challenge to this long-held axiom as several classes of ion channels appear to open and close in a coordinated, cooperative manner. Ion channel cooperativity ranges from variable-sized oligomeric cooperative gating in voltage-gated, dihydropyridine-sensitive Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels to obligatory dimeric assembly and gating of voltage-gated Nav1.5 channels. Potassium channels, transient receptor potential channels, hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide-activated channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) have also been shown to gate cooperatively. The implications of cooperative gating of these ion channels range from fine tuning excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells to regulating cardiac function and vascular tone, to modulation of action potential and conduction velocity in neurons and cardiac cells, and to control of pace-making activity in the heart. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms leading to cooperative gating of ion channels, their physiological consequences and how alterations in cooperative gating of ion channels may induce a range of clinically significant pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ellen Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Marc D Binder
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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12
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Becker A, Wardas B, Salah H, Amini M, Fecher-Trost C, Sen Q, Martus D, Beck A, Philipp SE, Flockerzi V, Belkacemi A. Cavβ3 Regulates Ca 2+ Signaling and Insulin Expression in Pancreatic β-Cells in a Cell-Autonomous Manner. Diabetes 2021; 70:2532-2544. [PMID: 34426509 PMCID: PMC8564405 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels consist of a pore-forming Cavα1 subunit and auxiliary Cavα2-δ and Cavβ subunits. In fibroblasts, Cavβ3, independent of its role as a Cav subunit, reduces the sensitivity to low concentrations of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Similarly, Cavβ3 could affect cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2 +]) in pancreatic β-cells. In this study, we deleted the Cavβ3-encoding gene Cacnb3 in insulin-secreting rat β-(Ins-1) cells using CRISPR/Cas9. These cells were used as controls to investigate the role of Cavβ3 on Ca2+ signaling, glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS), Cav channel activity, and gene expression in wild-type cells in which Cavβ3 and the IP3 receptor were coimmunoprecipitated. Transcript and protein profiling revealed significantly increased levels of insulin transcription factor Mafa, CaMKIV, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-1, and nitric oxide synthase-1 in Cavβ3-knockout cells. In the absence of Cavβ3, Cav currents were not altered. In contrast, CREB activity, the amount of MAFA protein and GIIS, the extent of IP3-dependent Ca2+ release and the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations were increased. These processes were decreased by the Cavβ3 protein in a concentration-dependent manner. Our study shows that Cavβ3 interacts with the IP3 receptor in isolated β-cells, controls IP3-dependent Ca2+-signaling independently of Cav channel functions, and thereby regulates insulin expression and its glucose-dependent release in a cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Becker
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Wardas
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Houssein Salah
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Amini
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Fecher-Trost
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Qiao Sen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Damian Martus
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beck
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan E Philipp
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouar Belkacemi
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Präklinisches Zentrum für Molekulare Signalverarbeitung der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
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13
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Conrad R, Kortzak D, Guzman GA, Miranda-Laferte E, Hidalgo P. Ca V β controls the endocytic turnover of Ca V 1.2 L-type calcium channel. Traffic 2021; 22:180-193. [PMID: 33890356 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Membrane depolarization activates the multisubunit CaV 1.2 L-type calcium channel initiating various excitation coupling responses. Intracellular trafficking into and out of the plasma membrane regulates the channel's surface expression and stability, and thus, the strength of CaV 1.2-mediated Ca2+ signals. The mechanisms regulating the residency time of the channel at the cell membrane are unclear. Here, we coexpressed the channel core complex CaV 1.2α1 pore-forming and auxiliary CaV β subunits and analyzed their trafficking dynamics from single-particle-tracking trajectories. Speed histograms obtained for each subunit were best fitted to a sum of diffusive and directed motion terms. The same mean speed for the highest-mobility state underlying directed motion was found for all subunits. The frequency of this component increased by covalent linkage of CaV β to CaV 1.2α1 suggesting that high-speed transport occurs in association with CaV β. Selective tracking of CaV 1.2α1 along the postendocytic pathway failed to show the highly mobile state, implying CaV β-independent retrograde transport. Retrograde speeds of CaV 1.2α1 are compatible with myosin VI-mediated backward transport. Moreover, residency time at the cell surface was significantly prolonged when CaV 1.2α1 was covalently linked to CaV β. Thus, CaV β promotes fast transport speed along anterograde trafficking and acts as a molecular switch controlling the endocytic turnover of L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Conrad
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel Kortzak
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gustavo A Guzman
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Erick Miranda-Laferte
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Patricia Hidalgo
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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14
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Ottolini M, Sonkusare SK. The Calcium Signaling Mechanisms in Arterial Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1831-1869. [PMID: 33792900 PMCID: PMC10388069 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The contractile state of resistance arteries and arterioles is a crucial determinant of blood pressure and blood flow. Physiological regulation of arterial contractility requires constant communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Various Ca2+ signals and Ca2+ -sensitive targets ensure dynamic control of intercellular communications in the vascular wall. The functional effect of a Ca2+ signal on arterial contractility depends on the type of Ca2+ -sensitive target engaged by that signal. Recent studies using advanced imaging methods have identified the spatiotemporal signatures of individual Ca2+ signals that control arterial and arteriolar contractility. Broadly speaking, intracellular Ca2+ is increased by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticular membrane. Physiological roles for many vascular Ca2+ signals have already been confirmed, while further investigation is needed for other Ca2+ signals. This article focuses on endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in resistance arteries and arterioles. We discuss the Ca2+ entry pathways at the plasma membrane, Ca2+ release signals from the intracellular stores, the functional and physiological relevance of Ca2+ signals, and their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we describe the contribution of abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signals to the pathogenesis of vascular disorders. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1831-1869, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ottolini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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15
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Nieves-Cintrón M, Flores-Tamez VA, Le T, Baudel MMA, Navedo MF. Cellular and molecular effects of hyperglycemia on ion channels in vascular smooth muscle. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:31-61. [PMID: 32594191 PMCID: PMC7765743 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide. This devastating disease dramatically increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disorders. A hallmark metabolic abnormality in diabetes is hyperglycemia, which contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications. These cardiovascular complications are, at least in part, related to hyperglycemia-induced molecular and cellular changes in the cells making up blood vessels. Whereas the mechanisms mediating endothelial dysfunction during hyperglycemia have been extensively examined, much less is known about how hyperglycemia impacts vascular smooth muscle function. Vascular smooth muscle function is exquisitely regulated by many ion channels, including several members of the potassium (K+) channel superfamily and voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels. Modulation of vascular smooth muscle ion channels function by hyperglycemia is emerging as a key contributor to vascular dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how diabetic hyperglycemia modulates the activity of these ion channels in vascular smooth muscle. We examine underlying mechanisms, general properties, and physiological relevance in the context of myogenic tone and vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Nieves-Cintrón
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Víctor A Flores-Tamez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Thanhmai Le
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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16
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Weon H, Jun J, Kim TW, Park K, Kim HK, Youn DH. Voltage-dependent calcium channel β subunit-derived peptides reduce excitatory neurotransmission and arterial blood pressure. Life Sci 2020; 264:118690. [PMID: 33130076 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) play an important role in various physiological functions in the nervous system and the cardiovascular system. In L-, N-, P/Q-, and R-type VDCCs, β subunit assists the channels for membrane targeting and modulates channel properties. In this study, we investigated whether an inhibition of the β subunit binding to α subunit, the pore-forming main subunit of VDCCs, have any effect on channel activation and physiological functions. MAIN METHODS Peptides derived from the specific regions of β subunit that bind to the α-interaction domain in I-II linker of α subunit were manufactured, presuming that the peptides interrupt α-β subunit interaction in the channel complex. Then, they were tested on voltage-activated Ca2+ currents recorded in acutely isolated trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the spinal dorsal horn neurons, and arterial blood pressure (BP) recorded from the rat femoral artery. KEY FINDINGS When applied internally through patch pipettes, the peptides decreased the peak amplitudes of the voltage-activated Ca2+ currents. After fusing with HIV transactivator of transcription (TAT) sequence to penetrate cell membrane, the peptides significantly decreased the peak amplitudes of Ca2+ currents and the peak amplitudes of EPSCs upon the external application through bath solution. Furthermore, the TAT-fused peptides dose dependently reduced the rat BP when administered intravenously. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that an interruption of α-β subunit association in VDCC complex inhibits channel activation, thereby reducing VDCC-mediated physiological functions such as excitatory neurotransmission and arterial BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Weon
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jun
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; Departments of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Departments of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kibeom Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, 1035, Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyu Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Youn
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 2177, Dalgubeol-daero, Jung-gu, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Regulation of cardiovascular calcium channel activity by post-translational modifications or interacting proteins. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:653-667. [PMID: 32435990 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are the major pathway for Ca2+ influx to initiate the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles. Alterations of calcium channel function have been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and long QT syndrome. Post-translational modifications do expand cardiovascular calcium channel structure and function to affect processes such as channel trafficking or polyubiquitination by two E3 ubiquitin ligases, Ret finger protein 2 (Rfp2) or murine double minute 2 protein (Mdm2). Additionally, biophysical property such as Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) could be altered through binding of calmodulin, or channel activity could be modulated via S-nitrosylation by nitric oxide and phosphorylation by protein kinases or by interacting protein partners, such as galectin-1 and Rem. Understanding how cardiovascular calcium channel function is post-translationally remodeled under distinctive disease conditions will provide better information about calcium channel-related disease mechanisms and improve the development of more selective therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
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18
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Blocking Ca 2+ Channel β 3 Subunit Reverses Diabetes. Cell Rep 2020; 24:922-934. [PMID: 30044988 PMCID: PMC6083041 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Cav) are essential for pancreatic beta cell function as they mediate Ca2+ influx, which leads to insulin exocytosis. The β3 subunit of Cav (Cavβ3) has been suggested to regulate cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) oscillation frequency and insulin secretion under physiological conditions, but its role in diabetes is unclear. Here, we report that islets from diabetic mice show Cavβ3 overexpression, altered [Ca2+]i dynamics, and impaired insulin secretion upon glucose stimulation. Consequently, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes, Cavβ3-deficient (Cavβ3−/−) mice showed improved islet function and enhanced glucose tolerance. Normalization of Cavβ3 expression in ob/ob islets by an antisense oligonucleotide rescued the altered [Ca2+]i dynamics and impaired insulin secretion. Importantly, transplantation of Cavβ3−/− islets into the anterior chamber of the eye improved glucose tolerance in HFD-fed mice. Cavβ3 overexpression in human islets also impaired insulin secretion. We thus suggest that Cavβ3 may serve as a druggable target for diabetes treatment. Pancreatic islets from diabetic mice have increased level of Cavβ3 Overexpression of Cavβ3 in islets alters Ca2+ dynamics and impairs insulin secretion Deficiency of Cavβ3 prevents islet dysfunction and glucose intolerance in diabetes Blocking Cavβ3 improves islet function and glucose tolerance after onset of diabetes
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19
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Hu Z, Li G, Wang JW, Chong SY, Yu D, Wang X, Soon JL, Liang MC, Wong YP, Huang N, Colecraft HM, Liao P, Soong TW. Regulation of Blood Pressure by Targeting Ca V1.2-Galectin-1 Protein Interaction. Circulation 2019; 138:1431-1445. [PMID: 29650545 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-type CaV1.2 channels play crucial roles in the regulation of blood pressure. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) has been reported to bind to the I-II loop of CaV1.2 channels to reduce their current density. However, the mechanistic understanding for the downregulation of CaV1.2 channels by Gal-1 and whether Gal-1 plays a direct role in blood pressure regulation remain unclear. METHODS In vitro experiments involving coimmunoprecipitation, Western blot, patch-clamp recordings, immunohistochemistry, and pressure myography were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms by which Gal-1 downregulates CaV1.2 channel in transfected, human embryonic kidney 293 cells, smooth muscle cells, arteries from Lgasl1-/- mice, rat, and human patients. In vivo experiments involving the delivery of Tat-e9c peptide and AAV5-Gal-1 into rats were performed to investigate the effect of targeting CaV1.2-Gal-1 interaction on blood pressure monitored by tail-cuff or telemetry methods. RESULTS Our study reveals that Gal-1 is a key regulator for proteasomal degradation of CaV1.2 channels. Gal-1 competed allosterically with the CaVβ subunit for binding to the I-II loop of the CaV1.2 channel. This competitive disruption of CaVβ binding led to CaV1.2 degradation by exposing the channels to polyubiquitination. It is notable that we demonstrated that the inverse relationship of reduced Gal-1 and increased CaV1.2 protein levels in arteries was associated with hypertension in hypertensive rats and patients, and Gal-1 deficiency induces higher blood pressure in mice because of the upregulated CaV1.2 protein level in arteries. To directly regulate blood pressure by targeting the CaV1.2-Gal-1 interaction, we administered Tat-e9c, a peptide that competed for binding of Gal-1 by a miniosmotic pump, and this specific disruption of CaV1.2-Gal-1 coupling increased smooth muscle CaV1.2 currents, induced larger arterial contraction, and caused hypertension in rats. In contrasting experiments, overexpression of Gal-1 in smooth muscle by a single bolus of AAV5-Gal-1 significantly reduced blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS We have defined molecularly that Gal-1 promotes CaV1.2 degradation by replacing CaVβ and thereby exposing specific lysines for polyubiquitination and by masking I-II loop endoplasmic reticulum export signals. This mechanistic understanding provided the basis for targeting CaV1.2-Gal-1 interaction to demonstrate clearly the modulatory role that Gal-1 plays in regulating blood pressure, and offering a potential approach for therapeutic management of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Guang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China (G.L.)
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.), National University of Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Center, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.)
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.), National University of Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Center, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.)
| | - Dejie Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.), National University of Singapore.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Center, National University Health Systems, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore (J.-W.W., S.Y.C., X.W.)
| | | | - Mui Cheng Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Yuk Peng Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore
| | - Na Huang
- National Heart Centre Singapore (J.L.S., N.H.)
| | - Henry M Colecraft
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (H.M.C.)
| | | | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (Z.Y.H., J.-W.W., D.Y., M.C.L., Y.P.W., T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,Neurobiology/Ageing Programme (T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (T.W.S.), National University of Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore (T.W.S.)
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20
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Ottolini M, Hong K, Sonkusare SK. Calcium signals that determine vascular resistance. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1448. [PMID: 30884210 PMCID: PMC6688910 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small arteries in the body control vascular resistance, and therefore, blood pressure and blood flow. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the arterial walls respond to various stimuli by altering the vascular resistance on a moment to moment basis. Smooth muscle cells can directly influence arterial diameter by contracting or relaxing, whereas endothelial cells that line the inner walls of the arteries modulate the contractile state of surrounding smooth muscle cells. Cytosolic calcium is a key driver of endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions. Cytosolic calcium can be increased either by calcium release from intracellular stores through IP3 or ryanodine receptors, or the influx of extracellular calcium through ion channels at the cell membrane. Depending on the cell type, spatial localization, source of a calcium signal, and the calcium-sensitive target activated, a particular calcium signal can dilate or constrict the arteries. Calcium signals in the vasculature can be classified into several types based on their source, kinetics, and spatial and temporal properties. The calcium signaling mechanisms in smooth muscle and endothelial cells have been extensively studied in the native or freshly isolated cells, therefore, this review is limited to the discussions of studies in native or freshly isolated cells. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ottolini
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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21
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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22
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Ghosh D, Nieves-Cintrón M, Tajada S, Brust-Mascher I, Horne MC, Hell JW, Dixon RE, Santana LF, Navedo MF. Dynamic L-type Ca V1.2 channel trafficking facilitates Ca V1.2 clustering and cooperative gating. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1341-1355. [PMID: 29959960 PMCID: PMC6407617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-type CaV1.2 channels are key regulators of gene expression, cell excitability and muscle contraction. CaV1.2 channels organize in clusters throughout the plasma membrane. This channel organization has been suggested to contribute to the concerted activation of adjacent CaV1.2 channels (e.g. cooperative gating). Here, we tested the hypothesis that dynamic intracellular and perimembrane trafficking of CaV1.2 channels is critical for formation and dissolution of functional channel clusters mediating cooperative gating. We found that CaV1.2 moves in vesicular structures of circular and tubular shape with diverse intracellular and submembrane trafficking patterns. Both microtubules and actin filaments are required for dynamic movement of CaV1.2 vesicles. These vesicles undergo constitutive homotypic fusion and fission events that sustain CaV1.2 clustering, channel activity and cooperative gating. Our study suggests that CaV1.2 clusters and activity can be modulated by diverse and unique intracellular and perimembrane vesicular dynamics to fine-tune Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Madeline Nieves-Cintrón
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sendoa Tajada
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ingrid Brust-Mascher
- Advanced Imaging Facility, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Mary C Horne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Luis F Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Hill BJF, Dalton RJ, Joseph BK, Thakali KM, Rusch NJ. 17β-estradiol reduces Ca v 1.2 channel abundance and attenuates Ca 2+ -dependent contractions in coronary arteries. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 5. [PMID: 28971605 PMCID: PMC5625162 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One mechanism by which the female sex may protect against elevated coronary vascular tone is inhibition of Ca2+ entry into arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). In vitro findings confirm that high estrogen concentrations directly inhibit voltage‐dependent Cav1.2 channels in coronary ASMCs. For this study, we hypothesized that the nonacute, in vitro exposure of coronary arteries to a low concentration of 17β‐estradiol (17βE) reduces the expression of Cav1.2 channel proteins in coronary ASMCs. Segments of the right coronary artery obtained from sexually mature female pigs were mounted for isometric tension recording. As expected, our results indicate that high concentrations (≥10 μmol/L) of 17βE acutely attenuated Ca2+‐dependent contractions to depolarizing KCl stimuli. Interestingly, culturing coronary arteries for 24 h in a 10,000‐fold lower concentration (1 nmol/L) of 17βE also attenuated KCl‐induced contractions and reduced the contractile response to the Cav1.2 agonist, FPL64176, by 50%. Western blots revealed that 1 nmol/L 17βE decreased protein expression of the pore‐forming α1C subunit (Cavα) of the Cav1.2 channel by 35%; this response did not depend on an intact endothelium. The 17βE‐induced loss of Cavα protein in coronary arteries was prevented by the estrogen ERα/ERβ antagonist, ICI 182,780, whereas the GPER antagonist, G15, did not prevent it. There was no effect of 1 nmol/L 17βE on Cavα transcript expression. We conclude that 17βE reduces Cav1.2 channel abundance in isolated coronary arteries by a posttranscriptional process. This unrecognized effect of estrogen may confer physiological protection against the development of abnormal Ca2+‐dependent coronary vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent J F Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas Conway, Conway, Arkansas
| | - Robin J Dalton
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas Conway, Conway, Arkansas
| | - Biny K Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center & Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nancy J Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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Alternative Splicing of L-type Ca V1.2 Calcium Channels: Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120344. [PMID: 29186814 PMCID: PMC5748662 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type CaV1.2 calcium channels are the major pathway for Ca2+ influx to initiate the contraction of smooth and cardiac muscles. Alteration of CaV1.2 channel function has been implicated in multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Alternative splicing is a post-transcriptional mechanism that expands CaV1.2 channel structures to modify function, pharmacological and biophysical property such as calcium/voltage-dependent inactivation (C/VDI), or to influence its post-translational modulation by interacting proteins such as Galectin-1. Alternative splicing has generated functionally diverse CaV1.2 isoforms that can be developmentally regulated in the heart, or under pathophysiological conditions such as in heart failure. More importantly, alternative splicing of certain exons of CaV1.2 has been reported to be regulated by splicing factors such as RNA-binding Fox-1 homolog 1/2 (Rbfox 1/2), polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP1) and RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20). Understanding how CaV1.2 channel function is remodelled in disease will provide better information to guide the development of more targeted approaches to discover therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
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Unravelling the complexities of vascular smooth muscle ion channels: Fine tuning of activity by ancillary subunits. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 178:57-66. [PMID: 28336473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Which ion channel is the most important for regulating vascular tone? Which one is responsible for controlling the resting membrane potential or repolarization? Which channels are recruited by different intracellular signalling pathways or change in certain vascular diseases? Many different ion channels have been identified in the vasculature over the years and claimed as future therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, several of these ion channels are not just found in the vasculature, with many of them also found to have prominent functional roles in different organs of the body, which then leads to off-target effects. As cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase worldwide to epidemic proportions, ion channel research and the hunt for the next major therapeutic target to treat different vascular diseases has never been more important. However, I believe that the question we should now be asking is: which ancillary subunits are involved in regulating specific ion channels in the vasculature and do they have the potential to be new therapeutic targets?
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Tykocki NR, Boerman EM, Jackson WF. Smooth Muscle Ion Channels and Regulation of Vascular Tone in Resistance Arteries and Arterioles. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:485-581. [PMID: 28333380 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vascular tone of resistance arteries and arterioles determines peripheral vascular resistance, contributing to the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow to, and within the body's tissues and organs. Ion channels in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in these blood vessels importantly contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the primary determinant of SMC contractile activity and vascular tone. Ion channels provide the main source of activator Ca2+ that determines vascular tone, and strongly contribute to setting and regulating membrane potential, which, in turn, regulates the open-state-probability of voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), the primary source of Ca2+ in resistance artery and arteriolar SMCs. Ion channel function is also modulated by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, contributing to all aspects of the regulation of vascular tone. This review will focus on the physiology of VGCCs, voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, strong-inward-rectifier K+ (KIR) channels, ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and a variety of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that contribute to pressure-induced myogenic tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, the modulation of the function of these ion channels by vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, their role in the functional regulation of tissue blood flow and their dysfunction in diseases such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:485-581, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Tykocki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Thuesen AD, Lyngsø KS, Rasmussen L, Stubbe J, Skøtt O, Poulsen FR, Pedersen CB, Rasmussen LM, Hansen PBL. P/Q-type and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels are involved in the contraction of mammary and brain blood vessels from hypertensive patients. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:640-651. [PMID: 27273014 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Calcium channel blockers are widely used in cardiovascular diseases. Besides L-type channels, T- and P/Q-type calcium channels are involved in the contraction of human renal blood vessels. It was hypothesized that T- and P/Q-type channels are involved in the contraction of human brain and mammary blood vessels. METHODS Internal mammary arteries from bypass surgery patients and cerebral arterioles from patients with brain tumours with and without hypertension were tested in a myograph and perfusion set-up. PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed on isolated blood vessels. RESULTS The P/Q-type antagonist ω-agatoxin IVA (10-8 mol L-1 ) and the T-type calcium blocker mibefradil (10-7 mol L-1 ) inhibited KCl depolarization-induced contraction in mammary arteries from hypertensive patients with no effect on blood vessels from normotensive patients. ω-Agatoxin IVA decreased contraction in cerebral arterioles from hypertensive patients. L-type blocker nifedipine abolished the contraction in mammary arteries. PCR analysis showed expression of P/Q-type (Cav 2.1), T-type (Cav 3.1 and Cav 3.2) and L-type (Cav 1.2) calcium channels in mammary and cerebral arteries. Immunohistochemical labelling of mammary and cerebral arteries revealed the presence of Cav 2.1 in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Cav 3.1 was also detected in mammary arteries. CONCLUSION P/Q- and T-type Cav are present in human internal mammary arteries and in cerebral penetrating arterioles. P/Q- and T-type calcium channels are involved in the contraction of mammary arteries from hypertensive patients but not from normotensive patients. Furthermore, in cerebral arterioles P/Q-type channels importance was restricted to hypertensive patients might lead to that T- and P/Q-type channels could be a new target in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Thuesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - K. S. Lyngsø
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - L. Rasmussen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - J. Stubbe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - O. Skøtt
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - F. R. Poulsen
- Department of Neurosurgery; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
- Clinical Institute; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - C. B. Pedersen
- Department of Neurosurgery; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - L. M. Rasmussen
- Clinical Institute; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - P. B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Medicine; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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Ghosh D, Syed AU, Prada MP, Nystoriak MA, Santana LF, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Calcium Channels in Vascular Smooth Muscle. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:49-87. [PMID: 28212803 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in excitation, contraction, transcription, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMs). Precise regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is crucial for proper physiological VSM function. Studies over the last several decades have revealed that VSMs express a variety of Ca2+-permeable channels that orchestrate a dynamic, yet finely tuned regulation of [Ca2+]i. In this review, we discuss the major Ca2+-permeable channels expressed in VSM and their contribution to vascular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ghosh
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - A U Syed
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - M P Prada
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - M A Nystoriak
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - L F Santana
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - M F Navedo
- University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
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Sonkusare SK, Dalsgaard T, Bonev AD, Nelson MT. Inward rectifier potassium (Kir2.1) channels as end-stage boosters of endothelium-dependent vasodilators. J Physiol 2016; 594:3271-85. [PMID: 26840527 DOI: 10.1113/jp271652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Increase in endothelial cell (EC) calcium activates calcium-sensitive intermediate and small conductance potassium (IK and SK) channels, thereby causing hyperpolarization and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Endothelial cells express inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels, but their role in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is not clear. In the mesenteric arteries, only ECs, but not smooth muscle cells, displayed Kir currents that were predominantly mediated by the Kir2.1 isoform. Endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in response to muscarinic receptor, TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) channel and IK/SK channel agonists were highly attenuated by Kir channel inhibitors and by Kir2.1 channel knockdown. These results point to EC Kir channels as amplifiers of vasodilatation in response to increases in EC calcium and IK/SK channel activation and suggest that EC Kir channels could be targeted to treat endothelial dysfunction, which is a hallmark of vascular disorders. ABSTRACT Endothelium-dependent vasodilators, such as acetylcholine, increase intracellular Ca(2+) through activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels in the plasma membrane and inositol trisphosphate receptors in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to stimulation of Ca(2+) -sensitive intermediate and small conductance K(+) (IK and SK, respectively) channels. Although strong inward rectifier K(+) (Kir) channels have been reported in the native endothelial cells (ECs) their role in EC-dependent vasodilatation is not clear. Here, we test the idea that Kir channels boost the EC-dependent vasodilatation of resistance-sized arteries. We show that ECs, but not smooth muscle cells, of small mesenteric arteries have Kir currents, which are substantially reduced in EC-specific Kir2.1 knockdown (EC-Kir2.1(-/-) ) mice. Elevation of extracellular K(+) to 14 mm caused vasodilatation of pressurized arteries, which was prevented by endothelial denudation and Kir channel inhibitors (Ba(2+) , ML-133) or in the arteries from EC-Kir2.1(-/-) mice. Potassium-induced dilatations were unaffected by inhibitors of TRPV4, IK and SK channels. The Kir channel blocker, Ba(2+) , did not affect currents through TRPV4, IK or SK channels. Endothelial cell-dependent vasodilatations in response to activation of muscarinic receptors, TRPV4 channels or IK/SK channels were reduced, but not eliminated, by Kir channel inhibitors or EC-Kir2.1(-/-) . In angiotensin II-induced hypertension, the Kir channel function was not altered, although the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was severely impaired. Our results support the concept that EC Kir2 channels boost vasodilatory signals that are generated by Ca(2+) -dependent activation of IK and SK channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, VT, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, VA, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | | | - Adrian D Bonev
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, VT, USA
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, VT, USA.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Cox RH, Fromme S. Expression of Calcium Channel Subunit Variants in Small Mesenteric Arteries of WKY and SHR. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:1229-39. [PMID: 25820242 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced function of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels (CaV) in hypertensive arterial myocytes (HAM) is well accepted. Increased protein expression of pore forming α1-subunits contributes to this effect, but cannot explain all of the differences in CaV properties in HAM. We hypothesized that differences in expression of CaV subunits and/or their splice variants also contribute. METHODS RNA, protein, and myocytes were isolated from small mesenteric arteries (SMA) of 20-week-old male WKY and SHR and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, immunoblotting, and patch clamp methods. RESULTS Cav1.2 α1, β2c, and α2δ1d were the dominant subunits expressed in both WKY and SHR with a smaller amount of β3a. Real-time PCR indicated that the mRNA abundance of β3a and α2δ1 but not total Cav1.2 α1 or β2c were significantly larger in SHR. Analysis of alternative splicing of Cav1.2 α1 showed no differences in abundance of mutually exclusive exons1b, 8, 21 and 32 or alternative exons33 and 45. However, inclusion of exon9* was higher and a 73 nucleotide (nt) deletion in exon15 (exon15Δ73) was lower in SHR. Immunoblot analysis showed higher protein levels of Cav1.2 α1 (1.61±0.05), β3 (1.80±0.32), and α2δ1 (1.80±0.24) but not β2 in SHR. CONCLUSIONS The lower abundance of exon15Δ73 transcripts in SHR results in a larger fraction of total Cav1.2 mRNA coding for full-length CaV protein, and the higher abundance of exon9* transcripts and CaVβ3a protein likely contribute to differences in gating and kinetics of CaV currents in SHR. Functional studies of Ca2+ currents in native SMA myocytes and HEK cells transiently transfected with CaV subunits support these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Cox
- Program in Cardiovascular Disease, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania.
| | - Samantha Fromme
- Program in Cardiovascular Disease, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
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Li N, Li Y, Gao Q, Li D, Tang J, Sun M, Zhang P, Liu B, Mao C, Xu Z. Chronic fetal exposure to caffeine altered resistance vessel functions via RyRs-BKCa down-regulation in rat offspring. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13225. [PMID: 26277840 PMCID: PMC4642531 DOI: 10.1038/srep13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine modifies vascular/cardiac contractility. Embryonic exposure to caffeine altered cardiac functions in offspring. This study determined chronic influence of prenatal caffeine on vessel functions in offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (5-month-old) were exposed to high dose of caffeine, their offspring (5-month-old) were tested for vascular functions in mesenteric arteries (MA) and ion channel activities in smooth muscle cells. Prenatal exposure to caffeine increased pressor responses and vasoconstrictions to phenylephrine, accompanied by enhanced membrane depolarization. Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in buffering phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictions was decreased, whole cell BKCa currents and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) were decreased. Single channel recordings revealed reduced voltage/Ca2+ sensitivity of BKCa channels. BKCa α-subunit expression was unchanged, BKCa β1-subunit and sensitivity of BKCa to tamoxifen were reduced in the caffeine offspring as altered biophysical properties of BKCa in the MA. Simultaneous [Ca2+]i fluorescence and vasoconstriction testing showed reduced Ca2+, leading to diminished BKCa activation via ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels (RyRs), causing enhanced vascular tone. Reduced RyR1 was greater than that of RyR3. The results suggest that the altered STOCs activity in the caffeine offspring could attribute to down-regulation of RyRs-BKCa, providing new information for further understanding increased risks of hypertension in developmental origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bailin Liu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caiping Mao
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- 1] Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China [2] Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, California, USA
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Exercise intensity-dependent reverse and adverse remodeling of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:656-65. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhao R, Zhou M, Li J, Wang X, Su K, Hu J, Ye Y, Zhu J, Zhang G, Wang K, Du J, Wang L, Shen B. Increased TRPP2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from high-salt intake hypertensive rats: The crucial role in vascular dysfunction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:365-72. [PMID: 25351462 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE High-salt intake is a major risk factor in the development of hypertension. The underlying mechanism of high sodium on the cardiovascular system has received extensive attention. TRPP2 (Polycystin-2) is a Ca(2+) permeable nonselective cation channel that mediates Ca(2+) mobilization to control vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contraction. Here, we investigated TRPP2 expression change in VSMCs from high-salt intake hypertensive rats and role of TRPP2 in the development of high-salt diet-induced hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS After 4 ws of dietary treatment, systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated in high-salt intake rats (132 ± 3 mmHg) compared with regular diet control rats (104 ± 2 mmHg). Results from vessel tension and diameter measurements show that high-salt intake potentiated phenylephrine-induced contraction in denuded mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence data indicate that TRPP2 expression in VSMCs from mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta was significantly increased in high-salt intake-induced hypertensive rats. However, agonist-induced contractions in denuded mesenteric artery and thoracic aorta were markedly decreased if TRPP2 was knocked down by specific shRNA. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that high-salt intake increased TRPP2 expression in VSMCs, which in turn potentiated blood vessel response to contractors; this may participate in the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China; Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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Adachi-Akahane S. [Regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels via cross-talk of Ca(2+) signaling in cardiac myocytes]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2014; 144:211-216. [PMID: 25381889 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.144.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Sonkusare SK, Dalsgaard T, Bonev AD, Hill-Eubanks DC, Kotlikoff MI, Scott JD, Santana LF, Nelson MT. AKAP150-dependent cooperative TRPV4 channel gating is central to endothelium-dependent vasodilation and is disrupted in hypertension. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra66. [PMID: 25005230 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by a diminished response to endothelial cell-dependent vasodilators, is a hallmark of hypertension. TRPV4 channels play a major role in endothelial-dependent vasodilation, a function mediated by local Ca(2+) influx through clusters of functionally coupled TRPV4 channels rather than by a global increase in endothelial cell Ca(2+). We showed that stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on endothelial cells of mouse arteries exclusively activated TRPV4 channels that were localized at myoendothelial projections (MEPs), specialized regions of endothelial cells that contact smooth muscle cells. Muscarinic receptor-mediated activation of TRPV4 depended on protein kinase C (PKC) and the PKC-anchoring protein AKAP150, which was concentrated at MEPs. Cooperative opening of clustered TRPV4 channels specifically amplified Ca(2+) influx at MEPs. Cooperativity of TRPV4 channels at non-MEP sites was much lower, and cooperativity at MEPs was greatly reduced by chelation of intracellular Ca(2+) or AKAP150 knockout, suggesting that Ca(2+) entering through adjacent channels underlies the AKAP150-dependent potentiation of TRPV4 activity. In a mouse model of angiotensin II-induced hypertension, MEP localization of AKAP150 was disrupted, muscarinic receptor stimulation did not activate TRPV4 channels, cooperativity among TRPV4 channels at MEPs was weaker, and vasodilation in response to muscarinic receptor stimulation was reduced. Thus, endothelial-dependent dilation of resistance arteries is enabled by MEP-localized AKAP150, which ensures the proximity of PKC to TRPV4 channels and the coupled channel gating necessary for efficient communication from endothelial to smooth muscle cells in arteries. Disruption of this molecular assembly may contribute to altered blood flow in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - Thomas Dalsgaard
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - Adrian D Bonev
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - David C Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA
| | - Michael I Kotlikoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - John D Scott
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luis F Santana
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark T Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05403, USA. Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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Seo EY, Kim HJ, Zhao ZH, Jang JH, Jin CZ, Yoo HY, Zhang YH, Kim SJ. Low K+ current in arterial myocytes with impaired K+-vasodilation and its recovery by exercise in hypertensive rats. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:2101-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Campbell DJ. Do intravenous and subcutaneous angiotensin II increase blood pressure by different mechanisms? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 40:560-70. [PMID: 23551142 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II plays a key role in blood pressure regulation. Mechanisms of the pressor effect of chronic intravenous AngII administration include vasoconstriction, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and aldosterone production, as well as direct effects on renal excretion of sodium and water. Chronic AngII administration by subcutaneous minipump at doses higher than required to increase blood pressure by the intravenous route has identified additional pressor mechanisms, including the immune system, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases. However, pressor doses of subcutaneous AngII may exceed the angiotensinogen synthesis rate and produce inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis of skin overlying the minipump. Evidence that chronic subcutaneous and intravenous AngII increase blood pressure by different mechanisms includes the prevention of the pressor effects of subcutaneous, but not intravenous, AngII by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Furthermore, low doses of subcutaneous AngII reduce blood pressure of female, but not male, rodents and higher doses are less pressor in females than in males, whereas intravenous AngII is equally pressor in males and females. Pressor doses of chronic subcutaneous AngII produce greater weight loss, anorexia and reduced kidney weight and cause greater vascular, cardiac and renal pathology than equally pressor doses of chronic intravenous AngII. The different effects of chronic intravenous and subcutaneous AngII suggest that these two models of hypertension give different information and may differ in their relevance to blood pressure regulation in physiological and pathological states such as hypertension in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J Campbell
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
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ZICHA J, DOBEŠOVÁ Z, BEHULIAK M, PINTÉROVÁ M, KUNEŠ J, VANĚČKOVÁ I. Nifedipine-Sensitive Blood Pressure Component in Hypertensive Models Characterized by High Activity of Either Sympathetic Nervous System or Renin-Angiotensin System. Physiol Res 2014; 63:13-26. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is maintained by enhanced activity of sympathetic nervous system (SNS), whereas that of Ren-2 transgenic rats (Ren-2 TGR) by increased activity of renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, both types of hypertension are effectively attenuated by chronic blockade of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (L-VDCC). The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the magnitude of BP response elicited by acute nifedipine administration is proportional to the alterations of particular vasoactive systems (SNS, RAS, NO) known to modulate L-VDCC activity. We therefore studied these relationships not only in SHR, in which mean arterial pressure was modified in a wide range of 100-210 mm Hg by chronic antihypertensive treatment (captopril or hydralazine) or its withdrawal, but also in rats with augmented RAS activity such as homozygous Ren-2 TGR, pertussis toxin-treated SHR or L-NAME-treated SHR. In all studied groups the magnitude of BP response to nifedipine was proportional to actual BP level and it closely correlated with BP changes induced by acute combined blockade of RAS and SNS. BP response to nifedipine is also closely related to the degree of relative NO deficiency. This was true for both SNS- and RAS-dependent forms of genetic hypertension, suggesting common mechanisms responsible for enhanced L-VDCC opening and/or their upregulation in hypertensive animals. In conclusions, BP response to nifedipine is proportional to the vasoconstrictor activity exerted by both SNS and RAS, indicating a key importance of these two pressor systems for actual L-VDCC opening necessary for BP maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. ZICHA
- Department of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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40
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Abou-Saleh H, Pathan AR, Daalis A, Hubrack S, Abou-Jassoum H, Al-Naeimi H, Rusch NJ, Machaca K. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor up-regulation in hypertension is associated with sensitization of Ca2+ release and vascular smooth muscle contractility. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32941-51. [PMID: 24097979 PMCID: PMC3829145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.496802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance arteries show accentuated responsiveness to vasoconstrictor agonists in hypertension, and this abnormality relies partly on enhanced Ca(2+) signaling in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). Although inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are abundant in VSM, their role in the molecular remodeling of the Ca(2+) signaling machinery during hypertension has not been addressed. Therefore, we compared IP3R expression and function between mesenteric arteries of normotensive and hypertensive animals. Levels of IP3R transcript and protein were significantly increased in mesenteric arteries of hypertensive animals, and pharmacological inhibition of the IP3R revealed a higher contribution of IP3-dependent Ca(2+) release to vascular contraction in these arteries. Subsequently, we established cultured aortic VSM A7r5 cells as a cellular model that replicates IP3R up-regulation during hypertension by depolarizing the VSM cell membrane. IP3R up-regulation requires Ca(2+) influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels, followed by activation of the calcineurin-NFAT axis, resulting in IP3R transcription. Functionally, IP3R up-regulation in VSM is associated with enhancement and sensitization of IP3-dependent Ca(2+) release, resulting in increased VSM contraction in response to agonist stimulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcineurin/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Line
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/biosynthesis
- Membrane Potentials
- Mesenteric Arteries/metabolism
- Mesenteric Arteries/pathology
- Mice
- Muscle Contraction
- Muscle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Rats
- Transcription, Genetic
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Haissam Abou-Saleh
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Asif R. Pathan
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, and
| | - Arwa Daalis
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Satanay Hubrack
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Hamda Abou-Jassoum
- the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Hamda Al-Naeimi
- the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Nancy J. Rusch
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, and
| | - Khaled Machaca
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar
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41
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Tajada S, Cidad P, Colinas O, Santana LF, López-López JR, Pérez-García MT. Down-regulation of CaV1.2 channels during hypertension: how fewer CaV1.2 channels allow more Ca(2+) into hypertensive arterial smooth muscle. J Physiol 2013; 591:6175-91. [PMID: 24167226 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.265751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by increased arterial tone. Although the mechanisms are varied, the generally accepted view is that increased CaV1.2 channel function is a common feature of this pathological condition. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying vascular dysfunction in a mouse model of genetic hypertension. Contrary to expectation, we found that whole-cell CaV1.2 currents (ICa) were lower in hypertensive (BPH line) than normotensive (BPN line) myocytes. However, local CaV1.2 sparklet activity was higher in BPH cells, suggesting that the relatively low ICa in these cells was produced by a few hyperactive CaV1.2 channels. Furthermore, our data suggest that while the lower expression of the pore-forming α1c subunit of CaV1.2 currents underlies the lower ICa in BPH myocytes, the increased sparklet activity was due to a different composition in the auxiliary subunits of the CaV1.2 complexes. ICa currents in BPN cells were produced by channels composed of α1c/α2δ/β3 subunits, while in BPH myocytes currents were probably generated by the opening of channels formed by α1c/α2δ/β2 subunits. In addition, Ca(2+) sparks evoked large conductance, Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) currents of lower magnitude in BPH than in BPN myocytes, because BK channels were less sensitive to Ca(2+). Our data are consistent with a model in which a decrease in the global number of CaV1.2 currents coexist with the existence of a subpopulation of highly active channels that dominate the resting Ca(2+) influx. The decrease in BK channel activity makes the hyperpolarizing brake ineffective and leads BPH myocytes to a more contracted resting state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendoa Tajada
- Jose R. López-López: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Edificio IBGM, c/ Sanz y Forés s/n, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
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Wang Y, Chen L, Wier WG, Zhang J. Intravital Förster resonance energy transfer imaging reveals elevated [Ca2+]i and enhanced sympathetic tone in femoral arteries of angiotensin II-infused hypertensive biosensor mice. J Physiol 2013; 591:5321-36. [PMID: 23981717 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.257808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artery narrowing in hypertension can only result from structural remodelling of the artery, or increased smooth muscle contraction. The latter may occur with, or without, increases in [Ca(2+)]i. Here, we sought to measure, in living hypertensive mice, possible changes in artery dimensions and/or [Ca(2+)]i, and to determine some of the mechanisms involved. Ca(2+)/calmodulin biosensor (Förster resonance energy transfer-based) mice were made hypertensive by s.c. infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II, 400 ng kg(-1) min(-1), 2-3 weeks). Intravital fluorescence microscopy was used to determine [Ca(2+)]i and outer diameter of surgically exposed, intact femoral artery (FA) of anaesthetized mice. Active contractile FA 'tone' was calculated from the basal-state diameter and the passive (i.e. Ca(2+)-free) diameter (PD). Compared to saline control, FAs of Ang II-infused mice had (1) ∼21% higher active tone and (2) ∼78 nm higher smooth muscle [Ca(2+)]i, but (3) the same PDs. The local Ang II receptor (AT1R) blocker losartan had negligible effect on tone or [Ca(2+)]i in control FAs, but reduced the basal tone by ∼9% in Ang II FAs. Both i.v. hexamethonium and locally applied prazosin abolished the difference in FA tone and [Ca(2+)]i, suggesting a dominant role of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Changes in diameter and [Ca(2+)]i in response to locally applied phenylephrine, Ang II, arginine vasopressin, elevated [K(+)]o and acetylcholine were not altered. In summary, FAs of living Ang II hypertensive mice have higher [Ca(2+)]i, and are more constricted, due, primarily, to elevated SNA and some increased arterial AT1R activation. Evidence of altered artery reactivity or remodeling was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Wang
- J. Zhang: Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Joseph BK, Thakali KM, Moore CL, Rhee SW. Ion channel remodeling in vascular smooth muscle during hypertension: Implications for novel therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2013; 70:126-38. [PMID: 23376354 PMCID: PMC3607210 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are multimeric, transmembrane proteins that selectively mediate ion flux across the plasma membrane in a variety of cells including vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The dynamic interplay of Ca(2+) and K(+) channels on the plasma membrane of VSMCs plays a pivotal role in modulating the vascular tone of small arteries and arterioles. The abnormally-elevated arterial tone observed in hypertension thus points to an aberrant expression and function of Ca(2+) and K(+) channels in the VSMCs. In this short review, we focus on the three well-studied ion channels in VSMCs, namely the L-type Ca(2+) (CaV1.2) channels, the voltage-gated K(+) (KV) channels, and the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels. First, we provide a brief overview on the physiological role of vascular CaV1.2, KV and BK channels in regulating arterial tone. Second, we discuss the current understanding of the expression changes and regulation of CaV1.2, KV and BK channels in the vasculature during hypertension. Third, based on available proof-of-concept studies, we describe the potential therapeutic approaches targeting these vascular ion channels in order to restore blood pressure to normotensive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biny K Joseph
- Venenum Biodesign, 8 Black Forest Road, Hamilton, NJ 08691, USA
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Singh P, Fletcher TW, Li Y, Rusch NJ, Kilic F. Serotonin uptake rates in platelets from angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Health (London) 2013; 5:31-39. [PMID: 24163726 PMCID: PMC3806217 DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.54a005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a critical component of the renin-angiotensin system that contributes to hypertension. Although platelets in blood from hypertensive subjects have an abnormal biological profile, it is unclear if circulating Ang II influences platelet aggregation or thrombus formation. One of the abnormalities presented to the platelets during hypertension is an elevated plasma concentration of serotonin (5-HT) caused by reduced 5-HT uptake secondary to loss of the 5-HT transporter (SERT) on the platelet plasma membrane. In the current study, we evaluated in vivo platelet function after 7 days of subcutaneous Ang II infusion to establish hypertension in mice and additionally assessed the biology of isolated platelets exposed to Ang II in vitro. The administration of Ang II elevated systolic blood pressure, but markers of platelet activation including P-selectin and PEJon/A staining were not changed. However, the aggregation response to collagen was reduced in isolated platelets from Ang II-infused mice, which also showed reduced 5-HT uptake by SERT. In vitro exposure of isolated platelets to Ang II also resulted in a loss of surface SERT associated with a reduced aggregation response to collagen. These abnormalities were reversed by increasing concentrations of the Ang II receptor antagonist, valsartan. Interestingly, SERT KO mice failed to fully develop hypertension in response to Ang II infusion and isolated platelets from these animals were insensitive to the anti-aggregatory influence of Ang II. Thus, Ang II blunts the aggregation responses of platelets and the mechanism underlying this action may involve a loss of SERT on the platelet plasma membrane. The latter event depletes intracellular 5-HT in platelets, an event that is associated with reduced aggregation. The widespread use of antihypertensive drugs that target the renin-angiotensin system suggest the potential clinical utility of our findings and emphasize the importance of understanding the impact of Ang II on platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Terry W. Fletcher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Yicong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Nancy J. Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Fusun Kilic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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