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Oshidari Y, Salehi M, Kermani M, Jonidi Jafari A. Associations between long-term exposure to air pollution, diabetes, and hypertension in metropolitan Iran: an ecologic study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2476-2490. [PMID: 37674318 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2254713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on air pollution, diabetes, and hypertension conflict. This study examined air pollution, diabetes, and hypertension in adults in 11 metropolitan areas of Iran (2012-2016). Local environment departments and the Tehran Air Quality Control Company provided air quality data. The VIZIT website and Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance study delivered chronic disease data. Multiple logistic regression and generalized estimating equations evaluated air pollution-related diabetes and hypertension. In Isfahan, Ahvaz, and Tehran, PM2.5 was linked to diabetes. In all cities except Urmia, Yasuj, and Yazd, PM2.5 was statistically related to hypertension. O3 was connected to hypertension in Ahvaz, Tehran, and Shiraz, whereas NO2 was not. BMI and gender predict hypertension and diabetes. Diabetes, SBP, and total cholesterol were correlated. Iran's largest cities' poor air quality may promote diabetes and hypertension. PM2.5 impacts many cities' outcomes. Therefore, politicians and specialists have to control air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Oshidari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Kermani
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center of Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Karthikeyan S, Breznan D, Thomson EM, Blais E, Vincent R, Kumarathasan P. Concordance between In Vitro and In Vivo Relative Toxic Potencies of Diesel Exhaust Particles from Different Biodiesel Blends. TOXICS 2024; 12:290. [PMID: 38668513 PMCID: PMC11054440 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) contribute to air pollution exposure-related adverse health impacts. Here, we examined in vitro, and in vivo toxicities of DEPs from a Caterpillar C11 heavy-duty diesel engine emissions using ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) and biodiesel blends (20% v/v) of canola (B20C), soy (B20S), or tallow-waste fry oil (B20T) in ULSD. The in vitro effects of DEPs (DEPULSD, DEPB20C, DEPB20S, and DEPB20T) in exposed mouse monocyte/macrophage cells (J774A.1) were examined by analyzing the cellular cytotoxicity endpoints (CTB, LDH, and ATP) and secreted proteins. The in vivo effects were assessed in BALB/c mice (n = 6/group) exposed to DEPs (250 µg), carbon black (CB), or saline via intratracheal instillation 24 h post-exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, cytokines, lung/heart mRNA, and plasma markers were examined. In vitro cytotoxic potencies (e.g., ATP) and secreted TNF-α were positively correlated (p < 0.05) with in vivo inflammatory potency (BALF cytokines, lung/heart mRNA, and plasma markers). Overall, DEPULSD and DEPB20C appeared to be more potent compared to DEPB20S and DEPB20T. These findings suggested that biodiesel blend-derived DEP potencies can be influenced by biodiesel sources, and inflammatory process- was one of the potential underlying toxicity mechanisms. These observations were consistent across in vitro and in vivo exposures, and this work adds value to the health risk analysis of cleaner fuel alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Karthikeyan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Dalibor Breznan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Errol M. Thomson
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Erica Blais
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Renaud Vincent
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Premkumari Kumarathasan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251, Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada; (D.B.); (E.M.T.); (E.B.)
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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Sun X, Liu X, Wang X, Pang C, Yin Z, Zang S. Association between residential proximity to major roadways and chronic multimorbidity among Chinese older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38287240 PMCID: PMC10826232 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04712-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple negative health outcomes were linked to residential proximity to major roadways. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge regarding the association between residential proximity to major roadways and chronic multimorbidity. METHODS We used data from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, which included 12,214 individuals aged ≥ 60. We derived the residential proximity to major roadways from self-reported data, defining chronic multimorbidity as the presence of two or more concurrent chronic diseases. A binary logistic regression model was utilized to investigate the association between residential proximity to major roadways and chronic multimorbidity. The model accounted for some demographic features, socioeconomic conditions, social participation, and health conditions. Subsequently, we conducted subgroup analyses to examine potential interaction effects. RESULTS Residential proximity to major roadways was associated with chronic multimorbidity, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Compared with those living > 300 m from major roadways, the OR for those living 201-300 m, 101-200 m, 50-100 m, and < 50 m were increased. When subgroup analyses were conducted using a cutoff point of 200 m, the risk of chronic multimorbidity associated with residential proximity to major roadways was stronger in participants with education levels > 6 years (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Our findings provide important implications for improving residential area siting, transportation policies, and environmental regulations to reduce the risk of chronic multimorbidity caused by traffic-related exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuange Sun
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chang Pang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, No.20 Bei Jiu Road, Heping District, 110002, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuang Zang
- Department of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Sharma I, Campbell MK, Heisel MJ, Choi YH, Luginaah IN, Were JM, Gonzalez JCV, Stranges S. Construction and validation of the area level deprivation index for health research: A methodological study based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293515. [PMID: 37971982 PMCID: PMC10653511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Area-level factors may partly explain the heterogeneity in risk factors and disease distribution. Yet, there are a limited number of studies that focus on the development and validation of the area level construct and are primarily from high-income countries. The main objective of the study is to provide a methodological approach to construct and validate the area level construct, the Area Level Deprivation Index in low resource setting. A total of 14652 individuals from 11,203 households within 383 clusters (or areas) were selected from 2016-Nepal Demographic and Health survey. The index development involved sequential steps that included identification and screening of variables, variable reduction and extraction of the factors, and assessment of reliability and validity. Variables that could explain the underlying latent structure of area-level deprivation were selected from the dataset. These variables included: housing structure, household assets, and availability and accessibility of physical infrastructures such as roads, health care facilities, nearby towns, and geographic terrain. Initially, 26-variables were selected for the index development. A unifactorial model with 15-variables had the best fit to represent the underlying structure for area-level deprivation evidencing strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). Standardized scores for index ranged from 58.0 to 140.0, with higher scores signifying greater area-level deprivation. The newly constructed index showed relatively strong criterion validity with multi-dimensional poverty index (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.77) and relatively strong construct validity (Comparative Fit Index = 0.96; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.94; standardized root mean square residual = 0.05; Root mean square error of approximation = 0.079). The factor structure was relatively consistent across different administrative regions. Area level deprivation index was constructed, and its validity and reliability was assessed. The index provides an opportunity to explore the area-level influence on disease outcome and health disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishor Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Karen Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marnin J. Heisel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isaac N. Luginaah
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Mulimba Were
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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Schiff MD, Mair CF, Barinas-Mitchell E, Brooks MM, Méndez DD, Naimi AI, Reeves A, Hedderson M, Janssen I, Fabio A. Longitudinal profiles of neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability influence blood pressure changes across the female midlife period. Health Place 2023; 82:103033. [PMID: 37141837 PMCID: PMC10407757 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine whether longitudinal exposure to neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability influences blood pressure changes throughout midlife in a racially, ethnically, and geographically-diverse cohort of women transitioning through menopause. METHODS We used longitudinal data on 2738 women (age 42-52 at baseline) living in six United States cities from The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Residential histories, systolic blood pressures (SBP), and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were collected annually for ten years. We used longitudinal latent profile analysis to identify patterns of neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability occurring from 1996 to 2007 in participant neighborhoods. We used linear mixed-effect models to determine if a woman's neighborhood profile throughout midlife was associated with blood pressure changes. RESULTS We identified four unique profiles of neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability - differentiated by residential socioeconomic status, population density, and vacant housing conditions - which remained stable across time. Women residing in the most socioeconomically vulnerable neighborhoods experienced the steepest increase in annual SBP growth by 0.93 mmHg/year (95% CI: 0.65-1.21) across ten-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood socioeconomic vulnerability was significantly associated with accelerated SBP increases throughout midlife among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary D Schiff
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Christina F Mair
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States; Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Emma Barinas-Mitchell
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Maria M Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Dara D Méndez
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Ashley I Naimi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States
| | - Alexis Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States
| | - Monique Hedderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, United States
| | - Imke Janssen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1620 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, United States
| | - Anthony Fabio
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States.
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Does the place of residence influence your risk of being hypertensive? A study-based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Hypertens Res 2023:10.1038/s41440-023-01217-x. [PMID: 36890270 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Even though several studies have examined various risk factors for hypertension, residential influence is poorly explored especially in the low-income countries. We aim to investigate the association between residential characteristics and hypertension in resource limited and transitional settings like Nepal. A total of 14,652 individuals aged 15 and above were selected from 2016-Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. Individuals with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or a history of hypertension (as identified by physicians/health professionals) or under antihypertensive medication were defined as hypertensive. Residential characteristics were represented by area level deprivation index, with a higher score representing higher level of deprivation. Association was explored using a two-level logistic regression. We also assessed if residential area modifies the association between individual socio-economic status and hypertension. Area deprivation had a significant inverse association with the risk of hypertension. Individuals from the least deprived areas had higher odds of hypertension compared to highly deprived areas 1.59 (95% CI 1.30, 1.89). Additionally, the association between literacy a proxy of socio-economic status and hypertension varied with a place of residence. Literate individuals from highly deprived areas were likely to have a higher odds of hypertension compared to those with no formal education. In contrast, literate from the least deprived areas had lower odds of hypertension. These results identify counterintuitive patterns of associations between residential characteristics and hypertension in Nepal, as compared with most of the epidemiological data from high-income countries. Differential stages of demographic and nutritional transitions between and within the countries might explain these associations.
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Sweeney C, Lazennec G, Vogel CFA. Environmental exposure and the role of AhR in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1095289. [PMID: 36588678 PMCID: PMC9797527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1095289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) through environmental exposure to chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) can lead to severe adverse health effects and increase the risk of breast cancer. This review considers several mechanisms which link the tumor promoting effects of environmental pollutants with the AhR signaling pathway, contributing to the development and progression of breast cancer. We explore AhR's function in shaping the tumor microenvironment, modifying immune tolerance, and regulating cancer stemness, driving breast cancer chemoresistance and metastasis. The complexity of AhR, with evidence for both oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles is discussed. We propose that AhR functions as a "molecular bridge", linking disproportionate toxin exposure and policies which underlie environmental injustice with tumor cell behaviors which drive poor patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Gwendal Lazennec
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, SYS2DIAG-ALCEN, Cap Delta, Montpellier, France
| | - Christoph F. A. Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Rabiei H, Ramezanifar S, Hassanipour S, Gharari N. Investigating the effects of occupational and environmental noise on cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62012-62029. [PMID: 34562216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to use a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between occupational and non-occupational noise exposure expressed in various studies with cardiovascular disease. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis study based on PRISMA checklist. In this study, the researchers searched five international databases of Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ISI/web of knowledge, and Google Scholar. Search keywords included two categories noise and noise pollution, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used to review and control the quality of the articles. After all screening stage 139 articles entered the final analysis. The results show that except for East African environmental studies and workplace studies in East Asia, Western Asia, and Northern Europe, there was a significant association between noise exposure and cardiovascular disease. Also, there was a significant difference between the intensity of sound and blood pressure in workers (OR = 1.28, CI 95%: 1.15-1.42, P < 0.001). Based on the results of environmental noise, there was a significant difference between ambient noise intensity and blood pressure (OR = 1.55, CI 95%: 1.53-1.57, P < 0.001). It can be concluded that it is very important to study and identify jobs or living environments with less than the recommended noise level and in addition to hearing aids that occur in over-standard exposures, such as cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiseh Rabiei
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleiman Ramezanifar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Noradin Gharari
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Laborde C, Crouzet M, Carrère A, Cambois E. Contextual factors underpinning geographical inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in 100 French départements. Eur J Ageing 2021; 18:381-392. [PMID: 34483802 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-020-00589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives were to estimate disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) and life expectancy with disability (DLE) by gender for the 100 French départements (administrative geographical subdivisions) and to investigate associations with socioeconomic factors, supply of healthcare and services for older persons. DFLE and DLE at age 60 are estimated using the Sullivan method and based on the GALI indicator provided by the French cross-sectional survey Vie Quotidienne et Santé 2014. In 2014, DFLE for men and women aged 60 was 14.3 years and 15.6 years, respectively. Variations across départements were considerable (5.4 years for men, 6.7 years for women). Multivariate random effects meta-regression models indicated a negative association for men between DFLE and some of the socioeconomic contextual indicators (ratio of manual workers to higher-level occupations and unemployment rate); the level of in-home nursing services (HNS) was negatively associated with DFLE and density of nurses positively associated with DLE. Among women, ratio of manual workers to higher-level occupations, unemployment rate, proportion of the population living in large urban areas, density of nurses, and level of HNS were negatively associated with DFLE; density of physiotherapy supply was associated positively with DFLE and negatively with DLE. Our results suggest that geographical inequalities in health expectancies are significantly correlated with socioeconomic status and with healthcare supply, support for older persons, and urban environments, particularly among women. These results underline the importance of monitoring these indicators and disparities at infra-national-level, and of investigating their relations with local context, particularly the supply of healthcare and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Laborde
- Inserm, CESP, Echappement aux anti-infectieux et pharmaco-épidémiologie, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
- Observatoire régional de santé Île-de-France, Département de l'Institut Paris Région, Paris, France
| | - Maude Crouzet
- UMR7363 SAGE, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Carrère
- Institut national d'études démographiques (Ined), Paris, France
- Université PSL Paris-Dauphine (LEDa-LEGOS), Paris, France
- Université Paris-Créteil (Erudite), Paris, France
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Hart JE, Hohensee C, Laden F, Holland I, Whitsel EA, Wellenius GA, Winkelmayer WC, Sarto GE, Warsinger Martin L, Manson JE, Greenland P, Kaufman J, Albert C, Perez MV. Long-Term Exposures to Air Pollution and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in the Women's Health Initiative Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:97007. [PMID: 34523977 PMCID: PMC8442602 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Short-term exposures to air pollution have been associated with AF triggering; less is known regarding associations between long-term air pollution exposures and AF incidence. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the association between long-term exposures to air pollution and distance to road on incidence of AF in a cohort of U.S. women. METHODS We assessed the association of high resolution spatiotemporal model predictions of long-term exposures to particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and distance to major roads with incidence of AF diagnosis, identified through Medicare linkage, among 83,117 women in the prospective Women's Health Initiative cohort, followed from enrollment in Medicare through December 2012, incidence of AF, or death. Using time-varying Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, study component, body mass index, physical activity, menopausal hormone therapy, smoking, diet quality, alcohol consumption, educational attainment, and neighborhood socioeconomic status, we estimated the relative risk of incident AF in association with each pollutant. RESULTS A total of 16,348 incident AF cases were observed over 660,236 person-years of follow-up. Most exposure-response associations were nonlinear. NO 2 was associated with risk of AF in multivariable adjusted models [Hazard Ratio ( HR ) = 1.18 ; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 1.24, comparing the top to bottom quartile, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ]. Women living closer to roadways were at higher risk of AF (e.g., HR = 1.07 ; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13 for living within 50 m of A3 roads, compared with ≥ 1,000 m , p -for-trend = 0.02 ), but we did not observe adverse associations with exposures to PM 10 , PM 2.5 , or SO 2 . There were adverse associations with PM 10 (top quartile HR = 1.10 ; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.16, p -for-trend = < 0.0001 ) and PM 2.5 (top quartile HR = 1.09 ; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.14, p -for-trend = 0.002 ) in sensitivity models adjusting for census region. DISCUSSION In this study of postmenopausal women, NO 2 and distance to road were consistently associated with higher risk of AF. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7683.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chancellor Hohensee
- Women’s Health Initiative Clinical Coordinating Center, Division of Public Health, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Holland
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gloria E. Sarto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joel Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine Albert
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marco V. Perez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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11
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Associations between air pollution indicators and prevalent and incident diabetes in an African American cohort, the Jackson Heart Study. Environ Epidemiol 2021; 5:e140. [PMID: 33912784 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is especially prevalent among African Americans. Prior studies suggest that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution may be associated with greater incidence of diabetes, but results remain heterogeneous. Few studies have included large numbers of African Americans. Methods We assessed diabetes status and concentrations of 1- and 3-year fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) among African American participants of the Jackson Heart Study at visits 1 (2000-2004, N = 5128) and 2 (2005-2008, N = 2839). We used mixed-effect modified Poisson regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incidence of diabetes by visit 2 and prevalence ratios (PRs) of the association between air pollution exposure and prevalent diabetes at visits 1 and 2. We adjusted for potential confounding by patient characteristics, as well as inverse probability weights of diabetes at visit 2, accounting for clustering by census tract. Results We observed associations between incident diabetes and interquartile range increase in 1-year O3 (RR 1.34, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.61) and 3-year O3 (RR 0.88, 95% CI = 0.76, 1.02). We observed associations between prevalent diabetes and 1-year PM2.5 (PR 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.17), 1-year O3 (PR 1.18, 95% CI = 1.10, 1.27), and 3-year O3 (PR 0.95, 95% CI = 0.90, 1.01) at visit 2. Conclusions Our results provide some evidence of positive associations between indicators of long-term PM2.5 and O3 exposure and diabetes. This study is particularly relevant to African Americans, who have higher prevalence of diabetes but relatively few studies of environmental pollution risk factors.
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Yao Y, Jin X, Cao K, Zhao M, Zhu T, Zhang J, Zeng Y. Residential proximity to major roadways and cognitive function among Chinese adults 65 years and older. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142607. [PMID: 33097247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence in North America and Europe suggests that traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) adversely affects cognition. However, little is known about this relationship in people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is also unknown whether indoor air pollution can modify the effect of TRAP. We derived data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a prospective cohort study, including 11,187 individuals of 82.0 years old (53.9% female). We ascertained residential proximity to major roadways based on self-reports and assessed cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used cooking fuel type and home ventilation as proxies for indoor air pollution. We examined the associations between major road proximity and cognitive impairment using multivariable logistic regressions, controlling for demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and chronic conditions. We did subgroup analyses and assessed the potential interaction effect. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was 33.4%. The adjusted odds ratios of cognitive impairment were 1.20 (1.05, 1.35), 1.26 (1.09, 1.46), 0.99 (0.84, 1.17), and 1.05 (0.88, 1.25) for individuals living <50 m, 50-100 m, 101-200 m, and 201-300 m compared to those living >300 m from a major roadway. In dichotomized analyses, the risk (OR) associated with living closer to roadways was greater in participants who did not implement any ventilation during cooking (compared to those using natural or mechanical ventilation, 1.86 [1.31-2.65] vs. 1.16 [1.03-1.26], P for interaction = 0.001) and in solid fuel users (compared to clean fuel users, 1.37 [1.13-1.67] vs. 1.13 [1.04-1.21], P for interaction = 0.028). The associations were robust in a set of sensitivity analyses. The results suggested that living closer to major roadways was associated with an increased risk for cognitive impairment in older adults in China, indicating an adverse TRAP effect. Indoor air pollution appeared to enhance the TRAP effect synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixi Cao
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minghao Zhao
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tinglong Zhu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China; Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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13
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Weaver AM, Wang Y, Wellenius GA, Bidulescu A, Sims M, Vaidyanathan A, Hickson DA, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Diaz KM, Seals SR. Long-Term Air Pollution and Blood Pressure in an African American Cohort: the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:397-405. [PMID: 33478866 PMCID: PMC10388406 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African Americans are disproportionately affected by high blood pressure, which may be associated with exposure to air pollutants, such as fine particulate matter and ozone. METHODS Among African American Jackson Heart Study participants, this study examined associations between 1-year and 3-year mean fine particulate matter and ozone concentrations with prevalent and incident hypertension at Visits 1 (2000-2004, n=5,191) and 2 (2005-2008, n=4,105) using log binomial regression. Investigators examined associations with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure using linear regression and hierarchical linear models, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics. Analyses were conducted in 2017-2019. RESULTS No associations were observed between fine particulate matter or ozone concentration and prevalent or incident hypertension. In linear models, an IQR increase in 1-year ozone concentration was associated with 0.67 mmHg higher systolic blood pressure (95% CI=0.27, 1.06), 0.42 mmHg higher diastolic blood pressure (95% CI=0.20, 0.63), and 0.50 mmHg higher mean arterial pressure (95% CI=0.26, 0.74). In hierarchical models, fine particulate matter was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure (-0.72, 95% CI= -1.31, -0.13), diastolic blood pressure (-0.69, 95% CI= -1.02, -0.36), and mean arterial pressure (-0.71, 95% CI= -1.08, -0.33). Attenuated associations were observed with 1-year concentrations and at Visit 1. CONCLUSIONS Positive associations were observed between ozone and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure, and inverse associations between fine particulate matter and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure in an African American population with high (56%) prevalence of hypertension. Effect sizes were small and may not be clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Weaver
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Environmental Health, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aurelian Bidulescu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ambarish Vaidyanathan
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - DeMarc A Hickson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Keith M Diaz
- Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha R Seals
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida
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14
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Pang Y, Liu S, Yan L, Wang Q, Li L, Chu C, Ning J, Zhang B, Wang X, Ma S, Su D, Zhang R, Niu Y. Associations of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with risk of valvular heart disease based on a cross-sectional study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111753. [PMID: 33348255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrated that traffic-related air pollution induced adverse effects on cardiovascular system. We designed a population-based cross-sectional study to explore the association between residential proximity to major roadways, traffic density and the prevalence of valvular heart disease (VHD). A total of 34040 subjects from a Rural Health Project between 2013 and 2018 were collected. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 4158 participants were enrolled in the final analysis. And we calculated the subjects' proximity to major roadways and collected the traffic density on the major roadways. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was performed to diagnose the VHD, according to the current AHA/ACC (the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology) guidelines. Differences between groups were examined by the one-way ANOVAs for continuous variables and the chi-square tests for categorical variables. A logistic regression models were used to assess the associations. The stratified analysis by age and sex were conducted to further analyze the association. The restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to further evaluate the association between road way distance and VHD. Bonferroni test was used to adjust the significance level. The subjects closer to the major roads had the higher risk of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) (odds risk, OR = 1.519, 95% confidence intervals, 95%CI: 1.058-2.181), especially in female. The risk of VHD was positive (high traffic density VS low traffic density, OR = 1.799, 95%CI: 1.221-2.651), especially in female. In addition, the high traffic density was associated with the risk of mitral regurgitation (MR) (OR = 1.758, 95%CI: 1.085-2.848). The restricted cubic spline analysis found a threshold distance of about 300 m, where had the lowest risk of VHD, aortic regurgitation (AR), MR, TR. Our results found a positive association between traffic-related air pollution and VHD especially in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Department of Health Management and Services, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou 061000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Liu
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Li
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Shitao Ma
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Su
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yujie Niu
- Deportment occupational Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China; Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang 050017, People's Republic of China
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15
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Yao Y, Cao K, Zhang K, Zhu T, Yue D, Zhang H, Zhang J, Jin X, Zeng Y. Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Prevalent Hypertension Among Older Women and Men: Results From the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:587222. [PMID: 33282919 PMCID: PMC7705226 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.587222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Prior studies suggested that residential proximity to major roadways was associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases in developed countries, for which one explanation is that road proximity could heighten the risks of hypertension. However, the association of residential distance to major roadways with hypertension is still unclear in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with levels of air pollution and socioeconomic development distinctively different from developed countries. Methods: We derived data from the eighth wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a nationwide prospective cohort. The present study included 12,881 individuals older than 65 years (mean age, 85.2 ± 11.7 years) with 55.8% of them being female. We ascertained the residential proximity to major roadways based on self-reports and hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. We then used logistic regression to examine the association between residential distance to major roadways and hypertension. Results: The odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension for participants living 50 to 100, 101 to 200, and ≥200 meters from major roads were 1.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.02-1.33], 1.21 (95% CI = 1.05-1.41), and 1.22 (95% CI = 1.10-1.34), respectively, compared to those living within 50 m (P for trend < 0.001). Significant effects of modifications from socioeconomic status and accessibility to health care resources were observed (Ps for interaction < 0.05). Compared to living within 50 m from a major roadway, the ORs of hypertension for living ≥50 m were higher in manual/agricultural workers, low-education groups, participants without household ventilation, and participants lacking in health education and health care resources. We observed considerable variations across geographic regions with the association in question attenuating in Eastern China but remaining significant in other regions. Conclusion: Residential proximity to major roadways was associated with lower odds of hypertension among older adults in China. The utility of residential proximity to major roadways as a marker of increased risks of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases may need to be revisited in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kaixi Cao
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Kehan Zhang
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tinglong Zhu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dahai Yue
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jim Zhang
- Global Health Institute and the Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xurui Jin
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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16
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Morishita M, Wang L, Speth K, Zhou N, Bard RL, Li F, Brook JR, Rajagopalan S, Brook RD. Acute Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Effects of Near-Roadway Exposures With and Without N95 Respirators. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:1054-1065. [PMID: 31350540 PMCID: PMC7962899 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for cardiovascular events increases within hours of near-roadway exposures. We aimed to determine the traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and biological mechanisms involved and if reducing particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) inhalation is protective. METHODS Fifty healthy-adults underwent multiple 2-hour near-roadway exposures (Tuesdays to Fridays) in Ann Arbor during 2 separate weeks (randomized to wear an N95 respirator during 1 week). Monday both weeks, participants rested 2 hours in an exam room (once wearing an N95 respirator). Brachial blood pressure, aortic hemodynamics, and heart rate variability were repeatedly measured during exposures. Endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index [RHI]) was measured post-exposures (Thursdays). Black carbon (BC), total particle count (PC), PM2.5, noise and temperature were measured throughout exposures. RESULTS PM2.5 (9.3 ± 7.7 µg/m3), BC (1.3 ± 0.6 µg/m3), PC (8,375 ± 4,930 particles/cm3) and noise (69.2 ± 4.2 dB) were higher (P values <0.01) and aortic hemodynamic parameters trended worse while near-roadway (P values<0.15 vs. exam room). Other outcomes were unchanged. Aortic hemodynamics trended towards improvements with N95 respirator usage while near-roadway (P values<0.15 vs. no-use), whereas other outcomes remained unaffected. Higher near-roadway PC and BC exposures were associated with increases in aortic augmentation pressures (P values<0.05) and trends toward lower RHI (P values <0.2). N95 respirator usage did not mitigate these adverse responses (nonsignificant pollutant-respirator interactions). Near-roadway outdoor-temperature and noise were also associated with cardiovascular changes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to real-world combustion-derived particulates in TRAP, even at relatively low concentrations, acutely worsened aortic hemodynamics. Our mixed findings regarding the health benefits of wearing N95 respirators support that further studies are needed to validate if they adequately protect against TRAP given their growing worldwide usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Morishita
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly Speth
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nina Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert L Bard
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fengyao Li
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Case Western Reserve Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert D Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Jhun I, Kim J, Cho B, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Zanobetti A, Rice MB, Mittleman MA, Garshick E, Vokonas P, Bind MA, Wilker EH, Dominici F, Suh H, Koutrakis P. Synthesis of Harvard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Center studies on traffic-related particulate pollution and cardiovascular outcomes in the Greater Boston Area. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:900-917. [PMID: 30888266 PMCID: PMC6650311 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1596994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The association between particulate pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well established. While the cardiovascular effects of nationally regulated criteria pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide) have been well documented, there are fewer studies on particulate pollutants that are more specific for traffic, such as black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN). In this paper, we synthesized studies conducted in the Greater Boston Area on cardiovascular health effects of traffic exposure, specifically defined by BC or PN exposure or proximity to major roadways. Large cohort studies demonstrate that exposure to traffic-related particles adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation and pro-thrombotic activity, and elevate the risk of hypertension and ischemic stroke. Key patterns emerged when directly comparing studies with overlapping exposure metrics and population cohorts. Most notably, cardiovascular risk estimates of PN and BC exposures were larger in magnitude or more often statistically significant compared to those of PM2.5 exposures. Across multiple exposure metrics (e.g., short-term vs. long-term; observed vs. modeled) and different population cohorts (e.g., elderly, individuals with co-morbidities, young healthy individuals), there is compelling evidence that BC and PN represent traffic-related particles that are especially harmful to cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to validate these findings in other geographic locations, characterize exposure errors associated with using monitored and modeled traffic pollutant levels, and elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of traffic-related particulate pollutants. Implications: Traffic emissions are an important source of particles harmful to cardiovascular health. Traffic-related particles, specifically BC and PN, adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic inflammation and thrombotic activity, elevate BP, and increase the risk of ischemic stroke. There is evidence that BC and PN are associated with greater cardiovascular risk compared to PM2.5. Further research is needed to elucidate other health effects of traffic-related particles and assess the feasibility of regulating BC and PN or their regional and local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Jhun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary B. Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-Abele Bind
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Science Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elissa H. Wilker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Helen Suh
- Tufts University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Medford, MA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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18
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Servadio JL, Lawal AS, Davis T, Bates J, Russell AG, Ramaswami A, Convertino M, Botchwey N. Demographic Inequities in Health Outcomes and Air Pollution Exposure in the Atlanta Area and its Relationship to Urban Infrastructure. J Urban Health 2019; 96:219-234. [PMID: 30478764 PMCID: PMC6458195 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental burdens such as air pollution are inequitably distributed with groups of lower socioeconomic statuses, which tend to comprise of large proportions of racial minorities, typically bearing greater exposure. Such groups have also been shown to present more severe health outcomes which can be related to adverse pollution exposure. Air pollution exposure, especially in urban areas, is usually impacted by the built environment, such as major roadways, which can be a significant source of air pollution. This study aims to examine inequities in prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in the Atlanta metropolitan region as they relate to exposure to air pollution and characteristics of the built environment. Census tract level data were obtained from multiple sources to model health outcomes (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke), pollution exposure (particulate matter and nitrogen oxides), demographics (ethnicity and proportion of elderly residents), and infrastructure characteristics (tree canopy cover, access to green space, and road intersection density). Conditional autoregressive models were fit to the data to account for spatial autocorrelation among census tracts. The statistical model showed areas with majority African-American populations had significantly higher exposure to both air pollutants and higher prevalence of each disease. When considering univariate associations between pollution and health outcomes, the only significant association existed between nitrogen oxides and COPD being negatively correlated. Greater percent tree canopy cover and green space access were associated with higher prevalence of COPD, CHD, and stroke. Overall, in considering health outcomes in connection with pollution exposure infrastructure and ethnic demographics, demographics remained the most significant explanatory variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Servadio
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Abiola S Lawal
- Schools of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tate Davis
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Josephine Bates
- Schools of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Anu Ramaswami
- Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matteo Convertino
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nisha Botchwey
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Peters JL, Zevitas CD, Redline S, Hastings A, Sizov N, Hart JE, Levy JI, Roof CJ, Wellenius GA. Aviation Noise and Cardiovascular Health in the United States: a Review of the Evidence and Recommendations for Research Direction. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2018. [PMID: 30505645 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0151-2.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review In the USA, there is mounting pressure on aviation operators and regulators to address concerns about community impacts of aircraft noise given increasing evidence of adverse health impacts, continuing community complaints, availability of cost-effective programs to reduce exposures to aircraft noise, and more stringent international policies. In the USA, regulation of civil aviation noise is the responsibility of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which requires a "significant body of scientific support," particularly applicable to the USA, to inform health-based policy and regulatory decisions. However, there have been very few studies investigating the relationship between noise and health in the USA and limited studies across the globe characterizing the effects of aviation noise specifically on cardiovascular health. This review focuses on recent findings on the relationship between aircraft noise and cardiovascular outcomes and directions for future research. Recent Findings Epidemiological studies generally report statistically significant associations between aircraft noise and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, although with limited evidence within the USA. Sleep disturbance, associated with nighttime noise, has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease given associations with inflammatory markers and metabolic changes. Given numerous cardiovascular markers, the most appropriate choices depend on the ultimate objectives of the individual studies. Summary Given the state of the literature, future research should leverage emerging tools to estimate aviation, railway, and road traffic noise and apply noise estimates to a range of epidemiological study designs and endpoints to inform causal interpretation and help determine potential intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junenette L Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 710 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christopher D Zevitas
- Volpe National Transportation System Center, US Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Hastings
- Volpe National Transportation System Center, US Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Sizov
- Office of Environment and Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 710 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christopher J Roof
- Volpe National Transportation System Center, US Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Honda T, Pun VC, Manjourides J, Suh H. Associations of long-term fine particulate matter exposure with prevalent hypertension and increased blood pressure in older Americans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:1-8. [PMID: 29459230 PMCID: PMC5911215 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a highly prevalent cardiovascular risk factor. It is possible that air pollution, also an established cardiovascular risk factor, may contribute to cardiovascular disease through increasing blood pressure. Previous studies evaluating associations between air pollution and blood pressure have had mixed results. METHODS We examined the association between long-term (one-year moving average) air pollutant exposures, prevalent hypertension and blood pressure in 4121 older Americans (57+ years) enrolled in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. We estimated exposures to PM2.5 using spatio-temporal models and used logistic regression accounting for repeated measures to evaluate the association between long-term average PM2.5 and prevalence odds of hypertension. We additionally used linear regression to evaluate the associations between air pollutants and systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse pressures. Health effect models were adjusted for a number of demographic, health and socioeconomic covariates. RESULTS An inter-quartile range (3.91 μg/m3) increase in the one-year moving average of PM2.5 was associated with increased: Odds of prevalent hypertension (POR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.38), systolic blood pressure (0.93 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.80) and pulse pressure (0.89 mm Hg, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.58). Dose-response relationships were also observed. CONCLUSIONS PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of prevalent hypertension, and increased systolic pressure and pulse pressure in a cohort of older Americans. These findings add to the growing evidence that air pollution may be an important risk factor for hypertension and perturbations in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Honda
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Vivian C Pun
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Helen Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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21
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Peters JL, Zevitas CD, Redline S, Hastings A, Sizov N, Hart JE, Levy JI, Roof CJ, Wellenius GA. Aviation Noise and Cardiovascular Health in the United States: a Review of the Evidence and Recommendations for Research Direction. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2018; 5:140-152. [PMID: 30505645 PMCID: PMC6261366 DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW In the USA, there is mounting pressure on aviation operators and regulators to address concerns about community impacts of aircraft noise given increasing evidence of adverse health impacts, continuing community complaints, availability of cost-effective programs to reduce exposures to aircraft noise, and more stringent international policies. In the USA, regulation of civil aviation noise is the responsibility of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which requires a "significant body of scientific support," particularly applicable to the USA, to inform health-based policy and regulatory decisions. However, there have been very few studies investigating the relationship between noise and health in the USA and limited studies across the globe characterizing the effects of aviation noise specifically on cardiovascular health. This review focuses on recent findings on the relationship between aircraft noise and cardiovascular outcomes and directions for future research. RECENT FINDINGS Epidemiological studies generally report statistically significant associations between aircraft noise and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, although with limited evidence within the USA. Sleep disturbance, associated with nighttime noise, has been shown to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease given associations with inflammatory markers and metabolic changes. Given numerous cardiovascular markers, the most appropriate choices depend on the ultimate objectives of the individual studies. SUMMARY Given the state of the literature, future research should leverage emerging tools to estimate aviation, railway, and road traffic noise and apply noise estimates to a range of epidemiological study designs and endpoints to inform causal interpretation and help determine potential intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junenette L. Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 710 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christopher D. Zevitas
- Volpe National Transportation System Center, US Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Hastings
- Volpe National Transportation System Center, US Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Natalia Sizov
- Office of Environment and Energy, Federal Aviation Administration, US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan I. Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 710 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christopher J. Roof
- Volpe National Transportation System Center, US Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Wang Y, Fan H, Banerjee R, Weaver AM, Weiner M. A National County-Level Assessment of U.S. Nursing Facility Characteristics Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Traffic Pollution in Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018. [PMID: 29534437 PMCID: PMC5877032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution increases disease risk in older adults. Nursing facilities located near major roadways potentially expose older adults to traffic pollution. No studies, however, have described the association between nursing facilities and traffic pollution. We obtained data on facility- and census-tract-level characteristics of 15,706 U.S. facilities from the Medicare Nursing Home Compare datasets. We calculated distance to major roadways and traffic density for each facility. In the contiguous U.S. (as of 2014), 345,792 older adults, about 27% of residents in non-hospital facilities, lived within 150 m major roadways (A1 or A2) in 3876 (28% of sampled) facilities. Nationally, for-profit facilities, high-occupancy facilities, and facilities in census tracts with higher percentages of minorities were more likely to have higher exposure to traffic. Counties in Virginia, New York City, and Rhode Island have the highest percent of residents and facilities near major roads. Nationally, over one-quarter of sampled facilities are located near major roadways. Attributes potentially associated with higher exposure to traffic included “for-profit” and “higher minority census tract”. Proximity to major roadways may be an important factor to consider in siting nursing facilities. Our results inform potential intervention strategy at both county and facility level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Indiana University Fairbanks, School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Indiana University Fairbanks, School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Rudy Banerjee
- Department of Geography, School of Liberal Arts, Indiana University-Purdue University in Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Anne M Weaver
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Indiana University Fairbanks, School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Center for Health Information and Communication, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Health Services Research and Development Service CIN 13-416, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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23
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Ward-Caviness CK, Kraus WE, Blach C, Haynes CS, Dowdy E, Miranda ML, Devlin R, Diaz-Sanchez D, Cascio WE, Mukerjee S, Stallings C, Smith LA, Gregory SG, Shah SH, Neas LM, Hauser ER. Associations Between Residential Proximity to Traffic and Vascular Disease in a Cardiac Catheterization Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:275-282. [PMID: 29191927 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to mobile source emissions is nearly ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. There is an ongoing need to understand the specificity of traffic exposure associations with vascular outcomes, particularly in individuals with cardiovascular disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed a cross-sectional study using 2124 individuals residing in North Carolina, United States, who received a cardiac catheterization at the Duke University Medical Center. Traffic-related exposure was assessed via 2 metrics: (1) the distance between the primary residence and the nearest major roadway; and (2) location of the primary residence in regions defined based on local traffic patterns. We examined 4 cardiovascular disease outcomes: hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, the number of diseased coronary vessels, and recent myocardial infarction. Statistical models were adjusted for race, sex, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and home value. Results are expressed in terms of the odds ratio (OR). A 23% decrease in residential distance to major roadways was associated with higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.55) and hypertension (OR=1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.31). Associations with peripheral arterial disease were strongest in men (OR=1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.74) while associations with hypertension were strongest in women (OR=1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.99-1.49). Neither myocardial infarction nor the number of diseased coronary vessels were associated with traffic exposure. CONCLUSIONS Traffic-related exposure is associated with peripheral arterial disease and hypertension while no associations are observed for 2 coronary-specific vascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.).
| | - William E Kraus
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Colette Blach
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Carol S Haynes
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elaine Dowdy
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Marie Lynn Miranda
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Robert Devlin
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - David Diaz-Sanchez
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Wayne E Cascio
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Shaibal Mukerjee
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Casson Stallings
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Luther A Smith
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Simon G Gregory
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Svati H Shah
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Lucas M Neas
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
| | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- From the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC (C.K.W.-C., R.D., D.D.-S., W.E.C., L.M.N.); Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.B., C.S.H., E.D., S.G.G., S.H.S., E.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (W.E.K., S.H.S.); Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX (M.L.M.); National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC (S.M.); Metabolon, Research Triangle Park, NC (C.S.); Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC (L.A.S.); and Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Durham Veterans, Affairs Medical Center, NC (E.R.H.)
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Honda T, Eliot MN, Eaton CB, Whitsel E, Stewart JD, Mu L, Suh H, Szpiro A, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Wellenius GA. Long-term exposure to residential ambient fine and coarse particulate matter and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 105:79-85. [PMID: 28521192 PMCID: PMC5532534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been previously linked with higher risk of cardiovascular events. This association may be mediated, at least partly, by increasing the risk of incident hypertension, a key determinant of cardiovascular risk. However, whether long-term exposure to PM is associated with incident hypertension remains unclear. METHODS Using national geostatistical models incorporating geographic covariates and spatial smoothing, we estimated annual average concentrations of residential fine (PM2.5), respirable (PM10), and course (PM10-2.5) fractions of particulate matter among 44,255 post-menopausal women free of hypertension enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between long-term average residential pollutant concentrations and incident hypertension, adjusting for potential confounding by sociodemographic factors, medical history, neighborhood socioeconomic measures, WHI study clinical site, clinical trial, and randomization arm. RESULTS During 298,383 person-years of follow-up, 14,511 participants developed incident hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratios per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), 1.06 (1.03, 1.10), and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.04), respectively. Statistically significant concentration-response relationships were identified for PM2.5 and PM10 fractions. The association between PM2.5 and hypertension was more pronounced among non-white participants and those residing in the Northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of post-menopausal women, ambient fine and respirable particulate matter exposures were associated with higher incidence rates of hypertension. These results suggest that particulate matter may be an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Honda
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lina Mu
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Helen Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Adam Szpiro
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sverre Vedal
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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25
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Honda T, Eliot MN, Eaton CB, Whitsel E, Stewart JD, Mu L, Suh H, Szpiro A, Kaufman JD, Vedal S, Wellenius GA. Long-term exposure to residential ambient fine and coarse particulate matter and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28521192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.009%5bpublished] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been previously linked with higher risk of cardiovascular events. This association may be mediated, at least partly, by increasing the risk of incident hypertension, a key determinant of cardiovascular risk. However, whether long-term exposure to PM is associated with incident hypertension remains unclear. METHODS Using national geostatistical models incorporating geographic covariates and spatial smoothing, we estimated annual average concentrations of residential fine (PM2.5), respirable (PM10), and course (PM10-2.5) fractions of particulate matter among 44,255 post-menopausal women free of hypertension enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trials. We used time-varying Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between long-term average residential pollutant concentrations and incident hypertension, adjusting for potential confounding by sociodemographic factors, medical history, neighborhood socioeconomic measures, WHI study clinical site, clinical trial, and randomization arm. RESULTS During 298,383 person-years of follow-up, 14,511 participants developed incident hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratios per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM10, and PM10-2.5 were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.17), 1.06 (1.03, 1.10), and 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.04), respectively. Statistically significant concentration-response relationships were identified for PM2.5 and PM10 fractions. The association between PM2.5 and hypertension was more pronounced among non-white participants and those residing in the Northeastern United States. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of post-menopausal women, ambient fine and respirable particulate matter exposures were associated with higher incidence rates of hypertension. These results suggest that particulate matter may be an important modifiable risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trenton Honda
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lina Mu
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Helen Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Adam Szpiro
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sverre Vedal
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Burroughs Peña MS, Rollins A. Environmental Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease: A Challenge for Health and Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Cardiol Clin 2017; 35:71-86. [PMID: 27886791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures in low- and middle-income countries lie at the intersection of increased economic development and the rising public health burden of cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence suggests an association of exposure to ambient air pollution, household air pollution from biomass fuel, lead, arsenic, and cadmium with multiple cardiovascular disease outcomes, including hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality. Although populations in low- and middle-income countries are disproportionately exposed to environmental pollution, evidence linking these exposures to cardiovascular disease is derived from populations in high-income countries. More research is needed to further characterize the extent of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Burroughs Peña
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, 11th Floor, Room 1180D, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Allman Rollins
- Department of Medicine, University of California, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Weaver AM, Wellenius GA, Wu WC, Hickson DA, Kamalesh M, Wang Y. Residential distance to major roadways and cardiac structure in African Americans: cross-sectional results from the Jackson Heart Study. Environ Health 2017; 16:21. [PMID: 28270143 PMCID: PMC5341411 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a significant source of morbidity and mortality among African Americans. Ambient air pollution, including from traffic, is associated with HF, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to estimate the cross-sectional associations between residential distance to major roadways with markers of cardiac structure: left ventricular (LV) mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter, LV end-systolic diameter, and LV hypertrophy among African Americans. METHODS We studied baseline participants of the Jackson Heart Study (recruited 2000-2004), a prospective cohort of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among African Americans living in Jackson, Mississippi, USA. All cardiac measures were assessed from echocardiograms. We assessed the associations between residential distance to roads and cardiac structure indicators using multivariable linear regression or multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 4826 participants, residential distance to road was <150 m for 103 participants, 150-299 m for 158, 300-999 for 1156, and ≥1000 m for 3409. Those who lived <150 m from a major road had mean 1.2 mm (95% CI 0.2, 2.1) greater LV diameter at end-systole compared to those who lived ≥1000 m. We did not observe statistically significant associations between distance to roads and LV mass index, LV end-diastolic diameter, or LV hypertrophy. Results did not materially change after additional adjustment for hypertension and diabetes or exclusion of those with CVD at baseline; results strengthened when modeling distance to A1 roads (such as interstate highways) as the exposure of interest. CONCLUSIONS We found that residential distance to roads may be associated with LV end-systolic diameter, a marker of systolic dysfunction, in this cohort of African Americans, suggesting a potential mechanism by which exposure to traffic pollution increases the risk of HF.
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Grants
- HHSN268201300049C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- HHSN268201300047C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- R01 ES020871 NIEHS NIH HHS
- HHSN268201300050C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- HHSN268201300048C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- R21 NR013231 National Institute of Nursing Research
- HHSN268201300046C National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (US)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (US); National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (US)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Weaver
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd., RG 6082, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- The School of Public Health at Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- The School of Public Health at Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - DeMarc A. Hickson
- Jackson State University School of Public Health Initiative, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Drive, Jackson Medical Mall, Suite 320, Jackson, MS 39213 USA
| | - Masoor Kamalesh
- Department of Cardiology, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 W 10th St., Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd., RG 6082, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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Brant A, Kates M, Chappidi MR, Patel HD, Sopko NA, Netto GJ, Baras AS, Hahn NM, Pierorazio PM, Bivalacqua TJ. Pathologic response in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Is therapeutic effect owing to chemotherapy or TURBT? Urol Oncol 2017; 35:34.e17-34.e25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 14:ijerph14010003. [PMID: 28025522 PMCID: PMC5295254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that higher levels of traffic-related pollution exposure increase the risk of diabetes, but the association between road proximity and diabetes risk remains unclear. To assess and quantify the association between residential proximity to major roadways and type 2 diabetes, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. Using a random-effects meta-analysis, the summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated. Bayesian meta-analysis was also performed. Eight studies (6 cohort and 2 cross-sectional) with 158,576 participants were finally included. The summary unadjusted RR for type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.44, p = 0.001, I2 = 48.1%). The summary adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03–1.22, p = 0.01, I2 = 17.9%). After excluding two cross-sectional studies, the summary results suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could increase type 2 diabetes risk (Adjusted RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.27, p = 0.025, I2 = 36.6%). Bayesian meta-analysis showed that the unadjusted RR and adjusted RR of type 2 diabetes associated with residential proximity to major roadways were 1.22 (95% credibility interval: 1.06–1.55) and 1.13 (95% credibility interval: 1.01–1.31), respectively. The meta-analysis suggested that residential proximity to major roadways could significantly increase risk of type 2 diabetes, and it is an independent risk factor of type 2 diabetes. More well-designed studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence.
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Wang Y, Wellenius GA, Hickson DA, Gjelsvik A, Eaton CB, Wyatt SB. Residential Proximity to Traffic-Related Pollution and Atherosclerosis in 4 Vascular Beds Among African-American Adults: Results From the Jackson Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:732-743. [PMID: 27789446 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, no study has investigated the association of long-term exposure to traffic pollution with markers of atherosclerosis in 4 vascular beds simultaneously in an all-African-American cohort. Among participants in the Jackson Heart Study (Jackson, Mississippi; baseline mean age = 55.5 (standard deviation, 12.7) years), we used linear regression to estimate percent differences in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) at baseline (2004) and used modified Poisson regression (robust error variance) to estimate prevalence ratios for peripheral artery disease (PAD), coronary artery calcification (CAC), and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) at the first follow-up visit (2005-2008) for persons living less than 150 m (versus more than 300 m) from major roadways, adjusting for confounders. Living less than 150 m from such roadways was associated with a significant 6.67% (95% confidence interval: 1.28, 12.35) increase in CIMT (4,800 participants). PAD prevalence among persons living less than 150 m from a major roadway was 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 0.73, 1.86) times that of persons living more than 300 m away (4,443 participants), but this result was not statistically significant. There was no association for CAC or AAC. The association with CIMT was stronger in participants with a cardiovascular disease history than in those without one (P = 0.04). We observed an association in the carotid vascular beds but not the coronary, abdominal, or peripheral vascular beds. Our results highlight the need to consider residential proximity to roadways as a potential cardiovascular disease risk factor for blacks.
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Zhang Z, Laden F, Forman JP, Hart JE. Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and Self-Reported Hypertension: A Prospective Analysis in the Nurses' Health Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1414-20. [PMID: 27177127 PMCID: PMC5010392 DOI: 10.1289/ehp163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested associations between elevated blood pressure and short-term air pollution exposures, but the evidence is mixed regarding long-term exposures on incidence of hypertension. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of hypertension incidence with long-term residential exposures to ambient particulate matter (PM) and residential distance to roadway. METHODS We estimated 24-month and cumulative average exposures to PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 and residential distance to road for women participating in the prospective nationwide Nurses' Health Study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for incident hypertension from 1988 to 2008 using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders. We considered effect modification by age, diet, diabetes, obesity, region, and latitude. RESULTS Among 74,880 participants, 36,812 incident cases of hypertension were observed during 960,041 person-years. In multivariable models, 10-μg/m3 increases in 24-month average PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 were associated with small increases in the incidence of hypertension (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.04; HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07; and HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.07, respectively). Associations were stronger among women < 65 years of age (HR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06; HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12; and HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.09, respectively) and the obese (HR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.12; HR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.23; and HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.19, respectively), with p-values for interaction < 0.05 for all models except age and PM2.5-10. There was no association with roadway proximity. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to particulate matter was associated with small increases in risk of incident hypertension, particularly among younger women and the obese. CITATION Zhang Z, Laden F, Forman JP, Hart JE. 2016. Long-term exposure to particulate matter and self-reported hypertension: a prospective analysis in the Nurses' Health Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1414-1420; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, and
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, and
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John P. Forman
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, and
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Residential Proximity to Major Roadways Is Not Associated with Cardiac Function in African Americans: Results from the Jackson Heart Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13060581. [PMID: 27304962 PMCID: PMC4924038 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13060581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including heart failure, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among African Americans. Exposure to ambient air pollution, such as that produced by vehicular traffic, is believed to be associated with heart failure, possibly by impairing cardiac function. We evaluated the cross-sectional association between residential proximity to major roads, a marker of long-term exposure to traffic-related pollution, and echocardiographic indicators of left and pulmonary vascular function in African Americans enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS): left ventricular ejection fraction, E-wave velocity, isovolumic relaxation time, left atrial diameter index, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure. We examined these associations using multivariable linear or logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Of 4866 participants at study enrollment, 106 lived <150 m, 159 lived 150–299 m, 1161 lived 300–999 m, and 3440 lived ≥1000 m from a major roadway. We did not observe any associations between residential distance to major roads and these markers of cardiac function. Results were similar with additional adjustment for diabetes and hypertension, when considering varying definitions of major roadways, or when limiting analyses to those free from cardiovascular disease at baseline. Overall, we observed little evidence that residential proximity to major roads was associated with cardiac function among African Americans.
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Abstract
Environmental exposure is an important but underappreciated risk factor contributing to the development and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The heart and vascular system are highly vulnerable to a number of environmental agents--ambient air pollution and the metals arsenic, cadmium, and lead are widespread and the most-extensively studied. Like traditional risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes mellitus, these exposures advance disease and mortality via augmentation or initiation of pathophysiological processes associated with CVD, including blood-pressure control, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, vascular function, and atherogenesis. Although residence in highly polluted areas is associated with high levels of cardiovascular risk, adverse effects on cardiovascular health also occur at exposure levels below current regulatory standards. Considering the widespread prevalence of exposure, even modest contributions to CVD risk can have a substantial effect on population health. Evidence-based clinical and public-health strategies aimed at reducing environmental exposures from current levels could substantially lower the burden of CVD-related death and disability worldwide.
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Kingsley SL, Eliot MN, Whitsel EA, Wang Y, Coull BA, Hou L, Margolis HG, Margolis KL, Mu L, Wu WCC, Johnson KC, Allison MA, Manson JE, Eaton CB, Wellenius GA. Residential proximity to major roadways and incident hypertension in post-menopausal women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:522-8. [PMID: 26282224 PMCID: PMC4609282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Living near major roadways has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, presumably from exposure to elevated levels of traffic-related air and/or noise pollution. This association may potentially be mediated through increased risk of incident hypertension, but results from prior studies are equivocal. Using Cox proportional hazards models we examined residential proximity to major roadways and incident hypertension among 38,360 participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Clinical Trial cohorts free of hypertension at enrollment and followed for a median of 7.9 years. Adjusting for participant demographics and lifestyle, trial participation, and markers of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status, the hazard ratios for incident hypertension were 1.13 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.28), 1.03 (0.95, 1.11), 1.05 (0.99, 1.11), and 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) for participants living ≤50, >50-200, >200-400, and >400-1000 m vs >1000 m from the nearest major roadway, respectively (ptrend=0.013). This association varied substantially by WHI study region with hazard ratios for women living ≤50 m from a major roadway of 1.61 (1.18, 2.20) in the West, 1.51 (1.22, 1.87) in the Northeast, 0.89 (0.70, 1.14) in the South, and 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) in the Midwest. In this large, national cohort of post-menopausal women, residential proximity to major roadways was associated with incident hypertension in selected regions of the U.S. If causal, these results suggest residential proximity to major roadways, as a marker for air, noise and other traffic-related pollution, may be a risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Kingsley
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa N Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Helene G Margolis
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen L Margolis
- Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Wen-Chih C Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
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