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Guo F, Chen X, Niu Z, Karim R, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Yan M, Whitfield L, Li Y, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Hodis HN, Farzan SF. Carotid Artery Wall Echogenicity Measured by Gray Scale Median of the Intima-Media Complex From Childhood to Young Adulthood. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034821. [PMID: 39101497 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echogenicity of the carotid arterial wall, measured by gray scale median of the intima-media complex (IM-GSM), is a novel subclinical atherosclerosis marker with lower values indicating greater lipid deposition. Our longitudinal study investigated IM-GSM from childhood to adulthood and its associated risk factors. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 240 participants from the Southern California CHS (Children's Health Study) underwent carotid artery ultrasounds in 2008 (mean age±SD): (11.2±0.6 years), and again around 2022 (24.2±1.6 years) to assess IM-GSM, carotid artery intima-media thickness, and carotid artery distensibility. Questionnaires and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were completed by participants at both times. Mean and SD of IM-GSM were 108.2±24.6 in childhood and 75.6±15.8 in adulthood. Each 1-year increase in age was associated with -2.52 change in IM-GSM (95% CI, -2.76 to -2.27). Childhood and adulthood IM-GSMs were highly correlated (β=0.13 [95% CI, 0.05-0.22]). In childhood, Hispanic ethnicity, lower parental education levels and prenatal father smoking were significantly associated with lower IM-GSM. In adulthood, higher systolic blood pressure, carotid artery intima-media thickness, hypertension, and lower distensibility were significantly associated with lower IM-GSM. Weight status exhibited a consistent association with both childhood and adulthood IM-GSM. During the transition from childhood to adulthood, individuals who shifted from normal weight to overweight/obese or normal blood pressure to hypertension or experienced an increase in carotid artery intima-media thickness displayed lower levels of IM-GSM in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS IM-GSM decreases with age. Maintaining healthy weight and blood pressure levels in children could potentially aid in preventing subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Guo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Roksana Karim
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Lora Whitfield
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Yanjie Li
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
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Guo F, Chen X, Howland S, Maldonado LE, Powell S, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Yan M, Whitfield L, Li Y, Bastain TM, Breton CV, Hodis HN, Farzan SF. Association Between Cardiovascular Health and Subclinical Atherosclerosis Among Young Adults Using the American Heart Association's "Life's Essential 8" Metrics. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033990. [PMID: 39077816 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association of American Heart Association's cardiovascular health guidelines Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and Life's Simple 7 (LS7) with carotid artery outcomes among young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 240 young adults (age 24.2±1.6 years) who underwent a carotid ultrasound between 2018 and 2022. LE8 score was calculated from 4 health factors (body mass index, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose, and blood pressure), and 4 health behaviors (dietary intake, physical activity, tobacco use, and sleep). LS7 was calculated from 7 metrics (all LE8 metrics, except for sleep) with a simpler algorithm. Higher LE8 and LS7 scores both indicate better health and better adherence to American Heart Association guidelines. Carotid artery outcomes included carotid artery intima-media thickness, arterial stiffness (eg, distensibility), and echogenicity determined by grayscale median of the intima media complex. Results of linear regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and parents' highest degree, indicated that a 1-SD increase in LE8 score was associated with 12.14 μm lower carotid artery intima-media thickness (95% CI, -20.93 to 3.35), 1.17 (10-6×m2/N) greater distensibility (95% CI, 0.09-2.24), suggesting less arterial stiffness, and 2.66 μm greater grayscale median of the intima media complex (95% CI, 0.58-4.75), suggesting less lipid deposition. Analyses using LS7 score demonstrated comparable findings. Health factor metrics demonstrated stronger association with carotid artery outcomes, as compared with behavior metrics. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the American Heart Association's cardiovascular health guidelines is associated with lower risk for subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. LE8 and LS7 demonstrated comparable associations with carotid artery outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Guo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Steve Howland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Luis E Maldonado
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Sydney Powell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Lora Whitfield
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Yanjie Li
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Theresa M Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Carrie V Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
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Ghaderian M, Ahmadi A, Navabfar N, Sabri MR, Dehghan B, Mahdavi C. Investigation of flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) and comparison with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2024; 20:1-8. [PMID: 39165852 PMCID: PMC11331552 DOI: 10.48305/arya.2023.42047.2917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high mortality rate in cyanotic patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to cardiovascular complications. The cardiovascular prognosis is negatively affected by endothelium dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, and impaired vascular system. This study aimed to determine carotid intimal mean thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in a group of children with cyanotic CHD (CCHD). METHODS FMD and CIMT were evaluated for 45 children with CHKD and 38 patients who did not have CHKD over the period 2021 to 2022, as part of this case-control study. In terms of age and gender, the case group has been compared to controls. RESULTS Men accounted for 61.3% of the participants, with a mean standard deviation age of 7.8 5.39 years. In subjects with CCHD, CIMT increased non-significantly and FMD decreased significantly, but systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in patients than in the healthy group. (P=0.003). CONCLUSION FMD was reduced in children with CCHD, but in controls, systolic blood pressure and CIMT were lower. The risk of developing atherosclerosis in CCHD patients may be increased by an increase in CIMT and systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghaderian
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Narges Navabfar
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabri
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahar Dehghan
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Chehreh Mahdavi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jigoranu RA, Roca M, Costache AD, Mitu O, Oancea AF, Miftode RS, Haba MȘC, Botnariu EG, Maștaleru A, Gavril RS, Trandabat BA, Chirica SI, Haba RM, Leon MM, Costache II, Mitu F. Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerotic Disease: Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 37629496 PMCID: PMC10455542 DOI: 10.3390/life13081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern with a growing incidence worldwide. It is directly linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and to major adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we try to assess the potential diagnostic role of biomarkers in the early identification of patients susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis and other adverse cardiovascular events. We have collected publications concerning already established parameters, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as newer markers, e.g., apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the ratio between apoB and apoA. Additionally, given the inflammatory nature of the development of atherosclerosis, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) are also discussed. Additionally, newer publications on other emerging components linked to atherosclerosis were considered in the context of patient evaluation. Apart from the already in-use markers (e.g., LDL-C), emerging research highlights the potential of newer molecules in optimizing the diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease in earlier stages. After further studies, they might be fully implemented in the screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul-Alexandru Jigoranu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florinel Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Stefan Miftode
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eosefina Gina Botnariu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Sebastian Gavril
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Andrei Trandabat
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Ioana Chirica
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Raluca Maria Haba
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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Åberg M, Robertson J, Djekic D, Rosengren A, Schaufelberger M, Kuhn G, Åberg ND, Schiöler L, Lindgren M. Body Weight in Adolescent Men in Sweden and Risk of an Early Acute Coronary Event: A Prospective Population-Based Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023:e029336. [PMID: 37301742 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease remains the dominant cause of death worldwide. To improve cardiovascular disease prevention, knowledge of early key risk factors, especially those that are modifiable, is essential. The ongoing global obesity epidemic is of particular concern. We aimed to determine whether body mass index at conscription predicts early acute coronary events among men in Sweden. Methods and Results This was a population-based Swedish cohort study of conscripts (n=1 668 921; mean age, 18.3 years; 1968-2005), with follow-up through linkage to the nationwide Swedish patient and death registries. Risk of a first acute coronary event (hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or coronary death) during follow-up (1-48 years) was calculated with generalized additive models. Objective baseline measures of fitness and cognition were included in the models in secondary analyses. During follow-up, there were 51 779 acute coronary events, of which 6457 (12.5%) were fatal within 30 days. Compared with men at the lowest end of the normal body mass index spectrum (body mass index, 18.5 kg/m2), an increasing risk for a first acute coronary event was observed, with hazard ratios (HRs) peaking at 40 years of age. After multivariable adjustments, men with a body mass index of 35 kg/m2 had an HR of 4.84 (95% CI, 4.29-5.46) for an event before the age of 40 years. Conclusions An increased risk of an early acute coronary event was detectable within normal levels of body weight at the age of 18 years, increasing to almost 5-fold in the highest weight category at 40 years of age. Given increasing levels of body weight and prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults, the current decrease in coronary heart disease incidence in Sweden may flatten or even reverse in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Åberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Regionhälsan Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Josefina Robertson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Demir Djekic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Maria Schaufelberger
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Georg Kuhn
- Centre for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - N David Åberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Linus Schiöler
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Martin Lindgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics and Emergency Medicine, Cardiology Unit Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
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Ardissino M, Slob EAW, Carter P, Rogne T, Girling J, Burgess S, Ng FS. Sex-Specific Reproductive Factors Augment Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027933. [PMID: 36846989 PMCID: PMC10111460 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Observational studies suggest that reproductive factors are associated with cardiovascular disease, but these are liable to influence by residual confounding. This study explores the causal relevance of reproductive factors on cardiovascular disease in women using Mendelian randomization. Methods and Results Uncorrelated (r2<0.001), genome-wide significant (P<5×10-8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms were extracted from sex-specific genome-wide association studies of age at first birth, number of live births, age at menarche, and age at menopause. Inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization was used for primary analyses on outcomes of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and stroke. Earlier genetically predicted age at first birth increased risk of coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR] per year, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.28-1.74], P=3.72×10-7) heart failure (OR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.06-1.53], P=0.009), and stroke (OR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.00-1.56], P=0.048), with partial mediation through body mass index, type 2 diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol traits. Higher genetically predicted number of live births increased risk of atrial fibrillation (OR for <2, versus 2, versus >2 live births, 2.91 [95% CI, 1.16-7.29], P=0.023), heart failure (OR, 1.90 [95% CI, 1.28-2.82], P=0.001), ischemic stroke (OR, 1.86 [95% CI, 1.03-3.37], P=0.039), and stroke (OR, 2.07 [95% CI, 1.22-3.52], P=0.007). Earlier genetically predicted age at menarche increased risk of coronary artery disease (OR per year, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.06-1.14], P=1.68×10-6) and heart failure (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.07-1.17], P=5.06×10-7); both associations were at least partly mediated by body mass index. Conclusions These results support a causal role of a number of reproductive factors on cardiovascular disease in women and identify multiple modifiable mediators amenable to clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Ardissino
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Eric A. W. Slob
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of EconomicsErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Carter
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tormod Rogne
- Department of Chronic Disease EpidemiologyYale School of Public HealthNew HavenCT
- Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Centre for Fertility and HealthNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Joanna Girling
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyChelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Carotid wall echogenicity at baseline associates with accelerated vascular aging in a middle-aged population. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:575-583. [PMID: 36680684 PMCID: PMC9947053 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic echolucent carotid intima-media (IM) complex and accelerated progression of carotid intima mediathickness (cIMT) have both separately been shown to predict future cardiovascular events. The aim of this studywas to evaluate if the echogenicity of the IM-complex is associated with the 3-year progression of cIMT. B-modeultrasound images captured at baseline and 3-year follow-up in the 'Visualization of asymptomatic atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention' (VIPVIZA) trial were included (n: 3154). The bilateral mean cIMT and IM-echogenicity by greyscale median (GSM) were measured in the common carotid artery. Associations between IM-GSM at baseline and the 3-year cIMT progression were investigated using linear regression models for the whole population and stratified by sex, age and VIPVIZA study group (intervention versus control). In addition, adjusted analyses for confounding factors were performed. Unadjusted analysis showed that decreased IM-GSM at baseline was associated with increased progression of cIMT (p < 0.001). Stratified by age, the association was significant among 40 (p < 0.001) and 60 years old (p < 0.001). The association was statistically significant in both sexes and on comparison of VIPVIZA study subgroups. Adjustments for confounding factors did not alter the estimated relationship between IM-GSM and cIMT progression. Echolucent carotid intima media at baseline associates with increased 3-year cIMT progression among an asymptomatic, middle-aged population. Echogenicity of the intima media may identify individuals at risk for accelerated vascular aging.
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Della-Morte D, Dong C, Crisby M, Gardener H, Cabral D, Elkind MSV, Gutierrez J, Sacco RL, Rundek T. Association of Carotid Plaque Morphology and Glycemic and Lipid Parameters in the Northern Manhattan Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:793755. [PMID: 35141303 PMCID: PMC8818735 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.793755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low Gray-Scale Median (GSM) index is an ultrasonographic parameter of soft, lipid rich plaque morphology that has been associated with stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to explore the contribution of the modifiable and not-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) to vulnerable plaque morphology measured by the low GSM index. A total of 1,030 stroke-free community dwelling individuals with carotid plaques present (mean age, 71.8 ± 9.1; 58% women; 56% Hispanic, 20% Non-Hispanic Black, 22% Non-Hispanic White) were assessed for minimum GSM (min GSM) using high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between RFs and minGSM after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Within an individual, median plaque number was 2 (IQR: 1–3) and mean plaque number 2.3 (SD: 1.4). Mean minGSM was 78.4 ± 28.7 (IQR: 56–96), 76.3 ± 28.8 in men and 80 ± 28.5 in women; 78.7 ± 29.3 in Hispanics participants, 78.5 ± 27.2 in Non-Hispanic Black participants, and 78.2 ± 29 in Non-Hispanic white participants. In multivariable adjusted model, male sex (β = −5.78, p = 0.007), obesity BMI (β = −6.92, p = 0.01), and greater levels of fasting glucose (β = −8.02, p = 0.02) and LDL dyslipidemia (β = −6.64, p = 0.005) were positively associated with lower minGSM, while presence of glucose lowering medication resulted in a significant inverse association (β = 7.68, p = 0.04). Interaction (with p for interaction <0.1) and stratification analyses showed that effect of age on minGSM was stronger in men (β = −0.44, p = 0.03) than in women (β = −0.20, p = 0.18), and in individuals not taking glucose lowering medication (β = −0.33, p = 0.009). Our study has demonstrated an important contribution of glycemic and lipid metabolism to vulnerable, low density or echolucent plaque morphology, especially among men and suggested that use of glucose lowering medication was associated with more fibrose-stable plaque phenotype (greater GSM). Further research is needed to evaluate effects of medical therapies in individuals with vulnerable, low density, non-stenotic carotid plaques and how these effects translate to prevention of cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: David Della-Morte
| | - Chuanhui Dong
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Milita Crisby
- Department of Neurobiology, Karolinska Institute, Care Sciences and Society, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannah Gardener
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Digna Cabral
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mitchell S. V. Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ralph L. Sacco
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tatjana Rundek
- Department of Neurology, The Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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Pechlaner R, Friedrich N, Staudt A, Gande N, Bernar B, Stock K, Kiechl SJ, Hochmayr C, Griesmacher A, Petersmann A, Budde K, Stuppner H, Sturm S, Dörr M, Schminke U, Cannet C, Fang F, Schäfer H, Spraul M, Geiger R, Mayr M, Nauck M, Kiechl S, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Knoflach M. Association of adolescent lipoprotein subclass profile with carotid intima-media thickness and comparison to adults: Prospective population-based cohort studies. Atherosclerosis 2021; 341:34-42. [PMID: 34995985 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessment of comprehensive lipoprotein subclass profiles in adolescents and their relation to vascular disease may enhance our understanding of the development of dyslipidemia in early life and inform early vascular prevention. METHODS Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to measure lipoprotein profiles, including lipids (cholesterol, free cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) and apolipoproteins (apoB-100, apoA1, apoA2) of 17 lipoprotein subclasses (from least dense to densest: VLDL-1 to -6, IDL, LDL-1 to -6, HDL-1 to -4) in n = 1776 14- to 19-year olds (56.6% female) and n = 3027 25- to 85-year olds (51.5% female), all community-dwelling. Lipoprotein profiles were related to carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as ascertained by sonography. RESULTS Adolescents compared to adults had lower triglycerides, total, LDL, and non-HDL cholesterol, and apoB, and higher HDL cholesterol. They showed 26.6-59.8% lower triglyceride content of all lipoprotein subclasses and 21.9-51.4% lower VLDL lipid content. Concentrations of dense LDL-4 to LDL-6 were 36.7-40.2% lower, with also markedly lower levels of LDL-1 to LDL-3, but 24.2% higher HDL-1 ApoA1. In adolescents, only LDL-3 to LDL-5 subclasses were associated with cIMT (range of differences in cIMT for a 1-SD higher concentration, 4.8-5.9 μm). The same associations emerged in adults, with on average 97 ± 42% (mean ± SD) larger effect sizes, in addition to LDL-1 and LDL-6 (range, 6.9-11.3 μm) and HDL-2 to HDL-4, ApoA1, and ApoA2 (range, -7.0 to -17.7 μm). CONCLUSIONS Adolescents showed a markedly different and more favorable lipoprotein profile compared to adults. Dense LDL subclasses were the only subclasses associated with cIMT in adolescents, implicating them as the potential preferred therapeutic target for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease at this age. In adults, associations with cIMT were approximately twice as large as in adolescents, and HDL-related measures were additionally associated with cIMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anna Staudt
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nina Gande
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benoît Bernar
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Stock
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia J Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; VASCage, Research Centre for Promoting Vascular Health in the Ageing Community, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Hochmayr
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Astrid Petersmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Oldenburg, Rahel-Strauss-Straße 10, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Budde
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Sturm
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marcus Dörr
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ulf Schminke
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claire Cannet
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Fang Fang
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schäfer
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Manfred Spraul
- Bruker BioSpin, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Ln, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; VASCage, Research Centre for Promoting Vascular Health in the Ageing Community, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Christoph-Probst-Platz 1, Innrain 52 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Kiechl SJ, Staudt A, Stock K, Gande N, Bernar B, Hochmayr C, Winder B, Geiger R, Griesmacher A, Anliker M, Kiechl S, Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer U, Knoflach M, Pechlaner R. Predictors of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in Adolescents-The EVA-Tyrol Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020233. [PMID: 34482715 PMCID: PMC8649517 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease depends on the duration and time course of risk factor exposure. Previous reports on risk factors of progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in the young were mostly restricted to high-risk populations or susceptible to certain types of bias. We aimed to unravel a risk factor signature for early vessel pathology based on repeated ultrasound assessments of the carotid arteries in the general population. Methods and Results Risk factors were assessed in 956 adolescents sampled from the general population with a mean age of 15.8±0.9 years, 56.2% of whom were female. cIMT was measured at baseline and on average 22.5±3.4 months later by high-resolution ultrasound. Effects of baseline risk factors on cIMT progression were investigated using linear mixed models with multivariable adjustment for potential confounders, which yielded significant associations (given as increase in cIMT for a 1-SD higher baseline level) for alanine transaminase (5.5 μm; 95% CI: 1.5-9.5), systolic blood pressure (4.7 μm; 0.3-9.2), arterial hypertension (9.5 μm, 0.2-18.7), and non-high-density (4.5 μm; 0.7-8.4) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.3 μm; 0.5-8.1). Conclusions Systolic blood pressure, arterial hypertension, low-density and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alanine transaminase predicted cIMT progression in adolescents, even though risk factor levels were predominantly within established reference ranges. These findings reemphasize the necessity to initiate prevention early in life and challenge the current focus of guideline recommendations on high-risk youngsters. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03929692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J. Kiechl
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,VASCageResearch Centre on Vascular Ageing and StrokeInnsbruckAustria
| | - Anna Staudt
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Katharina Stock
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Department of Pediatrics IIIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Nina Gande
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Benoît Bernar
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Department of Pediatrics IMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christoph Hochmayr
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Bernhard Winder
- Department of Pediatrics IIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,VASCageResearch Centre on Vascular Ageing and StrokeInnsbruckAustria
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Pediatrics IIIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Markus Anliker
- Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,VASCageResearch Centre on Vascular Ageing and StrokeInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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11
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Varghese DS, Ali BR. Pathological Crosstalk Between Oxidized LDL and ER Stress in Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674103. [PMID: 34124059 PMCID: PMC8187772 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative modification of the major cholesterol carrying lipoprotein, oxLDL, is a biomarker as well as a pathological factor in cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and other metabolic diseases. Perturbed cellular homeostasis due to physiological, pathological and pharmacological factors hinder the proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is the major hub for protein folding and processing, lipid biosynthesis and calcium storage, thereby leading to ER stress. The cellular response to ER stress is marked by a defensive mechanism called unfolded protein response (UPR), wherein the cell adapts strategies that favor survival. Under conditions of excessive ER stress, when the survival mechanisms fail to restore balance, UPR switches to apoptosis and eliminates the defective cells. ER stress is a major hallmark in metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Though the pathological link between oxLDL and ER stress in cardiovascular diseases is well-documented, its involvement in other diseases is still largely unexplored. This review provides a deep insight into the common mechanisms in the pathogenicity of diseases involving oxLDL and ER stress as key players. In addition, the potential therapeutic intervention of the targets implicated in the pathogenic processes are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Saro Varghese
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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12
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The Napkin-Ring Sign – the Story Behind Invasive Coronary Angiography. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across Europe. Most of the patients do not experience any warning sign before the coronary event develops, therefore screening this group of patients is essential to prevent major cardiac events. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) offers a noninvasive approach of the coronary arteries, providing information not only on the presence and severity of the coronary stenosis, but is also able to characterize the structure of the coronary wall. CCTA allows complex evaluation of the extension of CAD, and by assessing the structure of the atherosclerotic plaque, it can identify its degree of vulnerability. The napkin-ring sign (NRS) represents a ring-like attenuation of the non-calcified portion of the coronary lesion and has a high specificity (96–100%) for the identification of thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) or culprit lesion in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). It is also an independent predictor for ACS events and the strongest predictor for future ACS. Modern CCTA can provide submillimeter isotropic spatial resolution. Thus, CT attenuation-based tissue interpretation enables the assessment of total coronary plaque burden and individual plaque components, with a similar accuracy as intravascular ultrasoud-based investigations. This review aims to present the important role of CCTA as a potent screening tool for patients with CAD, and the current evidences in the detection and quantification of vulnerable plaques.
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13
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Ahmadpour-B M, Nooraeen A, Tafazzoli-Shadpour M, Taghizadeh H. Contribution of atherosclerotic plaque location and severity to the near-wall hemodynamics of the carotid bifurcation: an experimental study and FSI modeling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2021; 20:1069-1085. [PMID: 33609192 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial injury that is related to abnormal values of hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and stress phase angle (SPA), which are more common in arterial bifurcations due to the complex structure. An experimental model of human carotid bifurcation with accurate geometrical and mechanical features was set up, and using realistic pulsatile flow rates, the inlet and outlet pressure pulses were measured for normal and stenosed models with 40% and 80% severities at common carotid (CCA), internal carotid (ICA) and external carotid (ECA) arteries. Based on the obtained experimental data, fluid-structure models were developed to obtain WSS, OSI, and SPA and evaluate pathological consequences at different locations. Mild severity had minor impact, however, inducing severe 80% stenosis in each branch led to considerable localized changes of hemodynamic parameters both in the stenosis site and other locations. This included sharp increases in WSS values accompanied by very low values close to zero before and after the peaks. Severe stenosis not only caused significant changes in the local artery, but also in other branches. OSI and SPA were less sensitive to stenosis, although high peaks were observed on bifurcation site for the stenosis at ECA. The interconnection of arteries at carotid bifurcation results in altered pressure/flow patterns in all branches when a stenosis is applied in any site. Such effect confirms pathological findings that atherosclerotic plaques are observed simultaneously in different carotid branches, although with different degrees of plaque growth and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ahmadpour-B
- Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Nooraeen
- Tissue Mechanics Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Tafazzoli-Shadpour
- Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Taghizadeh
- Tissue Mechanics Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Staudt A, Stock K, Gande N, Bernar B, Hochmayr C, Pechlaner R, Kiechl SJ, Geiger R, Griesmacher A, Anliker M, Kiechl S, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Knoflach M, Winder B, Reiter C, Burger C, Klingenschmid J, Marxer J, Asare M, Bock-Bartl M, Kothmayer M, Bohl M, Pircher M. Impact of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors on early atherosclerosis in a large cohort of healthy adolescents: The Early Vascular Ageing (EVA)-Tyrol Study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 305:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Current Advances in the Diagnostic Imaging of Atherosclerosis: Insights into the Pathophysiology of Vulnerable Plaque. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082992. [PMID: 32340284 PMCID: PMC7216001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipoprotein-driven inflammatory disorder leading to a plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. After decades of slow progression, atherosclerotic plaque rupture and formation of thrombi are the major factors responsible for the development of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). In this regard, the detection of high-risk (vulnerable) plaques is an ultimate goal in the management of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Vulnerable plaques have specific morphological features that make their detection possible, hence allowing for identification of high-risk patients and the tailoring of therapy. Plaque ruptures predominantly occur amongst lesions characterized as thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA). Plaques without a rupture, such as plaque erosions, are also thrombi-forming lesions on the most frequent pathological intimal thickening or fibroatheromas. Many attempts to comprehensively identify vulnerable plaque constituents with different invasive and non-invasive imaging technologies have been made. In this review, advantages and limitations of invasive and non-invasive imaging modalities currently available for the identification of plaque components and morphologic features associated with plaque vulnerability, as well as their clinical diagnostic and prognostic value, were discussed.
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16
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Zhang L, Fan F, Qi L, Jia J, Yang Y, Li J, Zhang Y. The association between carotid intima-media thickness and new-onset hypertension in a Chinese community-based population. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:269. [PMID: 31775639 PMCID: PMC6882043 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1266-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and arterial vasculopathy may be mutual causes and effects. It is unknown whether carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is reliably predictive of the presence of newly developed hypertension in the Chinese population. This study evaluated the impacts of cIMT on new-onset hypertension in a community-based population without hypertension at baseline in China. METHODS A total of 672 Chinese subjects who had complete data for demographics, baseline and follow-up blood pressure measurements, and cIMT measurements at baseline were included in our study. Baseline cIMT was obtained under standardized procedures using the GE Vivid 7 ultrasound system equipped with an 8-MHz linear array vascular probe (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, Wl, USA). The outcome was the incidence of hypertension at follow-up. Multivariate regression models were used to access the association between baseline cIMT and the risk of new-onset hypertension. RESULTS Subjects were 51.5 ± 4.7 years old, and 32.0% were male. The mean baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 122.5 ± 10.0 mmHg. The mean baseline diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 72.4 ± 7.5 mmHg. The number of subjects with thickened cIMT (maximum ≥0.9 mm) at baseline was 198 (29.5%). After 2.3 years of follow-up, the rate of new-onset hypertension was 12.6%. The incidence rates of hypertension in the groups with thickened cIMT and normal cIMT were 19.2 and 9.9%, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression analyses, both the average (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.30-2.19, P = 0.0001) and maximum (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.23-1.95, P = 0.0002) cIMT were significantly associated with new-onset hypertension after adjustment for various confounders. The group with thickened cIMT showed a higher risk for the incidence of hypertension, with an OR of 1.82 (95% CI: 1.07-3.10, P = 0.0270), compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION Thickened cIMT has a strong association with incident hypertension risk in a community-based population without hypertension at baseline in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Litong Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku St, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
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MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225547. [PMID: 31703274 PMCID: PMC6887712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease that, despite advances in lifestyle management and drug therapy, remains to be the major cause of high morbidity and mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in industrialized countries. Therefore, there is a great need in reliable diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and effective treatment alternatives to reduce its burden. It was established that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules, can regulate the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level and, accordingly, coordinate the cellular protein expression. Thus, they are involved not only in cell-specific physiological functions but also in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human pathologies, including atherosclerosis. MiRNAs may be significant in the dysregulation that affects endothelial integrity, the function of vascular smooth muscle and inflammatory cells, and cellular cholesterol homeostasis that drives the initiation and growth of an atherosclerotic plaque. Besides, distinct expression patterns of several miRNAs are attributed to atherosclerotic and cardiovascular patients. In this article, the evidence indicating the multiple critical roles of miRNAs and their relevant molecular mechanisms related to atherosclerosis development and progression was reviewed. Moreover, the effects of miRNAs on atherosclerosis enabled to exploit them as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may lead to better management of atherosclerosis and CVDs.
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Mushenkova NV, Summerhill VI, Silaeva YY, Deykin AV, Orekhov AN. Modelling of atherosclerosis in genetically modified animals. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4614-4633. [PMID: 31497187 PMCID: PMC6731422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven, chronic inflammatory disease that leads to plaque formation at specific sites of the arterial tree. Being the common cause of many cardiovascular disorders, atherosclerosis makes a tremendous impact on morbidity and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in countries with higher income. Animal models of atherosclerosis are utilized as useful tools for studying the aetiology, pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis, thus, providing a valuable platform for the efficacy testing of different pharmacological therapies and validation of imaging techniques. To date, a large variety of models is available. Pathophysiological changes can be induced in animals by either an atherogenic diet or genetic manipulations. The discussion of advantages and disadvantages of some murine, rabbit and porcine genetic models currently available for the atherosclerosis research is the scope of the following review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CentreMoscow 121609, Russia
| | - Yulia Yu Silaeva
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexey V Deykin
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative CentreMoscow 121609, Russia
- Centre of Collective Usage, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences34/5 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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Summerhill VI, Grechko AV, Yet SF, Sobenin IA, Orekhov AN. The Atherogenic Role of Circulating Modified Lipids in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3561. [PMID: 31330845 PMCID: PMC6678182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in the arterial wall is a crucial event in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. Circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major source of lipids that accumulate in the atherosclerotic plaques. It was discovered that not all LDL is atherogenic. In the blood plasma of atherosclerotic patients, LDL particles are the subject of multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications that determine their atherogenicity. Desialylation is the primary and the most important atherogenic LDL modification followed by a cascade of other modifications that also increase blood atherogenicity. The enzyme trans-sialidase is responsible for the desialylation of LDL, therefore, its activity plays an important role in atherosclerosis development. Moreover, circulating modified LDL is associated with immune complexes that also have a strong atherogenic potential. Moreover, it was shown that antibodies to modified LDL are also atherogenic. The properties of modified LDL were described, and the strong evidence indicating that it is capable of inducing intracellular accumulation of lipids was presented. The accumulated evidence indicated that the molecular properties of modified LDL, including LDL-containing immune complexes can serve as the prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers and molecular targets for the development of anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha I Summerhill
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.
| | - Andrey V Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 14-3 Solyanka Street, Moscow 109240, Russia
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Igor A Sobenin
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15A 3-rd Cherepkovskaya Street, Moscow 121552, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia.
- Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, Moscow 117418, Russia.
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, Moscow 125315, Russia.
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Kaspar M, Baumgartner I, Staub D, Drexel H, Thalhammer C. Non-invasive ultrasound-based imaging of atherosclerosis. VASA 2018; 48:126-133. [PMID: 30324866 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of vascular damage in atherosclerosis and accurate assessment of cardiovascular risk factors are the basis for appropriate treatment strategies in cardiovascular medicine. The current review focuses on non-invasive ultrasound-based methods for imaging of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction is an accepted early manifestation of atherosclerosis. The most widely used technique to study endothelial function is non-invasive, flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery under high-resolution ultrasound imaging. Although an increased intima-media thickness value is associated with future cardiovascular events in several large population studies, systematic use is not recommended in clinical practice for risk assessment of individual persons. Carotid plaque analysis with grey-scale median, 3-D ultrasound or contrast-enhanced ultrasound are promising techniques for further scientific work in prevention and therapy of generalized atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Kaspar
- 1 University Clinic for Angiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Iris Baumgartner
- 1 University Clinic for Angiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Staub
- 2 Angiology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Drexel
- 1 University Clinic for Angiology, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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Peters SA, Woodward M. Women's reproductive factors and incident cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank. Heart 2018; 104:1069-1075. [PMID: 29335253 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that women's reproductive factors are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, findings are mixed. We assessed the relationship between reproductive factors and incident CVD in the UK Biobank. METHODS Between 2006 and 2010, the UK Biobank recruited over 500 000 participants aged 40-69 years across the UK. During 7 years of follow-up, 9054 incident cases of CVD (34% women), 5782 cases of coronary heart disease (CHD) (28% women), and 3489 cases of stroke (43% women) were recorded among 267 440 women and 215 088 men without a history of CVD at baseline. Cox regression models yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD, CHD and stroke associated with reproductive factors. RESULTS Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for CVD were 1.10 (1.01 to 1.30) for early menarche (<12 years), 0.97 (0.96 to 0.98) for each year increase in age at first birth, 1.04 (1.00 to 1.09) for each miscarriage, 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28) for each stillbirth, and 1.33 (1.19 to 1.49) for early menopause (<47 years). Hysterectomy without oophorectomy or with previous oophorectomy had adjusted HRs of 1.16 (1.06 to 1.28) and 2.30 (1.20 to 4.43) for CVD. Each additional child was associated with a HR for CVD of 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) in women and 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05) in men. CONCLUSIONS Early menarche, early menopause, earlier age at first birth, and a history of miscarriage, stillbirth or hysterectomy were each independently associated with a higher risk of CVD in later life. The relationship between the number of children and incident CVD was similar for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Ae Peters
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark Woodward
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Collese TS, Nascimento-Ferreira MV, de Moraes ACF, Rendo-Urteaga T, Bel-Serrat S, Moreno LA, Carvalho HB. Role of fruits and vegetables in adolescent cardiovascular health: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:339-349. [PMID: 28475799 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Levels of fruit and vegetable consumption are low among adolescents, and the possible effect of this on cardiovascular health in this age group is undefined. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the potential role of fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescent cardiovascular health. Data Sources Six electronic databases (BioMed Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO) were searched from database inception to December 2015. Study Selection The search strategy used the following sets of descriptors: adolescents; fruits and vegetables; cardiovascular risk indicators; cross-sectional and cohort studies. Data Extraction Potentially eligible articles were selected independently by 2 reviewers. Results Eleven articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included (10 cross-sectional, 1 cohort). The main reasons for study exclusion (n = 71) were misclassification of individuals as adolescents, an unspecified outcome that was incongruent with the definitions provided, and assessment of fruits and vegetables as part of a food pattern. Articles evaluated fruit and vegetable intake (separately, together, only vegetables, or with fruit juice) in diverse units, using food frequency questionnaires, 24-hour dietary recalls, and food records. One-third of the studies showed significant inverse associations of fruit and vegetable intake with systolic blood pressure, abdominal obesity, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions The associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and indicators of cardiovascular risk in adolescents are inconsistent, likely because of heterogeneity in the methods used to assess and classify consumption and to define cardiovascular risk in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sadalla Collese
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcus Vinicius Nascimento-Ferreira
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Augusto César Ferreira de Moraes
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tara Rendo-Urteaga
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Silvia Bel-Serrat
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis A Moreno
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heráclito Barbosa Carvalho
- T.S. Collese, M.V. Nascimento-Ferreira, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, and H.B. Carvalho are with the YCARE (Youth/Child cArdiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. T.S. Collese, A.C. Ferreira de Moraes, T. Rendo-Urteaga, S. Bel-Serrat, and L.A. Moreno are with the GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain. S. Bel-Serrat is with the School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. L.A. Moreno is with the Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. A.C. Ferreira de Moraes is with the Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Circulating miR-92a expression level in patients with essential hypertension: a potential marker of atherosclerosis. J Hum Hypertens 2016; 31:200-205. [PMID: 27629245 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in all eukaryotic cells and have a vital role in the evolution of hypertension and cardiovascular remodelling and, therefore, have emerged as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. We assessed 240 participants, including 60 healthy volunteers with normal carotid intima-media thickness (nCIMT), 60 healthy volunteers with increased CIMT (iCIMT), 60 hypertensive patients with nCIMT and 60 hypertensive patients with iCIMT. All patients underwent measurements of CIMT, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Plasma miR-92a expression was quantified by real-time reverse transcription PCR. Correlations between miR-92a expression and BP parameters, CIMT and cfPWV were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. We observed the lowest miR-92a expression (24.59±1.30 vs 27.76±2.13 vs 29.29±1.89 vs 33.76±2.08; P<0.001) in healthy controls with nCIMT, followed by healthy controls with iCIMT, then hypertensive patients with nCIMT and the highest expression in hypertensive patients with iCIMT. Additionally, MiR-92a levels showed a significant positive correlation with 24-h mean systolic BP (r=0.807, P<0.001), 24-h mean diastolic BP (r=0.649, P<0.001), 24-h mean pulse pressure (PP) (r=0.697, P<0.001), 24-h daytime PP (r=0.654, P<0.001), 24-h nighttime PP (r=0.573, P<0.001), CIMT (r=0.571, P<0.001) and cfPWV (r=0.601, P<0.001). Our data present significant evidence that circulating miR-92a represents a potential noninvasive atherosclerosis marker in essential hypertensive patients.
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