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Meena D, Dib MJ, Huang J, Smith A, Huang J, Lota AS, Prasad SK, Gill D, Dehghan A, Tzoulaki I. Associations of genetically predicted vitamin D status and deficiency with the risk of carotid artery plaque: a Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14743. [PMID: 38926411 PMCID: PMC11208549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Low concentrations of circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D are observationally associated with an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, randomized controlled trials have not reported the beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) outcomes. Whether genetically predicted vitamin D status confers protection against the development of carotid artery plaque, a powerful predictor of subclinical atherosclerosis, remains unknown. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the association of genetically predicted vitamin D status and deficiency with the risk of developing carotid artery plaque. We leveraged three genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of vitamin D status and one GWAS of vitamin D deficiency. We used the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach as our main method, and MR-Egger, weighted-median, and radialMR as MR sensitivity analyses. We also conducted sensitivity analyses using biologically plausible genetic instruments located within genes encoding for vitamin D metabolism (GC, CYP2R1, DHCR7, CYP24A1). We did not find significant associations between genetically predicted vitamin D status (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, P = 0.91) and deficiency (OR = 1.00, P = 0.97) with the risk of carotid artery plaque. We additionally explored the potential causal effect of vitamin D status on coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), two additional markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, and we did not find any significant association (βCAC = - 0.14, P = 0.23; βcIMT = 0.005, P = 0.19). These findings did not support the causal effects of vitamin D status and deficiency on the risk of developing subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Meena
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie-Joe Dib
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jingxian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Amrit S Lota
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Sanjay K Prasad
- Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Dementia Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Fucile I, Mancusi C, Visco V, De Luca C, Ambrosino P, Bianco A, Ciccarelli M, Iaccarino G, Morisco C, De Luca N. Serum parathormone, vitamin D and cardiovascular risk factors and markers: A pilot study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0939-4753(24)00203-5. [PMID: 39069469 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vitamin D deficiency is a common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism, particularly in elderly people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of serum vitamin D and parathormone (PTH) concentrations with blood pressure values and hypertension-mediated target organ damage (HMOD), including left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and carotid plaque (CP). METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled consecutive patients admitted to the Hypertension Center of Federico II University Hospital in Naples, Italy. All patients underwent carotid doppler ultrasound and echocardiography, measurement of vitamin D and PTH levels and main clinical and laboratory parameters. A total of 126 patients (mean age 54 years, 68% males) were enrolled. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that PTH levels directly correlated with age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting glucose, and LV mass, and inversely with glomerular filtration rate, LDL cholesterol, and vitamin D. Vitamin D levels correlated inversely with PTH, diabetes and CP. Multivariate regression models indicated that an increased LV mass was associated with the presence of obesity (β = 0.342; P = 0.001). Maximal intima-media thickness was significantly associated with older age (β = 0.303; P = 0.033). Combined presence of low vitamin D/high PTH levels were associated with more than 4-fold increased risk of having CP in both univariate (OR = 4.77, p = 0.0001) and multivariate regression analysis (OR = 4.52, p = 0.014). CONCLUSION In a population at high cardiovascular risk, vitamin D and PTH levels were not directly associated with blood pressure values and HMOD. Secondary hyperparathyroidism due to vitamin D deficiency is associated with carotid atherosclerosis independently of other common cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Fucile
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Costantino Mancusi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy; Interdepartmental Center of Research on High Blood Pressure and Related Conditions "CIRIAPA", Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Visco
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine De Luca
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ambrosino
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Scientific Directorate of Telese Terme Institute, Italy
| | - Antonio Bianco
- Interdepartmental Center of Research on High Blood Pressure and Related Conditions "CIRIAPA", Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Interdepartmental Center of Research on High Blood Pressure and Related Conditions "CIRIAPA", Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola De Luca
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy; Interdepartmental Center of Research on High Blood Pressure and Related Conditions "CIRIAPA", Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Chen H, Qing T, Luo H, Yu M, Wang Y, Wei W, Xie Y, Yi X. Inflammation and endothelial function relevant genetic polymorphisms, carotid atherosclerosis, and vascular events in high-risk stroke population. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1405183. [PMID: 38827573 PMCID: PMC11144032 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1405183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify the associations of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in inflammation and endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis with subsequent ischemic stroke and other vascular events in the high-risk stroke population. Methods This was a multicenter community-based sectional survey and prospective cohort study in Sichuan, southwestern China. Eight communities were randomly selected, and the residents in each community were surveyed using a structured face-to-face questionnaire. Carotid ultrasonography and DNA information were obtained from 2,377 out of 2,893 individuals belonging to a high-risk stroke population. Genotypes of the 19 SNPs in genes involved in inflammation and endothelial function were measured. All the 2,377 subjects were followed up for 4.7 years after the face-to-face survey. The primary outcome was ischemic stroke, and the secondary outcome was a composite of vascular events. Results Among the 2,377 subjects, 2,205 (92.8%) completed a 4.7-year follow-up, 947 (42.9%) had carotid atherosclerosis [372 (16.9%) carotid vulnerable plaque, 405 (18.4%) mean IMT > 0.9 mm, 285 (12.0%) carotid stenosis ≥15%]. Outcomes occurred in 158 (7.2%) subjects [92 (4.2%) ischemic stroke, 17 (0.8%) hemorrhagic stroke, 48 (2.2%) myocardial infarction, and 26 (1.2%) death] during follow-up. There was a significant gene-gene interaction among ITGA2 rs1991013, IL1A rs1609682, and HABP2 rs7923349 in the 19 SNPs. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed that carotid atherosclerosis and the high-risk interactive genotypes among the three SNPs were independent with a higher risk for ischemic stroke (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.52-6.78, p = 0.004; and OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 2.12-9.27, p < 0.001, respectively) and composite vascular events (OR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.46-6.35, p < 0.001; and OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.97-8.52, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was shown to be very high in the high-risk stroke population. Specific SNPs, interactions among them, and carotid atherosclerosis were independently associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke and other vascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Qing
- Department of Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
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Cui P, Hou H, Song B, Xia Z, Xu Y. Vitamin D and ischemic stroke - Association, mechanisms, and therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102244. [PMID: 38395199 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Confronting the rising tide of ischemic stroke and its associated mortality and morbidity with ageing, prevention and acute management of ischemic stroke is of paramount importance. Mounting observational studies have established a non-linear association of vitamin D status with cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic stroke. Paradoxically, current clinical trials fail to demonstrate the cardiovascular benefits of vitamin D supplementation. We aim to update recent clinical and experimental findings on the role of vitamin D in the disease course of ischemic stroke, from its onset, progression, recovery, to recurrence, and the established and alternative possible pathophysiological mechanisms. This review justifies the necessities to address stroke etiological subtypes and focus on vitamin D-deficient subjects for investigating the potential of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic approach for ischemic stroke. Well-powered clinical trials are warranted to determine the efficacy, safety, timing, target individuals, optimal dosages, and target 25OHD concentrations of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Cui
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haiman Hou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, Translation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Rashid SA. Ultrasound Assessment of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Comparison between Diabetes and Nondiabetes Subjects, and Correlation with Serum Vitamin D. Radiol Res Pract 2024; 2024:7178920. [PMID: 38523880 PMCID: PMC10959580 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7178920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study was performed on two groups of adults (nondiabetes and type 2 diabetes) of various ages, sexes, and body mass index (BMI). CIMT for each side was measured at three segments using high-resolution ultrasound, and the mean of both sides was determined. Comparison was made between each group, and the association of CIMT with each of age, sex, BMI, serum vitamin D status, smoking, and physical activity status was studied. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical data, and binary logistic regression was utilized to ascertain the relationship between CIMT and the study variables. Results A significant difference was observed between the CIMT of the diabetes and nondiabetes group, average CIMT was 0.82 ± 0.23 mm vs. 1.12 ± 0.24 mm for the nondiabetes and diabetes group, respectively, with P value <0.005. No significant correlation was observed between serum vitamin D level and CIMT neither in the study group as a whole nor in either subgroup; however, a significant association was observed between CIMT with each of age, sex, BMI, smoking, and physical activity status. Conclusion Ultrasound is a sensitive tool for CIMT evaluation. Diabetes has a 5.4-fold higher risk of having high CIMT. Serum vitamin D level showed no significant influence on CIMT. Smoking, BMI, and physical activity are among the modifiable risk factors with significant influence on CIMT.
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Kamal K, Tewari J, Bharti V, Sharma D, Atam I, Atam V, Rana A, Roy S. Serum Vitamin D Level as a Risk Factor and Prognostic Marker for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Control Study at a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India. Cureus 2023; 15:e46117. [PMID: 37900424 PMCID: PMC10612136 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke is a predominant cause of death worldwide. Major risk factors for stroke in any age group are diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, smoking, and long-term alcohol abuse. It is of utmost importance to identify the risk factors for stroke to prevent recurrence. Vitamin D deficiency is identified as a risk factor for stroke. Therefore, we attempted to look for a correlation between vitamin D levels and acute ischemic stroke. Methods This observational case-control study was conducted with 150 patients (75 cases and 75 controls). On the day of admission, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was calculated, and vitamin D levels were measured for each patient. The functional outcome was determined by the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Results The most common risk factors identified in this study were hypertension (61.3%), diabetes mellitus (41.3%), and smoking (37.3%). Out of 75 patients enrolled in the study, 49.4% had significant vitamin D deficiency, and 30.6% had insufficient vitamin D levels. Our study showed a significant correlation between vitamin D sufficiency in the body and the incidence of stroke (x2=3.888 and p=0.048). A significant correlation (p=0.03) was found between the NIHSS score and vitamin D levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion In this observational case-control study, we concluded that the increasing severity of vitamin D deficiency was associated with more deaths and poor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kislaya Kamal
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Jay Tewari
- Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Vipin Bharti
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Isha Atam
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Virendra Atam
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Anadika Rana
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Shubhajeet Roy
- Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Xie Y, Yu M, Qing T, Luo H, Shao M, Wei W, Yi X. Variants in genes related to inflammation and endothelial function can increase the risk for carotid atherosclerosis in southwestern China. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1174425. [PMID: 37292135 PMCID: PMC10244594 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1174425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the potential association between polymorphisms in genes involved in endothelial function, inflammation and carotid atherosclerosis. Methods This was a three-center, population-based sectional survey conducted in Sichuan province of southwestern China. We randomly selected 8 different communities in Sichuan, and the residents in each community volunteered to participate in the survey by face-to-face questionnaire. A total of 2,377 residents with high stroke risk population in the 8 communities were included. Carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid ultrasound, and the 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 10 endothelial function as well as inflammation relevant genes were measured in the high stroke risk population. Carotid atherosclerosis was defined by the presence of carotid plaque or any carotid stenosis ≥15% or mean intima-media thickness (IMT) > 0.9 mm. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) approach was used to analyze gene-gene interactions among the 19 SNPs. Results Among the 2,377 subjects with high stroke risk, 1,028 subjects had carotid atherosclerosis (43.2%), of which 852 (35.8%) cases had carotid plaque, 295 (12.4%) cases had ≥15% carotid stenosis, whereas 445 (18.7%) had mean IMT > 0.9 mm. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that IL1A rs1609682 TT and HABP2 rs7923349 TT served as independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis (OR, 1.45, 95% CI: 1.034-2.032, p = 0.031, and OR, 1.829, 95% CI: 1.228-2.723, p = 0.003). GMDR analysis indicated that there was a significant gene-gene interaction found among IL1A rs1609682, ITGA2 rs1991013, and HABP2 rs7923349. After adjusting the covariates, the high-risk interactive genotypes in the 3 variants were significantly associated with a significantly higher risk for carotid atherosclerosis (OR, 2.08, 95% CI: 1.257-5.98, p < 0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was observed to be extremely high in the high-risk stroke population in southwestern China. There were associations observed between the specific variants in inflammation and endothelial function relevant genes and carotid atherosclerosis. The high-risk interactive genotypes among IL1A rs1609682, ITGA2 rs1991013, and HABP2 rs7923349 significantly increased the risk of carotid atherosclerosis. These results are expected to provide novel strategies for the prevention of carotid atherosclerosis. The gene-gene interactive analysis used in this study may be very helpful to elucidate complex genetic risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Qing
- Department of Neurology, The Second People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Minjie Shao
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingyang Yi
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
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Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020334. [PMID: 36678205 PMCID: PMC9864832 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in vitamin D (VitD), a lipid-soluble vitamin and steroid hormone, affects approximately 24% to 40% of the population of the Western world. In addition to its well-documented effects on the musculoskeletal system, VitD also contributes importantly to the promotion and preservation of cardiovascular health via modulating the immune and inflammatory functions and regulating cell proliferation and migration, endothelial function, renin expression, and extracellular matrix homeostasis. This brief overview focuses on the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular effects of VitD and the cellular, molecular, and functional changes that occur in the circulatory system in VitD deficiency (VDD). It explores the links among VDD and adverse vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and increased risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Improved understanding of the complex role of VDD in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and vascular cognitive impairment is crucial for all cardiologists, dietitians, and geriatricians, as VDD presents an easy target for intervention.
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Li G, Jing P, Chen G, Mei J, Miao J, Sun W, Lan Y, Zhao X, Qiu X, Zhu Z, Zhu S. Development and Validation of 3-Month Major Post-Stroke Depression Prediction Nomogram After Acute Ischemic Stroke Onset. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1439-1447. [PMID: 34335022 PMCID: PMC8318664 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s318857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The early detection of major post-stroke depression (PSD) is essential to optimize patient care. A major PSD prediction tool needs to be developed and validated for early screening of major PSD patients. Patients and Methods A total of 639 acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients from three hospitals were consecutively recruited and completed a 3-month follow-up. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory test data were collected on admission. With major depression criteria being met in the DSM-V, 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale For Depression (HRSD) score ≥17 at 3 months after stroke onset was regarded as the primary endpoint. Multiple imputation was used to substitute the missing values and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to determine associated factors with a bootstrap backward selection process. The nomogram was constructed based on the regression coefficients of the associated factors. Performance of the nomogram was assessed by discrimination (C-statistics) and calibration curve. Results A total of 7.04% (45/639) of patients were diagnosed with major PSD at 3 months. The final logistic regression model included age, baseline NIHSS and mRS scores, educational level, calcium-phosphorus product, history of hypertension and atrial fibrillation. The model had acceptable discrimination, based on a C-statistic of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.791-0.829), with 71.1% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity. We also transformed the model to a nomogram, an easy-to-use clinical tool which could be used to facilitate the early screening of major PSD patients at 3 months. Conclusion We identified several associated factors of major PSD at 3 months and constructed a convenient nomogram to guide follow-up and aid accurate prognostic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jing
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Mei
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhe Sun
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Suiqiang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
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Bishnoi S, Gombar S, Ahuja V, Bhardwaj N, Kaur J. Vitamin D levels of anesthesiologists working in tertiary care hospital of South Asian country: An observational study. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2021; 37:237-242. [PMID: 34349373 PMCID: PMC8289653 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_310_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is now emerging as a major global health problem. Doctors spend most of their time indoors and hence, have very low sun exposure. With limited studies on vitamin D levels of anesthesiologists and no published study from South Asian countries, we planned to determine vitamin D levels in anesthesiologists. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty anesthesiologists, working in two tertiary care hospitals, were enrolled in this study. The participants were asked to complete the questionnaire and blood samples were drawn at the same sitting for measuring serum 25(OH) D and serum calcium levels. A subgroup analysis of anesthesiologists was done based on vitamin D status levels defined as per Endocrine society clinical practice guidelines 2011 on vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency: 25(OH) D <20 ng/ml (<50 nmol/l), Vitamin D insufficiency: 25(OH) D of 21–29 ng/ml (52.5–72.5 nmol/l), Vitamin D sufficiency: 25(OH) D of ≥30 ng/ml (≥75 nmol/l). Results: The mean working hours in a day [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] were 10.70 ± 1.56 hours with a range of 8–15 hours. The mean ± SD level of vitamin D in anesthesiologists was 14.56 ± 9.39 ng/ml with a range of 5.30–58.00 ng/ml. Out of 120 anesthesiologists, 101 (84.2%) anesthesiologists had deficient levels of vitamin D, 10 (8.3%) had insufficient levels, and 9 (7.5%) anesthesiologists had sufficient levels of vitamin D. Majority of the anesthesiologists had normal serum calcium levels. A total of 91.5% of doctors had vitamin D deficiency who were not taking vitamin D supplement groups as compared to 28.6% in doctors who had taken vitamin D supplements in the past. Conclusion: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was high among anesthesiologists. However, levels were optimal in professionals taking vitamin D supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonika Bishnoi
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Satinder Gombar
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vanita Ahuja
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neerja Bhardwaj
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasbinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Rodrigues IG, Pinho CPS, Sobral Filho D, Leão APD, Oliveira MCM, Barbosa GP, Siqueira AAD, Bandeira F. The impact of visceral fat and levels of vitamin D on coronary artery calcification. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:88-93. [PMID: 34161468 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluated calcification of the coronary arteries and its association with visceral fat and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels. METHODS A cross sectional study involving 140 individuals without any previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. A biochemical analysis of vitamin D serum levels was carried out, as well as computed tomography to measure coronary artery calcium score and visceral adipose tissue. RESULTS The mean age of the individuals was 55.9 (±12.4). Coronary artery calcium was observed in 40.7% of the population. Vitamin D presented median serum levels of 30.4 ng/ml (IQ24.5-39.1), with 14,1 and 33.7% of the individuals presenting deficiency and insufficiency, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the calcium score was more prevalent in aged patients (p<0.01), in hypertensive individuals (p<0.01), in diabetics (p=0.02), and in those with a higher concentration of VAT (p=0.02). In the adjusted analysis, it was found that the highest concentration of VAT (OR: 4.0; 95%CI 1.4-11.7), hypertension (OR: 4.8; 95%CI 1.5-15.3), and age (OR: 10.4; 95%CI 3.9-27.6) were predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis, regardless of body mass index, diabetes, and 25OHD. CONCLUSIONS Excess visceral fat was associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, regardless of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Serum levels of 25OHD were not associated with CAD in its early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Galvão Rodrigues
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Claudia Porto Sabino Pinho
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Dário Sobral Filho
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil.,Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Dornelas Leão
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Pronto Socorro Cardiológico Universitário de Pernambuco - Recife (PE), Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Francisco Bandeira
- Universidade de Pernambuco, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - Recife (PE), Brasil
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12
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The Relationship of Vitamin D Deficiency with Severity and Outcome of Acute Stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 59:351-358. [PMID: 33855844 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: There are currently conflicting results regarding the link between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk for stroke and its poor prognosis. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and prognosis of acute stroke.Methods: This bi-center cross-sectional study was performed on 140 consecutive patients who referred to two general hospitals in Iran with the diagnosis of acute stroke. The levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D were evaluated by Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technique. Clinical severity of stroke on admission as well as on discharge time were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) or Modified Rankin (mRS) tools.Results: Mean serum level of vitamin D was 25.51 ± 18.87 ng/mL, ranging from 3.0 to 98.6 ng/ml. There was a significant difference between the two groups (with and without vitamin D deficiency) in terms of stroke severity and disability, as reflected by mRS (P=0.003) and NIHSS evaluation (14.24 ± 9.23 versus 9.73 ± 7.36, P=0.003). Also, regarding patients' clinical condition, the mean NIHSS score in those with deficient and normal levels of vitamin D was 14.24 ± 9.23 and 9.73 ± 7.36, respectively with NIHSS score > 5 in 76.1% and 61.5%, respectively (P = 0.003).Conclusion: According to the results of study, vitamin D status can be related to the severity of stroke. However, considering the cross-sectional design of our study, it could not point out the causality between vitamin D deficiency and acute stroke and further studies are warranted. It is not possible to draw any conclusions in terms of causality. Further studies are required in order to assess the relationship between the serum vitamin D levels and stroke severity.
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13
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Giannelou M, Skarlis C, Stamouli A, Antypa E, Moutsopoulos HM, Mavragani CP. Atherosclerosis in SLE: a potential role for serum parathormone levels. Lupus Sci Med 2020; 7:7/1/e000393. [PMID: 32913010 PMCID: PMC7484862 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective A link between bone metabolism and cardiovascular (CV) disease has been suggested mainly in the general population. In the current study we explored whether altered bone metabolism influence CV risk in patients with SLE. Methods In 138 consecutive patients with SLE, atherosclerosis was assessed by the presence of plaque and/or arterial wall thickening in carotid/femoral arteries by ultrasound. Bone mineral density (BMD) levels and hip/spinal cord fractures together with classical CV disease and osteoporosis risk factors including serum 25(OH) vitamin D3 and parathormone (PTH) levels were recorded in all patients. Serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand were quantitated by commercial ELISA. Statistical analysis included both univariate and multivariate models. Results Abnormal PTH serum concentrations (>65 pg/mL)—but not 25(OH) vitamin D3 serum levels—were identified as a risk factor for both plaque formation and arterial wall thickening in patients with SLE (ORs (95% CIs): 8.2 (1.8 to 37.4) and 3.9 (1.3 to 11.8), respectively). This association remained significant following adjustment for vitamin D3 levels and classical CV risk factors. Moreover, an independent association between osteoporosis with plaque formation and arterial wall thickening was detected following adjustment for total steroid dose, premature menopause and disease duration (ORs (95% CIs): 5.3 (1.1 to 26.2) and 3.5 (1.1 to 11.4), respectively). An inverse correlation between femoral neck BMD values and intima–medial thickness scores was also observed (r: −0.42, p=0.008). Conclusions These findings further strengthen the concept of shared pathophysiological mechanisms between atherogenesis and altered bone metabolism in autoimmune populations, revealing heightened PTH levels as a potential marker for atherosclerosis among patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Giannelou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Georgios Gennimatas, Athens, Greece.,Department of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Skarlis
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Antypa
- Department of Radiology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Georgios Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Clio P Mavragani
- Department of Physiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece .,Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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14
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Wan H, Cai Y, Wang Y, Fang S, Chen C, Chen Y, Xia F, Wang N, Guo M, Lu Y. The unique association between the level of peripheral blood monocytes and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:248. [PMID: 32571335 PMCID: PMC7310136 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The attraction and influx of monocytes into the retina has been considered a critical step in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, large population studies about the association between peripheral blood monocyte levels, an inexpensive and easily measurable laboratory index, and DR are limited. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between peripheral blood monocyte levels and DR. METHODS A total of 3223 participants out of 3277 adults with diabetes were enrolled from seven communities in China in this cross-sectional survey. Participants underwent several medical examinations, including the measurement of anthropometric factors, blood pressure, routinely analyzed leukocyte characteristics, glucose, lipid profiles, urine albumin/creatinine ratio and fundus photographs. RESULTS The prevalence of DR among the participants in the highest quartile of peripheral blood monocyte levels significantly decreased by 41% (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.43, 0.81) compared with the participants in the first quartile (P for trend < 0.05). However, there were no associations between the monocyte level and the prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) (both P for trend > 0.05). Associations between leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte levels and DR were also not found (all P for trend > 0.05). These associations were all fully adjusted for age, sex, education status, duration of diabetes history, current smoking, BMI, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, systolic blood pressure and insulin therapy. CONCLUSION Decreased peripheral blood monocyte levels were associated with increased odds of DR after adjusting for potential confounders in diabetic adults. However, causation remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Honghe Prefecture Central Hospital (Ge Jiu People's Hospital), Yunnan, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Minghao Guo
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Mohammadzadeh V, Mehrpour M, Ghoreishi A, Kamali K, Zamani B. The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy population. CURRENT JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2020; 19:53-58. [PMID: 38011463 PMCID: PMC7874889 DOI: 10.18502/cjn.v19i2.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Subclinical atherosclerosis is the asymptomatic phase of carotid atherosclerosis, and its early diagnosis is important to prevent cerebrovascular diseases. Although the vitamin D plays a role in the structure of vessels, the association between the serum level of vitamin D and subclinical atherosclerosis has not been well-studied. We aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D level and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in Iranian population. Methods: One hundred individuals with the age range from 20 to 50 years with no history of cardiovascular risk factors were selected for the analysis. Measurements of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3] concentration and CIMT were made. Confounding factors such as diabetes, hypertension (HTN), smoking, alcohol, tobacco, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD), high body mass index (BMI), history of drug intake especially calcium, vitamin D, statins, and anti-hypertensive drugs were considered and then excluded from our study. Results: The mean serum vitamin D level was 15.55 ± 0.42 ng/ml, whereas in the increased intima-media thickness (IMT), it was 12.50 ± 9.50 ng/ml. 55% of the subjects were diagnosed with subclinical atherosclerosis (IMT ≥ 0.75 mm). Mean IMT was 0.74 ± 0.12 mm; however, it was higher (0.86 ± 0.30) in severe vitamin D deficiency group. The analysis showed an association between serum 25(OH) D3 level and CIMT (P = 0.002). 44% of those participants with subclinical atherosclerosis had also a severe vitamin D deficiency, while only 13% of normal people had a severe vitamin D deficiency. Also, a correlation was observed between severe vitamin D deficiency and the presence of plaque or higher IMT. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH) D3 level was inversely correlated with CIMT in our investigated subjects with no cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Vali-e Asr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrpour
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdoreza Ghoreishi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Vali-e Asr Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Babak Zamani
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Pi S, Mao L, Chen J, Shi H, Liu Y, Guo X, Li Y, Zhou L, He H, Yu C, Liu J, Dang Y, Xia Y, He Q, Jin H, Li Y, Hu Y, Miao Y, Yue Z, Hu B. The P2RY12 receptor promotes VSMC-derived foam cell formation by inhibiting autophagy in advanced atherosclerosis. Autophagy 2020; 17:980-1000. [PMID: 32160082 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1741202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are an important source of foam cells in atherosclerosis. The mechanism for VSMC-derived foam cell formation is, however, poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the P2RY12/P2Y12 receptor is important in regulating macroautophagy/autophagy and VSMC-derived foam cell formation in advanced atherosclerosis. Inhibition of the P2RY12 receptor ameliorated lipid accumulation and VSMC-derived foam cell formation in high-fat diet-fed apoe-/- mice (atherosclerosis model) independent of LDL-c levels. Activation of the P2RY12 receptor blocked cholesterol efflux via PI3K-AKT, while genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of the P2RY12 receptor inhibited this effect in VSMCs. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed that the P2RY12 receptor regulated the autophagy pathway in VSMCs. Additionally, activation of the P2RY12 receptor inhibited MAP1LC3/LC3 maturation, SQSTM1 degradation, and autophagosome formation in VSMCs. Genetic knockdown of the essential autophagy gene Atg5 significantly attenuated P2RY12 receptor inhibitor-induced cholesterol efflux in VSMCs. Furthermore, activation of the P2RY12 receptor led to the activation of MTOR through PI3K-AKT in VSMCs, whereas blocking MTOR activity (rapamycin) or reducing MTOR expression reversed the inhibition of cholesterol efflux mediated by the P2RY12 receptor in VSMCs. In vivo, inhibition of the P2RY12 receptor promoted autophagy of VSMCs through PI3K-AKT-MTOR in advanced atherosclerosis in apoe-/- mice, which could be impeded by an autophagy inhibitor (chloroquine). Therefore, we conclude that activation of the P2RY12 receptor decreases cholesterol efflux and promotes VSMC-derived foam cell formation by blocking autophagy in advanced atherosclerosis. Our study thus suggests that the P2RY12 receptor is a therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis.Abbreviations: 2-MeSAMP: 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate; 8-CPT-cAMP: 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate; ABCA1: ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1; ABCG1: ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1; ACTB: actin beta; ADPβs: adenosine 5'-(alpha, beta-methylene) diphosphate; ALs: autolysosomes; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APOA1: apolipoprotein A1; APs: autophagosomes; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATV: atorvastatin; AVs: autophagic vacuoles; CD: chow diet; CDL: clopidogrel; CQ: chloroquine; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; dbcAMP: dibutyryl-cAMP; DIL-oxLDL: dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylin docarbocyanine-oxLDL; EIF4EBP1/4E-BP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; EVG: elastic van gieson; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HFD: high-fat diet; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDs: lipid droplets; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; Masson: masson trichrome; MCPT: maximal carotid plaque thickness; MK2206: MK-2206 2HCL; NBD-cholesterol: 22-(N-[7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl] amino)-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3β-ol; OLR1/LOX-1: oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1; ORO: oil Red O; ox-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TIC: ticagrelor; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Pi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiefang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanqing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guo
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Dang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanpeng Xia
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanwei He
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Jin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiliang Miao
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wan H, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fang S, Zhang W, Xia F, Wang N, Lu Y. Different associations between serum urate and diabetic complications in men and postmenopausal women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 160:108005. [PMID: 31911248 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to investigate the different associations of the serum urate (SUA) level with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Chinese adults. METHODS We analyzed 4767 participants out of 4813 adults with diabetes enrolled from seven communities in a cross-sectional survey. Participants underwent several medical examinations, including the measurement of anthropometric factors, blood pressure, SUA, glucose, lipid profiles, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and fundus photographs. RESULTS Compared with the first SUA tertile, the third tertile increased the prevalence of CVD by 22% (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.01, 1.46) (P for trend <0.05) and increased the prevalence of DKD by 59% (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.28, 1.97) for KDOQI definition. Compared with the first tertile, the OR (95% CI) of the number of diabetic complications, ranging from 0 to 2, associated with SUA level in ordinal logistic regression was 1.75 (1.44, 2.12) for the third tertile (P for trend <0.01). These associations were all fully adjusted. No association was found between the prevalence of DR and the SUA level. CONCLUSIONS A higher SUA level was associated with an increased prevalence of CVD and DKD and a variety of diabetic complications, other than DR, in men and postmenopausal women with T2DM. However, the causation remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) have potential to have increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to discover the findings of early atherosclerosis in patients with VDD by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and epicardial fat thickness (EFT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population includes 52 patients with VDD (n = 30 [57% female], mean ± SD age 54.28 ± 8.77 years, mean ± SD serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) 11 ± 2.4 ng/mL) and 82 participants for control group (n = 52 [63.4% female], mean ± SD age 56.40 ± 7.90 years, mean ± SD serum (25 [OH] D) 53 ± 4.2 ng/mL) who have no cardiovascular disease. Carotid intima-media thickness was assessed by using ultrasonography, and EFT was measured on the free wall of the right ventricle at end diastole from the parasternal long-axis views by standard transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiography. RESULTS Both CIMT and EFT were significantly higher in patients with VDD compared with controls (0.75 ± 0.16 mm vs 0.68 ± 0.21 mm, P < 0.05, and 0.66 ± 0.15 cm vs 0.56 ± 0.15 cm, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with VDD seem to have increased CIMT and EFT, which are predictors of atherosclerotic process. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Fahmy E, Sharaf S, Helmy H, Sherif S. Vitamin D status in acute ischemic stroke: relation to initial severity and short-term outcome. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Apostolakis M, Armeni E, Bakas P, Lambrinoudaki I. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Maturitas 2018; 115:1-22. [PMID: 30049340 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, a soluble steroid hormone synthesized in the skin after sun exposure, plays a crucial role in calcium metabolism and is also involved in cardiovascular pathophysiology. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence (a) on the association between endogenous vitamin D status and cardiovascular disease, and (b) on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. Most studies have shown an inverse association between vitamin D levels and cardiovascular outcomes. Randomized controlled trials, however, do not consistently support a beneficial effect of vitamin D administration on cardiovascular health. Population characteristics, comorbid conditions such as diabetes, the overall population prevalence of cardiovascular disease, vitamin D status and the regimen of vitamin D supplementation may account for the conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Apostolakis
- Menopause Clinic, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Armeni
- Menopause Clinic, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Bakas
- Menopause Clinic, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Lambrinoudaki
- Menopause Clinic, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Chen FH, Liu T, Xu L, Zhang L, Zhou XB. Association of Serum Vitamin D Level and Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:1293-1303. [PMID: 29171066 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis. To explore the potential link of the serum vitamin D level with carotid atherosclerosis, this meta-analysis assessed the correlation between vitamin D and carotid intima-media thickness as well as carotid atherosclerotic plaque. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched until the end of March 2017. Clinical studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and carotid atherosclerosis were included. The outcome data were extracted according to the inclusion criteria and pooled for an effect estimate by a random-effects model. Of the 506 initially retrieved studies, 11 studies involving a total of 16,434 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale scores suggested that the included studies were of high quality. The pooled effects estimate showed that the serum vitamin D level was negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-0.96), with substantial heterogeneity among the individual studies (I2 = 54%). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis suggested that hypovitaminosis D was associated with an 0.85-fold decrease in the odds of having a higher carotid intima-media thickness (95% CI, 0.76-0.96; P < .05; I2 = 69%). Additionally, the pooled analysis also indicated that the serum vitamin D level was a protective factor against increased carotid plaque (odds ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.97; P < .05; I2 = 29%). Funnel plots and the Egger regression test showed the absence of a publication bias. In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively revealed a close link between vitamin D deficiency and carotid atherosclerosis. Patients with hypovitaminosis D might have extra requirements for preventive and therapeutic measures against early atherosclerosis, thus reducing the cardiovascular disease risk in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hua Chen
- Departments of Ultrasonography, Jinhua Municipal Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Departments of Ultrasonography, Jinhua Municipal Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Jinhua Municipal Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Departments of Ultrasonography, Jinhua Municipal Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhou
- Departments of Ultrasonography, Jinhua Municipal Hospital, Jinhua, China
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Teixeira V, Tam LS. Novel Insights in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Atherosclerosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:262. [PMID: 29435447 PMCID: PMC5796914 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The systemic inflammatory nature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is well patent not only in the diverse clinical manifestations of the disease but also in the increased risk of premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events (CVE), making SLE one of the most complex diseases to study and manage in clinical practice. Aim To travel from old aspects to modern insights on the physiopathology, new molecular biomarkers, imaging methods of atherosclerosis assessment, and the potential treatments of atherosclerosis in SLE. Methods We conducted a literature search using PubMed database and performed a critical review. Conclusion/discussion Several developments have taken place in the understanding of the relationship between SLE and premature atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, cardiovascular diseases are still the major cause of reduced life expectancy in SLE and the main cause of death. The lack of standardization methods for the imaging assessment of atherosclerosis in SLE and the multifactorial nature of the disease are well patriated in the difficulty of achieving consistent and reproducible results among studies that focus in cardiovascular risk assessment and prediction. A raising number of molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis have been proposed, but the combination of several biomarkers and risk factors may better estimate cardiovascular disease risk. Moreover, the development of effective therapies to prevent progression of atherosclerosis and CVE shall address systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Teixeira
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, EPE, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lai-Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Associations between vitamin D status and atherosclerosis among Inuit in Greenland. Atherosclerosis 2017; 268:145-151. [PMID: 29227867 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low levels of vitamin D are suspected to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis among Inuit in Greenland, and to evaluate the association with vitamin D status. We hypothesized that low vitamin D status could be associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as a marker of atherosclerosis. METHODS 756 adults from the Inuit Health in Transition (IHIT) study carried out in Greenland in the period 2005-2010 were included. A blood sample donated in 1987 was available for a sub-sample of 102 individuals. Serum 25(OH)D3 from the IHIT study and the 1987 survey was used as a measure of vitamin D status. IMT measurements were conducted by ultrasound scanning. The prevalence of atherosclerosis was estimated, and the association between serum 25(OH)D3 and IMT measurements was examined by linear regression. RESULTS The overall prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis was 20.1% (n = 152). The linear regression analyses indicated a weak positive association between serum 25(OH)D3 level and IMT measurements from the IHIT study, though not statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders (β = 0.35% per 10 nmoL/L 25(OH)D3, p = 0.06). Linear regression analyses of the association between serum 25(OH)D3 level in the 1987 survey and IMT measurements also indicated a positive, though not statistically significant, association after adjustment (β = 0.07% per 10 nmoL/L 25(OH)D3, p = 0.86). CONCLUSIONS Our findings did not support the hypothesis of an association between low vitamin D levels and risk of atherosclerosis.
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Lee YH, Kweon SS, Choi JS, Nam HS, Park KS, Choi SW, Ryu SY, Oh SH, Shin MH. Association of serum vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with subclinical atherosclerotic phenotypes: The Dong-gu Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186421. [PMID: 29088221 PMCID: PMC5663373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous studies reported an association between serum vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) with carotid atherosclerosis or arterial stiffness, these were inconsistent. We examined the independent association between serum vitamin D and PTH with multiple subclinical markers of atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 8,217 subjects who participated in the Dong-gu Study in Korea were included in the final analysis. The carotid artery structure, including intima-media thickness (IMT), plaques, and luminal diameter, was evaluated using a high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was determined using an automatic waveform analysis device, and the mean of the left and right baPWV was used. Results The PTH concentration was positively associated with carotid luminal diameter and baPWV, but not with carotid IMT and plaques. The mean carotid luminal diameter of individuals with PTH levels in the second, third, and fourth quartiles was significantly larger compared with those in the first quartile (P-trend < 0.01). The mean baPWV of individuals with PTH levels in the fourth quartile was significantly greater than those with PTH levels in the first quartile (P-trend = 0.01). However, there was no significant association between vitamin D and any atherosclerotic phenotypes, including carotid IMT, plaques, luminal diameter, and baPWV. Conclusion This suggests that PTH might affect the development of atherosclerosis by altering vascular compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Su Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seonam University College of Medicine, Namwon, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Chauduri JR, Mridula KR, Umamashesh M, Balaraju B, Bandaru VCSS. Association of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Carotid Intima-media Thickness: A Study from South India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2017; 20:242-247. [PMID: 28904456 PMCID: PMC5586119 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_37_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abnormal carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a marker of carotid atherosclerosis which is a risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have found an association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency with abnormal carotid IMT. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with carotid IMT in Indian participants. Materials and Methods: We prospectively recruited 300 participants at Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, during the study period between January 2012 and December 2014. All participants were assessed for fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, serum phosphorous, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and carotid Doppler examination. Results: Among the 300 participants, men were 190 (63.3%) and mean age was 51.9 ± 7.7 years with a range from 35 to 64 years. On risk factors evaluation, 105 (35%) were hypertensive, 79 (26.3%) diabetics, 63 (21%) smokers, and 56 (18.6%) were alcoholics. On evaluation of biochemical parameters, 81 (27%) had dyslipidemia, 120 (40%) had elevated CRP levels, 119 (39.6%) had 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, mean alkaline phosphatase was 93.9 ± 14.9 IU/L, serum calcium (mg/dL) was 9.2 ± 2.3, and serum phosphorous 4.4 ± 1.2 mg/dL. On carotid imaging, 121 (40.3%) had abnormal IMT. After multivariate analysis, 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR]: 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–3.55), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.46–4.40), elevated CRP (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.37–3.76), smoking (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.16–3.77), and diabetes (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.05–3.21) were independently associated with abnormal IMT. Conclusion: In our study, we established 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency as an independently associated with abnormal IMT in Indian participants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Rukmini Mridula
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institution of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Banda Balaraju
- Department of Medicine, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Is there any association between vitamin D levels and isolated coronary artery ectasia? ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASES 2017; 1:e117-e122. [PMID: 28905032 PMCID: PMC5421538 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2016.63183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction It has been postulated that low vitamin D levels are associated with coronary artery diseases. Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is associated with atherosclerosis, congenital cardiac defects, immunological diseases and connective tissue diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is an association between vitamin D and parathormone levels and isolated coronary artery ectasia and its extent. Material and methods The study included 93 participants: 47 patients (35 male, 12 female) with isolated CAE and 46 subjects (28 male, 18 female) with normal coronary arteries. Demographic characteristics of patients and controls were obtained from medical records, and Markis scores of patients were calculated. Serum vitamin D and parathormone levels were quantitatively measured by the paramagnetic particle chemiluminescence method. Results Serum vitamin D levels were found to be significantly lower in patients with isolated CAE than the control group (9.15 ±4.4 ng/ml, 13.35 ±5.9 ng/ml, p < 0.001). Parathormone levels were significantly higher in the CAE group than the control group (61.4 ±31.6, 48.7 ±25.5, p < 0.036). However, the study revealed no association between serum vitamin D levels and the extent of CAE according to the Markis classification (p = 0.23). Conclusions This study revealed that lower vitamin D levels and higher parathormone levels were associated with isolated CAE, but there was no association between vitamin D levels and the extent of CAE.
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Spath P, Tisato V, Gianesini S, Tessari M, Menegatti E, Manfredini R, Occhionorelli S, Secchiero P, Zamboni P. The calendar of cytokines: Seasonal variation of circulating cytokines in chronic venous insufficiency. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 6:2048004017729279. [PMID: 28959442 PMCID: PMC5593209 DOI: 10.1177/2048004017729279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess if in chronic venous insufficiency, there is a seasonal variation of cytokines levels which could explain the typical worsening of symptoms during Spring and Summer. Participants From 193 chronic venous insufficiency patients, we selected 32 patients in clinical stage C2–C3 of the Clinical–Etiology–Anatomy–Pathophysiology classification. Design A prospective, comparative and blinded cytokines assessment in two different seasons. Setting We sorted patients by two homogenous groups, 17 Autumn Group and 15 Spring Group. A complete clinical and haemodynamic assessment and laboratory analysis of 22 circulating cytokines were performed on each patient. Main outcome measures Circulating cytokines levels assessment. Results The two groups resulted homogenous for age, gender, clinical class, and haemodynamic parameters. Comparing cytokines expressions in Autumn Group vs. Spring Group, we found a significant difference of 11 out of 22 circulating cytokines (p < 0.05). Particularly Eotaxin, Interleukin-8, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1, Tumour Necrosis Factor-α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor were increased in Autumn compared to the Control Group (p < 0.001); while significantly reduced in Spring, within the normal range (p, not significant). Conclusions Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency are self-reported by patients more intense during warm seasons. Surprisingly, in our study, cytokines levels were significantly higher during Autumn and downregulated in Spring. These variations show for the first time the presence of a ‘Calendar of Cytokines’ in chronic venous insufficiency, which needs to be further investigated.
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Tan LM, Wang L, Chen JJ, Li H, Luo WB. Diagnostic performance of bone metabolic indexes for the detection of stroke. Saudi Med J 2017; 38:30-35. [PMID: 28042627 PMCID: PMC5278062 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2017.1.15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To explore the diagnostic performance of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and osteocalcin (OC) in predicting stroke. Methods: This retrospective survey was conducted in The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. involved 121 cerebral infarction patients and 103 cerebral hemorrhage patients as the experimental groups, 100 volunteers as the healthy control group and 80 brain trauma patients as the disease control group. The 25(OH)D, PTH, BALP, and OC levels of all participants were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The serum concentration of 25(OH)D in stroke patients was appreciably lower than that of the control groups (p<0.05), and subsequently, the deficiency level of 25(OH)D in the stroke population was considerably higher than that of the control groups (p<0.05). The serum concentrations of PTH and OC in stroke patients exceeded those found in the control groups (p<0.05), and the abnormal level in the stroke patients was also higher than that of the control. Compared with the control group, BALP concentrations in cerebral infarction patients were increased significantly. Additionally, abnormal levels of BALP in stroke patients were found to be higher than those in the control groups. However, concentrations and abnormal levels of BALP in cerebral hemorrhage patients were not found to be significantly different than those found in cerebral infarction and the control groups, There were no substantial differences between the 2 control groups. Conclusion: Lack of 25(OH)D and excessive PTH, BALP, and OC could indicate a high risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China. E-mail.
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Bikle DD. Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1376:29-52. [PMID: 27649525 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in nearly all, if not all, cells in the body. The enzyme that produces the active metabolite of vitamin D and ligand for VDR, namely CYP27B1, likewise is widely expressed in many cells of the body. These observations indicate that the role of vitamin D is not limited to regulation of bone and mineral homeostasis, as important as that is. Rather, the study of its extraskeletal actions has become the major driving force behind the significant increase in research articles on vitamin D published over the past several decades. A great deal of information has accumulated from cell culture studies, in vivo animal studies, and clinical association studies that confirms that extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are truly widespread and substantial. However, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials, when done, have by and large not produced the benefits anticipated by the in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal studies. In this review, I will examine the role of vitamin D signaling in a number of extraskeletal tissues and assess the success of translating these findings into treatments of human diseases affecting those extracellular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Salekzamani S, Bavil AS, Mehralizadeh H, Jafarabadi MA, Ghezel A, Gargari BP. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on proatherogenic inflammatory markers and carotid intima media thickness in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Endocrine 2017; 57:51-59. [PMID: 28509078 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic syndrome may predispose to cardiovascular diseases. Since, in recent studies, vitamin D is advocated for cardioprotective roles, this study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on proatherogenic inflammatory markers and common carotid intima media thickness in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS This randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. Eligible subjects (n = 80) with metabolic syndrome were recruited thorough advertisement and randomized to receive either vitamin D (50,000 IU/week) or matching placebo for 16 weeks. Interlukin-6, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and common carotid intima media thickness were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The study was registered at http://www.irct.ir (code: IRCT201409033140N14). RESULTS Sixteen weeks supplementation with vitamin D increased median of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and mean calcium levels (p < 0.001) in the intervention group. There was also a significant difference in parathyroid hormone level at the end of the study (p < 0.001). Vitamin D treatment reduced IL-6 level after 16 weeks (p = 0.027). Compared to baseline, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin levels decreased significantly in vitamin D treated subjects; however, there were no significant differences between two groups. No effect of vitamin D supplementation was observed in either common carotid intima media thickness or high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations at the end of the study (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation improved some proatherogenic inflammatory markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome. No changes of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and carotid intima media thickness were shown after 16 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Salekzamani
- Talented Students Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Shakeri Bavil
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mehralizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic lnjury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aymaral Ghezel
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Narasimhan S, Balasubramanian P. Role of Vitamin D in the Outcome of Ischemic Stroke- A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:CC06-CC10. [PMID: 28384856 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24299.9346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions in India with prevalence rates of 70-100% in the general population. Low vitamin D levels are associated with worse outcomes in ischemic strokes. The outcome of stroke after vitamin D replenishment has not been much studied. AIM To compare the stroke outcome between patients receiving vitamin D supplementation and patients without vitamin D supplementation by Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) and thus, to assess the long term outcome of ischemic stroke patients with low vitamin D level by supplementation of vitamin D. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a non blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in ischemic stroke patients. The patients were divided into two groups (A and B) where Group A received a single dose of 6 lac IU of Cholecalciferol Intramascular (IM) injection and Group B were not given vitamin D. Finally 30 patients in each group were analyzed. SSS was applied to evaluate the stroke severity at the onset and at the follow up after three months in both groups. The difference in SSS was analyzed using SPSS software. Independent t-test was applied and p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant. RESULTS Mean±SD of vitamin D levels in Group A and Group B were 17.98±3.81ng/ml and 18.44±4.69 ng/ml respectively. Mean±SD of SSS at time of admission and after three months for Group A was 32.50±11.61 and 38.89±8.34; and for Group B 35.82±8.56 and 38.32±7.10. The difference in SSS from time of admission and after three months, in Group A (6.39±4.56) and Group B (2.50±2.20) were analyzed statistically and found to be highly significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The results showed that there is a significant improvement in the stroke outcome after three months in those patients who were supplemented with vitamin D. Thus screening for vitamin D deficiency in stroke patients is essential and vitamin D replenishment will improve the stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuba Narasimhan
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research , Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramírez-Morros A, Granado-Casas M, Alcubierre N, Martinez-Alonso M, Real J, Castelblanco E, Esquerda A, Cao G, Rubinat E, Hernández M, Alonso N, Fernández E, Mauricio D. Calcium Phosphate Product Is Associated with Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3498368. [PMID: 28840128 PMCID: PMC5559910 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3498368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) and mineral metabolism-related factors (serum phosphate, calcium, and parathormone) are associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA), defined as the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (main study outcome), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without kidney disease or previous cardiovascular disease. METHODS We undertook a post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional study in adults with T2DM in whom we evaluated SCA. A total of 303 subjects with T2DM were included. Clinical variables and carotid ultrasound imaging were obtained. RESULTS We found no association of 25OHD with the presence of SCA. However, calcium phosphate (CaP; mg2/dL2) product was positively associated with the presence of carotid plaques (ORadj = 1.078; 95% CI: 1.017-1.142). An inverse association was observed between higher levels of 25OHD (≥30 ng/mL versus <20 ng/mL concentrations) and common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT; mm) (βadj ± SE = -0.055 ± 0.024). We conclude that the CaP product is independently associated with the presence of established subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramírez-Morros
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Minerva Granado-Casas
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Nuria Alcubierre
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martinez-Alonso
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Real
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Castelblanco
- Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Camí de les Escoles S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aureli Esquerda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Esther Rubinat
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, University of Lleida, Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Unitat de Deteccio i Tractament de Malalties Aterotrombotiques, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Institute and University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Carretera Canyet S/N, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Barcelona, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain
- *Didac Mauricio:
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Choi YK, Song SW, Shin BR, Kim JA, Kim HN. Serum vitamin D level is negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis in Korean adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:90-96. [PMID: 27537342 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1216526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the associations between serum vitamin D levels and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid plaque and atherosclerosis in 71 Korean adults. CIMT and the presence of carotid plaque were assessed with a high-resolution B-mode ultrasound system, and carotid atherosclerosis was defined as a mean CIMT value >0.9 mm or the presence of carotid plaque. A vitamin D deficiency was associated with the presence of carotid plaque (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 9.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-56.3; p = 0.016). As serum vitamin D levels increased, the presence of high-risk carotid plaque decreased (aOR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.72-0.99; p = 0.039). Serum vitamin D levels was negatively associated with carotid atherosclerosis (aOR: 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76-0.97; p = 0.018). Further studies are needed to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation would be effective for the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Kyeong Choi
- a Department of Family Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- a Department of Family Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ra Shin
- a Department of Family Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- a Department of Family Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- a Department of Family Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Lee EY, Lee SJ, Kim KM, Yun YM, Song BM, Kim JE, Kim HC, Rhee Y, Youm Y, Kim CO. Association of metabolic syndrome and 25-hydroxyvitamin D with cognitive impairment among elderly Koreans. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:1069-1075. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine; National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital; Goyang Korea
- Department of Medicine; Yonsei University Graduate School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Seongnam Korea
| | - Young Mi Yun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Bo Mi Song
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Public Health; Yonsei University Graduate School; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong Eun Kim
- Department of Public Health; Yonsei University Graduate School; Seoul Korea
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Etiology Research Center; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Yoosik Youm
- Department of Sociology; Yonsei University; Seoul Korea
| | - Chang Oh Kim
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Internal Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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McNally JS, Burton TM, Aldred BW, Kim SE, McLaughlin MS, Eisenmenger LB, Stoddard GJ, Majersik JJ, Miller DV, Treiman GS, Parker DL. Vitamin D and Vulnerable Carotid Plaque. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2092-2099. [PMID: 27313129 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging-detected carotid intraplaque hemorrhage indicates vulnerable plaque with high stroke risk. Angiotensin II stimulates intraplaque hemorrhage in animal models, and the angiotensin system is highly regulated by vitamin D. Our purpose was to determine whether low vitamin D levels predict carotid intraplaque hemorrhage in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 65 patients with carotid disease underwent carotid MR imaging and blood draw. Systemic clinical confounders and local lumen imaging markers were recorded. To determine the association of low vitamin D levels with MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage, we performed multivariable Poisson regression by using generalized estimating equations to account for up to 2 carotid arteries per patient and backward elimination of confounders. MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage volume was also correlated with vitamin D levels and maximum plaque thickness. Thirty-five patients underwent carotid endarterectomy, and histology-detected intraplaque hemorrhage was correlated with vitamin D levels and total plaque area. RESULTS Low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL, prevalence ratio = 2.05, P = .03) were a significant predictor of MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage, along with plaque thickness (prevalence ratio = 1.40, P < .001). MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage volume linearly correlated with plaque thickness (partial r = 0.45, P < .001) and low vitamin D levels (partial r = 0.26, P = .003). Additionally, histology-detected intraplaque hemorrhage area linearly correlated with plaque area (partial r = 0.46, P < .001) and low vitamin D levels (partial r = 0.22, P = .03). The association of intraplaque hemorrhage volume with low vitamin D levels was also higher with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Low vitamin D levels and plaque thickness predict carotid intraplaque hemorrhage and outperform lumen markers of vulnerable plaque. This research demonstrates a significant link between low vitamin D levels and carotid intraplaque hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S McNally
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - T M Burton
- Department of Neurology (T.M.B., J.J.M.)
| | - B W Aldred
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - S-E Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - M S McLaughlin
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - L B Eisenmenger
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - G J Stoddard
- Department of Orthopedics, Study Design and Biostatistics Center (G.J.S)
| | | | | | - G S Treiman
- Department of Surgery at the University of Utah and VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah (G.S.T.)
| | - D L Parker
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
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Gupta GK, Agrawal T, Rai V, Del Core MG, Hunter WJ, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D Supplementation Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia and Restenosis following Coronary Intervention in Atherosclerotic Swine. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156857. [PMID: 27271180 PMCID: PMC4894559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone that activates vitamin D receptor to regulate multiple downstream signaling pathways and transcription of various target genes. There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, most of the studies are observational and associative in nature with limited data on clinical application. Thus, there is a need for more prospective randomized controlled studies to determine whether or not vitamin D supplementation provides cardiovascular protection. In this study, we examined the effects of the deficiency and supplementation of vitamin D on coronary restenosis following coronary intervention in atherosclerotic Yucatan microswine. Twelve Yucatan microswine were fed vitamin D-deficient (n = 4) or -sufficient (n = 8) high cholesterol diet for 6-months followed by coronary intervention. Post-intervention, swine in the vitamin D-sufficient high cholesterol diet group received daily oral supplementation of either 1,000 IU (n = 4) or 3,000 IU (n = 4) vitamin D3. Six months later, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to monitor the development of intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. Animals were euthanized to isolate arteries for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical studies. Animals had graded levels of serum 25(OH)D; vitamin D-deficient (15.33 ± 1.45 ng/ml), vitamin D-sufficient + 1,000 IU oral vitamin D post-intervention (32.27 ± 1.20 ng/ml), and vitamin D-sufficient + 3,000 IU oral vitamin D post-intervention (51.00 ± 3.47 ng/ml). Findings from the OCT and histomorphometric studies showed a decrease in intimal hyperplasia and restenosis in vitamin D-supplemented compared to vitamin D-deficient swine. Vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, upregulated serum levels of IL-10, and had no effect on serum IL-6 levels. These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation limits neointimal formation following coronary intervention in atherosclerotic swine and provide the support for vitamin D supplementation to protect against the development of coronary restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav K. Gupta
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Tanupriya Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Del Core
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - William J. Hunter
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. Vitamin D deficiency plays key role in the pathophysiology of risk factors of metabolic syndrome which affect cardiovascular system, increase insulin resistance and obesity, stimulate rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that cause hypertension. The discovery of vitamin D receptor expressed ubiquitously in almost all body cells such as immune, vascular and myocardial cells, pancreatic beta cells, neurons and osteoblasts suggests an involvement of vitamin D mediated effects on metabolic syndrome. Moreover vitamin D deficiency as well as cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors frequently co-occur. This underlines the importance of understanding the role of vitamin D in the context of metabolic syndrome. The paper provides an insight into the physiology of vitamin D and relationship of vitamin D deficiency with risk factors of metabolic syndrome through observational and supplementation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prasad
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India.
| | - Anita Kochhar
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India.
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Thiele I, Linseisen J, Meisinger C, Schwab S, Huth C, Peters A, Perz S, Meitinger T, Kronenberg F, Lamina C, Thiery J, Koenig W, Rathmann W, Kääb S, Then C, Seissler J, Thorand B. Associations between calcium and vitamin D supplement use as well as their serum concentrations and subclinical cardiovascular disease phenotypes. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:743-51. [PMID: 26141019 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of calcium (Ca) and vitamin D for the prevention of osteoporosis is frequently found in Western countries. Recent re-analyses of clinical trials observed a higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in subjects taking Ca (+vitamin D) supplements, although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. OBJECTIVE Thus, we analyzed the associations between Ca and vitamin D supplementation as well as serum concentrations of Ca and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) phenotypes, namely intima-media thickness, ankle-brachial-index (ABI), intermittent claudication, and atrial fibrillation (AF). DESIGN Data of 1601 participants aged 50-81 years of the population-based cross-sectional Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study in Germany were analyzed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence intervals (CI)) and β-estimates (p-values), respectively. RESULTS Regular Ca supplementation showed a significant positive association with the presence of AF after multivariable adjustment (OR = 3.89; 95% CI 1.28-11.81). Higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations were independently associated with a lower prevalence of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease as assessed by ABI measurements (β = 0.007; p = 0.01). No other significant associations between supplementation or serum concentrations of Ca or vitamin D and CVD phenotypes were identified. CONCLUSIONS Although based on few cases the finding of a significant higher prevalence of AF in Ca supplement users hints at one possible mechanism that may contribute to an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. The observed association between serum 25(OH)D and ABI supports results from other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inke Thiele
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Schwab
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Perz
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfst. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Schöpfst. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Cardiology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometry and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetes-Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kääb
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Medical Policlinic and University Clinic I, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Then
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Diabetes Zentrum, Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV - Campus Innenstadt, Diabetes Zentrum, Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Diabetes, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany.
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Winckler K, Tarnow L, Lundby-Christensen L, Almdal TP, Wiinberg N, Eiken P, Boesgaard TW. Vitamin D, carotid intima-media thickness and bone structure in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2015; 4:128-35. [PMID: 25956908 PMCID: PMC4463474 DOI: 10.1530/ec-15-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) still have increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The primary aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional association between total (25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D)) and risk of CVD in patients with T2D. Secondary objective was to examine the association between 25(OH)D and bone health. A Danish cohort of patients with T2D participating in a randomised clinical trial were analysed. In total 415 patients (68% men, age 60±9 years (mean±s.d.), duration of diabetes 12±6 years), including 294 patients (71%) treated with insulin. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial stiffness (carotid artery distensibility coefficient (DC) and Young's elastic modulus (YEM)) were measured by ultrasound scan as indicators of CVD. Bone health was assessed by bone mineral density and trabecular bone score measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. In this cohort, 214 patients (52%) were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l). Carotid IMT was 0.793±0.137 mm, DC was 0.0030±0.001 mmHg, YEM was 2354±1038 mmHg and 13 (3%) of the patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis. A 25(OH)D level was not associated with carotid IMT or arterial stiffness (P>0.3) or bone health (P>0.6) after adjustment for CVD risk factors. In conclusion, 25(OH)D status was not associated with carotid IMT, arterial stiffness or bone health in this cohort of patients with T2D. To explore these associations and the association with other biomarkers further, multicentre studies with large numbers of patients are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Winckler
- Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Lundby-Christensen
- Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas P Almdal
- Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Wiinberg
- Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pia Eiken
- Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine W Boesgaard
- Department of CardiologyNephrology and EndocrinologyDepartment of ResearchNordsjaellands Hospital, Nordsjællands University Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hilleroed, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical StudiesUniversity of Aarhus, Aarhus, DenmarkClinical Research UnitSteno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of PaediatricsHvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, DenmarkDepartment of MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte, DenmarkDepartment of Physiology and Nuclear MedicineFrederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, DenmarkInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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van Dijk SC, Sohl E, Oudshoorn C, Enneman AW, Ham AC, Swart KMA, van Wijngaarden JP, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, van der Zwaluw NL, Uitterlinden AG, de Groot LCPGM, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Lips P, van Schoor NM, Blom HJ, Geleijnse JM, Feskens EJ, Smulders YM, Zillikens MC, de Jongh RT, van den Meiracker AH, Mattace Raso FUS, van der Velde N. Non-linear associations between serum 25-OH vitamin D and indices of arterial stiffness and arteriosclerosis in an older population. Age Ageing 2015; 44:136-42. [PMID: 25038832 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND several studies have been pointing towards a non-linear relationship between serum 25(OH)D and cardiovascular disease. Next to vitamin D deficiency, also higher levels of 25(OH)D have been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to investigate the nature of the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and measures of arterial stiffness and arteriosclerosis in an elderly population. DESIGN cross-sectional. SETTING/SUBJECTS a subgroup of the B-PROOF study was included to determine associations between serum 25(OH)D and arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis (n = 567, 57% male, age 72.6 ± 5.6 years, mean serum 25(OH)D 54.6 ± 24.1 nmol/l). METHODS carotid intima media thickness (IMT) was assessed using ultrasonography and pulse wave velocity (PWV) was determined with applanation tonometry. Associations were tested using multivariable restricted cubic spline functions and stratified linear regression analysis. RESULTS the associations between serum 25(OH)D and carotid IMT or PWV were non-linear. Spline functions demonstrated a difference between 25(OH)D deficient and sufficient individuals. In serum 25(OH)D sufficient participants (≥50 nmol/l; n = 287), a positive association with IMT and serum 25(OH)D was present (β 1.24; 95%CI [0.002; 2.473]). PWV levels were slightly lower in vitamin D deficient individuals, but the association with 25(OH)D was not significant. CONCLUSION our study demonstrates that associations of serum 25(OH)D and PWV and IMT in an elderly population are not linear. In particular from serum 25(OH)D levels of 50 nmol/l and up, there is a slight increase of IMT with increasing 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne C van Dijk
- Department of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC,'s Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Sohl
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Oudshoorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Anke W Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies C Ham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Karin M A Swart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Rotterdam, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Blom
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo M Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Institute for Cardiovascular Research ICaR-VU, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Carola Zillikens
- Department of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC,'s Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam 3015 CE, The Netherlands Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renate T de Jongh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section & EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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Kojima G, Bell CL, Chen R, Ross GW, Abbott RD, Launer L, Lui F, Masaki K. Low dietary vitamin D in mid-life predicts total mortality in men with hypertension: the Honolulu heart program. J Am Coll Nutr 2014; 33:129-35. [PMID: 24724770 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2013.875363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency was associated with total mortality in previous epidemiological studies. Little is known about the effects of dietary vitamin D intake on mortality. We examined the association between mid-life dietary vitamin D intake and 45-year total mortality. METHODS The Honolulu Heart Program is a longitudinal cohort study of 8006 Japanese American men in Hawaii aged 45 to 68 at baseline (1965-1968). Mid-life dietary vitamin D intake was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall using Nutritionist IV v3 software. We divided subjects into quartiles of dietary vitamin D. Total mortality data were available over 45 years through 2010. RESULTS Age-adjusted total mortality rates were higher in the lower quartiles of dietary vitamin D intake compared to the highest (p for trend = 0.011). Using Cox regression, low dietary vitamin D was significantly associated with total mortality; quartile (Q) 1 hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.07-1.22, p < 0.001; Q2 HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.18, p = 0.002; and Q3 HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01-1.15, p = 0.027; Q4 = reference. After adjusting for age, kilocalories, cardiovascular risk factors, and prevalent chronic diseases, only Q2 remained significant (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.15, p = 0.037). Among hypertensive subjects only, those in the lower 2 quartiles had higher total mortality; Q1 HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.01-1.25, p = 0.039, and Q2 HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02-1.26, p = 0.025, compared to Q4. There was no significant relationship in subjects without hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Low dietary vitamin D intake in mid-life was a weak predictor of total mortality over 45 years of follow-up. We found a significant association between low dietary vitamin D intake and higher total mortality only among hypertensive subjects. Vitamin D may have cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gotaro Kojima
- a The John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii
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Tuliani TA, Shenoy M, Deshmukh A, Rathod A, Pant S, Badheka AO, Levine D, Afonso L. Major electrocardiographic abnormalities and 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency: insights from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III. Clin Cardiol 2014; 37:660-6. [PMID: 25224216 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the relationship between major electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities (mECG) and 25-hydroxy (25-OH) vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and the effect of mECG abnormalities on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a healthy cohort with 25-OH vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. HYPOTHESIS Lower levels of serum 25-OH vitamin D are associated with increased prevalence of mECG on resting ECG. METHODS We identified 5108 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III. mECG abnormalities included: major Q-QS wave abnormalities, ST depression/elevation, negative T waves, Wolff-Parkinson-White pattern, and ventricular conduction defect. Our cohort was divided into 3 groups based on 25-OH vitamin D levels: Group 1 (referent): > 40 ng/mL; group 2 (insufficient): ≥ 20.01 to ≤ 40 ng/mL; and group 3 (deficient): ≤ 20 ng/mL. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models were built. RESULTS The prevalence of major ECG abnormalities across 25-OH vitamin D sufficiency, insufficiency, and deficiency was .9%, 11%, and 13 %, respectively (P = 0.01). VDD was an independent predictor of mECG abnormalities after adjusting for traditional risk factors (continuous variable odds ratio [OR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-0.99, P = 0.007; categorical variable group 3 vs group 1 OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.1-5.12, P = 0.03). Baseline major ECG abnormalities were predictive of long-term all-cause (hazard ratio [HR]:1.52, 95% CI: 1.23-1.89), composite cardiovascular (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.34-2.15), cardiovascular (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.27-2.12), and ischemic heart disease mortality (HR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.46-2.69) in individuals with 25-OH vitamin D levels ≤ 40 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS VDD is associated with increased prevalence of major ECG abnormalities. Well-structured trials are needed to assess progression/resolution of mECG abnormalities with vitamin D supplementation in deficient individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar A Tuliani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan
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Wöbke TK, Sorg BL, Steinhilber D. Vitamin D in inflammatory diseases. Front Physiol 2014; 5:244. [PMID: 25071589 PMCID: PMC4078458 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in vitamin D serum levels have been associated with inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis (MS), atherosclerosis, or asthma. Genome- and transcriptome-wide studies indicate that vitamin D signaling modulates many inflammatory responses on several levels. This includes (i) the regulation of the expression of genes which generate pro-inflammatory mediators, such as cyclooxygenases or 5-lipoxygenase, (ii) the interference with transcription factors, such as NF-κB, which regulate the expression of inflammatory genes and (iii) the activation of signaling cascades, such as MAP kinases which mediate inflammatory responses. Vitamin D targets various tissues and cell types, a number of which belong to the immune system, such as monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) as well as B- and T cells, leading to individual responses of each cell type. One hallmark of these specific vitamin D effects is the cell-type specific regulation of genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes and the interplay between vitamin D signaling and other signaling cascades involved in inflammation. An important task in the near future will be the elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses by vitamin D on the molecular level by the use of techniques such as chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), ChIP-seq, and FAIRE-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea K Wöbke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernd L Sorg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt, Germany
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44
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Atabek ME, Eklioglu BS, Akyürek N, Alp H. Association between vitamin D level and cardiovascular risk in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:661-6. [PMID: 24756047 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations between vitamin D deficiency, the atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. METHODS Two hundred and forty-seven obese children and adolescents, 8-16 years of age (body mass index>95 p) were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, lipid profile, vitamin D level and carotid intima media thickness (c-IMT) were measured. MS was diagnosed according to IDF criteria. RESULTS The prevalance of vitamin D deficieny in obese children and adolescent was 46.6%. Low levels of vitamin D were associated with increased carotis intima media thickness and metabolic syndrome (p=0.03, p=0.04, respectively). For clinical cardiovascular risk factors, mutivariable regression analyses showed that low vitamin D level was best predictor of c-IMT. CONCLUSIONS In this study we showed an association between low vitamin D status and atherosclerosis independent of traditional risk factors in obese children and adolescents.
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Strawbridge RJ, Deleskog A, McLeod O, Folkersen L, Kavousi M, Gertow K, Baldassarre D, Veglia F, Leander K, Gigante B, Kauhanen J, Rauramaa R, Smit AJ, Mannarino E, Giral P, Dehghan A, Hofman A, Franco OH, Humphries SE, Tremoli E, de Faire U, Gustafsson S, Östensson CG, Eriksson P, Öhrvik J, Hamsten A. A serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration-associated genetic variant in DHCR7 interacts with type 2 diabetes status to influence subclinical atherosclerosis (measured by carotid intima-media thickness). Diabetologia 2014; 57:1159-72. [PMID: 24663808 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The findings of studies investigating whether or not low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration promotes development of atherosclerosis have been contradictory. The present study employed a Mendelian randomisation approach and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate marker of coronary artery disease, to address this question. METHODS The multicentre, longitudinal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and IMT-Progression as Predictors of Vascular Events in a High-Risk European Population (IMPROVE) cohort study, which enrolled individuals with at least three cardiovascular risk factors and no history or symptoms of cardiovascular disease, was used for the present investigation. Participants underwent carotid ultrasound examination at baseline and at months 15 and 30. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration in genome-wide association studies were identified and genotyped in 3,418 individuals, of whom 929 had type 2 diabetes. RESULTS SNPs in the genes encoding vitamin D binding protein (GC; rs2282679 and rs7041) and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase/NAD synthetase-1 (DHCR7; rs12785878 and rs3829251) were negatively associated with 25(OH)D levels. Effect sizes and significance of associations between SNPs and 25(OH)D levels differed between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes, although no significant interactions were observed. A SNP in DHCR7 interacted with type 2 diabetes to significantly influence progression of cIMT measures independent of 25(OH)D levels and established risk factors. Expression analysis demonstrated that this SNP modulates DHCR7 mRNA levels in aortic adventitia. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION SNPs in GC and DHCR7 were associated with serum levels of 25(OH)D, but only rs3829251 (DHCR7) influenced progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, as measured by cIMT, in a manner dependent on type 2 diabetes status but independent of 25(OH)D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Building L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden,
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Vitamin D insufficiency and subclinical atherosclerosis in non-diabetic males living with HIV. J Int AIDS Soc 2014; 17:18945. [PMID: 24836607 PMCID: PMC4021989 DOI: 10.7448/ias.17.1.18945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in the non-HIV population. This study evaluates the relationship among serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, cardiovascular risk factors, adipokines, antiviral therapy (ART) and subclinical atherosclerosis in HIV-infected males. Methods A cross-sectional study in ambulatory care was made in non-diabetic patients living with HIV. VDI was defined as 25(OH)D serum levels <75 nmol/L. Fasting lipids, glucose, inflammatory markers (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and endothelial markers (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, or PAI-I) were measured. The common carotid artery intima-media thickness (C-IMT) was determined. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was made to identify factors associated with the presence of VDI, while multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with common C-IMT. Results Eighty-nine patients were included (age 42±8 years), 18.9% were in CDC (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) stage C and 75 were on ART. VDI was associated with ART exposure, sedentary lifestyle, higher triglycerides levels and PAI-I. In univariate analysis, VDI was associated with greater common C-IMT. The multivariate linear regression model, adjusted by confounding factors, revealed an independent association between common C-IMT and patient age, time of exposure to protease inhibitors (PIs) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). In contrast, there were no independent associations between common C-IMT and VDI or inflammatory and endothelial markers. Conclusions VDI was not independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in non-diabetic males living with HIV. Older age, a longer exposure to PIs, and IFG were independent factors associated with common C-IMT in this population.
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Hao Y, Ma X, Luo Y, Ni J, Dou J, Zhu J, Bao Y, Jia W. Additional role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3levels in atherosclerosis in Chinese middle-aged and elderly men. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:174-9. [PMID: 24471522 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Yuqi Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Jianxin Dou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Jiaan Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine; Shanghai China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus; Shanghai China
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Walker MD, Cong E, Kepley A, Di Tullio MR, Rundek T, Homma S, Lee JA, Liu R, Young P, Zhang C, McMahon DJ, Silverberg SJ. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and subclinical cardiovascular disease in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:671-80. [PMID: 24285686 PMCID: PMC3913802 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vitamin D (25OHD) deficiency may be a modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. 25OHD insufficiency (20-29 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL) are common in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), but their association with CV disease in PHPT has not been systematically investigated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether low 25OHD is associated with subclinical CV disease in PHPT. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional analysis of PHPT patients with and without low 25OHD. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 110 PHPT patients in a university hospital setting. OUTCOME MEASURES We measured carotid intima-media thickness; carotid plaque presence/thickness; carotid strain and stiffness; left ventricular mass index; cardiac systolic and diastolic function; and mitral annular calcification. RESULTS Low 25OHD levels (<30 ng/mL) were observed in 28%, but only 9% had 25OHD deficiency (<20 ng/mL). In the whole group, 25OHD levels negatively correlated with body mass index (r = -0.33, P = .0005), PTH (r = -0.30, P = .001), calcium (r = -0.29, P = .002), renal function, and PHPT duration. CV indices were normal except for carotid intima-media thickness, stiffness, and plaque thickness, which were increased, regardless of 25OHD status. Isovolumic relaxation time was the only CV measure associated with 25OHD (r = -0.26, P = .01). Those with 25OHD less than 20 ng/mL had more severe PHPT and a higher rate of nephrolithiasis. Those with 25OHD less than 30 ng/mL were younger, had higher body mass index, had lower serum phosphate, and were more likely to be male, nonwhite, and Hispanic. Other than lower tissue Doppler e' and higher isovolumic relaxation time within normal range in those with 25OHD less than 30 vs greater than 30 ng/mL, there were no differences in CV indices using either 25OHD threshold. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mild PHPT have subclinical carotid abnormalities, but low 25OHD is not associated with abnormal carotid or cardiac measures. To the extent that PTH levels differentiated those with 25OHD less than 20 but not 30 ng/mL, these data support a 25OHD threshold of 20 ng/mL as clinically relevant in PHPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella D Walker
- Departments of Medicine (M.D.W., E.C., A.K., M.R.D.T., S.H., R.L., P.Y., C.Z., D.J.M., S.J.S.) and Surgery (J.A.L.), Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032; and Department of Neurology (T.R.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136
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Tsuda K. Letter by Tsuda regarding article, "Serum alkaline phosphatase and phosphate in cerebral atherosclerosis and functional outcomes after cerebral infarction". Stroke 2014; 45:e46. [PMID: 24448990 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.004276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Tsuda
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Center, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka, Japan
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Chaudhuri JR, Mridula KR, Alladi S, Anamika A, Umamahesh M, Balaraju B, Swath A, Bandaru VCSS. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d deficiency in ischemic stroke and subtypes in Indian patients. J Stroke 2014; 16:44-50. [PMID: 24741564 PMCID: PMC3961818 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2014.16.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vitamin D deficiency is common across all age groups and may contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency causing ischemic stroke has been documented in recent reports. AIM To investigate the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency with ischemic stroke and subtypes. METHODS We recruited 250 consecutive ischemic stroke patients and 250 age and sex matched controls attending the Department of Neurology, at Yashoda hospital, Hyderabad, India, from January 2011 to December 2012. All ischemic stroke patients underwent stroke subtyping. We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D by chemiluminescence test, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in cases and controls. RESULTS Out of 250 stroke patients, 190 (76%) were men and mean age was 58.4±11.1 years (age range-26-89 years). 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was observed in 122 (48.8%) stroke patients and 79 (31.6%) controls (P=0.001). Among stroke patients, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was found in 54.9% (50/91) of patients with large artery atherosclerosis, 54% (20/37) in cardioembolic stroke, 44.4% (20/45) in small artery diseases, 42.8% (15/35) in stroke of other determined etiology and 40.4% (17/42) in stroke of un-determined etiology. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an independent association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency with ischemic stroke (odds ratio: 1.6; 95% CI 1.2-2.8). The association was strongest with large artery atherosclerosis (odds ratio: 2.4; 95% CI 1.6-3.5) and cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% CI 1.0-3.2). CONCLUSIONS We found that 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency had an independent association with ischemic stroke. The association was established in large artery arthrosclerosis and cardioembolic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Rukmini Mridula
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institution of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suvarna Alladi
- Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institution of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Anamika
- Department of Biochemistry, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - M. Umamahesh
- Department of Radiology, Yashoda Hospital Hyderabad, India
| | - Banda Balaraju
- Department of Medicine, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Swath
- Department of Neurology, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - VCS Srinivasarao Bandaru
- Department of Neurology, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Clinical Research, Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India
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