1
|
Cafora M, Rovelli S, Cattaneo A, Pistocchi A, Ferrari L. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter exposure impairs innate immune and inflammatory responses to a pathogen stimulus: A functional study in the zebrafish model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123841. [PMID: 38521398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with the activation of adverse inflammatory responses, increasing the risk of developing acute respiratory diseases, such as those caused by pathogen infections. However, the functional mechanisms underlying this evidence remain unclear. In the present study, we generated a zebrafish model of short-term exposure to a specific PM2.5, collected in the northern metropolitan area of Milan, Italy. First, we assessed the immunomodulatory effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure and observed that it elicited pro-inflammatory effects by inducing the expression of cytokines and triggering hyper-activation of both neutrophil and macrophage cell populations. Moreover, we examined the impact of a secondary infectious pro-inflammatory stimulus induced through the injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (Pa-LPS) molecules after exposure to short-term PM2.5. In this model, we demonstrated that the innate immune response was less responsive to a second pro-inflammatory infectious stimulus. Indeed, larvae exhibited dampened leukocyte activation and impaired production of reactive oxygen species. The obtained results indicate that short-term PM2.5 exposure alters the immune microenvironment and affects the inflammatory processes, thus potentially weakening the resistance to pathogen infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cafora
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- RAHH LAB, Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- RAHH LAB, Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Anna Pistocchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET LAB, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Unit of Occupational Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng H, Wang M, Wang Y, Niu Z, Suo F, Liu J, Zhou T, Yao S. The association between indoor air pollution from solid fuels and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024:reveh-2023-0158. [PMID: 38413202 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively and methodically evaluate the correlation between cognitive impairment and indoor air pollution from solid fuel used for cooking/heating. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December January 2023. 13 studies from three countries with a total of 277,001 participants were enrolled. A negative correlation was discovered between solid fuel usage for cooking and total cognitive score (β=-0.73, 95 % CI: -0.90 to -0.55) and episodic memory score (β=-0.23, 95 % CI: -0.30 to -0.17). Household solid fuel usage for cooking was considerably associated with a raised risk of cognitive impairment (HR=1.31, 95 % CI: 1.09-1.57) and cognitive decline (HR=1.24, 95 % CI: 1.18-1.30). Compared to continuous solid fuel use for cooking, sustained use of clean fuel and switching from solid fuel to clean fuel were associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline (OR=0.55, 95 % CI: 0.42-0.73; OR=0.81, 95 % CI: 0.71-0.93). A negative association was found between solid fuel usage for heating and total cognitive score (β=-0.43, 95 % CI: -0.59 to -0.26) and episodic memory score (β=-0.22, 95 % CI: -0.34 to -0.10). Our research provided evidence that exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuel is a potential cause of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline. Making the switch from solid fuels to cleaner fuels could be an important step in preventing cognitive impairment in the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Peng
- 47839 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Miyuan Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yichong Wang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zuohu Niu
- Department of Infections, 12517 Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Feiya Suo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 532949 Dongguan People's Hospital , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixiang Liu
- 47839 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Zhou
- 47839 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine , Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, 36635 China-Japan Friendship Hospital , Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Henning RJ. Particulate Matter Air Pollution is a Significant Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102094. [PMID: 37734693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is responsible worldwide for 9-12 million deaths annually. The major contributor to air pollution is particulate matter ≤2.5 µg per cubic meter of air (PM2.5) from vehicles, industrial emissions, and wildfire smoke. United States ambient air standards recommend annual average PM2.5 concentrations of ≤12 μg/m³ while European standards allow an average annual PM2.5 concentration of ≤20 μg/m3. However, significant PM2.5 cardiovascular and pulmonary health risks exist below these concentrations. Chronic PM2.5 exposure significantly increases major cardiovascular and pulmonary event risks in Americans by 8 to more than 20% for each 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. PM2.5-induced increases in lipid peroxidation, induction of vascular inflammation and endothelial cell injury initiate and propagate respiratory diseases, coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. PM2.5 can cause atherosclerotic vascular plaque rupture and myocardial infarction and stroke by activating metalloproteinases. This article discusses PM2.5 effects on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, specific PM2.5 pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to cardiopulmonary disease, and preventive measures to limit the cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of PM2.5.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang X, Liang L, Fan Y. Two-sample mendelian randomization analysis investigates ambient fine particulate matter's impact on cardiovascular disease development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20129. [PMID: 37978283 PMCID: PMC10656567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PM2.5, a key component of air pollution, significantly threatens public health. Cardiovascular disease is increasingly associated with air pollution, necessitating more research. This study used a meticulous two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the potential causal link between elevated PM2.5 levels and 25 types of cardiovascular diseases. Data sourced from the UK Biobank, focusing on individuals of European ancestry, underwent primary analysis using Inverse Variance Weighting. Additional methods such as MR-Egger, weighted median, Simple mode, and Weighted mode provided support. Sensitivity analyses assessed instrument variable heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and potential weak instrument variables. The study revealed a causal link between PM2.5 exposure and higher diagnoses of Atherosclerotic heart disease (primary or secondary, OR [95% CI] 1.0307 [1.0103-1.0516], p-value = 0.003 and OR [95% CI] 1.0179 [1.0028-1.0333], p-value = 0.0202) and Angina pectoris (primary or secondary, OR [95% CI] 1.0303 [1.0160-1.0449], p-value = 3.04e-05 and OR [95% CI] 1.0339 [1.0081-1.0603], p-value = 0.0096). Additionally, PM2.5 exposure increased the likelihood of diagnoses like Other forms of chronic ischaemic heart disease (secondary, OR [95% CI] 1.0193 [1.0042-1.0346], p-value = 0.0121), Essential hypertension (secondary, OR [95% CI] 1.0567 [1.0142-1.1010], p-value = 0.0085), Palpitations (OR [95% CI] 1.0163 [1.0071-1.0257], p-value = 5e-04), and Stroke (OR [95% CI] 1.0208 [1.0020-1.0401], p-value = 0.0301). Rigorous sensitivity analyses confirmed these significant findings' robustness and validity. Our study revealed the causal effect between higher PM2.5 concentrations and increased cardiovascular disease risks. This evidence is vital for policymakers and healthcare providers, urging targeted interventions to reduce PM2.5 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lianjing Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuchao Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 55, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toubasi A, Al-Sayegh TN. Short-term Exposure to Air Pollution and Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2023; 101:e1922-e1932. [PMID: 37758483 PMCID: PMC10662999 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Approximately 5 million fatalities occur annually due to stroke, along with its substantial effects on patient well-being and functional impairment. Research has established a connection between extended exposure to air pollutants and ischemic stroke. However, the link between short-term exposure to air pollutants and stroke remains less definitive. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Sciences databases up until February 2023, without any language restrictions. The inclusion criteria encompassed observational or interventional studies that examined the correlation between short-term exposure to air pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], sulfur dioxide [SO2], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3]) and particulate matter with diameters of less than 1 µm, less than 2.5 µm, or less than 10 µm (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10), with the incidence and mortality of ischemic stroke. Short-term exposure was defined as exposure occurring within 5 days of the onset of stroke. RESULTS A total of 18,035,408 cases of ischemic stroke were included in the analysis, derived from 110 observational studies. Asia accounted for most included studies, representing 58.8% of the total. By contrast, Europe and the Americas contributed 24.6% and 16.7% of the studies, respectively. Notably, none of the included studies were conducted in Africa. Stroke incidence was significantly associated with an increase in the concentration of NO2 (RR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.21-1.36), O3 (RR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.03-1.07), CO (RR = 1.26; 95% CI 1.21-1.32), SO2 (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.11-1.19), PM1 (RR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.06-1.12), PM2.5 (RR = 1.15; 95% CI 1.13-1.17), and PM10 (RR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.12-1.16). Moreover, an increase in the concentration of NO2 (RR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.07-1.65), SO2 (RR = 1.60; 95% CI 1.05-2.44), PM2.5 (RR = 1.09; 95% CI 1.04-1.15), and PM10 (RR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.00-1.04) was associated with an increase in stroke mortality. DISCUSSION There is a strong and significant correlation between gaseous and particulate air pollutants and the occurrence and mortality rates of stroke. This close temporal association underscores the importance of implementing global initiatives to develop policies aimed at reducing air pollution. By doing so, alleviate the burden of ischemic stroke and its consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Toubasi
- From the Faculty of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bo Y, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Chang H, Zhang J, Lao XQ, Yu Z. Spatiotemporal Trends of Stroke Burden Attributable to Ambient PM 2.5 in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990-2019: A Global Analysis. Neurology 2023; 101:e764-e776. [PMID: 37380431 PMCID: PMC10437020 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies suggested that long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with increased risk of stroke. However, limited studies evaluated the stroke burden attributable to ambient PM2.5 globally, especially comprising across different regions, countries, and social-economic levels. We thus conducted this study to estimate the spatial and temporal trends of ambient PM2.5-related stroke burden by sex, age, and subtypes from 1990 to 2019 at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS Information on the ambient PM2.5-related stroke burden from 1990 to 2019 was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The burdens of stroke attributable to ambient PM2.5 (i.e., age-standardized mortality rate [ASMR] and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate [ASDR]) were estimated by sex, age, and subtypes from 1990 to 2019 at global, regional, and national levels. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to evaluate the changing trends of ASDR and ASMR attributable to ambient PM2.5 from 1990 to 2019. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between sociodemographic index (SDI) and EAPC of ASMR and ASDR at the national level. RESULTS In 2019, the global ambient PM2.5-related stroke mortality and disability-adjusted life years were 1.14 million and 28.74 million, respectively, with the corresponding ASDR and ASMR of 348.1 and 14.3 per 100,000 population, respectively. The ASDR and ASMR increased with age and were highest among male patients, in the middle SDI regions, and for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). From 1990 to 2019, the absolute death number of stroke attributable to ambient PM2.5 and the corresponding ASMR and ASDR were both in an increasing trend. The corresponding EAPCs in ASMR and ASDR were 0.09 (95% CI -0.05 to 0.24) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.18-0.44), respectively. The significant increases of ASMR and ASDR were observed in the low, low-middle, and middle SDI regions, and for ICH. However, a decreasing trend was observed in high and middle-high SDI regions, and for subarachnoid hemorrhage. DISCUSSION The global burden of stroke attributable to ambient PM2.5 showed an increasing trend over the past 30 years, especially in male patients, low-income countries, and for ICH. Continued efforts on reducing the level of ambient PM2.5 are necessary to reduce the burden of stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Bo
- From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong
| | - Hui Chang
- From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong
| | - Junxi Zhang
- From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong
| | - Zengli Yu
- From the School of Public Health (Y.B., Z.Y.), Zhengzhou University; Department of Cardiology (Y.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (X.Z., H.C.); NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention (J.Z.), Zhengzhou, China; and Department of Biomedical Sciences (X.Q.L.), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu Z, Han Z, Wang J, Jin R, Li Z, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Lv S, Zhao X, Liu Y, Guo X, Tao L. Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Constituents and Progression of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity in Beijing: Modifying Effect of Greenness. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000796. [PMID: 37449300 PMCID: PMC10337285 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have explored the effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents on the progression of cerebral blood flow velocity (BFV) and the potential modifying role of greenness. In this study, we investigated the association of PM2.5 and its constituents, including sulfate (SO4 2-), nitrate (NO3 -), ammonium (NH4 +), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), with the progression of BFV in the middle cerebral artery. Participants from the Beijing Health Management Cohort who underwent at least two transcranial Doppler sonography examinations during 2015-2020 were recruited. BFV change and BFV change rate were used to define the progression of cerebral BFV. Linear mixed effects models were employed to analyze the data, and the weighted quantile sum regression assessed the contribution of PM2.5 constituents. Additionally, greenness was examined as a modifier. Among the examined constituents, OM exhibited the strongest association with BFV progression. An interquartile range increase in PM2.5 and OM exposure concentrations was associated with a decrease of -16.519 cm/s (95% CI: -17.837, -15.201) and -15.403 cm/s (95% CI: -16.681, -14.126) in BFV change, and -10.369 cm/s/year (95% CI: -11.387, -9.352) and -9.615 cm/s/year (95% CI: -10.599, -8.632) in BFV change rate, respectively. Furthermore, stronger associations between PM2.5 and BFV progression were observed in individuals working in areas with lower greenness, those aged under 45 years, and females. In conclusion, reducing PM2.5 levels in the air, particularly the OM constituent, and enhancing greenness could potentially contribute to the protection of cerebrovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongkai Xu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ze Han
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jinqi Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rui Jin
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Center of Precision HealthSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWAAustralia
| | - Zemeng Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shiyun Lv
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yueruijing Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lixin Tao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment and prevention, stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. There is a critical need to identify novel modifiable risk factors for disease, including environmental agents. A body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that elevated levels of ambient air pollutants may not only trigger cerebrovascular events in susceptible people (short-term exposures) but also increase the risk of future events (long-term average exposures). This review assesses the updated evidence for both short and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution as a risk factor for stroke incidence and outcomes. It discusses the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and makes recommendations to mitigate exposure on a personal and community level. The evidence indicates that reduction in air pollutant concentrations represent a significant population-level opportunity to reduce risk of cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (E.R.K.)
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K.)
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle (J.D.K., C.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Timmermans EJ, Leeuwis AE, Bots ML, van Alphen JL, Biessels GJ, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Kappelle LJ, van Rossum AC, van Osch MJP, Vaartjes I. Neighbourhood walkability in relation to cognitive functioning in patients with disorders along the heart-brain axis. Health Place 2023; 79:102956. [PMID: 36525834 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations of neighbourhood walkability with cognitive functioning (i.e., global cognition, memory, language, attention-psychomotor speed, and executive functioning) in participants without or with either heart failure, carotid occlusive disease, or vascular cognitive impairment. Neighbourhood walkability at baseline was positively associated with global cognition and attention-psychomotor speed. These associations were stronger in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. Individuals who live in residential areas with higher walkability levels were less likely to have impairments in language and executive functioning at two-year follow-up. These findings highlight the importance of the built environment for cognitive functioning in healthy and vulnerable groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna E Leeuwis
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliette L van Alphen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - L Jaap Kappelle
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert C van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng S, Huang F, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang X. The pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms of atmospheric PM 2.5 affecting cardiovascular health: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114444. [PMID: 38321663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5, with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) is a leading environmental risk factor for global cardiovascular health concern. OBJECTIVE To provide a roadmap for those new to this field, we reviewed the new insights into the pathophysiological and cellular/molecular mechanisms of PM2.5 responsible for cardiovascular health. MAIN FINDINGS PM2.5 is able to disrupt multiple physiological barriers integrity and translocate into the systemic circulation and get access to a range of secondary target organs. An ever-growing body of epidemiological and controlled exposure studies has evidenced a causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A variety of cellular and molecular biology mechanisms responsible for the detrimental cardiovascular outcomes attributable to PM2.5 exposure have been described, including metabolic activation, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammation, dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling, disturbance of autophagy, and induction of apoptosis, by which PM2.5 exposure impacts the functions and fates of multiple target cells in cardiovascular system or related organs and further alters a series of pathophysiological processes, such as cardiac autonomic nervous system imbalance, increasing blood pressure, metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability, platelet aggregation and thrombosis, and disruption in cardiac structure and function, ultimately leading to cardiovascular events and death. Therein, oxidative stress and inflammation were suggested to play pivotal roles in those pathophysiological processes. CONCLUSION Those biology mechanisms have deepen insights into the etiology, course, prevention and treatment of this public health concern, although the underlying mechanisms have not yet been entirely clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Feng
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Fangfang Huang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yashi Feng
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Heath, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yunchang Cao
- The Department of Molecular Biology, School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou 510640, China; The State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao L, Qin JX, Shi JQ, Jiang T, Wang F, Xie C, Gao Q, Zhi N, Dong Q, Guan YT. Fine particulate matter exposure aggravates ischemic injury via NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1045-1058. [PMID: 35403328 PMCID: PMC9160454 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Accumulating evidence has suggested that airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate the role and mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in ischemic stroke after PM2.5 exposure. Methods The BV‐2 and HMC‐3 microglial cell lines were established and subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) with or without PM2.5 exposure. We used the CCK‐8 assay to explore the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability of BV‐2 and HMC‐3 cells. Then, the effects of PM2.5 exposure on NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis following OGD/R were detected by western blotting, ELISA, and the confocal immunofluorescence staining. Afterwards, NLRP3 was knocked down to further validate the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis after OGD/R in HMC‐3 cells. Finally, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured and the ROS inhibitor N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) was used to investigate whether ROS was required for PM2.5‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis under ischemic conditions. Results We found that PM2.5 exposure decreased the viability of BV‐2 and HMC‐3 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner under ischemic conditions. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis after OGD/R, as indicated by an increased expression of NLRP3, ASC, pro‐caspase‐1, Caspase‐1, GSDMD, and GSDMD‐N; increased production of IL‐1β and IL‐18; and enhanced Caspase‐1 activity and SYTOX green uptake. However, shRNA NLRP3 treatment attenuated the effects of PM2.5 on cell viability, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Moreover, we observed that PM2.5 exposure increased the production of intracellular ROS following OGD/R, while inhibiting ROS production with NAC partially attenuated PM2.5‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis under ischemic conditions. Conclusion These results suggested that PM2.5 exposure triggered the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis under ischemic conditions, which may be mediated by increased ROS production after ischemic stroke. These findings may provide a more enhanced understanding of the interplay between PM2.5 and neuroinflammation and cell death, and reveal a novel mechanism of PM2.5‐mediated toxic effects after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Xing Qin
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Quan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhi
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Tai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ye H, Tang J, Luo L, Yang T, Fan K, Xu L. High-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) is associated with PM 2.5 exposure in young adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40701-40710. [PMID: 35084680 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18862-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to examine PM2.5 exposure, blood pressure (SBP and DBP) measurement, and hypertension risk factors and to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and hypertension among young adults. The mean SBP was 117.78 mmHg, with 11.22% high-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) and 2.51% hypertension (≥ 140 mmHg). DBP was 75.48 mmHg with 26.37% prehypertension and 4.53% hypertension (≥ 90 mmHg). The median PM2.5 in the past year was 31.79 μg/m3, with highest in winter (49.33 μg/m3), followed by spring (37.34 μg/m3), autumn (29.64 μg/m3), and summer (24.33 μg/m3). Blood pressure was positively correlated with age, height, weight, BMI, daily smoking, alcohol consumption, mental stress, and staying up in the past 1 year, and negatively with season-specific temperature. After adjustment for the covariates, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with SBP (day 1 = 1.07 mmHg, day 3 = 1.25 mmHg, day 5 = 1.01 mmHg) and DBP (day 1 = 1.06 mmHg, day 3 = 1.28 mmHg, day 5 = 1.29 mmHg, day 15 = 0.87 mmHg, day 30 = 0.56 mmHg). Exposure in winter and the past year was associated with 1.21 mmHg and 0.95 increase mmHg in SBP, respectively. Logistic models showed for every 1 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, SBP in day 1 and day 5 was increased by 6% and 4%, and DPB by 3% and 16%, respectively. SBP was increased by 8% in spring and 19% in winter, and DBP was increased by 7% in winter. Our data suggest a certain prevalence of pre- or hypertension among young population, which is associated with short-term fluctuation and season-specific exposure of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaze Ye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pathology, Municipal Key‑Innovative Discipline of Molecular Diagnostics, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Leiqin Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Tianjian Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Kedi Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiaxing Nanhu University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Public Health, Forensic and Pathology Laboratory, Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Electronics and Digital Health, Institute of Forensic Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, ZJ, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu R, Wang Q, Wei J, Lu W, Wang R, Liu T, Wang Y, Fan Z, Li Y, Xu L, Shi C, Li G, Chen G, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Sun H. Association of short-term exposure to ambient air pollution with mortality from ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:1994-2005. [PMID: 35363940 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to increased risk of stroke mortality, but its adverse effects on mortality from specific types of stroke including ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke remain poorly understood. METHODS Using the China National Mortality Surveillance System, we conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study among 412,567 stroke deaths in Jiangsu province, China during 2015-2019. Residential daily PM2.5 , PM10 , SO2 , NO2 , CO and O3 exposure concentration was extracted from the ChinaHighAirPollutants dataset for each subject. Conditional logistic regression models were performed to conduct exposure-response analysis. RESULTS Each 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 , PM10 , SO2 , NO2 , CO and O3 was respectively associated with a 1.44%, 0.93%, 5.55%, 2.90%, 0.148%, and 0.54% increase in odds of mortality from ischemic stroke, which was significantly stronger than that from hemorrhagic stroke (percent change in odds: 0.74%, 0.51%, 3.11%, 1.15%, 0.090%, and 0.10%). The excess fraction of ischemic stroke mortality associated with PM2.5 , PM10 , SO2 , NO2 , CO, and O3 exposure was 6.90%, 6.48%, 8.21%, 8.61%, 9.67%, and 4.76%, respectively, which was also significantly higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke mortality (excess fraction: 3.49%, 3.48%, 4.69%, 3.48%, 5.86%, and 0.88%). These differences in adverse effects generally remained across sex, age, and season. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was significantly associated with increased risk of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke mortality and posed considerable excess mortality. Our results suggest that air pollution exposure may lead to substantially greater adverse effects on mortality from ischemic stroke than that from hemorrhagic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Wenfeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Luohu District Chronic Disease Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoyu Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luxi Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- Meteorological Data Laboratory, National Meteorological Information Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Institute of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oh E, Choi KH, Kim SR, Kwon HJ, Bae S. Association of indoor and outdoor short-term PM2.5 exposure with blood pressure among school children. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e13013. [PMID: 35347791 DOI: 10.1111/ina.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The association between particulate matter and children's increased blood pressure is inconsistent, and few studies have evaluated indoor exposure, accounting for time-activity. The present study aimed to examine the association between personal short-term exposure to PM2.5 and blood pressure in children. We conducted a panel study with up to three physical examinations during different seasons of 2018 (spring, summer, and fall) among 52 children. The indoor PM2.5 concentration was continuously measured at home and classroom of each child using indoor air quality monitors. The outdoor PM2.5 concentration was measured from the nearest monitoring station. We constructed a mixed effect model to analyze the association of short-term indoor and outdoor PM2.5 exposure accounting for time-activity of each participant with blood pressure. The average PM2.5 concentration was 34.3 ± 9.2 μg/m3 and it was highest in the spring. The concentration measured at homes was generally higher than that measured at outdoor monitoring station. A 10-μg/m3 increment of the up to previous 3-day mean (lag0-3) PM2.5 concentration was associated with 2.7 mmHg (95%CI = 0.8, 4.0) and 2.1 mmHg (95%CI = 0.3, 4.0) increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. In a panel study comprehensively evaluating both indoor and outdoor exposures, which enabled more accurate exposure assessment, we observed a statistically significant association between blood pressure and PM2.5 exposure in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sung Roul Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Soon Chun Hyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Environmental Health Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ning R, Li Y, Du Z, Li T, Sun Q, Lin L, Xu Q, Duan J, Sun Z. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ attenuated PM 2.5-induced vascular fibrosis via regulating mitophagy. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102113. [PMID: 34425389 PMCID: PMC8379696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term PM2.5 exposure is related to vascular remodeling and stiffness. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ is reported to improve the occurrence and development of mitochondrial redox-related diseases. At present, there is limited data on whether MitoQ can alleviate the vascular damage caused by PM2.5. Therefore, the current study was aimed to evaluate the protective role of MitoQ on aortic fibrosis induced by PM2.5 exposure. Vascular Doppler ultrasound manifested PM2.5 damaged both vascular function and structure in C57BL/6J mice. Histopathological analysis found that PM2.5 induced aortic fibrosis and disordered elastic fibers, accompanied by collagen I/III deposition and synthetic phenotype remodeling of vascular smooth muscle cells; while these alterations were partially alleviated following MitoQ treatment. We further demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and activated superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP and increased intracellular Ca2+, as well as mitochondrial fragmentation caused by increased Drp1 expression and decreased Mfn2 expression, occurred in PM2.5-exposed aorta or human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs), which were reversed by MitoQ. Moreover, the enhanced expressions of LC3II/I, p62, PINK1 and Parkin regulated mitophagy in PM2.5-exposed aorta and HAVSMCs were weakened by MitoQ. Transfection with PINK1 siRNA in PM2.5-exposed HAVSMCs further improved the effects of MitoQ on HAVSMCs synthetic phenotype remodeling, mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy. In summary, our data demonstrated that MitoQ treatment had a protective role in aortic fibrosis after PM2.5 exposure through mitochondrial quality control, which regulated by mitochondrial ROS/PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Our study provides a possible targeted therapy for PM2.5-induced arterial stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qinglin Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Lisen Lin
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qing Xu
- Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Short-term air pollution, cognitive performance and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:430-437. [PMID: 34841262 PMCID: PMC8622756 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially the fine particulate matter (PM2.5), may impair cognitive performance1-3, but its short-term impact remains poorly understood. We investigated the short-term associations of PM2.5 with the cognitive performances of 954 white males measured as the global cognitive function (GCF) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, and further explored whether taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could modify their relationships. Higher short-term exposure to PM2.5 demonstrated non-linear negative associations with cognitive function. Compared with the lowest quartile of the 28-day average PM2.5 concentration, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles were associated with 0.378-, 0.376-, and 0.499-unit decreases in GCF score, 0.484-, 0.315-, and 0.414-unit decreases in MMSE score, and 69%, 45%, and 63% greater odds of low MMSE scores (≤25), respectively. Such adverse effects were attenuated among NSAIDs users compared to non-users. This study elucidates the short-term impacts of air pollution on cognition and warrants further investigations on the modifying effects of NSAIDs.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Cao L, Gao J, Xia Y. The effects of household solid fuel use on self-reported and performance-based physical functioning in middle-aged and older Chinese populations: A cross-sectional study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112053. [PMID: 33609997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical limitation, which has been linked to outdoor air pollution exposure in previous studies, is a risk factor for disability and even for premature death. Although people often spend more time indoors, the relationship between indoor air pollution and physical function has not been fully explored. METHODS The associations of household fuel types with self-reported and performance-based physical functioning were tested on a total of 12,458 participants in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARL), using generalized linear models and logistic regression models. Additionally, subgroup analyses according to smoking status and number of chronic diseases, were performed regarding these associations. RESULTS Our results revealed that after adjusting for potential confounds, solid fuel use in cooking showed -0.08 (-0.13, -0.04) and -0.15 (-0.23, -0.06) declines in self-reported and performance-based physical functioning scores (higher scores means fewer physical limitations), when compared with cleaner groups, respectively. Considering these outcomes as binary variables, the ORs (95% CIs) for abnormal self-reported and performance-based physical functioning in the solid fuel cooking group were 1.226 (1.053-1.427) and 1.194 (1.072-1.330), respectively. No significant association between heating fuel use and physical functioning was observed. Additionally, no modification effect of smoking status and the number of chronic diseases on the association between cooking fuel use and performance-based physical functioning was observed (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that solid cooking fuel use may be associated with self-reported and performance-based physical functioning decline of middle-aged and elder Chinese populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Cao
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Disease, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China
| | - Jie Gao
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, 83 Jintang Road, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China; Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Disease, Hedong District, Tianjin 300170, China.
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges humanity is facing in the 21st century. Two recognized sequelae of climate change are global warming and air pollution. The gradual increase in ambient temperature, coupled with elevated pollution levels have a devastating effect on our health, potentially contributing to the increased rate and severity of numerous neurological disorders. The main aim of this review paper is to shed some light on the association between the phenomena of global warming and air pollution, and two of the most common and debilitating neurological conditions: stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. Extreme ambient temperatures induce neurological impairment and increase stroke incidence and mortality. Global warming does not participate in the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders, but it exacerbates symptoms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). A very close link exists between accumulated levels of air pollutants (principally particulate matter), and the incidence of ischemic rather than hemorrhagic strokes. People exposed to air pollutants have a higher risk of developing dementia and AD, but not PD. Oxidative stress, changes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular haemodynamics, excitotoxicity, microglial activation, and cellular apoptosis, all play a central role in the overlap of the effect of climate change on neurological disorders. The complex interactions between global warming and air pollution, and their intricate effect on the nervous system, imply that future policies aimed to mitigate climate change must address these two challenges in unison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zammit
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | - Natalia Torzhenskaya
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| | | | - Jean Calleja Agius
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Impact of Air Pollution on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:69-78. [PMID: 33009291 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the development of industrialization in human society, ambient pollutants are becoming more harmful to human health. Epidemiological and toxicological studies indicate that a close relationship exists between particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). To further confirm the relationship, we focus on possible relevant mechanisms of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation underlying the association between PM2.5 and neurodegenerative diseases in the review. METHODS A literature search was performed on the studies about PM2.5 and neurodegenerative diseases via PubMed. A total of 113 articles published were selected, and 31 studies were included. RESULTS PM2.5 can enter the central nervous system through 2 main pathways, the blood-brain barrier and olfactory neurons. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress are 2 primary mechanisms via which PM2.5 leads to toxicity in the brain. PM2.5 abnormally activates microglia, inducing the neuroinflammatory process. Inflammatory markers such as IL-1β play an essential role in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD. Moreover, the association between lipid mechanism disorders related to PM2.5 and neurodegenerative diseases has been gaining momentum. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PM2.5 could significantly increase the risk of neurological disorders, such as AD and PD. Furthermore, any policy aimed at reducing air-polluting emissions and increasing air quality would be protective in human beings.
Collapse
|
21
|
Shaffer RM, Sheppard L, Peskind ER, Zhang J, Adar SD, Li G. Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Vascular Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 71:1015-1025. [PMID: 31476158 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrovascular diseases play an important role in dementia. Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular disease, with growing links to neurodegeneration. Prior studies demonstrate associations between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and biomarkers of endothelial injury in the blood; however, no studies have evaluated these biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). OBJECTIVE We evaluate associations between short-term and long-term PM2.5 exposure with CSF vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and e-selectin in cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals. METHODS We collected CSF from 133 community volunteers at VA Puget Sound between 2001-2012. We assigned short-term PM2.5 from central monitors and long-term PM2.5 based on annual average exposure predictions linked to participant addresses. We performed analyses stratified by cognitive status and adjusted for key covariates with tiered models. Our primary exposure windows for the short-term and long-term analyses were 7-day and 1-year averages, respectively. RESULTS Among cognitively normal individuals, a 5 μg/m3 increase in 7-day and 1-year average PM2.5 was associated with elevated VCAM-1 (7-day: 35.4 (9.7, 61.1) ng/ml; 1-year: 51.8 (6.5, 97.1) ng/ml). A 5 μg/m3 increase in 1-year average PM2.5, but not 7-day average, was associated with elevated e-selectin (53.3 (11.0, 95.5) pg/ml). We found no consistent associations among MCI/AD individuals. CONCLUSIONS We report associations between short-term and long term PM2.5 and CSF biomarkers of vascular damage in cognitively normal adults. These results are aligned with prior research linking PM2.5 to vascular damage in other biofluids as well as emerging evidence of the role of PM2.5 in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Shaffer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lianne Sheppard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- VA Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara D Adar
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, WA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- VA Northwest Network Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang F, Liu J, Zeng H. Interactions of particulate matter and pulmonary surfactant: Implications for human health. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102244. [PMID: 32871405 PMCID: PMC7435289 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM), which is the primary contributor to air pollution, has become a pervasive global health threat. When PM enters into a respiratory tract, the first body tissues to be directly exposed are the cells of respiratory tissues and pulmonary surfactant. Pulmonary surfactant is a pivotal component to modulate surface tension of alveoli during respiration. Many studies have proved that PM would interact with pulmonary surfactant to affect the alveolar activity, and meanwhile, pulmonary surfactant would be adsorbed to the surface of PM to change the toxic effect of PM. This review focuses on recent studies of the interactions between micro/nanoparticles (synthesized and environmental particles) and pulmonary surfactant (natural surfactant and its models), as well as the health effects caused by PM through a few significant aspects, such as surface properties of PM, including size, surface charge, hydrophobicity, shape, chemical nature, etc. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that PM leads to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, fibrosis, and cancerization in living bodies. By providing a comprehensive picture of PM-surfactant interaction, this review will benefit both researchers for further studies and policy-makers for setting up more appropriate regulations to reduce the adverse effects of PM on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jifang Liu
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China.
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miller MR, Newby DE. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: car sick. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:279-294. [PMID: 31583404 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of inhaled particle matter (PM) are responsible for a substantial morbidity and mortality attributed to air pollution. Ultrafine particles, like those in diesel exhaust emissions, are a major source of nanoparticles in urban environments, and it is these particles that have the capacity to induce the most significant health effects. Research has shown that diesel exhaust exposure can have many detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system both acutely and chronically. This review provides an overview of the cardiovascular effects on PM in air pollution, with an emphasis on ultrafine particles in vehicle exhaust. We consider the biological mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects of PM and postulate that cardiovascular dysfunction may be implicated in the effects of PM in other organ systems. The employment of multiple strategies to tackle air pollution, and especially ultrafine particles from vehicles, is likely to be accompanied by improvements in cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH4 3RL, UK
| | - David E Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH4 3RL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wu PC, Cheng TJ, Kuo CP, Fu JS, Lai HC, Chiu TY, Lai LW. Transient risk of ambient fine particulate matter on hourly cardiovascular events in Tainan City, Taiwan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238082. [PMID: 32822436 PMCID: PMC7442245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between daily changes in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and cardiovascular diseases have been well established in mechanistic, epidemiologic and exposure studies. Only a few studies examined the effect of hourly variations in air pollution on triggering cardiovascular events. Whether the current PM2.5 standards can protect vulnerable individuals with chronic cardiovascular diseases remain uncertain. METHODS we conducted a time-stratified, case-crossover study to assess the associations between hourly changes in PM2.5 levels and the vascular disease onset in residents of Tainan City, Taiwan, visiting Emergency Room of Chi Mei Medical Center between January 2006 and December 2016. There were 26,749 cases including 10,310 females (38.5%) and 16,439 males (61.5%) identified. The time of emergency visit was identified as the onset for each case and control cases were selected as the same times on other days, on the same day of the week in the same month and year respectively. Residential address was used to identify the ambient air pollution exposure concentrations from the closest station. Conditional logistic regression with the stepwise selection method was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the association. RESULTS When we only included cases occurring at PM2.5>10 μg/m3 and PM2.5>25 μg/m3, very significant ORs could be observed for 10 μg/m3 increases in PM2.5 at 0 and 1 hour, implying fine particulate exposure could promptly trigger vascular disease events. Moreover, a very clear increase in risk could be observed with cumulative exposure from 0 to 48 hours, especially in those cases where PM2.5>25 μg/m3. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that transient and low concentrations of ambient PM2.5 trigger adult vascular disease events, especially cerebrovascular disease, regardless of age, sex, and exposure timing. Warning and delivery systems should be setup to protect people from these prompt adverse health impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chih Wu
- Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Safety and Health, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tain-Junn Cheng
- Departments of Neurology and Occupational Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pin Kuo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Joshua S. Fu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hsin-Chih Lai
- Department of Green Energy and Environmental Resources, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yun Chiu
- Environmental Research and Information Center, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lai
- Environmental Research and Information Center, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulick ER, Wellenius GA, Boehme AK, Joyce NR, Schupf N, Kaufman JD, Mayeux R, Sacco RL, Manly JJ, Elkind MSV. Long-term exposure to air pollution and trajectories of cognitive decline among older adults. Neurology 2020; 94:e1782-e1792. [PMID: 32269113 PMCID: PMC7274848 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive decline in older adults residing in an urban area. METHODS Data for this study were obtained from 2 prospective cohorts of residents in the northern Manhattan area of New York City: the Washington Heights-Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) and the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Participants of both cohorts received in-depth neuropsychological testing at enrollment and during follow-up. In each cohort, we used inverse probability weighted linear mixed models to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between markers of average residential ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], fine particulate matter [PM2.5], and respirable particulate matter [PM10]) levels in the year prior to enrollment and measures of global and domain-specific cognition, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, temporal trends, and censoring. RESULTS Among 5,330 participants in WHICAP, an increase in NO2 was associated with a 0.22 SD lower global cognitive score at enrollment (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.30, -0.14) and 0.06 SD (95% CI, -0.08, -0.04) more rapid decline in cognitive scores between visits. Results were similar for PM2.5 and PM10 and across functional cognitive domains. We found no evidence of an association between pollution and cognitive function in NOMAS. CONCLUSION WHICAP participants living in areas with higher levels of ambient air pollutants have lower cognitive scores at enrollment and more rapid rates of cognitive decline over time. In NOMAS, a smaller cohort with fewer repeat measurements, we found no statistically significant associations. These results add to the evidence regarding the adverse effect of air pollution on cognitive aging and brain health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL.
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Nina R Joyce
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Nicole Schupf
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Richard Mayeux
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.R.K., G.A.W., N.R.J.), Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI; Departments of Neurology (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., M.S.V.E.) and Psychiatry (R.M.) and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center (N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., N.S., R.M., J.J.M., M.S.V.E.), and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain (N.S., R.M., J.J.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology (J.D.K.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics (R.L.S.), Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kulick ER, Elkind MSV, Boehme AK, Joyce NR, Schupf N, Kaufman JD, Mayeux R, Manly JJ, Wellenius GA. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, APOE-ε4 status, and cognitive decline in a cohort of older adults in northern Manhattan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105440. [PMID: 31926436 PMCID: PMC7024003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting evidence that long-term exposure to air pollution is related to accelerated cognitive decline in aging populations. Factors that influence individual susceptibility remain largely unknown, but may involve the apolipoprotein E genotype E4 (APOE-ε4) allele. OBJECTIVES We assessed whether the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive decline differed by APOE-ε4 status and cognitive risk factors. METHODS The Washington Heights Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) is a prospective study of aging and dementia. Neuropsychological testing and medical examinations occur every 18-24 months. We used mixed-effects models to evaluate whether the association between markers of ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide [NO2]), fine [PM2.5], and coarse [PM10] particulate matter) and the rate of decline in global and domain-specific cognition differed across strata defined by APOE-ε4 genotypes and cognitive risk factors, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and temporal trends. RESULTS Among 4821 participants with an average of 6 years follow-up, higher concentrations of ambient air pollution were associated with more rapid cognitive decline. This association was more pronounced among APOE-ε4 carriers (p < 0.001). A one interquartile range increase in NO2 was associated with an additional decline of 0.09 standard deviations (SD) (95%CI -0.1, -0.06) in global cognition across biennial visits among APOE-ε4 positive individuals and a 0.07 SD (95%CI -0.09, -0.05) decline among APOE-ε4 negative individuals. Results for PM2.5, PM10 and cognitive domains were similar. The association between air pollutants and rate of cognitive decline also varied across strata of race-ethnicity with the association strongest among White non-Hispanic participants. CONCLUSIONS These results add to the body of evidence on the adverse impact of ambient air pollution on cognitive aging and brain health and provide new insights into the genetic and behavioral factors that may impact individual susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina R Joyce
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, and Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang J, Liang S, Ning R, Jiang J, Zhang J, Shen H, Chen R, Duan J, Sun Z. PM 2.5-induced inflammation and lipidome alteration associated with the development of atherosclerosis based on a targeted lipidomic analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105444. [PMID: 31935561 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have confirmed that PM2.5 could contribute to the development of atherosclerosis accompanied with lipids dysregulation. However, the lipids biomarkers involved in this progress remain largely unknown. In this study, a targeted lipidomic approach was used to find out the possible lipid biomarkers involved in the development of atherosclerosis after PM2.5 exposure or during a recovery period. Also, we assessed the pro-atherosclerosis effects of PM2.5 and follow-up influence using pulse wave (PW) Doppler ultrasound, oil red O staining and H&E staining. The vascular stiffness was elevated after 2-month PM2.5 exposure and might persist after 1-month recovery. While the lesions mostly concentrated in the aortic arch was significantly increased in 2-month PM2.5 exposure group and remained an increasing trend after 1-month recovery. The expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines detected by Mouse Inflammation Array were elevated after ApoE-/- mice treated with PM2.5 for 2-month and restored following 1-month recovery. Yet, IL-10 was significantly decreased during 1-month recovery. Additionally, the targeted lipidomic analysis demonstrated that cholesterol ester (CE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM) were significantly increased while lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerol (TG) were reduced after 2-month PM2.5 exposure, indicating that PM2.5 could disrupt glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids and sphingolipids metabolism. And a persistent impact of PM2.5 on glycerophospholipids and glycerolipids metabolism was found after 1-month recovery. Our study demonstrated that PM2.5-induced inflammation response might promote atherosclerotic lesions probably through lipid dysregulation, and the influence probably persisted after 1-month recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Long-term Effects of Cumulative Average PM2.5 Exposure on the Risk of Hemorrhagic Stroke. Epidemiology 2019; 30 Suppl 1:S90-S98. [DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
29
|
de Prado Bert P, Mercader EMH, Pujol J, Sunyer J, Mortamais M. The Effects of Air Pollution on the Brain: a Review of Studies Interfacing Environmental Epidemiology and Neuroimaging. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:351-364. [PMID: 30008171 PMCID: PMC6132565 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review An emerging body of evidence has raised concern regarding the potentially harmful effects of inhaled pollutants on the central nervous system during the last decade. In the general population, traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure has been associated with adverse effects on cognitive, behavior, and psychomotor development in children, and with cognitive decline and higher risk of dementia in the elderly. Recently, studies have interfaced environmental epidemiology with magnetic resonance imaging to investigate in vivo the effects of TRAP on the human brain. The aim of this systematic review was to describe and synthesize the findings from these studies. The bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed with ad hoc keywords. Recent Findings The selected studies revealed that cerebral white matter, cortical gray matter, and basal ganglia might be the targets of TRAP. The detected brain damages could be involved in cognition changes. Summary The effect of TRAP on cognition appears to be biologically plausible. Interfacing environmental epidemiology and neuroimaging is an emerging field with room for improvement. Future studies, together with inputs from experimental findings, should provide more relevant and detailed knowledge about the nature of the relationship between TRAP exposure and cognitive, behavior, and psychomotor disorders observed in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesus Pujol
- MRI Research Unit, Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM G21, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marion Mortamais
- Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- ISGLOBAL, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The conference "Climate change, air pollution and health" was held at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. The data presented highlighted that air pollution is a major, under-recognized and modifiable risk factor for stroke and heart disease. Air pollution causes 7.6% of all deaths making it the fifth cause of death globally, and this figure is expected to increase by 50% by 2050. Particulate matter causes endothelial dysfunction and induces thrombosis by altering reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, insulin resistance, and lipid levels. Thirty-three articles published since 2002 were reviewed to assess the relation between air pollution and stroke with age, geographical location, particulate and gaseous matter type, duration of exposure, previous stroke, and comorbidities. It remains to be defined if air pollution has pathophysiological effects that preferentially predispose individuals to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. There is ample evidence showing an association between acute and chronic exposure to PM2.5 or gaseous pollutants with stroke. This potentially avoidable scenario and its dramatic consequences are heavily under-recognized by health professionals and the wider public. Preventive measures in people at high vascular risk are warranted. Procrastination in implementing efforts to stop the current worldwide course of worsening air pollution is the seed of a potential global health catastrophe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conrado J Estol
- Stroke Unit, Sanatorio Guemes, Francisco Acuña de Figueroa 1240, C1180, CABA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhu X, Qiu H, Wang L, Duan Z, Yu H, Deng R, Zhang Y, Zhou L. Risks of hospital admissions from a spectrum of causes associated with particulate matter pollution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:90-100. [PMID: 30502738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution has been linked to elevated hospital admissions (HAs), especially from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have estimated the associations between PM pollution and HAs for a wider range of broad disease categories. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ≤10 μm (PM10) on a range of broad and specific causes of HAs in Chengdu, China during 2015-2016, using a generalized additive model (GAM). Age-, gender- and season-specific analyses were also performed on the broad categories. We further calculated the corresponding morbidity burden due to PM exposure. During the study period, the daily mean level for PM2.5 and PM10 was 57.3 μg/m3 and 94.7 μg/m3, respectively. For broad disease categories, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 at lag06 was associated with increments of 0.65% (95% CI: 0.32%-0.99%) in HAs from respiratory, 0.49% (95% CI: 0.04%-0.95%) from circulatory and 0.91% (95% CI: 0.15%-1.69%) from skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. By contrast, only respiratory HAs showed a significant positive association with elevated PM2.5 at lag06 (1.03% increase per 10 μg/m3, 95% CI: 0.50%-1.56%, p < 0.001). Increased HAs risks for several more refined specific causes within respiratory, circulatory, skin and subcutaneous tissue, nervous and genitourinary diseases were also observed. Subgroup analyses indicated that effect estimates were modified by age, gender and season. Overall, the largest morbidity burden was observed in myocardial infarction, about 11.27% (95% CI: 3.45%-18.07%) and 11.11% (95% CI: 4.07%-17.27%) of HAs for myocardial infarction could be attributable to PM2.5 and PM10 levels exceeding the WHO's air quality guidelines (24-h mean: 25 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 50 μg/m3 for PM10). Our study suggests that both PM2.5 and PM10 increase risks of morbidity from broad range of causes of HAs in Chengdu, and result in substantial morbidity burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Smart Health, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Qiu
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Smart Health, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanqi Duan
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ren Deng
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Chengdu Shulianyikang Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Health and Family Planning Information Center of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tan BY, Leong AZ, Leow AS, Ngiam NJ, Ng BS, Sharma M, Yeo LL, Seow PA, Hong CS, Chee YH, Chen J, Du Z, Wong LY, Batra A, Sarkar N, Teoh HL, Ho RC, Sharma VK. Psychosomatic symptoms during South East Asian haze crisis are related to changes in cerebral hemodynamics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208724. [PMID: 30615620 PMCID: PMC6322770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Forest fires in South Asia lead to widespread haze, where many healthy individuals develop psychosomatic symptoms. We investigated the effects of haze exposure on cerebral hemodynamics and new symptoms. We hypothesised that vasoactive substances present in the haze, would lead to vasodilation of cerebral vasculature, thereby altering cerebral hemodynamics, which in turn may account for new psychosomatic symptoms. METHODS Seventy-four healthy volunteers were recruited, and serial transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography was performed to record blood flow parameters of bilateral middle cerebral arteries (MCA). The first TCD was performed in an air-conditioned environment. It was repeated outdoors after the participants spent 30-minutes in the haze environment. The prevailing level of pollutant standards index (PSI) was recorded. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed to compare cerebral hemodynamics at baseline and after haze exposure in all participants. Subgroup analyses were then employed to compare the findings between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. RESULTS Study participants' median age was 30 years (IQR 26-34), and new psychosomatic symptoms were reported by 35 (47.3%). There was a modest but significant decrease in pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) in the left MCA after haze exposure (PI: p = 0.026; RI: p = 0.021). When compared to baseline parameters, haze exposure resulted in significantly lower mean PI (p = 0.001) and RI (p = 0.001) in symptomatic patients, but this difference was not present in asymptomatic patients (PI: p = 0.919; RI: p = 0.970). CONCLUSION Haze causes significant alterations in cerebral hemodynamics in susceptible individuals, probably responsible for various psychosomatic symptoms. The prognostic implications and health effects of haze require evaluation in a larger study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Y. Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Adriel Z. Leong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Aloysius S. Leow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas J. Ngiam
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Bridget S. Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manasi Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Leonard L. Yeo
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Philip A. Seow
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chiew S. Hong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Young H. Chee
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jintao Chen
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Zhengdao Du
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lily Y. Wong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Amit Batra
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hock-Luen Teoh
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Roger C. Ho
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nzwalo H, Guilherme P, Nogueira J, Félix C, André A, Teles J, Mouzinho M, Ferreira F, Marreiros A, Logallo N, Bentes C. Fine particulate air pollution and occurrence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in an area of low air pollution. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 176:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
34
|
Zhang Q, Li Q, Ma J, Zhao Y. PM2.5 impairs neurobehavior by oxidative stress and myelin sheaths injury of brain in the rat. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:994-1001. [PMID: 30373045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air particulate matter (PM) is a serious environmental problem that has been found to cause neuropathological disorders. Although the general toxicity of PM2.5 has been intensively studied, its neurobehavior effects are poorly discussed. In this study, we aim to investigate whether different exposure time of PM2.5 influence neurobehavior of rats, induce oxidative stress, histopathologic abnormalities, apoptosis, or changes of mitochondria and myelin. The results reveal that exposure to PM2.5 impaired spatial learning and memory, inquiring ability, as well as sensory function. These alterations were related to ultrastructure changes of mitochondria and myelin sheaths, abnormal expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-3, Caspase-9). These results provide a basis for a better understanding of myelin abnormality-related neurobehavior impairment in response to PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qingzhao Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, 063000, PR China
| | - Jincai Ma
- School of Environment and Resources, Ji Lin University, Ji Lin, 130021, PR China.
| | - Yaping Zhao
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ho AFW, Zheng H, De Silva DA, Wah W, Earnest A, Pang YH, Xie Z, Pek PP, Liu N, Ng YY, Wong TH, Foo LL, Ong MEH. The Relationship Between Ambient Air Pollution and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study in a City-State With Seasonal Exposure to the Southeast Asian Haze Problem. Ann Emerg Med 2018; 72:591-601. [PMID: 30172448 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Studies are divided on the short-term association of air pollution with stroke. Singapore is exposed to seasonal transboundary haze. We aim to investigate the association between air pollution and stroke incidence in Singapore. METHODS We performed a time-stratified case-crossover analysis on all ischemic stroke cases reported to the Singapore Stroke Registry from 2010 to 2015. Exposure on days was compared with control days on which exposure did not occur. Control days were chosen on the same day of the week earlier and later in the same month in the same year. We fitted a conditional Poisson regression model to daily stroke incidence that included Pollutant Standards Index and environmental confounders. The index was categorized according to established classification (0 to 50=good, 51 to 100=moderate, and ≥101=unhealthy). We assessed the relationship between stroke incidence and Pollutant Standards Index in the entire cohort and in predetermined subgroups of individual-level characteristics. RESULTS There were 29,384 ischemic stroke cases. Moderate and unhealthy Pollutant Standards Index levels showed association with stroke occurrence, with incidence risk ratio 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.13) and 1.14 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.25), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed generally significant association, except in Indians and nonhypertensive patients. The association was significant in subgroups aged 65 years or older, women, Chinese, nonsmokers and those with history of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Stratified by age and smoking, the risk diminished in smokers of all ages. Risk remained elevated for 5 days after exposure. CONCLUSION We found a short-term elevated risk of ischemic stroke after exposure to air pollution. These findings have public health implications for stroke prevention and emergency health services delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F W Ho
- SingHealth Emergency Medicine Residency Programme, Singapore Health Services, Singapore; Emergency Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Singhealth Duke-NUS, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Huili Zheng
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Health Promotion Board, Singapore
| | - Deidre A De Silva
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Win Wah
- Unit for Prehospital Emergency Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Arul Earnest
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yee H Pang
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Zhenjia Xie
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pin P Pek
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Nan Liu
- Health Services Research Centre, Singapore Health Services, Singapore; Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yih Y Ng
- Medical Department, Singapore Civil Defense Force, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Emergency Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ting H Wong
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ling L Foo
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Health Promotion Board, Singapore
| | - Marcus E H Ong
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cullen B, Newby D, Lee D, Lyall DM, Nevado-Holgado AJ, Evans JJ, Pell JP, Lovestone S, Cavanagh J. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of outdoor air pollution exposure and cognitive function in UK Biobank. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12089. [PMID: 30108252 PMCID: PMC6092329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have shown consistently increased likelihood of dementia or mild cognitive impairment diagnoses in people with higher air pollution exposure history, but evidence has been less consistent for associations with cognitive test performance. We estimated the association between baseline neighbourhood-level exposure to airborne pollutants (particulate matter and nitrogen oxides) and (1) cognitive test performance at baseline and (2) cognitive score change between baseline and 2.8-year follow-up, in 86,759 middle- to older-aged adults from the UK Biobank general population cohort. Unadjusted regression analyses indicated small but consistent negative associations between air pollutant exposure and baseline cognitive performance. Following adjustment for a range of key confounders, associations were inconsistent in direction and of very small magnitude. The largest of these indicated that 1 interquartile range higher air pollutant exposure was associated on average with 0.35% slower reaction time (95% CI: 0.13, 0.57), a 2.92% higher error rate on a visuospatial memory test (95% CI: 1.24, 4.62), and numeric memory scores that were 0.58 points lower (95% CI: -0.96, -0.19). Follow-up analyses of cognitive change scores did not show evidence of associations. The findings indicate that in this sample, which is five-fold larger than any previous cross-sectional study, the association between air pollution exposure and cognitive performance was weak. Ongoing follow-up of the UK Biobank cohort will allow investigation of longer-term associations into old age, including longitudinal tracking of cognitive performance and incident dementia outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breda Cullen
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Danielle Newby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Lee
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donald M Lyall
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan J Evans
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mazidi M, Speakman JR. Impact of Obesity and Ozone on the Association Between Particulate Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Mortality Among US Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008006. [PMID: 29848499 PMCID: PMC6015356 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and stroke are the highest and third highest causes of death, respectively, in the whole United States. It is well established that both long‐ and short‐term exposure to particulate air pollution (particulate matter with diameters <2.5 μm [PM2.5]) increases the risks of both CVD and stroke mortality. Methods and Results We combined county‐level data for CVD and stroke mortality, and prevalence of hypertension and obesity, with spatial patterns of PM2.5 and ozone in a cross‐sectional ecological study. We found significant positive associations between both CVD (β=15.4, P<0.001) and stroke (β=2.7, P<0.001) mortality with PM2.5. Ozone had significant link with just CVD (β=1372.1, P<0.001). Once poverty, ethnicity, and education were taken into account, there were still significant positive associations between PM2.5 and both CVD (β=1.2, P<0.001) and stroke (β=1.1, P<0.001) mortality. Moreover, the association between CVD and ozone remained after adjustment for these factors (β=21.8, P<0.001). PM2.5 and ozone were independent risk factors. The impact of PM2.5 on CVD and stroke mortality was strongly dependent on the prevalence of obesity. Hypertension partially mediated the associations of PM2.5 and mortality from CVD and stroke. Conclusions There was a spatial association between PM2.5 exposure and the leading causes of death and disability in United States. The effect of PM2.5 was considerably greater in areas where obesity is more prevalent. Hypertension is a possible mediator of the association of PM2.5 and both CVD and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang Beijing, China .,Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Béjot Y, Reis J, Giroud M, Feigin V. A review of epidemiological research on stroke and dementia and exposure to air pollution. Int J Stroke 2018; 13:687-695. [DOI: 10.1177/1747493018772800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Outdoor air pollution is now a well-known risk factor for morbidity and mortality, and is increasingly being identified as a major risk factor for stroke. Methods A narrative literature review of the effects of short and long-term exposure to air pollution on stroke and dementia risk and cognitive functioning. Results Ten papers on stroke and 17 on dementia were selected. Air pollution, and in particular small particulate matter, contributes to about one-third of the global stroke burden and about one-fifth of the global burden of dementia. It particularly affects vulnerable patients with other vascular risk factors or a prior history of stroke in low- and medium-income countries. New pathophysiological mechanisms of the cause-effect associations are suggested. Conclusion Air pollution should be considered as a new modifiable cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative risk factor. This massive worldwide public health problem requires environmental health policies able to reduce air pollution and thus the stroke and dementia burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Béjot
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA 7460, University Hospital of Dijon – University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Jacques Reis
- Neurology Service (Pr C. Tranchant), University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurice Giroud
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA 7460, University Hospital of Dijon – University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Valery Feigin
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kulick ER, Wellenius GA, Boehme AK, Sacco RL, Elkind MS. Residential Proximity to Major Roadways and Risk of Incident Ischemic Stroke in NOMAS (The Northern Manhattan Study). Stroke 2018. [PMID: 29540609 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The evidence supporting the deleterious cardiovascular health effects of living near a major roadway is growing, although this association is not universal. In primary analyses, we hypothesized that residential proximity to a major roadway would be associated with incident ischemic stroke and that cardiovascular risk factors would modify that association. METHODS NOMAS (The Northern Manhattan Study) is an ongoing, population-based cohort study designed to measure cardiovascular risk factors, stroke incidence, and other outcomes in a multiethnic urban population. Recruitment occurred from 1993 to 2001 and participants are followed-up annually by telephone. Residential addresses at baseline were geocoded and Euclidean distance to nearest major roadway was estimated and categorized as in prior studies. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association of this distance to incidence of stroke and other outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors, year at baseline, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. We assessed whether these associations varied by age, sex, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 15 years (n=3287), 11% of participants were diagnosed with ischemic stroke. Participants living <100 m from a roadway had a 42% (95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.02) higher rate of ischemic stroke versus those living >400 m away. This association was more pronounced among noncurrent smokers (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.26) and not evident among smokers (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-2.06). There was no clear pattern of association between proximity to major roadways and other cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, all-cause death, or vascular death. CONCLUSIONS In this urban multiethnic cohort, we found evidence supporting that within-city variation in residential proximity to major roadway is associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke. An individual's smoking history modified this association, with the association remaining only among participants not currently smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Kulick
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.).
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Amelia K Boehme
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| | - Mitchell S Elkind
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.) and Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons (E.R.K., A.K.B., M.S.E.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI (G.A.W.); and Departments of Neurology, Public Health Sciences, and Human Genetics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL (R.L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li T, Yan M, Sun Q, Anderson GB. Mortality risks from a spectrum of causes associated with wide-ranging exposure to fine particulate matter: A case-crossover study in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:52-59. [PMID: 29174689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of mortality due to cardiovascular, respiratory, and other pulmonary diseases. However, fewer studies have investigated the relationship between ambient PM2.5 and human mortality for a wider range of causes of death, or for more specific causes of death within these broader categories, especially at the high PM2.5 concentrations currently experienced in Chinese megacities. Beijing, China, has a very large population and a wide range of PM2.5 exposures, allowing a prime opportunity to estimate such risks across a broad spectrum of causes, including rarer causes of death. OBJECTIVE To estimate the relative risk of cause-specific mortality associated with PM2.5 for a spectrum of causes of death, as well as characterize the time course of cause-specific mortality following PM2.5 exposure, in a location where PM2.5 concentrations are representative of common exposures in Chinese megacities. METHODS We collected daily data on mortality counts of Beijing residents and Beijing weather and air pollution measurements for January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012. We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design to estimate the association between ambient PM2.5 concentrations and risk of death from several broad causes of death and from more refined specific causes within these broader categories. Primary results were estimated for risks the day of and the day following exposure (lag 0-1), but the time pattern of associated risk was also explored up to seven days following exposure. RESULTS Increased concentrations of PM2.5 were associated with increased risks at lag days 0-1 of all-cause mortality (0.26% increase per 10μg/m3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12%-0.39%), non-accidental deaths (0.25%; 95% CI: 0.11%-0.38%), circulatory deaths (0.39%; 95% CI: 0.21%-0.59%), respiratory deaths (0.43%; 95% CI: 0.05%-0.81%), intentional self-harm deaths (1.94%; 95% CI: 0.19%-3.73%) and nervous system deaths (0.9%; 95% CI: -0.2%-2%), although the observed increase was not statistical significant for the final one rarer cause of death. In addition to these five broad death outcomes, risk also increased following PM2.5 exposure at lag days 0-1 for deaths from several specific causes, including most of the specific circulatory causes considered. The largest observed increased risk by far was for one of the rarest causes of death considered, extrapyramidal and movement disorders (2.35%; 95% CI: 0.03%-4.72%). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that exposure to PM2.5 in a study location more representative of exposures in developing cities is associated with an increased risk of mortality from broad range of causes of death, including some causes rarely studied previously in association with PM2.5 exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.7 PanjiayuanNanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Meilin Yan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.7 PanjiayuanNanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China
| | - G Brooke Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wilker EH, Martinez-Ramirez S, Kloog I, Schwartz J, Mostofsky E, Koutrakis P, Mittleman MA, Viswanathan A. Fine Particulate Matter, Residential Proximity to Major Roads, and Markers of Small Vessel Disease in a Memory Study Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:1315-23. [PMID: 27372639 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with impaired cognitive function and vascular disease in older adults, but little is known about these associations among people with concerns about memory loss. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between exposures to fine particulate matter and residential proximity to major roads and markers of small vessel disease. METHODS From 2004-2010, 236 participants in the Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Longitudinal Cohort participated in neuroimaging studies. Residential proximity to major roads and estimated 2003 residential annual average of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) were linked to measures of brain parenchymal fraction (BPF), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cerebral microbleeds. Associations were modeled using linear and logistic regression and adjusted for clinical and lifestyle factors. RESULTS In this population (median age [interquartile range] = 74 [12], 57% female) living in a region with median 2003 PM2.5 annual average below the current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard, there were no associations between living closer to a major roadway or for a 2μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 and smaller BPF, greater WMH volume, or a higher odds of microbleeds. However, a 2μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was associated with -0.19 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.37, -0.005) lower natural log-transformed WMH volume. Other associations had wide confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS In this population, where median 2003 estimated PM2.5 levels were below the current EPA standard, we observed no pattern of association between residential proximity to major roads or 2003 average PM2.5 and greater burden of small vessel disease or neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa H Wilker
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sergi Martinez-Ramirez
- Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mostofsky
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murray A Mittleman
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Zwart F, Brunekreef B, Timmermans E, Deeg D, Gehring U. Air Pollution and Performance-Based Physical Functioning in Dutch Older Adults. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:017009. [PMID: 29364820 PMCID: PMC6014703 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional limitations are a major cause for needing care and institutionalization among older adults. Exposure to air pollution has been suggested to be associated with increased functional limitations in older people. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to assess the association between air pollution and physical functioning in Dutch older adults. METHODS We analyzed data on performance-based (walking speed, ability to rise from a chair, putting on and taking off a cardigan, balance test) and self-reported physical functioning for 1,762 participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, who participated in measurement cycles performed in 2005/2006, 2008/2009, and 2011/2012. Annual average outdoor air pollution concentrations [nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5μm (PM2.5), ≤10μm (PM10), and 2.5-10μm (PMcoarse), and PM2.5 absorbance] at the home address at the start of the first measurement cycle were estimated using land-use regression models. Analyses were performed using mixed models with random participant intercepts adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Exposure to most air pollutants was associated with reduced performance-based physical functioning; for example, an interquartile range increase in NO2 exposure was associated with a 0.22 (95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.42) lower performance test score in fully adjusted models, equivalent to the difference in performance score between participants who differed by 9 mo in age. Exposure to air pollution was generally not statistically significantly associated with self-reported functional limitations, and not associated with a faster decline in performance-based physical functioning over the study period. CONCLUSION This study suggests that exposure to air pollution may adversely affect physical performance of older adults in the Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2239.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femke de Zwart
- Department of Environmental Health, Communal Health Service for the Province of Utrecht, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Erik Timmermans
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorly Deeg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee KK, Miller MR, Shah ASV. Air Pollution and Stroke. J Stroke 2018; 20:2-11. [PMID: 29402072 PMCID: PMC5836577 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.02894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse health effects of air pollution have long been recognised; however, there is less awareness that the majority of the morbidity and mortality caused by air pollution is due to its effects on the cardiovascular system. Evidence from epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Although the relative risk is small at an individual level, the ubiquitous nature of exposure to air pollution means that the absolute risk at a population level is on a par with "traditional" risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Of particular concern are findings that the strength of this association is stronger in low and middle income countries where air pollution is projected to rise as a result of rapid industrialisation. The underlying biological mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their effect on the vasculature are still an area of intense discussion. A greater understanding of the effect size and mechanisms is necessary to develop effective strategies at individual and policy levels to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Ken Lee
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark R. Miller
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anoop S. V. Shah
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu H, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Asweto CO, Feng L, Yang X, Duan J, Sun Z. Comprehensive gene and microRNA expression profiling on cardiovascular system in zebrafish co-exposured of SiNPs and MeHg. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:795-805. [PMID: 28711009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been shown to increase cardiovascular diseases. However, little attention has been paid to the combined effects of PM and air pollutants on the cardiovascular system. To explore this, a high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine combined effects of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and MeHg in zebrafish. Our study demonstrated that SiNPs and MeHg co-exposure could cause significant changes in mRNA and miRNA expression patterns in zebrafish. The differentially expressed (DE) genes in profiles 17 and 26 of STC analysis suggest that SiNPs and MeHg co-exposure had more proinflammatory and cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish than single exposure. Major gene functions associated with cardiovascular system in the co-exposed zebrafish were discerned from the dynamic-gene-network, including stxbp1a, celf4, ahr1b and bai2. In addition, the prominently expressed pathway of cardiac muscle contraction was targeted by 3 DE miRNAs identified by the miRNA-pathway-network (dre-miR-7147, dre-miR-26a and dre-miR-375), which included 23 DE genes. This study presents a global view of the combined SiNPs and MeHg toxicity on the dynamic expression of both mRNAs and miRNAs in zebrafish, and could serve as fundamental research clues for future studies, especially on cardiovascular system toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hejing Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Collins Otieno Asweto
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Xiaozhe Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen H, Kwong JC, Copes R, Hystad P, van Donkelaar A, Tu K, Brook JR, Goldberg MS, Martin RV, Murray BJ, Wilton AS, Kopp A, Burnett RT. Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of dementia: A population-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 108:271-277. [PMID: 28917207 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emerging studies have implicated air pollution in the neurodegenerative processes. Less is known about the influence of air pollution, especially at the relatively low levels, on developing dementia. We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada, where the concentrations of pollutants are among the lowest in the world, to assess whether air pollution exposure is associated with incident dementia. METHODS The study population comprised all Ontario residents who, on 1 April 2001, were 55-85years old, Canadian-born, and free of physician-diagnosed dementia (~2.1 million individuals). Follow-up extended until 2013. We used population-based health administrative databases with a validated algorithm to ascertain incident diagnosis of dementia as well as prevalent cases. Using satellite observations, land-use regression model, and an optimal interpolation method, we derived long-term average exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5μm in diameter) (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3), respectively at the subjects' historical residences based on a population-based registry. We used multilevel spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual and contextual factors, such as diabetes, brain injury, and neighborhood income. We conducted various sensitivity analyses, such as lagging exposure up to 10years and considering a negative control outcome for which no (or weaker) association with air pollution is expected. RESULTS We identified 257,816 incident cases of dementia in 2001-2013. We found a positive association between PM2.5 and dementia incidence, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.05) for every interquartile-range increase in exposure to PM2.5. Similarly, NO2 was associated with increased incidence of dementia (HR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.08-1.12). No association was found for O3. These associations were robust to all sensitivity analyses examined. These estimates translate to 6.1% of dementia cases (or 15,813 cases) attributable to PM2.5 and NO2, based on the observed distribution of exposure relative to the lowest quartile in concentrations in this cohort. DISCUSSION In this large cohort, exposure to air pollution, even at the relative low levels, was associated with higher dementia incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ray Copes
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Perry Hystad
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Karen Tu
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Western Hospital Family Health Team, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Air Quality Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brian J Murray
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew S Wilton
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander Kopp
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen JC, Wang X, Serre M, Cen S, Franklin M, Espeland M. Particulate Air Pollutants, Brain Structure, and Neurocognitive Disorders in Older Women. Res Rep Health Eff Inst 2017; 2017:1-65. [PMID: 31898881 PMCID: PMC7266369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An increasing number of studies have suggested that exposure to particulate matter (PM) may represent a novel - and potentially amendable - environmental determinant of brain aging. The current longitudinal environmental epidemiological study addressed some important knowledge gaps in this emerging field, which combines the study of air pollution and neuroepidemiology. The investigators hypothesized that long-term PM exposure adversely influences global brain volume and brain regions (e.g., frontal lobe or hippocampus) that are critical to memory and complex cognitive processing or that are affected by neuropathological changes in dementia. It was also hypothesized that long-term PM exposure results in neurovascular damage and may increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and -dementia. Methods The investigators selected a well-characterized and geographically diverse population of older women (N = 7,479; average age = 71.0 ± 3.8 years at baseline) in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Memory Study (WHIMS) cohort (1996-2007), which included a subcohort (n = 1,403) enrolled in the WHIMS-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WHIMS-MRI) study (2005-2006). Residence-specific yearly exposures to PM ≤ 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM₂.₅) were estimated using a Bayesian maximum entropy spatiotemporal model of annual monitoring data (1999-2007) recorded in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) Air Quality System (AQS). Annual exposures (1996-2005) to diesel PM (DPM) were assigned to each residential census tract in a nationwide spatiotemporal mapping, based on a generalized additive model (GAM), to conduct census tract-specific temporal interpolation of DPM on-road estimates given by the U.S. EPA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment Program. Multiple linear regression and multicovariate-adjusted Cox models were used to examine the associations, with statistical adjustment for multiple potential confounders. Results The investigators found that participants had smaller brain volumes, especially in the normal-appearing white matter (WM), if they lived in locations with higher levels of cumulative exposure (1999-2006) to PM ₂.₅ before the brain MRI scans were performed. The associations were not explained by sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, or other clinical characteristics. Analyses showed that the adverse effect on brain structure in the participants was driven primarily by the smaller WM volumes associated with cumulative PM₂.₅ exposures, which were present in the WM divisions of the association brain area (frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes) and corpus callosum. Increased DPM exposures were associated with larger ventricular volume, suggesting an overall atrophic effect on the aging brains. The participants tended to have smaller gray matter (GM) volumes if they lived in areas with the highest (i.e., fourth quartile) estimated cumulative DPM exposure in the 10 years before the brain MRI scans, compared with women in the first to third quartiles. This observed association was present in the total brain GM and in the association brain cortices. The associations with normal-appearing WM varied by DPM exposure range. For women with estimated cumulative exposure below that of the fourth quartile, increased DPM estimates were associated with smaller WM volumes. However, for women with increased cumulative DPM exposures estimates in the fourth quartile, WM volumes were larger. This pattern of association was found consistently in the association brain area; no measurable difference was found in the volume of the corpus callosum. These observed adverse effects of cumulative exposure to PM₂.₅ (linking exposure with smaller WM volumes) and to DPM (linking exposure in the highest quartile with smaller GM volumes) were not significantly modified by existing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or measured white blood cell (WBC) count. MRI measurements of the structural brain showed no differences in small-vessel ischemic diseases (SVID) in participants with varying levels of cumulative exposure to PM₂.₅ (1999-2006) or DPM (1996-2005), and no associations between PM exposures and SVID volumes were noted for total brain, association brain area, GM, or WM. For neurocognitive outcomes followed until 2007, the investigators found no evidence for increased risk of MCI/dementia associated with long-term PM exposures. Although exploratory secondary analyses showed different patterns of associations linking PM exposures separately with MCI and dementia, none of the -results was statistically significant. A similar lack of associations between PM exposures and MCI/dementia was found across the subgroups, with no strong indications for effect modification by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, or WBC count. Conclusions The investigators concluded that their study findings support the hypothesized brain-structure neurotoxicity associated with PM exposures, a result that is in line with emerging neurotoxicological data. However, the investigators found no evidence of increased risk of MCI/dementia associated with long-term PM exposures. To better test the neurovascular effect hypothesis in PM-associated neurotoxic effects on the aging brain, the investigators recommend that future studies pay greater attention to selecting optimal populations with repeated measurements of cerebrovascular damage and address the possibility of selection biases accordingly. To further investigate the long-term consequence of brain-structure neurotoxicity on pathological brain aging, future researchers should take the pathobiologically heterogeneous neurocognitive outcomes into account and design adequately powered prospective cohort studies with improved exposure estimation and valid outcome ascertainment to assess whether PM-associated neurotoxicity increases the risks of pathological brain aging, including MCI and dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J-C Chen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - X Wang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M Serre
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - S Cen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M Franklin
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - M Espeland
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sørensen M, Wendelboe Nielsen O, Sajadieh A, Ketzel M, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Nitrogen Dioxide and Risk of Heart Failure: A Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:097021. [PMID: 28953453 PMCID: PMC5915207 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although air pollution and road traffic noise have been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, associations with heart failure have received only little attention. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether long-term exposure to road traffic noise and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were associated with incident heart failure. METHODS In a cohort of 57,053 people 50-64 y of age at enrollment in the period 1993-1997, we identified 2,550 cases of first-ever hospital admission for heart failure during a mean follow-up time of 13.4 y. Present and historical residential addresses from 1987 to 2011 were found in national registers, and road traffic noise (Lden) and NO2 were modeled for all addresses. Analyses were done using Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS An interquartile range higher 10-y time-weighted mean exposure for Lden and NO2 was associated with incidence rate ratios (IRR) for heart failure of 1.14 (1.08-1.21) and 1.11 (1.07-1.16), respectively, in models adjusted for gender, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. In models with mutual exposure adjustment, IRRs were 1.08 (1.00-1.16) for Lden and 1.07 (1.01-1.14) for NO2. We found statistically significant modification of the NO2-heart failure association by gender (strongest association among men), baseline hypertension (strongest association among hypertensive), and diabetes (strongest association among diabetics). The same tendencies were seen for noise, but interactions were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to NO2 and road traffic noise was associated with higher risk of heart failure, mainly among men, in both single- and two-pollutant models. High exposure to both pollutants was associated with highest risk. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1272.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olav Wendelboe Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg , Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Sajadieh
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg , Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center , Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Babadjouni RM, Hodis DM, Radwanski R, Durazo R, Patel A, Liu Q, Mack WJ. Clinical effects of air pollution on the central nervous system; a review. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 43:16-24. [PMID: 28528896 PMCID: PMC5544553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to describe recent clinical and epidemiological studies examining the adverse effects of urban air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS). Air pollution and particulate matter (PM) are associated with neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These processes affect multiple CNS pathways. The conceptual framework of this review focuses on adverse effects of air pollution with respect to neurocognition, white matter disease, stroke, and carotid artery disease. Both children and older individuals exposed to air pollution exhibit signs of cognitive dysfunction. However, evidence on middle-aged cohorts is lacking. White matter injury secondary to air pollution exposure is a putative mechanism for neurocognitive decline. Air pollution is associated with exacerbations of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Increases in stroke incidences and mortalities are seen in the setting of air pollution exposure and CNS pathology is robust. Large populations living in highly polluted environments are at risk. This review aims to outline current knowledge of air pollution exposure effects on neurological health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Babadjouni
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Drew M Hodis
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Radwanski
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ramon Durazo
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Arati Patel
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qinghai Liu
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - William J Mack
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qasim H, Karim ZA, Rivera JO, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006353. [PMID: 28855171 PMCID: PMC5634286 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Qasim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Jose O Rivera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Barba-Vasseur M, Bernard N, Pujol S, Sagot P, Riethmuller D, Thiriez G, Houot H, Defrance J, Mariet AS, Luu VP, Barbier A, Benzenine E, Quantin C, Mauny F. Does low to moderate environmental exposure to noise and air pollution influence preterm delivery in medium-sized cities? Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:2017-2027. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|