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Wang YW, Yeh KW, Huang JL, Su KW, Tsai MH, Hua MC, Liao SL, Lai SH, Chiu CY. Longitudinal analysis of the impact of smoking exposure on atopic indices and allergies in early childhood. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100802. [PMID: 37520613 PMCID: PMC10374959 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to smoking is recognized as a health hazard; however, a longitudinal analysis of the impact of smoking exposure in families on the allergic reactions related to childhood atopic diseases has not been well addressed. Methods Children who completed a three-year follow-up period from the birth cohort were included in this study. The history of smoking exposure was recorded, and the urine cotinine levels were measured at 1 and 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years of age. Specific IgE levels against food and mite allergens were measured at age 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years. Their relevance to family smoking exposure and the subsequent development of atopic diseases was also analyzed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (No. 102-1842C). Results A total of 198 infants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of passive smoking exposure among these children was as high as 45%. The urine cotinine levels were significantly higher in children with history of smoking exposure (P < 0.001). At 6 months of age, the food-specific IgE levels and the prevalence of eczema were significantly higher in children with smoking exposure than in those without smoking exposure (P < 0.05). By contrast, the urine cotinine levels were significantly higher in children with IgE sensitization (>100 kU/L, P < 0.05) at 3 years of age, which was also significantly associated with a higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis and development of asthma (P < 0.01). Conclusion Family smoking exposure appears to be strongly associated with food sensitization in infancy and with IgE production in later childhood. This could potentially increase the susceptibility of developing infantile eczema and subsequent childhood airway allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Su
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chin Hua
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Ling Liao
- Community Medicine Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hao Lai
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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HRCT findings in secondhand smokers with respiratory symptoms. Jpn J Radiol 2023; 41:153-163. [PMID: 36121625 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-022-01336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aims to investigate the occurrence and severity of HRCT abnormalities in symptomatic never-smokers, passively exposed to cigarette smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 135 never-smokers with respiratory symptoms, without underlying lung disease, underwent paired inspiratory-expiratory HRCT and completed the secondhand smoking (SHS) exposure scale questionnaire. Individuals passively exposed to tobacco consisted the secondhand smoking group (SHS group) (n = 68); the remaining 67 controls were never exposed to SHS. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, x2 and Pearson Point-Biserial correlation tests. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS HRCT findings in SHS group included bronchial wall thickening (98.5%), mild cylindrical bronchiectasis (44%), ground-glass opacities (17.6%), and mosaic attenuation pattern (53%). Air trapping occurred in 65% of expiratory scans. Differences in occurrence of findings between SHS group participants and controls were statistically significant (p < 0.0001). There was significant correlation between exposure to tobacco smoke in hours/day and in number of cigarettes/day and the presence of mosaic attenuation pattern, ground-glass opacities, cylindrical bronchiectasis and air trapping, respectively (p < 0.05). Cumulative SHS exposure in years was also strongly correlated with the presence of ground-glass opacities, mosaic attenuation pattern, cylindrical bronchiectasis, and air trapping, as well as with the frequency of respiratory symptoms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HRCT findings attributed to SHS are mostly related to airway involvement and are correlated with the duration and grade of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. SHS followed by lifestyle adjustments should be considered in symptomatic non-smokers with such HRCT findings.
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Lu C, Liu Z, Liao H, Yang W, Li Q, Liu Q. Effects of early life exposure to home environmental factors on childhood allergic rhinitis: Modifications by outdoor air pollution and temperature. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114076. [PMID: 36113271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that allergic rhinitis (AR) is associated with indoor environmental factors, but their role in childhood AR during early life remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of preconceptional, prenatal, early postnatal, and current exposure to home environmental factors with childhood AR, and to further explore whether this association can be interacted by outdoor air pollution and temperature. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of 8689 preschool children was conducted during 2019-2020 in Changsha, China. A standard questionnaire was used to collect data on each family's health outcomes and home environments. We considered home environmental exposures during one year before conception, pregnancy, first year of life, and past year. Associations of indoor air pollution and allergens with AR were assessed by multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS Pre-birth exposure to indoor air pollution emitted by new furniture or redecoration and dampness related allergen derived from mold/damp stains and mold/damp clothes or bedding during 1 year before conception and pregnancy was significantly associated with increased AR, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) ranging from 1.35 (1.05-1.75) to 1.87 (1.55-2.27). Childhood AR was also significantly related with post-birth exposure to dampness related indoor allergen including mold/damp stains and mold/damp clothes or bedding in first year and past year and pollen allergen including total and nonflowing plants in past year, with a range of ORs (95% CI) from 1.20 (1.01-1.42) to 1.79 (1.42-2.27). We identified that pre-birth, particularly in utero exposure to both indoor air pollution from renovation and dampness related allergens, played a key role in AR development compared to post-birth exposures, and accumulative effect was observed with the highest risk of AR. High exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) including outdoor PM2.5, NO2, CO, and O3, as well as living near traffic road not only significantly increased adverse effect of home environmental factors but also decreased protective effect of household dogs on childhood AR. Early life exposure to low temperature in pregnancy and high temperature in first year significantly increased AR risk of home environmental exposure. Sensitivity analysis indicated that some sub-groups were more susceptible to AR risk of home environmental exposure. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that pre-birth exposure to home environmental factors played an important role in AR development and this effect can be interacted by TRAP and temperature, which supports a hypothesis of "(pre)fetal origin of childhood AR".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zijing Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Hongsen Liao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenhui Yang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Qin Li
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Qin Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Mbulo L, Murty KS, Zhao L, Smith T, Palipudi K. Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Older Adults in India. J Aging Health 2021; 33:565-576. [PMID: 33787381 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Current tobacco use (CTU) and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among older adults in India (≥60 years) are prevalent in India and indicate the importance of addressing associated factors. Methods: Pooled Global Adult Tobacco Survey India 2009-2010 and 2016-2017 data (n = 17,299) for older adults examined prevalence of CTU and SHS exposure at home and/or in public places and associated socioeconomic and demographic correlates. Results: CTU among older adults in India was 44.6%, and SHS exposure at home and public places were 20.0% and 30.0%, respectively. Men, younger age-group, rural, lower education, lower wealth index, and lower knowledge were independently associated with CTU. Men, rural, lower education, lower wealth index, CTU, and lower knowledge were independently associated with SHS exposure at home. Men, younger age, and rural residence were associated with SHS exposure in public places. Conclusion: CTU and SHS exposure among older adults in India suggest targeted interventions to address associated social and demographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazarous Mbulo
- Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Luhua Zhao
- Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tenecia Smith
- Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krishna Palipudi
- Global Tobacco Control Branch, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yan M, Gong J, Liu Q, Li W, Duan X, Cao S, Li S, He L, Yin Z, Lin W, Zhang JJ. Prevalence of respiratory diseases in relation to smoking rate in adults living in four Chinese cities: a comparison between 2017-2018 and 1993-1996. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:6315-6326. [PMID: 33209471 PMCID: PMC7656329 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-19-crh-aq-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The sustained high prevalence of smoking in China has contributed substantially to the burden of chronic diseases, including respiratory diseases. This study compared the prevalence of smoking and respiratory diseases in Chinese adults between two time periods spanning over 25 years. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were performed in four Chinese cities of Chongqing, Lanzhou, Wuhan, and Guangzhou in 1993–1996 (Period 1) and in 2017–2018 (Period 2). Participants completed questionnaires asking smoking status, the presence of asthma and chronic bronchitis, education attainment and household characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios of disease prevalence with regard to active smoking status for men and passive smoking status for women. Results Prevalence of asthma, prevalence of chronic bronchitis, and smoking rate, all decreased from Period 1 to Period 2. We observed strong evidence that active smoking increased prevalence for both asthma and chronic bronchitis in men during Period 1, with spatial heterogeneity and modifying effect by college-level education. Home exposure to passive smoking was associated with increased odds of having chronic bronchitis among female participants in Chongqing during Period 2, although the association was not statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence for asthma and chronic bronchitis were lower in 2017–2018 compared to 25 years ago in the same four Chinese cities. Decreased smoking rate may have contribution to the improvement of these respiratory diseases. Male smokers, especially those without college-level education, showed higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis compared to nonsmokers during Period 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Yan
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, And Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, And Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Cao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyan He
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixuan Yin
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, And Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA.,Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Nishimura T, Kaminuma O, Saeki M, Kitamura N, Mori A, Hiroi T. Suppressive effect of environmental tobacco smoke on murine Th2 cell-mediated nasal eosinophilic inflammation. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e18. [PMID: 32411583 PMCID: PMC7203434 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is recognized as a risk factor for the development of various respiratory diseases. Objective In this study, the effect of ETS on allergen-immunized and allergen-specific Th2 cell-transferred murine eosinophilic inflammation models and that of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on allergen-induced Th2 cell proliferation and interleukin (IL)-4 production were investigated. Methods Ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized and OVA-specific Th2 cell-transferred BALB/c mice were exposed to ETS and were challenged with OVA. Then, the number of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa and nasal hyperresponsiveness (NHR) were assessed. The effects of CSE and nicotine on the allergen-induced proliferative response of and IL-4 production by Th2 cells were determined in vitro. Results In OVA-immunized and Th2 cell-transferred mice, allergen-induced NHR and nasal eosinophil infiltration were significantly suppressed by ETS exposure, whereas the accumulation of neutrophils was rather enhanced. Allergen-specific Th2 cell proliferation and IL-4 production were inhibited by coculture with CSE. The same effects were induced by nicotine, though the effect on proliferation was relatively weak. Conclusion Regardless of its harmful effect, ETS suppresses NHR, probably through the inhibition of Th2 cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Nishimura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Disease Model, Research Institute of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mayumi Saeki
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kitamura
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Mori
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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The relation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to chronic bronchitis and mortality over two decades. Respir Med 2019; 154:34-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Burns J, Boogaard H, Polus S, Pfadenhauer LM, Rohwer AC, van Erp AM, Turley R, Rehfuess E. Interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution and their effect on health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 5:CD010919. [PMID: 31106396 PMCID: PMC6526394 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010919.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution is associated with a large burden of disease in both high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To date, no systematic review has assessed the effectiveness of interventions aiming to reduce ambient air pollution. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of interventions to reduce ambient particulate matter air pollution in reducing pollutant concentrations and improving associated health outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched a range of electronic databases with diverse focuses, including health and biomedical research (CENTRAL, Cochrane Public Health Group Specialised Register, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO), multidisciplinary research (Scopus, Science Citation Index), social sciences (Social Science Citation Index), urban planning and environment (Greenfile), and LMICs (Global Health Library regional indexes, WHOLIS). Additionally, we searched grey literature databases, multiple online trial registries, references of included studies and the contents of relevant journals in an attempt to identify unpublished and ongoing studies, and studies not identified by our search strategy. The final search date for all databases was 31 August 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA Eligible for inclusion were randomized and cluster randomized controlled trials, as well as several non-randomized study designs, including controlled interrupted time-series studies (cITS-EPOC), interrupted time-series studies adhering to EPOC standards (ITS-EPOC), interrupted time-series studies not adhering to EPOC standards (ITS), controlled before-after studies adhering to EPOC standards (CBA-EPOC), and controlled before-after studies not adhering to EPOC standards (CBA); these were classified as main studies. Additionally, we included uncontrolled before-after studies (UBA) as supporting studies. We included studies that evaluated interventions to reduce ambient air pollution from industrial, residential, vehicular and multiple sources, with respect to their effect on mortality, morbidity and several air pollutant concentrations. We did not restrict studies based on the population, setting or comparison. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS After a calibration exercise among the author team, two authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We conducted data extraction, risk of bias assessment and evidence synthesis only for main studies; we mapped supporting studies with regard to the types of intervention and setting. To assess risk of bias, we used the Graphic Appraisal Tool for Epidemiological studies (GATE) for correlation studies, as modified and employed by the Centre for Public Health Excellence at the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). For each intervention category, i.e. those targeting industrial, residential, vehicular and multiple sources, we synthesized evidence narratively, as well as graphically using harvest plots. MAIN RESULTS We included 42 main studies assessing 38 unique interventions. These were heterogeneous with respect to setting; interventions were implemented in countries across the world, but most (79%) were implemented in HICs, with the remaining scattered across LMICs. Most interventions (76%) were implemented in urban or community settings.We identified a heterogeneous mix of interventions, including those aiming to address industrial (n = 5), residential (n = 7), vehicular (n = 22), and multiple sources (n = 4). Some specific interventions, such as low emission zones and stove exchanges, were assessed by several studies, whereas others, such as a wood burning ban, were only assessed by a single study.Most studies assessing health and air quality outcomes used routine monitoring data. Studies assessing health outcomes mostly investigated effects in the general population, while few studies assessed specific subgroups such as infants, children and the elderly. No identified studies assessed unintended or adverse effects.The judgements regarding the risk of bias of studies were mixed. Regarding health outcomes, we appraised eight studies (47%) as having no substantial risk of bias concerns, five studies (29%) as having some risk of bias concerns, and four studies (24%) as having serious risk of bias concerns. Regarding air quality outcomes, we judged 11 studies (31%) as having no substantial risk of bias concerns, 16 studies (46%) as having some risk of bias concerns, and eight studies (23%) as having serious risk of bias concerns.The evidence base, comprising non-randomized studies only, was of low or very low certainty for all intervention categories and primary outcomes. The narrative and graphical synthesis showed that evidence for effectiveness was mixed across the four intervention categories. For interventions targeting industrial, residential and multiple sources, a similar pattern emerged for both health and air quality outcomes, with essentially all studies observing either no clear association in either direction or a significant association favouring the intervention. The evidence base for interventions targeting vehicular sources was more heterogeneous, as a small number of studies did observe a significant association favouring the control. Overall, however, the evidence suggests that the assessed interventions do not worsen air quality or health. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Given the heterogeneity across interventions, outcomes, and methods, it was difficult to derive overall conclusions regarding the effectiveness of interventions in terms of improved air quality or health. Most included studies observed either no significant association in either direction or an association favouring the intervention, with little evidence that the assessed interventions might be harmful. The evidence base highlights the challenges related to establishing a causal relationship between specific air pollution interventions and outcomes. In light of these challenges, the results on effectiveness should be interpreted with caution; it is important to emphasize that lack of evidence of an association is not equivalent to evidence of no association.We identified limited evidence for several world regions, notably Africa, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Southeast Asia; decision-makers should prioritize the development and implementation of interventions in these settings. In the future, as new policies are introduced, decision-makers should consider a built-in evaluation component, which could facilitate more systematic and comprehensive evaluations. These could assess effectiveness, but also aspects of feasibility, fidelity and acceptability.The production of higher quality and more uniform evidence would be helpful in informing decisions. Researchers should strive to sufficiently account for confounding, assess the impact of methodological decisions through the conduct and communication of sensitivity analyses, and improve the reporting of methods, and other aspects of the study, most importantly the description of the intervention and the context in which it is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Burns
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichGermany
| | | | - Stephanie Polus
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichGermany
| | - Lisa M Pfadenhauer
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichGermany
| | - Anke C Rohwer
- Stellenbosch UniversityCentre for Evidence‐based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesFrancie van Zijl DriveCape TownSouth Africa7505
| | | | - Ruth Turley
- Cardiff UniversityCentre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer)1 Museum PlaceCardiffUKCF10 3BD
| | - Eva Rehfuess
- Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichInstitute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public HealthMarchioninistr. 15MunichGermany
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9
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Fell AKM, Svendsen MV, Kim JL, Abrahamsen R, Henneberger PK, Torén K, Blanc PD, Kongerud J. Exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms in non-smoking adults: cross-sectional data from the general population of Telemark, Norway. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:843. [PMID: 29980242 PMCID: PMC6035444 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Norway, data on the association between second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure at home and respiratory symptoms in adults are limited. Methods We assessed the association between self-reported exposure to SHS and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among never-smokers aged 16 to 50 years from the general population who were included in a cross-sectional population-based study in Telemark County, Norway. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of symptoms among 8850 never-smokers who provided an affirmative response to questions regarding SHS; 504 (5.7%) of these reported that they lived in a home with daily or occasional indoor smoking. Results Productive cough and nocturnal dyspnoea were statistically associated with daily SHS exposure (ORs 1.5 [95% CI 1.04–2.0] and 1.8 [1.2–2.7], respectively). In analyses stratified by gender, nocturnal dyspnoea was associated with SHS among women (OR 1.8 [1.1–3.1]), but not among men (OR 0.93 [0.49–1.8]). Symptoms were not associated with occasional SHS exposure in the entire group, but infrequent exposure among men only was associated with increased prevalence of chronic cough; (OR 1.6; [1.04–2.6]) and was negatively associated with wheeze; (OR 0.44 [0.21–0.92)]. Conclusions Daily SHS exposure in private homes was associated with productive cough and nocturnal dyspnoea. Our results suggest that preventive measures may be needed to reduce the respiratory effects of SHS at home. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02073708 Registered February 27. 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Fell
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Telemark Hospital, P. box 2900, Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway.
| | - M V Svendsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Telemark Hospital, P. box 2900, Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway
| | - J-L Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R Abrahamsen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Telemark Hospital, P. box 2900, Kjørbekk, 3710, Skien, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P K Henneberger
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Respiratory Health Division, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - K Torén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P D Blanc
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USCF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Kongerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Lee PN, Forey BA, Coombs KJ, Hamling JS, Thornton AJ. Epidemiological evidence relating environmental smoke to COPD in lifelong non-smokers: a systematic review. F1000Res 2018. [PMID: 32089819 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13887.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Some evidence suggests environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) might cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We reviewed available epidemiological data in never smokers. Methods: We identified epidemiological studies providing estimates of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for various ETS exposure indices. Confounder-adjusted RRs for COPD were extracted, or derived using standard methods. Meta-analyses were conducted for each exposure index, with tests for heterogeneity and publication bias. For the main index (spouse ever smoked or nearest equivalent), analyses investigated variation in RR by location, publication period, study type, sex, diagnosis, study size, confounder adjustment, never smoker definition, and exposure index definition. Results: Twenty-eight relevant studies were identified; nine European or Middle Eastern, nine Asian, eight American and two from multiple countries. Five were prospective, seven case-control and 16 cross-sectional. The COPD definition involved death or hospitalisation in seven studies, GOLD stage 1+ criteria in twelve, and other definitions in nine. For the main index, random-effects meta-analysis of 33 heterogeneous (p<0.001) estimates gave a RR of 1.20 (95%CI 1.08-1.34). Higher estimates for females (1.59,1.16-2.19, n=11) than males (1.29,0.94-1.76, n=7) or sexes combined (1.10,0.99-1.22, n=15 where sex-specific not available), and lower estimates for studies of 150+ cases (1.08,0.97-1.20, n=13) partly explained the heterogeneity. Estimates were higher for Asian studies (1.34,1.08-1.67, n=10), case-control studies (1.55,1.04-2.32, n=8), and COPD mortality or hospitalisation (1.40,1.12-1.74, n=11). Some increase was seen for severer COPD (1.29,1.10-1.52, n=7). Dose-response evidence was heterogeneous. Evidence for childhood (0.88,0.72-1.07, n=2) and workplace (1.12,0.77-1.64, n=4) exposure was limited, but an increase was seen for overall adulthood exposure (1.20,1.03-1.39, n=17). We discuss study weaknesses that may bias estimation of the association of COPD with ETS. Conclusions: Although the evidence suggests ETS increases COPD, study weaknesses and absence of well-designed large studies precludes reliable inference of causality. More definitive evidence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N Lee
- P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5DA, UK
| | - Barbara A Forey
- P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Jan S Hamling
- P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5DA, UK
| | - Alison J Thornton
- Independent Consultant in Statistics, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 1SG, UK
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11
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Lee PN, Forey BA, Coombs KJ, Hamling JS, Thornton AJ. Epidemiological evidence relating environmental smoke to COPD in lifelong non-smokers: a systematic review. F1000Res 2018; 7:146. [PMID: 32089819 PMCID: PMC6953425 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.13887.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Some evidence suggests environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) might cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We reviewed available epidemiological data in never smokers. Methods: We identified epidemiological studies providing estimates of relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for various ETS exposure indices. Confounder-adjusted RRs for COPD were extracted, or derived using standard methods. Meta-analyses were conducted for each exposure index, with tests for heterogeneity and publication bias. For the main index (spouse ever smoked or nearest equivalent), analyses investigated variation in RR by location, publication period, study type, sex, diagnosis, study size, confounder adjustment, never smoker definition, and exposure index definition. Results: Twenty-eight relevant studies were identified; nine European or Middle Eastern, nine Asian, eight American and two from multiple countries. Five were prospective, seven case-control and 16 cross-sectional. The COPD definition involved death or hospitalisation in seven studies, GOLD stage 1+ criteria in twelve, and other definitions in nine. For the main index, random-effects meta-analysis of 33 heterogeneous (p<0.001) estimates gave a RR of 1.20 (95%CI 1.08-1.34). Higher estimates for females (1.59,1.16-2.19, n=11) than males (1.29,0.94-1.76, n=7) or sexes combined (1.10,0.99-1.22, n=15 where sex-specific not available), and lower estimates for studies of 150+ cases (1.08,0.97-1.20, n=13) partly explained the heterogeneity. Estimates were higher for Asian studies (1.34,1.08-1.67, n=10), case-control studies (1.55,1.04-2.32, n=8), and COPD mortality or hospitalisation (1.40,1.12-1.74, n=11). Some increase was seen for severer COPD (1.29,1.10-1.52, n=7). Dose-response evidence was heterogeneous. Evidence for childhood (0.88,0.72-1.07, n=2) and workplace (1.12,0.77-1.64, n=4) exposure was limited, but an increase was seen for overall adulthood exposure (1.20,1.03-1.39, n=17). We discuss study weaknesses that may bias estimation of the association of COPD with ETS. Conclusions: Although the evidence suggests ETS increases COPD, study weaknesses and absence of well-designed large studies precludes reliable inference of causality. More definitive evidence is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Lee
- P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5DA, UK
| | - Barbara A. Forey
- P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5DA, UK
| | | | - Jan S. Hamling
- P.N. Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5DA, UK
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12
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Huang Y, Du W, Chen Y, Shen G, Su S, Lin N, Shen H, Zhu D, Yuan C, Duan Y, Liu J, Li B, Tao S. Household air pollution and personal inhalation exposure to particles (TSP/PM 2.5/PM 1.0/PM 0.25) in rural Shanxi, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:635-643. [PMID: 28846984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Personal exposure to size-segregated particles among rural residents in Shanxi, China in summer, 2011 were investigated using portable carried samplers (N = 84). Household air pollution was simultaneously studied using stationary samplers in nine homes. Information on household fuel types, cooking activity, smoking behavior, kitchen ventilation conditions etc., were also collected and discussed. The study found that even in the summer period, the daily average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM1.0 in the kitchen were as high as 376 ± 573 and 288 ± 397 μg/m3 (N = 6), that were nearly 3 times of 114 ± 81 and 97 ± 77 μg/m3 in the bedroom (N = 8), and significantly higher than those of 64 ± 28 and 47 ± 21 μg/m3 in the outdoor air (N = 6). The personal daily exposure to PM2.5 and PM1.0 were 98 ± 52 and 77 ± 47 μg/m3, respectively, that were lower than the concentrations in the kitchen but higher than the outdoor levels. The mass fractions of PM2.5 in TSP were 90%, 72%, 65% and 68% on average in the kitchen, bedroom, outdoor air and personal inhalation exposure, respectively, and moreover, a majority of particles in PM2.5 had diameters less than 1.0 μm. Calculated time-weighted average exposure based on indoor and outdoor air concentrations and time spent indoor and outdoor were positively correlated but, was ∼33% lower than the directly measured exposure. The daily exposure among those burning traditional solid fuels could be lower by ∼41% if the kitchen was equipped with an outdoor chimney, but was still 8-14% higher than those household using cleaning energies, like electricity and gas. With a ventilator in the kitchen, the exposure among the population using clean energies could be further reduced by 10-24%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Du
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shu Su
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huizhong Shen
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenyi Yuan
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yonghong Duan
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030800, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Doiron D, de Hoogh K, Probst-Hensch N, Mbatchou S, Eeftens M, Cai Y, Schindler C, Fortier I, Hodgson S, Gaye A, Stolk R, Hansell A. Residential Air Pollution and Associations with Wheeze and Shortness of Breath in Adults: A Combined Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from Two Large European Cohorts. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:097025. [PMID: 28963089 PMCID: PMC5915193 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research examining associations between air pollution exposure and respiratory symptoms in adults has generally been inconclusive. This may be related in part to sample size issues, which also preclude analysis in potentially vulnerable subgroups. OBJECTIVES We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and the prevalence of wheeze and shortness of breath using harmonized baseline data from two very large European cohorts, Lifelines (2006-2013) and UK Biobank (2006-2010). Our aim was also to determine whether the relationship between air pollution and respiratory symptom prevalence differed between individuals with different characteristics. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses explored associations between prevalence of self-reported wheeze and shortness of breath and annual mean particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5μm, 2.5-10μm, and <10μm (PM2.5, PMcoarse, and PM10, respectively) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations at place of residence using logistic regression. Subgroup analyses and tests for interaction were performed for age, sex, smoking status, household income, obesity status, and asthma status. RESULTS All PM exposures were associated with respiratory symptoms based on single-pollutant models, with the largest associations seen for PM2.5 with prevalence of wheezing {odds ratio (OR)=1.16 per 5μg/m³ [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 1.21]} and shortness of breath [OR=1.61 per 5μg/m³ (95% CI: 1.45, 1.78)]. The association between shortness of breath and a 5-μg/m³ increment in PM2.5 was significantly higher for individuals from lower-[OR=1.73 (95% CI: 1.52, 1.97)] versus higher-income households [OR=1.31 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.55); p-interaction=0.005), whereas the association between PM2.5 and wheeze was limited to lower-income participants [OR=1.30 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.38) vs. OR=1.02; (95% CI: 0.96, 1.08); p-interaction<0.001]. Exposure to NO2 also showed positive associations with wheeze and shortness of breath. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM and NO2 air pollution was associated with the prevalence of wheeze and shortness of breath in this large study, with stronger associations between PM2.5 and both outcomes among lower- versus higher-income participants. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Doiron
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Mbatchou
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marloes Eeftens
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University , Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yutong Cai
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Fortier
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan Hodgson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
| | - Amadou Gaye
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronald Stolk
- University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Hansell
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London, UK
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14
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de Jong K, Vonk JM, Imboden M, Lahousse L, Hofman A, Brusselle GG, Probst-Hensch NM, Postma DS, Boezen HM. Genes and pathways underlying susceptibility to impaired lung function in the context of environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Respir Res 2017; 18:142. [PMID: 28738859 PMCID: PMC5525356 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies aiming to assess genetic susceptibility for impaired lung function levels upon exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) have thus far focused on candidate-genes selected based on a-priori knowledge of potentially relevant biological pathways, such as glutathione S-transferases and ADAM33. By using a hypothesis-free approach, we aimed to identify novel susceptibility loci, and additionally explored biological pathways potentially underlying this susceptibility to impaired lung function in the context of ETS exposure. Methods Genome-wide interactions of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by ETS exposure (0 versus ≥1 h/day) in relation to the level of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were investigated in 10,817 subjects from the Dutch LifeLines cohort study, and verified in subjects from the Swiss SAPALDIA study (n = 1276) and the Dutch Rotterdam Study (n = 1156). SNP-by-ETS exposure p-values obtained from the identification analysis were used to perform a pathway analysis. Results Fourty Five SNP-by-ETS exposure interactions with p-values <10−4 were identified in the LifeLines study, two being replicated with nominally significant p-values (<0.05) in at least one of the replication cohorts. Three pathways were enriched in the pathway-level analysis performed in the identification cohort LifeLines, i.E. the apoptosis, p38 MAPK and TNF pathways. Conclusion This unique, first genome-wide gene-by-ETS interaction study on the level of FEV1 showed that pathways previously implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a disease characterized by airflow obstruction, may also underlie susceptibility to impaired lung function in the context of ETS exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0625-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J M Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G G Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N M Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D S Postma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - H M Boezen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Pahwa P, Karunanayake CP, Rennie DC, Lawson JA, Ramsden VR, McMullin K, Gardipy PJ, MacDonald J, Abonyi S, Episkenew JA, Dosman JA. Prevalence and associated risk factors of chronic bronchitis in First Nations people. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:95. [PMID: 28662706 PMCID: PMC5492442 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inadequate housing, low family income, household smoking, personal smoking status, and poor schooling are some of the conditions that have been significantly associated with the prevalence and incidence of chronic bronchitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) and associated risk factors among First Nations people. Methods An interviewer-administered survey was conducted as part of the First Nations Lung Health Project in 2012 and 2013 with 874 individuals from 406 households in two First Nations communities located in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The questionnaire collected information on individual and contextual determinants of health and a history of ever diagnosed with CB (outcome variable) from the two communities participating in the First Nations Lung Health Project. Clustering effect within households was adjusted using Generalized Estimating Equations. Results The prevalence of CB was 8.9% and 6.8% among residents (18 years and older) of community A and community B respectively and was not significantly different. CB prevalence was positively associated with odour or musty smell of mildew/mould in the house [ORadj (95% CI) = 2.33 (1.21, 4.50)], allergy to house dust [3.49 (1.75, 6.97)], an air conditioner in home [2.33 (1.18, 4.24)], and increasing age [0.99 (0.33, 2.95), 4.26 (1.74, 10.41), 6.08 (2.58, 14.33)]. An interaction exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the house*body mass index showed that exposure to household smoke increased the risk of CB for overweight and obese participants (borderline). Some of the variables of interest were not significantly associated with the prevalence of CB in multivariable analysis, possibly due to small numbers. Conclusions Our results suggest that significant determinants of CB were: increasing age; odour or musty smell of mildew/mould in the house; allergy to house dust; and, body mass index. Modifiable risk factors identified were: (i) community level-housing conditions (such as mould or mildew in home, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in house); and, (ii) policy level-remediation of mould, and obesity. Trial registration Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Pahwa
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Royal University Hospital, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada. .,Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, S7N 2Z4, SK, Canada.
| | - Chandima P Karunanayake
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Royal University Hospital, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Donna C Rennie
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Royal University Hospital, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Joshua A Lawson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Royal University Hospital, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Vivian R Ramsden
- Department of Academic Family Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, West Winds Primary Health Centre, 3311 Fairlight Drive, Saskatoon, S7M 3Y5, SK, Canada
| | - Kathleen McMullin
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Royal University Hospital, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | | | | | - Sylvia Abonyi
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, S7N 2Z4, SK, Canada
| | - Jo-Ann Episkenew
- Deceased, Former Faculty of Indigenous Peoples' Health Research Centre, University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - James A Dosman
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Royal University Hospital, 104, Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Sami AS, Scadding GK, Howarth P. A UK community-based survey on the prevalence of rhinosinusitis. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 43:76-89. [PMID: 28498627 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is limited information about the prevalence of rhinosinusitis in the UK community. This study aimed to identify its prevalence and investigate any association with demographic variables. The secondary aims were to determine the degree of impairment, impact on quality of life and any costs incurred by patients. DESIGN We used a modified version (MSNOT-20) of a quality-of-life instrument, the sinonasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20), in a small and successful pilot project. It was then used in a community-based survey and a second phase 6 months later to test repeatability. Nasal examination and comparison of its quality-of-life section with other health-related quality-of-life tools occurred in the second phase. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The questionnaire was administered by post to 2000 Farnborough (UK) residents, selected through stratified randomisation. The relation of an abnormal MSNOT-20 score with hay fever, asthma, smoking, food allergy, work productivity and social limitation was also analysed. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS The response rate was 79.8%; over thirty per cent of the community suffer from upper respiratory tract symptoms with impact on multiple domains of quality of life including emotional, financial costs and loss of days at work. The MSNOT-20 provided a more sensitive assessment of health-related quality of life than the Short Form 36 questionnaire. CONCLUSION Rhinosinusitis is prevalent in the Farnborough community and associated with significant morbidity and impairment on quality of life. The MSNOT-20 is a useful disease-specific quality-of-life tool in rhinosinusitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sami
- ENT and Allergy Department, University Hospital Lewisham, London, UK
| | - G K Scadding
- ENT and Allergy Department, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - P Howarth
- Allergy and Immunology Department, University Hospital Southampton, UK
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17
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Predictors of Increased Daytime Sleepiness in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. SLEEP DISORDERS 2016; 2016:1089196. [PMID: 27822390 PMCID: PMC5086390 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1089196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) suffer from increased daytime sleepiness. The aim of this study was to identify potential predictors of subjective daytime sleepiness with special regard to sleep-related breathing disorder and nocturnal activity. Methods. COPD patients were recruited at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. COPD risk groups A-D were determined according to spirometry and COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Breathing disorder evaluation was performed with the ApneaLink device. Nocturnal energy expenditure was measured with the SenseWear Mini Armband. Subjective daytime sleepiness was recorded using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Results. Twenty-two patients (36%) were in COPD risk group A, 28 patients (45%) in risk group B, and 12 patients (19%) in risk groups C + D (n = 62). Eleven patients (18%) had a pathological ESS ≥ 10/24. ESS correlated positively with CAT (r = 0.386, p < 0.01) and inversely with age (r = -0.347, p < 0.01). In multiple linear regression age (β = -0.254, p < 0.05), AHI (β = 0.287, p < 0.05) and CAT score (β = 0.380, p < 0.01) were independent predictors of ESS, while nocturnal energy expenditure showed no significant association (p = 0.619). Conclusion. These findings provide evidence that daytime sleepiness in COPD patients may partly be attributable to nocturnal respiratory disturbances and it seems to mostly affect younger patients with more severe COPD symptoms.
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Abstract
Like their peers in the general youth population, youth with chronic medical conditions (YCMC) are at risk for substance use, including nonmedical use of prescription medications. However, given dangerous disease-substance interactions, the stakes for detecting and intervening on substance use are perhaps even higher for YCMC. Given the risk for nonadherence with chronic disease management, it is incumbent on primary care providers, specialty providers, and behavioral health specialists to be vigilant in asking about substance use and providing brief counseling and referral to substance use treatment when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Hadland
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Kresge Building, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Leslie Renee Walker
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356320, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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19
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Abramson MJ, Schindler C, Schikowski T, Bircher AJ, Burdet L, Gerbase MW, Imboden M, Rochat T, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Turk AJ, Zemp E, Künzli N, Probst-Hensch N. Rhinitis in Swiss adults is associated with asthma and early life factors, but not second hand tobacco smoke or obesity. Allergol Int 2016; 65:192-198. [PMID: 26724835 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second hand tobacco smoke (SHS) and overweight/obesity are risk factors for asthma and lower airway respiratory symptoms. We investigated whether SHS or overweight/obesity were also associated with allergic or non-allergic rhinitis. METHODS Cross-sectional data were obtained during the second SAPALDIA Study. Interviewer administered questionnaires were completed by 8047 participants from 8 communities in Switzerland. Blood was collected from 5841 participants and tested for allergen specific IgE. Allergic rhinitis was defined as nasal symptoms with detectable IgE. Data were analysed by multinomial logistic regression with four outcome categories defined according to the presence or absence of rhinitis and/or atopy. RESULTS The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 885 (15.2%) and non-allergic rhinitis 323 (5.5%). The risk of allergic rhinitis was increased in subjects with physician diagnosed asthma (Relative Risk Ratio 6.81; 95%CI 5.39, 8.6), maternal atopy (1.56; 1.27, 1.92) and paternal atopy (1.41; 1.11, 1.79). Older subjects were at lower risk (0.96; 0.95,0.97 per year), as were those raised on a farm (0.64; 0.49,0.84), with older siblings (0.92; 0.86,0.97 per sib) or from rural areas. The risk of non-allergic rhinitis was also increased in subjects with physician diagnosed asthma (4.02; 2.86, 5.67), reduced in males (0.59; 0.46, 0.77), but not associated with upbringing on a farm or older siblings. There were no significant associations of SHS or overweight/obesity with either form of rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis have different risk factors apart from asthma. There are significant regional variations within Switzerland, which are not explained by the factors examined.
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Crotty Alexander LE, Shin S, Hwang JH. Inflammatory Diseases of the Lung Induced by Conventional Cigarette Smoke: A Review. Chest 2016; 148:1307-1322. [PMID: 26135024 DOI: 10.1378/chest.15-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking-induced lung diseases were extremely rare prior to the 20th century. With commercialization and introduction of machine-made cigarettes, worldwide use skyrocketed and several new pulmonary diseases have been recognized. The majority of pulmonary diseases caused by cigarette smoke (CS) are inflammatory in origin. Airway epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages have altered inflammatory signaling in response to CS, which leads to recruitment of lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells to the lungs-depending on the signaling pathway (nuclear factor-κB, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activated. Multiple proteins are upregulated and secreted in response to CS exposure, and many of these have immunomodulatory activities that contribute to disease pathogenesis. In particular, metalloproteases 9 and 12, surfactant protein D, antimicrobial peptides (LL-37 and human β defensin 2), and IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17 have been found in higher quantities in the lungs of smokers with ongoing inflammation. However, many underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced inflammatory diseases are not yet known. We review here the known cellular and molecular mechanisms of CS-induced diseases, including COPD, respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, chronic rhinosinusitis, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and chronic bacterial infections. We also discuss inflammation induced by secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposure and the pulmonary diseases that result. New targeted antiinflammatory therapeutic options are currently under investigation and hopefully will yield promising results for the treatment of these highly prevalent smoking-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA..
| | - Stephanie Shin
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - John H Hwang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System; and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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21
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Smith CR. Diagnosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-"Too little, too late?". Chron Respir Dis 2015; 12:281-3. [PMID: 26503219 DOI: 10.1177/1479972315598876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Ruth Smith
- Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Mass Spectrometry Unit, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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22
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Kim YW, Lee CH, Park YS, Kim YI, Ahn CM, Kim JO, Park JH, Lee SH, Kim JY, Chun EM, Jung TH, Yoo KH. Effect of Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke on the Quality of Life: A Nationwide Population-Based Study from South Korea. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138731. [PMID: 26394324 PMCID: PMC4579139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) has been associated with various medical conditions, only limited data are available on its association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL), particularly data obtained with the EQ-5D or EQ visual analogue scale (VAS). Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated 10,532 adult never-smokers who participated in the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. By using linear regression models to adjust for possible confounders and incorporating survey weights in analyses, the association between exposure to SHS and HRQOL—measured with the EQ-5D index and the EQ-VAS score—was evaluated. Data were further stratified by the amount of exposure time. Results After weighted analysis and adjustment, exposure to SHS was significantly associated with lower measures on the EQ-5D index (β = −0.007, P = 0.005) and EQ-VAS score (β = −1.936, P < 0.001). When comparing the unexposed group with the groups exposed <2h/day and ≥2h/day, exposure to a longer duration of SHS was significantly associated with lower scores on the EQ-5D index and the EQ-VAS score. Conclusion In conclusion, exposure to SHS was associated with reduced HRQOL measured by the EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS score, revealing a dose-response relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Wook Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu-Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Min Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Haak Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chilgok Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ha Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is mainly a smoking-related disorder and affects millions of people worldwide, with a large effect on individual patients and society as a whole. Although the disease becomes clinically apparent around the age of 40-50 years, its origins can begin very early in life. Different risk factors in very early life--ie, in utero and during early childhood--drive the development of clinically apparent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in later life. In discussions of which risk factors drive chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it is important to realise that the disease is very heterogeneous and at present is largely diagnosed by lung function only. In this Review, we will discuss the evidence for risk factors for the various phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during different stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Andrew Bush
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Kang SY, Cho YH, Jeong DW, Lee SY, Kim YJ, Lee JG, Lim HJ. Association between Secondhand Smoke and Health-related Quality of Life in Middle-aged Korean Adults. KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION 2015; 15:185. [DOI: 10.15384/kjhp.2015.15.4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young Hye Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang-Yeoup Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Medical Education Unit and Medical Research Institute Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Underner M, Perriot J, Peiffer G, Meurice JC. [Influence of tobacco smoking on the risk of developing asthma]. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 32:110-37. [PMID: 25765119 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this general review is to investigate the influence of active and passive smoking on the development of asthma in children and adults. Passive smoking during and after pregnancy facilitates the onset of childhood asthma and wheezing. In particular, smoking during pregnancy is associated with the occurrence of wheezing prior to the age of 4 years. In contrast, the results of studies on the relationship between parental smoking in the post-natal period and the onset of asthma or wheezing are discordant. Exposure to passive smoking during childhood facilitates the occurrence of asthma in adulthood. In adults and adolescents, active smoking appears to be a factor favoring the development of asthma. On the other hand, non-smoking adult subjects without history of asthma exposed to passive smoking have a risk of asthma. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which tobacco smoke is the cause of asthma are still poorly known. Smoking cessation is an essential component in the management of asthmatic subjects who smoke, facilitating the control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Underner
- Unité de tabacologie, service de pneumologie, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 86), CHU de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France.
| | - J Perriot
- Dispensaire Émile-Roux, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 63), 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Peiffer
- Service de pneumologie, CHR Metz-Thionville, 57038 Metz, France
| | - J-C Meurice
- Unité de tabacologie, service de pneumologie, centre de lutte antituberculeuse (CLAT 86), CHU de Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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26
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Eze IC, Schaffner E, Zemp E, von Eckardstein A, Turk A, Bettschart R, Schindler C, Probst-Hensch N. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and diabetes in adult never-smokers. Environ Health 2014; 13:74. [PMID: 25253088 PMCID: PMC4192739 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active smoking has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but only few recent studies have shown environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to be associated with DM in never-smokers. We assessed the association between long term ETS exposure and DM, and explored effect modifications of this association in our sample. METHODS We analysed 6392 participants of the Swiss study on air pollution and lung and heart diseases in adults (SAPALDIA). We used mixed logistic regression models to assess the cross-sectional association between ETS and DM. Selected variables were tested for effect modification and several sensitivity analyses were performed, mostly treating participants' study area as a random effect. RESULTS The prevalence of DM and ETS in the sample was 5.5% and 47% respectively. There were 2779 never-smokers with 4% diabetes prevalence. Exposure to ETS increased risk of DM in never-smokers by 50% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 2.26], and we observed a positive dose-response relationship between ETS exposure level and DM in never-smokers. Associations were strengthened (more than three-folds) by older age and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and were stronger in post-menopausal, obese, hypertriglyceridaemic and physically inactive participants. Estimates of association were robust across all sensitivity analyses (including inverse probability weighting for participation bias and fixed-effect analysis for study area). ETS had no substantial associations in current and ex-smokers in our study. CONCLUSIONS We found a positive association between ETS exposure and DM in never smokers. Additional longitudinal studies involving biomarkers are needed to further explore underlying mechanisms and susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna C Eze
- />Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Schaffner
- />Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Zemp
- />Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexander Turk
- />Zürcher Höhenklinik Wald, Wald-Faltigberg, Faltigberg-wald, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Schindler
- />Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- />Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- />University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Yan W, Li T, Zhong Z. Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel food Cordyceps guangdongensis on experimental rats with chronic bronchitis induced by tobacco smoking. Food Funct 2014; 5:2552-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lonergan BJ, Meaney S, Perry IJ, Comber H, Power B, Bradley C, Greiner BA. Smokers still underestimate the risks posed by secondhand smoke: a repeated cross-sectional study. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 16:1121-8. [PMID: 24867880 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about risk perception of secondhand smoke (SHS) and its changes over time. The aim of the study was to examine the role of smoking status and demographics on perceiving a range of health risks of SHS exposure and their trends over time among a representative sample of the Irish general population. METHODS This study included 2 repeated cross-sectional samples of Irish adults in 1999 (n = 1,240) and 2006 (n = 1,000), in addition to a representative sample of General Practitioners (2006: n = 248), sampled as a health care professional's view on SHS risk. Participants were asked to consider whether a nonsmoker, exposed to SHS, is at an increased risk of asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, bronchitis, diabetes, and ear infections in children. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the general population's risk perception of SHS for asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, and bronchitis from 1999 to 2006. Not even half of the general population in 1999 and in 2006 perceived a risk for the development of ear infections in children with SHS exposure (45% in 1999, 46% in 2006). With the exception of ear infections in children in 2006, the risk perception of all diseases differed significantly by smoking status; smokers' risk perception of SHS was significantly lower. Encouraging results suggest that the differences in risk perception between smokers and nonsmokers have decreased. CONCLUSION Risk perception of SHS exposure has improved as has the gap in perception between smokers and nonsmokers. This research points to a lack of awareness among the general population of the risk perception of SHS exposure to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie J Lonergan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland;
| | - Sarah Meaney
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ivan J Perry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Harry Comber
- National Cancer Registry, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Bernadette Power
- Department of Economics, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Colin Bradley
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Birgit A Greiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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29
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Saulyte J, Regueira C, Montes-Martínez A, Khudyakov P, Takkouche B. Active or passive exposure to tobacco smoking and allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, and food allergy in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001611. [PMID: 24618794 PMCID: PMC3949681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, and food allergy are extremely common diseases, especially among children, and are frequently associated to each other and to asthma. Smoking is a potential risk factor for these conditions, but so far, results from individual studies have been conflicting. The objective of this study was to examine the evidence for an association between active smoking (AS) or passive exposure to secondhand smoke and allergic conditions. METHODS AND FINDINGS We retrieved studies published in any language up to June 30th, 2013 by systematically searching Medline, Embase, the five regional bibliographic databases of the World Health Organization, and ISI-Proceedings databases, by manually examining the references of the original articles and reviews retrieved, and by establishing personal contact with clinical researchers. We included cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies reporting odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) estimates and confidence intervals of smoking and allergic conditions, first among the general population and then among children. We retrieved 97 studies on allergic rhinitis, 91 on allergic dermatitis, and eight on food allergy published in 139 different articles. When all studies were analyzed together (showing random effects model results and pooled ORs expressed as RR), allergic rhinitis was not associated with active smoking (pooled RR, 1.02 [95% CI 0.92-1.15]), but was associated with passive smoking (pooled RR 1.10 [95% CI 1.06-1.15]). Allergic dermatitis was associated with both active (pooled RR, 1.21 [95% CI 1.14-1.29]) and passive smoking (pooled RR, 1.07 [95% CI 1.03-1.12]). In children and adolescent, allergic rhinitis was associated with active (pooled RR, 1.40 (95% CI 1.24-1.59) and passive smoking (pooled RR, 1.09 [95% CI 1.04-1.14]). Allergic dermatitis was associated with active (pooled RR, 1.36 [95% CI 1.17-1.46]) and passive smoking (pooled RR, 1.06 [95% CI 1.01-1.11]). Food allergy was associated with SHS (1.43 [1.12-1.83]) when cohort studies only were examined, but not when all studies were combined. The findings are limited by the potential for confounding and bias given that most of the individual studies used a cross-sectional design. Furthermore, the studies showed a high degree of heterogeneity and the exposure and outcome measures were assessed by self-report, which may increase the potential for misclassification. CONCLUSIONS We observed very modest associations between smoking and some allergic diseases among adults. Among children and adolescents, both active and passive exposure to SHS were associated with a modest increased risk for allergic diseases, and passive smoking was associated with an increased risk for food allergy. Additional studies with detailed measurement of exposure and better case definition are needed to further explore the role of smoking in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Saulyte
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Regueira
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustín Montes-Martínez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polyna Khudyakov
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of
America
| | - Bahi Takkouche
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University
of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de
Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Casado B, Iadarola P, Luisetti M, Kussmann M. Proteomics-based diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the hunt for new markers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 5:693-704. [DOI: 10.1586/14789450.5.5.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Dabrowiecki P, Badyda AJ, Chcialowski A, Doboszynska A, Swietlik E, Gayer A, Mucha D. Spirometry day: a means to enhance social knowledge on respiratory diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 788:213-9. [PMID: 23835981 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6627-3_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The chapter presents the results of pulmonary function tests conducted as part of the Polish Spirometry Day of 2011, an initiative aimed at increasing the awareness of causes, symptoms, and delayed effects of common respiratory diseases, in particular of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and at demonstrating the role of regular examinations, especially in higher risk groups. The results show that there was a relatively substantial group of persons, 11.2 % of the population sample studied, not being aware of a respiratory disease they had. Furthermore, the results show that quite often, 12.4-16.0 % of the population studied, obstruction was diagnosed in persons who did not have any spirometry tests done before, despite some respiratory symptoms that should raise the attention of general practitioners to perform such tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Dabrowiecki
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defence, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Wang C, Mugler JP, de Lange EE, Patrie JT, Mata JF, Altes TA. Lung injury induced by secondhand smoke exposure detected with hyperpolarized helium-3 diffusion MR. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 39:77-84. [PMID: 24123388 PMCID: PMC5072395 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether helium-3 diffusion MR can detect the changes in the lungs of healthy nonsmoking individuals who were regularly exposed to secondhand smoke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups were studied (age: 59 ± 9 years): 23 smokers, 37 exposure-to-secondhand-smoke subjects, and 29 control subjects. We measured helium-3 diffusion values at diffusion times from 0.23 to 1.97 s. RESULTS One-way analysis of variance revealed that the mean area under the helium-3 diffusion curves (ADC AUC) of the smokers was significantly elevated compared with the controls and to the exposure-to-secondhand-smoke subjects (P < 0.001 both). No difference between the mean ADC AUC of the exposure-to-secondhand-smoke subjects and that of the controls was found (P = 0.115). However, application of a receiver operator characteristic-derived rule to classify subjects as either a "control" or a "smoker," based on ADC AUC, revealed that 30% (11/37) of the exposure-to-secondhand subjects were classified as "smokers" indicating an elevation of the ADC AUC. CONCLUSION Using helium-3 diffusion MR, elevated ADC values were detected in 30% of nonsmoking healthy subjects who had been regularly exposed to secondhand smoke, supporting the concept that, in susceptible individuals, secondhand smoke causes mild lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Wang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John P. Mugler
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eduard E. de Lange
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James T. Patrie
- Public Health Science, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jaime F. Mata
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Talissa A. Altes
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Luo YL, Li PB, Zhang CC, Zheng YF, Wang S, Nie YC, Zhang KJ, Su WW. Effects of four antitussives on airway neurogenic inflammation in a guinea pig model of chronic cough induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Inflamm Res 2013; 62:1053-61. [PMID: 24085318 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of four antitussives, including codeine phosphate (CP), moguisteine, levodropropizine (LVDP) and naringin, on airway neurogenic inflammation and enhanced cough were investigated in guinea pig model of chronic cough. METHODS Guinea pigs were exposed to CS for 8 weeks. At the 7th and 8th week, the animals were treated with vehicle, CP (4.8 mg/kg), moguisteine (24 mg/kg), LVDP (14 mg/kg) and naringin (18.4 mg/kg) respectively. Then the cough and the time-enhanced pause area under the curve (Penh-AUC) during capsaicin challenge were recorded. The substance P (SP) content, NK-1 receptor expression and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) activity in lung were determined. RESULTS Chronic CS exposure induced a bi-phase time course of cough responsiveness to capsaicin. Eight weeks of CS exposure significantly enhanced the airway neurogenic inflammation and cough response in guinea pigs. Two weeks of treatment with CP, moguisteine, LVDP or naringin effectively attenuated the chronic CS-exposure enhanced cough. Only naringin exerted significant effect on inhibiting Penh-AUC, SP content and NK-1 receptor expression, as well as preventing the declining of NEP activity in lung. CONCLUSIONS Chronic CS-exposed guinea pig is suitable for studying chronic pathological cough, in which naringin is effective on inhibiting both airway neurogenic inflammation and enhanced cough.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-long Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No.135, Xingangxi Street, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China,
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Hur K, Liang J, Lin SY. The role of secondhand smoke in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2013; 4:110-6. [DOI: 10.1002/alr.21246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Hur
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD
| | - Jonathan Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD
| | - Sandra Y. Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Most asthma starts early in life. Defining phenotypes of asthma at this age is difficult as many preschool children have asthma-like respiratory symptoms. This review discusses progress in defining early wheezing phenotypes and describes genetic factors associated with the age of onset of asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Latent class analyses confirmed transient and persistent wheezing phenotypes, and identified a novel intermediate-onset wheezing phenotype that was strongly associated with atopy and asthma at age 8 years. However, no single cross-sectional or longitudinal definition of respiratory symptoms in childhood strongly predicts asthma later in life. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified a locus on chromosome 17q12-21 (encoding ORMDL3 and GSDMB) as a risk factor for predominantly childhood-onset asthma, but not for atopy, and overall not for adult-onset asthma. Other loci found by GWA studies appear to increase asthma risk both in children and adults. Atopy genes do not explain early-onset asthma. SUMMARY Although most asthma starts early in life, no valid test is able to identify asthma at that age period. GWA studies have provided more insight into the unique and common genetic origins of adult-onset and childhood-onset asthma. The 17q12-21 locus is predominantly associated with childhood-onset asthma.
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de Jong K, Boezen HM, Hacken NHTT, Postma DS, Vonk JM. GST-omega genes interact with environmental tobacco smoke on adult level of lung function. Respir Res 2013; 14:83. [PMID: 23937118 PMCID: PMC3751364 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung growth in utero and lung function loss during adulthood can be affected by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Both ETS exposure and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Omega genes have been associated with the level of lung function. This study aimed to assess if GSTO SNPs interact with ETS exposure in utero and during adulthood on the level of lung function during adulthood. METHODS We used cross-sectional data of 8,128 genotyped participants from the LifeLines cohort study. Linear regression models (adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, current smoking, ex-smoking and packyears smoked) were used to analyze the associations between in utero, daily and workplace ETS exposure, GSTO SNPs, the interaction between ETS and GSTOs, and level of lung function (FEV(1), FEV(1)/FVC). Since the interactions between ETS and GSTOs may be modified by active tobacco smoking we additionally assessed associations in never and ever smokers separately. A second sample of 5,308 genotyped LifeLines participants was used to verify our initial findings. RESULTS Daily and workplace ETS exposure was associated with significantly lower FEV(1)levels. GSTO SNPs (recessive model) interacted with in utero ETS and were associated with higher levels of FEV(1), whereas the interactions with daily and workplace ETS exposure were associated with lower levels of FEV(1), effects being more pronounced in never smokers. The interaction of GSTO2 SNP rs156697 with in utero ETS associated with a higher level of FEV(1) was significantly replicated in the second sample. Overall, the directions of the interactions of in utero and workplace ETS exposure with the SNPs found in the second (verification) sample were in line with the first sample. CONCLUSIONS GSTO genotypes interact with in utero and adulthood ETS exposure on adult lung function level, but in opposite directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim de Jong
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Kratzer A, Salys J, Nold-Petry C, Cool C, Zamora M, Bowler R, Koczulla AR, Janciauskiene S, Edwards MG, Dinarello CA, Taraseviciene-Stewart L. Role of IL-18 in second-hand smoke-induced emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:725-32. [PMID: 23392573 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0173oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure comprises the main risk factor for nonsmokers to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the mechanisms behind the chronic inflammation and lung destruction remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that chronic exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to SHS results in a significant increase of proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and a significant decrease of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the lung tissue. SHS exposure resulted in progressive alveolar airspace enlargement, cell death, pulmonary vessel loss, vessel muscularization, collagen deposition, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Alveolar macrophages displayed a foamy phenotype and a decreased expression of the natural inhibitor of IL-18, namely, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Moreover, IL-18 down-regulated the expression of VEGF receptor-1 and VEGFR receptor-2, and induced apoptosis in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. We also observed a trend toward increased concentrations of IL-18 in the BALF of patients with COPD. Our findings suggest that IL-18-mediated endothelial cell death may contribute to vascular destruction and disappearance in SHS-induced COPD. Moreover, IL-18 and IL-18BP are potential new targets for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid Kratzer
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Leberl M, Kratzer A, Taraseviciene-Stewart L. Tobacco smoke induced COPD/emphysema in the animal model-are we all on the same page? Front Physiol 2013; 4:91. [PMID: 23720629 PMCID: PMC3654205 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the foremost causes of death worldwide. It is primarily caused by tobacco smoke, making it an easily preventable disease, but facilitated by genetic α-1 antitrypsin deficiency. In addition to active smokers, health problems also occur in people involuntarily exposed to second hand smoke (SHS). Currently, the relationship between SHS and COPD is not well established. Knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms is limited, thereby halting the advancement of new treatments for this socially and economically detrimental disease. Here, we attempt to summarize tobacco smoke studies undertaken in animal models, applying both mainstream (direct, nose only) and side stream (indirect, whole body) smoke exposures. This overview of 155 studies compares cellular and molecular mechanisms as well as proteolytic, inflammatory, and vasoreactive responses underlying COPD development. This is a difficult task, as listing of exposure parameters is limited for most experiments. We show that both mainstream and SHS studies largely present similar inflammatory cell populations dominated by macrophages as well as elevated chemokine/cytokine levels, such as TNF-α. Additionally, SHS, like mainstream smoke, has been shown to cause vascular remodeling and neutrophil elastase-mediated proteolytic matrix breakdown with failure to repair. Disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions appear to coincide in both exposure scenarios. One of the more widely applied interventions, the anti-oxidant therapy, is successful for both mainstream and SHS. The comparison of direct with indirect smoke exposure studies in this review emphasizes that, even though there are many overlapping pathways, it is not conclusive that SHS is using exactly the same mechanisms as direct smoke in COPD pathogenesis, but should be considered a preventable health risk. Some characteristics and therapeutic alternatives uniquely exist in SHS-related COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Leberl
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, CO, USA
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Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, Jones PW, Vogelmeier C, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Fabbri LM, Martinez FJ, Nishimura M, Stockley RA, Sin DD, Rodriguez-Roisin R. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:347-65. [PMID: 22878278 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0596pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3597] [Impact Index Per Article: 327.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Vestbo
- Manchester Academic Sciences Health Centre, Respiratory Research Group, University of Manchester, University Hospital South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
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Kent BD, Sulaiman I, Nicholson TT, Lane SJ, Moloney ED. Acute pulmonary admissions following implementation of a national workplace smoking ban. Chest 2013; 142:673-679. [PMID: 22383660 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implementation of workplace smoking bans has contributed to a significant reduction in the incidence of acute coronary syndrome admissions, but their influence on adult acute pulmonary disease admissions is unclear. We sought to assess the impact of a national smoking ban on nationwide admissions of individuals of working age with acute pulmonary illness. METHODS Data relating to emergency hospital admissions of subjects aged 20 to 70 years preceding and succeeding the implementation of the Irish smoking ban were obtained from a central registry. Population, weather, pollution, and influenza data were obtained from the relevant authorities. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess adjusted risk of emergency hospital admission following implementation of the smoking ban. RESULTS Overall admissions with pulmonary illness decreased from 439 per 100,000 population per annum to 396 per 100,000 population per annum following the ban (unadjusted relative risk [RR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99; P = .048). This persisted following adjustment for confounding factors (adjusted RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99; P = .04) and was most marked among younger age groups and in admissions due to asthma (adjusted RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-0.91; P = .016). Admissions with acute coronary syndromes (adjusted RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97; P = .02), but not stroke (adjusted RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.73-1.20; P = .60), were also reduced. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a nationwide workplace smoking ban is associated with a decline in admissions with acute pulmonary disease among specific age groups and an overall reduction in asthma admissions. This may result from reduced exposure of vulnerable individuals to environmental tobacco smoke, emphasizing the potential benefit of legislation reducing second-hand smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Kent
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Imran Sulaiman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Trevor T Nicholson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Lane
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Edward D Moloney
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Although there are nonmodifiable genetic risk factors for COPD, most known risk factors for development and progression of COPD can be corrected. Continued efforts to encourage smoking cessation and measures to reduce exposure to SHS, outdoor air pollution, biomass smoke, and occupational and related amateur exposures will have a significant impact on worldwide health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Pirozzi
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Luo YL, Zhang CC, Li PB, Nie YC, Wu H, Shen JG, Su WW. Naringin attenuates enhanced cough, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in a guinea pig model of chronic bronchitis induced by cigarette smoke. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:301-7. [PMID: 22575871 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Naringin is a flavanone with various bioactivities including expectorant effect, antitussive effect and inhibitory effects on asthma and acute lung injury. In present study we examined the effects of naringin on enhanced cough, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation in chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure-induced chronic bronchitis in guinea pigs. To achieve this, guinea pigs were exposed to CS for 8weeks (10cigarettes/day, 6days/week). Oral administration of naringin (9.2, 18.4 and 36.8mg/kg) significantly attenuated the enhanced cough and AHR in smoke-exposed guinea pigs, reduced the concentrations of interleukin-8 (IL-8), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and decreased the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in both BALF and lung tissue, but did not significantly decrease the leukocytes in BALF. Naringin also improved superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissue and increased the content of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in BALF in this guinea pig model of chronic bronchitis. These results suggested that naringin exhibited antitussive, anti-AHR and anti-inflammation effects on chronic CS exposure-induced chronic bronchitis in guinea pigs, and may possess novel therapeutic potential in the treatment of chronic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Habesoglu M, Demir K, Yumusakhuylu AC, Yilmaz AS, Oysu C. Does passive smoking have an effect on nasal mucociliary clearance? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012; 147:152-6. [PMID: 22383459 DOI: 10.1177/0194599812439004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to review the literature about nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) and passive smoking in otorhinolaryngology by clearly explaining their relationship in a cross-sectional study. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Umraniye Education and Research Hospital in Turkey. Umraniye Education and Research Hospital Ethical Committee approved the study, and informed consents of the patients were obtained. METHODS Our study consisted of patients who presented to the Ear-Nose-Throat Department of Istanbul Umraniye Education and Research Hospital between February 2011 and July 2011. Three groups of subjects were evaluated: 15 passive smokers (group 1), 17 active smokers (group 2), and 15 healthy matched controls (group 3). All patients were asked to answer our questions regarding their smoking history, and nasal MCC time was assessed for all individuals of the 3 groups. RESULTS The mean MCC value was 23.59 ± 12.41 in the smoking group, 12.6 ± 4.67 in the passive smoking group, and 6.4 ± 1.55 in the healthy group. The comparison of MCC values between the smoking group and passive smoking group and between the smoking group and healthy group revealed statistically significant differences (P < .01). There was also a significant difference between the MCC values of the passive smoking group and the healthy group (P < .01). In addition, we compared MCC values according to exposure number of cigarettes. CONCLUSION In this study, we conclude that passive smoking affects nasal MCC. Both active and passive smoking increases nasal MCC time when compared with healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Habesoglu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Umraniye Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Ozdoganoglu T, Songu M. The burden of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2011; 6:11-23. [PMID: 22179899 DOI: 10.1177/1753465811431975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and allergic rhinitis are common health problems that cause major illness and disability worldwide. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is estimated to range from 10% to 20% in the USA and Europe. Multiple factors contribute to the wide range of reported prevalence rates. These include type of prevalence rate reported (current or cumulative), study selection criteria, age of participants, differences in survey methods, varied geographic locations and socioeconomic status, any of which are significant enough to confound direct comparison between studies. There is no standard set of diagnostic criteria for allergic rhinitis. In most studies, the criteria for diagnosis are based on the subject's reporting, solely by questionnaire and rarely confirmed by skin testing. In addition, most studies focus on hay fever, leaving perennial allergic rhinitis underestimated. Sinus imaging is generally not performed and, therefore, rhinosinusitis not differentiated. Some investigators report 'current' prevalence while others report 'cumulative' or 'lifetime' prevalence. Epidemiologic studies have consistently shown that asthma and rhinitis often coexist in the same patients. The prevalence of asthma is <2% in subjects without rhinitis while it varies from 10% to 40% in patients with rhinitis. Furthermore, the majority of patients with asthma experience rhinitis, which is a factor in the risk for asthma. Despite recognition that allergic rhinitis and asthma are global health problems, there are insufficient epidemiologic data and more data are needed with regard to their etiologic risk factors and natural history. This aim of this review is to enable the reader to discuss prevalence, risk factors and prognosis of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunis Ozdoganoglu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Green Clinic, Girne, North Cyprus
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Lesage FX, Deschamps F, Jurca D. Illegal passive smoking at work. Adv Prev Med 2011; 2011:975678. [PMID: 21991448 PMCID: PMC3170763 DOI: 10.4061/2011/975678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Exposure to passive smoking at work has been forbidden for few years in France. This study's aim is to estimate the prevalence of passive smoking at work (PSW), the characteristics of illegal passive smoking and to identify eventual respiratory effects.
Methods. Occupational practitioners (OPs) of a French county of 320,000 wage earners were contacted by mail. Then OP answered questions from a standardized questionnaire. These questions concerned the practised job, exposure features linked to PSW and health effects in relationship with second-hand smoke in workplace, and the focus on nonsmoker encountered by OP during the most recent occupational medical examination.
Results. Ninety-five percent of a total group of 172 OP of Champagne county filled the postal questionnaire. More than 80% of OP's replies identified illegal PSW. The average prevalence of PSW exposure was 0.7% of the total working population. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) levels were considered between low and medium for most passive smokers (71%). Main features exposure to ETS at work for non-smokers was associated with female gender (69.5%), age between 40 and 49 years (41.2%) and belonging to tertiary sector (75.6%). Environmental tobacco smoke exposures at work was firstly in the office for 49.7% of the subjects and secondly in the restroom for 18% of them. Main medical symptoms encountered by non-smokers were respiratory tractus irritation (81.7%). Eighty-three percent of OPs indicated solution to eradicate PSW. Illegal PSW is really weaker than fifteen years ago. However, the findings support a real ban on smoking in the workplace in order to protect all workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Lesage
- Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
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Beatty AL, Haight TJ, Redberg RF. Associations between respiratory illnesses and secondhand smoke exposure in flight attendants: A cross-sectional analysis of the Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute Survey. Environ Health 2011; 10:81. [PMID: 21943016 PMCID: PMC3190330 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-10-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) is associated with increased risk of respiratory illness, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Prior to smoking bans on airlines in the late 1980s, flight attendants were exposed to a significant amount of SHS. In the present study, we examine associations between flight attendant SHS exposure and development of respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: Between December 2006 and October 2010, three hundred sixty-two flight attendants completed an online questionnaire with information regarding experience as a flight attendant, medical history, smoking history, and SHS exposure. Rates of illnesses in flight attendants were compared with an age and smoking history matched population sample from NHANES 2005-2006. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of reported medical conditions and pre-ban years of exposure. RESULTS: Compared with the sample from NHANES 2005-2006, flight attendants had increased prevalence of chronic bronchitis (11.7% vs. 7.2%, p < 0.05), emphysema/COPD (3.2% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.03), and sinus problems (31.5% vs. 20.9%, p < 0.002), despite a lower prevalence of medical illnesses including high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, heart failure, cancer, and thyroid disease. Amongst flight attendants who reported never smoking over their lifetimes, there was not a significant association between years of service as a flight attendant in the pre-smoking ban era and illnesses. However, in this same group, there was a significantly increased risk of daily symptoms (vs. no symptoms) of nasal congestion, throat, or eye irritation per 10-year increase of years of service as a flight attendant prior to the smoking ban (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.41 - 3.24). CONCLUSIONS: Flight attendants experience increased rates of respiratory illnesses compared to a population sample. The frequency of symptoms of nasal congestion, throat or eye irritation is associated with occupational SHS exposure in the pre-smoking ban era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis L Beatty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0124, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thaddeus J Haight
- Center for Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, MC 7360, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rita F Redberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0124, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Gerbase MW, Keidel D, Imboden M, Gemperli A, Bircher A, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Bridevaux PO, Berger W, Schindler C, Rochat T, Probst-Hensch N. Effect modification of immunoglobulin E-mediated atopy and rhinitis by glutathione S-transferase genotypes in passive smokers. Clin Exp Allergy 2011; 41:1579-86. [PMID: 21729179 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggest that glutathione S-transferase (GST) genotypes modify nasal allergen responses induced by secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether GSTs affected systemic IgE and allergic rhinitis (AR) in SHS-exposed individuals from a population-based cohort. METHODS Analyses comprised 2309 never-smokers from the Swiss study on air pollution and health in adults cohort, reporting SHS status at baseline and 11 years later. Outcomes were defined by total serum IgE≥100 kU/L, specific serum IgE determined by Phadiatop® ≥0.35 kU/L and self-reported AR. GSTP1 Ile105Val, GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletion genotypes were identified at the follow-up survey. RESULTS After adjustment for relevant covariates, the homozygous GSTP1 105-Val genotype was negatively associated with high total IgE and high-specific IgE by Phadiatop®, notably in subjects persistently exposed to SHS (OR: 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.75; P=0.02, for high total IgE and OR: 0.29, 95% CI 0.10-0.89; P=0.03, for high specific IgE by Phadiatop®). Carrying at least one copy of the GSTM1 gene (non-null) showed a similar association for high specific IgE by Phadiatop® (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.76; P=0.004). No significant associations were found between GSTs and rhinitis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this large cohort, homozygosity for GSTP1 105-Val or carrying the GSTM1 non-null genotype decreased the risk of high total IgE or high specific IgE using Phadiatop® by nearly half in subjects exposed to SHS, as compared with subjects carrying opposite alleles. These findings underline the value of genetic susceptibility when evaluating the effects of environmental exposure on allergic illness. The potential long-term effects of persistent SHS exposure in genetically vulnerable individuals may be of public health relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Gerbase
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Clausen G, Bekö G, Corsi RL, Gunnarsen L, Nazaroff WW, Olesen BW, Sigsgaard T, Sundell J, Toftum J, Weschler CJ. Reflections on the state of research: indoor environmental quality. INDOOR AIR 2011; 21:219-230. [PMID: 21204991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00706.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED More than 30 years after the First International Indoor Climate Symposium, ten researchers from the USA, Slovakia, Sweden, and Denmark gathered to review the current status of indoor environmental research. We initiated our review with discussions during the 1-day meeting and followed that with parallel research and writing efforts culminating with internal review and revision cycles. In this paper, we present our choices for the most important research findings on indoor environmental quality from the past three decades followed by a discussion of the most important research questions in our field today. We then continue with a discussion on whether there are research areas for which we can 'close the book' and say that we already know what is needed. Finally, we discuss whether we can maintain our identity in the future or it is time to team up with new partners. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS In the early years of this field, the accumulated knowledge was small and it was possible for any researcher to acquire a complete understanding. To do so has become impossible today as what we know has grown to exceed the learning capacity of any person. These circumstances challenge us to work collectively to synthesize what we do know and to define clearly what remains to be learned. If we fail to do these things well, we risk repeating research without memory, an inefficiency that we cannot afford.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Clausen
- International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Comhair SAA, Gaston BM, Ricci KS, Hammel J, Dweik RA, Teague WG, Meyers D, Ampleford EJ, Bleecker ER, Busse WW, Calhoun WJ, Castro M, Chung KF, Curran-Everett D, Israel E, Jarjour WN, Moore W, Peters SP, Wenzel S, Hazen SL, Erzurum SC. Detrimental effects of environmental tobacco smoke in relation to asthma severity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18574. [PMID: 21572527 PMCID: PMC3087715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has adverse effects on the health of asthmatics, however the harmful consequences of ETS in relation to asthma severity are unknown. METHODS In a multicenter study of severe asthma, we assessed the impact of ETS exposure on morbidity, health care utilization and lung functions; and activity of systemic superoxide dismutase (SOD), a potential oxidative target of ETS that is negatively associated with asthma severity. FINDINGS From 2002-2006, 654 asthmatics (non-severe 366, severe 288) were enrolled, among whom 109 non-severe and 67 severe asthmatics were routinely exposed to ETS as ascertained by history and validated by urine cotinine levels. ETS-exposure was associated with lower quality of life scores; greater rescue inhaler use; lower lung function; greater bronchodilator responsiveness; and greater risk for emergency room visits, hospitalization and intensive care unit admission. ETS-exposure was associated with lower levels of serum SOD activity, particularly in asthmatic women of African heritage. INTERPRETATION ETS-exposure of asthmatic individuals is associated with worse lung function, higher acuity of exacerbations, more health care utilization, and greater bronchial hyperreactivity. The association of diminished systemic SOD activity to ETS exposure provides for the first time a specific oxidant mechanism by which ETS may adversely affect patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy A. A. Comhair
- Departments of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAAC); (SCE)
| | - Benjamin M. Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kristin S. Ricci
- Departments of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Hammel
- Departments of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Raed A. Dweik
- Departments of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - W. Gerald Teague
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Deborah Meyers
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Ampleford
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eugene R. Bleecker
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William W. Busse
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United State of America
| | - William J. Calhoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mario Castro
- Internal Medicine/Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Division of Biostatistics, National Jewish Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Elliot Israel
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - W. Nizar Jarjour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United State of America
| | - Wendy Moore
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen P. Peters
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Immunologic Diseases, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Asthma Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Departments of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SAAC); (SCE)
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Casado B, Luisetti M, Iadarola P. Advances in proteomic techniques for biomarker discovery in COPD. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2011; 7:111-23. [PMID: 21162654 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the lung with airflow obstruction and progressive deterioration of pulmonary function. The need to discover and validate biomarkers as prognostic tools of development and progression of the disease has received further support with the advent of proteomic techniques. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gel electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (2-DE/MS) have been applied to investigate the proteome of a number of lung-origin samples, including sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, exhaled-breath condensate, cells and biopsies from COPD patients. In particular, 2-DE and MS are the main proteomic approaches with 2-DE presenting the major approach for quantitative proteomics. The molecules identified as potential biomarkers of COPD may represent a preliminary step for better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the onset/progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Casado
- Quality and Safety Department, Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
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