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Grytting VS, Skuland T, Ballangby J, Refsnes M, Låg M, Øvrevik J, Mariussen E. The effects of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786) on three different 3D lung models exposed at the air-liquid interface - A comparative study. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 98:105841. [PMID: 38729454 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
3D cell culture models exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) represent a potential alternative to animal experiments for hazard and risk assessment of inhaled compounds. This study compares cocultures composed of either Calu-3, A549 or HBEC3-KT lung epithelial cells, cultured together with THP-1-derived macrophages and EA.hy926 endothelial cells, in terms of barrier capacity and responses to a standard reference sample of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786). High-content imaging analysis revealed a similar cellular composition between the different cell models. The 3D cell cultures with Calu-3 cells showed the greatest barrier capacity, as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance and permeability to Na-fluorescein. Mucus production was detected in 3D cell cultures based on Calu-3 and A549 cells. Exposure to SRM 2786 at ALI increased cytokine release and expression of genes associated with inflammation and xenobiotic metabolism. Moreover, the presence of THP-1-derived macrophages was central to the cytokine responses in all cell models. While the different 3D cell culture models produced qualitatively similar responses, more pronounced pro-inflammatory responses were observed in the basolateral compartment of the A549 and HBEC3-KT models compared to the Calu-3 model, likely due to their reduced barrier capacity and lower retention of secreted mediators in the apical compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Sæter Grytting
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
| | - Tonje Skuland
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Jarle Ballangby
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Mariussen
- Department of Air quality and Noise, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo 0213, Norway.
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2
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Kim GD, Lim EY, Shin HS. Macrophage Polarization and Functions in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5631. [PMID: 38891820 PMCID: PMC11172060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the major leading cause of mortality worldwide, is a progressive and irreversible respiratory condition characterized by peripheral airway and lung parenchymal inflammation, accompanied by fibrosis, emphysema, and airflow limitation, and has multiple etiologies, including genetic variance, air pollution, and repetitive exposure to harmful substances. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of COPD have not been identified. Recent multiomics-based evidence suggests that the plasticity of alveolar macrophages contributes to the onset and progression of COPD through the coordinated modulation of numerous transcription factors. Therefore, this review focuses on understanding the mechanisms and functions of macrophage polarization that regulate lung homeostasis in COPD. These findings may provide a better insight into the distinct role of macrophages in COPD pathogenesis and perspective for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Dong Kim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-D.K.); (E.Y.L.)
| | - Eun Yeong Lim
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-D.K.); (E.Y.L.)
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Division of Food Functionality Research, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (G.-D.K.); (E.Y.L.)
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zheng X, Chen X, Hu X, Chen L, Mi N, Zhong Q, Wang L, Lin C, Chen Y, Lai F, Hu X, Zhang Y. Downregulated BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling causes emphysema via dysfunction of alveolar type II epithelial cells. J Pathol 2024; 262:320-333. [PMID: 38108121 DOI: 10.1002/path.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad1/5/8 signaling plays a crucial regulatory role in lung development and adult lung homeostasis. However, it remains elusive whether BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema. In this study, we downregulated BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling by overexpressing its antagonist Noggin in adult mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells (AT2s), resulting in an emphysematous phenotype mimicking the typical pathological features of human emphysema, including distal airspace enlargement, pulmonary inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and impaired lung function. Dysregulation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling in AT2s leads to inflammatory destruction dominated by macrophage infiltration, associated with reduced secretion of surfactant proteins and inhibition of AT2 proliferation and differentiation. Reactivation of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling by genetics or chemotherapy significantly attenuated the morphology and pathophysiology of emphysema and improved the lung function in Noggin-overexpressing lungs. We also found that BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling was downregulated in cigarette smoke-induced emphysema, and that enhancing its activity in AT2s prevented or even reversed emphysema in the mouse model. Our data suggest that BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling, located at the top of the signaling cascade that regulates lung homeostasis, represents a key molecular regulator of alveolar stem cell secretory and regenerative function, and could serve as a potential target for future prevention and treatment of pulmonary emphysema. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Sport and Health Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Lidan Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Nana Mi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Qianqian Zhong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Linfang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Chensheng Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Fancai Lai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Yanding Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
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Rojas-Quintero J, Ochsner SA, New F, Divakar P, Yang CX, Wu TD, Robinson J, Chandrashekar DS, Banovich NE, Rosas IO, Sauler M, Kheradmand F, Gaggar A, Margaroli C, San Jose Estepar R, McKenna NJ, Polverino F. Spatial Transcriptomics Resolve an Emphysema-Specific Lymphoid Follicle B Cell Signature in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:48-58. [PMID: 37934672 PMCID: PMC10870877 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0507le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema is characterized by a significant yet partially understood B cell immune component. Objectives: To characterize the transcriptomic signatures from lymphoid follicles (LFs) in ever-smokers without COPD and patients with COPD with varying degrees of emphysema. Methods: Lung sections from 40 patients with COPD and ever-smokers were used for LF proteomic and transcriptomic spatial profiling. Formalin- and O.C.T.-fixed lung samples obtained from biopsies or lung explants were assessed for LF presence. Emphysema measurements were obtained from clinical chest computed tomographic scans. High-confidence transcriptional target intersection analyses were conducted to resolve emphysema-induced transcriptional networks. Measurements and Main Results: Overall, 115 LFs from ever-smokers and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 1-2 and GOLD 3-4 patients were analyzed. No LFs were found in never-smokers. Differential gene expression analysis revealed significantly increased expression of LF assembly and B cell marker genes in subjects with severe emphysema. High-confidence transcriptional analysis revealed activation of an abnormal B cell activity signature in LFs (q-value = 2.56E-111). LFs from patients with GOLD 1-2 COPD with emphysema showed significantly increased expression of genes associated with antigen presentation, inflammation, and B cell activation and proliferation. LFs from patients with GOLD 1-2 COPD without emphysema showed an antiinflammatory profile. The extent of centrilobular emphysema was significantly associated with genes involved in B cell maturation and antibody production. Protein-RNA network analysis showed that LFs in emphysema have a unique signature skewed toward chronic B cell activation. Conclusions: An off-targeted B cell activation within LFs is associated with autoimmune-mediated emphysema pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A. Ochsner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Felicia New
- Spatial Data Analysis Services, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | - Prajan Divakar
- Spatial Data Analysis Services, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chen Xi Yang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jerid Robinson
- Field Application Scientists, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, and
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Camilla Margaroli
- Pathology – Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Raul San Jose Estepar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil J. McKenna
- Spatial Data Analysis Services, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
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Tanaka T, Umemura S, Miyoshi T, Nakai T, Noritake O, Suzuki J, Tane K, Samejima J, Aokage K, Mimaki S, Tsuchihara K, Taki T, Miyazaki S, Watanabe R, Sakashita S, Sakamoto N, Kojima M, Goto K, Ikeda N, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. The prognostic impact of a high number of peritumoral alveolar macrophages in neuroendocrine carcinoma in the lung. Pathol Int 2023; 73:497-508. [PMID: 37589431 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are resident macrophages in the lungs; however, whether the number of AMs plays a role in the lung neuroendocrine tumor (NET) prognosis remains unclear. We counted the number of AMs located around the tumor (peritumoral alveolar macrophages [pAMs]) and the number of AMs located apart from the tumor (distant macrophages; dAMs). In 73 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC: small cell lung carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma), the group that contained higher pAMs (≥86/μm2 ) revealed shorter recurrent-free survival (RFS) than those with lower pAMs (<86/μm2 ) (p = 0.005). Bivariate analysis showed that the number of pAMs was an independent predictor of a poor RFS. In contrast, in the carcinoid tumor cohort (n = 29), there was no statistically significant correlation between the two groups with high and low numbers of pAMs in RFS (p = 0.113). Furthermore, we examined the correlation between genomic alterations and the number of pAMs in NEC, but no significant correlation was observed. In conclusion, the number of pAMs is a prognostic factor for NEC in the lung and pAMs may contribute to tumor progression within the peritumoral microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeki Umemura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nakai
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Noritake
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Tane
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Joji Samejima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mimaki
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuya Tsuchihara
- Division of Translational Informatics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Taki
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saori Miyazaki
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Innovative Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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6
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Tu J, Min J, Song Y, Xu C, Li J, Moore J, Hanson J, Hu E, Parimon T, Wang TY, Davoodi E, Chou TF, Chen P, Hsu JJ, Rossiter HB, Gao W. A wireless patch for the monitoring of C-reactive protein in sweat. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1293-1306. [PMID: 37349389 PMCID: PMC10592261 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of protein biomarkers in blood at picomolar-level sensitivity requires labour-intensive incubation and washing steps. Sensing proteins in sweat, which would allow for point-of-care monitoring, is hindered by the typically large interpersonal and intrapersonal variations in its composition. Here we report the design and performance of a wearable and wireless patch for the real-time electrochemical detection of the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive (CRP) protein in sweat. The device integrates iontophoretic sweat extraction, microfluidic channels for sweat sampling and for reagent routing and replacement, and a graphene-based sensor array for quantifying CRP (via an electrode functionalized with anti-CRP capture antibodies-conjugated gold nanoparticles), ionic strength, pH and temperature for the real-time calibration of the CRP sensor. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with active or past infections or who had heart failure, the elevated concentrations of CRP measured via the patch correlated well with the protein's levels in serum. Wearable biosensors for the real-time sensitive analysis of inflammatory proteins in sweat may facilitate the management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaobing Tu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jihong Min
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jiahong Li
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Moore
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Justin Hanson
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin Hu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanyalak Parimon
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Allers K, Moos V, Hofmann J, Witkowski M, Haibel H, Angermair S, Schneider T. Cytolytic CD8 + T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2-related viruses is associated with severe manifestation of COVID-19. Clin Immunol 2023; 254:109712. [PMID: 37506745 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the CD8+ T cell functionality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we examined twenty-five hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate (MD) or severe disease (SD) as well as seventeen SARS-CoV-2-unexposed persons regarding the cytolytic and cytokine-producing reactivity of their CD8+ T cells. Reactive CD8+ T cells were detectable in 90% of the unexposed persons, confirming high cross-reactive immune memory in the general population. Compared to unexposed persons and MD patients, SD patients had higher numbers of SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD8+ T cells with cytolytic function that can simultaneously produce inflammatory cytokines. In addition, SD patients showed higher CD8+ T cell reactivity against non-SARS-CoV-2-related viruses, which was mainly mediated by cytolytic response. Sequence alignments showed that cross-reactivities with the Spike protein could contribute to the expansion of such cells. Since insufficiently regulated cytolytic CD8+ T cells can damage peripheral and vascular tissue structures, high levels of both SARS-CoV-2-reactive and heterologously activated cytolytic CD8+ T cells could favor severe disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Allers
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Verena Moos
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Hofmann
- Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Sylter Straße 2, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Witkowski
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hildrun Haibel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Angermair
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Barbosa-de-Oliveira MC, Oliveira-Melo P, Gonçalves da Silva MH, Santos da Silva F, Andrade Carvalho da Silva F, Silva de Araujo BV, Franco de Oliveira M, Tadeu Correia A, Miyoshi Sakamoto S, Valença SS, Lanzetti M, Schmidt M, Kennedy-Feitosa E. Modulation of Alveolar Macrophage Activity by Eugenol Attenuates Cigarette-Smoke-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1258. [PMID: 37371988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the role of eugenol (EUG) on CS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and how this compound is able to modulate macrophage activity. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 12 cigarettes/day/5days and treated 15 min/day/5days with EUG. Rat alveolar macrophages (RAMs) were exposed to CSE (5%) and treated with EUG. In vivo, EUG reduced morphological changes inflammatory cells, oxidative stress markers, while, in vitro, it induced balance in the oxidative stress and reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine release while increasing the anti-inflammatory one. These results suggest that eugenol reduced CS-induced ALI and acted as a modulator of macrophage activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Barbosa-de-Oliveira
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Paolo Oliveira-Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Torácica, Faculdade de Medicina HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Santos da Silva
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Andrade Carvalho da Silva
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Vinicios Silva de Araujo
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aristides Tadeu Correia
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Torácica, Faculdade de Medicina HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-220, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Miyoshi Sakamoto
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Valença
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Building 3211, Room 406, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute of Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel Kennedy-Feitosa
- Morphophysiopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
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9
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Rojas DA, Ponce CA, Bustos A, Cortés V, Olivares D, Vargas SL. Pneumocystis Exacerbates Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion in a Murine, Elastase-Induced-COPD Model. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040452. [PMID: 37108906 PMCID: PMC10142929 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and mucus hypersecretion are frequent pathology features of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. Selected bacteria, viruses and fungi may synergize as co-factors in aggravating disease by activating pathways that are able to induce airway pathology. Pneumocystis infection induces inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in immune competent and compromised humans and animals. This fungus is a frequent colonizer in patients with COPD. Therefore, it becomes essential to identify whether it has a role in aggravating COPD severity. This work used an elastase-induced COPD model to evaluate the role of Pneumocystis in the exacerbation of pathology, including COPD-like lung lesions, inflammation and mucus hypersecretion. Animals infected with Pneumocystis developed increased histology features of COPD, inflammatory cuffs around airways and lung vasculature plus mucus hypersecretion. Pneumocystis induced a synergic increment in levels of inflammation markers (Cxcl2, IL6, IL8 and IL10) and mucins (Muc5ac/Muc5b). Levels of STAT6-dependent transcription factors Gata3, FoxA3 and Spdef were also synergically increased in Pneumocystis infected animals and elastase-induced COPD, while the levels of the mucous cell-hyperplasia transcription factor FoxA2 were decreased compared to the other groups. Results document that Pneumocystis is a co-factor for disease severity in this elastase-induced-COPD model and highlight the relevance of STAT6 pathway in Pneumocystis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Rojas
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910132, Chile
| | - Carolina A Ponce
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Adriel Bustos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910132, Chile
| | - Vicente Cortés
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910132, Chile
| | - Daniela Olivares
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICB), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910132, Chile
| | - Sergio L Vargas
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
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10
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Nourian YH, Salimian J, Ahmadi A, Salehi Z, Karimi M, Emamvirdizadeh A, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Ghanei M. cAMP-PDE signaling in COPD: Review of cellular, molecular and clinical features. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101438. [PMID: 36865738 PMCID: PMC9971187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death among non-contagious diseases in the world. PDE inhibitors are among current medicines prescribed for COPD treatment of which, PDE-4 family is the predominant PDE isoform involved in hydrolyzing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that regulates the inflammatory responses in neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells The aim of this study is to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cAMP-PDE signaling, as an important pathway in the treatment management of patients with COPD. In this review, a comprehensive literature review was performed about the effect of PDEs in COPD. Generally, PDEs are overexpressed in COPD patients, resulting in cAMP inactivation and decreased cAMP hydrolysis from AMP. At normal amounts, cAMP is one of the essential agents in regulating metabolism and suppressing inflammatory responses. Low amount of cAMP lead to activation of downstream inflammatory signaling pathways. PDE4 and PDE7 mRNA transcript levels were not altered in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and CD8 lymphocytes originating from the peripheral venous blood of stable COPD subjects compared to healthy controls. Therefore, cAMP-PDE signaling pathway is one of the most important signaling pathways involved in COPD. By examining the effects of different drugs in this signaling pathway critical steps can be taken in the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Applied Virology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Emamvirdizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Bio Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Machida H, Inoue S, Igarashi A, Saitoh S, Yamauchi K, Nishiwaki M, Nemoto T, Otaki Y, Sato M, Sato K, Nakano H, Yang S, Furuyama K, Murano H, Ishibashi Y, Ota T, Nakayama T, Shibata Y, Watanabe M. Role of CC Chemokine Ligand 17 in Mouse Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:428-438. [PMID: 35081017 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0069oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung function deterioration is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously reported that CC chemokine ligand 17/thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17/TARC) could be a predictive factor of lung function decline in patients with COPD. However, the role of CCL17 in the pathogenesis of COPD is unclear. Here we examined the role of CCL17 in lung inflammation using mouse COPD models. Exposure to cigarette smoking induced CCL17 production in bronchial epithelial cells and accumulation of alveolar macrophages in the lungs. Intranasal administration of recombinant CCL17 further enhanced cigarette smoke-induced macrophage accumulation and also aggravated elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema. We confirmed that cigarette smoke extract as well as H2O2 upregulated CCL17 in BAES-2B cells. Of note, macrophages of both M1 and M2 surface markers were accumulated by cigarette smoke. Both alveolar macrophage accumulation via exposure to cigarette smoking and emphysematous changes induced by elastase administration were significantly reduced in CCL17-deficient mice. We further demonstrated that CCL17 strongly induced the expression of CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a chemoattractant for macrophages, in RAW264.7 cells, and its production was inhibited by knockdown of CCR4, the receptor of CCL17. Collectively, the present results demonstrate that CCL17 is produced by lung epithelial cells upon cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Furthermore, CCL17 is involved in CS-induced accumulation of alveolar macrophages and development of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema, possibly through CCL17-induced production of CCL2 by macrophages. Our findings may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Machida
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sumito Inoue
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Akira Igarashi
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saitoh
- Yamagata University, 13149, Department of Immunology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamauchi
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Michiko Nishiwaki
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takako Nemoto
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Otaki
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Masamichi Sato
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kento Sato
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sujeong Yang
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kodai Furuyama
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Murano
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yu Ishibashi
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takahito Ota
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Kindai University, 12872, Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Fukushima Medical University, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Yamagata University, 13149, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata, Japan
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12
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Mouse Adenovirus Type 1 Persistence Exacerbates Inflammation Induced by Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0170621. [PMID: 35045262 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01706-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients are at risk for substantial morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus infections, often in the setting of reactivation of persistent virus. Human adenovirus persistence in mucosal lymphocytes has been described, but specific cellular reservoirs of persistence and effects of persistence on host responses to unrelated stimuli are not completely understood. We used mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) to characterize persistence of an adenovirus in its natural host and test the hypothesis that persistence increases complications of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Following intranasal infection of C57BL/6J mice, MAV-1 DNA was detected in lung, mediastinal lymph nodes, and liver during acute infection at 7 days post infection (dpi), and at lower levels at 28 dpi that remained stable through 150 dpi. Expression of early and late viral transcripts was detected in those organs at 7 dpi but not at later time points. MAV-1 persistence was not affected by deficiency of IFN-γ. We detected no evidence of MAV-1 reactivation in vivo following allogeneic BMT of persistently infected mice. Persistent infection did not substantially affect mortality, weight loss, or pulmonary inflammation following BMT. However, T cell infiltration and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines consistent with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were more pronounced in livers of persistently infected BMT mice than in uninfected BMT mice. These results suggest that MAV-1 persists in multiple sites without detectable evidence of ongoing replication. Our results indicate that MAV-1 persistence alters host responses to an unrelated challenge, even in the absence of detectable reactivation. Importance Long-term persistence in an infected host is an essential step in the life cycle of DNA viruses. Adenoviruses persist in their host following acute infection, but the nature of adenovirus persistence remains incompletely understood. Following intranasal infection of mice, we found that MAV-1 persists for a prolonged period in multiple organs, although we did not detect evidence of ongoing replication. Because BMT recipients are at risk for substantial morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus infections, often in the setting of reactivation of persistent virus in the recipient, we extended our findings using MAV-1 infection in a mouse model of BMT. MAV-1 persistence exacerbated GVHD-like inflammation following allogeneic BMT, even in the absence of virus reactivation. This novel finding suggests that adenovirus persistence has consequences, and it highlights the potential for a persistent adenovirus to influence host responses to unrelated challenges.
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13
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Kotlyarov S. Involvement of the Innate Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:985. [PMID: 35055174 PMCID: PMC8778852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, socially significant disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation due to chronic inflammation in the bronchi. Although the causes of COPD are considered to be known, the pathogenesis of the disease continues to be a relevant topic of study. Mechanisms of the innate immune system are involved in various links in the pathogenesis of COPD, leading to persistence of chronic inflammation in the bronchi, their bacterial colonization and disruption of lung structure and function. Bronchial epithelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages and other cells are involved in the development and progression of the disease, demonstrating multiple compromised immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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14
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Brake SJ, Eapen MS, McAlinden KD, Markos J, Haug G, Larby J, Chia C, Hardikar A, Singhera GK, Hackett TL, Lu W, Sohal SS. SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Adhesion Site Protein Upregulation in Small Airways, Type 2 Pneumocytes, and Alveolar Macrophages of Smokers and COPD – Possible Implications for Interstitial Fibrosis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:101-115. [PMID: 35046647 PMCID: PMC8761078 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s329783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smokers and patients with COPD are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, leading to severe COVID-19. Methods This cross-sectional study involved resected lung tissues from 16 patients with GOLD stage I or II COPD; of which 8 were current smokers COPD (COPD-CS), and 8 ex-smokers COPD (COPD-ES), 7 normal lung function smokers (NLFS), 9 patients with small airways disease (SAD), and 10 were never-smoking normal controls (NC). Immunostaining for ACE2, Furin, and TMPRSS2 was performed and analysed for percent expression in small airway epithelium (SAE) and counts for positively and negatively stained type 2 pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages (AMs) were done using Image ProPlus V7.0. Furthermore, primary small airway epithelial cells (pSAEC) were analysed by immunofluorescence after exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Results ACE2, Furin, and TMPRSS2 expression significantly increased in SAE and type 2 pneumocytes in all the subjects (except Furin for NLFS) compared to NC (p < 0.001). Similar significance was observed for ACE2 positive AM (p < 0.002), except COPD-ES, which decreased in ACE2 positive AMs (p < 0.003). Total type 2 pneumocytes and AMs significantly increased in the pathological groups compared to NC (p < 0.01), except SAD (p = 0.08). However, AMs are significantly reduced in COPD-ES (p < 0.003). Significant changes were observed for tissue co-expression of Furin and TMPRSS2 with ACE2 in SAE, type 2 pneumocytes and AMs. These markers also negatively correlated with lung function parameters, such as FEV1/FVC % predicted, FEF25-75%, DLCO% predicted. A strong co-localisation and expression for ACE2 (p < 0.0001), Furin (p < 0.01), and TMPRSS2 (p < 0.0001) was observed in pSAEC treated with 1% CSE than controls. Discussion The increased expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin, in the SAE, type 2 pneumocytes and AMs of smokers and COPD are detrimental to lung function and proves that these patient groups could be more susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. Increased type 2 pneumocytes suggest that these patients are vulnerable to developing post-COVID-19 interstitial pulmonary fibrosis or fibrosis in general. There could be a silently developing interstitial pathology in smokers and patients with COPD. This is the first comprehensive study to report such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel James Brake
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
| | - Kielan Darcy McAlinden
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
| | - James Markos
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Greg Haug
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Josie Larby
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, 7250, Australia
| | - Ashutosh Hardikar
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Singhera
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, 7248, Australia
- Correspondence: Sukhwinder Singh Sohal Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag – 1322, Newnham Drive, Launceston, TAS, 7248, AustraliaTel +61 3 6324 5434 Email
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15
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Yuan Z, Herrmann J, Murthy S, Peters K, Gerard SE, Nia HT, Lutchen KR, Suki B. A Personalized Spring Network Representation of Emphysematous Lungs From CT Images. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:828157. [PMID: 36926064 PMCID: PMC10013051 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.828157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Emphysema is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible tissue destruction and airspace enlargement, which manifest as low attenuation area (LAA) on CT images. Previous studies have shown that inflammation, protease imbalance, extracellular matrix remodeling and mechanical forces collectively influence the progression of emphysema. Elastic spring network models incorporating force-based mechanical failure have been applied to investigate the pathogenesis and progression of emphysema. However, these models were general without considering the patient-specific information on lung structure available in CT images. The aim of this work was to develop a novel approach that provides an optimal spring network representation of emphysematous lungs based on the apparent density in CT images, allowing the construction of personalized networks. The proposed method takes into account the size and curvature of LAA clusters on the CT images that correspond to a pre-stressed condition of the lung as opposed to a naïve method that excludes the effects of pre-stress. The main findings of this study are that networks constructed by the new method 1) better preserve LAA cluster sizes and their distribution than the naïve method; and 2) predict different course of emphysema progression compared to the naïve method. We conclude that our new method has the potential to predict patient-specific emphysema progression which needs verification using clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob Herrmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samhita Murthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin Peters
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E Gerard
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Hadi T Nia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth R Lutchen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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D’Anna SE, Maniscalco M, Cappello F, Carone M, Motta A, Balbi B, Ricciardolo FLM, Caramori G, Di Stefano A. Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Med 2021; 53:135-150. [PMID: 32997525 PMCID: PMC7877965 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1831050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial-viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response may restore a balanced lung homeostasis, reducing the risk of lung function decline. KEY MESSAGE Bacteria and viruses can influence the responses of the innate and adaptive immune system in the lung of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The relationship between viruses and bacterial colonization, and the consequences of the imbalance of these components can modulate the inflammatory state of the COPD lung. The complex actions involving immune trigger cells, which activate innate and cell-mediated inflammatory responses, could be responsible for the clinical consequences of irreversible airflow limitation, lung remodelling and emphysema in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Telese, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica avanzata (BIND), Istituto di Anatomia Umana e Istologia Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- UOC Pulmonology and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università di Torino, AOU San Luigi Gonzaga, Torino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini morfologiche e funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
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17
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Belchamber KBR, Hughes MJ, Spittle DA, Walker EM, Sapey E. New Pharmacological Tools to Target Leukocyte Trafficking in Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704173. [PMID: 34367163 PMCID: PMC8334730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and inflammation of the lung results in the recruitment of non-resident immune cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. This swift response should ensure clearance of the threat and resolution of stimuli which drive inflammation. However, once the threat is subdued this influx of immune cells should be followed by clearance of recruited cells through apoptosis and subsequent efferocytosis, expectoration or retrograde migration back into the circulation. This cycle of cell recruitment, containment of threat and then clearance of immune cells and repair is held in exquisite balance to limit host damage. Advanced age is often associated with detrimental changes to the balance described above. Cellular functions are altered including a reduced ability to traffic accurately towards inflammation, a reduced ability to clear pathogens and sustained inflammation. These changes, seen with age, are heightened in lung disease, and most chronic and acute lung diseases are associated with an exaggerated influx of immune cells, such as neutrophils, to the airways as well as considerable inflammation. Indeed, across many lung diseases, pathogenesis and progression has been associated with the sustained presence of trafficking cells, with examples including chronic diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and acute infections such as Pneumonia and Pneumonitis. In these instances, there is evidence that dysfunctional and sustained recruitment of cells to the airways not only increases host damage but impairs the hosts ability to effectively respond to microbial invasion. Targeting leukocyte migration in these instances, to normalise cellular responses, has therapeutic promise. In this review we discuss the current evidence to support the trafficking cell as an immunotherapeutic target in lung disease, and which potential mechanisms or pathways have shown promise in early drug trials, with a focus on the neutrophil, as the quintessential trafficking immune cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B. R. Belchamber
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Hughes
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniella A. Spittle
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise M. Walker
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Qiu M, Yang Z, Bian M, Liu C, Zhao Y, Liu Q. Protective effects of isorhynchophylline against silicon-dioxide-induced lung injury in mice. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 48:1125-1134. [PMID: 32885685 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1814315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of silicon dioxide (SD) results in pulmonary inflammatory responses and fibrosis. Isorhynchophylline (Isorhy) is the main alkaloid in the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, which is reported to have anti-inflammatory activities in the nervous system. However, the effects of Isorhy on SD-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice are unknown. Male mice were exposed to a single dose of SD (2.5 mg/kg, intranasal inoculation) to induce pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The mice were woken up and immediately treated with Isorhy (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) for 14 or 42 days. The effects of Isorhy on inflammatory responses and lung fibrosis induced by SD were then investigated. After the 14-day treatment, there was a significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs of mice, with reduced recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs. The concentration of pro-inflammatory factors in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was reduced, which alleviated inflammatory injury in the lung tissue. After the 42-day treatment, Isorhy alleviated inflammation and inhibited the release of fibrogenic factors in mice with PF. Isorhy also significantly reduced collagen deposition in the lung tissues of mice. Isorhy has the ability to reduce inflammatory responses and fibrosis associated with SD-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Mengni Bian
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Quanli Liu
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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19
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Misiukiewicz-Stepien P, Paplinska-Goryca M. Biological effect of PM 10 on airway epithelium-focus on obstructive lung diseases. Clin Immunol 2021; 227:108754. [PMID: 33964432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a continuous increase in environmental pollution has been observed. Despite wide-scale efforts to reduce air pollutant emissions, the problem is still relevant. Exposure to elevated levels of airborne particles increased the incidence of respiratory diseases. PM10 constitute the largest fraction of air pollutants, containing particles with a diameter of less than 10 μm, metals, pollens, mineral dust and remnant material from anthropogenic activity. The natural airway defensive mechanisms against inhaled material, such as mucus layer, ciliary clearance and macrophage phagocytic activity, may be insufficient for proper respiratory function. The epithelium layer can be disrupted by ongoing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes induced by exposure to large amounts of inhaled particles as well as promote the development and exacerbation of obstructive lung diseases. This review draws attention to the current state of knowledge about the physical features of PM10 and its impact on airway epithelial cells, and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Misiukiewicz-Stepien
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Nutritional immunity: the impact of metals on lung immune cells and the airway microbiome during chronic respiratory disease. Respir Res 2021; 22:133. [PMID: 33926483 PMCID: PMC8082489 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional immunity is the sequestration of bioavailable trace metals such as iron, zinc and copper by the host to limit pathogenicity by invading microorganisms. As one of the most conserved activities of the innate immune system, limiting the availability of free trace metals by cells of the immune system serves not only to conceal these vital nutrients from invading bacteria but also operates to tightly regulate host immune cell responses and function. In the setting of chronic lung disease, the regulation of trace metals by the host is often disrupted, leading to the altered availability of these nutrients to commensal and invading opportunistic pathogenic microbes. Similarly, alterations in the uptake, secretion, turnover and redox activity of these vitally important metals has significant repercussions for immune cell function including the response to and resolution of infection. This review will discuss the intricate role of nutritional immunity in host immune cells of the lung and how changes in this fundamental process as a result of chronic lung disease may alter the airway microbiome, disease progression and the response to infection.
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21
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Wang Z, Liang W, Ma C, Wang J, Gao X, Wei L. Macrophages Inhibit Ciliary Protein Levels by Secreting BMP-2 Leading to Airway Epithelial Remodeling Under Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:663987. [PMID: 33981724 PMCID: PMC8107431 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.663987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. So far, smoking is still its leading cause. The characteristics of COPD are emphysema and airway remodeling, as well as chronic inflammation, which were predominated by macrophages. Some studies have reported that macrophages were involved in emphysema and chronic inflammation, but whether there is a link between airway remodeling and macrophages remains unclear. In this study, we found that both acute and chronic cigarette smoke exposure led to an increase of macrophages in the lung and a decrease of ciliated cells in the airway epithelium of a mouse model. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the ciliary protein (β-tubulin-IV) levels of BEAS-2B cells could be inhibited when co-cultured with human macrophage line THP-1, and the inhibitory effect was augmented with the stimulation of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Based on the results of transcriptome sequencing, we focused on the protein, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), secreted by the macrophage, which might mediate this inhibitory effect. Further studies confirmed that BMP-2 protein inhibited β-tubulin-IV protein levels of BEAS-2B cells under the stimulation of CSE. Coincidentally, this inhibitory effect could be nearly blocked by the BMP receptor inhibitor, LDN, or could be interfered with BMP-2 siRNA. This study suggests that activation and infiltration of macrophages in the lung induced by smoke exposure lead to a high expression of BMP-2, which in turn inhibits the ciliary protein levels of the bronchial epithelial cells, contributing to the remodeling of airway epithelium, and aggravates the development of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenzhang Liang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiachao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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22
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Singh R, Belchamber KBR, Fenwick PS, Chana K, Donaldson G, Wedzicha JA, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Defective monocyte-derived macrophage phagocytosis is associated with exacerbation frequency in COPD. Respir Res 2021; 22:113. [PMID: 33879129 PMCID: PMC8059282 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower airway bacterial colonisation (LABC) in COPD patients is associated with increased exacerbation frequency and faster lung function decline. Defective macrophage phagocytosis in COPD drives inflammation, but how defective macrophage function contributes to exacerbations is not clear. This study investigated the association between macrophage phagocytosis and exacerbation frequency, LABC and clinical parameters. METHODS Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were generated from 92 stable COPD patients, and at the onset of exacerbation in 39 patients. Macrophages were exposed to fluorescently labelled Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae for 4 h, then phagocytosis measured by fluorimetry and cytokine release by ELISA. Sputum bacterial colonisation was measured by PCR. RESULTS Phagocytosis of H. influenzae was negatively correlated with exacerbation frequency (r = 0.440, p < 0.01), and was significantly reduced in frequent vs. infrequent exacerbators (1.9 × 103 RFU vs. 2.5 × 103 RFU, p < 0.01). There was no correlation for S. pneumoniae. There was no association between phagocytosis of either bacteria with age, lung function, smoking history or treatment with inhaled corticosteroids, or long-acting bronchodilators. Phagocytosis was not altered during an exacerbation, or in the 2 weeks post-exacerbation. In response to phagocytosis, MDM from exacerbating patients showed increased release of CXCL-8 (p < 0.001) and TNFα (p < 0.01) compared to stable state. CONCLUSION Impaired COPD macrophage phagocytosis of H. influenzae, but not S. pneumoniae is associated with exacerbation frequency, resulting in pro-inflammatory macrophages that may contribute to disease progression. Targeting these frequent exacerbators with drugs that improve macrophage phagocytosis may prove beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K B R Belchamber
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P S Fenwick
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - K Chana
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G Donaldson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J A Wedzicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L E Donnelly
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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23
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Bumiller-Bini V, de Freitas Oliveira-Toré C, Carvalho TM, Kretzschmar GC, Gonçalves LB, Alencar NDM, Gasparetto MA, Beltrame MH, Winter Boldt AB. MASPs at the crossroad between the complement and the coagulation cascades - the case for COVID-19. Genet Mol Biol 2021; 44:e20200199. [PMID: 33729332 PMCID: PMC7982787 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2020-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Components of the complement system and atypical parameters of coagulation were reported in COVID-19 patients, as well as the exacerbation of the inflammation and coagulation activity. Mannose binding lectin (MBL)- associated serine proteases (MASPs) play an important role in viral recognition and subsequent activation of the lectin pathway of the complement system and blood coagulation, connecting both processes. Genetic variants of MASP1 and MASP2 genes are further associated with different levels and functional efficiency of their encoded proteins, modulating susceptibility and severity to diseases. Our review highlights the possible role of MASPs in SARS-COV-2 binding and activation of the lectin pathway and blood coagulation cascades, as well as their associations with comorbidities of COVID-19. MASP-1 and/or MASP-2 present an increased expression in patients with COVID-19 risk factors: diabetes, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Based also on the positive results of COVID-19 patients with anti-MASP-2 antibody, we propose the use of MASPs as a possible biomarker of the progression of COVID-19 and the investigation of new treatment strategies taking into consideration the dual role of MASPs, including MASP inhibitors as promising therapeutic targets against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Bumiller-Bini
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila de Freitas Oliveira-Toré
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna e Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tamyres Mingorance Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Citogenética Humana e Oncogenética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Canalli Kretzschmar
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Letícia Boslooper Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Imunogenética e Histocompatibilidade (LIGH), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nina de Moura Alencar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto Carlos Chagas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angelo Gasparetto
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcia Holsbach Beltrame
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Genética Molecular Humana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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24
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Wang X, Huang L, Jiang S, Cheng K, Wang D, Luo Q, Wu X, Zhu L. Testosterone attenuates pulmonary epithelial inflammation in male rats of COPD model through preventing NRF1-derived NF-κB signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:128-140. [PMID: 33475136 PMCID: PMC8104951 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone deficiency is common in male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may correlate with the deterioration of COPD. Clinical research suggests that testosterone replacement therapy may slow the COPD progression, but the specific biological pathway remains unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of testosterone on pulmonary inflammation in male COPD rats. The animals were co-treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette to induce COPD. In COPD rats, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and NF-κB p65 were upregulated. In cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-, LPS-, or the combination of CSE and LPS-treated L132 cells, NRF1 and p65 were also upregulated. Silencing NRF1 resulted in the downregulation of p65. ChIP‒seq, ChIP‒qPCR, and luciferase results showed that NRF1 transcriptionally regulated p65. Both male and female COPD rats showed an upregulated NRF1 level and similar pulmonary morphology. But NRF1 was further upregulated in male castrated rats. Further supplementing testosterone in castrated male rats significantly reduced NRF1, pulmonary lesions, and inflammation. Supplementation of testosterone also reduced the phosphorylation of p65 and IKKβ induced by LPS or CSE in L132 cells. Our results suggest that testosterone plays a protective role in pulmonary epithelial inflammation of COPD through inhibition of NRF1-derived NF-κB signaling and the phosphorylation of p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Linlin Huang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Qianqian Luo
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaomei Wu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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25
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Polverino F, Kheradmand F. COVID-19, COPD, and AECOPD: Immunological, Epidemiological, and Clinical Aspects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:627278. [PMID: 33537336 PMCID: PMC7847987 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.627278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes several heterogeneous clinical conditions collectively known as Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Older patients with significant cardiovascular conditions and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are predisposed to a more severe disease complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. COPD is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, and viruses are among the top causes of acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Thus, COVID-19 could represent the ultimate cause of AECOPD. This review will examine the pathobiological processes underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection, including the effects of cigarette smoke and COPD on the immune system and vascular endothelium, and the known effects of cigarette smoke on the onset and progression of COVID-19. We will also review the epidemiological data on COVID-19 prevalence and outcome in patients with COPD and analyze the pathobiological and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of other known viral causes of AECOPD. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 shares common pathobiological and clinical features with other viral agents responsible for increased morbidity, thus representing a novel cause of AECOPD with the potential for a more long-term adverse impact. Longitudinal studies aimed at COPD patients surviving COVID-19 are needed to identify therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV2 and prevent the disease's burden in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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26
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Ritchie AI, Wedzicha JA. Definition, Causes, Pathogenesis, and Consequences of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations. Clin Chest Med 2020; 41:421-438. [PMID: 32800196 PMCID: PMC7423341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Ritchie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6JY, United Kingdom
| | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Guy Scadding Building, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6JY, United Kingdom.
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27
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Olloquequi J. COVID-19 Susceptibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13382. [PMID: 32780415 PMCID: PMC7435530 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In barely nine months, the pandemic known as COVID-19 has spread over 200 countries, affecting more than 22 million people and causing over than 786 000 deaths. Elderly people and patients with previous comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes are at an increased risk to suffer a poor prognosis after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although the same could be expected from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), current epidemiological data are conflicting. This could lead to a reduction of precautionary measures in these patients, in the context of a particularly complex global health crisis. Most COPD patients have a long history of smoking or exposure to other harmful particles or gases, capable of impairing pulmonary defences even years after the absence of exposure. Moreover, COPD is characterized by an ongoing immune dysfunction, which affects both pulmonary and systemic cellular and molecular inflammatory mediators. Consequently, increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections have been reported in COPD, often worsened by bacterial co-infections and leading to serious clinical outcomes. The present paper is an up-to-date review that discusses the available research regarding the implications of coronavirus infection in COPD. Although validation in large studies is still needed, COPD likely increases SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and increases COVID-19 severity. Hence, specific mechanisms to monitor and assess COPD patients should be addressed in the current pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Olloquequi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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28
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Sohrabi F, Dianat M, Badavi M, Radan M, Mard SA. Does gallic acid improve cardiac function by attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation in an elastase-induced lung injury? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1130-1138. [PMID: 32963734 PMCID: PMC7491503 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.46427.10721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Cardiovascular disease has an important role in mortality caused by lung injury. Emphysema is associated with impaired pulmonary gas exchange efficiency and airflow limitation associated with small airway inflammation. The aim was to evaluate the interactions between lung injury, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Since gallic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, we hypothesized that gallic acid protects the lung and the related heart dysfunction in elastase-induced lung injury. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into six groups: Control, Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) , PPE+GA, and 3 groups for different doses of gallic acid (GA 7.5, GA 15, GA 30 mg/kg). PPE was injected intra-tracheally on days 1 and 10 of the test. In each group, electrocardiography, hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined. Results: PPE administration showed a decrease in HR and QRS voltage of electrocardiogram parameters, as well as in hemodynamic parameters (P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P<0.05). Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) (P<0.001), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (P<0.001), interleukin 6 (MDA) (P<0.001), and the total number of white blood cells (P<0.001) showed an increase in PPE groups. Gallic acid preserved the values of hemodynamic properties, oxidative stress, inflammation, and electrocardiogram parameters in comparison to the PPE group. Conclusion: Briefly, this study showed the valuable effect of gallic acid in cardiac dysfunction related to elastase-induced lung injury. These findings suggested that gallic acid, as a natural antioxidant, has a potential therapeutic effect on preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and subsequent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Sohrabi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Radan
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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29
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Koesoemoprodjo W, Maranatha D. Level of serum IL-33 and emphysema paraseptal in clove cigarette smoker with spontaneous pneumothorax: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 30:101133. [PMID: 32577372 PMCID: PMC7300223 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A young male clove cigarette smoker experienced spontaneous pneumothorax and later paraseptal emphysema was detected on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan without respiratory symptoms. Smoking is a known risk factor for emphysema. Paraseptal emphysema is a type of emphysema that rarely causes respiratory symptoms, nevertheless, usually accompanied by spontaneous pneumothorax. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) is an alarmin cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. The effects of IL-33 depend on its structure. In its mature form, it is a cytokine alarmin that binds to ST2 (suppression of tumorigenicity) receptors on the surface of macrophages and innate immune cells to drive Th1/Th2 immune responses, causing oxidative stress, and increased IL-33 production causes polarization of alveolar macrophages to an M2 phenotype. In this study, long-term exposure to clove cigarette smoke caused an increased serum level of IL-33 (43.72 pg/mL) and paucigranulocytic airway inflammation. In paucigranulocytic inflammation, IL-33 is involved in lung parenchymal damage presumably through oxidative stress, activation of alveolar macrophage and increased MMP12 secretion, resulting in alveolar destruction and airspace enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Maranatha
- Corresponding author. Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Dr.Soetomo General Hospital Jl. Prof.Dr.Moestopo 6-8 Surabaya, 60182, Indonesia.
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30
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Mustra Rakic J, Wang XD. Role of lycopene in smoke-promoted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung carcinogenesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108439. [PMID: 32504553 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoking being the single most important risk factor for both. Emerging evidence indicates alterations in reverse cholesterol transport-mediated removal of excess cholesterol from lung, and intracellular cholesterol overload to be involved in smoke-promoted COPD and lung cancer development. Since there are currently few effective treatments for COPD and lung cancer, it is important to identify food-derived, biologically active compounds, which can protect against COPD and lung cancer development. High intake of the carotenoid lycopene, as one of phytochemicals, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic lung lesions. This review article summarizes and discusses epidemiologic evidence, in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the prevention of smoke-promoted COPD and lung carcinogenesis through dietary lycopene as an effective intervention strategy. We focus on the recent research implying that lycopene preventive effect is through targeting the main genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport. This review also indicates gaps in knowledge about the function of lycopene against COPD and lung cancer, offering directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Mustra Rakic
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition Program, Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA) at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Biochemical and Molecular Nutrition Program, Friedman School of Nutrition and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Zhao K, Dong R, Yu Y, Tu C, Li Y, Cui Y, Bao L, Ling C. Cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in COPD mediated via CCR1/JAK/STAT /NF-κB pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9125-9138. [PMID: 32463796 PMCID: PMC7288948 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its acute exacerbation. However, the critical role of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)1 in progression of cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation remains unclear. We studied CCR1 expression using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in COPD patients and controls. Cytokine levels in peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vitro, we investigated Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in cigarette smoke extract-induced or CCR1 deficiency/overexpressed mouse macrophage cell line MH-S by RT-PCR and western blot, and measured the cytokine levels in the supernatant with ELISA. We found that CCR1 expression was upregulated in COPD patients and there was a negative correlation between CCR1 mRNA levels and predicted % forced expiratory volume in 1 min. Inflammatory cytokine levels in the peripheral blood were higher in COPD patients than controls, and these were positively correlated with CCR1 levels. CCR1 was shown to play a critical role in regulating smoke-induced inflammation via JAK/STAT3/NF-κB signaling in vitro. CCR1 may play a critical role in airway inflammation in COPD. Additionally, understanding the molecular mechanism may help develop novel methods for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaishun Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ran Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Chunlin Tu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - YuJuan Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Chunhua Ling
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215000, China
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Zinellu A, Zinellu E, Sotgiu E, Fois AG, Paliogiannis P, Scano V, Piras B, Sotgia S, Mangoni AA, Carru C, Pirina P. Systemic transsulfuration pathway thiol concentrations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13267. [PMID: 32378181 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is amply reported that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent evidence suggests that COPD patients have elevated concentrations of plasma homocysteine (Hcy), a transsulfuration pathway analyte that is commonly regarded as a CVD risk factor. DESIGN We comprehensively investigated the plasma concentrations of transsulfuration pathway analytes, and their relationship with markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, to identify which low molecular thiols might play a pathophysiological role both in CVD and in COPD. Hcy, cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), cysteinylglycine (CysGly), glutamylcysteine (GluCys), taurine (Tau), oxidative stress markers (TBARS and protein-SH, PSH) and the inflammation marker kynurenine/tryptophan (Kyn/Trp) ratio were measured in 54 COPD patients and 54 control subjects. RESULTS We found increased concentrations of total Hcy (P < .01) and total CysGly (P < .05) in COPD patients when compared to controls. Total Hcy and CysGly were also significantly associated with abnormal lung function parameters and COPD severity. In COPD patients, total Hcy was significantly associated with the Kyn/Trp ratio (P = .0017) whereas total CysGly was significantly associated with both PSH (P = .0298) and the Kyn/Trp ratio (P = <.0001). CONCLUSION Both total Hcy and CysGly concentrations were significantly associated with the presence and severity of COPD and with markers of oxidative stress (total CysGly) and inflammation (total Hcy and CysGly). This suggests that specific low molecular mass thiols might play a role in the inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways involved in both CVD and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Zinellu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro G Fois
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Scano
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Barbara Piras
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sotgia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), Sassari, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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COPD: To Be or Not to Be, That is the Question. Am J Med 2019; 132:1271-1278. [PMID: 31152719 PMCID: PMC8359778 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As our knowledge on the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) progresses, a conceptual model simply based on an accelerated decline of lung function in adult life in response to smoking has become inadequate to capture the complexity of this disease, and increasing attention is being given to possible contributions from events or alterations of developmental processes that take place earlier in life. In addition, a remarkable heterogeneity has emerged among the pathobiological mechanisms that are involved in different phenotypes of COPD, suggesting that an effective disease management will require individualized treatment approaches largely based on the underlying biological mechanisms (endotypes). In this review, we will discuss the many faces of COPD from an epidemiological, pathobiological, and clinical standpoint and argue that airflow limitation encompasses a number of manifestations that are too diverse to be still clustered under the same diagnostic label.
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Belchamber KBR, Singh R, Batista CM, Whyte MK, Dockrell DH, Kilty I, Robinson MJ, Wedzicha JA, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Defective bacterial phagocytosis is associated with dysfunctional mitochondria in COPD macrophages. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.02244-2018. [PMID: 31320451 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02244-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study examined the effect of exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress on macrophage phagocytosis in patients with COPD.Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were generated from non-smoker, smoker and COPD subjects, differentiated in either granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (G-Mφ) or macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-Mφ). Alveolar macrophages were isolated from lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Macrophages were incubated in ±200 µM H2O2 for 24 h, then exposed to fluorescently labelled Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae for 4 h, after which phagocytosis, mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured.Phagocytosis of bacteria was significantly decreased in both G-Mφ and M-Mφ from COPD patients compared with from non-smoker controls. In non-smokers and smokers, bacterial phagocytosis did not alter mROS or ΔΨm; however, in COPD, phagocytosis increased early mROS and decreased ΔΨm in both G-Mφ and M-Mφ. Exogenous oxidative stress reduced phagocytosis in non-smoker and COPD alveolar macrophages and non-smoker MDMs, associated with reduced mROS production.COPD macrophages show defective phagocytosis, which is associated with altered mitochondrial function and an inability to regulate mROS production. Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may restore the phagocytic defect in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B R Belchamber
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richa Singh
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Craig M Batista
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Moira K Whyte
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Dockrell
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Iain Kilty
- Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jadwiga A Wedzicha
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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García-Valero J, Olloquequi J, Montes JF, Rodríguez E, Martín-Satué M, Texidó L, Ferrer Sancho J. Deficient pulmonary IFN-β expression in COPD patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217803. [PMID: 31170225 PMCID: PMC6553750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD patients are prone to acute infectious exacerbations that impair their quality of life and hamper prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in situ IFN-β response in the lungs of stable COPD and non-COPD patients. Lung samples from 70 subjects (9 control never smokers, 19 control smokers without COPD, 21 patients with moderate COPD and 21 patients with very severe COPD) were studied for the expression of IFN-β, its main transcription factor, IRF-7, and two products of its autocrine function, namely RIG-I and MDA-5, by immunohistochemical techniques and quantitative real-time PCR. IFN-β, IRF-7, RIG-I and MDA-5 were widely detected in most lung cell types. In epithelial tissues and alveolar macrophages, IFN-β and IRF-7 labeling scores were decreased up to 65% and 74%, respectively, for COPD patients, paralleling an analogous reduction (43% and 65%, respectively) in the amount of their lung mRNA. Moreover, this decreased production of IFN-β in COPD patients correlated with a similar decrease in the expression of RIG-I and MDA-5, two essential members of the innate immune system. Our study indicates that most lung cells from stable COPD patients show a constitutive decreased expression of IFN-β, IRF-7, RIG-I and MDA-5, suggesting that this deficiency is the main cause of their acute viral exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Valero
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Juan F. Montes
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez
- Department of Pneumology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Martín-Satué
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Texidó
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Ferrer Sancho
- Department of Pneumology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
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Rhinovirus-induces progression of lung disease in a mouse model of COPD via IL-33/ST2 signaling axis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:983-996. [PMID: 30952808 DOI: 10.1042/cs20181088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV), which is associated with acute exacerbations, also causes persistent lung inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the underlying mechanisms are not well-known. Recently, we demonstrated that RV causes persistent lung inflammation with accumulation of a subset of macrophages (CD11b+/CD11c+), and CD8+ T cells, and progression of emphysema. In the present study, we examined the mechanisms underlying the RV-induced persistent inflammation and progression of emphysema in mice with COPD phenotype. Our results demonstrate that at 14 days post-RV infection, in addition to sustained increase in CCL3, CXCL-10 and IFN-γ expression as previously observed, levels of interleukin-33 (IL-33), a ligand for ST2 receptor, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)12 are also elevated in mice with COPD phenotype, but not in normal mice. Further, MMP12 was primarily expressed in CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages. Neutralization of ST2, reduced the expression of CXCL-10 and IFN-γ and attenuated accumulation of CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages, neutrophils and CD8+ T cells in COPD mice. Neutralization of IFN-γ, or ST2 attenuated MMP12 expression and prevented progression of emphysema in these mice. Taken together, our results indicate that RV may stimulate expression of CXCL-10 and IFN-γ via activation of ST2/IL-33 signaling axis, which in turn promote accumulation of CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, RV-induced IFN-γ stimulates MMP12 expression particularly in CD11b+/CD11c+ macrophages, which may degrade alveolar walls thus leading to progression of emphysema in these mice. In conclusion, our data suggest an important role for ST2/IL-33 signaling axis in RV-induced pathological changes in COPD mice.
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Ren X, Wu J, Levin D, Santos S, de Faria RL, Zhang M, Lin F. Sputum from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients inhibits T cell migration in a microfluidic device. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1445:52-61. [PMID: 30891781 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease characterized by narrowed airways, resulting in serious breathing difficulty. Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammatory infiltration of leukocytes in the airway is associated with the pathogenesis of COPD. In the present study, we employed a microfluidic approach to assess the effect of COPD sputum on activated human peripheral blood T cell migration and chemotaxis under well-controlled gradient conditions. Our results showed considerable basal migration of T cells derived from peripheral blood of COPD patients and healthy controls in the medium control groups. By contrast, the migration of T cells from COPD patients and healthy controls was significantly inhibited in the presence of a gradient of sputum supernatant from COPD patients. Furthermore, chemotaxis of T cells from COPD patients or healthy subjects toward an SDF-1α gradient was clearly inhibited by sputum samples from the COPD patients. The inhibition effect revealed by the microfluidic cell migration experiments provides new information about the complex involvement of T cell trafficking in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoou Ren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Susy Santos
- The Victoria Institute of Clinical Research & Evaluation, Victoria General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ricardo Lobato de Faria
- Department of Emergency and Wellness Institute, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Wellness Institute, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Linden D, Guo-Parke H, Coyle PV, Fairley D, McAuley DF, Taggart CC, Kidney J. Respiratory viral infection: a potential "missing link" in the pathogenesis of COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/151/180063. [PMID: 30872396 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0063-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the third most common cause of global mortality. Acute exacerbations of COPD frequently necessitate hospital admission to enable more intensive therapy, incurring significant healthcare costs. COPD exacerbations are also associated with accelerated lung function decline and increased risk of mortality. Until recently, bacterial pathogens were believed to be responsible for the majority of disease exacerbations. However, with the advent of culture-independent molecular diagnostic techniques it is now estimated that viruses are detected during half of all COPD exacerbations and are associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Human rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza are the most commonly detected viruses during exacerbation. The role of persistent viral infection (adenovirus) has also been postulated as a potential pathogenic mechanism in COPD. Viral pathogens may play an important role in driving COPD progression by acting as triggers for exacerbation and subsequent lung function decline whilst the role of chronic viral infection remains a plausible hypothesis that requires further evaluation. There are currently no effective antiviral strategies for patients with COPD. Herein, we focus on the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of respiratory viral infection in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dermot Linden
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group (AiiR), Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Hong Guo-Parke
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group (AiiR), Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Peter V Coyle
- The Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Derek Fairley
- The Regional Virus Laboratory, Belfast Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Danny F McAuley
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group (AiiR), Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Clifford C Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research Group (AiiR), Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joe Kidney
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Mater Hospital Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Janssen R, Piscaer I, Franssen FME, Wouters EFM. Emphysema: looking beyond alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Expert Rev Respir Med 2019; 13:381-397. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2019.1580575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rob Janssen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ianthe Piscaer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frits M. E. Franssen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CIRO, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel F. M. Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CIRO, Center of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn, The Netherlands
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Inhalation beta-2-agonists in cardiorespiratory pathology: pro-or anti-inflammatory effects? КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2018. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract9465-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the increase in comorbid pathology, including patients with bronchoobstructive and cardiovascular diseases remains an urgent problem. Therefore, there is a need not only for new approaches in the tactics of management and treatment of patients with combined cardiorespiratory pathology, but also a more complete understanding of the impact of existing bronchodilator therapy on comorbid pathology and the pathophysiological changes taking place in order to create a new approach to the diagnosis and selection of effective and optimal treatment. The article provides a review of the literature on the impact of beta-2-agonists on pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in patients with bronchial obstruction, including cardiovascular disease.
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Longitudinal airway remodeling in active and past smokers in a lung cancer screening population. Eur Radiol 2018; 29:2968-2980. [PMID: 30552475 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5890-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To longitudinally investigate smoking cessation-related changes of quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based airway metrics in a group of heavy smokers. METHODS CT scans were acquired in a lung cancer screening population over 4 years at 12-month intervals in 284 long-term ex-smokers (ES), 405 continuously active smokers (CS), and 31 subjects who quitted smoking within 2 years after baseline CT (recent quitters, RQ). Total diameter (TD), lumen area (LA), and wall percentage (WP) of 1st-8th generation airways were computed using airway analysis software. Inter-group comparison was performed using Mann-Whitney U test or Student's t test (two groups), and ANOVA or ANOVA on ranks with Dunn's multiple comparison test (more than two groups), while Fisher's exact test or chi-squared test was used for categorical data. Multiple linear regression was used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS At any time, TD and LA were significantly higher in ES than CS, for example, in 5th-8th generation airways at baseline with 6.24 mm vs. 5.93 mm (p < 0.001) and 15.23 mm2 vs. 13.51 mm2 (p < 0.001), respectively. RQ showed higher TD (6.15 mm vs. 5.93 mm, n.s.) and significantly higher LA (14.77 mm2 vs. 13.51 mm2, p < 0.001) than CS after 3 years, and after 4 years. In multivariate analyses, smoking status independently predicted TD, LA, and WP at baseline, at 3 years and 4 years (p < 0.01-0.001), with stronger impact than pack years. CONCLUSIONS Bronchial dimensions depend on the smoking status. Smoking-induced airway remodeling can be partially reversible after smoking cessation even in long-term heavy smokers. Therefore, QCT-based airway metrics in clinical trials should consider the current smoking status besides pack years. KEY POINTS • Airway lumen and diameter are decreased in active smokers compared to ex-smokers, and there is a trend towards increased airway wall thickness in active smokers. • Smoking-related airway changes improve within 2 years after smoking cessation. • Smoking status is an independent predictor of airway dimensions.
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Chand HS, Vazquez-Guillamet R, Royer C, Rudolph K, Mishra N, Singh SP, Hussain SS, Barrett E, Callen S, Byrareddy SN, Guillamet MCV, Abukhalaf J, Sheybani A, Exil V, Raizada V, Agarwal H, Nair M, Villinger F, Buch S, Sopori M. Cigarette smoke and HIV synergistically affect lung pathology in cynomolgus macaques. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5428-5433. [PMID: 30277472 DOI: 10.1172/jci121935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis (CB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), particularly smokers. Although smoking is highly prevalent among PLWH, HIV may be an independent risk factor for lung diseases; however, the role of HIV and cigarette smoke (CS) and their potential interaction in the development of chronic lung diseases among PLWH has not been delineated. To investigate this interaction, cynomolgus macaques were exposed to CS and/or simian-adapted human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) and treated with cART. The development of CB and the lung functions were evaluated following CS±SHIV treatment. The results showed that in the lung, SHIV was a strong independent risk factor for goblet cell metaplasia/hyperplasia and mucus formation, MUC5AC synthesis, loss of tight junction proteins, and increased expression of Th2 cytokines/transcription factors. In addition, SHIV and CS synergistically reduced lung function and increased extrathoracic tracheal ring thickness. Interestingly, SHIV infection generated significant numbers of HIV-gp120+ epithelial cells (HGECs) in small airways and alveoli, and their numbers doubled in CS+SHIV-infected lungs. We conclude that even with cART, SHIV independently induces CB and pro-COPD changes in the lung, and the effects are exacerbated by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitendra S Chand
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Christopher Royer
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Karin Rudolph
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Neerad Mishra
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Shashi P Singh
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Shah S Hussain
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Edward Barrett
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Shannon Callen
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Jawad Abukhalaf
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Aryaz Sheybani
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Vernat Exil
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Veena Raizada
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Hemant Agarwal
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mohan Sopori
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Targeting Cytokines as Evolving Treatment Strategies in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113402. [PMID: 30380761 PMCID: PMC6275012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are key players in the initiation and propagation of inflammation in chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and allergic asthma. This makes them attractive targets for specific novel anti-inflammatory treatment strategies. Recently, both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6 have been associated with negative health outcomes, mortality and a pro-inflammatory phenotype in COPD. IL-6 in COPD was shown to correlate negatively with lung function, and IL-1beta was induced by cigarette smoke in the bronchial epithelium, causing airway inflammation. Furthermore, IL-8 has been shown to be a pro-inflammatory marker in bronchiectasis, COPD and allergic asthma. Clinical trials using specific cytokine blockade therapies are currently emerging and have contributed to reduce exacerbations and steroid use in COPD. Here, we present a review of the current understanding of the roles of cytokines in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Furthermore, outcomes of clinical trials in cytokine blockade as novel treatment strategies for selected patient populations with those diseases will be discussed.
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Jankauskaitė L, Misevičienė V, Vaidelienė L, Kėvalas R. Lower Airway Virology in Health and Disease-From Invaders to Symbionts. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2018; 54:E72. [PMID: 30344303 PMCID: PMC6262431 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of human airway virome are relatively recent and still very limited. Culture-independent microbial techniques showed growing evidence of numerous viral communities in the respiratory microbial ecosystem. The significance of different acute respiratory viruses is already known in the pathogenesis of chronic conditions, such as asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), or chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and their exacerbations. Viral pathogens, such as influenza, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, or rhinovirus, have been associated with impaired immune response, acute exacerbations, and decrease in lung function in chronic lung diseases. However, more data have attributed a role to Herpes family viruses or the newly identified Anelloviridae family of viruses in chronic diseases, such as asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), or CF. Impaired antiviral immunity, bacterial colonization, or used medication, such as glucocorticoids or antibiotics, contribute to the imbalance of airway microbiome and may shape the local viral ecosystem. A specific part of virome, bacteriophages, frames lung microbial communities through direct contact with its host, the specific bacteria known as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or their biofilm formation. Moreover, antibiotic resistance is induced through phages via horizontal transfer and leads to more severe exacerbations of chronic airway conditions. Morbidity and mortality of asthma, COPD, CF, and IPF remains high, despite an increased understanding and knowledge about the impact of respiratory virome in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Thus, more studies focus on new prophylactic methods or therapeutic agents directed toward viral⁻host interaction, microbial metabolic function, or lung microbial composition rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jankauskaitė
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Valdonė Misevičienė
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Laimutė Vaidelienė
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Rimantas Kėvalas
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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45
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Acute Lung Injury in Response to Intratracheal Instillation of Lipopolysaccharide in an Animal Model of Emphysema Induced by Elastase. Inflammation 2018; 41:174-182. [PMID: 28975419 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The response of lungs with emphysema to an acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. This study compared the lung response to intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats with and without emphysema. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized to four groups: control group (C-G), ALI group (ALI-G), emphysema group (E-G), emphysema and ALI group (E-ALI-G). Euthanasia and the following analysis were performed 24 h after ALI induction: lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, and blood gas measures. The histological analysis showed that animals of ALI-G (0.55 ± 0.15) and E-ALI-G (0.69 ± 0.08) had a higher ALI score compared to C-G (0.12 ± 0.04) and E-G (0.16 ± 0.04) (p < 0.05). The analysis of each component of the score demonstrated that ALI-G and E-ALI-G had greater alveolar and interstitial neutrophil infiltration, as well as greater amount of alveolar proteinaceous debris. Comparing the two groups that received LPS, there was a trend of higher ALI in the E-ALI-G, specially due to a higher neutrophil infiltration in the alveolar spaces and a higher septal thickening. Total cell count (E-G = 3.09 ± 0.83; ALI-G = 4.45 ± 1.9; E-ALI-G = 5.9 ± 2.1; C-G = 0.73 ± 0.37 × 105) and neutrophil count (E-G = 0.69 ± 0.35; ALI-G = 2.53 ± 1.09; E-ALI-G = 3.86 ± 1.4; C-G = 0.09 ± 0.07 × 105) in the BAL were higher in the groups E-G, ALI-G, and E-ALI-G when compared to C-G (p < 0.05). The IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL2 mRNA expressions were higher in the animals that received LPS (ALI-G and E-ALI-G) compared to the C-G and E-G (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the BAL cellularity and in the expression of inflammatory mediators between the ALI-G and the E-ALI-G. The severity of ALI in response to intratracheal instillation of LPS did not show difference in rats with and without intratracheal-induced emphysema.
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46
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Yu WC, Cong JP, Mi LY. Expressions of TOLL-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)/Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in pulmonary blood vessels with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and their relationships with pulmonary vascular remodelling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 64:361-367. [PMID: 30133616 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.04.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims at investigating the expressions of TOLL-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)/ tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) in pulmonary blood vessels with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their relationships with pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR). METHODS 60 para-tumour tissues were divided into the COPD group and the control group (n=30); the inflammations, pulmonary artery wall area/total artery area (WA%), and wall thickness/vascular outer diameter (WT%) were compared. The expressions of TLR-4, MMP-9/TIMP-1, and PCNA in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells were detected, and their relationships with PVR were then analysed. RESULTS The inflammations (1.6±0.8), WA% (44.0±6.4), and WT% (27.3±3.3) in the COPD group were higher than in the control group (0.3±0.5, 26.1±2.8, 15.6±1.8), and the expressions of TLR-4 (31.4±147) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 (2.2±2.6) were increased compared to the control group (4.7±4.5, 1.9±12). Correlation analysis: TLR-4 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 were positively correlated with the inflammations (r=0.18, P<0.01), WA% (r=0.68, P<0.01), and WT% (r=0.73, P<0.01), as well as positively correlated with the expression of PCNA (r=0.44, P<0.01); the upregulation of TLR-4 was positively correlated with the expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation of TLR-4 in the pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells of COPD patients could promote the inflammations and the MMP-9 expression, thus causing abnormal degradation of extracellular matrix, so it played an important role in the process of PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jin-Peng Cong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Li-Yun Mi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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47
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Cornwell WD, Kim V, Fan X, Vega ME, Ramsey FV, Criner GJ, Rogers TJ. Activation and polarization of circulating monocytes in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:101. [PMID: 29907106 PMCID: PMC6003040 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of circulating monocytes to develop into lung macrophages and promote lung tissue damage depends upon their phenotypic pattern of differentiation and activation. Whether this phenotypic pattern varies with COPD severity is unknown. Here we characterize the activation and differentiation status of circulating monocytes in patients with moderate vs. severe COPD. Methods Blood monocytes were isolated from normal non-smokers (14), current smokers (13), patients with moderate (9), and severe COPD (11). These cells were subjected to analysis by flow cytometry to characterize the expression of activation markers, chemoattractant receptors, and surface markers characteristic of either M1- or M2-type macrophages. Results Patients with severe COPD had increased numbers of total circulating monocytes and non-classical patrolling monocytes, compared to normal subjects and patients with moderate COPD. In addition, while the percentage of circulating monocytes that expressed an M2-like phenotype was reduced in patients with either moderate or severe disease, the levels of expression of M2 markers on this subpopulation of monocytes in severe COPD was significantly elevated. This was particularly evident for the expression of the chemoattractant receptor CCR5. Conclusions Blood monocytes in severe COPD patients undergo unexpected pre-differentiation that is largely characteristic of M2-macrophage polarization, leading to the emergence of an unusual M2-like monocyte population with very high levels of CCR5. These results show that circulating monocytes in patients with severe COPD possess a cellular phenotype which may permit greater mobilization to the lung, with a pre-existing bias toward a potentially destructive inflammatory phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-018-0664-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Victor Kim
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Temple University Flow Cytometry Facility, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Marie Elena Vega
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Frederick V Ramsey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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48
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Liu J, Guo L, Zhang K, Song Q, Wei Q, Bian Q, Liang T, Niu J, Luo B. The probable roles of valsartan in alleviating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following co-exposure to cold stress and fine particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:230-236. [PMID: 29775776 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) might play an important role in the co-effects of cold stress and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the roles of valsartan in alleviating COPD following co-exposure to cold stress and PM2.5. Both the two intervention factors are carried out upon COPD rats with the intervention of valsartan. Blockade of angiotensin receptor by valsartan decreases the levels of malondialdehyde in the normal temperature and tumor necrosis factor-α under cold stress significantly. When treated with valsartan and PM2.5 simultaneously, the expression of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, nuclear factor kappa B and heme oxygenase-1 decrease significantly in the group of cold stress. In conclusion, these results indicate that valsartan might relieve the co-effects of cold stress and PM2.5 on COPD rat lung to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanquan Song
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaozhen Wei
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Bian
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Di Stefano A, Coccini T, Roda E, Signorini C, Balbi B, Brunetti G, Ceriana P. Blood MCP-1 levels are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with prevalent emphysema. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:1691-1700. [PMID: 29872287 PMCID: PMC5973466 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s159915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by different phenotypes with either bronchial airways alterations or emphysema prevailing. As blood biomarkers could be clinically useful for COPD stratification, we aimed at investigating the levels of blood biomarkers in COPD patients differentiated by phenotype: prevalent chronic airway disease versus emphysema. Methods In 23 COPD patients with prevalent airway disease (COPD-B), 22 COPD patients with prevalent emphysema (COPD-E), 9 control smokers (CSs), and 18 control nonsmokers (CNSs), we analyzed the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma/serum; glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 by immunochemical kits in plasma; and free F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) by gas chromatography in plasma. Results F2-IsoPs level was increased in COPD-B and COPD-E compared with CSs and CNSs; in addition, CS showed higher levels than CNSs; SOD1 level was lower in COPD-B and COPD-E than that in CNSs. Interestingly, MCP-1 level was higher only in COPD-E versus CSs and CNSs; EGF and IL-8 levels were higher in COPD-B and COPD-E versus CNSs; IL-6 level was increased in all three smoking groups (COPD-B, COPD-E, and CSs) versus CNS; IFN-γ and IL-1α levels were higher in CSs than in CNSs; and IL-1α level was also higher in CSs versus COPD-B and COPD-E. In all subjects, F2-IsoPs level correlated positively and significantly with MCP-1, IL-2, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α and negatively with SOD1. When correlations were restricted to COPD-E and COPD-B groups, F2-IsoPs maintained the positive associations with IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. Conclusion We did not find any specific blood biomarkers that could differentiate COPD patients with prevalent airway disease from those with prevalent emphysema. The MCP-1 increase in COPD-E, associated with the imbalance of oxidant/antioxidant markers, may play a role in inducing emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Stefano
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Veruno, Italy
| | - Teresa Coccini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Toxicology Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit and Laboratory of Cytoimmunopathology of the Heart and Lung, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Veruno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
| | - Piero Ceriana
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Pavia, Italy
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50
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Berg T, Hegelund-Myrbäck T, Öckinger J, Zhou XH, Brännström M, Hagemann-Jensen M, Werkström V, Seidegård J, Grunewald J, Nord M, Gustavsson L. Expression of MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2, in epithelial and immune cells in the lung of COPD and healthy individuals. Respir Res 2018; 19:68. [PMID: 29678179 PMCID: PMC5910606 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several inhaled drugs are dependent on organic cation transporters to cross cell membranes. To further evaluate their potential to impact on inhaled drug disposition, the localization of MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 were investigated in human lung. Methods Transporter proteins were analysed by immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from healthy subjects and COPD patients. Transporter mRNA was analysed by qPCR in lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from smokers and non-smokers. Results We demonstrate for the first time MATE1 protein expression in the lung with localization to the apical side of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells. Interestingly, MATE1 was strongly expressed in alveolar macrophages as demonstrated both in lung tissue and in BAL cells, and in inflammatory cells including CD3 positive T cells. P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 were also expressed in the alveolar epithelial cells and in inflammatory cells including alveolar macrophages. In BAL cells from smokers, MATE1 and P-gp mRNA expression was significantly lower compared to cells from non-smokers whereas no difference was observed between COPD patients and healthy subjects. THP-1 cells were evaluated as a model for alveolar macrophages but did not reflect the transporter expression observed in BAL cells. Conclusions We conclude that MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 are expressed in pulmonary lung epithelium, in alveolar macrophages and in other inflammatory cells. This is important to consider in the development of drugs treating pulmonary disease as the transporters may impact drug disposition in the lung and consequently affect pharmacological efficacy and toxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0760-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Berg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Hegelund-Myrbäck
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Brännström
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Werkström
- Respiratory GMed, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janeric Seidegård
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Patient Safety, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Drug Metabolism, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
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