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Wang G, Wang C, Zhu P, Tian J, Yang H. The protective mechanism of sevoflurane in pulmonary arterial hypertension via downregulation of TRAF6. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 491:117065. [PMID: 39127353 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive vasculopathy that, if not promptly treated, culminates in right heart failure. Therefore, pre-clinical studies are needed to support and optimize therapeutic approaches of PAH. Here, we explore a prospective function of sevoflurane in experimental PAH through regulating TRAF6. Monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats were subjected to sevoflurane inhalation and intratracheal instillation of lentivirus overexpressing TRAF6. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were exposed to sevoflurane and genetically manipulated for TRAF6 overexpression. It was found that MCT and PDGF challenge upregulated the levels of TRAF6 in rat lung tissues and PASMCs, but sevoflurane treatment led to reduced TRAF6 expression. Sevoflurane inhalation in MCT-induced rats resulted in alleviative pulmonary vascular remodeling, mitigated right ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy, improved mitochondrial function and dynamics, and inactivation of NF-κB pathway. In vitro studies confirmed that exposure to sevoflurane repressed PDGF-induced proliferation, migration, and phenotype switching of PASMCs, and suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-κB activation in PDGF-stimulated PASMCs. The beneficial impact of sevoflurane on pathological changes of lung and cell phenotype of PASMCs were reversed by overexpression of TRAF6. In summary, our study suggested the protective properties of sevoflurane in targeting PAH by downregulating TRAF6 expression, providing a novel avenue for the management of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxin Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
| | - Haitao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Yan L, Luo X, Hang C, YuWang, Zhang Z, Xu S, Du L. Unraveling the Mfn2-Warburg effect nexus: a therapeutic strategy to combat pulmonary arterial hypertension arising from catch-up growth after IUGR. Respir Res 2024; 25:328. [PMID: 39223619 PMCID: PMC11370119 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02957-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between intrauterine and early postnatal environments has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of mitochondrial pathology in PAH, the specific mechanisms driving fetal-originated PAH remain elusive. METHODS AND RESULTS To elucidate the role of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenesis of fetal-originated PAH, we established a rat model of postnatal catch-up growth following intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) to induce pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RNA-seq analysis of pulmonary artery samples from the rats revealed dysregulated mitochondrial metabolic genes and pathways associated with increased pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary arterial remodeling in the RC group (postnatal catch-up growth following IUGR). In vitro experiments using pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from the RC group demonstrated elevated proliferation, migration, and impaired mitochondrial functions. Notably, reduced expression of Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in mitochondrial fusion, was observed in the RC group. Reconstitution of Mfn2 resulted in enhanced mitochondrial fusion and improved mitochondrial functions in PASMCs of RC group, effectively reversing the Warburg effect. Importantly, Mfn2 reconstitution alleviated the PAH phenotype in the RC group rats. CONCLUSIONS Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, characterized by reduced Mfn2 expression, plays a critical role in the development of fetal-originated PAH following postnatal catch-up growth after IUGR. Mfn2 emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for managing IUGR-catch-up growth induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaofei Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chengcheng Hang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - YuWang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Liu BH, Xu CZ, Liu Y, Lu ZL, Fu TL, Li GR, Deng Y, Luo GQ, Ding S, Li N, Geng Q. Mitochondrial quality control in human health and disease. Mil Med Res 2024; 11:32. [PMID: 38812059 PMCID: PMC11134732 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, the most crucial energy-generating organelles in eukaryotic cells, play a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism. However, their significance extends beyond this, as they are also indispensable in vital life processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, and redox balance. In response to various physiological signals or external stimuli, a sophisticated mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanism has evolved, encompassing key processes like mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy, which have garnered increasing attention from researchers to unveil their specific molecular mechanisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive summary of the primary mechanisms and functions of key regulators involved in major components of MQC. Furthermore, the critical physiological functions regulated by MQC and its diverse roles in the progression of various systemic diseases have been described in detail. We also discuss agonists or antagonists targeting MQC, aiming to explore potential therapeutic and research prospects by enhancing MQC to stabilize mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chen-Zhen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zi-Long Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ting-Lv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Rui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo-Qing Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Boshchenko AA, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Zhuravleva OA, Slidnevskaya AS, Naryzhnaya NV, Zinovieva AS, Ilinykh PA. Peptides Are Cardioprotective Drugs of the Future: The Receptor and Signaling Mechanisms of the Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4900. [PMID: 38732142 PMCID: PMC11084666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main problems of modern cardiology. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create more effective drugs for the treatment of AMI than those currently used in the clinic. Such drugs could be enzyme-resistant peptide analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. In addition, chronic administration of GLP1R agonists can alleviate the development of adverse cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. GLP1R agonists can protect the heart against oxidative stress and reduce proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) expression in the myocardium. GLP1R stimulation inhibits apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. The activation of the GLP1R augments autophagy and mitophagy in the myocardium. GLP1R agonists downregulate reactive species generation through the activation of Epac and the GLP1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. The GLP1R, kinases (PKCε, PKA, Akt, AMPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, mTOR, GSK-3β, PKG, MEK1/2, and MKK3), enzymes (HO-1 and eNOS), transcription factors (STAT3, CREB, Nrf2, and FoxO3), KATP channel opening, and MPT pore closing are involved in the cardioprotective effect of GLP1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Boshchenko
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Zhuravleva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S. Slidnevskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arina S. Zinovieva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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5
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Zhang W, Li M, Ye X, Jiang M, Wu X, Tang Z, Hu L, Zhang H, Li Y, Pan J. Disturbance of mitochondrial dynamics in myocardium of broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:154-164. [PMID: 38380624 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2308277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
1. The following study investigated the relationship between pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) and mitochondrial dynamics in broiler cardiomyocytes.2. An animal model for PHS was established by injecting broiler chickens with CM-32 cellulose particles. Broiler myocardial cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions to establish an in vitro model. The ascites heart index, histomorphology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and mitochondrial dynamic-related gene and protein expression were evaluated.3. The myocardial fibres from PHS broilers had wider spaces and were wavy and twisted and the number of mitochondria increased. Compared with the control group, the gene and protein expression levels were decreased for Opa1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 in the myocardium of PHS broilers. The gene and protein expression was significantly increased for Drp1 and Mff.4. This study showed that PHS in broilers may cause myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, specifically by diminishing mitochondrial fusion and enhancing fission, causing disturbances in the mitochondrial dynamics of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - M Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - X Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - M Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - X Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Z Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - L Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - H Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Y Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - J Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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6
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Pokharel MD, Garcia-Flores A, Marciano D, Franco MC, Fineman JR, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Black SM. Mitochondrial network dynamics in pulmonary disease: Bridging the gap between inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103049. [PMID: 38295575 PMCID: PMC10844980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought of in terms of bioenergetics, mitochondria are now widely accepted as both the orchestrator of cellular health and the gatekeeper of cell death. The pulmonary disease field has performed extensive efforts to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating inflammation, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, a critical component of these processes needs to be more studied: mitochondrial network dynamics. Mitochondria morphologically change in response to their environment to regulate these processes through fusion, fission, and mitophagy. This allows mitochondria to adapt their function to respond to cellular requirements, a critical component in maintaining cellular homeostasis. For that reason, mitochondrial network dynamics can be considered a bridge that brings multiple cellular processes together, revealing a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the critical modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and how they are affected in pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A dysregulated mitochondrial network plays a crucial role in lung disease pathobiology, and aberrant fission/fusion/mitophagy pathways are druggable processes that warrant further exploration. Thus, we also discuss the candidates for lung disease therapeutics that regulate mitochondrial network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - David Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria C Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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7
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Mocumbi A, Humbert M, Saxena A, Jing ZC, Sliwa K, Thienemann F, Archer SL, Stewart S. Pulmonary hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38177157 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension encompasses a range of conditions directly or indirectly leading to elevated pressures within the pulmonary arteries. Five main groups of pulmonary hypertension are recognized, all defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure of >20 mmHg: pulmonary arterial hypertension (rare), pulmonary hypertension associated with left-sided heart disease (very common), pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease (common), pulmonary hypertension associated with pulmonary artery obstructions, usually related to thromboembolic disease (rare), and pulmonary hypertension with unclear and/or multifactorial mechanisms (rare). At least 1% of the world's population is affected, with a greater burden more likely in low-income and middle-income countries. Across all its forms, pulmonary hypertension is associated with adverse vascular remodelling with obstruction, stiffening and vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vasculature. Without proactive management this leads to hypertrophy and ultimately failure of the right ventricle, the main cause of death. In older individuals, dyspnoea is the most common symptom. Stepwise investigation precedes definitive diagnosis with right heart catheterization. Medical and surgical treatments are approved for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. There are emerging treatments for other forms of pulmonary hypertension; but current therapy primarily targets the underlying cause. There are still major gaps in basic, clinical and translational knowledge; thus, further research, with a focus on vulnerable populations, is needed to better characterize, detect and effectively treat all forms of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mocumbi
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique.
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, EN 1, Marracuene, Moçambique.
| | - Marc Humbert
- Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Hôpital Bicêtre (Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM UMR_S 999, Paris, France
- ERN-LUNG, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Anita Saxena
- Sharma University of Health Sciences, Haryana, New Delhi, India
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Friedrich Thienemann
- Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Stewart
- Institute of Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
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8
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Lu Q, Jin Y, Ornatowski W, Soto J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Tieu K, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Mitochondrial hyperfusion induces metabolic remodeling in lung endothelial cells by modifying the activities of electron transport chain complexes I and III. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:183-194. [PMID: 37979892 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease with vascular remodeling as a critical structural alteration. We have previously shown that metabolic reprogramming is an early initiating mechanism in animal models of PH. This metabolic dysregulation has been linked to remodeling the mitochondrial network to favor fission. However, whether the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance underlies the metabolic reprogramming found early in PH development is unknown. METHODS Utilizing a rat early model of PH, in conjunction with cultured pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs), we utilized metabolic flux assays, Seahorse Bioassays, measurements of electron transport chain (ETC) complex activity, fluorescent microscopy, and molecular approaches to investigate the link between the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and the early metabolic changes that occur in PH. RESULTS We observed increased fusion mediators, including Mfn1, Mfn2, and Opa1, and unchanged fission mediators, including Drp1 and Fis1, in a two-week monocrotaline-induced PH animal model (early-stage PH). We were able to establish a connection between increases in fusion mediator Mfn1 and metabolic reprogramming. Using an adenoviral expression system to enhance Mfn1 levels in pulmonary endothelial cells and utilizing 13C-glucose labeled substrate, we found increased production of 13C lactate and decreased TCA cycle metabolites, revealing a Warburg phenotype. The use of a 13C5-glutamine substrate showed evidence that hyperfusion also induces oxidative carboxylation. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels secondary to the disruption of cellular bioenergetics and higher levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS). The elevation in mt-ROS correlated with attenuated ETC complexes I and III activities. Utilizing a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant to suppress mt-ROS, limited HIF-1α protein levels, which reduced cellular glycolysis and reestablished mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data connects mitochondrial fusion-mediated mt-ROS to the Warburg phenotype in early-stage PH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yan Jin
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | | | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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9
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Zhao Q, Liu Z, Song P, Yuan Z, Zou MH. Mitochondria-derived Vesicle Packaging as a Novel Therapeutic Mechanism in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024; 70:39-49. [PMID: 37713305 PMCID: PMC10768832 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0010oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary endothelial cells (ECs) plays a causative role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH); how mitochondria become dysfunctional in PH remains elusive. Mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) are small subcellular vesicles that excise from mitochondria. Whether MDV deregulation causes mitochondrial dysfunction in PH is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine MDV regulation in ECs and to elucidate how MDV deregulation in ECs leads to PH. MDV formation and mitochondrial morphology/dynamics were examined in ECs of EC-specific liver kinase B1 (LKB1) knockout mice (LKB1ec-/-), in monocrotaline-induced PH rats, and in lungs of patients with PH. Pulmonary ECs of patients with PH and hypoxia-treated pulmonary ECs exhibited increased mitochondrial fragmentation and disorganized mitochondrial ultrastructure characterized by electron lucent-swelling matrix compartments and concentric layering of the cristae network, together with defective MDV shedding. MDVs actively regulated mitochondrial membrane dynamics and mitochondrial ultrastructure via removing mitofission-related cargoes. The shedding of MDVs from parental mitochondria required LKB1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Rab9 GTPase. LKB1ec-/- mice spontaneously developed PH with decreased mitochondrial pools of Rab9 GTPase, defective MDV shedding, and disequilibrium of the mitochondrial fusion-fission cycle in pulmonary ECs. Aerosol intratracheal delivery of adeno-associated virus LKB1 reversed PH, together with improved MDV shedding and mitochondrial function in rats in vivo. We conclude that LKB1 regulates MDV shedding and mitochondrial dynamics in pulmonary ECs by enhancing mitochondrial recruitment of Rab9 GTPase. Defects of LKB1-mediated MDV shedding from parental mitochondria instigate EC dysfunction and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixue Liu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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10
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Santos EW, Khatoon S, Di Mise A, Zheng YM, Wang YX. Mitochondrial Dynamics in Pulmonary Hypertension. Biomedicines 2023; 12:53. [PMID: 38255160 PMCID: PMC10813473 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for energy production, calcium homeostasis, redox signaling, and other cellular responses involved in pulmonary vascular biology and disease processes. Mitochondrial homeostasis depends on a balance in mitochondrial fusion and fission (dynamics). Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by a viable circadian clock. Hypoxia and nicotine exposure can cause dysfunctions in mitochondrial dynamics, increases in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and calcium concentration, and decreases in ATP production. These mitochondrial changes contribute significantly to pulmonary vascular oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, contractile dysfunction, pathologic remodeling, and eventually pulmonary hypertension. In this review article, therefore, we primarily summarize recent advances in basic, translational, and clinical studies of circadian roles in mitochondrial metabolism in the pulmonary vasculature. This knowledge may not only be crucial to fully understanding the development of pulmonary hypertension, but also greatly help to create new therapeutic strategies for treating this devastating disease and other related pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Wilson Santos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Subika Khatoon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA; (E.W.S.); (S.K.); (A.D.M.)
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11
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Yegambaram M, Sun X, Flores AG, Lu Q, Soto J, Richards J, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Gu H, Fineman JR, Black SM. Novel Relationship between Mitofusin 2-Mediated Mitochondrial Hyperfusion, Metabolic Remodeling, and Glycolysis in Pulmonary Arterial Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17533. [PMID: 38139362 PMCID: PMC10744129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption of mitochondrial dynamics has been identified in cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension (PH), ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is abundantly expressed in heart and pulmonary vasculature cells at the outer mitochondrial membrane to modulate fusion. Previously, we have reported reduced levels of Mfn2 and fragmented mitochondria in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) isolated from a sheep model of PH induced by pulmonary over-circulation and restoring Mfn2 normalized mitochondrial function. In this study, we assessed the effect of increased expression of Mfn2 on mitochondrial metabolism, bioenergetics, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial membrane potential in control PAECs. Using an adenoviral expression system to overexpress Mfn2 in PAECs and utilizing 13C labeled substrates, we assessed the levels of TCA cycle metabolites. We identified increased pyruvate and lactate production in cells, revealing a glycolytic phenotype (Warburg phenotype). Mfn2 overexpression decreased the mitochondrial ATP production rate, increased the rate of glycolytic ATP production, and disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics. The increase in glycolysis was linked to increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein levels, elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS), and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data suggest that disrupting the mitochondrial fusion/fission balance to favor hyperfusion leads to a metabolic shift that promotes aerobic glycolysis. Thus, therapies designed to increase mitochondrial fusion should be approached with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Xutong Sun
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jamie Soto
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Jaime Richards
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987-2352, USA; (M.Y.); (X.S.); (A.G.F.); (Q.L.); (J.S.); (J.R.); (T.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
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12
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Hernandez-Resendiz S, Prakash A, Loo SJ, Semenzato M, Chinda K, Crespo-Avilan GE, Dam LC, Lu S, Scorrano L, Hausenloy DJ. Targeting mitochondrial shape: at the heart of cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:49. [PMID: 37955687 PMCID: PMC10643419 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
There remains an unmet need to identify novel therapeutic strategies capable of protecting the myocardium against the detrimental effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), to reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size and prevent the onset of heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this regard, perturbations in mitochondrial morphology with an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion and fission can disrupt mitochondrial metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species production, factors which are all known to be critical determinants of cardiomyocyte death following acute myocardial IRI. As such, therapeutic approaches directed at preserving the morphology and functionality of mitochondria may provide an important strategy for cardioprotection. In this article, we provide an overview of the alterations in mitochondrial morphology which occur in response to acute myocardial IRI, and highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondrial shape to preserve mitochondrial function which have the future therapeutic potential to improve health outcomes in patients presenting with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aishwarya Prakash
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Jie Loo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linh Chi Dam
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shengjie Lu
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Singapore, Singapore.
- National Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.
- University College London, The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, London, UK.
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13
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Xia D, Liu Y, Wu P, Wei D. Current Advances of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease and Promising Therapeutic Strategies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1485-1500. [PMID: 37481069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular power stations and essential organelles for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysfunctional mitochondria have emerged as a key factor in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on advances in the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. The clinical value and challenges of mitochondria-targeted strategies, including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, mitochondrial quality control modulators, mitochondrial function protectors, mitochondrial biogenesis promoters, and recently developed mitochondrial transplants, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Dangheng Wei
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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14
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Fujiwara T, Takeda N, Hara H, Ishii S, Numata G, Tokiwa H, Katoh M, Maemura S, Suzuki T, Takiguchi H, Yanase T, Kubota Y, Nomura S, Hatano M, Ueda K, Harada M, Toko H, Takimoto E, Akazawa H, Morita H, Nishimura S, Komuro I. PGC-1α-mediated angiogenesis prevents pulmonary hypertension in mice. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e162632. [PMID: 37681410 PMCID: PMC10544206 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a progressive narrowing of pulmonary arterioles. Although VEGF is highly expressed in lung of patients with PH and in animal PH models, the involvement of angiogenesis remains elusive. To clarify the pathophysiological function of angiogenesis in PH, we compared the angiogenic response in hypoxia (Hx) and SU5416 (a VEGFR2 inhibitor) plus Hx (SuHx) mouse PH models using 3D imaging. The 3D imaging analysis revealed an angiogenic response in the lung of the Hx-PH, but not of the severer SuHx-PH model. Selective VEGFR2 inhibition with cabozantinib plus Hx in mice also suppressed angiogenic response and exacerbated Hx-PH to the same extent as SuHx. Expression of endothelial proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) increased along with angiogenesis in lung of Hx-PH but not SuHx mice. In pulmonary endothelial cell-specific Ppargc1a-KO mice, the Hx-induced angiogenesis was suppressed, and PH was exacerbated along with increased oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and DNA damage. By contrast, treatment with baicalin, a flavonoid enhancing PGC-1α activity in endothelial cells, ameliorated Hx-PH with increased Vegfa expression and angiogenesis. Pulmonary endothelial PGC-1α-mediated angiogenesis is essential for adaptive responses to Hx and might represent a potential therapeutic target for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Diagnostic Radiology and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Translational Research and Medicine in Management of Pulmonary Hypertension, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genri Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Translational Research and Medicine in Management of Pulmonary Hypertension, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokiwa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takiguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Yanase
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Therapeutic Strategy for Heart Failure, and
| | - Masaru Hatano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishimura
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Geng Y, Hu Y, Zhang F, Tuo Y, Ge R, Bai Z. Mitochondria in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, roles and the potential targets. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239643. [PMID: 37645564 PMCID: PMC10461481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the centrol hub for cellular energy metabolisms. They regulate fuel metabolism by oxygen levels, participate in physiological signaling pathways, and act as oxygen sensors. Once oxygen deprived, the fuel utilizations can be switched from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for ATP production. Notably, mitochondria can also adapt to hypoxia by making various functional and phenotypes changes to meet the demanding of oxygen levels. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease, but its exact pathgenesis mechanism is still unclear and there is no effective treatment available until now. Ample of evidence indicated that mitochondria play key factor in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. By hypoxia-inducible factors, multiple cells sense and transmit hypoxia signals, which then control the expression of various metabolic genes. This activation of hypoxia-inducible factors considered associations with crosstalk between hypoxia and altered mitochondrial metabolism, which plays an important role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of how hypoxia affects mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial biosynthesis, reactive oxygen homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics, to explore the potential of improving mitochondrial function as a strategy for treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Geng
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai Provincial Traffic Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yajun Tuo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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16
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Colpman P, Dasgupta A, Archer SL. The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitotic Fission in Regulating the Cell Cycle in Cancer and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Implications for Dynamin-Related Protein 1 and Mitofusin2 in Hyperproliferative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1897. [PMID: 37508561 PMCID: PMC10378656 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, which generate ATP through aerobic respiration, also have important noncanonical functions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, that engage in fission (division), fusion (joining) and translocation. They also regulate intracellular calcium homeostasis, serve as oxygen-sensors, regulate inflammation, participate in cellular and organellar quality control and regulate the cell cycle. Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the large GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) which, when activated, translocates to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it interacts with binding proteins (Fis1, MFF, MiD49 and MiD51). At a site demarcated by the endoplasmic reticulum, fission proteins create a macromolecular ring that divides the organelle. The functional consequence of fission is contextual. Physiological fission in healthy, nonproliferating cells mediates organellar quality control, eliminating dysfunctional portions of the mitochondria via mitophagy. Pathological fission in somatic cells generates reactive oxygen species and triggers cell death. In dividing cells, Drp1-mediated mitotic fission is critical to cell cycle progression, ensuring that daughter cells receive equitable distribution of mitochondria. Mitochondrial fusion is regulated by the large GTPases mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), which fuse the OMM, and optic atrophy 1 (OPA-1), which fuses the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial fusion mediates complementation, an important mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Fusion also favors oxidative metabolism, intracellular calcium homeostasis and inhibits cell proliferation. Mitochondrial lipids, cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid, also regulate fission and fusion, respectively. Here we review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease and discuss emerging concepts in the field, such as the role of central versus peripheral fission and the potential role of dynamin 2 (DNM2) as a fission mediator. In hyperproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and cancer, Drp1 and its binding partners are upregulated and activated, positing mitochondrial fission as an emerging therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Colpman
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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17
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Wang Y, Zeng Z, Zeng Z, Chu G, Shan X. Elevated CHCHD4 orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to disturb hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. J Transl Med 2023; 21:464. [PMID: 37438854 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a highly prevalent cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by vascular remodeling and increased resistance in pulmonary artery. Mitochondrial coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain (CHCHD)-containing proteins have various important pathophysiological roles. However, the functional roles of CHCHD proteins in hypoxic PAH is still ambiguous. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of CHCHD4 in hypoxic PAH and provide new insight into the mechanism driving the development of PAH. METHODS Serotype 1 adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) carrying Chchd4 was intratracheally injected to overexpress CHCHD4 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The Normoxia groups of animals were housed at 21% O2. Hypoxia groups were housed at 10% O2, for 8 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. Hemodynamic and histological characteristics are investigated in PAH. Primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of rats (PASMCs) are used to assess how CHCHD4 affects proliferation and migration. RESULTS We found CHCHD4 was significantly downregulated among CHCHD proteins in hypoxic PASMCs and lung tissues from hypoxic PAH rats. AAV1-induced CHCHD4 elevation conspicuously alleviates vascular remodeling and pulmonary artery resistance, and orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in PASMCs. Moreover, we found overexpression of CHCHD4 impeded proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Mechanistically, through lung tissues bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we further identified CHCHD4 modulated mitochondrial dynamics by directly interacting with SAM50, a barrel protein on mitochondrial outer membrane surface. Furthermore, knockdown of SAM50 reversed the biological effects of CHCHD4 overexpression in isolated PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrated that CHCHD4 elevation orchestrates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and antagonizes aberrant PASMC cell growth and migration, thereby disturbing hypoxic PAH, which could serve as a promising therapeutic target for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Chu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinghua Shan
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Atef MM, Hafez YM, El-Deeb OS, Basha EH, Ismail R, Alshenawy H, El-Esawy RO, Eltokhy AK. The cardioprotective effect of human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (semaglutide) on cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Targeting mitochondrial functions, dynamics, biogenesis, and redox status pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2023. [PMID: 37051656 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The cardiotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents as cisplatin has become a major issue recently. Interference with mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, redox status, and apoptosis are the most possible underlying mechanisms. Semaglutide is a human glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1R), which is used primarily for the treatment of DM. Various recent studies have investigated (GLP-1R) role in cardiovascular diseases due to antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects. The current study aimed to investigate the curative role of semaglutide's against cisplatin- induced cardiotoxicity and its relation to mitochondrial functions, dynamics, biogenesis, apoptosis, and redox status pathways. The study included 30 male rats divided into three groups: control, cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity, and cisplatin-induced cardiotoxicity treated with semaglutide. At the end of the experiment heart index, serum cardiotoxicity markers, SOD, GPX activities and H2 O2 level were estimated. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential, complex I and citrate synthase enzyme activities, ATP level, Mfn2 in addition to PGC-1 α levels were assessed as biogenesis markers. Mitophagy markers PINK1 and Parkin mRNA gene expression were estimated. Histopathological examination of cardiac muscles of all studied groups and immunoassay of P53 and caspase 3 in cardiac tissue were examined to assess apoptosis. Cisplatin has disturbed mitochondrial function and dynamics, dysregulate redox status and induced mitophagy and apoptosis, in the other hand semaglutide treatment has normalized dysregulated mitochondrial function and dynamics, redox status and suppressed mitophagy and apoptosis. Semaglutide has ameliorative effect against cisplatin- induced cardiotoxicity via modulation of mitochondrial functions, dynamics, biogenesis, apoptosis, and redox status pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mohamed Atef
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser Mostafa Hafez
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman H Basha
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ismail
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hanan Alshenawy
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Amira Kamel Eltokhy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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19
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Ma Z, Liu Z, Li X, Zhang H, Han D, Xiong W, Zhou H, Yang X, Zeng Q, Ren H, Xu D. Metformin Collaborates with PINK1/Mfn2 Overexpression to Prevent Cardiac Injury by Improving Mitochondrial Function. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040582. [PMID: 37106782 PMCID: PMC10135998 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Both mitochondrial quality control and energy metabolism are critical in maintaining the physiological function of cardiomyocytes. When damaged mitochondria fail to be repaired, cardiomyocytes initiate a process referred to as mitophagy to clear defective mitochondria, and studies have shown that PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) plays an important role in this process. In addition, previous studies indicated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes mitochondrial energy metabolism, and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) promotes mitochondrial fusion, which is beneficial for cardiomyocytes. Thus, an integration strategy involving mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy might contribute to improved cardiomyocyte function. We studied the function of PINK1 in mitophagy in isoproterenol (Iso)-induced cardiomyocyte injury and transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced myocardial hypertrophy. Adenovirus vectors were used to induce PINK1/Mfn2 protein overexpression. Cardiomyocytes treated with isoproterenol (Iso) expressed high levels of PINK1 and low levels of Mfn2, and the changes were time dependent. PINK1 overexpression promoted mitophagy, attenuated the Iso-induced reduction in MMP, and reduced ROS production and the apoptotic rate. Cardiac-specific overexpression of PINK1 improved cardiac function, attenuated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, and facilitated myocardial mitophagy in TAC mice. Moreover, metformin treatment and PINK1/Mfn2 overexpression reduced mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting ROS generation leading to an increase in both ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential in Iso-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Our findings indicate that a combination strategy may help ameliorate myocardial injury by improving mitochondrial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zuheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Xudong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dunzheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wenjun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haobin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 516006, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou 510515, China
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20
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Wertheim BM, Wang RS, Guillermier C, Hütter CV, Oldham WM, Menche J, Steinhauser ML, Maron BA. Proline and glucose metabolic reprogramming supports vascular endothelial and medial biomass in pulmonary arterial hypertension. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163932. [PMID: 36626231 PMCID: PMC9977503 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), inflammation promotes a fibroproliferative pulmonary vasculopathy. Reductionist studies emphasizing single biochemical reactions suggest a shift toward glycolytic metabolism in PAH; however, key questions remain regarding the metabolic profile of specific cell types within PAH vascular lesions in vivo. We used RNA-Seq to profile the transcriptome of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) freshly isolated from an inflammatory vascular injury model of PAH ex vivo, and these data were integrated with information from human gene ontology pathways. Network medicine was then used to map all aa and glucose pathways to the consolidated human interactome, which includes data on 233,957 physical protein-protein interactions. Glucose and proline pathways were significantly close to the human PAH disease module, suggesting that these pathways are functionally relevant to PAH pathobiology. To test this observation in vivo, we used multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry to map and quantify utilization of glucose and proline in the PAH pulmonary vasculature at subcellular resolution. Our findings suggest that elevated glucose and proline avidity underlie increased biomass in PAECs and the media of fibrosed PAH pulmonary arterioles. Overall, these data show that anabolic utilization of glucose and proline are fundamental to the vascular pathology of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine; and
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for NanoImaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christiane Vr Hütter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - William M Oldham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jörg Menche
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Faculty of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthew L Steinhauser
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for NanoImaging, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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21
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Placental Mitochondrial Function and Dysfunction in Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044177. [PMID: 36835587 PMCID: PMC9963167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a vital organ of pregnancy, regulating adaptation to pregnancy, gestational parent/fetal exchange, and ultimately, fetal development and growth. Not surprisingly, in cases of placental dysfunction-where aspects of placental development or function become compromised-adverse pregnancy outcomes can result. One common placenta-mediated disorder of pregnancy is preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with a highly heterogeneous clinical presentation. The wide array of clinical characteristics observed in pregnant individuals and neonates of a PE pregnancy are likely the result of distinct forms of placental pathology underlying the PE diagnosis, explaining why no one common intervention has proven effective in the prevention or treatment of PE. The historical paradigm of placental pathology in PE highlights an important role for utero-placental malperfusion, placental hypoxia and oxidative stress, and a critical role for placental mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. In the current review, the evidence of placental mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of PE will be summarized, highlighting how altered mitochondrial function may be a common feature across distinct PE subtypes. Further, advances in this field of study and therapeutic targeting of mitochondria as a promising intervention for PE will be discussed.
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22
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Faherty L, Kenny S, Cloonan SM. Iron and mitochondria in the susceptibility, pathogenesis and progression of COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:219-237. [PMID: 36729089 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease characterised by airflow limitation, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and airway remodelling. Cigarette smoke is considered the primary risk factor for the development of COPD; however, genetic factors, host responses and infection also play an important role. Accumulating evidence highlights a role for iron dyshomeostasis and cellular iron accumulation in the lung as a key contributing factor in the development and pathogenesis of COPD. Recent studies have also shown that mitochondria, the central players in cellular iron utilisation, are dysfunctional in respiratory cells in individuals with COPD, with alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics driving disease progression. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunction of mitochondria and cellular iron metabolism in the lung may unveil potential novel investigational avenues and therapeutic targets to aid in the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Faherty
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kenny
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne M Cloonan
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
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23
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Ryanto GRT, Suraya R, Nagano T. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:372. [PMID: 36829931 PMCID: PMC9952650 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multi-etiological condition with a similar hemodynamic clinical sign and end result of right heart failure. Although its causes vary, a similar link across all the classifications is the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria, as the powerhouse of the cells, hold a number of vital roles in maintaining normal cellular homeostasis, including the pulmonary vascular cells. As such, any disturbance in the normal functions of mitochondria could lead to major pathological consequences. The Warburg effect has been established as a major finding in PH conditions, but other mitochondria-related metabolic and oxidative stress factors have also been reported, making important contributions to the progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling that is commonly found in PH pathophysiology. In this review, we will discuss the role of the mitochondria in maintaining a normal vasculature, how it could be altered during pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the therapeutic options available that can treat its dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gusty Rizky Teguh Ryanto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Ratoe Suraya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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24
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Breault NM, Wu D, Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Archer SL. Acquired disorders of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1105565. [PMID: 36819102 PMCID: PMC9933518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an orphan disease of the cardiopulmonary unit that reflects an obstructive pulmonary vasculopathy and presents with hypertrophy, inflammation, fibrosis, and ultimately failure of the right ventricle (RVF). Despite treatment using pulmonary hypertension (PH)-targeted therapies, persistent functional impairment reduces the quality of life for people with PAH and death from RVF occurs in approximately 40% of patients within 5 years of diagnosis. PH-targeted therapeutics are primarily vasodilators and none, alone or in combination, are curative. This highlights a need to therapeutically explore molecular targets in other pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. Several candidate pathways in PAH involve acquired mitochondrial dysfunction. These mitochondrial disorders include: 1) a shift in metabolism related to increased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate kinase, which together increase uncoupled glycolysis (Warburg metabolism); 2) disruption of oxygen-sensing related to increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, resulting in a state of pseudohypoxia; 3) altered mitochondrial calcium homeostasis related to impaired function of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex, which elevates cytosolic calcium and reduces intramitochondrial calcium; and 4) abnormal mitochondrial dynamics related to increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 and its binding partners, such as mitochondrial dynamics proteins of 49 kDa and 51 kDa, and depressed expression of mitofusin 2, resulting in increased mitotic fission. These acquired mitochondrial abnormalities increase proliferation and impair apoptosis in most pulmonary vascular cells (including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts). In the RV, Warburg metabolism and induction of glutaminolysis impairs bioenergetics and promotes hypokinesis, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This review will explore our current knowledge of the causes and consequences of disordered mitochondrial function in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M. Breault
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Danchen Wu, ; Stephen L. Archer,
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25
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Körbelin J, Klein J, Matuszcak C, Runge J, Harbaum L, Klose H, Hennigs JK. Transcription factors in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension-Current knowledge and therapeutic potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1036096. [PMID: 36684555 PMCID: PMC9853303 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1036096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure. Mortality remains high in severe cases despite significant advances in management and pharmacotherapy. Since currently approved PAH therapies are unable to significantly reverse pathological vessel remodeling, novel disease-modifying, targeted therapeutics are needed. Pathogenetically, PAH is characterized by vessel wall cell dysfunction with consecutive remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature and the right heart. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate the process of transcribing DNA into RNA and, in the pulmonary circulation, control the response of pulmonary vascular cells to macro- and microenvironmental stimuli. Often, TFs form complex protein interaction networks with other TFs or co-factors to allow for fine-tuning of gene expression. Therefore, identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms of TF (dys-)function is essential to develop tailored modulation strategies in PAH. This current review provides a compendium-style overview of TFs and TF complexes associated with PAH pathogenesis and highlights their potential as targets for vasculoregenerative or reverse remodeling therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Körbelin
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Jakob Körbelin,
| | - Julius Klein
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Matuszcak
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Runge
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Harbaum
- Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Klose
- Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan K. Hennigs
- ENDomics Lab, Department of Medicine, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Division of Pneumology and Center for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Jan K. Hennigs,
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26
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Alzaydi MM, Abdul-Salam VB, Whitwell HJ, Russomanno G, Glynos A, Capece D, Szabadkai G, Wilkins MR, Wojciak-Stothard B. Intracellular Chloride Channels Regulate Endothelial Metabolic Reprogramming in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:103-115. [PMID: 36264759 PMCID: PMC9817916 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0111oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis are key features of vascular pathology in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and are associated with exuberant endothelial proliferation and apoptosis. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe the contribution of two intracellular chloride channel proteins, CLIC1 and CLIC4, both highly expressed in PAH and cancer, to mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism in PAH endothelium. Pathological overexpression of CLIC proteins induces mitochondrial fragmentation, inhibits mitochondrial cristae formation, and induces metabolic shift toward glycolysis in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, consistent with changes observed in patient-derived cells. Interactions of CLIC proteins with structural components of the inner mitochondrial membrane offer mechanistic insights. Endothelial CLIC4 excision and mitofusin 2 supplementation have protective effects in human PAH cells and preclinical PAH. This study is the first to demonstrate the key role of endothelial intracellular chloride channels in the regulation of mitochondrial structure, biogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming in expression of the PAH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M. Alzaydi
- National Heart and Lung Institute,,National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vahitha B. Abdul-Salam
- National Heart and Lung Institute,,Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Device Innovation, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harry J. Whitwell
- National Phenome Centre and Imperial Clinical Phenotyping Centre, and,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, and
| | - Giusy Russomanno
- National Heart and Lung Institute,,Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Glynos
- Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Medical Research Council, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Daria Capece
- Centre for Cell Signalling and Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Dong M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1079989. [PMID: 36589421 PMCID: PMC9795033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. PAH has high disability, high mortality and poor prognosis, which is becoming a more common global health issue. There is currently no drug that can permanently cure PAH patients. The pathogenesis of PAH is still not fully elucidated. However, the role of metabolic theory in the pathogenesis of PAH is becoming clearer, especially mitochondrial metabolism. With the deepening of mitochondrial researches in recent years, more and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PAH are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, redox homeostasis, enhanced glycolysis, and increased reactive oxygen species production, calcium dysregulation, mitophagy, etc. This review will further elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. It might be possible to explore more comprehensive and specific treatment strategies for PAH by understanding these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Geratric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
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28
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Moral-Sanz J, Lewis SA, MacMillan S, Meloni M, McClafferty H, Viollet B, Foretz M, Del-Pozo J, Mark Evans A. AMPK deficiency in smooth muscles causes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the new-born and premature death. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5034. [PMID: 36028487 PMCID: PMC9418192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK has been reported to facilitate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction but, paradoxically, its deficiency precipitates pulmonary hypertension. Here we show that AMPK-α1/α2 deficiency in smooth muscles promotes persistent pulmonary hypertension of the new-born. Accordingly, dual AMPK-α1/α2 deletion in smooth muscles causes premature death of mice after birth, associated with increased muscularisation and remodeling throughout the pulmonary arterial tree, reduced alveolar numbers and alveolar membrane thickening, but with no oedema. Spectral Doppler ultrasound indicates pulmonary hypertension and attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Age-dependent right ventricular pressure elevation, dilation and reduced cardiac output was also evident. KV1.5 potassium currents of pulmonary arterial myocytes were markedly smaller under normoxia, which is known to facilitate pulmonary hypertension. Mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species accumulation was also evident. Importantly, there was no evidence of systemic vasculopathy or hypertension in these mice. Moreover, hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was attenuated by AMPK-α1 or AMPK-α2 deletion without triggering pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moral-Sanz
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sophronia A Lewis
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Sandy MacMillan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Marco Meloni
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Heather McClafferty
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Cochin, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Del-Pozo
- R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Campus, EH25 9RG, Roslin, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Mark Evans
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and Cardiovascular Science, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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Liu M, Lv J, Pan Z, Wang D, Zhao L, Guo X. Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure and its therapeutic implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:945142. [PMID: 36093152 PMCID: PMC9448986 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.945142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP consumption in heart is very intensive to support muscle contraction and relaxation. Mitochondrion is the power plant of the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been believed as the primary mechanism responsible for the inability of energy generation and utilization in heart failure. In addition, emerging evidence has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction also contributes to calcium dysregulation, oxidative stress, proteotoxic insults and cardiomyocyte death. These elements interact with each other to form a vicious circle in failing heart. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of heart failure has attracted increasing attention. The complex signaling of mitochondrial quality control provides multiple targets for maintaining mitochondrial function. Design of therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction holds promise for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaosen Liu
- Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liding Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Guo,
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Hsieh MCW, Wang WT, Yeh JL, Lin CY, Kuo YR, Lee SS, Hou MF, Wu YC. The Potential Application and Promising Role of Targeted Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061415. [PMID: 35740436 PMCID: PMC9220101 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare yet serious progressive disorder that is currently incurable. This female-predominant disease unfolds as a pan-vasculopathy that affects all layers of the vessel wall. Five classes of pharmacological agents currently exist to target the three major cellular signaling pathways identified in PAH but are incapable of effectively reversing the disease progression. While several targets have been identified for therapy, none of the current PAH specific therapies are curative and cost-effective as they fail to reverse vascular remodeling and do not address the cancer-like features of PAH. Our purpose is to review the current literature on the therapeutic management of PAH, as well as the molecular targets under consideration for therapy so as to shed light on the potential role and future promise of novel strategies in treating this high-mortality disease. This review study summarizes and discusses the potential therapeutic targets to be employed against PAH. In addition to the three major conventional pathways already used in PAH therapy, targeting PDGF/PDGFR signaling, regulators in glycolytic metabolism, PI3K/AKT pathways, mitochondrial heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), and bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins by using their specific inhibitors, or a pharmacological induction of the p53 expression, could be attractive strategies for treating PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chien Willie Hsieh
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Wang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chuang-Yu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yur-Ren Kuo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Su-Shin Lee
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 81267, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (M.-C.W.H.); (W.-T.W.); (Y.-R.K.); (S.-S.L.)
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 7675)
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31
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Uchikado Y, Ikeda Y, Ohishi M. Current Understanding of the Pivotal Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Diseases and Senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905072. [PMID: 35665261 PMCID: PMC9157625 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is dependent on ATP production in mitochondria, which is closely associated with cardiovascular disease because of the oxidative stress produced by mitochondria. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly change their morphology to elongated (fusion) or small and spherical (fission). These mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by various small GTPases, Drp1, Fis1, Mitofusin, and Opa1. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are essential to maintain a balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial turnover. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and senescence. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics affect mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte survival leading to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Mitochondrial dynamics and reactive oxygen species production have been associated with endothelial dysfunction, which in turn causes the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and even pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the association between cardiovascular diseases and mitochondrial dynamics, which may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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32
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Proteasome Inhibitors Decrease the Viability of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by Restoring Mitofusin-2 Expression under Hypoxic Conditions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040873. [PMID: 35453623 PMCID: PMC9030547 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe progressive disease, and the uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is one of the main causes. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) profoundly inhibits cell growth and proliferation in a variety of tumor cell lines and rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Down-regulation of MFN2 is known to contribute to PH. Proteasome inhibitors have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of PASMCs; however, there is no study on the regulation of proteasome inhibitors through MFN-2 in the proliferation of PASMCs, a main pathophysiology of PH. In this study, PASMCs were exposed to hypoxic conditions and the expression of MFN2 and cleaved-PARP1 were detected by Western blotting. The effects of hypoxia and proteasome inhibitors on the cell viability of PASMC cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The results indicated that hypoxia increases the viability and reduces the expression of MFN2 in a PASMCs model. MFN2 overexpression inhibits the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs. In addition, proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib and marizomib, restored the decreased expression of MFN2 under hypoxic conditions, inhibited hypoxia-induced proliferation and induced the expression of cleaved-PARP1. These results suggest that bortezomib and marizomib have the potential to improve the hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs by restoring MFN2 expression.
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Maarman GJ. Reviewing the suitability of mitochondrial transplantation as therapeutic approach for pulmonary hypertension in the era of personalised medicine. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L641-L646. [PMID: 35318860 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00484.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease, defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg. It is caused, in part, by mitochondrial dysfunction. Among the various biological therapies proposed to rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, evidence going back as far as 2009, suggests that mitochondrial transplantation is an alternative. Although scant, recent PH findings and other literature supports a role for mitochondrial transplantation as a therapeutic approach in the context of PH. In experimental models of PH, it confers beneficial effects that include reduced pulmonary vasoconstriction, reduced pulmonary vascular remodelling, and improved right ventricular function. It also reduces the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. However, first, we must understand that more research is needed before mitochondrial transplantation can be considered an effective therapy in the clinical setting, as many of the mechanisms or potential long-term risks are still unknown. Second, the current challenges of mitochondrial transplantation are surmountable and should not deter researchers from further investigating its effectiveness and trying to overcome these challenges in creative ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J Maarman
- CARMA: Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Alves-Silva JM, Zuzarte M, Marques C, Viana S, Preguiça I, Baptista R, Ferreira C, Cavaleiro C, Domingues N, Sardão VA, Oliveira PJ, Reis F, Salgueiro L, Girão H. 1,8-cineole Ameliorates Right Ventricle Dysfunction Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Restoring Connexin 43 and Mitochondrial Homeostasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 180:106151. [PMID: 35247601 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the present study unravels a cardiospecific therapeutic approach for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), a disease with a very poor prognosis and high mortality rates due to right ventricle dysfunction. We first established a new in vitro model of high-pressure-induced hypertrophy that closely resembles heart defects associated with PAH and validated our in vitro findings on a preclinical in vivo model of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. Our results showed the in vitro antihypertrophic effect of 1,8-cineole, a monoterpene widely found in several essential oils. Also, a decrease in RV hypertrophy and fibrosis, and an improvement in heart function in vivo was observed, when 1,8-cineole was applied topically. Furthermore, 1,8-cineole restored gap junction protein connexin43 distribution at the intercalated discs and mitochondrial functionality, suggesting it may act by preserving cardiac cell-to-cell communication and bioenergetics. Overall, our results point out a promising therapeutic compound that can be easily applied topically, thus paving the way for the development of effective cardiac-specific therapies to greatly improve PAH outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge M Alves-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carla Marques
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Preguiça
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Baptista
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Cardiology Department, Hospital Centre of Entre Douro and Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Cátia Ferreira
- Cardiology Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Neuza Domingues
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Univ Coimbra, Faculty of Pharmacy, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Sun QW, Sun Z. Stem Cell Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Update. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:692-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Metabolism, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Redox Homeostasis in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020428. [PMID: 35204311 PMCID: PMC8869288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a group of disorders characterized by elevated mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, progressive right ventricular failure, and often death. Some of the hallmarks of pulmonary hypertension include endothelial dysfunction, intimal and medial proliferation, vasoconstriction, inflammatory infiltration, and in situ thrombosis. The vascular remodeling seen in pulmonary hypertension has been previously linked to the hyperproliferation of PA smooth muscle cells. This excess proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells has recently been associated with changes in metabolism and mitochondrial biology, including changes in glycolysis, redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial quality control. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that have been reported to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic changes, and redox biology in PH.
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37
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Liang S, Yegambaram M, Wang T, Wang J, Black SM, Tang H. Mitochondrial Metabolism, Redox, and Calcium Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020341. [PMID: 35203550 PMCID: PMC8961787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, secondary to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Work over the last decade has led to the identification of a critical role for metabolic reprogramming in the PAH pathogenesis. It is becoming clear that in addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrion is an important organelle that regulates complex and integrative metabolic- and signal transduction pathways. This review focuses on mitochondrial metabolism alterations that occur in deranged pulmonary vessels and the right ventricle, including abnormalities in glycolysis and glucose oxidation, fatty acid oxidation, glutaminolysis, redox homeostasis, as well as iron and calcium metabolism. Further understanding of these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms could provide viable therapeutic approaches for PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Manivannan Yegambaram
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, 11350 SW Village Pkwy, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; (M.Y.); (T.W.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (H.T.)
| | - Haiyang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (S.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (H.T.)
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Differential remodelling of mitochondrial subpopulations and mitochondrial dysfunction are a feature of early stage diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:978. [PMID: 35046471 PMCID: PMC8770458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of type I and type II diabetes, but there is a lack of consistency between reports and links to disease development. We aimed to investigate if mitochondrial structure–function remodelling occurs in the early stages of diabetes by employing a mouse model (GENA348) of Maturity Onset Diabetes in the Young, exhibiting hyperglycemia, but not hyperinsulinemia, with mild left ventricular dysfunction. Employing 3-D electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) we determined that compared to wild-type, WT, the GENA348 subsarcolemma mitochondria (SSM) are ~ 2-fold larger, consistent with up-regulation of fusion proteins Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1. Further, in comparison, GENA348 mitochondria are more irregular in shape, have more tubular projections with SSM projections being longer and wider. Mitochondrial density is also increased in the GENA348 myocardium consistent with up-regulation of PGC1-α and stalled mitophagy (down-regulation of PINK1, Parkin and Miro1). GENA348 mitochondria have more irregular cristae arrangements but cristae dimensions and density are similar to WT. GENA348 Complex activity (I, II, IV, V) activity is decreased but the OCR is increased, potentially linked to a shift towards fatty acid oxidation due to impaired glycolysis. These novel data reveal that dysregulated mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and function develop in the early stages of diabetes.
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Narongkiatikhun P, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Mitochondrial dynamics and diabetic kidney disease: Missing pieces for the puzzle of therapeutic approaches. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:249-273. [PMID: 34889040 PMCID: PMC8743650 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication among diabetic patients. Once the DKD has developed, most of the patients inevitably progress to the end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Although many new therapeutic strategies have attempted to demolish the root of the pathogenesis of DKD, the residual risks of ESRD still remained. Alteration of mitochondrial dynamics towards mitochondrial fission concurrent with the mitochondrial dysfunction is the characteristic that is usually seen in various diseases, including DKD. It has been proposed that those perturbation and their cooperative networks could be responsible for the residual risk of ESRD in DKD patients. In this review, the collective evidence of alteration in mitochondrial dynamics and their associations with the mitochondrial function from in vitro, in vivo and clinical reports of DKD are comprehensively summarized and discussed. In addition, both basic and clinical reports regarding the pharmacological interventions that showed an impact on the mitochondrial dynamics, and the correlation with the renal parameters in DKD is presented. Understanding these complex mechanisms in combination with the existing therapeutic modalities could bring a new opportunity to overcome the unresolvable problem of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoom Narongkiatikhun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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40
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Zhang Y, Zervopoulos SD, Boukouris AE, Lorenzana-Carrillo MA, Saleme B, Webster L, Liu Y, Haromy A, Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Ussher JR, Sutendra G, Michelakis ED. SNPs for Genes Encoding the Mitochondrial Proteins Sirtuin3 and Uncoupling Protein 2 Are Associated With Disease Severity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Outcomes in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and This Is Recapitulated in a New Mouse Model Lacking Both Genes. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020451. [PMID: 34719264 PMCID: PMC9075406 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Isolated loss‐of‐function single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for SIRT3 (a mitochondrial deacetylase) and UCP2 (an atypical uncoupling protein enabling mitochondrial calcium entry) have been associated with both pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and insulin resistance, but their collective role in animal models and patients is unknown. Methods and Results In a prospective cohort of patients with PAH (n=60), we measured SNPs for both SIRT3 and UCP2, along with several clinical features (including invasive hemodynamic data) and outcomes. We found SIRT3 and UCP2 SNPs often both in the same patient in a homozygous or heterozygous manner, correlating positively with PAH severity and associated with the presence of type 2 diabetes and 10‐year outcomes (death and transplantation). To explore this mechanistically, we generated double knockout mice for Sirt3 and Ucp2 and found increasing severity of PAH (mean pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy/dilatation and extensive vascular remodeling, including inflammatory plexogenic lesions, in a gene dose‐dependent manner), along with insulin resistance, compared with wild‐type mice. The suppressed mitochondrial function (decreased respiration, increased mitochondrial membrane potential) in the double knockout pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells was associated with apoptosis resistance and increased proliferation, compared with wild‐type mice. Conclusions Our work supports the metabolic theory of PAH and shows that these mice exhibit spontaneous severe PAH (without environmental or chemical triggers) that mimics human PAH and may explain the findings in our patient cohort. Our study offers a new mouse model of PAH, with several features of human disease that are typically absent in other PAH mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongneng Zhang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Sotirios D Zervopoulos
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Aristeidis E Boukouris
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - Bruno Saleme
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Linda Webster
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Alois Haromy
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | | | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Gopinath Sutendra
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Evangelos D Michelakis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Bassot A, Prip-Buus C, Alves A, Berdeaux O, Perrier J, Lenoir V, Ji-Cao J, Berger MA, Loizon E, Cabaret S, Panthu B, Rieusset J, Morio B. Loss and gain of function of Grp75 or mitofusin 2 distinctly alter cholesterol metabolism, but all promote triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159030. [PMID: 34419589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the liver, contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (named MAMs) may be crucial hubs for the regulation of lipid metabolism, thus contributing to the exacerbation or prevention of fatty liver. We hypothesized that tether proteins located at MAMs could play a key role in preventing triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurrence. To test this, we explored the role of two key partners in building MAM integrity and functionality, the glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), which liver contents are altered in obesity and NAFLD. Grp75 or Mfn2 expression was either silenced using siRNA or overexpressed with adenoviruses in Huh7 cells. Silencing of Grp75 and Mfn2 resulted in decreased ER-mitochondria interactions, mitochondrial network fusion state and mitochondrial oxidative capacity, while overexpression of the two proteins induced mirror impacts on these parameters. Furthermore, Grp75 or Mfn2 silencing decreased cellular cholesterol content and enhanced triglyceride secretion in ApoB100 lipoproteins, while their overexpression led to reverse effects. Cellular phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio was decreased only upon overexpression of the proteins, potentially contributing to altered ApoB100 assembly and secretion. Despite the opposite differences, both silencing and overexpression of Grp75 or Mfn2 induced triglyceride storage, although a fatty acid challenge was required to express the alteration upon protein silencing. Among the mechanisms potentially involved in this phenotype, ER stress was closely associated with altered triglyceride metabolism after Grp75 or Mfn2 overexpression, while blunted mitochondrial FA oxidation capacity may be the main defect causing triglyceride accumulation upon Grp75 or Mfn2 silencing. Further studies are required to decipher the link between modulation of Grp75 or Mfn2 expression, change in MAM integrity and alteration of cholesterol content of the cell. In conclusion, Grp75 or Mfn2 silencing and overexpression in Huh7 cells contribute to altering MAM integrity and cholesterol storage in opposite directions, but all promote triglyceride accumulation through distinct cellular pathways. This study also highlights that besides Mfn2, Grp75 could play a central role in hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism in obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bassot
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Diabète, INSERM U1016/CNRS UMR8104/Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Anaïs Alves
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Johan Perrier
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Véronique Lenoir
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Diabète, INSERM U1016/CNRS UMR8104/Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jingwei Ji-Cao
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Marie-Agnès Berger
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Stephanie Cabaret
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Béatrice Morio
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
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42
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Saraji A, Sydykov A, Schäfer K, Garcia-Castro CF, Henneke I, Alebrahimdehkordi N, Kosanovic D, Hadzic S, Guenther A, Hecker M, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Schermuly RT, Weissmann N, Sommer N, Pak O. PINK1-mediated Mitophagy Contributes to Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:226-228. [PMID: 34328407 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0082le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Henneke
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Hossein A Ghofrani
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.,Imperial College London London, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Seeger
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health Giessen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Oleg Pak
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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43
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Dasgupta A, Chen KH, Lima PDA, Mewburn J, Wu D, Al-Qazazi R, Jones O, Tian L, Potus F, Bonnet S, Archer SL. PINK1-induced phosphorylation of mitofusin 2 at serine 442 causes its proteasomal degradation and promotes cell proliferation in lung cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21771. [PMID: 34275172 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100361r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial fusion, due in part to decreased mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression, contributes to unrestricted cell proliferation and apoptosis-resistance in hyperproliferative diseases like pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We hypothesized that Mfn2 levels are reduced due to increased proteasomal degradation of Mfn2 triggered by its phosphorylation at serine 442 (S442) and investigated the potential kinase mediators. Mfn2 expression was decreased and Mfn2 S442 phosphorylation was increased in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from PAH patients and in NSCLC cells. Mfn2 phosphorylation was mediated by PINK1 and protein kinase A (PKA), although only PINK1 expression was increased in these diseases. We designed a S442 phosphorylation deficient Mfn2 construct (PD-Mfn2) and a S442 constitutively phosphorylated Mfn2 construct (CP-Mfn2). The effects of these modified Mfn2 constructs on Mfn2 expression and biological function were compared with those of the wildtype Mfn2 construct (WT-Mfn2). WT-Mfn2 increased Mfn2 expression and mitochondrial fusion in both PAH and NSCLC cells resulting in increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation. Compared to WT-Mfn2, PD-Mfn2 caused greater Mfn2 expression, suppression of proliferation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest. Conversely, CP-Mfn2 caused only a small increase in Mfn2 expression and did not restore mitochondrial fusion, inhibit cell proliferation, or induce apoptosis. Silencing PINK1 or PKA, or proteasome blockade using MG132, increased Mfn2 expression, enhanced mitochondrial fusion and induced apoptosis. In a xenotransplantation NSCLC model, PD-Mfn2 gene therapy caused greater tumor regression than did therapy with WT-Mfn2. Mfn2 deficiency in PAH and NSCLC reflects proteasomal degradation triggered by Mfn2-S442 phosphorylation by PINK1 and/or PKA. Inhibiting Mfn2 phosphorylation has potential therapeutic benefit in PAH and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia D A Lima
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Department of Medicine, Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Mewburn
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ruaa Al-Qazazi
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Oliver Jones
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Department of Medicine, Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lian Tian
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francois Potus
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sebastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Department of Medicine, Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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44
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Wu D, Dasgupta A, Read AD, Bentley RET, Motamed M, Chen KH, Al-Qazazi R, Mewburn JD, Dunham-Snary KJ, Alizadeh E, Tian L, Archer SL. Oxygen sensing, mitochondrial biology and experimental therapeutics for pulmonary hypertension and cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:150-178. [PMID: 33450375 PMCID: PMC8217091 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The homeostatic oxygen sensing system (HOSS) optimizes systemic oxygen delivery. Specialized tissues utilize a conserved mitochondrial sensor, often involving NDUFS2 in complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, as a site of pO2-responsive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS are converted to a diffusible signaling molecule, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by superoxide dismutase (SOD2). H2O2 exits the mitochondria and regulates ion channels and enzymes, altering plasma membrane potential, intracellular Ca2+ and Ca2+-sensitization and controlling acute, adaptive, responses to hypoxia that involve changes in ventilation, vascular tone and neurotransmitter release. Subversion of this O2-sensing pathway creates a pseudohypoxic state that promotes disease progression in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cancer. Pseudohypoxia is a state in which biochemical changes, normally associated with hypoxia, occur despite normal pO2. Epigenetic silencing of SOD2 by DNA methylation alters H2O2 production, activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, thereby disrupting mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics, accelerating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Other epigenetic mechanisms, including dysregulation of microRNAs (miR), increase pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 expression in both diseases, favoring uncoupled aerobic glycolysis. This Warburg metabolic shift also accelerates cell proliferation and impairs apoptosis. Disordered mitochondrial dynamics, usually increased mitotic fission and impaired fusion, promotes disease progression in PAH and cancer. Epigenetic upregulation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and its binding partners, MiD49 and MiD51, contributes to the pathogenesis of PAH and cancer. Finally, dysregulation of intramitochondrial Ca2+, resulting from impaired mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) function, links abnormal mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. MiR-mediated decreases in MCUC function reduce intramitochondrial Ca2+, promoting Warburg metabolism, whilst increasing cytosolic Ca2+, promoting fission. Epigenetically disordered mitochondrial O2-sensing, metabolism, dynamics, and Ca2+ homeostasis offer new therapeutic targets for PAH and cancer. Promoting glucose oxidation, restoring the fission/fusion balance, and restoring mitochondrial calcium regulation are promising experimental therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Austin D Read
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rachel E T Bentley
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mehras Motamed
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kuang-Hueih Chen
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ruaa Al-Qazazi
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D Mewburn
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kimberly J Dunham-Snary
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elahe Alizadeh
- Queen's Cardiopulmonary Unit (QCPU), Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3J9, Canada
| | - Lian Tian
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, 94 Stuart St., Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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45
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Zhang L, Cao H, Tao H, Yang J, Gong W, Hu Q. Effect of the interference with DRP1 expression on the biological characteristics of glioma stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:696. [PMID: 33986860 PMCID: PMC8111867 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a model of glioma stem cells (GSCs) was established and combined with molecular targeting drugs in order to observe its inhibitory effect on the proliferation and biological characteristics of GSCs, with the aim of providing a potential target for the treatment of glioma. On the basis of a relatively classical induction strategy with neuron induction medium, a large number of GSC-like cells in good condition and globular growth were amplified in vitro, which had the potential to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes/glioma cells. It was observed that the interference with dynamin-related protein 1 expression using Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial mitotic inhibitor, at the optimal concentration, decreased the expression level of stem cell-associated genes, inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis in GSCs. The present study provided an experimental basis for a novel strategy of cancer treatment with tumor stem cells as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Huimei Cao
- Department of Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jijuan Yang
- Department of Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Qikuan Hu
- Department of Physiology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Basic Medical School of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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46
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Lopez-Crisosto C, Arias-Carrasco R, Sepulveda P, Garrido-Olivares L, Maracaja-Coutinho V, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, Lavandero S. Novel molecular insights and public omics data in pulmonary hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166200. [PMID: 34144090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a rare disease with high morbidity and mortality which mainly affects women of reproductive age. Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, the high heterogeneity in the presentation of the disease among different patients makes it difficult to make an accurate diagnosis and to apply this knowledge to effective treatments. Therefore, new studies are required to focus on translational and personalized medicine to overcome the lack of specificity and efficacy of current management. Here, we review the majority of public databases storing 'omics' data of pulmonary hypertension studies, from animal models to human patients. Moreover, we review some of the new molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including non-coding RNAs and the application of 'omics' data to understand this pathology, hoping that these new approaches will provide insights to guide the way to personalized diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Lopez-Crisosto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Raul Arias-Carrasco
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepulveda
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Garrido-Olivares
- Cardiovascular Surgery, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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47
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Fang X, Xie M, Liu X, He Y. CENPE contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:40-47. [PMID: 33862458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling is a pathological feature of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our results showed that centromere-associated protein E (CENPE) expression in PH patients and hypoxia-induced PH rats was significantly higher than that in normal controls. In addition, CENPE deficiency significantly inhibited the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy. Moreover, knocking out CENPE effectively inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in vivo. Furthermore, CENPE silencing by small interference significantly inhibited abnormal proliferation, apoptosis resistance, migration, and cell cycle arrest in hypoxia-induced PASMCs. Interestingly, we found that CENPE might exert its biological effect by targeting the transcription of CDK1 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Fang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiansheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yuanzhou He
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Key Lab of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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48
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Xin Y, Li J, Wu W, Liu X. Mitofusin-2: A New Mediator of Pathological Cell Proliferation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647631. [PMID: 33869201 PMCID: PMC8049505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation is an important cellular process for physiological tissue homeostasis and remodeling. The mechanisms of cell proliferation in response to pathological stresses are not fully understood. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose shape, number, and biological functions are modulated by mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission. Mitofusin-2 (Mfn-2) is an essential GTPase-related mitochondrial dynamics protein for maintaining mitochondrial network and bioenergetics. A growing body of evidence indicates that Mfn-2 has a potential role in regulating cell proliferation in various cell types. Here we review these new functions of Mfn-2, highlighting its crucial role in several signaling pathways during the process of pathological cell proliferation. We conclude that Mfn-2 could be a new mediator of pathological cell proliferation and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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49
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Gao P, Yan Z, Zhu Z. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:604240. [PMID: 33240899 PMCID: PMC7680862 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.604240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are physically connected to form dedicated structural domains known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs), which participate in fundamental biological processes, including lipid and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and other related cellular behaviors such as autophagy, ER stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Many studies have proved the importance of MAMs in maintaining the normal function of both organelles, and the abnormal amount, structure or function of MAMs is related to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we review the knowledge regarding the components of MAMs according to their different functions and the specific roles of MAMs in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, focusing on some highly prevalent cardiovascular diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion, diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic vascular diseases. Finally, we summarize the possible mechanisms of MAM in cardiovascular diseases and put forward some obstacles in the understanding of MAM function we may encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Cloonan SM, Kim K, Esteves P, Trian T, Barnes PJ. Mitochondrial dysfunction in lung ageing and disease. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200165. [PMID: 33060165 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0165-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biology has seen a surge in popularity in the past 5 years, with the emergence of numerous new avenues of exciting mitochondria-related research including immunometabolism, mitochondrial transplantation and mitochondria-microbe biology. Since the early 1960s mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in cells of the lung in individuals and in experimental models of chronic and acute respiratory diseases. However, it is only in the past decade with the emergence of more sophisticated tools and methodologies that we are beginning to understand how this enigmatic organelle regulates cellular homeostasis and contributes to disease processes in the lung. In this review, we highlight the diverse role of mitochondria in individual lung cell populations and what happens when these essential organelles become dysfunctional with ageing and in acute and chronic lung disease. Although much remains to be uncovered, we also discuss potential targeted therapeutics for mitochondrial dysfunction in the ageing and diseased lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Cloonan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Dept of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kihwan Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Dept of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Dépt de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Trian
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Dépt de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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