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Ghimire L, Paudel S, Le J, Jin L, Cai S, Bhattarai D, Jeyaseelan S. NLRP6 negatively regulates host defense against polymicrobial sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1248907. [PMID: 38720893 PMCID: PMC11078015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1248907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis remains a major cause of death in Intensive Care Units. Sepsis is a life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated systemic inflammatory response. Pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and NLRs contribute to innate immune responses. Upon activation, some NLRs form multimeric protein complexes in the cytoplasm termed "inflammasomes" which induce gasdermin d-mediated pyroptotic cell death and the release of mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18. The NLRP6 inflammasome is documented to be both a positive and a negative regulator of host defense in distinct infectious diseases. However, the role of NLRP6 in polymicrobial sepsis remains elusive. Methods We have used NLRP6 KO mice and human septic spleen samples to examine the role of NLRP6 in host defense in sepsis. Results NLRP6 KO mice display enhanced survival, reduced bacterial burden in the organs, and reduced cytokine/chemokine production. Co-housed WT and KO mice following sepsis show decreased bacterial burden in the KO mice as observed in singly housed groups. NLRP6 is upregulated in CD3, CD4, and CD8 cells of septic patients and septic mice. The KO mice showed a higher number of CD3, CD4, and CD8 positive T cell subsets and reduced T cell death in the spleen following sepsis. Furthermore, administration of recombinant IL-18, but not IL-1β, elicited excessive inflammation and reversed the survival advantages observed in NLRP6 KO mice. Conclusion These results unveil NLRP6 as a negative regulator of host defense during sepsis and offer novel insights for the development of new treatment strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Ghimire
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - John Le
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Liliang Jin
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Dinesh Bhattarai
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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2
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Han Y, Ge C, Ye J, Li R, Zhang Y. Demethyleneberberine alleviates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia by inhibiting the AIM2 inflammasome and oxidative stress. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 83:102259. [PMID: 37726074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pneumonia induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is characterized by massive infiltration of inflammatory cell and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which lead to severe and transient pulmonary inflammation and acute lung injury. However, P.aeruginosa infection is resistant to multiple antibiotics and causes high mortality in clinic, the search for alternative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is imperative. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of DMB, a novel derivative of berberine, and explore the role of AIM2 inflammasome in P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia. METHODS Acute pneumonia mice were established by tracheal injection of P. aeruginosa suspension. Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed by its appearance and H&E staining. The lung coefficient ratio was measured to evaluate pulmonary edema. Inflammatory factors were detected by qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. ROS and other indicators of oxidative damage were analyzed by flow cytometry and specific kit. Proteins related to AIM2 inflammasome were detected by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the P. aeruginosa-induced group, DMB ameliorated pulmonary edema, hyperemia, and pathological damage based on its appearance and H&E staining in DMB groups. First, DMB attenuated the inflammatory response induced by P.aeruginosa. Compared with the P. aeruginosa-induced group, the lung coefficient ratio was decreased by 31.5%, the MPO activity of lung tissue was decreased by 44.0%, the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased by 64.8%, 51.2% and 64.0% respectively, and those protein expression levels were decreased by 40.1%, 42.8% and 47.8% respectively, and the number of white blood cells, neutrophils and monocytes were decreased by 53.5%, 29.4% and 13.7% in high dose (200 mg/kg) DMB group. Second, DMB alleviates oxidative stress in the lung tissue during P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia. Compared with the P. aeruginosa-induced group, the level of GSH was increased by 42.5% and MDA was decreased by 49.5% in high dose DMB group. Moreover, the western blotting results showed that DMB markedly suppressed the expression of AIM2, ASC, Cleaved caspase1 and decreased the secretion of IL-1β. Additionally, these results were also confirmed by in vitro experiments using MH-S and BEAS-2B cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicated that DMB ameliorates P. aeruginosa-induced acute pneumonia through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, and inhibition of AIM2 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junmei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wisal A, Ullah A, Anwar W, Morel CM, Hassan SS. Whole genomic sequencing of Staphylococcus aureus strain RMI-014804 isolated from pulmonary patient sputum via next-generation sequencing technology. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e34. [PMID: 37813630 PMCID: PMC10584650 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections, commonly referred to as healthcare-associated infections, are illnesses that patients get while hospitalized and are typically either not yet manifest or may develop. One of the most prevalent nosocomial diseases in hospitalized patients is pneumonia, among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens cause pneumonia. More severe introductions commonly included Staphylococcus aureus, which is at the top of bacterial infections, per World Health Organization reports. The staphylococci, S. aureus, strain RMI-014804, mesophile, on-sporulating, and non-motile bacterium, was isolated from the sputum of a pulmonary patient in Pakistan. Many characteristics of S. aureus strain RMI-014804 have been revealed in this paper, with complete genome sequence and annotation. Our findings indicate that the genome is a single circular 2.82 Mbp long genome with 1,962 protein-coding genes, 15 rRNA, 49 tRNA, 62 pseudogenes, and a GC content of 28.76%. As a result of this genome sequencing analysis, researchers will fully understand the genetic and molecular basis of the virulence of the S. aureus bacteria, which could help prevent the spread of nosocomial infections like pneumonia. Genome analysis of this strain was necessary to identify the specific genes and molecular mechanisms that contribute to its pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity, allowing for a more in-depth investigation of its pathogenesis to develop new treatments and preventive measures against infections caused by this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Wisal
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 25000, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 25000, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Anwar
- Department of Pulmonology, Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar, KP 25000, Pakistan
| | - Carlos M. Morel
- Centre for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Building "Expansão", 8th floor room 814, Av. Brasil 4036 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Syed Shah Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, KP 25000, Pakistan
- Centre for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Building "Expansão", 8th floor room 814, Av. Brasil 4036 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-361, Brazil
- Jamil–ur–Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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4
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Le J, Kulatheepan Y, Jeyaseelan S. Role of toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in acute lung infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249098. [PMID: 37662905 PMCID: PMC10469605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system exposed to microorganisms continuously, and the pathogenicity of these microbes not only contingent on their virulence factors, but also the host's immunity. A multifaceted innate immune mechanism exists in the respiratory tract to cope with microbial infections and to decrease tissue damage. The key cell types of the innate immune response are macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Both the myeloid and structural cells of the respiratory system sense invading microorganisms through binding or activation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). The recognition of microbes and subsequent activation of PRRs triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of transcription factors, induction of cytokines/5chemokines, upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, recruitment of immune cells, and subsequent microbe clearance. Since numerous microbes resist antimicrobial agents and escape innate immune defenses, in the future, a comprehensive strategy consisting of newer vaccines and novel antimicrobials will be required to control microbial infections. This review summarizes key findings in the area of innate immune defense in response to acute microbial infections in the lung. Understanding the innate immune mechanisms is critical to design host-targeted immunotherapies to mitigate excessive inflammation while controlling microbial burden in tissues following lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Le
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yathushigan Kulatheepan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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5
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Yi XX, Zhou HF, He Y, Yang C, Yu L, Wan HT, Chen J. The potential mechanism of the Ruhao Dashi formula in treating acute pneumonia via network pharmacology and molecular docking. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33276. [PMID: 36930096 PMCID: PMC10019263 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pneumonia (AP) has a high seasonal prevalence every year, which seriously threatens the lives and health of patients. Six traditional Chinese medicines in Ruhao Dashi formula (RDF) have excellent antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral effects. RDF is commonly used in the clinical treatment of AP. However, the mechanism and target of RDF are unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to use network pharmacology and molecular docking to evaluate the target and mechanism of RDF in the treatment of AP. METHODS The Herbs and Disease Gene databases were searched to identify common targets of AP and RDF. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analyses were performed to identify the potential molecular mechanisms behind RDF. Molecular docking was performed to compare the binding activities of the active molecules with that of the target protein. RESULTS The "drug-component-common target" network contained 64 active compounds and 134 targets. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that RDF could act by regulating cell death, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and hypoxic response. The PPI network and "pathway-target" network identified 31 core targets. Molecular docking revealed that the 14 active ingredients of RDF bind vigorously to the core targets. CONCLUSION Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, we found that RDF contains 14 active components and 31 core AP targets. These targets were linked to the development of an antiinflammatory response and could be used to develop new drugs to treat AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Yi
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fen Zhou
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Yang
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tong Wan
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Hollwedel FD, Maus R, Stolper J, Jonigk D, Hildebrand CB, Welte T, Brandenberger C, Maus UA. Neutrophilic Pleuritis Is a Severe Complication of Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia in Old Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:2172-2180. [PMID: 36426980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pathomechanisms underlying the frequently observed fatal outcome of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in elderly patients are understudied. In this study, we examined the early antibacterial immune response in young mice (age 2-3 mo) as compared with old mice (age 18-19 mo) postinfection with K. pneumoniae. Old mice exhibited significantly higher bacterial loads in lungs and bacteremia as early as 24 h postinfection compared with young mice, with neutrophilic pleuritis nearly exclusively developing in old but not young mice. Moreover, we observed heavily increased cytokine responses in lungs and pleural spaces along with increased mortality in old mice. Mechanistically, Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β secretion contributed to the observed hyperinflammation, which decreased upon caspase-1 inhibitor treatment of K. pneumoniae-infected old mice. Irradiated old mice transplanted with the bone marrow of young mice did not show hyperinflammation or early bacteremia in response to K. pneumoniae. Collectively, the accentuated lung pathology observed in K. pneumoniae-infected old mice appears to be due to regulatory defects of the bone marrow but not the lung, while involving dysregulated activation of the Nlrp3/caspase-1/IL-1β axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke D Hollwedel
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional Anatomy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Cai Y, Folkerts G, Braber S. Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides: A Novel Treatment for Respiratory Infections? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235033. [PMID: 36501062 PMCID: PMC9736878 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections requires novel intervention strategies. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are a diverse group of carbohydrates with broad protective effects. In addition to promoting the colonization of beneficial gut microbiota and maintaining the intestinal homeostasis, NDOs act as decoy receptors, effectively blocking the attachment of pathogens on host cells. NDOs also function as a bacteriostatic agent, inhibiting the growth of specific pathogenic bacteria. Based on this fact, NDOs potentiate the actions of antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in characterizing the anti-infective properties of NDOs. This focused review provides insights into the mechanisms by which representative NDOs may suppress respiratory infections by targeting pathogens and host cells. We summarized the most interesting mechanisms of NDOs, including maintenance of gut microbiota homeostasis, interference with TLR-mediated signaling, anti-oxidative effects and bacterial toxin neutralization, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, and anti-adhesion or anti-invasive properties. A detailed understanding of anti-infective mechanisms of NDOs against respiratory pathogens may contribute to the development of add-on therapy or alternatives to antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (S.B.)
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8
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Liang Z, Wang Y, Lai Y, Zhang J, Yin L, Yu X, Zhou Y, Li X, Song Y. Host defense against the infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae: New strategy to kill the bacterium in the era of antibiotics? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1050396. [PMID: 36506034 PMCID: PMC9730340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a typical gram-negative iatrogenic bacterium that often causes bacteremia, pneumonia and urinary tract infection particularly among those with low immunity. Although antibiotics is the cornerstone of anti-infections, the clinical efficacy of β-lactamase and carbapenems drugs has been weakened due to the emergence of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Recent studies have demonstrated that host defense plays a critical role in killing K. pneumoniae. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immunity mechanisms against K. pneumoniae, including mechanical barrier, innate immune cells, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, providing a theoretical basis and the new strategy for the clinical treatment of K. pneumoniae through improving host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yiyao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yixiang Lai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Lanlan Yin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yongqin Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,*Correspondence: Yinhong Song, ; Xinzhi Li,
| | - Yinhong Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,College of Basic Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China,*Correspondence: Yinhong Song, ; Xinzhi Li,
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9
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Safdarpour S, Eftekhari Z, Eidi A, Doroud D. Encapsulated saponin by ferritin nanoparticles attenuates the murine pneumococcal pneumonia. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105731. [PMID: 36041710 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumonia is classified as a gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes asymptomatic or symptomatic respiratory infections. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of designed encapsulated saponin by ferritin nanoparticles in the healing progression of experimental bacterial pneumonia. The saponin encapsulated by ferritin followed the disassembly-reassembly process. Pneumonia was induced by the preparation of Streptococcus pneumonia. A total of 50 NMRI mice were divided into control, pneumonia, pneumonia + ferritin, pneumonia + saponin, and pneumonia + encapsulated saponin by ferritin nanoparticles (Nano Saponin) groups. ELISA, Real-time PCR, and Western blotting were used to measure sera IL-4 level, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α), and protein cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression, respectively. COX-2 protein expression, Tnf-α gene expression, and serum levels of IL-4 reduced compared to the pneumonia group. The histopathology results revealed that the rates of inflammation, mucus secretion, pulmonary hemorrhage, thickening of the alveoli wall, and secretion of inflammatory cells were lower in the Nano Saponin group than in the other groups. This study suggests that Glycyrrhiza glabra saponin and encapsulated saponin by ferritin nanoparticles oral consumption with anti-Tnf-α effect besides decreasing protein expression of COX-2 allows mice with pneumonia to recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Safdarpour
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohre Eftekhari
- Quality Control Department, Research & Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Alborz, Iran.
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Research & Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Alborz, Iran
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10
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Tang H, Hao S, Khan MF, Zhao L, Shi F, Li Y, Guo H, Zou Y, Lv C, Luo J, Zeng Z, Wu Q, Ye G. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Ameliorates Acute Lung Damage by Inhibiting Quorum-Sensing-Related Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:874354. [PMID: 35547130 PMCID: PMC9083413 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.874354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The superbug Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the most formidable antibiotic-resistant pathogens. With declining options for antibiotic-resistant infections, new medicines are of utmost importance to combat with P. aeruginosa. In our previous study, we demonstrated that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can inhibit the production of quorum sensing (QS)-regulated virulence factors in vitro. Accordingly, the protective effect and molecular mechanisms of EGCG against P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia were studied in a mouse model. The results indicated that EGCG significantly lessened histopathological changes and increased the survival rates of mice infected with P. aeruginosa. EGCG effectively alleviated lung injury by reducing the expression of virulence factors and bacterial burden. In addition, EGCG downregulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-17, and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Thus, the experimental results supported for the first time that EGCG improved lung damage in P. aeruginosa infection by inhibiting the production of QS-related virulence factors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suqi Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Faraz Khan
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Open Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, China.,Engineering Research Center of the Medicinal Diet Industry, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, China
| | - Ze Zeng
- National Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Open Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Agricultural College, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Wang B, Zhou C, Wu Q, Lin P, Pu Q, Qin S, Gao P, Wang Z, Liu Y, Arel J, Chen Y, Chen T, Wu M. cGAS modulates cytokine secretion and bacterial burdens by altering the release of mitochondrial DNA in Pseudomonas pulmonary infection. Immunology 2022; 166:408-423. [PMID: 35420160 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is essential for fighting against viruses and bacteria, but how cGAS is involved in host immune response remains largely elusive. Here, we uncover the crucial role of cGAS in host immunity based on a Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection model. cGAS-/- mice showed more heavy bacterial burdens and serious lung injury accompanied with exorbitant proinflammatory cytokines than wild-type mice. cGAS deficiency caused an accumulation of mitochondrial DNA in cytoplasm, which in turn induced excessive secretion of proinflammatory factors by activating inflammasome and TLR9 signaling. Mechanistically, cGAS deficiency inhibited the recruitment of LC3 by reducing the binding capacity of TBK-1 to p62, leading to impaired mitophagy and augmented release of mitochondrial DNA. Importantly, cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA also acted as a feedback signal that induced the activation of cGAS. Altogether, these findings identify protective and homeostasis functions of cGAS against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, adding significant insight into the pathogenesis of bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Chuanmin Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,Wuhan University School of Health Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Shugang Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jacob Arel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Yanjiong Chen
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Teng Chen
- Forensic Medicine College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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12
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Nagre N, Nicholson G, Cong X, Lockett J, Pearson AC, Chan V, Kim WK, Vinod KY, Catravas JD. Activation of cannabinoid-2 receptor protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced acute lung injury and inflammation. Respir Res 2022; 23:326. [PMID: 36463179 PMCID: PMC9719649 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial pneumonia is a major risk factor for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), an opportunistic pathogen with an increasing resistance acquired against multiple drugs, is one of the main causative agents of ALI and ARDS in diverse clinical settings. Given the anti-inflammatory role of the cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2R), the effect of CB2R activation in the regulation of PA-induced ALI and inflammation was tested in a mouse model as an alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy. METHODS In order to activate CB2R, a selective synthetic agonist, JWH133, was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to C57BL/6J mice. Furthermore, SR144528 (a selective CB2R antagonist) was administered in combination with JWH133 to test the specificity of the CB2R-mediated effect. PA was administered intratracheally (i.t.) for induction of pneumonia in mice. At 24 h after PA exposure, lung mechanics were measured using the FlexiVent system. The total cell number, protein content, and neutrophil population in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The bacterial load in the whole lung was also measured. Lung injury was evaluated by histological examination and PA-induced inflammation was assessed by measuring the levels of BALF cytokines and chemokines. Neutrophil activation (examined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot) and PA-induced inflammatory signaling (analyzed by immunoblot) were also studied. RESULTS CB2R activation by JWH133 was found to significantly reduce PA-induced ALI and the bacterial burden. CB2R activation also suppressed the PA-induced increase in immune cell infiltration, neutrophil population, and inflammatory cytokines. These effects were abrogated by a CB2R antagonist, SR144528, further confirming the specificity of the CB2R-mediated effects. CB2R-knock out (CB2RKO) mice had a significantly higher level of PA-induced inflammation as compared to that in WT mice. CB2R activation diminished the excess activation of neutrophils, whereas mice lacking CB2R had elevated neutrophil activation. Pharmacological activation of CB2R significantly reduced the PA-induced NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, whereas CB2KO mice had elevated NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that CB2R activation ameliorates PA-induced lung injury and inflammation, thus paving the path for new therapeutic avenues against PA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- grid.255414.30000 0001 2182 3733Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA
| | - Gregory Nicholson
- grid.255414.30000 0001 2182 3733Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- grid.255414.30000 0001 2182 3733Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA
| | - Janette Lockett
- grid.255414.30000 0001 2182 3733Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA
| | - Andrew C. Pearson
- grid.255414.30000 0001 2182 3733Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA
| | - Vincent Chan
- grid.255414.30000 0001 2182 3733Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- grid.255414.30000 0001 2182 3733Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507 USA
| | - K. Yaragudri Vinod
- grid.250263.00000 0001 2189 4777Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY USA
| | - John D. Catravas
- grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA ,grid.261368.80000 0001 2164 3177School of Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA
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13
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Soriano-Teruel PM, García‑Laínez G, Marco-Salvador M, Pardo J, Arias M, DeFord C, Merfort I, Vicent MJ, Pelegrín P, Sancho M, Orzáez M. Identification of an ASC oligomerization inhibitor for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1155. [PMID: 34903717 PMCID: PMC8667020 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)) protein is an scaffold component of different inflammasomes, intracellular multiprotein platforms of the innate immune system that are activated in response to pathogens or intracellular damage. The formation of ASC specks, initiated by different inflammasome receptors, promotes the recruitment and activation of procaspase-1, thereby triggering pyroptotic inflammatory cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Here we describe MM01 as the first-in-class small-molecule inhibitor of ASC that interferes with ASC speck formation. MM01 inhibition of ASC oligomerization prevents activation of procaspase-1 in vitro and inhibits the activation of different ASC-dependent inflammasomes in cell lines and primary cultures. Furthermore, MM01 inhibits inflammation in vivo in a mouse model of inflammasome-induced peritonitis. Overall, we highlight MM01 as a novel broad-spectrum inflammasome inhibitor for the potential treatment of multifactorial diseases involving the dysregulation of multiple inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M. Soriano-Teruel
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XTargeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain ,grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XPolymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo García‑Laínez
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XTargeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Marco-Salvador
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XTargeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón (CIBA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Aragón (CIBA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian DeFord
- grid.5963.9Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- grid.5963.9Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - María J. Vicent
- grid.418274.c0000 0004 0399 600XPolymer Therapeutics Lab., Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- grid.411372.20000 0001 0534 3000Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mónica Sancho
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain.
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14
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Cai Y, Gilbert MS, Gerrits WJ, Folkerts G, Braber S. Galacto-oligosaccharides alleviate lung inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro. J Adv Res 2021; 39:305-318. [PMID: 35777914 PMCID: PMC9263649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GOS suppress both local and systemic inflammation in lung infections. GOS reduce the M. haemolytica positivity in calves with lung infections. GOS inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro. GOS decrease ATP production in PBECs induced by M. haemolytica. Direct anti-oxidative effects of GOS on lung cells are involved.
Introduction Objectives Methods Results Conclusion
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15
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Wang S, Tan Y, Yang T, Liu C, Li R. Pulmonary AngII promotes LPS-induced lung inflammation by regulating microRNA-143. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:745-754. [PMID: 34493899 PMCID: PMC8414951 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a terminal carboxypeptidase, which cleaves single terminal residues from several bioactive peptides such as Angiotensin II (AngII). Many investigations indicated that ACE2 functions in angiotensin system and plays a crucial role in inflammatory lung diseases. However, the mechanism behind the involvement of ACE2 in inflammatory lung disease has not been fully elucidated. In this study, BEAS-2B cells were treated with gradient concentration of AngII and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory condition. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the level of ACE2 and miR-143-3p. Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to measure the expression of related proteins. The levels of inflammatory cytokines and cell viability were respectively measured by ELISA and CCK-8 kits. And ACE2 activity was detected by corresponding commercial kits. Bioinformatics methods were employed to predict the potential microRNA targeting ACE2, which was then confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that ACE2 expression and activity were time-dependently decreased in LPS group for the first 12 h, after which this tendency was reversed. AngII addition enhanced these effects, compared with LPS group. Additionally, the lowest ACE2 activity level was found in both LPS and AngII + LPS groups at 6 h. The number of nuclei and the ACE2 expression were decreased in LPS groups at 6 h and further reduced by addition of AngII, detected by immunofluorescence. Moreover, ACE2 was validated to be a direct target of miR-143-3p. Pretreatment of AngII and LPS regulated the activity of ACE2, increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis and regulated the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in BEAS-2B cells, which could be reversed by transfecting miR-143-3p inhibitor. The results collectively suggest that AngII promotes LPS-induced inflammation by regulating miR-143-3p in BEAS-2B cells. Therefore, miR-143-3p is considered a potential molecular target for the treatment of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Wang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
| | - Yan Tan
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
| | - Chen Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
| | - Rufang Li
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032 Yunnan China
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16
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Airway Epithelial Hepcidin Coordinates Lung Macrophages and Immunity Against Bacterial Pneumonia. Shock 2021; 54:402-412. [PMID: 31743298 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepcidin is a liver-derived master regulator of iron metabolism through its molecular target ferroportin, the only known mammalian iron exporter. Accumulated evidence has shown the important roles of hepatic hepcidin in host defense and infections. Hepcidin is also expressed by airway epithelial cells. However, the function of epithelial hepcidin during bacterial pneumonia remains unknown. METHODS Pneumonia was induced in hepcidin-1-deficient and wild-type mice using the most common bacterial agents, and the effects of hepcidin on survival, bacterial burden, iron status, and macrophage phagocytosis after bacterial pneumonia were assessed. RESULTS Hepcidin levels decreased in airway epithelium during common pneumonia, while lung macrophage-derived ferroportin levels and pulmonary iron concentrations increased. Lack of hepcidin in the airway epithelium worsened the outcomes of pneumonia. Manipulation of hepcidin level in the airway epithelium in mice with macrophage-specific ferroportin deletion did not affect the progress of pneumonia. Increased pulmonary iron concentration not only facilitated bacterial growth but also led to the defective phagocytic function of lung macrophages via activation of RhoA GTPase through oxidation of RhoGDI. Furthermore, enhancing the hepcidin level in the airway epithelium rescued mice from lethal bacterial pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify an uncharacterized important role of airway epithelial hepcidin in protection against bacterial pneumonia and provide the basis for novel alternative therapeutic strategies for combatting bacterial pneumonia in future translational research.
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17
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Jeansonne D, Jeyaseelan S. Gain-of-Function Polymorphisms in Human Inflammasomes: Implications for Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:126-127. [PMID: 34033526 PMCID: PMC8399577 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0183ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duane Jeansonne
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine Baton Rouge, Louisiana.,Department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, Louisiana
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18
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Cai S, Paudel S, Jin L, Ghimire L, Taylor CM, Wakamatsu N, Bhattarai D, Jeyaseelan S. NLRP6 modulates neutrophil homeostasis in bacterial pneumonia-derived sepsis. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:574-584. [PMID: 33230225 PMCID: PMC8084869 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. Optimum neutrophil recruitment and their function are critical defense mechanisms against respiratory pathogens. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLRP) 6 controls gut microbiota and immune response to systemic and enteric infections. However, the importance of NLRP6 in neutrophil homeostasis following lung infection remains elusive. To investigate the role of NLRs in neutrophil homeostasis, we used Nlrp6 gene-deficient (Nlrp6-/-) mice in a model of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia-derived sepsis. We demonstrated that NLRP6 is critical for host survival, bacterial clearance, neutrophil influx, and CXC-chemokine production. Kp-infected Nlrp6-/- mice have reduced numbers of hematopoietic stem cells and granulocyte-monocyte progenitors but increased retention of matured neutrophils in bone marrow. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and NET-mediated bacterial killing were also impaired in Nlrp6-/- neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, recombinant CXCL1 rescued the impaired host defense, granulopoietic response, and NETosis in Kp-infected Nlrp6-/- mice. Using A/J background mice and co-housing experiments, our findings revealed that the susceptible phenotype of Nlrp6-/- mice is not strain-specific and gut microbiota-dependent. Taken together, these data unveil NLRP6 as a central regulator of neutrophil recruitment, generation, and function during bacterial pneumonia followed by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cai
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Liliang Jin
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Christopher M. Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Nobuko Wakamatsu
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Dinesh Bhattarai
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112,Address Correspondence: S. Jeyaseelan, DVM, PhD, Professor and Director, Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Pathobiological Sciences, LSU, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; Phone: 225-578-9524; Fax: 225-578-9701;
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19
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Graustein AD, Berrington WR, Buckingham KJ, Nguyen FK, Joudeh LL, Rosenfeld M, Bamshad MJ, Gibson RL, Hawn TR, Emond MJ. Inflammasome Genetic Variants, Macrophage Function, and Clinical Outcomes in Cystic Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:157-166. [PMID: 33848452 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0257oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic airway infection, inflammation, and tissue damage that lead to progressive respiratory failure. NLRP3 and NLRC4 are cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors that activate the inflammasome, initiating a caspase-1-mediated response. We hypothesized that gain-of-function inflammasome responses are associated with worse outcomes in children with CF. We genotyped nonsynonymous variants in NLRP3 and the NLRC4 pathway from individuals in the EPIC (Early Pseudomonas Infection Control) Observational Study cohort and tested for association with CF outcomes. We generated knockouts of NLRP3 and NLRC4 in human macrophage-like cells and rescued knockouts with wild-type or variant forms of NLRP3 and NLRC4. We identified a SNP in NLRP3, p.(Q705K), that was associated with a higher rate of P. aeruginosa colonization (N = 609; P = 0.01; hazard ratio, 2.3 [Cox model]) and worsened lung function over time as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (N = 445; P = 0.001 [generalized estimating equation]). We identified a SNP in NLRC4, p.(A929S), that was associated with a lower rate of P. aeruginosa colonization as part of a composite of rare variants (N = 405; P = 0.045; hazard ratio, 0.68 [Cox model]) and that was individually associated with protection from lung function decline (P < 0.001 [generalized estimating equation]). Rescue of the NLRP3 knockout with the p.(Q705K) variant produced significantly more IL-1β in response to NLRP3 stimulation than rescue with the wild type (P = 0.020 [Student's t test]). We identified a subset of children with CF at higher risk of early lung disease progression. Knowledge of these genetic modifiers could guide therapies targeting inflammasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine and
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine.,Department of Genome Sciences, and.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ronald L Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine and
| | | | - Mary J Emond
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
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20
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Samadder S. Immunopathological Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Critical and Non-critical Pneumonia Patients: A Systematic Review to Determine the Cause of Co-infection. Front Public Health 2021; 8:544993. [PMID: 33634060 PMCID: PMC7899999 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.544993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic originating from Wuhan, China is causing major fatalities across the world. Viral pneumonia is commonly observed in COVID-19 pandemic. The number of deaths caused by viral pneumonia is mainly due to secondary bacterial or fungal infection. The immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia is poorly understood with reference to human clinical data collected from patients infected by virus and secondary bacterial or fungal infection occurring simultaneously. The co-infection inside the lungs caused by pneumonia has direct impact on the changing lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Understanding the attribution of these two immunological cells triggered by cytokines level change is of great importance to identify the progression of pneumonia from non-severe to severe state in hospitalized patients. This review elaborates the cytokines imbalance observed in SARS-CoV-1 (2003 epidemic), SARS-CoV-2 (2019 pandemic) viral pneumonia and community acquired pneumonia (CAP), respectively, in patients to determine the potential reason of co-infection. In this review the epidemiology, virology, clinical symptoms, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia are narrated. The immune activation during SARS-CoV-1 pneumonia, bacterial, and fungal pneumonia is discussed. Here it is further analyzed with the available literatures to predict the potential internal medicines, prognosis and monitoring suggesting better treatment strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia patients.
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21
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Zhang H, He F, Li P, Hardwidge PR, Li N, Peng Y. The Role of Innate Immunity in Pulmonary Infections. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6646071. [PMID: 33553427 PMCID: PMC7847335 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity forms a protective line of defense in the early stages of pulmonary infection. The primary cellular players of the innate immunity against respiratory infections are alveolar macrophages (AMs), dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). They recognize conserved structures of microorganisms through membrane-bound and intracellular receptors to initiate appropriate responses. In this review, we focus on the prominent roles of innate immune cells and summarize transmembrane and cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling recognition mechanisms during pulmonary microbial infections. Understanding the mechanisms of PRR signal recognition during pulmonary pathogen infections will help us to understand pulmonary immunopathology and lay a foundation for the development of effective therapies to treat and/or prevent pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Li LL, Zhu YG, Jia XM, Liu D, Qu JM. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorating Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced Acute Lung Infection via Inhibition of NLRC4 Inflammasome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:581535. [PMID: 33489931 PMCID: PMC7820751 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.581535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common Gram-negative bacteria causing hospital-acquired pulmonary infection, with high drug resistance and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to introduce new non-antibiotic treatment strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as important members of the stem cell family, were demonstrated to alleviate pathological damage in acute lung injury. However, the potential mechanism how MSC alleviate acute lung infection caused by PA remains unclear. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on acute pulmonary infections and the possible mechanisms how ASCs reduce pulmonary inflammation induced by PA. Methods The therapeutic and mechanistic effects of ASCs on PA pulmonary infection were evaluated respectively in a murine model as well as in an in vitro model stimulated by PA and co-cultured with ASCs. Results 1. ASCs treatment significantly reduced the bacterial load, inflammation of lung tissue and histopathological damage by PA. 2. PA infection mainly activated Nod-like receptor containing a caspase activating and recruitment domain 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome in the lung of mice. ASCs attenuated acute lung infection in mice by inhibiting NLRC4 inflammasome activation. 3. NLRC4-/- mice showed a significant improvement in survival rate and lung bacterial load after PA infection. 4. ASCs mainly increased expression and secretion of STC-1 in response to PA-stimulated NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Conclusions PA infection attenuated macrophage phagocytosis through activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophages, which eventually led to pulmonary inflammatory damage in mouse; ASCs reduced the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome in macrophages induced by PA infection, thereby increasing the phagocytic ability of macrophages, and ultimately improving lung tissue damage in mouse; ASCs may inhibit NLRC4 inflammasome through the secretion of STC-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Gang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ming Jia
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Bayu D, Mekonnen A, Mohammed J, Bodena D. Magnitude of Streptococcus pneumoniae Among Under-Five Children with Symptom of Acute Respiratory Infection at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia: Associated Risk Factors and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns. Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2919-2925. [PMID: 33328771 PMCID: PMC7734074 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s283860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Streptococcus pneumoniae is the major cause of pneumoniae infection among under-five children that leads to high morbidity and mortality. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of Streptococcus pneumoniae in under-five children of an acute respiratory infection, assess its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and define the associated factors. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 384 under-five children of acute respiratory infection attending outpatient department of Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Ethiopia, from March 1 to 30, 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from the study participants using a structured questionnaire. Sputum samples were collected and processed to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogen using the culture and biochemical tests as per the standard procedures. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by using Statistical Product and Service Solutions version 22. Results The proportion of Streptococcus pneumoniae in under-five children with acute respiratory infection was 11.2%. About 50% of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae was resistant to tetracycline and cotrimoxazole, whereas more than 90% of it was susceptible to Ceftriaxone and amoxicillin-clavulanate. Children who lived in rural areas were 3.6 times more likely to have S. pneumoniae compared to children who lived in urban areas (AOR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.2-11) and children with familysmokers in a house were 3 times at risk to be infected with S. pneumoniae (AOR: 3, 95% CI: 1.8-8.0). Conclusion High antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae against tetracycline and cotrimoxazole was observed and children who lived in rural areas and live with a family of cigarette smoker are factors associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, providing health educations to the family of children rural residents and isolating smokers from the house where children lived are recommended actions to reduce bacteria caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejene Bayu
- Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abiyu Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Menelik-II College of Health and Medical Sciences, Kotobe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Mohammed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dagne Bodena
- Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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24
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Cardioncology: From Cardiometabolic Risk Factors to Outcomes in Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113316. [PMID: 33182653 PMCID: PMC7697868 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible viral illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been defined by the World Health Organization as a pandemic, considering its remarkable transmission speed worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and TMPRSS2, which is a serine protease both expressed in lungs, the gastro-intestinal tract, and cardiac myocytes. Patients with COVID-19 experienced adverse cardiac events (hypertension, venous thromboembolism, arrhythmia, myocardial injury, fulminant myocarditis), and patients with previous cardiovascular disease have a higher risk of death. Cancer patients are extremely vulnerable with a high risk of viral infection and more negative prognosis than healthy people, and the magnitude of effects depends on the type of cancer, recent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery and other concomitant comorbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome). Patients with active cancer or those treated with cardiotoxic therapies may have heart damages exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2 infection than non-cancer patients. We highlight the cardiovascular side effects of COVID-19 focusing on the main outcomes in cancer patients in updated perspective and retrospective studies. We focus on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors in non-cancer and cancer patients and provide recommendations aimed to reduce cardiovascular events, morbidity, and mortality.
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25
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Hollwedel FD, Maus R, Stolper J, Khan A, Stocker BL, Timmer MSM, Lu X, Pich A, Welte T, Yamasaki S, Maus UA. Overexpression of Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin Mincle Aggravates Proinflammatory Responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae with Fatal Outcome in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3390-3399. [PMID: 33158955 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle)-dependent sensing of pathogens triggers proinflammatory immune responses in professional phagocytes that contribute to protecting the host against pathogen invasion. In this study, we examined whether overexpression of Mincle that is designed to improve early pathogen sensing by professional phagocytes would improve lung-protective immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae in mice. Proteomic profiling of alveolar macrophages of Mincle transgenic (tg) mice stimulated with the Mincle-specific pneumococcal ligand glucosyl-diacylglycerol (Glc-DAG) revealed increased Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and downstream IL-1β cytokine release that was not observed in Glc-DAG-stimulated Mincle knockout or Nlrp3 knockout macrophages. Along this line, Mincle tg mice also responded with a stronger Nlrp3 expression and early proinflammatory cytokine release after challenge with S. pneumoniae, ultimately leading to fatal pneumonia in the Mincle tg mice. Importantly, Nlrp3 inhibitor treatment of Mincle tg mice significantly mitigated the observed hyperinflammatory response to pneumococcal challenge. Together, we show that overexpression of the pattern recognition receptor Mincle triggers increased Glc-DAG-dependent Nlrp3 inflammasome activation in professional phagocytes leading to fatal pneumococcal pneumonia in mice that is amenable to Nlrp3 inhibitor treatment. These data show that ectopic expression of the Mincle receptor confers increased susceptibility rather than resistance to S. pneumoniae in mice, thus highlighting the importance of an inducible Mincle receptor expression in response to microbial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke D Hollwedel
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jennifer Stolper
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Ayesha Khan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L Stocker
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Mattie S M Timmer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Xiuyuan Lu
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology and Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover 30625, Germany; and.,Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany; .,German Center for Lung Research, Partner Site Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, Hannover 30625, Germany; and
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26
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Pan X, Wu W. Murine Acute Pneumonia Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3805. [PMID: 33659459 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal infection models play significant roles in studying bacterial pathogenic mechanisms, host pathogen interaction as well as evaluating drug and vaccine efficacies. We have been utilizing an acute pneumonia model to study bacterial colonization in lungs and assess virulence to the host by determination of bacterial loads and survival assays, as well as examine the bacterial gene expression in vivo. Additionally, the host's immune response to the pathogen can be explored through this infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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27
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Kumrungsee T, Zhang P, Chartkul M, Yanaka N, Kato N. Potential Role of Vitamin B6 in Ameliorating the Severity of COVID-19 and Its Complications. Front Nutr 2020; 7:562051. [PMID: 33195363 PMCID: PMC7658555 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.562051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Medicine and School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Maesaya Chartkul
- Emergency Department, Bangkok Chanthaburi Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand
- Emergency Department, King Prajadhipok Memorial Hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norihisa Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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28
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Ghimire L, Paudel S, Jin L, Jeyaseelan S. The NLRP6 inflammasome in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:388-398. [PMID: 31988468 PMCID: PMC7493825 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NACHT, LRR (leucine-rich repeat), and PYD (pyrin domain) domain-containing 6 (Nlrp6) is a member of the NLR (nucleotide-oligomerization domain-like receptor) family that patrols the cytosolic compartment of cells to detect pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns. Because Nlrp6 is a recently discovered inflammasome, details of its signaling mechanism, structural assembly, and roles in host defense have yet to be determined. To date, Nlrp6 has been proposed to perform a multitude of functions ranging from control of microbiota, maintenance of epithelial integrity, and regulation of metabolic diseases to modulation of host defense during microbial infections, cancer protection, and regulation of neuroinflammation. While recent studies have questioned some of the proposed functions of Nlrp6, Nlrp6 has been shown to form an inflammasome complex and cleaves interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 during microbial infection, indicating that it is a bonafide inflammasome. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in knowledge of the signaling mechanisms and structure of the Nlrp6 inflammasome and discuss the relevance of NLRP6 to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Ghimire
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Liliang Jin
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Lung Biology and Disease, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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29
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Ghimire L, Jeyaseelan S. Kiss of Death: Ring Finger 216 Regulates Toll-like Receptor 8 Stability through Ubiquitination. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:125-127. [PMID: 31414897 PMCID: PMC6993538 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0272ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Ghimire
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease.,Department of Pathobiological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, Louisianaand
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Center for Lung Biology and Disease.,Department of Pathobiological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, Louisianaand.,Department of MedicineLSU Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, Louisiana
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30
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Farag NS, Breitinger U, Breitinger HG, El Azizi MA. Viroporins and inflammasomes: A key to understand virus-induced inflammation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 122:105738. [PMID: 32156572 PMCID: PMC7102644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The article provides a summary on cellular receptors involved in virus immunity. It summarizes key findings on viroporins, a novel class of viral proteins and their role in the virus life cycle and host cell interactions. It presents an overview of the current understanding of inflammasomes complex activation, with special focus on NLRP3. It discusses the correlation between viroporins and inflammasomes activation and aggravated inflammatory cytokines production.
Viroporins are virus encoded proteins that alter membrane permeability and can trigger subsequent cellular signals. Oligomerization of viroporin subunits results in formation of a hydrophilic pore which facilitates ion transport across host cell membranes. These viral channel proteins may be involved in different stages of the virus infection cycle. Inflammasomes are large multimolecular complexes best recognized for their ability to control activation of caspase-1, which in turn regulates the maturation of interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). IL-1β was originally identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine able to induce both local and systemic inflammation and a febrile reaction in response to infection or injury. Excessive production of IL-1β is associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Microbial derivatives, bacterial pore-forming toxins, extracellular ATP and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns trigger activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Recent studies have reported that viroporin activity is capable of inducing inflammasome activity and production of IL-1β, where NLRP3 is shown to be regulated by fluxes of K+, H+ and Ca2+ in addition to reactive oxygen species, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the key findings on viroporin activity with special emphasis on their role in virus immunity and as possible activators of inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Farag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, German University inCairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
| | - U Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - H G Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - M A El Azizi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, German University inCairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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31
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Abstract
Innate pattern recognition receptors have been implicated in the obesity-associated imbalance of gut microbiota. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Truax et al. (2018) report that NLRP12 prevents high-fat-diet-induced obesity by maintaining beneficial short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota.
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32
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Tsai M, Song MA, McAndrew C, Brasky TM, Freudenheim JL, Mathé E, McElroy J, Reisinger SA, Shields PG, Wewers MD. Electronic versus Combustible Cigarette Effects on Inflammasome Component Release into Human Lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:922-925. [PMID: 30608866 PMCID: PMC6444658 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201808-1467le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MuChun Tsai
- Ohio State Wexner Medical CenterColumbus, Ohio
| | | | | | - Theodore M. Brasky
- The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
- James Cancer HospitalColumbus, Ohioand
| | | | - Ewy Mathé
- The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
| | | | - Sarah A. Reisinger
- The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
- James Cancer HospitalColumbus, Ohioand
| | - Peter G. Shields
- The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, Ohio
- James Cancer HospitalColumbus, Ohioand
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33
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Zhan L, Yao S, Sun S, Su Q, Li J, Wei B. NLRC5 and autophagy combined as possible predictors in patients with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:949-956. [PMID: 30316442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the levels of NLRC5 and autophagy in women with leiomyoma and endometriosis and the correlation between NLRC5 level and autophagy level. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Clinics. PATIENT(S) Sixty-five patients were recruited: 30 women with endometriosis were compared with 35 women with leiomyoma. INTERVENTION(S) Endometriosis was definitively diagnosed during surgery by laparoscopy or laparotomy and was confirmed by histopathological evaluation (n=30). Secretory phase ectopic endometrium tissues and eutopic endometrium tissues were obtained from 30 women with endometriosis. Control endometrium tissues were collected at hysterectomy from 35 women with leiomyoma. Immunohistochemical staining of NLRC5, LC3, Beclin1 and P62 were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A semiquantitative analysis was performed. Correlations between NLRC5 level and LC3, Beclin1, P62 levels were compared. RESULT(S) The expressions of NLRC5 and P62 in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of endometriosis groups were significantly higher than that in the endometrium of leiomyoma group. And their expressions in ectopic endometrium were significantly up-regulated compared to the eutopic endometrium. The expressions of LC3 and Beclin1 were down-regulated in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of endometriosis groups compared to the leiomyoma group. LC3 and Beclin1 levels were lower in ectopic endometrium than in the eutopic endometrium. There is a negative correlation between NLRC5 level and LC3, Beclin1 levels. There is a positive correlation between NLRC5 level and P62 level. CONCLUSION(S) There is a negative correlation between NLRC5 level and autophagy level. NLRC5 and autophagy combined may as promising predictors in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiying Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
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34
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CXCL1 regulates neutrophil homeostasis in pneumonia-derived sepsis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. Blood 2019; 133:1335-1345. [PMID: 30723078 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-10-878082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil migration to the site of bacterial infection is a critical step in host defense. Exclusively produced in the bone marrow, neutrophil release into the blood is tightly controlled. Although the chemokine CXCL1 induces neutrophil influx during bacterial infections, its role in regulating neutrophil recruitment, granulopoiesis, and neutrophil mobilization in response to lung infection-induced sepsis is unclear. Here, we used a murine model of intrapulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection to investigate the role of CXCL1 in host defense, granulopoiesis, and neutrophil mobilization. Our results demonstrate that CXCL1 augments neutrophil influx to control bacterial growth in the lungs, as well as bacterial dissemination, resulting in improved host survival. This was shown in Cxcl1 -/- mice, which exhibited defective amplification of early neutrophil precursors in granulocytic compartments, and CD62L- and CD49d-dependent neutrophil release from the marrow. Administration of recombinant CXCL2 and CXCL5 after infection rescues the impairments in neutrophil-dependent host defense in Cxcl1 -/- mice. Taken together, these findings identify CXCL1 as a central player in host defense, granulopoiesis, and mobilization of neutrophils during Gram-positive bacterial pneumonia-induced sepsis.
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35
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Paudel S, Ghimire L, Jin L, Baral P, Cai S, Jeyaseelan S. NLRC4 suppresses IL-17A-mediated neutrophil-dependent host defense through upregulation of IL-18 and induction of necroptosis during Gram-positive pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:247-257. [PMID: 30279514 PMCID: PMC6301100 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gram-positive pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, cause necrotizing pneumonia. The central feature of S. aureus pneumonia is toxin-induced necroptosis of immune and resident cells, which impedes host defense. However, the role of the NLRC4 in the lung following S. aureus infection remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that S. aureus activates the NLRC4 to drive necroptosis and IL-18 production, which impaired IL-17A-dependent neutrophil-mediated host susceptibility. In particular, Nlrc4-/- mice exhibit reduced necroptosis, enhanced neutrophil influx into the lungs, decreased bacterial burden, and improved host survival. Loss of NLRC4 signaling in both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells contributes to the host protection against S. aureus pneumonia. Secretion of IL-17A by γδ T cells is essential for neutrophil recruitment into the lungs of Nlrc4-/- mice following infection. Moreover, treatment of wild-type mice with necroptosis inhibitors or genetic ablation of MLKL and IL-18 improves host defense against S. aureus infection, which is associated with increased IL-17A+γδ T cells and neutrophils. Taken together, these novel findings reveal that S. aureus activates the NLRC4 to dampen IL-17A-dependent neutrophil accumulation through induction of necroptosis and IL-18. Thus, modulating the function of the NLRC4 may be an attractive therapeutic approach for treating S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Paudel
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Laxman Ghimire
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Liliang Jin
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Pankaj Baral
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Experimental Infectious Disease Research, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 70112.,Address Correspondence: Dr. Samithamby Jeyaseelan, Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA, 70803. Phone: +1 225 578 9524;
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Ghimire L, Paudel S, Jin L, Baral P, Cai S, Jeyaseelan S. NLRP6 negatively regulates pulmonary host defense in Gram-positive bacterial infection through modulating neutrophil recruitment and function. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007308. [PMID: 30248149 PMCID: PMC6171945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus are endemic in the U.S., which cause life-threatening necrotizing pneumonia. Neutrophils are known to be critical for clearance of S. aureus infection from the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. Therefore, we investigated whether the NLRP6 inflammasome regulates neutrophil-dependent host immunity during pulmonary S. aureus infection. Unlike their wild-type (WT) counterparts, NLRP6 knockout (KO) mice were protected against pulmonary S. aureus infection as evidenced by their higher survival rate and lower bacterial burden in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. In addition, NLRP6 KO mice displayed increased neutrophil recruitment following infection, and when neutrophils were depleted the protective effect was lost. Furthermore, neutrophils from the KO mice demonstrated enhanced intracellular bacterial killing and increased NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production. Intriguingly, we found higher NK cell-mediated IFN-γ production in KO mouse lungs, and treatment with IFN-γ was found to enhance the bactericidal ability of WT and KO neutrophils. The NLRP6 KO mice also displayed decreased pyroptosis and necroptosis in the lungs following infection. Blocking of pyroptosis and necroptosis in WT mice resulted in increased survival, reduced bacterial burden in the lungs, and attenuated cytokine production. Taken together, these novel findings show that NLRP6 serves as a negative regulator of neutrophil-mediated host defense during Gram-positive bacterial infection in the lungs through regulating both neutrophil influx and function. These results also suggest that blocking NLRP6 to augment neutrophil-associated bacterial clearance should be considered as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy for treatment of S. aureus pneumonia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Female
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Inflammasomes/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/microbiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neutrophil Infiltration/immunology
- Pneumonia, Necrotizing/immunology
- Pneumonia, Necrotizing/microbiology
- Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/immunology
- Pneumonia, Staphylococcal/microbiology
- Pyroptosis/immunology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/deficiency
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxman Ghimire
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Sagar Paudel
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Liliang Jin
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Pankaj Baral
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Cai
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Lung Biology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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