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Matz J, Gonzalez MP, Niedbalski P, Kim H, Chen Y, Sebastiani P, Gollner MJ, Bellini C, Oakes JM. Assessment of Left Lung Remodeling With Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Murine Model Following Exposure to Douglas Fir Smoke. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:071010. [PMID: 38581378 PMCID: PMC11080952 DOI: 10.1115/1.4065272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Wildland firefighters (WLFFs) experience lung function decline due to occupational exposure to fire smoke. WLFFs typically do not wear respiratory personal protective equipment, and if they do, it is a simple bandana, which is not effective at filtering smoke. To pinpoint the biological underpinnings of abnormal respiratory function following 3-7 years of WLFF service, we exposed mice to Douglas fir smoke (DFS) over 8 weeks. Following exposure, we assessed changes in lung structure through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and histological analysis, which was supported by immunohistochemistry staining. With MRI, we found that the signal decay time, T2*, from ultrashort echo time (UTE) images was significantly shorter in mice exposed to DFS compared to air controls. In addition, the variation in T2* was more heterogeneously distributed throughout the left lung in DFS-exposed mice, compared to air controls. As confirmed by histological analysis, shorter T2* was caused by larger parenchyma airspace sizes and not fibrotic remodeling. Destruction of the alveolar spaces was likely due to inflammation, as measured by an influx of CD68+ macrophages and destruction due to enhanced neutrophil elastase. In addition, measurements of airspace dimensions from histology were more heterogeneously distributed throughout the lung, corroborating the enhanced relative dispersion of T2*. Findings from this study suggest that the decline in lung function observed in WLFFs may be due to emphysema-like changes in the lung, which can be quantified with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Matz
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Northeastern University
| | | | - Peter Niedbalski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
- University of Kansas
| | - Hannah Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Northeastern University
| | - Ye Chen
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
- Tufts Medical Center
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies (ICRHPS), Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115
- Tufts Medical Center
| | - Michael J. Gollner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
- University of California, Berkeley
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jessica M. Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115
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2
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Ojha M, Smith NJ, Devine AJ, Joshi R, Goodman EM, Fan Q, Schuman R, Porollo A, Wells JM, Tiwary E, Batie MR, Gray J, Deshmukh H, Borchers MT, Ammerman SA, Varisco BM. Anti-CELA1 antibody KF4 prevents emphysema by inhibiting stretch-mediated remodeling. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e169189. [PMID: 38193533 PMCID: PMC10906462 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
There are no therapies to prevent emphysema progression. Chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (CELA1) is a serine protease that binds and cleaves lung elastin in a stretch-dependent manner and is required for emphysema in a murine antisense oligonucleotide model of α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. This study tested whether CELA1 is important in strain-mediated lung matrix destruction in non-AAT-deficient emphysema and the efficacy of CELA1 neutralization. Airspace simplification was quantified after administration of tracheal porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), after 8 months of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, and in aging. In all 3 models, Cela1-/- mice had less emphysema and preserved lung elastin despite increased lung immune cells. A CELA1-neutralizing antibody was developed (KF4), and it inhibited stretch-inducible lung elastase in ex vivo mouse and human lung and immunoprecipitated CELA1 from human lung. In mice, systemically administered KF4 penetrated lung tissue in a dose-dependent manner and 5 mg/kg weekly prevented emphysema in the PPE model with both pre- and postinjury initiation and in the CS model. KF4 did not increase lung immune cells. CELA1-mediated lung matrix remodeling in response to strain is an important contributor to postnatal airspace simplification, and we believe that KF4 could be developed as a lung matrix-stabilizing therapy in emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Ojha
- Lincoln Medical Center and Mental Health Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Noah J. Smith
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew J. Devine
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens Ohio, USA
| | - Rashika Joshi
- Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily M. Goodman
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Qiang Fan
- Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Schuman
- Antibody and Immunoassay Consultants, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Aleksey Porollo
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Michael Wells
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ekta Tiwary
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Jerilyn Gray
- Perinatal Institute, Center for Perinatal Immunity, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Perinatal Institute, Center for Perinatal Immunity, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael T. Borchers
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Brian M. Varisco
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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3
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Tajima Y, Seow CY, Dong SJ, Tsutsui M, Cheung CY, Welch I, Mowbray L, Imlach B, Hildebrandt R, Apperloo K, Ryomoto B, Goodacre E, Myrdal C, Machan L, Wolff K, Elizur E, Vasilescu DM, Sin DD. Development of a unilateral porcine emphysema model induced by porcine pancreatic elastase. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1001-1011. [PMID: 37767558 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00801.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is one of the pathological hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We have recently reported that radiofrequency therapy improves lung function in rodent models of emphysema. However, preclinical data using large animals is necessary for clinical translation. Here, we describe the work performed to establish a unilateral porcine emphysema model. Different doses of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) were instilled into the left lung of 10 Yucatan pigs. Three additional pigs were used as controls. Six weeks after instillation, lungs were harvested. Lung compliance was measured by a water displacement method and plethysmography. Systematic uniform random sampling of the left and right lungs was performed independently to measure alveolar surface area using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. In pigs instilled with 725-750 U/kg of PPE (PPE group, n = 6), the compliance of the left lung was significantly higher by 37.6% than that of the right lung (P = 0.03) using the water displacement method. With plethysmography, the volume of the left lung was significantly larger than that of the right lung at 3, 5, and 10 cmH2O. Measurements from either micro-CT or histology images showed a significant decrease in alveolar surface area by 14.2% or 14.5% (P = 0.031) in the left lung compared with the right lung of the PPE group. A unilateral model for mild emphysema in Yucatan pigs has been established, which can now be used for evaluating novel therapeutics and interventional strategies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY For clinical translation, preclinical data using large animal models is necessary. However, papers describing an emphysema model in pigs, which are anatomically and physiologically similar to humans, are lacking. Here, we report success in creating a unilateral mild-emphysema model in pigs with only one single dose of porcine pancreatic elastase. This model will be useful in bringing novel technologies and therapies from small animals to humans with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tajima
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chun Y Seow
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shou-Jin Dong
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Respiratory Department, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mai Tsutsui
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chung Y Cheung
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ian Welch
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura Mowbray
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brittany Imlach
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rhonda Hildebrandt
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kayla Apperloo
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Ryomoto
- Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evan Goodacre
- Ikomed Technologies Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Corey Myrdal
- Ikomed Technologies Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lindsay Machan
- Ikomed Technologies Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim Wolff
- Ikomed Technologies Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eran Elizur
- Ikomed Technologies Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dragoș M Vasilescu
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Oh K, Lee GW, Kim HB, Park JH, Shin EY, Kim EG. Regorafenib prevents the development of emphysema in a murine elastase model. BMB Rep 2023; 56:439-444. [PMID: 37357536 PMCID: PMC10471461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is a chronic obstructive lung disease characterized by inflammation and enlargement of the air spaces. Regorafenib, a potential senomorphic drug, exhibited a therapeutic effect in porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema in mice. In the current study we examined the preventive role of regorafenib in development of emphysema. Lung function tests and morphometry showed that oral administration of regorafenib (5 mg/kg/day) for seven days after instillation of PPE resulted in attenuation of emphysema. Mechanistically, regorafenib reduced the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly macrophages and neutrophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In agreement with these findings, measurements using a cytokine array and ELISA showed that expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1/KC, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1), was downregulated. The results of immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that expression of IL-6, CXCL1/KC, and TIMP-1 was reduced in the lung parenchyma. Collectively, the results support the preventive role of regorafenib in development of emphysema in mice and provide mechanistic insights into prevention strategies. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(8): 439-444].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangseok Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gun-Wu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Han-Byeol Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jin-Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Eung-Gook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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5
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Sveiven SN, Anesko K, Morgan J, Nair MG, Nordgren TM. Lipid-Sensing Receptor FFAR4 Modulates Pulmonary Epithelial Homeostasis following Immunogenic Exposures Independently of the FFAR4 Ligand Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087072. [PMID: 37108233 PMCID: PMC10138935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of pulmonary free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) is not fully elucidated and we aimed to clarify the impact of FFAR4 on the pulmonary immune response and return to homeostasis. We employed a known high-risk human pulmonary immunogenic exposure to extracts of dust from swine confinement facilities (DE). WT and Ffar4-null mice were repetitively exposed to DE via intranasal instillation and supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by oral gavage. We sought to understand if previous findings of DHA-mediated attenuation of the DE-induced inflammatory response are FFAR4-dependent. We identified that DHA mediates anti-inflammatory effects independent of FFAR4 expression, and that DE-exposed mice lacking FFAR4 had reduced immune cells in the airways, epithelial dysplasia, and impaired pulmonary barrier integrity. Analysis of transcripts using an immunology gene expression panel revealed a role for FFAR4 in lungs related to innate immune initiation of inflammation, cytoprotection, and immune cell migration. Ultimately, the presence of FFAR4 in the lung may regulate cell survival and repair following immune injury, suggestive of potential therapeutic directions for pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Kyle Anesko
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joshua Morgan
- Department of Bioengineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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6
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Matz J, Farra YM, Cotto HM, Bellini C, Oakes JM. Respiratory mechanics following chronic cigarette smoke exposure in the Apoe[Formula: see text] mouse model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:233-252. [PMID: 36335185 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Even though cigarette smoking (CS) has been on the decline over the past 50 years, it is still the leading cause of preventable premature death in the United States. Preclinical models have investigated the cardiopulmonary effects of CS exposure (CSE), but the structure-function relationship in the respiratory system has not yet been fully explored. To evaluate these relationships, we exposed female apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe[Formula: see text]) mice to mainstream CS ([Formula: see text]) for 5 days/week over 24 weeks with room air as a control (AE, [Formula: see text]). To contextualize the impact of CSE, we also assessed the natural aging effects over 24 weeks of air exposure (baseline, [Formula: see text]). Functional assessments were performed on a small animal mechanical ventilator (flexiVent, SCIREQ), where pressure-volume curves and impedance data at four levels of positive end-expiratory pressure ([Formula: see text]) and with increasing doses of methacholine were collected. Constant phase model parameters ([Formula: see text]: Newtonian resistance, H: coefficient of tissue elastance, and G: coefficient of tissue resistance) were calculated from the impedance data. Perfusion fixed-left lung tissue was utilized for quantification of parenchyma airspace size and tissue thickness, airway wall thickness, and measurements of elastin, cytoplasm + nucleus, fibrin, and collagen content for the parenchyma and airways. Aging caused the lung to become more compliant, with an upward-leftward shift of the pressure-volume curve and a reduction in all constant phase model parameters. This was supported by larger parenchyma airspace sizes, with a reduction in cell cytoplasm + nucleus area. Airway walls became thinner, even though low-density collagen content increased. In contrast, CSE caused a downward-rightward shift of the pressure-volume curve along with an increase in H, G, and hysteresivity ([Formula: see text]). Organ stiffening was accompanied by enhanced airway hyper-responsiveness following methacholine challenge. Structurally, parenchyma airspaces enlarged, as indicated by an increase in equivalent airspace diameter ([Formula: see text]), and the septum thickened with significant deposition of low-density collagen along with an influx of cells. Airway walls thickened due to deposition of both high and low-density collagen, infiltration of cells, and epithelial cell elongation. In all, our data suggest that CSE in female Apoe[Formula: see text] mice reduces respiratory functionality and causes morphological alterations in both central and peripheral airways that results in lung stiffening, compared to AE controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Matz
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Yasmeen M Farra
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | | | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Jessica M Oakes
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
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7
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Mano Y, Tsukamoto M, Wang KY, Nabeshima T, Kosugi K, Tajima T, Yamanaka Y, Suzuki H, Kawasaki M, Nakamura E, Zhou Q, Azuma K, Nakashima T, Tamura Y, Kozaki K, Nakazato K, Li YS, Kawai K, Yatera K, Sakai A. Oxidative stress causes muscle structural alterations via p38 MAPK signaling in COPD mouse model. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:927-939. [PMID: 36163519 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a complication of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) that negatively affects physical activity and quality of life. However, the underlying mechanism by which COPD affects skeletal muscles remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the association between oxidative stress and structural alterations in muscles in elastase-induced emphysema mouse models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were treated with either intratracheal porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) dissolved in saline, or saline alone. The mice were euthanized 12 weeks after treatment, and the lungs and limb muscles were used for protein analysis of oxidative stress, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway and muscle atrophy signaling pathway related with oxidative stress. Furthermore, C57BL/6J mice treated with PPE or saline were analyzed for the effects of oral administration of astaxanthin or p38 inhibitor. RESULTS The weight of the soleus muscle, proportion of type I muscle fibers, and cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers in the PPE group were lower than those in the control group. Oxidative stress marker levels in the PPE group were elevated in skeletal muscles. The p38 MAPK signaling pathway was activated in the soleus muscles, leading to the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Astaxanthin and p38 inhibitors attenuated alterations in muscle structure through the deactivation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study provides first evidence in COPD mouse model that oxidative stress trigger a series of muscle structural changes. Our findings suggest a novel target for sarcopenia in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Mano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Ke-Yong Wang
- Shared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nabeshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Kosugi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kagaku Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tamiji Nakashima
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Karina Kozaki
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Research Institute for Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Yun-Shan Li
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kawai
- Department of Environmental Oncology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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8
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Ishikawa A, Koshiyama K. Mathematical modeling of pulmonary acinus structure: Verification of acinar shape effects on pathway structure using rat lungs. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022; 302:103900. [PMID: 35367411 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary acinus is the gas exchange unit in the lung and has a very complex microstructure. The structure model is essential to understand the relationship between structural heterogeneity and mechanical phenomena at the acinus level with computational approaches. We propose an acinus structure model represented by a cluster of truncated octahedra in conical, double-conical, inverted conical, or chestnut-like conical confinement to accommodate recent experimental information of rodent acinar shapes. The basis of the model is the combined use of Voronoi and Delaunay tessellations and the optimization of the ductal tree assuming the number of alveoli and the mean path length as quantities related to gas exchange. Before applying the Voronoi tessellation, controlling the seed coordinates enables us to model acinus with arbitrary shapes. Depending on the acinar shape, the distribution of path length varies. The lengths are more widely spread for the cone acinus, with a bias toward higher values, while most of the lengths for the inverted cone acinus primarily take a similar value. Longer pathways have smaller tortuosity and more generations, and duct length per generation is almost constant irrespective of generation, which agrees well with available experimental data. The pathway structure of cone and chestnut-like cone acini is similar to the surface acini's features reported in experiments. According to space-filling requirements in the lung, other conical acini may also be acceptable. The mathematical acinus structure model with various conical shapes can be a platform for computational studies on regional differences in lung functions along the lung surface, underlying respiratory physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Koshiyama
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Tokushima University, Japan; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan.
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9
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Parasaram V, Wang X, Krisanarungson P, Vyavahare N. Targeted delivery of pentagalloyl glucose inhibits matrix metalloproteinase activity and preserves elastin in emphysematous lungs. Respir Res 2021; 22:249. [PMID: 34537081 PMCID: PMC8449904 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elastin degradation has been established as one of the driving factors of emphysema. Elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) are shown to act as a chemoattractant for monocytes. Effectively shielding elastin from elastolytic damage and regenerating lost elastin are two important steps in improving the mechanical function of damaged lungs. Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) has been shown to preserve elastin in vascular tissues from elastolytic damage in vivo and aid in elastin deposition in vitro. Methods We created emphysema by elastase inhalation challenge in mice. Albumin nanoparticles loaded with PGG, conjugated with elastin antibody, were delivered to target degraded elastin in lungs. We investigated matrix metalloproteinase-12 activity and lung damage by measuring dynamic compliance and tidal volume changes. Results Ex-vivo experiments demonstrated elastin preservation in PGG treated samples compared to controls. Inhaled nanoparticles conjugated with elastin antibody retained for extended periods in lungs. Further, mice treated with PGG nanoparticles showed a significant suppression of MMP-12 activity measured in the lungs. We observed suppression of emphysema in terms of dynamic lung compliance and tidal volume change compared to the control group. The histological examination further confirmed elastin preservation in the lungs. Conclusion These results demonstrate successful targeted delivery of nanoparticles loaded with PGG to inhibit MMP-12 activity and preserve elastin in the lungs. Such targeted PGG therapy has potential therapeutic use in the management of emphysema. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-021-01838-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaideesh Parasaram
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Pantrika Krisanarungson
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Narendra Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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10
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McNulty MJ, Silberstein DZ, Kuhn BT, Padgett HS, Nandi S, McDonald KA, Cross CE. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and recombinant protein sources with focus on plant sources: Updates, challenges and perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:10-30. [PMID: 33279618 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1ATD) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by low plasma levels of A1AT, a serine protease inhibitor representing the most abundant circulating antiprotease normally present at plasma levels of 1-2 g/L. The dominant clinical manifestations include predispositions to early onset emphysema due to protease/antiprotease imbalance in distal lung parenchyma and liver disease largely due to unsecreted polymerized accumulations of misfolded mutant A1AT within the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. Since 1987, the only FDA licensed specific therapy for the emphysema component has been infusions of A1AT purified from pooled human plasma at the 2020 cost of up to US $200,000/year with the risk of intermittent shortages. In the past three decades various, potentially less expensive, recombinant forms of human A1AT have reached early stages of development, one of which is just reaching the stage of human clinical trials. The focus of this review is to update strategies for the treatment of the pulmonary component of A1ATD with some focus on perspectives for therapeutic production and regulatory approval of a recombinant product from plants. We review other competitive technologies for treating the lung disease manifestations of A1ATD, highlight strategies for the generation of data potentially helpful for securing FDA Investigational New Drug (IND) approval and present challenges in the selection of clinical trial strategies required for FDA licensing of a New Drug Approval (NDA) for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J McNulty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - David Z Silberstein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brooks T Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Alpha-1 Deficiency Clinic, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Global HealthShare Initiative®, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen A McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Global HealthShare Initiative®, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; University of California, Davis, Alpha-1 Deficiency Clinic, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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11
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Haider SH, Veerappan A, Crowley G, Caraher EJ, Ostrofsky D, Mikhail M, Lam R, Wang Y, Sunseri M, Kwon S, Prezant DJ, Liu M, Schmidt AM, Nolan A. Multiomics of World Trade Center Particulate Matter-induced Persistent Airway Hyperreactivity. Role of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:219-233. [PMID: 32315541 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0064oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease after World Trade Center particulate matter (WTC-PM) exposure is associated with dyslipidemia and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE); however, the mechanisms are not well understood. We used a murine model and a multiomics assessment to understand the role of RAGE in the pulmonary long-term effects of a single high-intensity exposure to WTC-PM. After 1 month, WTC-PM-exposed wild-type (WT) mice had airway hyperreactivity, whereas RAGE-deficient (Ager-/-) mice were protected. PM-exposed WT mice also had histologic evidence of airspace disease, whereas Ager-/- mice remained unchanged. Inflammatory mediators such as G-CSF (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor), IP-10 (IFN-γ-induced protein 10), and KC (keratinocyte chemoattractant) were differentially expressed after WTC-PM exposure. WTC-PM induced α-SMA, DIAPH1 (protein diaphanous homolog 1), RAGE, and significant lung collagen deposition in WT compared with Ager-/- mice. Compared with WT mice with PM exposure, relative expression of phosphorylated to total CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) was significantly increased in the lung of PM-exposed Ager-/- mice, whereas Akt (protein kinase B) was decreased. Random forests of the refined lung metabolomic profile classified subjects with 92% accuracy; principal component analysis captured 86.7% of the variance in three components and demonstrated prominent subpathway involvement, including known mediators of lung disease such as vitamin B6 metabolites, sphingolipids, fatty acids, and phosphatidylcholines. Treatment with a partial RAGE antagonist, pioglitazone, yielded similar fold-change expression of metabolites (N6-carboxymethyllysine, 1-methylnicotinamide, N1+N8-acetylspermidine, and succinylcarnitine [C4-DC]) between WT and Ager-/- mice exposed to WTC-PM. RAGE can mediate WTC-PM-induced airway hyperreactivity and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed H Haider
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Arul Veerappan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - George Crowley
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Erin J Caraher
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Dean Ostrofsky
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Mena Mikhail
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Rachel Lam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health
| | - Maria Sunseri
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Sophia Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - David J Prezant
- Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York; and.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mengling Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health.,Department of Environmental Medicine, and
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anna Nolan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine.,Department of Environmental Medicine, and.,Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York; and
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12
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Gillich A, Zhang F, Farmer CG, Travaglini KJ, Tan SY, Gu M, Zhou B, Feinstein JA, Krasnow MA, Metzger RJ. Capillary cell-type specialization in the alveolus. Nature 2020; 586:785-789. [PMID: 33057196 PMCID: PMC7721049 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian lung, an apparently homogenous mesh of capillary vessels surrounds each alveolus, forming the vast respiratory surface across which oxygen transfers to the blood1. Here we use single-cell analysis to elucidate the cell types, development, renewal and evolution of the alveolar capillary endothelium. We show that alveolar capillaries are mosaics; similar to the epithelium that lines the alveolus, the alveolar endothelium is made up of two intermingled cell types, with complex 'Swiss-cheese'-like morphologies and distinct functions. The first cell type, which we term the 'aerocyte', is specialized for gas exchange and the trafficking of leukocytes, and is unique to the lung. The other cell type, termed gCap ('general' capillary), is specialized to regulate vasomotor tone, and functions as a stem/progenitor cell in capillary homeostasis and repair. The two cell types develop from bipotent progenitors, mature gradually and are affected differently in disease and during ageing. This cell-type specialization is conserved between mouse and human lungs but is not found in alligator or turtle lungs, suggesting it arose during the evolution of the mammalian lung. The discovery of cell type specialization in alveolar capillaries transforms our understanding of the structure, function, regulation and maintenance of the air-blood barrier and gas exchange in health, disease and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Gillich
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colleen G Farmer
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyle J Travaglini
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Serena Y Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jeffrey A Feinstein
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Ross J Metzger
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Schappell LE, Minahan DJ, Gleghorn JP. A Microfluidic System to Measure Neonatal Lung Compliance Over Late Stage Development as a Functional Measure of Lung Tissue Mechanics. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:100803. [PMID: 32391560 PMCID: PMC7477712 DOI: 10.1115/1.4047133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Premature birth interrupts the development of the lung, resulting in functional deficiencies and the onset of complex pathologies, like bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), that further decrease the functional capabilities of the immature lung. The dysregulation of molecular targets has been implicated in the presentation of BPD, but there is currently no method to correlate resultant morphological changes observed in tissue histology with these perturbations to differences in function throughout saccular and alveolar lung development. Lung compliance is an aggregate measure of the lung's mechanical properties that is highly sensitive to a number of molecular, cellular, and architectural characteristics, but little is known about compliance in the neonatal mouse lung due to measurement challenges. We have developed a novel method to quantify changes in lung volume and pressure to determine inspiratory and expiratory compliance throughout neonatal mouse lung development. The compliance measurements obtained were validated against compliance values from published studies using mature lungs following enzymatic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The system was then used to quantify changes in compliance that occurred over the entire span of neonatal mouse lung development. These methods fill a critically important gap connecting powerful mouse models of development and disease to measures of functional lung mechanics critical to respiration and enable insights into the genetic, molecular, and cellular underpinnings of BPD pathology to improve lung function in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel E. Schappell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab., Newark, DE 19716
| | - Daniel J. Minahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab., Newark, DE 19716
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Lab., Newark, DE 19716
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14
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Peterson NC, Berlin AA. Risk Assessment for Use of a Porcine Circovirus-Contaminated Reagent in a Barrier Maintained Rodent Colony. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020; 59:575-579. [PMID: 32605692 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A proposal for the use of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to develop a mouse model of pulmonary emphysema raised concerns about introducing contaminating porcine viruses into our barrier facility. Porcine Circovirus (PCV) is a known contaminant of vaccines and cell cultures that have been exposed to porcine-derived reagents. Endemic infection of PCV3 in laboratory mice has been reported, and some evidence supports natural PCV infection in wild mice. PPE samples from 2 different vendors tested positive for DNA from both PCV2 and 3. To allow model development with these reagents to proceed, we developed a protocol that would meet scientific objectives, minimize exposure of mice, and provide information on the potential for the virus to spread. Five d after BALB/c mice received intralaryngeal administration of PPE, lungs were harvested and analyzed for evidence of disease. Tissues from other major organs were submitted to test for disseminated PCV2 and 3 DNA. Similarly, tissues (including lungs) from direct contact nude sentinel mice were analyzed for the presence of the virus. To evaluate the possibility of endemic PCV2/3 infection, we also surveyed non-porcine reagent exposed mice on other studies. PCV2 and 3 was not detected in any of the tissues submitted. Although this study provided no evidence of infection and transmission of PCV2/3 from the contaminated PPE sample over the 5 d study, further work is needed to understand the risks and impact of introducing PCV contaminated cells or reagents into barrier maintained rodent colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman C Peterson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland;,
| | - Aaron A Berlin
- Early Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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15
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Crowley G, Kwon S, Caraher EJ, Haider SH, Lam R, Batra P, Melles D, Liu M, Nolan A. Quantitative lung morphology: semi-automated measurement of mean linear intercept. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:206. [PMID: 31706309 PMCID: PMC6842138 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-0915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying morphologic changes is critical to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the lung. Mean linear intercept (MLI) measures are important in the assessment of clinically relevant pathology, such as emphysema. However, qualitative measures are prone to error and bias, while quantitative methods such as mean linear intercept (MLI) are manually time consuming. Furthermore, a fully automated, reliable method of assessment is nontrivial and resource-intensive. METHODS We propose a semi-automated method to quantify MLI that does not require specialized computer knowledge and uses a free, open-source image-processor (Fiji). We tested the method with a computer-generated, idealized dataset, derived an MLI usage guide, and successfully applied this method to a murine model of particulate matter (PM) exposure. Fields of randomly placed, uniform-radius circles were analyzed. Optimal numbers of chords to assess based on MLI were found via receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC)-area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) measured reliability. RESULTS We demonstrate high accuracy (AUCROC > 0.8 for MLIactual > 63.83 pixels) and excellent reliability (ICC = 0.9998, p < 0.0001). We provide a guide to optimize the number of chords to sample based on MLI. Processing time was 0.03 s/image. We showed elevated MLI in PM-exposed mice compared to PBS-exposed controls. We have also provided the macros that were used and have made an ImageJ plugin available free for academic research use at https://med.nyu.edu/nolanlab. CONCLUSIONS Our semi-automated method is reliable, equally fast as fully automated methods, and uses free, open-source software. Additionally, we quantified the optimal number of chords that should be measured per lung field.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Sophia Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Erin J. Caraher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Syed Hissam Haider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Fire Department of New York, Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Brooklyn, NY USA
| | - Rachel Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Prag Batra
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Daniel Melles
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Anna Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
- Fire Department of New York, Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Brooklyn, NY USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
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16
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Greco F, Wiegert S, Baumann P, Wellmann S, Pellegrini G, Cannizzaro V. Hyperoxia-induced lung structure-function relation, vessel rarefaction, and cardiac hypertrophy in an infant rat model. J Transl Med 2019; 17:91. [PMID: 30885241 PMCID: PMC6423834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperoxia-induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) models are essential for better understanding and impacting on long-term pulmonary, cardiovascular, and neurological sequelae of this chronic disease. Only few experimental studies have systematically compared structural alterations with lung function measurements. METHODS In three separate and consecutive series, Sprague-Dawley infant rats were exposed from day of life (DOL) 1 to 19 to either room air (0.21; controls) or to fractions of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. Our primary outcome parameters were histopathologic analyses of heart, lungs, and respiratory system mechanics, assessed via image analysis tools and the forced oscillation technique, respectively. RESULTS Exposure to FiO2 of 0.8 and 1.0 resulted in significantly lower body weights and elevated coefficients of lung tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) when compared with controls. Hysteresivity (η) was lower due to a more pronounced increase of H when compared with G. A positive structure-function relation was demonstrated between H and the lung parenchymal content of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) under hyperoxic conditions. Moreover, histology and morphometric analyses revealed alveolar simplification, fewer pulmonary arterioles, increased α-SMA content in pulmonary vessels, and right heart hypertrophy following hyperoxia. Also, in comparison to controls, hyperoxia resulted in significantly lower plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Lastly, rats in hyperoxia showed hyperactive and a more explorative behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Our in vivo infant rat model mimics clinical key features of BPD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first BPD rat model demonstrating an association between lung structure and function. Moreover, we provide additional evidence that infant rats subjected to hyperoxia develop rarefaction of pulmonary vessels, augmented vascular α-SMA, and adaptive cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, our model provides a clinically relevant tool to further investigate diseases related to O2 toxicity and to evaluate novel pharmacological treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wiegert
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Baumann
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Wellmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 33, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Cannizzaro
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Poggio HA, Antunes MA, Rocha NN, Kitoko JZ, Morales MM, Olsen PC, Lopes-Pacheco M, Cruz FF, Rocco PRM. Impact of one versus two doses of mesenchymal stromal cells on lung and cardiovascular repair in experimental emphysema. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:296. [PMID: 30409216 PMCID: PMC6225700 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A single administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been shown to reduce lung inflammation in experimental elastase-induced emphysema; however, effects were limited in terms of lung-tissue repair and cardiac function improvement. We hypothesized that two doses of MSCs could induce further lung and cardiovascular repair by mitigating inflammation and remodeling in a model of emphysema induced by multiple elastase instillations. We aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of one versus two doses of MSCs, administered 1 week apart, in a murine model of elastase-induced emphysema. Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control (CTRL) and emphysema (E) groups. Mice in the E group received porcine pancreatic elastase (0.2 IU, 50 μL) intratracheally once weekly for four consecutive weeks; the CTRL animals received sterile saline (50 μL) using the same protocol. Three hours after the last instillation, the E group was further randomized to receive either saline (SAL) or murine MSCs (105 cells) intratracheally, in one or two doses (1 week apart). Fourteen days later, mice were euthanized, and all data analyzed. Results Both one and two doses of MSCs improved lung mechanics, reducing keratinocyte-derived chemokine and transforming growth factor-β levels in lung homogenates, total cell and macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and collagen fiber content in airways and blood vessels, as well as increasing vascular endothelial growth factor in lung homogenates and elastic fiber content in lung parenchyma. However, only the two-dose group exhibited reductions in tumor necrosis factor-α in lung tissue, BALF neutrophil and lymphocyte count, thymus weight, and total cellularity, as well as CD8+ cell counts and cervical lymph node CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, as well as further increased elastic fiber content in the lung parenchyma and reduced severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Conclusions Two doses of MSCs enhanced lung repair and improvement in cardiac function, while inducing T cell immunosuppression, mainly of CD8+ cells, in elastase-induced emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hananda A Poggio
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana A Antunes
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Nazareth N Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jamil Z Kitoko
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C Olsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G1-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Wellman TJ, Mondoñedo JR, Davis GS, Bates JHT, Suki B. Topographic distribution of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a hybrid physics- and agent-based model. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:064007. [PMID: 29870400 PMCID: PMC6057779 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaca86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease characterized by excessive deposition of collagen and associated stiffening of lung tissue. While it is known that inflammation and dysfunction of fibroblasts are involved in disease development, it remains poorly understood how cells and their microenvironment interact to produce a characteristic subpleural pattern of high and low tissue density variations, called honeycombing, on CT images of patients with IPF. Since the pleura is stiffer than the parenchyma, we hypothesized that local stiffness of the underlying extracellular matrix can influence fibroblast activation and consequently the deposition of collagen, which in turn influences tissue stiffness in a positive feedback loop. APPROACH We tested this hypothesis by developing a hybrid physics-based/agent-based computational model in which aberrant fibroblast activation is induced when cells migrate on stiff tissue. This activation then feeds back on itself via the altered mechanical environment that it creates by depositing collagen. MAIN RESULTS The model produces power law distributions of both low- and high-attenuation area clusters and predicts the development of honeycombing only when mechanical rupture is allowed to take place in highly strained normal tissue surrounded by stiff fibrotic tissue. These predictions compare well with histologic data computed from CT images of patients with IPF. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that the clinical manifestation of subpleural honeycombing in IPF may result from fibroblasts entering into a positive feedback loop induced by the abnormally high tissue stiffness near the pleura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wellman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
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19
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Abstract
The structure and function of the lung gradually becomes compromised during the progression of emphysema. In this chapter, we first describe how to assess and evaluate lung function using the forced oscillation technique. Next, we provide details on how to use the Flexivent system to measure respiratory mechanical parameters in mice. We also describe the outlines of how to set up a homemade forced oscillatory system and use it to measure respiratory mechanics. To characterize the structure from standard histological images, we describe a method that is highly sensitive to early emphysema. Correlating structural information such as equivalent alveolar diameter and its variance with respiratory elastance or compliance, provides structure-function relationships that can subsequently reveal novel mechanisms of emphysema progression or be used to track the effectiveness of treatment.
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20
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Tanaka KI, Yamakawa N, Yamashita Y, Asano T, Kanda Y, Takafuji A, Kawahara M, Takenaga M, Fukunishi Y, Mizushima T. Identification of Mepenzolate Derivatives With Long-Acting Bronchodilatory Activity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:344. [PMID: 29692733 PMCID: PMC5902689 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a combination of anti-inflammatory drugs and bronchodilators. We recently found that mepenzolate bromide (MP), an antagonist for human muscarinic M3 receptor (hM3R), has both anti-inflammatory and short-acting bronchodilatory activities. To obtain MP derivatives with longer-lasting bronchodilatory activity, we synthesized hybrid compounds based on MP and two other muscarinic antagonists with long-acting bronchodilatory activity glycopyrronium bromide (GC) and aclidinium bromide (AD). Of these three synthesized hybrid compounds (MP-GC, GC-MP, MP-AD) and MP, MP-AD showed the highest affinity for hM3R and had the longest lasting bronchodilatory activity, which was equivalent to that of GC and AD. Both MP-GC and MP-AD exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect equivalent to that of MP, whereas, in line with GC and AD, GC-MP did not show this effect. We also confirmed that administration of MP-AD suppressed elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in a mouse model. These findings provide important information about the structure-activity relationship of MP for both bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasunobu Yamashita
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teita Asano
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanda
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takafuji
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Nishi-Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Takenaga
- Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Fukunishi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Zhou Y, Horowitz JC, Naba A, Ambalavanan N, Atabai K, Balestrini J, Bitterman PB, Corley RA, Ding BS, Engler AJ, Hansen KC, Hagood JS, Kheradmand F, Lin QS, Neptune E, Niklason L, Ortiz LA, Parks WC, Tschumperlin DJ, White ES, Chapman HA, Thannickal VJ. Extracellular matrix in lung development, homeostasis and disease. Matrix Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524630 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung's unique extracellular matrix (ECM), while providing structural support for cells, is critical in the regulation of developmental organogenesis, homeostasis and injury-repair responses. The ECM, via biochemical or biomechanical cues, regulates diverse cell functions, fate and phenotype. The composition and function of lung ECM become markedly deranged in pathological tissue remodeling. ECM-based therapeutics and bioengineering approaches represent promising novel strategies for regeneration/repair of the lung and treatment of chronic lung diseases. In this review, we assess the current state of lung ECM biology, including fundamental advances in ECM composition, dynamics, topography, and biomechanics; the role of the ECM in normal and aberrant lung development, adult lung diseases and autoimmunity; and ECM in the regulation of the stem cell niche. We identify opportunities to advance the field of lung ECM biology and provide a set recommendations for research priorities to advance knowledge that would inform novel approaches to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | | | - Kamran Atabai
- Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | | | | | - Richard A Corley
- Systems Toxicology & Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, United States.
| | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Weill Cornell Medical College, United States.
| | - Adam J Engler
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States.
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, United States.
| | - James S Hagood
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, United States.
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Qing S Lin
- Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, United States.
| | - Enid Neptune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Laura Niklason
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, United States.
| | - Luis A Ortiz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - William C Parks
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, United States.
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, United States.
| | - Harold A Chapman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
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22
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Caraher EJ, Kwon S, Haider SH, Crowley G, Lee A, Ebrahim M, Zhang L, Chen LC, Gordon T, Liu M, Prezant DJ, Schmidt AM, Nolan A. Receptor for advanced glycation end-products and World Trade Center particulate induced lung function loss: A case-cohort study and murine model of acute particulate exposure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184331. [PMID: 28926576 PMCID: PMC5604982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
World Trade Center-particulate matter(WTC-PM) exposure and metabolic-risk are associated with WTC-Lung Injury(WTC-LI). The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is most highly expressed in the lung, mediates metabolic risk, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the AGER-locus predict forced expiratory volume(FEV). Our objectives were to test the hypotheses that RAGE is a biomarker of WTC-LI in the FDNY-cohort and that loss of RAGE in a murine model would protect against acute PM-induced lung disease. We know from previous work that early intense exposure at the time of the WTC collapse was most predictive of WTC-LI therefore we utilized a murine model of intense acute PM-exposure to determine if loss of RAGE is protective and to identify signaling/cytokine intermediates. This study builds on a continuing effort to identify serum biomarkers that predict the development of WTC-LI. A case-cohort design was used to analyze a focused cohort of male never-smokers with normal pre-9/11 lung function. Odds of developing WTC-LI increased by 1.2, 1.8 and 1.0 in firefighters with soluble RAGE (sRAGE)≥97pg/mL, CRP≥2.4mg/L, and MMP-9≤397ng/mL, respectively, assessed in a multivariate logistic regression model (ROCAUC of 0.72). Wild type(WT) and RAGE-deficient(Ager-/-) mice were exposed to PM or PBS-control by oropharyngeal aspiration. Lung function, airway hyperreactivity, bronchoalveolar lavage, histology, transcription factors and plasma/BAL cytokines were quantified. WT-PM mice had decreased FEV and compliance, and increased airway resistance and methacholine reactivity after 24-hours. Decreased IFN-γ and increased LPA were observed in WT-PM mice; similar findings have been reported for firefighters who eventually develop WTC-LI. In the murine model, lack of RAGE was protective from loss of lung function and airway hyperreactivity and was associated with modulation of MAP kinases. We conclude that in a multivariate adjusted model increased sRAGE is associated with WTC-LI. In our murine model, absence of RAGE mitigated acute deleterious effects of PM and may be a biologically plausible mediator of PM-related lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J. Caraher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sophia Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Syed H. Haider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - George Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Audrey Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Minah Ebrahim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, PLA, Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Prezant
- Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine Division, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology, Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Nolan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs, Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
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23
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McGowan SE, McCoy DM. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate-1 regulate mechano-responsiveness of lung fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1174-L1187. [PMID: 28775097 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00185.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A, which only signals through PDGF-receptor-α (PDGFR-α), is required for secondary alveolar septal formation. Although PDGFR-α distinguishes mesenchymal progenitor cells during the saccular stage, PDGFR-α-expressing alveolar cells persist through adulthood. PDGF-A sustains proliferation, limits apoptosis, and maintains α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-containing alveolar cells, which congregate at the alveolar entry ring at postnatal day (P)12. PDGFR-α-expressing, α-SMA-containing alveolar cells redistribute in the elongating septum, suggesting that they migrate to the alveolar entry rings, where mechanical tension is higher. We hypothesized that PDGFR-α and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac1) are required for mechanosensitive myofibroblast migration. Spreading of PDGFR-α-deficient lung fibroblasts was insensitive to increased rigidity, and their migration was not reduced by Rac1-guanine exchange factor (GEF)-inhibition. PDGFR-α-expressing fibroblasts migrated toward stiffer regions within two-dimensional substrates by increasing migrational persistence (durotaxis). Using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor for Rac1-GTP, we observed that PDGFR-α was required for fibroblast Rac1 responsiveness to stiffness within a three-dimensional collagen substrate, which by itself increased Rac1-FRET. Rho-GTPase stabilized, whereas Rac1-GTPase increased the turnover of focal adhesions. Under conditions that increased Rac1-GTP, PDGFR-α signaled through both phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PIK) or Src to engage the Rac1 GEF dedicator of cytokinesis-1 (Dock180) and p21-activated-kinase interacting exchange factor-β (βPIX). In cooperation with collagen fibers, these signaling pathways may guide fibroblasts toward the more rigid alveolar entry ring during secondary septation. Because emphysema and interstitial fibrosis disrupt the parenchymal mechanical continuum, understanding how mechanical factors regulate fibroblast migration could elicit strategies for alveolar repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E McGowan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Diann M McCoy
- Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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24
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Smith BJ, Bartolak-Suki E, Suki B, Roy GS, Hamlington KL, Charlebois CM, Bates JHT. Linking Ventilator Injury-Induced Leak across the Blood-Gas Barrier to Derangements in Murine Lung Function. Front Physiol 2017; 8:466. [PMID: 28736528 PMCID: PMC5500660 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is vital to the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome, but it frequently leads to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Understanding the pathophysiological processes involved in the development of VILI is an essential prerequisite for improving lung-protective ventilation strategies. The goal of this study was to relate the amount and nature of material accumulated in the airspaces to biomarkers of injury and the derecruitment behavior of the lung in VILI. Forty-nine BALB/c mice were mechanically ventilated with combinations of tidal volume and end-expiratory pressures to produce varying degrees of overdistension and atelectasis while lung function was periodically assessed. Total protein, serum protein, and E-Cadherin levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Tissue injury was assessed by histological scoring. We found that both high tidal volume and zero positive end-expiratory pressure were necessary to produce significant VILI. Increased BALF protein content was correlated with increased lung derecruitability, elevated peak pressures, and histological evidence of tissue injury. Blood derived molecules were present in the BALF in proportion to histological injury scores and epithelial injury, reflected by E-Cadherin levels in BALF. We conclude that repetitive recruitment is an important factor in the pathogenesis of VILI that exacerbates injury associated with tidal overdistension. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical behavior of the injured lung provides a means to assess both the degree of tissue injury and the nature and amount of blood-derived fluid and proteins that accumulate in the airspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford J Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado DenverAurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Gregory S Roy
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Larner College of Medicine at The University of VermontBurlington, VT, United States
| | - Katharine L Hamlington
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Larner College of Medicine at The University of VermontBurlington, VT, United States
| | - Chantel M Charlebois
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Larner College of Medicine at The University of VermontBurlington, VT, United States
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Larner College of Medicine at The University of VermontBurlington, VT, United States
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25
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Bartolák-Suki E, Noble PB, Bou Jawde S, Pillow JJ, Suki B. Optimization of Variable Ventilation for Physiology, Immune Response and Surfactant Enhancement in Preterm Lambs. Front Physiol 2017; 8:425. [PMID: 28690548 PMCID: PMC5481362 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants often require mechanical ventilation due to lung immaturity including reduced or abnormal surfactant. Since cyclic stretch with cycle-by-cycle variability is known to augment surfactant release by epithelial cells, we hypothesized that such in vivo mechanotransduction improves surfactant maturation and hence lung physiology in preterm subjects. We thus tested whether breath-by-breath variability in tidal volume (VT) in variable ventilation (VV) can be tuned for optimal performance in a preterm lamb model. Preterm lambs were ventilated for 3 h with conventional ventilation (CV) or two variants of VV that used a maximum VT of 1.5 (VV1) or 2.25 (VV2) times the mean VT. VT was adjusted during ventilation to a permissive pCO2 target range. Respiratory mechanics were monitored continuously using the forced oscillation technique, followed by postmortem bronchoalveolar lavage and tissue collection. Both VVs outperformed CV in blood gas parameters (pH, SaO2, cerebral O2 saturation). However, only VV2 lowered PaCO2 and had a higher specific respiratory compliance than CV. VV2 also increased surfactant protein (SP)-B release compared to VV1 and stimulated its production compared to CV. The production and release of proSP-C however, was increased with CV compared to both VVs. There was more SP-A in both VVs than CV in the lung, but VV2 downregulated SP-A in the lavage, whereas SP-D significantly increased in CV in both the lavage and lung. Compared to CV, the cytokines IL-1β, and TNFα decreased with both VVs with less inflammation during VV2. Additionally, VV2 lungs showed the most homogeneous alveolar structure and least inflammatory cell infiltration assessed by histology. CV lungs exhibited over-distension mixed with collapsed and interstitial edematous regions with occasional hemorrhage. Following VV1, some lambs had normal alveolar structure while others were similar to CV. The IgG serum proteins in the lavage, a marker of leakage, were the highest in CV. An overall combined index of performance that included physiological, biochemical and histological markers was the best in VV2 followed by VV1. Thus, VV2 outperformed VV1 by enhancing SP-B metabolism resulting in open alveolar airspaces, less leakage and inflammation and hence better respiratory mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter B Noble
- Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia.,Centre of Neonatal Research and Education, Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Samer Bou Jawde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Jane J Pillow
- Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia.,Centre of Neonatal Research and Education, Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Western AustraliaPerth, WA, Australia
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston UniversityBoston, MA, United States
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26
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Craig JM, Scott AL, Mitzner W. Immune-mediated inflammation in the pathogenesis of emphysema: insights from mouse models. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:591-605. [PMID: 28164246 PMCID: PMC5366983 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms that result in the initiation and progression of emphysema are clearly complex. A growing body of human data combined with discoveries from mouse models utilizing cigarette smoke exposure or protease administration have improved our understanding of emphysema development by implicating specific cell types that may be important for the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most important aspects of emphysematous damage appear to be oxidative or protease stress and sustained macrophage activation and infiltration of other immune cells leading to epithelial damage and cell death. Despite the identification of these associated processes and cell types in many experimental studies, the reasons why cigarette smoke and other pollutants result in unremitting damage instead of injury resolution are still uncertain. We propose an important role for macrophages in the sequence of events that lead and maintain this chronic tissue pathologic process in emphysema. This model involves chronic activation of macrophage subtypes that precludes proper healing of the lung. Further elucidation of the cross-talk between epithelial cells that release damage-associated signals and the cellular immune effectors that respond to these cues is a critical step in the development of novel therapeutics that can restore proper lung structure and function to those afflicted with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Craig
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, USA.
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27
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Mondoñedo JR, Suki B. Predicting Structure-Function Relations and Survival following Surgical and Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction Treatment of Emphysema. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005282. [PMID: 28182686 PMCID: PMC5300131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) and bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (bLVR) are palliative treatments aimed at reducing hyperinflation in advanced emphysema. Previous work has evaluated functional improvements and survival advantage for these techniques, although their effects on the micromechanical environment in the lung have yet to be determined. Here, we introduce a computational model to simulate a force-based destruction of elastic networks representing emphysema progression, which we use to track the response to lung volume reduction via LVRS and bLVR. We find that (1) LVRS efficacy can be predicted based on pre-surgical network structure; (2) macroscopic functional improvements following bLVR are related to microscopic changes in mechanical force heterogeneity; and (3) both techniques improve aspects of survival and quality of life influenced by lung compliance, albeit while accelerating disease progression. Our model predictions yield unique insights into the microscopic origins underlying emphysema progression before and after lung volume reduction. Surgical and, more recently, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction is the only available treatments for patients with advanced stage emphysema. Several large-scale, clinical studies have outlined appropriate selection criteria based on patient outcomes; however, the underlying mechanisms determining disease progression and response to these treatments are not well-understood. To answer this question, we have developed a network model of the lung to compare immediate and long-term response to each treatment. This approach allows us to directly study macroscopic changes in function related to microscopic changes in the local structural and mechanical environment. In addition, it facilitates direct comparisons between surgical and bronchoscopic lung volume reduction given identical initial conditions, which is not feasible in a clinical study. We propose here a mechanism suggesting that lung volume reduction efficacy is intimately linked to changes in microscopic force heterogeneity within the lung. Such an understanding of the mechanisms driving emphysema has the potential to greatly improve current therapies for this condition through more rationalized, patient-specific treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred R. Mondoñedo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is one of the distinct pathological forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is accompanied by gradual elimination of alveolar tissue, causing reductions in lung recoil and leading to difficulty in breathing. As there is no cure for emphysema, animal models are often used to better understand the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. One widely used animal model of emphysema is the elastase treatment. In this chapter, we describe two methods of elastase-induced emphysema in mice. The first is a single-dose treatment, whereby elastase is introduced oropharengeally into the lung and the structure and/or function of the lungs are studied between 2 days and 4 weeks following the treatment. The second method consists of exposing mice repeatedly (four times) to elastase intratracheally and observing the effects of the treatment 1-4 weeks following the last administration of the enzyme. Both protocols are described in detail, and examples of lung structure and function of the emphysematous mouse lung are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira MV, Abreu SC, Padilha GA, Rocha NN, Maia LA, Takiya CM, Xisto DG, Suki B, Silva PL, Rocco PRM. Characterization of a Mouse Model of Emphysema Induced by Multiple Instillations of Low-Dose Elastase. Front Physiol 2016; 7:457. [PMID: 27774071 PMCID: PMC5054025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many experimental models have been proposed to study the pathophysiological features of emphysema, as well as to search for new therapeutic approaches for acute or chronically injured lung parenchyma. We aimed to characterize an emphysema model induced by multiple instillations of elastase by tracking changes in inflammation, remodeling, and cardiac function after each instillation. Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned across two groups. Emphysema (ELA) animals received 1, 2, 3, or 4 intratracheal instillations of pancreatic porcine elastase (PPE, 0.2 IU) with a 1-week interval between them. Controls (C) received saline following the same protocol. Before and after implementation of the protocol, animals underwent echocardiographic analysis. After the first instillation of PPE, the percentage of mononuclear cells in the lung parenchyma increased compared to C (p = 0.0001). The second instillation resulted in hyperinflated alveoli, increased mean linear intercept, and reduced elastic fiber content in lung parenchyma compared to C (p = 0.0197). Following the third instillation, neutrophils and collagen fiber content in alveolar septa and airways increased, whereas static lung elastance was reduced compared to C (p = 0.0094). After the fourth instillation, the percentage of M1 macrophages in lungs; levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), keratinocyte-derived chemokine, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and collagen fiber content in the pulmonary vessel wall were increased compared to C (p = 0.0096). At this time point, pulmonary arterial hypertension was apparent, with increased diastolic right ventricular wall thickness. In conclusion, the initial phase of emphysema was characterized by lung inflammation with predominance of mononuclear cells, whereas at the late stage, impairment of pulmonary and cardiovascular functions was observed. This model enables analysis of therapies at different time points during controlled progression of emphysema. Accordingly, early interventions could focus on the inflammatory process, while late interventions should focus on restoring cardiorespiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena V Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soraia C Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nazareth N Rocha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal UniversityNiteroi, Brazil
| | - Lígia A Maia
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takiya
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora G Xisto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pedro L Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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30
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Payne JG, Takahashi A, Higgins MI, Porter EL, Suki B, Balazs A, Wilson AA. Multilineage transduction of resident lung cells in vivo by AAV2/8 for α1-antitrypsin gene therapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2016; 3:16042. [PMID: 27408904 PMCID: PMC4926859 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo gene delivery has long represented an appealing potential treatment approach for monogenic diseases such as α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) but has proven challenging to achieve in practice. Alternate pseudotyping of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors is producing vectors with increasingly heterogeneous tropic specificity, giving researchers the ability to target numerous end-organs affected by disease. Herein, we describe sustained pulmonary transgene expression for at least 52 weeks after a single intratracheal instillation of AAV2/8 and characterize the multiple cell types transduced within the lung utilizing this approach. We demonstrate that lung-directed AAV2/8 is able to achieve therapeutic α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein levels within the lung epithelial lining fluid and that AAT gene delivery ameliorates the severity of experimental emphysema in mice. We find that AAV2/8 efficiently transduces hepatocytes in vivo after intratracheal administration, a finding that may have significance for AAV-based human gene therapy studies. These results support direct transgene delivery to the lung as a potential alternative approach to achieve the goal of developing a gene therapy for AATD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Payne
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayuko Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle I Higgins
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily L Porter
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alejandro Balazs
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew A Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) of Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Cloonan SM, Glass K, Laucho-Contreras ME, Bhashyam AR, Cervo M, Pabón MA, Konrad C, Polverino F, Siempos II, Perez E, Mizumura K, Ghosh MC, Parameswaran H, Williams NC, Rooney KT, Chen ZH, Goldklang MP, Yuan GC, Moore SC, Demeo DL, Rouault TA, D’Armiento JM, Schon EA, Manfredi G, Quackenbush J, Mahmood A, Silverman EK, Owen CA, Choi AM. Mitochondrial iron chelation ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced bronchitis and emphysema in mice. Nat Med 2016; 22:163-74. [PMID: 26752519 PMCID: PMC4742374 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is linked to both cigarette smoking and genetic determinants. We have previously identified iron-responsive element-binding protein 2 (IRP2) as an important COPD susceptibility gene and have shown that IRP2 protein is increased in the lungs of individuals with COPD. Here we demonstrate that mice deficient in Irp2 were protected from cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD. By integrating RNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (RIP-seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and gene expression and functional enrichment clustering analysis, we identified Irp2 as a regulator of mitochondrial function in the lungs of mice. Irp2 increased mitochondrial iron loading and levels of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which led to mitochondrial dysfunction and subsequent experimental COPD. Frataxin-deficient mice, which had higher mitochondrial iron loading, showed impaired airway mucociliary clearance (MCC) and higher pulmonary inflammation at baseline, whereas mice deficient in the synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase, which have reduced COX, were protected from CS-induced pulmonary inflammation and impairment of MCC. Mice treated with a mitochondrial iron chelator or mice fed a low-iron diet were protected from CS-induced COPD. Mitochondrial iron chelation also alleviated CS-induced impairment of MCC, CS-induced pulmonary inflammation and CS-associated lung injury in mice with established COPD, suggesting a critical functional role and potential therapeutic intervention for the mitochondrial-iron axis in COPD.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Airway Remodeling
- Animals
- Bronchitis/etiology
- Bronchitis/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunoprecipitation
- Iron/metabolism
- Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Iron Regulatory Protein 2/genetics
- Iron Regulatory Protein 2/metabolism
- Iron, Dietary
- Iron-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung Injury/etiology
- Lung Injury/genetics
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mucociliary Clearance/genetics
- Pneumonia/etiology
- Pneumonia/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/etiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Emphysema/etiology
- Pulmonary Emphysema/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Smoke/adverse effects
- Smoking/adverse effects
- Nicotiana
- Frataxin
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Cloonan
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria E. Laucho-Contreras
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhiram R. Bhashyam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Morgan Cervo
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria A. Pabón
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lovelace Respiratory Research institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Pulmonary Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilias I. Siempos
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- First Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth Perez
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenji Mizumura
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manik C. Ghosh
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Niamh C. Williams
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen T. Rooney
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Monica P. Goldklang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen C. Moore
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L. Demeo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey A. Rouault
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeanine M. D’Armiento
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A. Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Manfredi
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashfaq Mahmood
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lovelace Respiratory Research institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Augustine M.K. Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Limjunyawong N, Craig JM, Lagassé HAD, Scott AL, Mitzner W. Experimental progressive emphysema in BALB/cJ mice as a model for chronic alveolar destruction in humans. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L662-76. [PMID: 26232300 PMCID: PMC4593839 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00214.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema, one of the major components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by the progressive and irreversible loss of alveolar lung tissue. Even though >80% of COPD cases are associated with cigarette smoking, only a relatively small proportion of smokers develop emphysema, suggesting a potential role for genetic factors in determining individual susceptibility to emphysema. Although strain-dependent effects have been shown in animal models of emphysema, the molecular basis underlying this intrinsic susceptibility is not fully understood. In this present study, we investigated emphysema development using the elastase-induced experimental emphysema model in two commonly used mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ. The results demonstrate that mice with different genetic backgrounds show disparate susceptibility to the development of emphysema. BALB/cJ mice were found to be much more sensitive than C57BL/6J to elastase injury in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, as measured by significantly higher mortality, greater body weight loss, greater decline in lung function, and a greater loss of alveolar tissue. The more susceptible BALB/cJ strain also showed the persistence of inflammatory cells in the lung, especially macrophages and lymphocytes. A comparative gene expression analysis following elastase-induced injury showed BALB/cJ mice had elevated levels of il17A mRNA and a number of classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophage genes, whereas the C57BL/6J mice demonstrated augmented levels of interferon-γ. These findings suggest a possible role for these cellular and molecular mediators in modulating the severity of emphysema and highlight the possibility that they might contribute to the heterogeneity observed in clinical emphysema outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - John M Craig
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - H A Daniel Lagassé
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan L Scott
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and
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Padilha GA, Henriques I, Lopes-Pacheco M, Abreu SC, Oliveira MV, Morales MM, Lima LM, Barreiro EJ, Silva PL, Xisto DG, Rocco PRM. Therapeutic effects of LASSBio-596 in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema. Front Physiol 2015; 6:267. [PMID: 26483698 PMCID: PMC4588117 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is an intractable pulmonary disease characterized by an inflammatory process of the airways and lung parenchyma and ongoing remodeling process in an attempt to restore lung structure. There is no effective drug therapy that regenerates lung tissue or prevents the progression of emphysema; current treatment is aimed at symptomatic relief. We hypothesized that LASSBio-596, a molecule with potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, might reduce pulmonary inflammation and remodeling and thus improve lung function in experimental emphysema. Emphysema was induced in BALB/c mice by intratracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (0.1 IU) once weekly during 4 weeks. A control group received saline using the same protocol. After the last instillation of saline or elastase, dimethyl sulfoxide, or LASSBio-596 were administered intraperitoneally, once daily for 8 days. After 24 h, in elastase-induced emphysema animals, LASSBio-596 yielded: (1) decreased mean linear intercept, hyperinflation and collagen fiber content, (2) increased elastic fiber content, (3) reduced number of M1 macrophages, (4) decreased tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-β protein levels in lung tissue, and increased vascular endothelial growth factor. These changes resulted in increased static lung elastance. In conclusion, LASSBio-596 therapy reduced lung inflammation, airspace enlargement, and small airway wall remodeling, thus improving lung function, in this animal model of elastase-induced emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A. Padilha
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Henriques
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Soraia C. Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena V. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M. Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia M. Lima
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L. Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora G. Xisto
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Newton AH, Danahy DB, Chan MA, Benedict SH. Timely blockade of ICAM-1.LFA-1 interaction prevents disease onset in a mouse model of emphysema. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:621-9. [PMID: 26098520 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It is becoming apparent that emphysema is partly driven by self-reactive T cells inducing inflammatory damage. Thus, T cells become targets for therapy similar to other autoimmune diseases. Costimulatory blockade therapy targets disease-specific T cells, rendering them ineffective by blocking a necessary costimulatory event on the T-cell surface. This therapy is tested here in mouse emphysema. MATERIALS & METHODS Peptides representing contact domains of counter receptors LFA-1 and ICAM-1 were used as blockade therapy in elastase-induced emphysema. RESULTS When administered during the first week after disease induction, blockade prevented lung destruction, reduced leukocyte infiltration and inhibited the decrease in T-cell CD4:CD8 ratio, also common in human emphysema. CONCLUSION Costimulatory blockade therapy can affect the progress of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Newton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Present address: Beirne B Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Derek B Danahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Present address: Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Marcia A Chan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, MO, USA
| | - Stephen H Benedict
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Sato S, Bartolák-Suki E, Parameswaran H, Hamakawa H, Suki B. Scale dependence of structure-function relationship in the emphysematous mouse lung. Front Physiol 2015; 6:146. [PMID: 26029115 PMCID: PMC4428081 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how the initial distribution of elastase in mouse lungs determines the time course of tissue destruction and how structural heterogeneity at different spatial scales influences lung function. We evaluated lung function and alveolar structure in normal and emphysematous C57BL/6 mice at 2 and 21 days following orotracheal treatment with porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Initial distribution of elastase 1 h after treatment was assessed using red fluorescently labeled PPE (f-PPE) by laser scanning confocal microscopy. From measured input impedance of the respiratory system, the global lung compliance, and the variability of regional compliance were obtained. Lungs were fixed and equivalent airspace diameters were measured in four lobes of the right lung and three regions of the left lung. At day 2 and day 21, the mean airspace diameter of each region was significantly enlarged which was accompanied by an increased inter-regional heterogeneity. The deposition of f-PPE on day 0 was much more heterogeneous than the inter-regional diameters at both day 2 and day 21 and, at day 21, this reached statistical significance (p < 0.05). Microscale heterogeneity characterized by the overall variability of airspace diameters correlated significantly better with compliance than macroscale or inter-regional heterogeneity. Furthermore, while the spatial distribution of the inflammatory response does not seem to follow that of the elastase deposition, it correlates with the strongest regional determinant of lung function. These results may help interpret lung function decline in terms of structural deterioration in human patients with emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Sato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Hamakawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University Boston, MA, USA
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Traclet J, Delaval P, Terrioux P, Mornex JF. Augmentation therapy of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency associated emphysema. Rev Mal Respir 2015; 32:435-46. [PMID: 25908241 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1 antitrypsin, secreted by the liver, inhibits neutrophil elastase. Its deficiency favours the development of emphysema. Restoring a "protective" serum level in deficient patients should make it possible to inhibit the development of emphysema. STATE OF THE ART Human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin is a blood-derived drug sold in France under the name Alfalastin(®). The recommended posology is an I.V. administration of 60 mg/kg once a week. Human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin restores anti-elastase protection in the lower lung and prevents experimental emphysema induced by the elastasis of human neutrophils in hamster. The low number of patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is one of the difficulties to perform sufficiently powerful randomised studies. However, randomised studies have reported the efficacy of human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin perfusions on mortality, FEV1 decline and the frequency of exacerbations. Randomised control trials have demonstrated the efficacy of human plasma-derived alpha-1 antitrypsin perfusions on the loss of lung density assessed by CT scan. CONCLUSION Augmentation therapy is simple in its conception and implementation, but it is expensive. However, there are currently no other solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Traclet
- Hospices civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Centre de référence des maladies rares pulmonaires, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - P Delaval
- IRSET UMR Inserm U1085, université de Rennes 1, 35000 Rennes, France; Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - P Terrioux
- Cabinet de pneumologie, 77100 Meaux, France
| | - J-F Mornex
- Hospices civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Centre de référence des maladies rares pulmonaires, 69000 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France; INRA, UMR754, 69000 Lyon, France.
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Suki B, Parameswaran H. Computational modeling helps uncover mechanisms related to the progression of emphysema. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 70:4245-4249. [PMID: 24904681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Emphysema is a progressive disease characterized by deterioration of alveolar structure and decline in lung function. While morphometric and molecular biology studies have not fully uncovered the underlying mechanisms, they have produced data to advance computational modeling. In this review, we discuss examples in which modeling has led to novel insight into mechanisms related to disease progression. Finally, we propose a general scheme of multiscale modeling approach that could help unravel the progressive nature of emphysema and provide patient specific mechanisms perhaps suitable for use in treatment therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Debruin EJ, Hughes MR, Sina C, Liu A, Cait J, Jian Z, Lopez M, Lo B, Abraham T, McNagny KM. Podocalyxin regulates murine lung vascular permeability by altering endothelial cell adhesion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108881. [PMID: 25303643 PMCID: PMC4193771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of CD34-family sialomucins (CD34, podocalyxin and endoglycan) as vascular endothelial cell markers, there is remarkably little known of their vascular function. Podocalyxin (gene name Podxl), in particular, has been difficult to study in adult vasculature as germ-line deletion of podocalyxin in mice leads to kidney malformations and perinatal death. We generated mice that conditionally delete podocalyxin in vascular endothelial cells (Podxl(ΔEC) mice) to study the homeostatic role of podocalyxin in adult mouse vessels. Although Podxl(ΔEC) adult mice are viable, their lungs display increased lung volume and changes to the matrix composition. Intriguingly, this was associated with increased basal and inflammation-induced pulmonary vascular permeability. To further investigate the etiology of these defects, we isolated mouse pulmonary endothelial cells. Podxl(ΔEC) endothelial cells display mildly enhanced static adhesion to fibronectin but spread normally when plated on fibronectin-coated transwells. In contrast, Podxl(ΔEC) endothelial cells exhibit a severely impaired ability to spread on laminin and, to a lesser extent, collagen I coated transwells. The data suggest that, in endothelial cells, podocalyxin plays a previously unrecognized role in maintaining vascular integrity, likely through orchestrating interactions with extracellular matrix components and basement membranes, and that this influences downstream epithelial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin J. Debruin
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christina Sina
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alex Liu
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Cait
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhiqi Jian
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Lopez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernard Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thomas Abraham
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart + Lung Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Antunes MA, Abreu SC, Cruz FF, Teixeira AC, Lopes-Pacheco M, Bandeira E, Olsen PC, Diaz BL, Takyia CM, Freitas IPRG, Rocha NN, Capelozzi VL, Xisto DG, Weiss DJ, Morales MM, Rocco PRM. Effects of different mesenchymal stromal cell sources and delivery routes in experimental emphysema. Respir Res 2014; 15:118. [PMID: 25272959 PMCID: PMC4189723 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess whether the effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on lung inflammation and remodeling in experimental emphysema would differ according to MSC source and administration route. Emphysema was induced in C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal (IT) administration of porcine pancreatic elastase (0.1 UI) weekly for 1 month. After the last elastase instillation, saline or MSCs (1×105), isolated from either mouse bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AD) or lung tissue (L), were administered intravenously (IV) or IT. After 1 week, mice were euthanized. Regardless of administration route, MSCs from each source yielded: 1) decreased mean linear intercept, neutrophil infiltration, and cell apoptosis; 2) increased elastic fiber content; 3) reduced alveolar epithelial and endothelial cell damage; and 4) decreased keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC, a mouse analog of interleukin-8) and transforming growth factor-β levels in lung tissue. In contrast with IV, IT MSC administration further reduced alveolar hyperinflation (BM-MSC) and collagen fiber content (BM-MSC and L-MSC). Intravenous administration of BM- and AD-MSCs reduced the number of M1 macrophages and pulmonary hypertension on echocardiography, while increasing vascular endothelial growth factor. Only BM-MSCs (IV > IT) increased the number of M2 macrophages. In conclusion, different MSC sources and administration routes variably reduced elastase-induced lung damage, but IV administration of BM-MSCs resulted in better cardiovascular function and change of the macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Antunes
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Soraia C Abreu
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Teixeira
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elga Bandeira
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla C Olsen
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Bruno L Diaz
- />Laboratory of Inflammation, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina M Takyia
- />Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isalira PRG Freitas
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vera L Capelozzi
- />Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora G Xisto
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- />Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Vermont, USA
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- />Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia RM Rocco
- />Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão – 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
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Takahashi A, Majumdar A, Parameswaran H, Bartolák-Suki E, Suki B. Proteoglycans maintain lung stability in an elastase-treated mouse model of emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:26-33. [PMID: 24450478 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0179oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue rupture contribute to the progression of emphysema. Lung tissue elasticity is governed by the tensile stiffness of fibers and the compressive stiffness of proteoglycans. It is not known how proteoglycan remodeling affects tissue stability and destruction in emphysema. The objective of this study was to characterize the role of remodeled proteoglycans in alveolar stability and tissue destruction in emphysema. At 30 days after treatment with porcine pancreatic elastase, mouse lung tissue stiffness and alveolar deformation were evaluated under varying tonicity conditions that affect the stiffness of proteoglycans. Proteoglycans were stained and measured in the alveolar walls. Computational models of alveolar stability and rupture incorporating the mechanical properties of fibers and proteoglycans were developed. Although absolute tissue stiffness was only 24% of normal, changes in relative stiffness and alveolar shape distortion due to changes in tonicity were increased in emphysema (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001). Glycosaminoglycan amount per unit alveolar wall length, which is responsible for proteoglycan stiffness, was higher in emphysema (P < 0.001). Versican expression increased in the tissue, but decorin decreased. Our network model predicted that the rate of tissue deterioration locally governed by mechanical forces was reduced when proteoglycan stiffness was increased. Consequently, this general network model explains why increasing proteoglycan deposition protects the alveolar walls from rupture in emphysema. Our results suggest that the loss of proteoglycans observed in human emphysema contributes to disease progression, whereas treatments that promote proteoglycan deposition in the extracellular matrix should slow the progression of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuko Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Liu S, Young SM, Varisco BM. Dynamic expression of chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 over the course of murine lung development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L1104-16. [PMID: 24793170 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00126.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal lung development requires coordination of three processes (surface area expansion, microvascular growth, and matrix remodeling). Because normal elastin structure is important for lung morphogenesis, because physiological remodeling of lung elastin has never been defined, and because elastin remodeling is angiogenic, we sought to test the hypothesis that, during lung development, elastin is remodeled in a defined temporal-spatial pattern, that a novel protease is associated with this remodeling, and that angiogenesis is associated with elastin remodeling. By elastin in situ zymography, lung elastin remodeling increased 24-fold between embryonic day (E) 15.5 and postnatal day (PND) 14. Remodeling was restricted to major vessels and airways on PND1 with a sevenfold increase in alveolar wall elastin remodeling from PND1 to PND14. By inhibition assays and literature review, we identified chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (CELA1) as a potential mediator of elastin remodeling. CELA1 mRNA levels increased 12-fold from E15.5 to PND9, and protein levels increased 3.4-fold from E18.5 to PND9. By costaining experiments, the temporal-spatial pattern of CELA1 expression matched that of elastin remodeling, and 58-85% of CELA1(+) cells were <10 μm from an elastase signal. An association between elastin remodeling and angiogenesis was tested by similar methods. At PND7 and PND14, 60-95% of angiogenin(+) cells were associated with elastin remodeling. Both elastase inhibition and CELA1 silencing impaired angiogenesis in vitro. Our data defines the temporal-spatial pattern of elastin remodeling during lung development, demonstrates an association of this remodeling with CELA1, and supports a role for elastin remodeling in regulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Sarah Marie Young
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Brian Michael Varisco
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Ikeda G, Miyahara N, Koga H, Fuchimoto Y, Waseda K, Kurimoto E, Taniguchi A, Tanimoto Y, Kataoka M, Tanimoto M, Kanehiro A. Effect of a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist on experimental emphysema and asthma combined with emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:18-29. [PMID: 23937413 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0418oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of overlapping bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has increased in recent years. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) play an important role in asthma, and the type 1 CysLT receptor (CysLT1R) is expressed by many inflammatory cells. We evaluated the effect of montelukast, a CysLT1R antagonist, on mouse models of asthma, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema, and asthma combined with emphysema. Mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) on Days 0 and 14 and subsequently challenged with OVA on Days 28, 29, and 30. Pulmonary emphysema was induced by intratracheal instillation of PPE on Day 25. Mice were treated subcutaneously with montelukast or vehicle from Day 25 to Day 31. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), static compliance; the number of inflammatory cells, the levels of cytokines, chemokines, LTs, and perforin in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the quantitative morphometry of lung sections were analyzed on Day 32. Treatment with montelukast significantly attenuated the AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation in OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged mice. Administration of montelukast significantly reduced the AHR, static compliance, and neutrophilic airway inflammation, while attenuating emphysematous lung changes, in PPE-treated mice. In PPE-treated mice subjected to allergen sensitization and challenges, montelukast significantly suppressed the AHR, static compliance, and eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation in addition to the development of experimentally induced emphysema in the lungs. Our data suggest that CysLT1R antagonists may be effective in ameliorating the consequences of PPE-induced lung damage and the changes that follow allergen sensitization and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genyo Ikeda
- 1 Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Santos LMO, Cervilha DADB, Cabral LDM, Garcia ÉKI, Teixeira VP, Brito JM, Moriya HT, Soncini R. Bronchial responsiveness in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 194:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Liu S, Parameswaran H, Young SM, Varisco BM. JNK suppresses pulmonary fibroblast elastogenesis during alveolar development. Respir Res 2014; 15:34. [PMID: 24661418 PMCID: PMC3987842 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The formation of discrete elastin bands at the tips of secondary alveolar septa is important for normal alveolar development, but the mechanisms regulating the lung elastogenic program are incompletely understood. JNK suppress elastin synthesis in the aorta and is important in a host of developmental processes. We sought to determine whether JNK suppresses pulmonary fibroblast elastogenesis during lung development. Methods Alveolar size, elastin content, and mRNA of elastin-associated genes were quantitated in wild type and JNK-deficient mouse lungs, and expression profiles were validated in primary lung fibroblasts. Tropoelastin protein was quantitated by Western blot. Changes in lung JNK activity throughout development were quantitated, and pJNK was localized by confocal imaging and lineage tracing. Results By morphometry, alveolar diameters were increased by 7% and lung elastin content increased 2-fold in JNK-deficient mouse lungs compared to wild type. By Western blot, tropoelastin protein was increased 5-fold in JNK-deficient lungs. Postnatal day 14 (PND14) lung JNK activity was 11-fold higher and pJNK:JNK ratio 6-fold higher compared to PN 8 week lung. Lung tropoelastin, emilin-1, fibrillin-1, fibulin-5, and lysyl oxidase mRNAs inversely correlated with lung JNK activity during alveolar development. Phosphorylated JNK localized to pulmonary lipofibroblasts. PND14 JNK-deficient mouse lungs contained 7-fold more tropoelastin, 2,000-fold more emilin-1, 800-fold more fibrillin-1, and 60-fold more fibulin-5 than PND14 wild type lungs. Primarily lung fibroblasts from wild type and JNK-deficient mice showed similar differences in elastogenic mRNAs. Conclusions JNK suppresses fibroblast elastogenesis during the alveolar stage of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brian M Varisco
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Szabari MV, Parameswaran H, Sato S, Hantos Z, Bartolák-Suki E, Suki B. Acute mechanical forces cause deterioration in lung structure and function in elastase-induced emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L567-74. [PMID: 22865550 PMCID: PMC3469589 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00217.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and exacerbations is unclear. Currently, no animal model of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) exists. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of mechanical forces induced by deep inspirations (DIs) on short-term deterioration of lung structure and function to mimic AECOPD. At 2, 7, or 21 days after treatment with elastase, mice were ventilated with or without DIs (35 cmH(2)O airway pressure for 3 s, 2 times/min) for 1 h. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured with body plethysmography, and respiratory compliance, resistance, and hysteresivity were obtained via forced oscillations. From hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, equivalent airspace diameters (D), alveolar wall thickness (W(t)), number of septal ruptures (N(sr)), and attachment density (A(d)) around airways were determined. FRC, compliance, and hysteresivity statistically significantly increased with time, and both increased due to DIs. Interestingly, DIs also had an effect on FRC, compliance, resistance, and hysteresivity in control mice. The development of emphysema statistically significantly increased D and W(t) in time, and the DIs caused subtle differences in D. At 21 days, the application of DIs changed the distribution of D, increased W(t) and N(sr), and decreased A(d). These results suggest that once a critical remodeling of the parenchyma has been reached, acute mechanical forces lead to irreversible changes in structure and function, mimicking COPD exacerbations. Thus, the acute application of DIs in mice with emphysema may serve as a useful model of AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Szabari
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - S. Sato
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Z. Hantos
- University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - B. Suki
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Vidal D, Fortunato G, Klein W, Cortizo L, Vasconcelos J, Ribeiro-dos-Santos R, Soares M, Macambira S. Alterations in pulmonary structure by elastase administration in a model of emphysema in mice is associated with functional disturbances. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2012; 18:128-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Tanaka KI, Sato K, Aoshiba K, Azuma A, Mizushima T. Superiority of PC-SOD to other anti-COPD drugs for elastase-induced emphysema and alteration in lung mechanics and respiratory function in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L1250-61. [PMID: 22505669 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00019.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilators (such as ipratropium bromide), steroids (such as fluticasone propionate), and newly developed anti-inflammatory drugs (such as roflumilast) are used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We recently reported that lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) confers a protective effect in mouse models of COPD. We here examined the therapeutic effect of the combined administration of PC-SOD with ipratropium bromide on pulmonary emphysema and compared the effect of PC-SOD to other types of drugs. The severity of emphysema in mice was assessed by various criteria. Lung mechanics (elastance) and respiratory function (ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first 0.05 s to forced vital capacity) were assessed. Administration of PC-SOD by inhalation suppressed elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, and respiratory dysfunction. The concomitant intratracheal administration of ipratropium bromide did not alter the ameliorating effects of PC-SOD. Administration of ipratropium bromide, fluticasone propionate, or roflumilast alone did not suppress the elastase-induced increase in the pulmonary level of superoxide anion, pulmonary inflammatory response, pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, or respiratory dysfunction as effectively as did PC-SOD. PC-SOD, but not the other drugs, showed a therapeutic effect even when the drug was administered after the development of emphysema. PC-SOD also suppressed the cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammatory response and increase in airway resistance. Based on these results, we consider that the inhalation of PC-SOD would be therapeutically beneficial for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio Univ., 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Parameswaran H, Majumdar A, Suki B. Linking microscopic spatial patterns of tissue destruction in emphysema to macroscopic decline in stiffness using a 3D computational model. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1001125. [PMID: 21533072 PMCID: PMC3080851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a connective tissue disease characterized by the progressive destruction of alveolar walls leading to airspace enlargement and decreased elastic recoil of the lung. However, the relationship between microscopic tissue structure and decline in stiffness of the lung is not well understood. In this study, we developed a 3D computational model of lung tissue in which a pre-strained cuboidal block of tissue was represented by a tessellation of space filling polyhedra, with each polyhedral unit-cell representing an alveolus. Destruction of alveolar walls was mimicked by eliminating faces that separate two polyhedral either randomly or in a spatially correlated manner, in which the highest force bearing walls were removed at each step. Simulations were carried out to establish a link between the geometries that emerged and the rate of decline in bulk modulus of the tissue block. The spatially correlated process set up by the force-based destruction lead to a significantly faster rate of decline in bulk modulus accompanied by highly heterogeneous structures than the random destruction pattern. Using the Karhunen-Loève transformation, an estimator of the change in bulk modulus from the first four moments of airspace cell volumes was setup. Simulations were then obtained for tissue destruction with different idealized alveolar geometry, levels of pre-strain, linear and nonlinear elasticity assumptions for alveolar walls and also mixed destruction patterns where both random and force-based destruction occurs simultaneously. In all these cases, the change in bulk modulus from cell volumes was accurately estimated. We conclude that microscopic structural changes in emphysema and the associated decline in tissue stiffness are linked by the spatial pattern of the destruction process. Current standards for characterizing microscopic structural changes in emphysema are based on estimating the amount of tissue loss using stereological techniques. However, several previous studies reported that, in emphysema, there is a lack of correlation between stereological indices of tissue structure and increases in lung compliance, which is the inverse of tissue stiffness. In this study, we developed a novel three-dimensional computational model to show that the amount of tissue loss is not the sole determinant of increased lung compliance in emphysema. A key component that needs to be considered is the pattern of tissue destruction, which we demonstrate has a significant effect on the rate of decline in stiffness. Our findings also indicate that the heterogeneity observed at the microscopic scale in emphysema is a signature of the spatial history of the destruction process. These results highlight the importance of characterizing the heterogeneity of lung tissue structure in order to be able to relate microscopic structural changes to macroscopic functional measures such as lung compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Parameswaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arnab Majumdar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Structure-function relationships in the respiratory system are often a result of the emergence of self-organized patterns or behaviors that are characteristic of certain respiratory diseases. Proper description of such self-organized behavior requires network models that include nonlinear interactions among different parts of the system. This review focuses on 2 models that exhibit self-organized behavior: a network model of the lung parenchyma during the progression of emphysema that is driven by mechanical force-induced breakdown, and an integrative model of bronchoconstriction in asthma that describes interactions among airways within the bronchial tree. Both models suggest that the transition from normal to pathologic states is a nonlinear process that includes a tipping point beyond which interactions among the system components are reinforced by positive feedback, further promoting the progression of pathologic changes. In emphysema, the progressive destruction of tissue is irreversible, while in asthma, it is possible to recover from a severe bronchoconstriction. These concepts may have implications for pulmonary medicine. Specifically, we suggest that structure-function relationships emerging from network behavior across multiple scales should be taken into account when the efficacy of novel treatments or drug therapy is evaluated. Multiscale, computational, network models will play a major role in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Winkler
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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