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Usman K, Fouadi M, Nwozor KO, Aminazadeh F, Nair P, Luo H, Sin DD, Osei ET, Hackett TL. Interleukin-1α inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 and β2-induced extracellular matrix production, remodeling and signaling in human lung fibroblasts: Master regulator in lung mucosal repair. Matrix Biol 2024; 132:47-58. [PMID: 39147560 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung fibroblasts play a central role in maintaining lung homeostasis and facilitating repair through the synthesis and organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study investigated the cross-talk between interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, two key regulators in tissue repair and fibrosis, in the context of lung fibroblast repair in the healthy lung. RESULTS Stimulation of lung fibroblasts with TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 induced collagen-I and fibronectin protein expression (p < 0.05), a response inhibited with co-treatment with IL-1α (p < 0.05). Additionally, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 induced myofibroblast differentiation, and collagen-I gel contraction, which were both suppressed by IL-1α (p < 0.05). In contrast, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin induced by IL-1α, were unaffected by TGF-β1 or TGF-β2. Mechanistically, IL-1α administration led to the suppression of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 signaling, through downregulation of mRNA and protein for TGF-β receptor II and the downstream adaptor protein TRAF6, but not through miR-146a that is known to be induced by IL-1α. DISCUSSION IL-1α acts as a master regulator, modulating TGF-β1 and TGF-β2-induced ECM production, remodeling, and myofibroblast differentiation in human lung fibroblasts, playing a vital role in balancing tissue repair versus fibrosis. Further research is required to understand the dysregulated cross-talk between IL-1α and TGF-β signaling in chronic lung diseases and the exploration of therapeutic opportunities. METHODS Primary human lung fibroblasts (PHLF) were treated with media control, or 1 ng/ml IL-1α with or without 50 ng/ml TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 for 1, 6 and 72 h. Cell lysates were assessed for the expression of ECM proteins and signaling molecules by western blot, miRNA by qPCR, mRNA by RNA sequencing and cell supernatants for cytokine production by ELISA. PHLFs were also seeded in non-tethered collagen-I gels to measure contraction, and myofibroblast differentiation using confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauna Usman
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| | - May Fouadi
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kingsley Okechukwu Nwozor
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Aminazadeh
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Division of Respirology, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton & McMaster University, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Twumasi Osei
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
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Zhang X, Du X, Cui Y. The Lymphatic Highway: How Lymphatics Drive Lung Health and Disease. Lung 2024:10.1007/s00408-024-00739-6. [PMID: 39164594 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The pulmonary lymphatic system has emerged as a critical regulator of lung homeostasis and a key contributor to the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. As the primary conduit responsible for maintaining fluid balance and facilitating immune cell trafficking, the integrity of lymphatic vessels is essential for preserving normal pulmonary structure and function. Lymphatic abnormalities manifest across a broad spectrum of pulmonary disorders, underscoring their significance in respiratory health and disease. This review provides an overview of pulmonary lymphatic biology and delves into the involvement of lymphatics in four major lung diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), asthma, and lung transplant rejection. We examine how lymphatic abnormalities manifest in each of these conditions and investigate the mechanisms through which lymphatic remodeling and dysfunction contribute to disease progression. Furthermore, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the lymphatic system to ameliorate these debilitating respiratory conditions. Despite the current knowledge, several crucial questions remain unanswered, such as the spatial and temporal dynamics of lymphatic changes, the molecular crosstalk between lymphatics and the lung microenvironment, and the distinction between protective versus detrimental lymphatic phenotypes. Unraveling these mysteries holds the promise of identifying novel molecular regulators, characterizing lymphatic endothelial phenotypes, and uncovering bioactive mediators. By harnessing this knowledge, we can pave the way for the development of innovative disease-modifying therapies targeting the lymphatic highway in lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, #10 Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqian Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, #10 Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, #10 Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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Castaldi PJ, Sauler M. Molecular Characterization of the Distal Lung: Novel Insights from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Omics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 210:147-154. [PMID: 38701385 PMCID: PMC11273319 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202310-1972pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Maor Sauler
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Dos Santos TM, Righetti RF, do Nascimento Camargo L, Leick EA, Fukuzaki S, de Campos EC, Galli TT, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, da Silva LLS, Barbosa JAS, João JMLG, Prado CM, de Rezende BG, Bourotte CLM, Dos Santos Lopes FDTQ, de Arruda Martins M, Bensenor IM, de Oliveira Cirillo JV, Bezerra SKM, Silva FJA, Paulo MSL, Lotufo PA, Lopes Calvo Tibério IDF. Effect of VAChT reduction on lung alterations induced by exposure to iron particles in an asthma model. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38961398 PMCID: PMC11223391 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pollution harms the health of people with asthma. The effect of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway in chronic allergic inflammation associated to pollution is poorly understood. METHODS One hundred eight animals were divided into 18 groups (6 animals). Groups included: wild type mice (WT), genetically modified with reduced VAChT (VAChTKD), and those sensitized with ovalbumin (VAChTKDA), exposed to metal powder due to iron pelletizing in mining company (Local1) or 3.21 miles away from a mining company (Local2) in their locations for 2 weeks during summer and winter seasons. It was analyzed for hyperresponsivity, inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress responses and the cholinergic system. RESULTS During summer, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local1 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs, %Raw), and inflammation (IL-17) relative to vivarium animals, while animals exposed to Local2 also exhibited elevated IL-17. During winter, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local2 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs) relative to vivarium animals. Comparing the exposure local of these animals during summer, animals exposed to Local1 showed elevated %Rrs, Raw, and IL-5 compared to Local 2, while in winter, Local2 exposure led to more IL-17 than Local1. Animals with VAChT attenuation displayed increased %Rrs, NFkappaB, IL-5, and IL-13 but reduced alpha-7 compared to animals without changes in the cholinergic system WT. Animals with VAChT attenuation and asthma showed increased the hyperresponsiveness, all inflammatory markers, remodeling and oxidative stress compared to animals without chronic lung inflammation. Exposure to Local1 exacerbated the hyperresponsiveness, oxidative stressand inflammation in animals with VAChT attenuation associated asthma, while Local2 exposure led to increased inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Reduced cholinergic signaling amplifies lung inflammation in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Furthermore, when associated with pollution, it can aggravate specific responses related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Maruyama Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Nascimento Camargo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina de Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Thangam T, Parthasarathy K, Supraja K, Haribalaji V, Sounderrajan V, Rao SS, Jayaraj S. Lung Organoids: Systematic Review of Recent Advancements and its Future Perspectives. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:653-671. [PMID: 38466362 PMCID: PMC11187038 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are essentially an in vitro (lab-grown) three-dimensional tissue culture system model that meticulously replicates the structure and physiology of human organs. A few of the present applications of organoids are in the basic biological research area, molecular medicine and pharmaceutical drug testing. Organoids are crucial in connecting the gap between animal models and human clinical trials during the drug discovery process, which significantly lowers the time duration and cost associated with each stage of testing. Likewise, they can be used to understand cell-to-cell interactions, a crucial aspect of tissue biology and regeneration, and to model disease pathogenesis at various stages of the disease. Lung organoids can be utilized to explore numerous pathophysiological activities of a lung since they share similarities with its function. Researchers have been trying to recreate the complex nature of the lung by developing various "Lung organoids" models.This article is a systematic review of various developments of lung organoids and their potential progenitors. It also covers the in-depth applications of lung organoids for the advancement of translational research. The review discusses the methodologies to establish different types of lung organoids for studying the regenerative capability of the respiratory system and comprehending various respiratory diseases.Respiratory diseases are among the most common worldwide, and the growing burden must be addressed instantaneously. Lung organoids along with diverse bio-engineering tools and technologies will serve as a novel model for studying the pathophysiology of various respiratory diseases and for drug screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Thangam
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Krupakar Parthasarathy
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India.
| | - K Supraja
- Medway Hospitals, No 2/26, 1st Main Road, Kodambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600024, India
| | - V Haribalaji
- VivagenDx, No. 28, Venkateswara Nagar, 100 Feet Bypass Road, Velachery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600042, India
| | - Vignesh Sounderrajan
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Sudhanarayani S Rao
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
| | - Sakthivel Jayaraj
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India
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An B, Fang Y, Wang L, Nie W, Wang M, Nie H, Wu C, Wang R. Inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling by compound 5aa: A potential treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107374. [PMID: 38636433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been steadily increasing each year, posing significant challenges in its treatment. In this study, we conducted the design and synthesis of 23 new inhibitors that specifically target the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Initially, we employed a cell model of TGF-β-induced pulmonary fibrosis, using cell survival rate and HYP expression as indicators to identify the potent ingredient 5aa, which demonstrated significant anti-pulmonary fibrosis activity. Subsequently, we induced mice with bleomycin (BLM) to establish an experimental animal model of pulmonary fibrosis, and evaluated the pharmacodynamics of 5aa in vivo against pulmonary fibrosis. The alterations in HYP and collagen levels in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice were analyzed using ELISA and immunohistochemistry techniques. The results indicated that compound 5aa effectively suppressed the fibrotic response induced by TGF-β1, inhibited the expression of the fibrotic marker α-SMA, and hindered the EMT process in NIH3T3 cells. Additionally, oral administration of 5aa demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in a mouse model of IPF, comparable to the established drug Nintedanib. Moreover, compound 5aa exhibited higher bioavailability in vivo compared to Nintedanib. These collective outcomes suggest that 5aa holds promise as a potential inhibitor of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijiao An
- The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Yanhua Fang
- The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
| | - Lihan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Wenyan Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Haoran Nie
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of biomarker high throughput screening and target translation of breast and gastrointestinal tumor, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No.6 Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China.
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7
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MacIsaac S, Somboonviboon D, Scallan C, Kolb M. Treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an update on emerging drugs in phase II & III clinical trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2024; 29:177-186. [PMID: 38588523 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2024.2340723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, debilitating lung disease with poor prognosis. Although two antifibrotics have been approved in the past decade there are no curative therapies. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the current landscape of IPF research in the development of novel compounds for the treatment of IPF while also evaluating repurposed medications and their role in the management of IPF. The literature search includes studies found on PubMed, conference abstracts, and press releases until March 2024. EXPERT OPINION Disease progression in IPF is driven by a dysregulated cycle of microinjury, aberrant wound healing, and propagating fibrosis. Current drug development focuses on attenuating fibrotic responses via multiple pathways. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors (PDE4i), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) antagonists, dual-selective inhibitor of αvβ6 and αvβ1 integrins, and the prostacyclin agonist Treprostinil have had supportive phase II clinical trial results in slowing decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) in IPF. Barriers to drug development specific to IPF include the lack of a rodent model that mimics IPF pathology, the nascent understanding of the role of genetics affecting development of IPF and response to treatment, and the lack of a validated biomarker to monitor therapeutic response in patients with IPF. Successful treatment of IPF will likely include a multi-targeted approach anchored in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah MacIsaac
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Dalhousie University, Halifax Infirmary, Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Dujrath Somboonviboon
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ciaran Scallan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Liu G, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Jiang M, Li Y, Meng Z, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Liu J, Ge D, Wang H. Injectable and Thermosensitive Hydrogel with Platelet-Rich Plasma for Enhanced Biotherapy of Skin Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303930. [PMID: 38306618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and effective healing of skin wounds resulted from severe injuries and full-layer skin defects remains a pressing clinical challenge in contemporary medical practice. The reduction of wound infection and rapid healing is helpful to rebuild and repair skin tissue. Here, a thermosensitive chitosan-based wound dressing hydrogel incorporating β-glycerophosphate (GP), hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC), graphene oxide (GO), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is developed, which exhibits the dual functions of antibacterial properties and repair promotion. GP and HPC enhance the mechanical properties through forming hydrogen bonding connection, while GO produces local heat under near-infrared light, leading to improved blood circulation and skin recovery. Notably, antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and control-release of growth factors from PRP are also achieved based on the system. In vitro experiments reveal its biocompatibility, and ability to promote cell proliferation and migration. Animal experiments demonstrate that the epithelial repair and collagen deposition can be promoted during skin wound healing in Sprague Dawley rats. Moreover, a reduction in wound inflammation levels and the improvement of wound microenvironment are observed, collectively fostering effective wound healing. Therefore, the composite hydrogel system incorporated with GO and PRP can be a promising dressing for the treatment of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengjun Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yuanming Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied, Technology Innovation, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road 308, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Zifan Meng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Ge
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Corrie L, Mehndiratta S, Patel VK, Kumbhar PS, Manjappa AS, Disouza J, Patravale V, Gupta G, Manandhar B, Rajput R, Robinson AK, Reyes RJ, Chakraborty A, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Oliver BGG, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Applications and advancements of nanoparticle-based drug delivery in alleviating lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2793-2833. [PMID: 37991539 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking is among the main aetiologic factors for both ailments. These diseases share common pathogenetic mechanisms including inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodelling. Current therapeutic approaches are limited by low efficacy and adverse effects. Consequentially, LC has a 5-year survival of < 20%, while COPD is incurable, underlining the necessity for innovative treatment strategies. Two promising emerging classes of therapy against these diseases include plant-derived molecules (phytoceuticals) and nucleic acid-based therapies. The clinical application of both is limited by issues including poor solubility, poor permeability, and, in the case of nucleic acids, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, large size, and electrostatic charge density. Nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems are currently being explored as flexible systems allowing to overcome these limitations. In this review, an updated summary of the most recent studies using nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems to improve the delivery of nucleic acids and phytoceuticals for the treatment of LC and COPD is provided. This review highlights the enormous relevance of these delivery systems as tools that are set to facilitate the clinical application of novel categories of therapeutics with poor pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Samir Mehndiratta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Popat S Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Arehalli Sidramappa Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vasantidevi Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Kodoli, Kolkapur, Maharashtra, 416114, India
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Alexandra Kailie Robinson
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ruby-Jean Reyes
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Amlan Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine (DIIIRM), School of Biological Sciences I Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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10
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Correale M, Chirivì F, Bevere EML, Tricarico L, D’Alto M, Badagliacca R, Brunetti ND, Vizza CD, Ghio S. Endothelial Function in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: From Bench to Bedside. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2444. [PMID: 38673717 PMCID: PMC11051060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex pathology whose etiology is still not completely well clarified. The pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension involves different molecular mechanisms, with endothelial dysfunction playing a central role in disease progression. Both individual genetic predispositions and environmental factors seem to contribute to its onset. To further understand the complex relationship between endothelial and pulmonary hypertension and try to contribute to the development of future therapies, we report a comprehensive and updated review on endothelial function in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Correale
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chirivì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Ester Maria Lucia Bevere
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Lucia Tricarico
- Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinico Riuniti University Hospital, 71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Michele D’Alto
- Department of Cardiology, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, University of Campania L. ‘Vanvitelli’, 80133 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Natale D. Brunetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (F.C.); (E.M.L.B.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, I School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Stefano Ghio
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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11
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Singh P, Guin D, Pattnaik B, Kukreti R. Mapping the genetic architecture of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Meta-analysis and epidemiological evidence of case-control studies. Gene 2024; 895:147993. [PMID: 37977320 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare and devastating fibrotic lung disorder with unknown etiology. Although it is believed that genetic component is an important risk factor for IPF, a comprehensive understanding of its genetic landscape is lacking. Hence, we aimed to highlight the susceptibility genes and pathways implicated in IPF pathogenesis through a two-staged systematic literature search of genetic association studies on IPF, followed by meta-analysis and pathway enrichment analysis. METHODS This study was performed based on PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42022297970). The first search was performed (using PubMed and Web of Science) retrieving a total of 5642 articles, of which 52 were eligible for inclusion in the first stage. The second search was performed (using PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus) for ten polymorphisms, identified from the first search, with 2 or more studies. Finally, seven polymorphisms, [rs35705950/MUC5B, rs2736100/TERT, rs2609255/FAM13A, rs2076295/DSP, rs12610495/DPP9, rs111521887/TOLLIP and rs1800470/TGF-β1] qualified for meta-analyses. The epidemiological credibility was evaluated using Venice criteria. RESULTS From the systematic review, 222 polymorphisms in 118 genes showed a significant association with IPF susceptibility. Meta-analyses findings revealed significant association of rs35705950/T [OR = 3.92(3.26-4.57)], rs2609255/G [OR = 1.50(1.18-1.82)], rs2076295/G [OR = 1.19(0.82-1.756)], rs12610495/G [OR = 1.28(1.12-1.44)], rs2736100/C [OR = 0.68(0.54-0.82), rs111521887/G [OR = 1.34(1.06-1.61)] and suggestive evidence for rs1800470/T [OR = 1.08(0.82-1.34)] with IPF susceptibility. Four polymorphisms- rs35705950/MUC5B, rs2736100/TERT, rs2076295/DSP and rs111521887/TOLLIP, exhibited substantial epidemiological evidence supporting their association with IPF risk. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis performed on IPF risk-associated genes identified a critical role of genes in mucin production, immune response and inflammation, host defence, cell-cell adhesion and telomere maintenance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings present the most prominent IPF-associated genetic risk variants involved in alveolar epithelial injuries (MUC5B, TERT, FAM13A, DSP, DPP9) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (TOLLIP, TGF-β1), providing genetic and biological insights into IPF pathogenesis. However, further experimental research and human studies with larger sample sizes, diverse ethnic representation, and rigorous design are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi, India; Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Bijay Pattnaik
- Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Asthma and Lung Diseases, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India; Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India.
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12
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Colunga Biancatelli RML, Solopov PA, Day T, Gregory B, Osei-nkansah M, Dimitropoulou C, Catravas JD. HSP70 Is a Critical Regulator of HSP90 Inhibitor's Effectiveness in Preventing HCl-Induced Chronic Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1920. [PMID: 38339194 PMCID: PMC10856755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hydrochloric acid (HCl) can provoke acute and chronic lung injury. Because of its extensive production for industrial use, frequent accidental exposures occur, making HCl one of the top five chemicals causing inhalation injuries. There are no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for HCl exposure. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors modulate transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and the development of chemical-induced pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known on the role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) during injury and treatment with HSP90 inhibitors. We hypothesized that administration of geranylgeranyl-acetone (GGA), an HSP70 inducer, or gefitinib (GFT), an HSP70 suppressant, alone or in combination with the HSP90 inhibitor, TAS-116, would improve or worsen, respectively, HCl-induced chronic lung injury in vivo and endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro. GGA, alone, improved HCl-induced human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) barrier dysfunction and, in combination with TAS-116, improved the protective effect of TAS-116. In mice, GGA reduced HCl toxicity and while TAS-116 alone blocked HCl-induced chronic lung injury, co-administration with GGA, resulted in further improvement. Conversely, GFT potentiated HCl-induced barrier dysfunction and impaired the antidotal effects of TAS-116. We conclude that combined treatments with HSP90 inhibitors and HSP70 inducers may represent a novel therapeutic approach to manage HCl-induced chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben M. L. Colunga Biancatelli
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA; (P.A.S.); (T.D.); (B.G.); (C.D.); (J.D.C.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Pavel A. Solopov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA; (P.A.S.); (T.D.); (B.G.); (C.D.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Tierney Day
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA; (P.A.S.); (T.D.); (B.G.); (C.D.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Betsy Gregory
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA; (P.A.S.); (T.D.); (B.G.); (C.D.); (J.D.C.)
| | - Michael Osei-nkansah
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA; (P.A.S.); (T.D.); (B.G.); (C.D.); (J.D.C.)
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Christiana Dimitropoulou
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA; (P.A.S.); (T.D.); (B.G.); (C.D.); (J.D.C.)
| | - John D. Catravas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA; (P.A.S.); (T.D.); (B.G.); (C.D.); (J.D.C.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- School of Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23509, USA
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13
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Zhang Q, Yan L, Lu Y, Liu X, Yin Y, Wang Q, Gu X, Zhou X. HDAC6-selective inhibitor CAY10603 ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced small airway remodeling by regulating epithelial barrier dysfunction and reversing. Respir Res 2024; 25:66. [PMID: 38317159 PMCID: PMC10840206 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small airway remodelling is a vital characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is mainly caused by epithelial barrier dysfunction and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent studies have indicated that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays an important role in the dysregulation of epithelial function. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of an inhibitor with high selectivity for HDAC6 in COPD. METHODS Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure was used to establish a CS-induced COPD mouse model. CAY10603 at doses of 2.5 and 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally on alternate days. The protective effects of CAY10603 against CS-induced emphysema, epithelial barrier function and small airway remodeling were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, and western blot. The human lung bronchial epithelial cell line (HBE) was used to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of action of CAY10603. RESULTS HDAC6 levels in the lung homogenates of CS-exposed mice were higher than that those in control mice. Compared to the CS group, the mean linear intercept (MLI) of the CAY10603 treatment group decreased and the mean alveolar number (MAN)increased. Collagen deposition was reduced in groups treated with CAY10603. The expression of α-SMA was markedly upregulated in the CS group, which was reversed by CAY10603 treatment. Conversely, E-cadherin expression in the CS group was further downregulated, which was reversed by CAY10603 treatment. CAY10603 affects the tight junction protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin. ZO-1 and occludin expression were markedly downregulated in the CS group. After CAY10603treatment, the protein expression level of ZO-1 and occludin increased significantly. In HBE cells, Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased HDAC6 levels. CAY10603 significantly attenuated the release of TGF-β1 induced by CSE. CAY10603 significantly increased the E-cadherin levels in TGF-β1 treated HBE cells, while concurrently attenuated α-SMA expression. This effect was achieved through the suppression of Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation. CAY10603 also inhibited TGF-β1 induced cell migration. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that CAY10603 inhibited CS induced small airway remodelling by regulating epithelial barrier dysfunction and reversing EMT via the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Shenyang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Respiratory Department, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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14
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Perez-Favila A, Garza-Veloz I, Hernandez-Marquez LDS, Gutierrez-Vela EF, Flores-Morales V, Martinez-Fierro ML. Antifibrotic Drugs against Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1562. [PMID: 38338840 PMCID: PMC10855955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the health and economy of the global population. Even after recovery from the disease, post-COVID-19 symptoms, such as pulmonary fibrosis, continue to be a concern. This narrative review aims to address pulmonary fibrosis (PF) from various perspectives, including the fibrotic mechanisms involved in idiopathic and COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, we also discuss the current therapeutic drugs in use, as well as those undergoing clinical or preclinical evaluation. Additionally, this article will address various biomarkers with usefulness for PF prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and severity assessment in order to provide better treatment strategies for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y CS, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (I.G.-V.); (L.d.S.H.-M.); (E.F.G.-V.); (V.F.-M.)
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15
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Škrgat S, Harlander M, Janić M. Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Asthma Pathogenesis and Clinical Outcomes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:173. [PMID: 38255279 PMCID: PMC10813771 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Common inflammatory ground links obesity, insulin resistance, and asthma. As recognition of their interplay, one worsening the natural course of the other, is recognised, questions remain about how to adequately address them altogether to improve clinical outcomes. The present manuscript sheds light on the problem, describing possible pathophysiological links, clinical views, and therapeutic challenges, raising questions about what remains to be done, and calling for multidisciplinary treatment of these patients to detect diseases early and adequately address them before they become full-blown and deteriorate their health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Škrgat
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Matevž Harlander
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Miodrag Janić
- Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Clinical Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Yoon H, Dean LS, Jiyarom B, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Nerurkar VR, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Devendra G, Koh Y, Park J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals characteristics of myeloid cells in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 patients with persistent respiratory symptoms. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1268510. [PMID: 38259488 PMCID: PMC10800799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although our understanding of the immunopathology and subsequent risk and severity of COVID-19 disease is evolving, a detailed account of immune responses that contribute to the long-term consequences of pulmonary complications in COVID-19 infection remains unclear. Few studies have detailed the immune and cytokine profiles associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with persistent pulmonary symptoms. The dysregulation of the immune system that drives pulmonary sequelae in COVID-19 survivors and PASC sufferers remains largely unknown. Results To characterize the immunological features of pulmonary PASC (PPASC), we performed droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a participant naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (Control) (n=1) and infected with SARS-CoV-2 with chronic pulmonary symptoms (PPASC) (n=2). After integrating scRNA-seq data with a naïve participant from a published dataset, 11 distinct cell populations were identified based on the expression of canonical markers. The proportion of myeloid-lineage cells ([MLCs]; CD14+/CD16+monocytes, and dendritic cells) was increased in PPASC (n=2) compared to controls (n=2). MLCs from PPASC displayed up-regulation of genes associated with pulmonary symptoms/fibrosis, while glycolysis metabolism-related genes were downregulated. Similarly, pathway analysis showed that fibrosis-related (VEGF, WNT, and SMAD) and cell death pathways were up-regulated, but immune pathways were down-regulated in PPASC. Further comparison of PPASC with scRNA-seq data with Severe COVID-19 (n=4) data demonstrated enrichment of fibrotic transcriptional signatures. In PPASC, we observed interactive VEGF ligand-receptor pairs among MLCs, and network modules in CD14+ (cluster 4) and CD16+ (Cluster 5) monocytes displayed a significant enrichment for biological pathways linked to adverse COVID-19 outcomes, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Further analysis revealed a distinct metabolic alteration in MLCs with a down-regulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in PPASC compared to SARS-CoV-2 naïve samples. Conclusion Analysis of a small scRNA-seq dataset demonstrated alterations in the immune response and cellular landscape in PPASC. The presence of elevated MLC levels and their corresponding gene signatures associated with fibrosis, immune response suppression, and altered metabolic states suggests a potential role in PPASC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundong Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Logan S. Dean
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vedbar S. Khadka
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youping Deng
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vivek R. Nerurkar
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Dominic C. Chow
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gehan Devendra
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youngil Koh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Park
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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17
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Wu T, Liu B, Wei Y, Li Z. TGF-β Regulates m 6A RNA Methylation after PM 2.5 Exposure. TOXICS 2023; 11:1026. [PMID: 38133427 PMCID: PMC10747615 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure leads to a variety of respiratory diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, metastatic lung cancer, etc. Exposure to PM2.5 results in the alteration of epigenetic modification. M6A RNA methylation is an essential epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Our previous study found that PM2.5 exposure up-regulated m6A RNA methylation and TGF-β expression level in the lung, but the mechanisms and pathways of PM2.5 regulation of m6A RNA methylation are still unclear. Moreover, a previous study reported that the TGF-β signal pathway could regulate m6A RNA methylation. Based on this evidence, we investigate the role of the TGF-β signaling pathway in PM2.5-induced m6A RNA methylation with the A549 cell line. Our results showed that PM2.5 could induce upregulation of m6A RNA methylation, accompanied by increased expression of TGF-β, Smad3, methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14). Furthermore, these alterations induced by PM2.5 exposure could be reversed by treatment with TGF-β inhibitor. Therefore, we speculated that the TGF-β signal pathway plays an indispensable role in regulating m6A RNA methylation after PM2.5 exposure. Our study demonstrates that PM2.5 exposure influences m6A RNA methylation by inducing the alteration of the TGF-β signal pathway, which could be an essential mechanism for lung-related diseases induced by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; (T.W.); (B.L.); (Y.W.)
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18
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Zhang Y, Sheng Y, Gao Y, Lin Y, Cheng B, Li H, Zhang L, Xu H. Exploration of the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Caused by Smoking-Based on Bioinformatics Analysis and In Vitro Experimental Evidence. TOXICS 2023; 11:995. [PMID: 38133396 PMCID: PMC10747869 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11120995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at investigating the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused by smoking-based on bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experimental evidence. The GEO, GEO2R, TargetScan, miRDB, miRWalk, DAVID, and STRING databases were used for bioinformatics analysis. The mRNA expression and the protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and ELISA. After taking the intersection of the diversified results of the databases, four differentially expressed miRNAs (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-708, hsa-miR-150, and hsa-miR-454) were screened out. Subsequently, a total of 57 target genes of the selected miRNAs were obtained. The results of DAVID analysis showed that the selected miRNAs participated in COPD pathogenesis through long-term potentiation, the TGF-β signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. The results of STRING prediction showed that TP53, EP300, and MAPK1 were the key nodes of the PPI network. The results of the confirmatory experiment showed that, compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of ZEB1, MAPK1, EP300, and SP1 were up-regulated, while the expression of MYB was down-regulated and the protein levels of ZEB1, MAPK1, and EP300 were increased. Taken together, miRNAs (hsa-miR-146a, hsa-miR-708, hsa-miR-150, and hsa-miR-454) and their regulated target genes and downstream protein molecules (ZEB1, EP300, and MAPK1) may be closely related to the pathological process of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Yuxin Sheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yanrong Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yujia Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
- The Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Haiming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China (Y.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan 750004, China
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19
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Nair AS, Jayan AP, Anandu KR, Saiprabha VN, Pappachen LK. Unraveling the prevalence of various signalling pathways in non-small-cell lung cancer: a review. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2875-2890. [PMID: 37014561 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become a huge public health issue all around the world. The focus of research is on innovative cancer therapy techniques that include the disease's unique targets. Among the cancer-related deaths that occur, lung cancer is considered to be one of the major, accounting for about 1.6 million fatalities globally in 2012, or nearly 20% of all cancer deaths. Non-small-cell lung cancer, a type of lung cancer comprises upto 84% of lung cancer cases, demonstrating the need for a more effective treatment. A novel category of cancer management, known as targeted cancer medicines, has risen to prominence in recent years. Targeted cancer treatments, like traditional chemotherapy, employ pharmacological drugs to slow cancer development, enhance cell death, and prevent it from spreading. Targeted treatments, as the name implies, work by interfering with particular proteins implicated in cancer. Numerous research conducted in the last several decades have led to the conclusion that signalling pathways are involved in the growth of lung cancer. All malignant tumours are produced, spread, invade, and behave in various abnormal ways due to abnormal pathways. Numerous significant signalling pathways, including the RTK/RAS/MAP-Kinase pathway (hence often referred to as RTK-RAS for simplicity), PI3K/Akt signalling, and others, have been discovered as commonly genetically changed. The current developments in research on various signalling pathways, as well as the underlying mechanisms of the molecules implicated in these pathways, are innovatively summarised in this review. To give a good sense of the study that has been done so far, many routes are placed together. Thus, this review includes the detailed description regarding each pathways, the mutations formed, and the present treatment strategy to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aathira Sujathan Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ajay P Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - K R Anandu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V N Saiprabha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - Leena K Pappachen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Analysis, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
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20
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Wang W, Shi W, Wang Y, Yang Y, Li P, Zeng Z, Hu W, Chen Y, Tang D, Dai Y. Systematic proteomics profiling of lysine crotonylation of the lung at Pseudoglandular and Canalicular phases in human fetus. Proteome Sci 2023; 21:22. [PMID: 38041078 PMCID: PMC10691156 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue is an important organ of the fetus, and genomic research on its development has improved our understanding of the biology of this tissue. However, the proteomic research of developing fetal lung tissue is still very scarce. We conducted comprehensive analysis of two developmental stages of fetal lung tissue of proteomics. It showed the developmental characteristics of lung tissue, such as the down-regulation of metabolism-related protein expression, the up-regulation of cell cycle-related proteins, and the regulation in proteins and pathways related to lung development. In addition, we also discovered some key core proteins related to lung development, and provided some key crotonylation modification sites that regulation during lung tissue development. Our comprehensive analysis of lung proteomics can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the developmental status of lung tissue, and provide a certain reference for future research and epigenetics of lung tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern, University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern, University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yane Yang
- Shenzhen Far East Women & Children Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Shenzhen Far East Women & Children Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Hu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital Southern University of Science and Technology, ShenzhenPeople's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China.
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21
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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Liu G, Agarwal V, MacLoughlin R, de Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Singh SK, Adams J, Nammi S, Chellappan DK, Oliver BGG, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Berberine-loaded engineered nanoparticles attenuate TGF-β-induced remodelling in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105660. [PMID: 37591407 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Airway remodelling occurs in chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is characterized by aberrant activation of epithelial reparation, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and airway obstruction. The master regulator is Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), which activates tissue repair, release of growth factors, EMT, increased cell proliferation, and reduced nitric oxide (NO) secretion. Due to its fundamental role in remodelling, TGF-β is an emerging target in the treatment of CRDs. Berberine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic activities whose clinical application is hampered by poor permeability. To overcome these limitations, in this study, berberine was encapsulated in monoolein-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles (BM-LCNs). The potential of BM-LCNs in inhibiting TGF-β-induced remodelling features in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) was tested. BM-LCNs significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced migration, reducing the levels of proteins upregulated by TGF-β including endoglin, thrombospondin-1, basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular-endothelial growth factor, and myeloperoxidase, and increasing the levels of cystatin C, a protein whose expression was downregulated by TGF-β. Furthermore, BM-LCNs restored baseline NO levels downregulated by TGF-β. The results prove the in vitro therapeutic efficacy of BM-LCNs in counteracting TGF-β-induced remodelling features. This study supports the suitability of berberine-loaded drug delivery systems to counteract airway remodelling, with potential application as a treatment strategy against CRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Aerogen, IDA Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Connacht, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Leinster, Ireland; School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
| | | | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Jon Adams
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Srinivas Nammi
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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22
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Pybus HJ, O'Dea RD, Brook BS. A dynamical model of TGF-β activation in asthmatic airways. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2023; 40:238-265. [PMID: 37285178 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive activation of the regulatory cytokine transforming growth factor $\beta $ (TGF-$\beta $) via contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is associated with the development of asthma. In this study, we develop an ordinary differential equation model that describes the change in density of the key airway wall constituents, ASM and extracellular matrix (ECM), and their interplay with subcellular signalling pathways leading to the activation of TGF-$\beta $. We identify bistable parameter regimes where there are two positive steady states, corresponding to either reduced or elevated TGF-$\beta $ concentration, with the latter leading additionally to increased ASM and ECM density. We associate the former with a healthy homeostatic state and the latter with a diseased (asthmatic) state. We demonstrate that external stimuli, inducing TGF-$\beta $ activation via ASM contraction (mimicking an asthmatic exacerbation), can perturb the system irreversibly from the healthy state to the diseased one. We show that the properties of the stimuli, such as their frequency or strength, and the clearance of surplus active TGF-$\beta $, are important in determining the long-term dynamics and the development of disease. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this model in investigating temporal responses to bronchial thermoplasty, a therapeutic intervention in which ASM is ablated by applying thermal energy to the airway wall. The model predicts the parameter-dependent threshold damage required to obtain irreversible reduction in ASM content, suggesting that certain asthma phenotypes are more likely to benefit from this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Pybus
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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23
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Lin M, Li W, Ni X, Sui Y, Li H, Chen X, Lu Y, Jiang M, Wang C. Growth factors in the treatment of Achilles tendon injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250533. [PMID: 37781529 PMCID: PMC10539943 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendon (AT) injury is one of the most common tendon injuries, especially in athletes, the elderly, and working-age people. In AT injury, the biomechanical properties of the tendon are severely affected, leading to abnormal function. In recent years, many efforts have been underway to develop effective treatments for AT injuries to enable patients to return to sports faster. For instance, several new techniques for tissue-engineered biological augmentation for tendon healing, growth factors (GFs), gene therapy, and mesenchymal stem cells were introduced. Increasing evidence has suggested that GFs can reduce inflammation, promote extracellular matrix production, and accelerate AT repair. In this review, we highlighted some recent investigations regarding the role of GFs, such as transforming GF-β(TGF-β), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), fibroblast GF (FGF), vascular endothelial GF (VEGF), platelet-derived GF (PDGF), and insulin-like GF (IGF), in tendon healing. In addition, we summarized the clinical trials and animal experiments on the efficacy of GFs in AT repair. We also highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of the different isoforms of TGF-β and BMPs, including GFs combined with stem cells, scaffolds, or other GFs. The strategies discussed in this review are currently in the early stages of development. It is noteworthy that although these emerging technologies may potentially develop into substantial clinical treatment options for AT injury, definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of tendon ailments could not be drawn due to the lack of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Lin
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Medical School, Shandong Modern University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Ni
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sui
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinren Chen
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongping Lu
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Liaoning Research Institute of Family Planning, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Zeng Q, Zhou TT, Huang WJ, Huang XT, Huang L, Zhang XH, Sang XX, Luo YY, Tian YM, Wu B, Liu L, Luo ZQ, He B, Liu W, Tang SY. Asarinin attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating PPARγ. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14706. [PMID: 37679587 PMCID: PMC10485066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease that lacks effective treatment modalities. Once patients are diagnosed with IPF, their median survival is approximately 3-5 years. PPARγ is an important target for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Asarinin is a lignan compound that can be extracted from food plant Asarum heterotropoides. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of asarinin in a pulmonary fibrosis model constructed using bleomycin in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. Intraperitoneal administration of asarinin to mice with pulmonary fibrosis showed that asarinin effectively attenuated pulmonary fibrosis, and this effect was significantly inhibited by the PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Asarinin inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition in vitro, while GW9662 and PPARγ gene silencing significantly inhibited this effect. In addition, asarinin inhibited not only the canonical Smad pathway of TGF-β but also the non-canonical AKT and MAPK pathways by activating PPARγ. Our study demonstrates that asarinin can be used as a therapeutic agent for pulmonary fibrosis, and that PPARγ is its key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhou
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Jie Huang
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zhang
- Hunan Prevention and Treatment Institute for Occupational Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Sang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Yang Luo
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Mei Tian
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Luo
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin He
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Aydin P, Aksakalli-Magden ZB, Civelek MS, Karabulut-Uzuncakmak S, Mokhtare B, Ozkaraca M, Alper F, Halici Z. The melatonin agonist ramelteon attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by suppressing the NLRP3/TGF-Β1/HMGB1 signaling pathway. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:322-331. [PMID: 37716182 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The possible effects of ramelteon, a melatonin receptor agonist on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis were analyzed via transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) which are related to the fibrosis process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bleomycin (0.1 mL of 5 mg/kg) was administered by intratracheal instillation to induce pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Starting 24 h after bleomycin administration, a single dose of ramelteon was administered by oral gavage to the healthy groups, i.e. PF + RM2 (pulmonary fibrosis model with bleomycin + ramelteon at 2 mg/kg) and PF + RM4 (pulmonary fibrosis model with bleomycin + ramelteon at 4 mg/kg) at 2 and 4 mg/kg doses, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) analyses, histopathological, and immunohistochemical staining were performed on lung tissues. Lung tomography images of the rats were also examined. RESULTS The levels of TGF-β1, HMGB1, NLRP3, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) mRNA expressions increased as a result of PF and subsequently decreased with both ramelteon doses (p < 0.0001). Both doses of ramelteon partially ameliorated the reduction in the peribronchovascular thickening, ground-glass appearances, and reticulations, and the loss of lung volume. CONCLUSIONS The severity of fibrosis decreased with ramelteon application. These effects of ramelteon may be associated with NLRP3 inflammation cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Aydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | | | - Maide S Civelek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Behzad Mokhtare
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cumhurıyet University, Sıvas, Turkey
| | - Fatih Alper
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zekai Halici
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Clinical Research, Development and Design Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wang X, Zhang J, Wu Y, Xu Y, Zheng J. SIgA in various pulmonary diseases. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:299. [PMID: 37635240 PMCID: PMC10464380 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is one of the most abundant immunoglobulin subtypes among mucosa, which plays an indispensable role in the first-line protection against invading pathogens and antigens. Therefore, the role of respiratory SIgA in respiratory mucosal immune diseases has attracted more and more attention. Although the role of SIgA in intestinal mucosal immunity has been widely studied, the cell types responsible for SIgA and the interactions between cells are still unclear. Here, we conducted a wide search of relevant studies and sorted out the relationship between SIgA and some pulmonary diseases (COPD, asthma, tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, COVID-19, lung cancer), which found SIgA is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of various lung diseases, intending to provide new ideas for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aoyang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No. 279, Jingang Avenue, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Yuncong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
| | - Jinxu Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, No. 438, Jiefang Road, Jingkou District, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu China
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27
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Lin CH, Chen YJ, Lin MW, Chang HJ, Yang XR, Lin CS. ACE2 and a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula NRICM101 Could Alleviate the Inflammation and Pathogenic Process of Acute Lung Injury. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1554. [PMID: 37763673 PMCID: PMC10533189 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a highly transmittable respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, and acute lung injury (ALI) is the major complication of COVID-19. The challenge in studying SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity is the limited availability of animal models. Therefore, it is necessary to establish animal models that can reproduce multiple characteristics of ALI to study therapeutic applications. The present study established a mouse model that has features of ALI that are similar to COVID-19 syndrome to investigate the role of ACE2 and the administration of the Chinese herbal prescription NRICM101 in ALI. Mice with genetic modifications, including overexpression of human ACE2 (K18-hACE2 TG) and absence of ACE2 (mACE2 KO), were intratracheally instillated with hydrochloric acid. The acid intratracheal instillation induced severe immune cell infiltration, cytokine storms, and pulmonary disease in mice. Compared with K18-hACE2 TG mice, mACE2 KO mice exhibited dramatically increased levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histological evidence of lung injury, and dysregulation of MAPK and MMP activation. In mACE2 KO mice, NRICM101 could ameliorate the disease progression of acid-induced ALI. In conclusion, the established mouse model provided an effective platform for researchers to investigate pathological mechanisms and develop therapeutic strategies for ALI, including COVID-19-related ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Han Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Meng-Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Ho-Ju Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Xin-Rui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
| | - Chih-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (H.-J.C.); (X.-R.Y.)
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
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Dy ABC, Girkin J, Marrocco A, Collison A, Mwase C, O'Sullivan MJ, Phung TKN, Mattes J, Koziol-White C, Gern JE, Bochkov YA, Bartlett NW, Park JA. Rhinovirus infection induces secretion of endothelin-1 from airway epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo models. Respir Res 2023; 24:205. [PMID: 37598152 PMCID: PMC10440034 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infection of airway epithelial cells triggers asthma exacerbations, during which airway smooth muscle (ASM) excessively contracts. Due to ASM contraction, airway epithelial cells become mechanically compressed. We previously reported that compressed human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells are a source of endothelin-1 (ET-1) that causes ASM contraction. Here, we hypothesized that epithelial sensing of RV by TLR3 and epithelial compression induce ET-1 secretion through a TGF-β receptor (TGFβR)-dependent mechanism. METHODS To test this, we used primary HBE cells well-differentiated in air-liquid interface culture and two mouse models (ovalbumin and house dust mite) of allergic airway disease (AAD). HBE cells were infected with RV-A16, treated with a TLR3 agonist (poly(I:C)), or exposed to compression. Thereafter, EDN1 (ET-1 protein-encoding gene) mRNA expression and secreted ET-1 protein were measured. We examined the role of TGFβR in ET-1 secretion using either a pharmacologic inhibitor of TGFβR or recombinant TGF-β1 protein. In the AAD mouse models, allergen-sensitized and allergen-challenged mice were subsequently infected with RV. We then measured ET-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) following methacholine challenge. RESULTS Our data reveal that RV infection induced EDN1 expression and ET-1 secretion in HBE cells, potentially mediated by TLR3. TGFβR activation was partially required for ET-1 secretion, which was induced by RV, poly(I:C), or compression. TGFβR activation alone was sufficient to increase ET-1 secretion. In AAD mouse models, RV induced ET-1 secretion in BALF, which positively correlated with AHR. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide evidence that RV infection increased epithelial-cell ET-1 secretion through a TGFβR-dependent mechanism, which contributes to bronchoconstriction during RV-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alane Blythe C Dy
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Jason Girkin
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Antonella Marrocco
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Adam Collison
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Chimwemwe Mwase
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Michael J O'Sullivan
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Thien-Khoi N Phung
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA
| | - Joerg Mattes
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | | | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, SPH1-315, USA.
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Mottais A, Riberi L, Falco A, Soccal S, Gohy S, De Rose V. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Mechanisms in Chronic Airway Diseases: A Common Process to Target? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12412. [PMID: 37569787 PMCID: PMC10418908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process, in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial traits and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. This transformation has been described in different lung diseases, such as lung cancer, interstitial lung diseases, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other muco-obstructive lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The exaggerated chronic inflammation typical of these pulmonary diseases can induce molecular reprogramming with subsequent self-sustaining aberrant and excessive profibrotic tissue repair. Over time this process leads to structural changes with progressive organ dysfunction and lung function impairment. Although having common signalling pathways, specific triggers and regulation mechanisms might be present in each disease. This review aims to describe the various mechanisms associated with fibrotic changes and airway remodelling involved in chronic airway diseases. Having better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the EMT process may help us to identify specific targets and thus lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or limit the onset of irreversible structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Mottais
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Luca Riberi
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Falco
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Soccal
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy; (L.R.); (A.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT, and Dermatology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Cystic Fibrosis Reference Centre, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginia De Rose
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Steiner CA, Koch SD, Evanoff T, Welch N, Kostelecky R, Callahan R, Murphy EM, Nguyen TT, Hall CHT, Lu S, de Zoeten EF, Weiser-Evans MCM, Cartwright IM, Colgan SP. The TNF ΔARE Mouse as a Model of Intestinal Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1013-1028. [PMID: 37169343 PMCID: PMC10433691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Crohn disease (CD) is a highly morbid chronic inflammatory disease. Although many patients with CD also develop fibrostenosing complications, there are no medical therapies for intestinal fibrosis. This is due, in part, to a lack of high-fidelity biomimetic models to enhance understanding and drug development, which highlights the need for developing in vivo models of inflammatory bowel disease-related intestinal fibrosis. This study investigates whether the TNFΔARE mouse, a model of ileal inflammation, also develops intestinal fibrosis. Several clinically relevant outcomes were studied, including features of structural fibrosis, histologic fibrosis, and gene expression. These include the use of a new luminal casting technique, traditional histologic outcomes, use of second harmonic imaging, and quantitative PCR. These features were studied in aged TNFΔARE mice as well as in cohorts of numerous ages. At >24 weeks of age, TNFΔARE mice developed structural, histologic, and transcriptional changes of ileal fibrosis. Protein and RNA expression profiles showed changes as early as 6 weeks, coinciding with histologic changes as early as 14 to 15 weeks. Overt structural fibrosis was delayed until at least 16 weeks and was most developed after 24 weeks. This study found that the TNFΔARE mouse is a viable and highly tractable model of ileal fibrosis. This model and the techniques used herein can be leveraged for both mechanistic studies and therapeutic development for the treatment of intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calen A Steiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Samuel D Koch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tamara Evanoff
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nichole Welch
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rachael Kostelecky
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rosemary Callahan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily M Murphy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Caroline H T Hall
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Edwin F de Zoeten
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian M Cartwright
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
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Konstantinidis I, Crothers K, Kunisaki KM, Drummond MB, Benfield T, Zar HJ, Huang L, Morris A. HIV-associated lung disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:39. [PMID: 37500684 PMCID: PMC11146142 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Lung disease encompasses acute, infectious processes and chronic, non-infectious processes such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and lung cancer. People living with HIV are at increased risk of both acute and chronic lung diseases. Although the use of effective antiretroviral therapy has diminished the burden of infectious lung disease, people living with HIV experience growing morbidity and mortality from chronic lung diseases. A key risk factor for HIV-associated lung disease is cigarette smoking, which is more prevalent in people living with HIV than in uninfected people. Other risk factors include older age, history of bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis and immunosuppression. Mechanistic investigations support roles for aberrant innate and adaptive immunity, local and systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, altered lung and gut microbiota, and environmental exposures such as biomass fuel burning in the development of HIV-associated lung disease. Assessment, prevention and treatment strategies are largely extrapolated from data from HIV-uninfected people. Smoking cessation is essential. Data on the long-term consequences of HIV-associated lung disease are limited. Efforts to continue quantifying the effects of HIV infection on the lung, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, are essential to advance our knowledge and optimize respiratory care in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Konstantinidis
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Crothers
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ken M Kunisaki
- Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M Bradley Drummond
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Heather J Zar
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- SA-MRC Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laurence Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Pritzl CJ, Luera D, Knudson KM, Quaney MJ, Calcutt MJ, Daniels MA, Teixeiro E. IKK2/NFkB signaling controls lung resident CD8 + T cell memory during influenza infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4331. [PMID: 37468506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell tissue resident memory (TRM) cells are especially suited to control pathogen spread at mucosal sites. However, their maintenance in lung is short-lived. TCR-dependent NFkB signaling is crucial for T cell memory but how and when NFkB signaling modulates tissue resident and circulating T cell memory during the immune response is unknown. Here, we find that enhancing NFkB signaling in T cells once memory to influenza is established, increases pro-survival Bcl-2 and CD122 levels thus boosting lung CD8+ TRM maintenance. By contrast, enhancing NFkB signals during the contraction phase of the response leads to a defect in CD8+ TRM differentiation without impairing recirculating memory subsets. Specifically, inducible activation of NFkB via constitutive active IKK2 or TNF interferes with TGFβ signaling, resulting in defects of lung CD8+ TRM imprinting molecules CD69, CD103, Runx3 and Eomes. Conversely, inhibiting NFkB signals not only recovers but improves the transcriptional signature and generation of lung CD8+ TRM. Thus, NFkB signaling is a critical regulator of tissue resident memory, whose levels can be tuned at specific times during infection to boost lung CD8+ TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Pritzl
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Dezzarae Luera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Karin M Knudson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Quaney
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Calcutt
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mark A Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Roy Blunt NextGen Precision Health Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Gao F, Qiu X, Li J, Yuan H, Jin W, Lin W. Pediatric adenovirus pneumonia: clinical practice and current treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1207568. [PMID: 37476615 PMCID: PMC10354292 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1207568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus pneumonia is common in pediatric upper respiratory tract infection, which is comparatively easy to develop into severe cases and has a high mortality rate with many influential sequelae. As for pathogenesis, adenoviruses can directly damage target cells and activate the immune response to varying degrees. Early clinical recognition depends on patients' symptoms and laboratory tests, including those under 2 years old, dyspnea with systemic toxic symptoms, atelectasis or emphysema in CT image, decreased leukocytes, and significantly increased C-reaction protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT), indicating the possibility of severe cases. Until now, there is no specific drug for adenovirus pneumonia, so in clinical practice, current treatment comprises antiviral drugs, respiratory support and bronchoscopy, immunomodulatory therapy, and blood purification. Additionally, post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO), hemophagocytic syndrome, and death should be carefully noted. Independent risk factors associated with the development of PIBO are invasive mechanical ventilation, intravenous steroid use, duration of fever, and male gender. Meanwhile, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, invasive mechanical ventilation, and low serum albumin levels are related to death. Among these, viral load and serological identification are not only "gold standard" for adenovirus pneumonia, but are also related to the severity and prognosis. Here, we discuss the progress of pathogenesis, early recognition, therapy, and risk factors for poor outcomes regarding severe pediatric adenovirus pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fayyad-Kazan M, Makki R, Homsi ME, Samadi A, Chaaban H, Majzoub RE, Hamade E, Fayyad-Kazan H, Badran B. Circulating microRNA profile in response to remdesivir treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Arch Virol 2023; 168:194. [PMID: 37380930 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a serious infectious disease caused by the recently discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a major global health crisis. Although no specific antiviral drugs have been proven to be fully effective against COVID-19, remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue prodrug, has shown beneficial effects when used to treat severe hospitalized COVID-19 cases. The molecular mechanism underlying this beneficial therapeutic effect is still vaguely understood. In this study, we assessed the effect of remdesivir treatment on the pattern of circulating miRNAs in the plasma of COVID-19 patients, which was analyzed using MiRCURY LNA miRNA miRNome qPCR Panels and confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The results revealed that remdesivir treatment can restore the levels of miRNAs that are upregulated in COVID-19 patients to the range observed in healthy subjects. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these miRNAs are involved in diverse biological processes, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), hippo, P53, mucin-type O-glycan biosynthesis, and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis signaling pathways. On the other hand, three miRNAs (hsa-miR-7-5p, hsa-miR-10b-5p, and hsa-miR-130b-3p) were found to be upregulated in patients receiving remdesivir treatment and in patients who experienced natural remission. These upregulated miRNAs could serve as biomarkers of COVID-19 remission. This study highlights that the therapeutic potential of remdesivir involves alteration of certain miRNA-regulated biological processes. Targeting of these miRNAs should therefore be considered for future COVID-19 treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, The American University of Iraq-Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Rawan Makki
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud El Homsi
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Samadi
- Molecular diagnostics Laboratory, Saida Governmental Hospital, Saida, Lebanon
| | - Hilal Chaaban
- Molecular diagnostics Laboratory, Saida Governmental Hospital, Saida, Lebanon
| | - Rania El Majzoub
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath-Beirut, Lebanon.
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Salehi Z, Motlagh Ghoochani BFN, Hasani Nourian Y, Jamalkandi SA, Ghanei M. The controversial effect of smoking and nicotine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37264452 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke in many diseases, notably COVID-19 infection, are being debated more frequently. The current basic data for COVID-19 is increasing and indicating the higher risk of COVID-19 infections in smokers due to the overexpression of corresponding host receptors to viral entry. However, current multi-national epidemiological reports indicate a lower incidence of COVID-19 disease in smokers. Current data indicates that smokers are more susceptible to some diseases and more protective of some other. Interestingly, nicotine is also reported to play a dual role, being both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. In the present study, we tried to investigate the effect of pure nicotine on various cells involved in COVID-19 infection. We followed an organ-based systematic approach to decipher the effect of nicotine in damaged organs corresponding to COVID-19 pathogenesis (12 related diseases). Considering that the effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke are different from each other, it is necessary to be careful in generalizing the effects of nicotine and cigarette to each other in the conducted researches. The generalization and the undifferentiation of nicotine from smoke is a significant bias. Moreover, different doses of nicotine stimulate different effects (dose-dependent response). In addition to further assessing the role of nicotine in COVID-19 infection and any other cases, a clever assessment of underlying diseases should also be considered to achieve a guideline for health providers and a personalized approach to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Azimzadeh Jamalkandi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Xu R, Wu M, Wang Y, Li C, Zeng L, Wang Y, Xiao M, Chen X, Geng S, Lai P, Du X, Weng J. Mesenchymal stem cells reversibly de-differentiate myofibroblasts to fibroblast-like cells by inhibiting the TGF-β-SMAD2/3 pathway. Mol Med 2023; 29:59. [PMID: 37098464 PMCID: PMC10131436 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblasts (MFB), one of the major effectors of pathologic fibrosis, mainly derived from the activation of fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT). Although MFBs were historically considered terminally differentiated cells, their potential for de-differentiation was recently recognized and implied with therapeutic value in treating fibrotic diseases, for instance, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). During the past decade, several methods were reported to block or reverse MFB differentiation, among which mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have demonstrated potential but undetermined therapeutic values. However, the MSC-mediated regulation of FMT and underlying mechanisms remained largely undefined. METHOD By identifying TGF-β1 hypertension as the pivotal landmark during the pro-fibrotic FMT, TGF-β1-induced MFB and MSC co-culture models were established and utilized to investigate regulations by MSC on FMT in vitro. Methods including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), Western blot, qPCR and flow cytometry were used. RESULT Our data revealed that TGF-β1 readily induced invasive signatures identified in fibrotic tissues and initiated MFB differentiation in normal FB. MSC reversibly de-differentiated MFB into a group of FB-like cells by selectively inhibiting the TGF-β-SMAD2/3 signaling. Importantly, these proliferation-boosted FB-like cells remained sensitive to TGF-β1 and could be re-induced into MFB. CONCLUSION Our findings highlighted the reversibility of MSC-mediated de-differentiation of MFB through TGF-β-SMAD2/3 signaling, which may explain MSC's inconsistent clinical efficacies in treating BO and other fibrotic diseases. These de-differentiated FB-like cells are still sensitive to TGF-β1 and may further deteriorate MFB phenotypes unless the pro-fibrotic microenvironment is corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohao Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wu
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingji Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulian Wang
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Maozhi Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Peilong Lai
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianyu Weng
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Molagoda IMN, Sanjaya SS, Lee KT, Choi YH, Lee JH, Lee MH, Kang CH, Lee CM, Kim GY. Derrone Targeting the TGF Type 1 Receptor Kinase Improves Bleomycin-Mediated Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibition of Smad Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087265. [PMID: 37108428 PMCID: PMC10138718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has a strong impact on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether derrone promotes anti-fibrotic effects on TGF-β1-stimulated MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Long-term treatment with high concentrations of derrone increased the cytotoxicity of MRC-5 cells; however, substantial cell death was not observed at low concentrations of derrone (below 0.05 μg/mL) during a three-day treatment. In addition, derrone significantly decreased the expressions of TGF-β1, fibronectin, elastin, and collagen1α1, and these decreases were accompanied by downregulation of α-SMA expression in TGF-β1-stimulated MRC-5 cells. Severe fibrotic histopathological changes in infiltration, alveolar congestion, and alveolar wall thickness were observed in bleomycin-treated mice; however, derrone supplementation significantly reduced these histological deformations. In addition, intratracheal administration of bleomycin resulted in lung collagen accumulation and high expression of α-SMA and fibrotic genes-including TGF-β1, fibronectin, elastin, and collagen1α1-in the lungs. However, fibrotic severity in intranasal derrone-administrated mice was significantly less than that of bleomycin-administered mice. Molecular docking predicted that derrone potently fits into the ATP-binding pocket of the TGF-β receptor type 1 kinase domain with stronger binding scores than ATP. Additionally, derrone inhibited TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocations of Smad2/3. Overall, derrone significantly attenuated TGF-β1-stimulated lung inflammation in vitro and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a murine model, indicating that derrone may be a promising candidate for preventing pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilandarage Menu Neelaka Molagoda
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Kyoung Tae Lee
- Forest Bioresources Department, Forest Microbiology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Joyce H Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Mi-Hwa Lee
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Kang
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Sun T, Li H, Zhang Y, Xiong G, Liang Y, Lu F, Zheng R, Zou Q, Hao J. Inhibitory Effects of 3-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-(difluoromethoxy) Benzoic Acid on TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation of In Vitro and Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076172. [PMID: 37047142 PMCID: PMC10094315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease characterized by lung inflammation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of type 2 lung epithelial cells leads to excessive extracellular matrix deposition, which plays an important role in fibrosis. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of 3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-(difluoromethoxy) benzoic acid (DGM) on pulmonary fibrosis and aimed to determine whether EMT plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and whether EMT can be used as a therapeutic target for DGM therapy to reduce IPF. Firstly, stimulation of in vitro cultured A549 cells to construct EMTs with TGF-β1. DGM treatment inhibited the expression of proteins such as α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen Ⅰ and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Accordingly, Smad2/3 phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced by DGM treatment. Secondly, models of tracheal instillation of bleomycin and DGM were used to treat rats to demonstrate their therapeutic effects, such as improving lung function, reducing lung inflammation and fibrosis, reducing collagen deposition, and reducing the expression of E-cadherin. In conclusion, DGM attenuates TGF-β1-induced EMT in A549 cells and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Haihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guixin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuerun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
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Greaney AM, Raredon MSB, Kochugaeva MP, Niklason LE, Levchenko A. SARS-CoV-2 leverages airway epithelial protective mechanism for viral infection. iScience 2023; 26:106175. [PMID: 36788793 PMCID: PMC9912025 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite much concerted effort to better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection, relatively little is known about the dynamics of early viral entry and infection in the airway. Here we analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of early SARS-CoV-2 infection in a humanized in vitro model, to elucidate key mechanisms by which the virus triggers a cell-systems-level response in the bronchial epithelium. We find that SARS-CoV-2 virus preferentially enters the tissue via ciliated cell precursors, giving rise to a population of infected mature ciliated cells, which signal to basal cells, inducing further rapid differentiation. This feedforward loop of infection is mitigated by further cell-cell communication, before interferon signaling begins at three days post-infection. These findings suggest hijacking by the virus of potentially beneficial tissue repair mechanisms, possibly exacerbating the outcome. This work both elucidates the interplay between barrier tissues and viral infections and may suggest alternative therapeutic approaches targeting non-immune response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Marie Greaney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Micha Sam Brickman Raredon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Maria P. Kochugaeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Laura E. Niklason
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Humacyte Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Corresponding author
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Trials and Treatments: An Update on Pharmacotherapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020486. [PMID: 36836843 PMCID: PMC9963632 DOI: 10.3390/life13020486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease that occurs predominantly in the older population. There is increasing incidence and prevalence in IPF globally. The emergence of anti-fibrotic therapies in the last decade have improved patient survival though a cure is yet to be developed. In this review article, we aim to summarize the existing and novel pharmacotherapies for the treatment of IPF (excluding treatments for acute exacerbations), focusing on the current knowledge on the pathophysiology of the disease, mechanism of action of the drugs, and clinical trials.
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Steiner CA, Koch SD, Evanoff T, Welch N, Kostelecky R, Callahan R, Murphy EM, Hall CHT, Lu S, Weiser-Evans MC, Cartwright IM, Colgan SP. The TNF ΔARE mouse as a model of intestinal fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.13.523973. [PMID: 36712048 PMCID: PMC9882211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.13.523973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Background & Aims Crohn's disease (CD) is a highly morbid chronic inflammatory disease. The majority of CD patients also develop fibrostenosing complications. Despite this, there are no medical therapies for intestinal fibrosis. This is in part due to lack of high-fidelity biomimetic models to enhance understanding and drug development. There is a need to develop in vivo models of inflammatory bowel disease-related intestinal fibrosis. We sought to determine if the TNF ΔARE mouse, a model of ileal inflammation, may also develop intestinal fibrosis. Methods Several clinically relevant outcomes were studied including features of structural fibrosis, histological fibrosis, and gene expression. These include the use of a luminal casting technique we developed, traditional histological outcomes, use of second harmonic imaging, and quantitative PCR. These features were studied in aged TNF ΔARE mice as well as in cohorts of numerous ages. Results At ages of 24+ weeks, TNF ΔARE mice develop structural, histological, and genetic changes of ileal fibrosis. Genetic expression profiles have changes as early as six weeks, followed by histological changes occurring as early as 14-15 weeks, and overt structural fibrosis delayed until after 24 weeks. Discussion The TNF ΔARE mouse is a viable and highly tractable model of intestinal fibrosis. This model and the techniques employed can be leveraged for both mechanistic studies and therapeutic development for the treatment of intestinal fibrosis.
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42
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Biological and Mechanical Factors and Epigenetic Regulation Involved in Tendon Healing. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:4387630. [PMID: 36655033 PMCID: PMC9842431 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4387630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendons are an important part of the musculoskeletal system. Connecting muscles to bones, tendons convert force into movement. Tendon injury can be acute or chronic. Noticeably, tendon healing requires a long time span and includes inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling processes. The mismatch between endogenous and exogenous healing may lead to adhesion causing further negative effects. Management of tendon injuries and complications such as subsequent adhesion formation are still challenges for clinicians. Due to numerous factors, tendon healing is a complex process. This review introduces the role of various biological and mechanical factors and epigenetic regulation processes involved in tendon healing.
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Ye X, Li J, Liu Z, Sun X, Wei D, Song L, Wu C. Peptide mediated therapy in fibrosis: Mechanisms, advances and prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113978. [PMID: 36423541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a disease characterized by an excess accumulation of extracellular matrix components, could lead to organ failure and death, and is to blame for up to 45 % of all fatalities in developed nations. These disorders all share the common trait of an unchecked and increasing accumulation of fibrotic tissue in the affected organs, which leads to their malfunction and eventual failure, even if their underlying causes are highly diverse and, in some cases, remain unclear. Numerous studies have identified activated myofibroblasts as the common cellular elements ultimately responsible for the replacement of normal tissues with nonfunctional fibrotic tissue. The transforming growth factor-β pathway, for instance, plays a significant role in practically all kinds of fibrosis. However, there is no specific drug for the treatment of fibrosis, several medications with anti-hepatic fibrosis properties are still in the research and development stages. Peptide, which refers to a substance consisting of 2-50 amino acids, is characterized by structural diversity, low toxicity, biological activities, easy absorption, specific targeting, few side effects, and has been proven to be effective in anti-fibrosis. Here, we summarized various anti-fibrosis peptides in fibrosis including the liver, lungs, kidneys, and other organs. This review will provide a new insight into peptide mediated anti-fibrosis and is helpful to creation of antifibrotic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jinhu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Zibo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Daneng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Linjiang Song
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Shah SD, Nayak AP, Sharma P, Villalba DR, Addya S, Huang W, Shapiro P, Kane MA, Deshpande DA. Targeted Inhibition of Select Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases 1 and 2 Functions Mitigates Pathological Features of Asthma in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:23-38. [PMID: 36067041 PMCID: PMC9817918 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0110oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2) regulate the activity of various transcription factors that contribute to asthma pathogenesis. Although an attractive drug target, broadly inhibiting ERK1/2 is challenging because of unwanted cellular toxicities. We have identified small molecule inhibitors with a benzenesulfonate scaffold that selectively inhibit ERK1/2-mediated activation of AP-1 (activator protein-1). Herein, we describe the findings of targeting ERK1/2-mediated substrate-specific signaling with the small molecule inhibitor SF-3-030 in a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma. In 8- to 10-week-old BALB/c mice, allergic asthma was established by repeated intranasal HDM (25 μg/mouse) instillation for 3 weeks (5 days/week). A subgroup of mice was prophylactically dosed with 10 mg/kg SF-3-030/DMSO intranasally 30 minutes before the HDM challenge. Following the dosing schedule, mice were evaluated for alterations in airway mechanics, inflammation, and markers of airway remodeling. SF-3-030 treatment significantly attenuated HDM-induced elevation of distinct inflammatory cell types and cytokine concentrations in BAL and IgE concentrations in the lungs. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue sections revealed diminished HDM-induced pleocellular peribronchial inflammation, mucus cell metaplasia, collagen accumulation, thickening of airway smooth muscle mass, and expression of markers of cell proliferation (Ki-67 and cyclin D1) in mice treated with SF-3-030. Furthermore, SF-3-030 treatment attenuated HDM-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Finally, mechanistic studies using transcriptome and proteome analyses suggest inhibition of HDM-induced genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling by SF-3-030. These preclinical findings demonstrate that function-selective inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling mitigates multiple features of asthma in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut D. Shah
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, and
| | - Ajay P. Nayak
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, and
| | - Pawan Sharma
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jane and Leonard Korman Lung Center, and
| | | | - Sankar Addya
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland
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Li X, Zhu H, Wen J, Huang J, Chen Y, Tian M, Ren J, Zhou L, Yang Q. Inhibition of BRD4 decreases fibrous scarring after ischemic stroke in rats by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Brain Res 2022; 1797:148126. [PMID: 36244457 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Fibrous scarring may play a much more important role in preventing secondary expansion of tissue damage and hindering repair and regeneration than glial scarring after central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, relatively little is known about how fibrous scars form and how fibrous scar formation is regulated after CNS injury. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is involved in fibrosis in many tissues, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2/3 signaling is one of the critical pathways of fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether and how BRD4 affects fibrous scar formation after ischemicbraininjury. In the present study, whether BRD4 can regulate the formation of fibrous scars after ischemic stroke via TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary meningeal fibroblasts isolated from neonatal SD rats were treated with TGF-β1, SB431542 (a TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor) and JQ1 (a small-molecule BET inhibitor that can also inhibit BRD4). BRD4 was knocked down in adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by using adenovirus before middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury. The proliferation and migration of meningeal fibroblasts in vitro were evaluated with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and scratch test, respectively. Neurological function was assessed with Longa scores, modified Bederson Scores and modified neurological severity scores (mNSSs). The infarct volume was assessed with TTC staining. The protein expression of synaptophysin (SY), BRD4, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen-1 (COL1) and fibronectin (FN) in vivo and in vitro was examined with immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS BRD4 expression was upregulated in a TGF-β1-induced meningeal fibroblast fibrosis model and was downregulated by the TGF-β1 receptor inhibitor SB431542 in vitro. JQ1, a small-molecule BET inhibitor, inhibited BRD4 and decreased TGF-β1-induced meningeal fibroblast proliferation, migration and activation. Furthermore, MCAO/R injury induced fibrosis and upregulated BRD4 expression in the cerebral infarct center. BRD4 knockdown by adenovirus inhibited fibrous scarring, promoted synaptic survival, decreased the infarct volume, and improved neurological function after MCAO/R injury. Moreover, inhibition of BRD4, either by JQ1 in vitro or adenovirus in vivo, decreased the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to indicate that inhibition of BRD4 delays fibrous scarring after ischemic stroke through mechanisms involving the phosphorylation of Smad2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiagui Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingfen Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangxia Ren
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Ahangari F, Becker C, Foster DG, Chioccioli M, Nelson M, Beke K, Wang X, Justet A, Adams T, Readhead B, Meador C, Correll K, Lili LN, Roybal HM, Rose KA, Ding S, Barnthaler T, Briones N, DeIuliis G, Schupp JC, Li Q, Omote N, Aschner Y, Sharma L, Kopf KW, Magnusson B, Hicks R, Backmark A, Dela Cruz CS, Rosas I, Cousens LP, Dudley JT, Kaminski N, Downey GP. Saracatinib, a Selective Src Kinase Inhibitor, Blocks Fibrotic Responses in Preclinical Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1463-1479. [PMID: 35998281 PMCID: PMC9757097 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202010-3832oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and often fatal disorder. Two U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved antifibrotic drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, slow the rate of decline in lung function, but responses are variable and side effects are common. Objectives: Using an in silico data-driven approach, we identified a robust connection between the transcriptomic perturbations in IPF disease and those induced by saracatinib, a selective Src kinase inhibitor originally developed for oncological indications. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that saracatinib would be effective at attenuating pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: We investigated the antifibrotic efficacy of saracatinib relative to nintedanib and pirfenidone in three preclinical models: 1) in vitro in normal human lung fibroblasts; 2) in vivo in bleomycin and recombinant Ad-TGF-β (adenovirus transforming growth factor-β) murine models of pulmonary fibrosis; and 3) ex vivo in mice and human precision-cut lung slices from these two murine models as well as patients with IPF and healthy donors. Measurements and Main Results: In each model, the effectiveness of saracatinib in blocking fibrogenic responses was equal or superior to nintedanib and pirfenidone. Transcriptomic analyses of TGF-β-stimulated normal human lung fibroblasts identified specific gene sets associated with fibrosis, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β, and WNT signaling that was uniquely altered by saracatinib. Transcriptomic analysis of whole-lung extracts from the two animal models of pulmonary fibrosis revealed that saracatinib reverted many fibrogenic pathways, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune responses, and extracellular matrix organization. Amelioration of fibrosis and inflammatory cascades in human precision-cut lung slices confirmed the potential therapeutic efficacy of saracatinib in human lung fibrosis. Conclusions: These studies identify novel Src-dependent fibrogenic pathways and support the study of the therapeutic effectiveness of saracatinib in IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Ahangari
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christine Becker
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Daniel G. Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Maurizio Chioccioli
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Meghan Nelson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Keriann Beke
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Aurelien Justet
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Service de Pneumologie, UNICAEN, Normandie University, Caen, France
| | - Taylor Adams
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Carly Meador
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kelly Correll
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Loukia N. Lili
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
| | - Helen M. Roybal
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kadi-Ann Rose
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuizi Ding
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Thomas Barnthaler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Section of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Natalie Briones
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Giuseppe DeIuliis
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jonas C. Schupp
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Qin Li
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norihito Omote
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yael Aschner
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Katrina W. Kopf
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Björn Magnusson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals Research & Development Cell Therapy, Research, and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Backmark
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Leslie P. Cousens
- Emerging Innovations, Discovery Sciences, Research & Development, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel T. Dudley
- Institute for Next Generation Healthcare, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gregory P. Downey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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47
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Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314959. [PMID: 36499287 PMCID: PMC9735580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive lung disease that steadily leads to lung architecture disruption and respiratory failure. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is mostly the result of previous acute lung inflammation, caused by a wide variety of etiological factors, not resolved over time and causing the deposition of fibrotic tissue in the lungs. Despite a long history of study and good coverage of the problem in the scientific literature, the effective therapeutic approaches for pulmonary fibrosis treatment are currently lacking. Thus, the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from acute lung inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis, and the search for new molecular markers and promising therapeutic targets to prevent pulmonary fibrosis development, remain highly relevant tasks. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological characteristics and outcomes of acute lung inflammation as a precursor of pulmonary fibrosis; the pathomorphological changes in the lungs during fibrosis development; the known molecular mechanisms and key players of the signaling pathways mediating acute lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the characteristics of the most common in vivo models of these processes. Moreover, the prognostic markers of acute lung injury severity and pulmonary fibrosis development as well as approved and potential therapeutic approaches suppressing the transition from acute lung inflammation to fibrosis are discussed.
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48
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Ortiz-Zapater E, Bagley DC, Hernandez VL, Roberts LB, Maguire TJA, Voss F, Mertins P, Kirchner M, Peset-Martin I, Woszczek G, Rosenblatt J, Gotthardt M, Santis G, Parsons M. Epithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6407. [PMID: 36302767 PMCID: PMC9613683 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation and remodelling are important pathophysiologic features in asthma and other respiratory conditions. An intact epithelial cell layer is crucial to maintain lung homoeostasis, and this depends on intercellular adhesion, whilst damaged respiratory epithelium is the primary instigator of airway inflammation. The Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is highly expressed in the epithelium where it modulates cell-cell adhesion stability and facilitates immune cell transepithelial migration. However, the contribution of CAR to lung inflammation remains unclear. Here we investigate the mechanistic contribution of CAR in mediating responses to the common aeroallergen, House Dust Mite (HDM). We demonstrate that administration of HDM in mice lacking CAR in the respiratory epithelium leads to loss of peri-bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, fewer goblet-cells and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In vitro analysis in human lung epithelial cells confirms that loss of CAR leads to reduced HDM-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and neutrophil migration. Epithelial CAR depletion also promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation mediated by GSK3β and TGF-β, basal matrix production and airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data demonstrate that CAR coordinates lung inflammation through a dual function in leucocyte recruitment and tissue remodelling and may represent an important target for future therapeutic development in inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dustin C Bagley
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Luke B Roberts
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J A Maguire
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Felizia Voss
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK Partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Grzegorz Woszczek
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in the Helmholtz Assoziation (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
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49
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Torres-Soria AK, Romero Y, Balderas-Martínez YI, Velázquez-Cruz R, Torres-Espíndola LM, Camarena A, Flores-Soto E, Solís-Chagoyán H, Ruiz V, Carlos-Reyes Á, Salinas-Lara C, Luis-García ER, Chávez J, Castillejos-López M, Aquino-Gálvez A. Functional Repercussions of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192938. [PMID: 36230900 PMCID: PMC9562026 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are essential in regulating several cellular processes, such as survival, differentiation, and the cell cycle; this adaptation is orchestrated in a complex way. In this review, we focused on the impact of hypoxia in the physiopathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) related to lung development, regeneration, and repair. There is robust evidence that the responses of HIF-1α and -2α differ; HIF-1α participates mainly in the acute phase of the response to hypoxia, and HIF-2α in the chronic phase. The analysis of their structure and of different studies showed a high specificity according to the tissue and the process involved. We propose that hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2a (HIF-2α) is part of the persistent aberrant regeneration associated with developing IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karen Torres-Soria
- Red MEDICI, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Yair Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yalbi I. Balderas-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | | | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 04530, Mexico
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Víctor Ruiz
- Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Onco-Inmunobiología, Departamento de Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Citlaltepetl Salinas-Lara
- Red MEDICI, Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores de Iztacala Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Erika Rubí Luis-García
- Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jaime Chávez
- Departamento de Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades, Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Departamento de Epidemiología y Estadística, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades, Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.C.-L.); (A.A.-G.)
| | - Arnoldo Aquino-Gálvez
- Departamento de Fibrosis Pulmonar, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.C.-L.); (A.A.-G.)
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50
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Su X, Wu W, Zhu Z, Lin X, Zeng Y. The effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in COPD induced by cigarette smoke: an update. Respir Res 2022; 23:225. [PMID: 36045410 PMCID: PMC9429334 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a large number of compounds with a variety of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke significantly increases the risk of a variety of diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a unique biological process, that refers to epithelial cells losing their polarity and transforming into mobile mesenchymal cells, playing a crucial role in organ development, fibrosis, and cancer progression. Numerous recent studies have shown that EMT is an important pathophysiological process involved in airway fibrosis, airway remodeling, and malignant transformation of COPD. In this review, we summarized the effects of cigarette smoke on the development and progression of COPD and focus on the specific changes and underlying mechanisms of EMT in COPD induced by cigarette smoke. We spotlighted the signaling pathways involved in EMT induced by cigarette smoke and summarize the current research and treatment approaches for EMT in COPD, aiming to provide ideas for potential new treatment and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China.
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