1
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Jahanshahi S, Ouyang H, Ahmed C, Zahedi Amiri A, Dahal S, Mao YQ, Van Ommen DAJ, Malty R, Duan W, Been T, Hernandez J, Mangos M, Nurtanto J, Babu M, Attisano L, Houry WA, Moraes TJ, Cochrane A. Broad spectrum post-entry inhibitors of coronavirus replication: Cardiotonic steroids and monensin. Virology 2024; 589:109915. [PMID: 37931588 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A small molecule screen identified several cardiotonic steroids (digitoxin and ouabain) and the ionophore monensin as potent inhibitors of HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, and SARS-CoV-2 replication with EC50s in the low nM range. Subsequent tests confirmed antiviral activity in primary cell models including human nasal epithelial cells and lung organoids. Addition of digitoxin, ouabain, or monensin strongly reduced viral gene expression as measured by both viral protein and RNA accumulation. Furthermore, the compounds acted post virus entry. While the antiviral activity of digitoxin was dependent upon activation of the MEK and JNK signaling pathways but not signaling through GPCRs, the antiviral effect of monensin was reversed upon inhibition of several signaling pathways. Together, the data demonstrates the potent anti-coronavirus properties of two classes of FDA approved drugs that function by altering the properties of the infected cell, rendering it unable to support virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Jahanshahi
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Choudhary Ahmed
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Zahedi Amiri
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Subha Dahal
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu-Qian Mao
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ramy Malty
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Wenming Duan
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Terek Been
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Maria Mangos
- Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mohan Babu
- Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Donnelly Center, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walid A Houry
- Dept. of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dept. of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Cochrane
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Dashti F, Jamshed F, Ouyang X, Mehal WZ, Banini BA. Digoxin as an emerging therapy in noncardiac diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:199-203. [PMID: 36396496 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac glycoside (CG) digoxin is a generic drug approved for the treatment of heart failure and supraventricular arrhythmias. Over the past few decades, substantial strides have been made toward repurposing digoxin to treat various noncardiac diseases. Here, we evaluate recent insights into basic and clinical work related to noncardiac use of digoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Dashti
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fatima Jamshed
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Griffin Hospital-Yale University, 130 Division Street, Derby, CT 06418, USA
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; West Haven Veterans Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Bubu A Banini
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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3
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Jamshed F, Dashti F, Ouyang X, Mehal WZ, Banini BA. New uses for an old remedy: Digoxin as a potential treatment for steatohepatitis and other disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:1824-1837. [PMID: 37032732 PMCID: PMC10080697 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i12.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Repurposing of the widely available and relatively cheap generic cardiac gly-coside digoxin for non-cardiac indications could have a wide-ranging impact on the global burden of several diseases. Over the past several years, there have been significant advances in the study of digoxin pharmacology and its potential non-cardiac clinical applications, including anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, metabolic, and antimicrobial use. Digoxin holds promise in the treatment of gastrointestinal disease, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and alcohol-associated steatohepatitis as well as in obesity, cancer, and treatment of viral infections, among other conditions. In this review, we provide a summary of the clinical uses of digoxin to date and discuss recent research on its emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Jamshed
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- Griffin Hospital-Yale University, Derby, CT 06418, United States
| | - Farzaneh Dashti
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
- West Haven Veterans Medical Center, West Haven, CT 06516, United States
| | - Bubu A Banini
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
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4
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Gunawan R, Yang M, Lau C. X-RAY MEASUREMENT OF INTRACELLULAR CHLORIDE AND OTHER IONS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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5
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The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of Ionophores for the treatment of human infection. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111661. [PMID: 34896767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ionophores are a diverse class of synthetic and naturally occurring ion transporter compounds which demonstrate both direct and in-direct antimicrobial properties against a broad panel of bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pathogens. In addition, ionophores can regulate the host-immune response during communicable and non-communicable disease states. Although the clinical use of ionophores such as Amphotericin B, Bedaquiline and Ivermectin highlight the utility of ionophores in modern medicine, for many other ionophore compounds issues surrounding toxicity, bioavailability or lack of in vivo efficacy studies have hindered clinical development. The antimicrobial and immunomodulating properties of a range of compounds with characteristics of ionophores remain largely unexplored. As such, ionophores remain a latent therapeutic avenue to address both the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, and the unmet clinical need for new antimicrobial therapies. This review will provide an overview of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties of ionophores, and their potential uses in clinical medicine for combatting infection.
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6
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Malhi M, Norris MJ, Duan W, Moraes TJ, Maynes JT. Statin-mediated disruption of Rho GTPase prenylation and activity inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1239. [PMID: 34716403 PMCID: PMC8556396 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections in children. To uncover new antiviral therapies, we developed a live cell-based high content screening approach for rapid identification of RSV inhibitors and characterized five drug classes which inhibit the virus. Among the molecular targets for each hit, there was a strong functional enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways. Modulation of lipid metabolites by statins, a key hit from our screen, decreases the production of infectious virus through a combination of cholesterol and isoprenoid-mediated effects. Notably, RSV infection globally upregulates host protein prenylation, including the prenylation of Rho GTPases. Treatment by statins or perillyl alcohol, a geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor, reduces infection in vitro. Of the Rho GTPases assayed in our study, a loss in Rac1 activity strongly inhibits the virus through a decrease in F protein surface expression. Our findings provide new insight into the importance of host lipid metabolism to RSV infection and highlight geranylgeranyltransferases as an antiviral target for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Malhi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Norris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenming Duan
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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7
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Duan W, Cen Y, Lin C, Ouyang H, Du K, Kumar A, Wang B, Avolio J, Grasemann H, Moraes TJ. Inflammatory epithelial cytokines after in vitro respiratory syncytial viral infection are associated with reduced lung function. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00365-2021. [PMID: 34527729 PMCID: PMC8435810 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00365-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in early life predispose children with cystic fibrosis (CF) to more severe lung function decline in later life. The mechanisms explaining the associations between RSV and progression of CF lung disease are not clear. In this study, a human bronchial epithelial cell line and primary human nasal epithelial cells (PNECs) from individuals with CF and healthy control donors were infected with RSV. Real-time PCR, plaque assay, cytokine detection, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were performed. RSV is replicated to a higher degree in CF epithelial cells as compared to control cells; however, no defects in innate immune pathways were identified in CF cells. Rather, primary p.Phe508del cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator PNECs produced more cytokines after RSV infection than control cells. Moreover, interleukin-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α production post RSV negatively correlated with lung function (% predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in the individuals who donated the cells. These data suggest that CF epithelium has a dysfunctional response to RSV allowing for enhanced viral replication and an exaggerated inflammatory response that ultimately may predispose to greater airway inflammation and reduced lung function. This work demonstrates an association between epithelial inflammatory cytokines after in vitro viral infection and lung function in cystic fibrosis, and reinforces the importance of studying innate immune epithelial cell function in cystic fibrosishttps://bit.ly/3gDNwwo
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Duan
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuchen Cen
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cindy Lin
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kai Du
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anushree Kumar
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Borui Wang
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Avolio
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Program in Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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8
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Škubník J, Bejček J, Pavlíčková VS, Rimpelová S. Repurposing Cardiac Glycosides: Drugs for Heart Failure Surmounting Viruses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185627. [PMID: 34577097 PMCID: PMC8469069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a successful approach in medicinal research. It significantly simplifies the long-term process of clinical drug evaluation, since the drug being tested has already been approved for another condition. One example of drug repositioning involves cardiac glycosides (CGs), which have, for a long time, been used in heart medicine. Moreover, it has been known for decades that CGs also have great potential in cancer treatment and, thus, many clinical trials now evaluate their anticancer potential. Interestingly, heart failure and cancer are not the only conditions for which CGs could be effectively used. In recent years, the antiviral potential of CGs has been extensively studied, and with the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this interest in CGs has increased even more. Therefore, here, we present CGs as potent and promising antiviral compounds, which can interfere with almost any steps of the viral life cycle, except for the viral attachment to a host cell. In this review article, we summarize the reported data on this hot topic and discuss the mechanisms of antiviral action of CGs, with reference to the particular viral life cycle phase they interfere with.
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9
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Li X, Peng T. Strategy, Progress, and Challenges of Drug Repurposing for Efficient Antiviral Discovery. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:660710. [PMID: 34017257 PMCID: PMC8129523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.660710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging or re-emerging viruses are still major threats to public health. Prophylactic vaccines represent the most effective way to prevent virus infection; however, antivirals are more promising for those viruses against which vaccines are not effective enough or contemporarily unavailable. Because of the slow pace of novel antiviral discovery, the high disuse rates, and the substantial cost, repurposing of the well-characterized therapeutics, either approved or under investigation, is becoming an attractive strategy to identify the new directions to treat virus infections. In this review, we described recent progress in identifying broad-spectrum antivirals through drug repurposing. We defined the two major categories of the repurposed antivirals, direct-acting repurposed antivirals (DARA) and host-targeting repurposed antivirals (HTRA). Under each category, we summarized repurposed antivirals with potential broad-spectrum activity against a variety of viruses and discussed the possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we proposed the potential investigative directions of drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Nonredundant roles of DIAPHs in primary ciliogenesis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100680. [PMID: 33872598 PMCID: PMC8122175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are hubs for several signaling pathways, and disruption in cilia function and formation leads to a range of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. Both ciliogenesis and cilia maintenance depend on vesicle trafficking along a network of microtubules and actin filaments toward the basal body. The DIAPH (Diaphanous-related) family of formins promote both actin polymerization and microtubule (MT) stability. Recently, we showed that the formin DIAPH1 is involved in ciliogenesis. However, the role of other DIAPH family members in ciliogenesis had not been investigated. Here we show that depletion of either DIAPH2 or DIAPH3 also disrupted ciliogenesis and cilia length. DIAPH3 depletion also reduced trafficking within cilia. To specifically examine the role of DIAPH3 at the base, we used fused full-length DIAPH3 to centrin, which targeted DIAPH3 to the basal body, causing increased trafficking to the ciliary base, an increase in cilia length, and formation of bulbs at the tips of cilia. Additionally, we confirmed that the microtubule-stabilizing properties of DIAPH3 are important for its cilia length functions and trafficking. These results indicate the importance of DIAPH proteins in regulating cilia maintenance. Moreover, defects in ciliogenesis caused by DIAPH depletion could only be rescued by expression of the specific family member depleted, indicating nonredundant roles for these proteins.
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11
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Spacova I, De Boeck I, Bron PA, Delputte P, Lebeer S. Topical Microbial Therapeutics against Respiratory Viral Infections. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:538-553. [PMID: 33879402 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that microbial therapeutics can prevent and treat respiratory viral diseases, especially when applied directly to the airways. This review presents established beneficial effects of locally administered microbial therapeutics against respiratory viral diseases and the inferred related molecular mechanisms. Several mechanisms established in the intestinal probiotics field as well as novel, niche-specific insights are relevant in the airways. Studies at cellular and organism levels highlight biologically plausible but strain-specific and host and virus context-dependent mechanisms, underlying the potential of beneficial bacteria. Large-scale clinical studies can now be rationally designed to provide a bench-to-bedside translation of the multifactorial bacterial mechanisms within the host respiratory tract, to diminish the incidence and severity of viral infections and the concomitant complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Spacova
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilke De Boeck
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter A Bron
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Delputte
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium. @uantwerpen.be
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12
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Souza E Souza KFC, Moraes BPT, Paixão ICNDP, Burth P, Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Na +/K +-ATPase as a Target of Cardiac Glycosides for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:624704. [PMID: 33935717 PMCID: PMC8085498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.624704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), identified for the first time in Wuhan, China, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which moved from epidemic status to becoming a pandemic. Since its discovery in December 2019, there have been countless cases of mortality and morbidity due to this virus. Several compounds such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and remdesivir have been tested as potential therapies; however, no effective treatment is currently recommended by regulatory agencies. Some studies on respiratory non-enveloped viruses such as adenoviruses and rhinovirus and some respiratory enveloped viruses including human respiratory syncytial viruses, influenza A, parainfluenza, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have shown the antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides, correlating their effect with Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) modulation. Cardiac glycosides are secondary metabolites used to treat patients with cardiac insufficiency because they are the most potent inotropic agents. The effects of cardiac glycosides on NKA are dependent on cell type, exposure time, and drug concentration. They may also cause blockage of Na+ and K+ ionic transport or trigger signaling pathways. The antiviral activity of cardiac glycosides is related to cell signaling activation through NKA inhibition. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) seems to be an essential transcription factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. NFκB inhibition by cardiac glycosides interferes directly with SARS-CoV-2 yield and inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly, the antiviral effect of cardiac glycosides is associated with tyrosine kinase (Src) activation, and NFκB appears to be regulated by Src. Src is one of the main signaling targets of the NKA α-subunit, modulating other signaling factors that may also impair viral infection. These data suggest that Src-NFκB signaling modulated by NKA plays a crucial role in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we discuss the antiviral effects of cardiac glycosides on different respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 pathology, cell signaling pathways, and NKA as a possible molecular target for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kauê Francisco Corrêa Souza E Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca Portugal Tavares Moraes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabel Christina Nunes de Palmer Paixão
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neûrologia/Neurociências, Hospital Antônio Pedro Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Burth
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Neurociências (PPGNEURO), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI), Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular e Molecular (PPGBMC), Universidade Federal Do Estado Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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The Nonribosomal Peptide Valinomycin: From Discovery to Bioactivity and Biosynthesis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040780. [PMID: 33917912 PMCID: PMC8068249 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Valinomycin is a nonribosomal peptide that was discovered from Streptomyces in 1955. Over the past more than six decades, it has received continuous attention due to its special chemical structure and broad biological activities. Although many research papers have been published on valinomycin, there has not yet been a comprehensive review that summarizes the diverse studies ranging from structural characterization, biogenesis, and bioactivity to the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters and heterologous biosynthesis. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of valinomycin to address this gap, covering from 1955 to 2020. First, we introduce the chemical structure of valinomycin together with its chemical properties. Then, we summarize the broad spectrum of bioactivities of valinomycin. Finally, we describe the valinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster and reconstituted biosynthesis of valinomycin. With that, we discuss possible opportunities for the future research and development of valinomycin.
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14
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Cao H, Ouyang H, Laselva O, Bartlett C, Zhou ZP, Duan C, Gunawardena T, Avolio J, Bear CE, Gonska T, Hu J, Moraes TJ. A helper-dependent adenoviral vector rescues CFTR to wild-type functional levels in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells harbouring class I mutations. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00205-2020. [PMID: 32457197 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00205-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs, including the pancreas, hepatobiliary system and reproductive organs; however, lung disease is responsible for the majority of morbidity and mortality. Management of CF involves CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator agents including corrector drugs to augment cellular trafficking of mutant CFTR as well as potentiators that open defective CFTR channels. These therapies are poised to help most individuals with CF, with the notable exception of individuals with class I mutations where full-length CFTR protein is not produced. For these mutations, gene replacement has been suggested as a potential solution.In this work, we used a helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HD-CFTR) to express CFTR in nasal epithelial cell cultures derived from CF subjects with class I CFTR mutations.CFTR function was significantly restored in CF cells by HD-CFTR and reached healthy control functional levels as detected by Ussing chamber and membrane potential (FLIPR) assay. A dose-response relationship was observed between the amount of vector used and subsequent functional outcomes; small amounts of HD-CFTR were sufficient to correct CFTR function. At higher doses, HD-CFTR did not increase CFTR function in healthy control cells above baseline values. This latter observation allowed us to use this vector to benchmark in vitro efficacy testing of CFTR-modulator drugs.In summary, we demonstrate the potential for HD-CFTR to inform in vitro testing and to restore CFTR function to healthy control levels in airway cells with class I or CFTR nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibi Cao
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhichang Peter Zhou
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cathleen Duan
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarini Gunawardena
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Avolio
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both senior authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and jointly supervised the work
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Programmes in Translational Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Dept of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dept of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Both senior authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and jointly supervised the work
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15
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Boff L, Schreiber A, da Rocha Matos A, Del Sarto J, Brunotte L, Munkert J, Melo Ottoni F, Silva Ramos G, Kreis W, Castro Braga F, José Alves R, Maia de Pádua R, Maria Oliveira Simões C, Ludwig S. Semisynthetic Cardenolides Acting as Antiviral Inhibitors of Influenza A Virus Replication by Preventing Polymerase Complex Formation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204853. [PMID: 33096707 PMCID: PMC7587960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections represent a major public health issue by causing annual epidemics and occasional pandemics that affect thousands of people worldwide. Vaccination is the main prophylaxis to prevent these epidemics/pandemics, although the effectiveness of licensed vaccines is rather limited due to the constant mutations of influenza virus antigenic characteristics. The available anti-influenza drugs are still restricted and there is an increasing viral resistance to these compounds, thus highlighting the need for research and development of new antiviral drugs. In this work, two semisynthetic derivatives of digitoxigenin, namely C10 (3β-((N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoacetyl)amino-3-deoxydigitoxigenin) and C11 (3β-(hydroxyacetyl)amino-3-deoxydigitoxigenin), showed anti-influenza A virus activity by affecting the expression of viral proteins at the early and late stages of replication cycle, and altering the transcription and synthesis of new viral proteins, thereby inhibiting the formation of new virions. Such antiviral action occurred due to the interference in the assembly of viral polymerase, resulting in an impaired polymerase activity and, therefore, reducing viral replication. Confirming the in vitro results, a clinically relevant ex vivo model of influenza virus infection of human tumor-free lung tissues corroborated the potential of these compounds, especially C10, to completely abrogate influenza A virus replication at the highest concentration tested (2.0 µM). Taken together, these promising results demonstrated that C10 and C11 can be considered as potential new anti-influenza drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurita Boff
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms University (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.S.); (A.d.R.M.); (J.D.S.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - André Schreiber
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms University (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.S.); (A.d.R.M.); (J.D.S.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Aline da Rocha Matos
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms University (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.S.); (A.d.R.M.); (J.D.S.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
- Respiratory Viruses and Measles Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 22775-051, Brazil
| | - Juliana Del Sarto
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms University (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.S.); (A.d.R.M.); (J.D.S.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (F.M.O.); (G.S.R.); (F.C.B.); (R.J.A.); (R.M.d.P.)
| | - Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms University (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.S.); (A.d.R.M.); (J.D.S.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Jennifer Munkert
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91054 Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; (J.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Flaviano Melo Ottoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (F.M.O.); (G.S.R.); (F.C.B.); (R.J.A.); (R.M.d.P.)
| | - Gabriela Silva Ramos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (F.M.O.); (G.S.R.); (F.C.B.); (R.J.A.); (R.M.d.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Kreis
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91054 Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany; (J.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Fernão Castro Braga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (F.M.O.); (G.S.R.); (F.C.B.); (R.J.A.); (R.M.d.P.)
| | - Ricardo José Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (F.M.O.); (G.S.R.); (F.C.B.); (R.J.A.); (R.M.d.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Maia de Pádua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil; (F.M.O.); (G.S.R.); (F.C.B.); (R.J.A.); (R.M.d.P.)
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology (IVM), Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE), Westfaelische Wilhelms University (WWU), 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.B.); (A.S.); (A.d.R.M.); (J.D.S.); (L.B.); (S.L.)
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16
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Cho J, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kim SI, Kim SS, Choi BS, Choi JH. Antiviral activity of digoxin and ouabain against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implication for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16200. [PMID: 33004837 PMCID: PMC7530981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is exacerbated by the absence of effective therapeutic agents. Notably, patients with COVID-19 and comorbidities such as hypertension and cardiac diseases have a higher mortality rate. An efficient strategy in response to this issue is repurposing drugs with antiviral activity for therapeutic effect. Digoxin (DIG) and ouabain (OUA) are FDA drugs for heart diseases that have antiviral activity against several coronaviruses. Thus, we aimed to assess antiviral activity of DIG and OUA against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of DIG and OUA were determined at a nanomolar concentration. Progeny virus titers of single-dose treatment of DIG, OUA and remdesivir were approximately 103-, 104- and 103-fold lower (> 99% inhibition), respectively, than that of non-treated control or chloroquine at 48 h post-infection (hpi). Furthermore, therapeutic treatment with DIG and OUA inhibited over 99% of SARS-CoV-2 replication, leading to viral inhibition at the post entry stage of the viral life cycle. Collectively, these results suggest that DIG and OUA may be an alternative treatment for COVID-19, with potential additional therapeutic effects for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyung Cho
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyoung Kim
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Sun Choi
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jang-Hoon Choi
- Division of Viral Disease Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Zhang D, Ma Z, Chen H, Lu Y, Chen X. Valinomycin as a potential antiviral agent against coronaviruses: A review. Biomed J 2020; 43:414-423. [PMID: 33012699 PMCID: PMC7417921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been resulting in global epidemics with heavy morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, there are currently no specific medicines that can better treat these coronaviruses. Drug repurposing is an effective and economical strategy for drug discovery from existing drugs, natural products, and synthetic compounds. In this review, the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of valinomycin (VAL), especially its activity against coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), were summarized, it highlights that VAL has tremendous potential for use as a novel antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
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18
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Potential Antiviral Options against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060642. [PMID: 32545799 PMCID: PMC7354438 DOI: 10.3390/v12060642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As of June 2020, the number of people infected with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to skyrocket, with more than 6.7 million cases worldwide. Both the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) has highlighted the need for better control of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, developing novel virus-specific vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 can be time-consuming and costly. Convalescent sera and safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals (BSAAs) are readily available treatment options. Here, we developed a neutralization assay using SARS-CoV-2 strain and Vero-E6 cells. We identified the most potent sera from recovered patients for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. We also screened 136 safe-in-man broad-spectrum antivirals against the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero-E6 cells and identified nelfinavir, salinomycin, amodiaquine, obatoclax, emetine and homoharringtonine. We found that a combination of orally available virus-directed nelfinavir and host-directed amodiaquine exhibited the highest synergy. Finally, we developed a website to disseminate the knowledge on available and emerging treatments of COVID-19.
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19
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Novel Ionophores Active against La Crosse Virus Identified through Rapid Antiviral Screening. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00086-20. [PMID: 32284379 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00086-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunyaviruses are significant human pathogens, causing diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. Among these viruses, La Crosse virus (LACV), a member of the California serogroup, circulates in the eastern and midwestern United States. While LACV infection is often asymptomatic, dozens of cases of encephalitis are reported yearly. Unfortunately, no antivirals have been approved to treat LACV infection. Here, we developed a method to rapidly test potential antivirals against LACV infection. From this screen, we identified several potential antiviral molecules, including known antivirals. Additionally, we identified many novel antivirals that exhibited antiviral activity without affecting cellular viability. Valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, was among our top targets. We found that valinomycin exhibited potent anti-LACV activity in multiple cell types in a dose-dependent manner. Valinomycin did not affect particle stability or infectivity, suggesting that it may preclude virus replication by altering cellular potassium ions, a known determinant of LACV entry. We extended these results to other ionophores and found that the antiviral activity of valinomycin extended to other viral families, including bunyaviruses (Rift Valley fever virus, Keystone virus), enteroviruses (coxsackievirus, rhinovirus), flavirivuses (Zika virus), and coronaviruses (human coronavirus 229E [HCoV-229E] and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV [MERS-CoV]). In all viral infections, we observed significant reductions in virus titer in valinomycin-treated cells. In sum, we demonstrate the importance of potassium ions to virus infection, suggesting a potential therapeutic target to disrupt virus replication.
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20
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Alphavirus Replication: The Role of Cardiac Glycosides and Ion Concentration in Host Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2813253. [PMID: 32461975 PMCID: PMC7232666 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2813253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that can cause fever, rash, arthralgias, and encephalitis. The mosquito species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are the most frequent transmitters of alphaviruses. There are no effective vaccines or specific antivirals available for the treatment of alphavirus-related infections. Interestingly, changes in ion concentration in host cells have been characterized as critical regulators of the alphavirus life cycle, including fusion with the host cell, glycoprotein trafficking, genome translation, and viral budding. Cardiac glycosides, which are classical inhibitors of the Na+ K+ ATPase (NKA), can inhibit alphavirus replication although their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Nonetheless, results from multiple studies suggest that inhibition of NKA may be a suitable strategy for the development of alphavirus-specific antiviral treatments. This review is aimed at exploring the role of changes in ion concentration during alphavirus replication and at considering the possibility of NKA as a potential therapeutic target for antiviral drugs.
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21
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Elucidation of the mechanism of anti-herpes action of two novel semisynthetic cardenolide derivatives. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1385-1396. [PMID: 32346764 PMCID: PMC7188521 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesviruses are among the most prevalent pathogens worldwide and have become an important public health issue. Recurrent infections and the emergence of resistant viral strains reinforce the need of searching new drugs to treat herpes virus infections. Cardiac glycosides are used clinically to treat cardiovascular disturbances, such as congestive heart failure and atrial arrhythmias. In recent years, they have sparked new interest in their potential anti-herpes action. It has been previously reported by our research group that two new semisynthetic cardenolides, namely C10 (3β-[(N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoacetyl]amino-3-deoxydigitoxigenin) and C11 (3β-(hydroxyacetyl)amino-3-deoxydigitoxigenin), exhibited potential anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2 with selectivity index values > 1,000, comparable with those of acyclovir. This work reports the mechanism investigation of anti-herpes action of these derivatives. The results demonstrated that C10 and C11 interfere with the intermediate and final steps of HSV replication, but not with the early stages, since they completely abolished the expression of the UL42 (β) and gD (γ) proteins and partially reduced that of ICP27 (α). Additionally, they were not virucidal and had no prophylactic effects. Both compounds inhibited HSV replication at nanomolar concentrations, but cardenolide C10 was more active than C11 and can be considered as an anti-herpes drug candidate including against acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 strains.
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22
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Niederman MS, Nair GB, Matt U, Herold S, Pennington K, Crothers K, Cummings M, Schluger NW. Update in Lung Infections and Tuberculosis 2018. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:414-422. [PMID: 31042415 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0606up] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Niederman
- 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Girish Balachandran Nair
- 2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beaumont Health, William Beaumont School of Medicine, Oakland University, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Ulrich Matt
- 3Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- 3Department of Internal Medicine II, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kelly Pennington
- 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kristina Crothers
- 5Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington.,6University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and
| | | | - Neil W Schluger
- 7Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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23
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Amarelle L, Lecuona E. A Nonhospitable Host: Targeting Cellular Factors as an Antiviral Strategy for Respiratory Viruses. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:666-667. [PMID: 30230347 PMCID: PMC6293076 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0268ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Amarelle
- 1 Facultad de Medicina Universidad de la República Montevideo, Uruguay and
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- 2 Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois
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