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Roach SN, Shepherd FK, Mickelson CK, Fiege JK, Thielen BK, Pross LM, Sanders AE, Mitchell JS, Robertson M, Fife BT, Langlois RA. Tropism for ciliated cells is the dominant driver of influenza viral burst size in the human airway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320303121. [PMID: 39008691 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320303121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses pose a significant burden on global human health. Influenza has a broad cellular tropism in the airway, but how infection of different epithelial cell types impacts replication kinetics and burden in the airways is not fully understood. Using primary human airway cultures, which recapitulate the diverse epithelial cell landscape of the human airways, we investigated the impact of cell type composition on virus tropism and replication kinetics. Cultures were highly diverse across multiple donors and 30 independent differentiation conditions and supported a range of influenza replication. Although many cell types were susceptible to influenza, ciliated and secretory cells were predominantly infected. Despite the strong tropism preference for secretory and ciliated cells, which consistently make up 75% or more of infected cells, only ciliated cells were associated with increased virus production. Surprisingly, infected secretory cells were associated with overall reduced virus output. The disparate response and contribution to influenza virus production could be due to different pro- and antiviral interferon-stimulated gene signatures between ciliated and secretory populations, which were interrogated with single-cell RNA sequencing. These data highlight the heterogeneous outcomes of influenza virus infections in the complex cellular environment of the human airway and the disparate impacts of infected cell identity on multiround burst size, even among preferentially infected cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanley N Roach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Frances K Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Clayton K Mickelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Beth K Thielen
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lauren M Pross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Autumn E Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jason S Mitchell
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mason Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brian T Fife
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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2
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Karakus U, Sempere Borau M, Martínez-Barragán P, von Kempis J, Yildiz S, Arroyo-Fernández LM, Pohl MO, Steiger JA, Glas I, Hunziker A, García-Sastre A, Stertz S. MHC class II proteins mediate sialic acid independent entry of human and avian H2N2 influenza A viruses. Nat Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41564-024-01771-1. [PMID: 39009691 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) pose substantial burden on human and animal health. Avian, swine and human IAV bind sialic acid on host glycans as receptor, whereas some bat IAV require MHC class II complexes for cell entry. It is unknown how this difference evolved and whether dual receptor specificity is possible. Here we show that human H2N2 IAV and related avian H2N2 possess dual receptor specificity in cell lines and primary human airway cultures. Using sialylation-deficient cells, we reveal that entry via MHC class II is independent of sialic acid. We find that MHC class II from humans, pigs, ducks, swans and chickens but not bats can mediate H2 IAV entry and that this is conserved in Eurasian avian H2. Our results demonstrate that IAV can possess dual receptor specificity for sialic acid and MHC class II, and suggest a role for MHC class II-dependent entry in zoonotic IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Karakus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Soner Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Marie O Pohl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia A Steiger
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irina Glas
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Hunziker
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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3
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He ZJ, Huang B, Cai LH. Bottlebrush Polyethylene Glycol Nanocarriers Translocate across Human Airway Epithelium via Molecular Architecture-Enhanced Endocytosis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17586-17599. [PMID: 38932624 PMCID: PMC11238595 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery is critical for the treatment of respiratory diseases. However, the human airway surface presents multiple barriers to efficient drug delivery. Here, we report a bottlebrush poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-BB) nanocarrier that can translocate across all barriers within the human airway surface. Guided by a molecular theory, we design a PEG-BB molecule consisting of a linear backbone densely grafted by many (∼1000) low molecular weight (∼1000 g/mol) polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains; this results in a highly anisotropic, wormlike nanocarrier featuring a contour length of ∼250 nm, a cross-section of ∼20 nm, and a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼40 nm. Using the classic air-liquid-interface culture system to recapitulate essential biological features of the human airway surface, we show that PEG-BB rapidly penetrates through endogenous airway mucus and periciliary brush layer (mesh size of 20-40 nm) to be internalized by cells across the whole epithelium. By quantifying the cellular uptake of polymeric carriers of various molecular architectures and manipulating cell proliferation and endocytosis pathways, we show that the translocation of PEG-BB across the epithelium is driven by bottlebrush architecture-enhanced endocytosis. Our results demonstrate that large, wormlike bottlebrush PEG polymers, if properly designed, can be used as a carrier for pulmonary and mucosal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jian He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Baiqiang Huang
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Li-Heng Cai
- Soft Biomatter Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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4
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Steffan BN, Townsend EA, Denlinger LC, Johansson MW. Eosinophil-Epithelial Cell Interactions in Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38885626 DOI: 10.1159/000539309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils have numerous roles in type 2 inflammation depending on their activation states in the blood and airway or after encounter with inflammatory mediators. Airway epithelial cells have a sentinel role in the lung and, by instructing eosinophils, likely have a foundational role in asthma pathogenesis. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss various topics related to eosinophil-epithelial cell interactions in asthma, including the influence of eosinophils and eosinophil products, e.g., granule proteins, on epithelial cell function, expression, secretion, and plasticity; the effects of epithelial released factors, including oxylipins, cytokines, and other mediators on eosinophils, e.g., on their activation, expression, and survival; possible mechanisms of eosinophil-epithelial cell adhesion; and the role of intra-epithelial eosinophils in asthma. KEY MESSAGES We suggest that eosinophils and their products can have both injurious and beneficial effects on airway epithelial cells in asthma and that there are bidirectional interactions and signaling between eosinophils and airway epithelial cells in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne N Steffan
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Townsend
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Loren C Denlinger
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mats W Johansson
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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5
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Fang Z, Wang J, Li T, Yin M, Peng Y, Zhang X. A method for isolating and culturing ectopic epithelial and stromal cells to study human adenomyosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 309:551-563. [PMID: 37872452 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although adenomyosis is a common and benign gynecological disease, the specific pathogenesis of this condition is yet to be fully elucidated. It is difficult to culture primary cells of the ectopic endometrial epithelia and stroma from human adenomyosis lesions. Most of the previous of studies on adenomyosis were based on primary eutopic endometrium cells. However, as yet, no efficient protocols have been developed for the isolation, culture or purification of primary ectopic epithelial and stromal cells from human adenomyosis lesions. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop an efficient protocol for the isolation and culture of primary ectopic epithelial and stromal cells from human adenomyosis lesions. METHODS In the present study, we aimed to obtain ectopic endometrium tissue from human adenomyosis foci and use a simple and operable type I collagenase digestion method for primary culture. Cells were isolated by sterile cell strainer filtration and flow cytometry was performed to identify, purify, and evaluate the viability of isolated ectopic endometrial cells. RESULTS Using our method, we successfully isolated and cultured highly purified and active ectopic endometrial epithelial and stromal cells from human adenomyosis foci. Ep-CAM was expressed in ectopic epithelial cells of human adenomyosis with a purity of 93.74% and a viability of 80.58%. In addition, CD10 were robustly expressed by ectopic stromal cells in human adenomyosis. Cellular purity and viability were determined to be 96.37 and 93.49%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our method provides a new experimental model for studying the molecular pathogenesis of human adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Fang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meichen Yin
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangying Peng
- Taizhou First People's Hospital, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Bondonese A, Craig A, Fan L, Valenzi E, Bain W, Lafyatis R, Sembrat J, Chen K, Snyder ME. Impact of enzymatic digestion on single cell suspension yield from peripheral human lung tissue. Cytometry A 2023; 103:777-785. [PMID: 37449375 PMCID: PMC10592386 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of translational investigations of lung biology rely on analyzing single cell suspensions obtained from human lungs. To obtain these single cell suspensions, human lungs from biopsies or research-consented organ donors must be subjected to mechanical and enzymatic digestion prior to analysis with either flow cytometry or single cell RNA sequencing. A variety of enzymes have been used to perform tissue digestion, each with potential limitations. To better understand the limitations of each enzymatic digestion protocol and to establish a framework for comparing studies across protocols, we performed five commonly published protocols in parallel from identical samples obtained from 6 human lungs. Following mechanical (gentleMACS™) and enzymatic digestion, we quantified cell count and viability using a Nexcelom Cellometer and determined cell phenotype using multiparameter spectral flow cytometry (Cytek™ Aurora). We found that all protocols were superior in cellular yield and viability when compared to mechanical digestion alone. Protocols high in dispase cleaved immune markers CD4, CD8, CD69, and CD103 and contributed to an increased monocyte to macrophage yield. Similarly, dispase led to a differential epithelial cell yield, with increased TSPN8+ and ITGA6+ epithelial cells and reduced CD66e+ cells. When compared to collagenase D, collagenase P protocols yielded increased AT1 and AT2 cells and decreased endothelial cells. These results provide a framework for selecting an enzymatic digestion protocol best suited to the scientific question and allow for comparison of studies using different protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - William Bain
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - John Sembrat
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Mark E. Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh
- Starzl Transplantation Institute
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7
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Wilson JL, Akin E, Zhou R, Jedlicka A, Dziedzic A, Liu H, Fenstermacher KZJ, Rothman RE, Pekosz A. The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection-Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures. Viruses 2023; 15:1956. [PMID: 37766362 PMCID: PMC10537232 DOI: 10.3390/v15091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding Influenza B virus infections is of critical importance in our efforts to control severe influenza and influenza-related diseases. Until 2020, two genetic lineages of influenza B virus-Yamagata and Victoria-circulated in the population. These lineages are antigenically distinct, but the differences in virus replication or the induction of host cell responses after infection have not been carefully studied. Recent IBV clinical isolates of both lineages were obtained from influenza surveillance efforts of the Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence in Influenza Research and Response and characterized in vitro. B/Victoria and B/Yamagata clinical isolates were recognized less efficiently by serum from influenza-vaccinated individuals in comparison to the vaccine strains. B/Victoria lineages formed smaller plaques on MDCK cells compared to B/Yamagata, but infectious virus production in primary human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures showed no differences. While ciliated epithelial cells were the dominant cell type infected by both lineages, B/Victoria lineages had a slight preference for MUC5AC-positive cells, and B/Yamagata lineages infected more basal cells. Finally, while both lineages induced a strong interferon response 48 h after infection of hNEC cultures, the B/Victoria lineages showed a much stronger induction of interferon-related signaling pathways compared to B/Yamagata. This demonstrates that the two influenza B virus lineages differ not only in their antigenic structure but also in their ability to induce host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo L. Wilson
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.W.); (E.A.); (R.Z.); (A.J.); (A.D.); (H.L.)
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Elgin Akin
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.W.); (E.A.); (R.Z.); (A.J.); (A.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Ruifeng Zhou
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.W.); (E.A.); (R.Z.); (A.J.); (A.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Anne Jedlicka
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.W.); (E.A.); (R.Z.); (A.J.); (A.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.W.); (E.A.); (R.Z.); (A.J.); (A.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Hsuan Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.W.); (E.A.); (R.Z.); (A.J.); (A.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Katherine Z. J. Fenstermacher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (K.Z.J.F.); (R.E.R.)
| | - Richard E. Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (K.Z.J.F.); (R.E.R.)
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.L.W.); (E.A.); (R.Z.); (A.J.); (A.D.); (H.L.)
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8
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Wilson JL, Akin E, Zhou R, Jedlicka A, Dziedzic A, Liu H, Fenstermacher KZ, Rothman R, Pekosz A. The Influenza B Virus Victoria and Yamagata Lineages Display Distinct Cell Tropism and Infection Induced Host Gene Expression in Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Cultures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.04.551980. [PMID: 37577630 PMCID: PMC10418153 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.551980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding Influenza B virus infections is of critical importance in our efforts to control severe influenza and influenza-related disease. Until 2020, two genetic lineages of influenza B virus - Yamagata and Victoria - circulated in the population. These lineages are antigenically distinct but differences in virus replication or the induction of host cell responses after infection have not been carefully studied. Recent IBV clinical isolates of both lineages were obtained from influenza surveillance efforts of the Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence in Influenza Research and Response and characterized in vitro . B/Victoria and B/Yamagata clinical isolates were recognized less efficiently by serum from influenza-vaccinated individuals in comparison to the vaccine strains. B/Victoria lineages formed smaller plaques on MDCK cells compared to B/Yamagata, but infectious virus production in primary human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures showed no differences. While ciliated epithelial cells were the dominant cell type infected by both lineages, B/Victoria lineages had a slight preference for MUC5AC-positive cells, while B/Yamagata lineages infected more basal cells. Finally, while both lineages induced a strong interferon response 48 hours after infection of hNEC cultures, the B/Victoria lineages showed a much stronger induction of interferon related signaling pathways compared to B/Yamagata. This demonstrates that the two influenza B virus lineages differ not only in their antigenic structure but in their ability to induce host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo L Wilson
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elgin Akin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ruifeng Zhou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anne Jedlicka
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amanda Dziedzic
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hsuan Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Richard Rothman
- Adult Emergency Department, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Doni Jayavelu N, Altman MC, Benson B, Dufort MJ, Vanderwall ER, Rich LM, White MP, Becker PM, Togias A, Jackson DJ, Debley JS. Type 2 inflammation reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication in the airway epithelium in allergic asthma through functional alteration of ciliated epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:56-67. [PMID: 37001649 PMCID: PMC10052850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite well-known susceptibilities to other respiratory viral infections, individuals with allergic asthma have shown reduced susceptibility to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVE We sought to identify mechanisms whereby type 2 inflammation in the airway protects against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by using bronchial airway epithelial cells (AECs) from aeroallergen-sensitized children with asthma and healthy nonsensitized children. METHODS We measured SARS-CoV-2 replication and ACE2 protein and performed bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing of ex vivo infected AEC samples with SARS-CoV-2 infection and with or without IL-13 treatment. RESULTS We observed that viral replication was lower in AECs from children with allergic asthma than those from in healthy nonsensitized children and that IL-13 treatment reduced viral replication only in children with allergic asthma and not in healthy children. Lower viral transcript levels were associated with a downregulation of functional pathways of the ciliated epithelium related to differentiation as well as cilia and axoneme production and function, rather than lower ACE2 expression or increases in goblet cells or mucus secretion pathways. Moreover, single-cell RNA sequencing identified specific subsets of relatively undifferentiated ciliated epithelium (which are common in allergic asthma and highly responsive to IL-13) that directly accounted for impaired viral replication. CONCLUSION Our results identify a novel mechanism of innate protection against SARS-CoV-2 in allergic asthma that provides important molecular and clinical insights during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Doni Jayavelu
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash
| | - Matthew C Altman
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash.
| | - Basilin Benson
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - Matthew J Dufort
- Systems Immunology Division, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, Wash
| | - Elizabeth R Vanderwall
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Maria P White
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Patrice M Becker
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Alkis Togias
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Wash; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
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10
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Wang X, Hallen NR, Lee M, Samuchiwal S, Ye Q, Buchheit KM, Maxfield AZ, Roditi RE, Bergmark RW, Bhattacharyya N, Ryan T, Gakpo D, Raychaudhuri S, Dwyer D, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Gutierrez-Arcelus M, Barrett NA. Type 2 inflammation drives an airway basal stem cell program through insulin receptor substrate signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1536-1549. [PMID: 36804595 PMCID: PMC10784786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a type 2 (T2) inflammatory disease associated with an increased number of airway basal cells (BCs). Recent studies have identified transcriptionally distinct BCs, but the molecular pathways that support or inhibit human BC proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of T2 cytokines in regulating airway BCs. METHODS Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing of sinus and lung airway epithelial cells was analyzed. Human sinus BCs were stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13 in the presence and absence of inhibitors of IL-4R signaling. Confocal analysis of human sinus tissue and murine airway was performed. Murine BC subsets were sorted for RNA sequencing and functional assays. Fate labeling was performed in a murine model of tracheal injury and regeneration. RESULTS Two subsets of BCs were found in human and murine respiratory mucosa distinguished by the expression of basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM). BCAM expression identifies airway stem cells among P63+KRT5+NGFR+ BCs. In the sinonasal mucosa, BCAMhi BCs expressing TSLP, IL33, CCL26, and the canonical BC transcription factor TP63 are increased in patients with CRSwNP. In cultured BCs, IL-4/IL-13 increases the expression of BCAM and TP63 through an insulin receptor substrate-dependent signaling pathway that is increased in CRSwNP. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish BCAM as a marker of airway stem cells among the BC pool and demonstrate that airway epithelial remodeling in T2 inflammation extends beyond goblet cell metaplasia to the support of a BC stem state poised to perpetuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nils R Hallen
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Minkyu Lee
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Sachin Samuchiwal
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Qihua Ye
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kathleen M Buchheit
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Alice Z Maxfield
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Rachel E Roditi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Regan W Bergmark
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Neil Bhattacharyya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Mass
| | - Tessa Ryan
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Deb Gakpo
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Divisions of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Dwyer
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tanya M Laidlaw
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Joshua A Boyce
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Nora A Barrett
- Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Translational Immunology Research, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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11
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Blackburn JB, Li NF, Bartlett NW, Richmond BW. An update in club cell biology and its potential relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L652-L665. [PMID: 36942863 PMCID: PMC10110710 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00192.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Club cells are found in human small airways where they play an important role in immune defense, xenobiotic metabolism, and repair after injury. Over the past few years, data from single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies has generated new insights into club cell heterogeneity and function. In this review, we integrate findings from scRNA-seq experiments with earlier in vitro, in vivo, and microscopy studies and highlight the many ways club cells contribute to airway homeostasis. We then discuss evidence for loss of club cells or club cell products in the airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and discuss potential mechanisms through which this might occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Blackburn
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Ngan Fung Li
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Viral Immunology and Respiratory Disease Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bradley W Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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12
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Brown MA, Morgan SB, Donachie GE, Horton KL, Pavord ID, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Hinks TSC. Epithelial immune activation and intracellular invasion by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1141798. [PMID: 37180449 PMCID: PMC10167379 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1141798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 low asthma affects 30-50% of people with severe asthma and includes a phenotype characterized by sputum neutrophilia and resistance to corticosteroids. Airways inflammation in type-2 low asthma or COPD is potentially driven by persistent bacterial colonization of the lower airways by bacteria such as non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Although pathogenic in the lower airways, NTHi is a commensal of the upper airways. It is not known to what extent these strains can invade airway epithelial cells, persist intracellularly and activate epithelial cell production of proinflammatory cytokines, and how this differs between the upper and lower airways. We studied NTHi infection of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), primary nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and epithelial cell lines from upper and lower airways. NTHi strains differed in propensity for intracellular and paracellular invasion. We found NTHi was internalized within PBECs at 6 h, but live intracellular infection did not persist at 24 h. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed NTHi infected secretory, ciliated and basal PBECs. Infection of PBECs led to induction of CXCL8, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNF. The magnitude of cytokine induction was independent of the degree of intracellular invasion, either by differing strains or by cytochalasin D inhibition of endocytosis, with the exception of the inflammasome-induced mediator IL-1β. NTHi-induced activation of TLR2/4, NOD1/2 and NLR inflammasome pathways was significantly stronger in NECs than in PBECs. These data suggest that NTHi is internalized transiently by airway epithelial cells and has capacity to drive inflammation in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Brown
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie B. Morgan
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian E. Donachie
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katie L. Horton
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D. Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina V. Arancibia-Cárcamo
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S. C. Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Cable J, Sun J, Cheon IS, Vaughan AE, Castro IA, Stein SR, López CB, Gostic KM, Openshaw PJM, Ellebedy AH, Wack A, Hutchinson E, Thomas MM, Langlois RA, Lingwood D, Baker SF, Folkins M, Foxman EF, Ward AB, Schwemmle M, Russell AB, Chiu C, Ganti K, Subbarao K, Sheahan TP, Penaloza-MacMaster P, Eddens T. Respiratory viruses: New frontiers-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1522:60-73. [PMID: 36722473 PMCID: PMC10580159 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Viruses like influenza, RSV, and most recently SARS-CoV-2 can rapidly spread through a population, causing acute infection and, in vulnerable populations, severe or chronic disease. Developing effective treatment and prevention strategies often becomes a race against ever-evolving viruses that develop resistance, leaving therapy efficacy either short-lived or relevant for specific viral strains. On June 29 to July 2, 2022, researchers met for the Keystone symposium "Respiratory Viruses: New Frontiers." Researchers presented new insights into viral biology and virus-host interactions to understand the mechanisms of disease and identify novel treatment and prevention approaches that are effective, durable, and broad.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - In Su Cheon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine; Department of Immunology; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Carter Immunology Center and Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Italo A Castro
- Virology Research Center, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sydney R Stein
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelyn M Gostic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs; and Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven F Baker
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Melanie Folkins
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen F Foxman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair B Russell
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ketaki Ganti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy P Sheahan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Taylor Eddens
- Pediatric Scientist Development Program, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Wali G, Siow SF, Liyanage E, Kumar KR, Mackay-Sim A, Sue CM. Reduced acetylated α-tubulin in SPAST hereditary spastic paraplegia patient PBMCs. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1073516. [PMID: 37144097 PMCID: PMC10152469 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1073516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HSP-SPAST is the most common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a neurodegenerative disease causing lower limb spasticity. Previous studies using HSP-SPAST patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell cortical neurons have shown that patient neurons have reduced levels of acetylated α-tubulin, a form of stabilized microtubules, leading to a chain of downstream effects eventuating in increased vulnerability to axonal degeneration. Noscapine treatment rescued these downstream effects by restoring the levels of acetylated α-tubulin in patient neurons. Here we show that HSP-SPAST patient non-neuronal cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), also have the disease-associated effect of reduced levels of acetylated α-tubulin. Evaluation of multiple PBMC subtypes showed that patient T cell lymphocytes had reduced levels of acetylated α-tubulin. T cells make up to 80% of all PBMCs and likely contributed to the effect of reduced acetylated α-tubulin levels seen in overall PBMCs. We further showed that mouse administered orally with increasing concentrations of noscapine exhibited a dose-dependent increase of noscapine levels and acetylated α-tubulin in the brain. A similar effect of noscapine treatment is anticipated in HSP-SPAST patients. To measure acetylated α-tubulin levels, we used a homogeneous time resolved fluorescence technology-based assay. This assay was sensitive to noscapine-induced changes in acetylated α-tubulin levels in multiple sample types. The assay is high throughput and uses nano-molar protein concentrations, making it an ideal assay for evaluation of noscapine-induced changes in acetylated α-tubulin levels. This study shows that HSP-SPAST patient PBMCs exhibit disease-associated effects. This finding can help expedite the drug discovery and testing process.
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15
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Hysenaj L, Little S, Kulhanek K, Magnen M, Bahl K, Gbenedio OM, Prinz M, Rodriguez L, Andersen C, Rao AA, Shen A, Lone JC, Lupin-Jimenez LC, Bonser LR, Serwas NK, Mick E, Khalid MM, Taha TY, Kumar R, Li JZ, Ding VW, Matsumoto S, Maishan M, Sreekumar B, Simoneau C, Nazarenko I, Tomlinson MG, Khan K, von Gottberg A, Sigal A, Looney MR, Fragiadakis GK, Jablons DM, Langelier CR, Matthay M, Krummel M, Erle DJ, Combes AJ, Sil A, Ott M, Kratz JR, Roose JP. SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway organoids reveals conserved use of Tetraspanin-8 by Ancestral, Delta, and Omicron variants. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:636-653. [PMID: 36827975 PMCID: PMC9948283 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ancestral SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and variants of concern (VOC) caused a global pandemic with a spectrum of disease severity. The mechanistic explaining variations related to airway epithelium are relatively understudied. Here, we biobanked airway organoids (AO) by preserving stem cell function. We optimized viral infection with H1N1/PR8 and comprehensively characterized epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in phenotypically stable AO from 20 different subjects. We discovered Tetraspanin-8 (TSPAN8) as a facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 infection. TSPAN8 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection rates independently of ACE2-Spike interaction. In head-to-head comparisons with Ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron VOC displayed lower overall infection rates of AO but triggered changes in epithelial response. All variants shared highest tropism for ciliated and goblet cells. TSPAN8-blocking antibodies diminish SARS-CoV-2 infection and may spur novel avenues for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiena Hysenaj
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Samantha Little
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kayla Kulhanek
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melia Magnen
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kriti Bahl
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oghenekevwe M Gbenedio
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Morgan Prinz
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lauren Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Andersen
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Arkal Rao
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alan Shen
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Leonard C Lupin-Jimenez
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luke R Bonser
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nina K Serwas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eran Mick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mir M Khalid
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Taha Y Taha
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Renuka Kumar
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jack Z Li
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vivianne W Ding
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shotaro Matsumoto
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bharath Sreekumar
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Camille Simoneau
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael G Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands, UK
| | - Khajida Khan
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa; SAMRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa; School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany; Centre for the AIDS Program of Research, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mark R Looney
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gabriela K Fragiadakis
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David M Jablons
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charles R Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michael Matthay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthew Krummel
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David J Erle
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexis J Combes
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute COVID-19 Research Group, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johannes R Kratz
- ImmunoX Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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16
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Crotta S, Villa M, Major J, Finsterbusch K, Llorian M, Carmeliet P, Buescher J, Wack A. Repair of airway epithelia requires metabolic rewiring towards fatty acid oxidation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:721. [PMID: 36781848 PMCID: PMC9925445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tissues provide front-line barriers shielding the organism from invading pathogens and harmful substances. In the airway epithelium, the combined action of multiciliated and secretory cells sustains the mucociliary escalator required for clearance of microbes and particles from the airways. Defects in components of mucociliary clearance or barrier integrity are associated with recurring infections and chronic inflammation. The timely and balanced differentiation of basal cells into mature epithelial cell subsets is therefore tightly controlled. While different growth factors regulating progenitor cell proliferation have been described, little is known about the role of metabolism in these regenerative processes. Here we show that basal cell differentiation correlates with a shift in cellular metabolism from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation (FAO). We demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo that pharmacological and genetic impairment of FAO blocks the development of fully differentiated airway epithelial cells, compromising the repair of airway epithelia. Mechanistically, FAO links to the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway to support protein glycosylation in airway epithelial cells. Our findings unveil the metabolic network underpinning the differentiation of airway epithelia and identify novel targets for intervention to promote lung repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crotta
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
| | - Matteo Villa
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jack Major
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, and Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joerg Buescher
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wack
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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17
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Savory Signaling: T1R Umami Receptor Modulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Store Content and Release Dynamics in Airway Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030493. [PMID: 36771200 PMCID: PMC9919336 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
T1Rs are expressed in solitary chemosensory cells of the upper airway where they detect apical glucose levels and repress bitter taste receptor Ca2+ signaling pathways. Microbial growth leads to a decrease in apical glucose levels. T1Rs detect this change and liberate bitter taste receptor signaling, initiating an innate immune response to both kill and expel pathogens through releasing antimicrobial peptides and increasing nitric oxide production and ciliary beat frequency. However, chronic inflammation due to disease, smoking, or viral infections causes a remodeling of the epithelial airway. The resulting squamous metaplasia causes a loss of multi-ciliated cells and solitary chemosensory cells, replaced by basal epithelial cells. To understand how T1R function is altered during disease, we used basal epithelial cells as a model to study the function of T1R3 on Ca2+ signaling dynamics. We found that both T1R1 and T1R3 detect amino acids and signal via cAMP, increasing the responsiveness of the cells to Ca2+ signaling stimuli. Either knocking down T1R1/3 or treating wild-type cells with MEM amino acids caused a reduction in ER Ca2+ content through a non-cAMP signaled pathway. Treatment with amino acids led to a reduction in downstream denatonium-induced Ca2+-signaled caspase activity. Thus, amino acids may be used to reduce unwanted apoptosis signaling in treatments containing bitter compounds.
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18
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Koh KD, Bonser LR, Eckalbar WL, Yizhar-Barnea O, Shen J, Zeng X, Hargett KL, Sun DI, Zlock LT, Finkbeiner WE, Ahituv N, Erle DJ. Genomic characterization and therapeutic utilization of IL-13-responsive sequences in asthma. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100229. [PMID: 36777184 PMCID: PMC9903679 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2022.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial responses to the cytokine interleukin-13 (IL-13) cause airway obstruction in asthma. Here we utilized multiple genomic techniques to identify IL-13-responsive regulatory elements in bronchial epithelial cells and used these data to develop a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi)-based therapeutic approach to downregulate airway obstruction-inducing genes in a cell type- and IL-13-specific manner. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and acetylated lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27ac) chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) in primary human bronchial epithelial cells, we identified IL-13-responsive genes and regulatory elements. These sequences were functionally validated and optimized via massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) for IL-13-inducible activity. The top secretory cell-selective sequence from the MPRA, a novel, distal enhancer of the sterile alpha motif pointed domain containing E-26 transformation-specific transcription factor (SPDEF) gene, was utilized to drive CRISPRi and knock down SPDEF or mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), both involved in pathologic mucus production in asthma. Our work provides a catalog of cell type-specific genes and regulatory elements involved in IL-13 bronchial epithelial response and showcases their use for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Duk Koh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Luke R. Bonser
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Walter L. Eckalbar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ofer Yizhar-Barnea
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiangshan Shen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kirsten L. Hargett
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dingyuan I. Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lorna T. Zlock
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Walter E. Finkbeiner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David J. Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- CoLabs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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19
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Clifton C, Niemeyer BF, Novak R, Can UI, Hainline K, Benam KH. BPIFA1 is a secreted biomarker of differentiating human airway epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1035566. [PMID: 36519134 PMCID: PMC9744250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1035566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture and differentiation of human-derived airway basal cells under air-liquid interface (ALI) into a pseudostratified mucociliated mucosal barrier has proven to be a powerful preclinical tool to study pathophysiology of respiratory epithelium. As such, identifying differentiation stage-specific biomarkers can help investigators better characterize, standardize, and validate populations of regenerating epithelial cells prior to experimentation. Here, we applied longitudinal transcriptomic analysis and observed that the pattern and the magnitude of OMG, KRT14, STC1, BPIFA1, PLA2G7, TXNIP, S100A7 expression create a unique biosignature that robustly indicates the stage of epithelial cell differentiation. We then validated our findings by quantitative hemi-nested real-time PCR from in vitro cultures sourced from multiple donors. In addition, we demonstrated that at protein-level secretion of BPIFA1 accurately reflects the gene expression profile, with very low quantities present at the time of ALI induction but escalating levels were detectable as the epithelial cells terminally differentiated. Moreover, we observed that increase in BPIFA1 secretion closely correlates with emergence of secretory cells and an anti-inflammatory phenotype as airway epithelial cells undergo mucociliary differentiation under air-liquid interface in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Clifton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian F. Niemeyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard Novak
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Uryan Isik Can
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kelly Hainline
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kambez H. Benam
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Kambez H. Benam,
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20
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Reyes N, Krasilnikov M, Allen NC, Lee J, Hyams B, Zhou M, Ravishankar S, Cassandras M, Wang C, Khan I, Matatia P, Johmura Y, Molofsky A, Matthay M, Nakanishi M, Sheppard D, Campisi J, Peng T. Sentinel p16INK4a+ cells in the basement membrane form a reparative niche in the lung. Science 2022; 378:192-201. [PMID: 36227993 PMCID: PMC10621323 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We engineered an ultrasensitive reporter of p16INK4a, a biomarker of cellular senescence. Our reporter detected p16INK4a-expressing fibroblasts with certain senescent characteristics that appeared shortly after birth in the basement membrane adjacent to epithelial stem cells in the lung. Furthermore, these p16INK4a+ fibroblasts had enhanced capacity to sense tissue inflammation and respond through their increased secretory capacity to promote epithelial regeneration. In addition, p16INK4a expression was required in fibroblasts to enhance epithelial regeneration. This study highlights a role for p16INK4a+ fibroblasts as tissue-resident sentinels in the stem cell niche that monitor barrier integrity and rapidly respond to inflammation to promote tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabora Reyes
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco
| | - Maria Krasilnikov
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Nancy C. Allen
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Ben Hyams
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Minqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Supriya Ravishankar
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Monica Cassandras
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | - Peri Matatia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Ari Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco
| | - Michael Matthay
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
| | | | - Tien Peng
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, University of California San Francisco
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco
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21
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Crozier TW, Greenwood EJ, Williamson JC, Guo W, Porter LM, Gabaev I, Teixeira-Silva A, Grice GL, Wickenhagen A, Stanton RJ, Wang ECY, Wilson SJ, Matheson NJ, Nathan JA, McCaughan F, Lehner PJ. Quantitative proteomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary human airway ciliated cells and lung epithelial cells demonstrates the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 innate immune evasion. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:224. [PMID: 36483314 PMCID: PMC9706147 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17946.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quantitative proteomics is able to provide a comprehensive, unbiased description of changes to cells caused by viral infection, but interpretation may be complicated by differential changes in infected and uninfected 'bystander' cells, or the use of non-physiological cellular models. Methods: In this paper, we use fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and quantitative proteomics to analyse cell-autonomous changes caused by authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection of respiratory epithelial cells, the main target of viral infection in vivo. First, we determine the relative abundance of proteins in primary human airway epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface (basal, secretory and ciliated cells). Next, we specifically characterise changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection of ciliated cells. Finally, we compare temporal proteomic changes in infected and uninfected 'bystander' Calu-3 lung epithelial cells and compare infection with B.29 and B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variants. Results: Amongst 5,709 quantified proteins in primary human airway ciliated cells, the abundance of 226 changed significantly in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (q <0.05 and >1.5-fold). Notably, viral replication proceeded without inducing a type-I interferon response. Amongst 6,996 quantified proteins in Calu-3 cells, the abundance of 645 proteins changed significantly in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (q < 0.05 and > 1.5-fold). In contrast to the primary cell model, a clear type I interferon (IFN) response was observed. Nonetheless, induction of IFN-inducible proteins was markedly attenuated in infected cells, compared with uninfected 'bystander' cells. Infection with B.29 and B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variants gave similar results. Conclusions: Taken together, our data provide a detailed proteomic map of changes in SARS-CoV-2-infected respiratory epithelial cells in two widely used, physiologically relevant models of infection. As well as identifying dysregulated cellular proteins and processes, the effectiveness of strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2 to avoid the type I IFN response is illustrated in both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W.M. Crozier
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Edward J.D. Greenwood
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James C. Williamson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Wenrui Guo
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Linsey M. Porter
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ildar Gabaev
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ana Teixeira-Silva
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Guinevere L. Grice
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Arthur Wickenhagen
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Eddie C. Y. Wang
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sam J. Wilson
- MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - James A. Nathan
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Frank McCaughan
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
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22
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Hinks TSC. From spirometry to spatial omics in pursuit of asthma endotypes. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e878. [PMID: 36149782 PMCID: PMC9506425 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S C Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Bonser LR, Eckalbar WL, Rodriguez L, Shen J, Koh KD, Ghias K, Zlock LT, Christenson S, Woodruff PG, Finkbeiner WE, Erle DJ. The Type 2 Asthma Mediator IL-13 Inhibits Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection of Bronchial Epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:391-401. [PMID: 34982656 PMCID: PMC8990122 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0364oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is associated with chronic changes in the airway epithelium, a key target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many epithelial changes, including goblet cell metaplasia, are driven by the type 2 cytokine IL-13, but the effects of IL-13 on SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. We found that IL-13 stimulation of differentiated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) cultured at air-liquid interface reduced viral RNA recovered from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and decreased double-stranded RNA, a marker of viral replication, to below the limit of detection in our assay. An intact mucus gel reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection of unstimulated cells, but neither a mucus gel nor SPDEF, which is required for goblet cell metaplasia, were required for the antiviral effects of IL-13. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that IL-13 regulated 41 of 332 (12%) mRNAs encoding SARS-CoV-2-associated proteins that were detected in HBECs (>1.5-fold change; false discovery rate < 0.05). Although both IL-13 and IFN-α each inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, their transcriptional effects differed markedly. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed cell type-specific differences in SARS-CoV-2-associated gene expression and IL-13 responses. Many IL-13-induced gene expression changes were seen in airway epithelium from individuals with type 2 asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IL-13 effects on airway epithelial cells may protect individuals with type 2 asthma from COVID-19 and could lead to identification of novel strategies for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter L. Eckalbar
- Lung Biology Center, and,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine,,UCSF CoLabs
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephanie Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine,,Cardiovascular Research Institute,,ImmunoX Initiative, and
| | | | - David J. Erle
- Lung Biology Center, and,UCSF CoLabs,,Cardiovascular Research Institute,,ImmunoX Initiative, and,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California
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24
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Using intracellular SCGB1A1-sorted, formalin-fixed club cells for successful transcriptomic analysis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 604:151-157. [PMID: 35305419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As opposed to surface marker staining, certain cell types can only be recognized by intracellular markers. Intracellular staining for use in cell sorting remains challenging. Fixation and permeabilization steps for intracellular staining and the presence of RNases notably affect preservation of high-quality mRNA. We report the work required for the optimization of a successful protocol for microarray analysis of intracellular target-sorted, formalin-fixed human bronchial club cells. Cells obtained from differentiated air-liquid interface cultures were stained with the most characteristic intracellular markers for club cell (SCGB1A1+) sorting. A benchmarked intracellular staining protocol was carried out before flow cytometry. The primary outcome was the extraction of RNA sufficient quality for microarray analysis as assessed by Bioanalyzer System. Fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde coupled with 0.1% Triton/0.1% saponin permeabilization obtained optimal results for SCGB1A1 staining. Addition of RNase inhibitors throughout the protocol and within the appropriate RNA extraction kit (Formalin-Fixed-Paraffin-Embedded) dramatically improved RNA quality, resulting in samples eligible for microarray analysis. The protocol resulted in successful cell sorting according to specific club cell intracellular marker without using cell surface marker. The protocol also preserved RNA of sufficient quality for subsequent microarray transcriptomic analysis, and we were able to generate transcriptomic signature of club cells.
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25
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Johansson K, Woodruff PG, Ansel KM. Regulation of airway immunity by epithelial miRNAs. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:141-153. [PMID: 34549450 PMCID: PMC9135676 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium is essential to protect the host from inhaled pathogens and particles. It maintains immune homeostasis and mediates tissue repair after injury. Inflammatory diseases of the airways are associated with failure of epithelial functions, including loss of barrier integrity that results in increased tissue permeability and immune activation; excessive mucus secretion and impaired mucociliary clearance that leads to airflow obstruction and microbial overgrowth; and dysregulation of cellular signals that promotes inflammation and alters tissue structure and airway reactivity. MicroRNAs play crucial roles in mounting appropriate cellular responses to environmental stimuli and preventing disease, using a common machinery and mechanism to regulate gene expression in epithelial cells, immune cells of hematopoietic origin, and other cellular components of the airways. Respiratory diseases are accompanied by dramatic changes in epithelial miRNA expression that drive persistent immune dysregulation. In this review, we discuss responses of the epithelium that promote airway immunopathology, with a focus on miRNAs that contribute to the breakdown of essential epithelial functions. We emphasize the emerging role of miRNAs in regulation of epithelial responses in respiratory health and their value as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - K. Mark Ansel
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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26
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Dugger DT, Calabrese DR, Gao Y, Deiter F, Tsao T, Maheshwari J, Hays SR, Leard L, Kleinhenz ME, Shah R, Golden J, Kukreja J, Gordon ED, Singer JP, Greenland JR. Lung Allograft Epithelium DNA Methylation Age Is Associated With Graft Chronologic Age and Primary Graft Dysfunction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704172. [PMID: 34691018 PMCID: PMC8528961 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced donor age is a risk factor for poor survival following lung transplantation. However, recent work identifying epigenetic determinants of aging has shown that biologic age may not always reflect chronologic age and that stressors can accelerate biologic aging. We hypothesized that lung allografts that experienced primary graft dysfunction (PGD), characterized by poor oxygenation in the first three post-transplant days, would have increased biologic age. We cultured airway epithelial cells isolated by transbronchial brush at 1-year bronchoscopies from 13 subjects with severe PGD and 15 controls matched on age and transplant indication. We measured epigenetic age using the Horvath epigenetic clock. Linear models were used to determine the association of airway epigenetic age with chronologic ages and PGD status, adjusted for recipient PGD risk factors. Survival models assessed the association with chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) or death. Distributions of promoter methylation within pathways were compared between groups. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity was quantified in airway epithelial cells under hypoxic or normoxic conditions. Airway epigenetic age appeared younger but was strongly associated with the age of the allograft (slope 0.38 per year, 95% CI 0.27–0.48). There was no correlation between epigenetic age and recipient age (P = 0.96). Epigenetic age was 6.5 years greater (95% CI 1.7–11.2) in subjects who had experienced PGD, and this effect remained significant after adjusting for donor and recipient characteristics (P = 0.03). Epigenetic age was not associated with CLAD-free survival risk (P = 0.11). Analysis of differential methylation of promoters of key biologic pathways revealed hypomethylation in regions related to hypoxia, inflammation, and metabolism-associated pathways. Accordingly, airway epithelial cells cultured in hypoxic conditions showed suppressed DNMT activity. While airway methylation age was primarily determined by donor chronologic age, early injury in the form of PGD was associated with increased allograft epigenetic age. These data show how PGD might suppress key promoter methylation resulting in long-term impacts on the allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Dugger
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel R Calabrese
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ying Gao
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Fred Deiter
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tasha Tsao
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Julia Maheshwari
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven R Hays
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lorriana Leard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Kleinhenz
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rupal Shah
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeff Golden
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jasleen Kukreja
- Department of Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erin D Gordon
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan P Singer
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John R Greenland
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, United States
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27
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Ziegler CGK, Miao VN, Owings AH, Navia AW, Tang Y, Bromley JD, Lotfy P, Sloan M, Laird H, Williams HB, George M, Drake RS, Christian T, Parker A, Sindel CB, Burger MW, Pride Y, Hasan M, Abraham GE, Senitko M, Robinson TO, Shalek AK, Glover SC, Horwitz BH, Ordovas-Montanes J. Impaired local intrinsic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe COVID-19. Cell 2021; 184:4713-4733.e22. [PMID: 34352228 PMCID: PMC8299217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause severe respiratory COVID-19. However, many individuals present with isolated upper respiratory symptoms, suggesting potential to constrain viral pathology to the nasopharynx. Which cells SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets and how infection influences the respiratory epithelium remains incompletely understood. We performed scRNA-seq on nasopharyngeal swabs from 58 healthy and COVID-19 participants. During COVID-19, we observe expansion of secretory, loss of ciliated, and epithelial cell repopulation via deuterosomal cell expansion. In mild and moderate COVID-19, epithelial cells express anti-viral/interferon-responsive genes, while cells in severe COVID-19 have muted anti-viral responses despite equivalent viral loads. SARS-CoV-2 RNA+ host-target cells are highly heterogenous, including developing ciliated, interferon-responsive ciliated, AZGP1high goblet, and KRT13+ "hillock"-like cells, and we identify genes associated with susceptibility, resistance, or infection response. Our study defines protective and detrimental responses to SARS-CoV-2, the direct viral targets of infection, and suggests that failed nasal epithelial anti-viral immunity may underlie and precede severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly G K Ziegler
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vincent N Miao
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna H Owings
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Andrew W Navia
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D Bromley
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter Lotfy
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meredith Sloan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Hannah Laird
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Haley B Williams
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Micayla George
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Riley S Drake
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Taylor Christian
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Adam Parker
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Campbell B Sindel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Molly W Burger
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yilianys Pride
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Mohammad Hasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - George E Abraham
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michal Senitko
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Tanya O Robinson
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Program in Health Sciences & Technology, Harvard Medical School & MIT, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Sarah C Glover
- Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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28
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Tindle C, Fuller M, Fonseca A, Taheri S, Ibeawuchi SR, Beutler N, Katkar GD, Claire A, Castillo V, Hernandez M, Russo H, Duran J, Crotty Alexander LE, Tipps A, Lin G, Thistlethwaite PA, Chattopadhyay R, Rogers TF, Sahoo D, Ghosh P, Das S. Adult stem cell-derived complete lung organoid models emulate lung disease in COVID-19. eLife 2021; 10:e66417. [PMID: 34463615 PMCID: PMC8463074 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear. Methods We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monolayers derived from adult lung organoids (ALOs), primary airway cells, or hiPSC-derived alveolar type II (AT2) pneumocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 to create in vitro lung models of COVID-19. Results Infected ALO monolayers best recapitulated the transcriptomic signatures in diverse cohorts of COVID-19 patient-derived respiratory samples. The airway (proximal) cells were critical for sustained viral infection, whereas distal alveolar differentiation (AT2→AT1) was critical for mounting the overzealous host immune response in fatal disease; ALO monolayers with well-mixed proximodistal airway components recapitulated both. Conclusions Findings validate a human lung model of COVID-19, which can be immediately utilized to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis and vet new therapies and vaccines. Funding This work was supported by the National Institutes for Health (NIH) grants 1R01DK107585-01A1, 3R01DK107585-05S1 (to SD); R01-AI141630, CA100768 and CA160911 (to PG) and R01-AI 155696 (to PG, DS and SD); R00-CA151673 and R01-GM138385 (to DS), R01- HL32225 (to PT), UCOP-R00RG2642 (to SD and PG), UCOP-R01RG3780 (to P.G. and D.S) and a pilot award from the Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center at UC San Diego Health (P.G, S.D, D.S). GDK was supported through The American Association of Immunologists Intersect Fellowship Program for Computational Scientists and Immunologists. L.C.A's salary was supported in part by the VA San Diego Healthcare System. This manuscript includes data generated at the UC San Diego Institute of Genomic Medicine (IGC) using an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 that was purchased with funding from a National Institutes of Health SIG grant (#S10 OD026929).
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Tindle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - MacKenzie Fuller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ayden Fonseca
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Sahar Taheri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Stella-Rita Ibeawuchi
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Nathan Beutler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Gajanan Dattatray Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Amanraj Claire
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Vanessa Castillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Moises Hernandez
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Hana Russo
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Jason Duran
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UC San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, United States
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Pulmonary Critical Care Section, Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ann Tipps
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Grace Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | | | - Ranajoy Chattopadhyay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Cell Applications Inc., La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Thomas F Rogers
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, United States
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Soumita Das
- HUMANOID CoRE, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
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Shaykhiev R. Airway Basal Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Continuum or a Dead End? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:10-12. [PMID: 33848453 PMCID: PMC8320128 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0150ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical College New York, New York
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30
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Hysenaj L, Little S, Kulhanek K, Gbenedio OM, Rodriguez L, Shen A, Lone JC, Lupin-Jimenez LC, Bonser LR, Serwas NK, Bahl K, Mick E, Li JZ, Ding VW, Matsumoto S, Maishan M, Simoneau C, Fragiadakis G, Jablons DM, Langelier CR, Matthay M, Ott M, Krummel M, Combes AJ, Sil A, Erle DJ, Kratz JR, Roose JP. SARS-CoV-2 infection studies in lung organoids identify TSPAN8 as novel mediator. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.06.01.446640. [PMID: 34100012 PMCID: PMC8183007 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.01.446640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a global pandemic with large variation in COVID-19 disease spectrum. SARS-CoV-2 infection requires host receptor ACE2 on lung epithelium, but epithelial underpinnings of variation are largely unknown. We capitalized on comprehensive organoid assays to report remarkable variation in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates of lung organoids from different subjects. Tropism is highest for TUBA- and MUC5AC-positive organoid cells, but levels of TUBA-, MUC5A-, or ACE2- positive cells do not predict infection rate. We identify surface molecule Tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) as novel mediator of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is not downregulated by this specific virus. TSPAN8 levels, prior to infection, strongly correlate with infection rate and TSPAN8-blocking antibodies diminish SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose TSPAN8 as novel functional biomarker and potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiena Hysenaj
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Samantha Little
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kayla Kulhanek
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Oghenekevwe M. Gbenedio
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Lauren Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Alan Shen
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Lone
- School of Life Science, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park,Colchester C04 3SQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luke R. Bonser
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Nina K. Serwas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Kriti Bahl
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Eran Mick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA and Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jack Z. Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Vivianne W. Ding
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Shotaro Matsumoto
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Camille Simoneau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Gabriela Fragiadakis
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - David M. Jablons
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Charles R. Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA and Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Michael Matthay
- Gladstone Institute of Virology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Matthew Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Alexis J. Combes
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - David J. Erle
- UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
- Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Johannes R. Kratz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Jeroen P. Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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31
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Tindle C, Fuller M, Fonseca A, Taheri S, Ibeawuchi SR, Beutler N, Katkar G, Claire A, Castillo V, Hernandez M, Russo H, Duran J, Crotty Alexander LE, Tipps A, Lin G, Thistlethwaite PA, Chattopadhyay R, Rogers TF, Sahoo D, Ghosh P, Das S. Adult Stem Cell-derived Complete Lung Organoid Models Emulate Lung Disease in COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2020.10.17.344002. [PMID: 33106807 PMCID: PMC7587781 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.17.344002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, causes widespread damage in the lungs in the setting of an overzealous immune response whose origin remains unclear. We present a scalable, propagable, personalized, cost-effective adult stem cell-derived human lung organoid model that is complete with both proximal and distal airway epithelia. Monolayers derived from adult lung organoids (ALOs), primary airway cells, or hiPSC-derived alveolar type-II (AT2) pneumocytes were infected with SARS-CoV-2 to create in vitro lung models of COVID-19. Infected ALO-monolayers best recapitulated the transcriptomic signatures in diverse cohorts of COVID-19 patient-derived respiratory samples. The airway (proximal) cells were critical for sustained viral infection whereas distal alveolar differentiation (AT2→AT1) was critical for mounting the overzealous host immune response in fatal disease; ALO monolayers with well-mixed proximodistal airway components recapitulated both. Findings validate a human lung model of COVID-19 which can be immediately utilized to investigate COVID-19 pathogenesis, and vet new therapies and vaccines.
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32
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Siddiqui S, Johansson K, Joo A, Bonser LR, Koh KD, Le Tonqueze O, Bolourchi S, Bautista RA, Zlock L, Roth TL, Marson A, Bhakta NR, Ansel KM, Finkbeiner WE, Erle DJ, Woodruff PG. Epithelial miR-141 regulates IL-13-induced airway mucus production. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139019. [PMID: 33682796 PMCID: PMC8021117 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia contributes to airway remodeling and pathological mucus hypersecretion in asthma. miRNAs are potent modulators of cellular responses, but their role in mucus regulation is largely unexplored. We hypothesized that airway epithelial miRNAs play roles in IL-13-induced mucus regulation. miR-141 is highly expressed in human and mouse airway epithelium, is altered in bronchial brushings from asthmatic subjects at baseline, and is induced shortly after airway allergen exposure. We established a CRISPR/Cas9-based protocol to target miR-141 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells that were differentiated at air-liquid-interface, and goblet cell hyperplasia was induced by IL-13 stimulation. miR-141 disruption resulted in decreased goblet cell frequency, intracellular MUC5AC, and total secreted mucus. These effects correlated with a reduction in a goblet cell gene expression signature and enrichment of a basal cell gene expression signature defined by single cell RNA sequencing. Furthermore, intranasal administration of a sequence-specific mmu-miR-141-3p inhibitor in mice decreased Aspergillus-induced secreted mucus and mucus-producing cells in the lung and reduced airway hyperresponsiveness without affecting cellular inflammation. In conclusion, we have identified a miRNA that regulates pathological airway mucus production and is amenable to therapeutic manipulation through an inhaled route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Siddiqui
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
| | - Kristina Johansson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Alex Joo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
| | | | - Kyung Duk Koh
- Lung Biology Center
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | | | - Samaneh Bolourchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
| | - Rodriel A. Bautista
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
| | | | - Theodore L. Roth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, and
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nirav R. Bhakta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - K. Mark Ansel
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - David J. Erle
- Lung Biology Center
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
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33
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Bonser LR, Eckalbar WL, Rodriguez L, Shen J, Koh KD, Zlock LT, Christenson S, Woodruff PG, Finkbeiner WE, Erle DJ. The type 2 asthma mediator IL-13 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of bronchial epithelium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.02.25.432762. [PMID: 33655249 PMCID: PMC7924269 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.25.432762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma is associated with chronic changes in the airway epithelium, a key target of SARS-CoV-2. Many epithelial changes are driven by the type 2 cytokine IL-13, but the effects of IL-13 on SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to discover how IL-13 and other cytokines affect expression of genes encoding SARS-CoV-2-associated host proteins in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and determine whether IL-13 stimulation alters susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We used bulk and single cell RNA-seq to identify cytokine-induced changes in SARS-CoV-2-associated gene expression in HBECs. We related these to gene expression changes in airway epithelium from individuals with mild-moderate asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We analyzed effects of IL-13 on SARS-CoV-2 infection of HBECs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Transcripts encoding 332 of 342 (97%) SARS-CoV-2-associated proteins were detected in HBECs (≥1 RPM in 50% samples). 41 (12%) of these mRNAs were regulated by IL-13 (>1.5-fold change, FDR < 0.05). Many IL-13-regulated SARS-CoV-2-associated genes were also altered in type 2 high asthma and COPD. IL-13 pretreatment reduced viral RNA recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and decreased dsRNA, a marker of viral replication, to below the limit of detection in our assay. Mucus also inhibited viral infection. CONCLUSIONS IL-13 markedly reduces susceptibility of HBECs to SARS-CoV-2 infection through mechanisms that likely differ from those activated by type I interferons. Our findings may help explain reports of relatively low prevalence of asthma in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and could lead to new strategies for reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Bonser
- Lung Biology Center, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
| | - Walter L. Eckalbar
- Lung Biology Center, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
- UCSF CoLabs; University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Jiangshan Shen
- Lung Biology Center, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kyung Duk Koh
- Lung Biology Center, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lorna T. Zlock
- Department of Pathology; University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stephanie Christenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
- Cardiovascular Research Institute; University of California, San Francisco
- ImmunoX Initiative; University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - David J. Erle
- Lung Biology Center, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, San Francisco
- UCSF CoLabs; University of California, San Francisco
- Cardiovascular Research Institute; University of California, San Francisco
- ImmunoX Initiative; University of California, San Francisco
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Fiege JK, Thiede JM, Nanda HA, Matchett WE, Moore PJ, Montanari NR, Thielen BK, Daniel J, Stanley E, Hunter RC, Menachery VD, Shen SS, Bold TD, Langlois RA. Single cell resolution of SARS-CoV-2 tropism, antiviral responses, and susceptibility to therapies in primary human airway epithelium. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009292. [PMID: 33507952 PMCID: PMC7872261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human airway epithelium is the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing to understand how the heterogeneity of this diverse cell population contributes to elements of viral tropism and pathogenesis, antiviral immunity, and treatment response to remdesivir. We found that, while a variety of epithelial cell types are susceptible to infection, ciliated cells are the predominant cell target of SARS-CoV-2. The host protease TMPRSS2 was required for infection of these cells. Importantly, remdesivir treatment effectively inhibited viral replication across cell types, and blunted hyperinflammatory responses. Induction of interferon responses within infected cells was rare and there was significant heterogeneity in the antiviral gene signatures, varying with the burden of infection in each cell. We also found that heavily infected secretory cells expressed abundant IL-6, a potential mediator of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Fiege
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Thiede
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hezkiel Arya Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William E. Matchett
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noe Rico Montanari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Beth K. Thielen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jerry Daniel
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emma Stanley
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Hunter
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tyler D. Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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35
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Samuel RM, Majd H, Richter MN, Ghazizadeh Z, Zekavat SM, Navickas A, Ramirez JT, Asgharian H, Simoneau CR, Bonser LR, Koh KD, Garcia-Knight M, Tassetto M, Sunshine S, Farahvashi S, Kalantari A, Liu W, Andino R, Zhao H, Natarajan P, Erle DJ, Ott M, Goodarzi H, Fattahi F. Androgen Signaling Regulates SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Levels and Is Associated with Severe COVID-19 Symptoms in Men. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:876-889.e12. [PMID: 33232663 PMCID: PMC7670929 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has led to a global health crisis, and yet our understanding of the disease and potential treatment options remains limited. The infection occurs through binding of the virus with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell membrane. Here, we established a screening strategy to identify drugs that reduce ACE2 levels in human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiac cells and lung organoids. Target analysis of hit compounds revealed androgen signaling as a key modulator of ACE2 levels. Treatment with antiandrogenic drugs reduced ACE2 expression and protected hESC-derived lung organoids against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, clinical data on COVID-19 patients demonstrated that prostate diseases, which are linked to elevated androgen, are significant risk factors and that genetic variants that increase androgen levels are associated with higher disease severity. These findings offer insights on the mechanism of disproportionate disease susceptibility in men and identify antiandrogenic drugs as candidate therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Samuel
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Homa Majd
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mikayla N Richter
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Albertas Navickas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan T Ramirez
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hosseinali Asgharian
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Luke R Bonser
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kyung Duk Koh
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miguel Garcia-Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michel Tassetto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sara Sunshine
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sina Farahvashi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ali Kalantari
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Program of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Program of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David J Erle
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hani Goodarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Faranak Fattahi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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