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Hetland G, Fagerhol MK, Mirlashari MR, Nissen-Meyer LSH, Croci S, Lonati PA, Bonacini M, Salvarani C, Marvisi C, Bodio C, Muratore F, Borghi MO, Meroni PL. Elevated NET, Calprotectin, and Neopterin Levels Discriminate between Disease Activity in COVID-19, as Evidenced by Need for Hospitalization among Patients in Northern Italy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:766. [PMID: 38672123 PMCID: PMC11048478 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) displays clinical heterogeneity, but little information is available for patients with mild or very early disease. We aimed to characterize biomarkers that are useful for discriminating the hospitalization risk in a COVID-19 cohort from Northern Italy during the first pandemic wave. We enrolled and followed for four weeks 76 symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and age/sex-matched healthy controls. Patients with mild disease were discharged (n.42), and the remaining patients were hospitalized (n.34). Blood was collected before any anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive therapy and assessed for soluble C5b-9/C5a, H3-neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), calprotectin, and DNase plasma levels via ELISA and a panel of proinflammatory cytokines via ELLA. Calprotectin and NET levels discriminate between hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients, while DNase negatively correlates with NET levels; there are positive correlations between calprotectin and both NET and neopterin levels. Neopterin levels increase in patients at the beginning of the disease and do so more in hospitalized than non-hospitalized patients. C5a and sC5b-9, and other acute phase proteins, correlate with neopterin, calprotectin, and DNase. Both NET and neopterin levels negatively correlate with platelet count. We show that calprotectin, NETs, and neopterin are important proinflammatory parameters potentially useful for discriminating between COVID-19 patients at risk of hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Hetland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0451 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Kristoffer Fagerhol
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0451 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirlashari
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
| | - Lise Sofie Haug Nissen-Meyer
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.H.); (M.K.F.); (M.R.M.); (L.S.H.N.-M.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Paola Adele Lonati
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Chiara Marvisi
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Caterina Bodio
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
| | - Francesco Muratore
- Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia e Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (C.S.); (C.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Research Laboratory of Immunorheumatology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Italy; (P.A.L.); (C.B.); or (M.O.B.)
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Miková E, Černý V, Novotná O, Petrásková P, Boráková K, Hel Z, Hrdý J. Immature neutrophils in cord blood exert increased expression of genes associated with antimicrobial function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368624. [PMID: 38596677 PMCID: PMC11002259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The immune systems of both the mother and the newborn face significant challenges during birth. Proper immune regulation after birth is essential for the survival of neonates. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the neonatal immune system is relatively immature, particularly in its adaptive arm, placing the primary responsibility for immune surveillance on innate immunity. Methods Given the significant role of neutrophils in protecting the neonate after birth, we conducted a study investigating the properties of neutrophils in newborn cord blood using various methodological approaches. Results Our findings demonstrate the presence of immature low-density neutrophils in the cord blood, which are likely responsible for the observed elevated expression of genes coding for proteins essential to antimicrobial response, including myeloperoxidase, neutrophils elastase, and defensins. Discussion We propose that these cells function normally and support the protection of newborns early after birth. Furthermore, our results suggest that the mode of delivery might significantly influence the programming of neutrophil function. The presented findings emphasize the importance of distinct neutrophil subpopulations in neonatal immunity and their potential impact on early postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Miková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Viktor Černý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olga Novotná
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Petrásková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Boráková
- Department of Neonatology, Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Pathology Department, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Long MB, Howden AJM, Keir HR, Rollings CM, Giam YH, Pembridge T, Delgado L, Abo-Leyah H, Lloyd AF, Sollberger G, Hull R, Gilmour A, Hughes C, New BJM, Cassidy D, Shoemark A, Richardson H, Lamond AI, Cantrell DA, Chalmers JD, Brenes AJ. Extensive acute and sustained changes to neutrophil proteomes post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2300787. [PMID: 38097207 PMCID: PMC10918319 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00787-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils are important in the pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the molecular changes contributing to altered neutrophil phenotypes following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are not fully understood. We used quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to explore neutrophil phenotypes immediately following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and during recovery. METHODS Prospective observational study of hospitalised patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (May to December 2020). Patients were enrolled within 96 h of admission, with longitudinal sampling up to 29 days. Control groups comprised non-COVID-19 acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and age-matched noninfected controls. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and analysed using mass spectrometry. COVID-19 severity and recovery were defined using the World Health Organization ordinal scale. RESULTS Neutrophil proteomes from 84 COVID-19 patients were compared to those from 91 LRTI and 42 control participants. 5800 neutrophil proteins were identified, with >1700 proteins significantly changed in neutrophils from COVID-19 patients compared to noninfected controls. Neutrophils from COVID-19 patients initially all demonstrated a strong interferon signature, but this signature rapidly declined in patients with severe disease. Severe disease was associated with increased abundance of proteins involved in metabolism, immunosuppression and pattern recognition, while delayed recovery from COVID-19 was associated with decreased granule components and reduced abundance of metabolic proteins, chemokine and leukotriene receptors, integrins and inhibitory receptors. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection results in the sustained presence of circulating neutrophils with distinct proteomes suggesting altered metabolic and immunosuppressive profiles and altered capacities to respond to migratory signals and cues from other immune cells, pathogens or cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete B Long
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
- Indicates equal contribution
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Indicates equal contribution
| | - Holly R Keir
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
- Indicates equal contribution
| | - Christina M Rollings
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Indicates equal contribution
| | - Yan Hui Giam
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas Pembridge
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Lilia Delgado
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Hani Abo-Leyah
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Amy F Lloyd
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gabriel Sollberger
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hull
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amy Gilmour
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Chloe Hughes
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Benjamin J M New
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Diane Cassidy
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Hollian Richardson
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Doreen A Cantrell
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
- Indicates joint senior authorship
| | - Alejandro J Brenes
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Indicates joint senior authorship
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Marsile-Medun S, Souchard M, Abba Moussa D, Reynaud É, Tuaillon E, Naranjo-Gomez M, Pelegrin M. Fc receptors are key discriminatory markers of granulocytes subsets in people living with HIV-1. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345422. [PMID: 38384451 PMCID: PMC10879334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Granulocytes are innate immune cells that play a key role in pathogen elimination. Recent studies revealed the diversity of granulocytes in terms of phenotype and function. In particular, a subset of granulocytes identified as low-density granulocytes (LDG) has been described in physiological conditions and with increased frequencies in several pathological contexts. However, the properties of LDG are still controversial as they vary according to the pathophysiological environment. Here we investigated the heterogeneity of granulocyte populations and the potential differences in phenotype and immunomodulatory capacity between LDG and normal density granulocytes (NDG) in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Methods To this end, we developed an optimized method to purify LDG and NDG from a single blood sample, and performed in-depth, comparative phenotypic characterization of both granulocyte subtypes. We also assessed the impact of purification steps on the expression of cell surface markers on LDG by immunophenotyping them at different stages of isolation. Results We identified 9 cell surface markers (CD16, CD32, CD89, CD62L, CD177, CD31, CD10, CXCR4 and CD172α) differentially expressed between LDG and NDG. Noteworthy, markers that distinguish the two subsets include receptors for the Fc part of IgG (CD16, CD32) and IgA (CD89). Importantly, we also highlighted that the purification procedure affects the expression of several cell surface markers (i.e.CD63, CD66b, …) which must be taken into account when characterizing LDG. Our work sheds new light on the properties of LDG in PLWH and provides an extensive characterization of this granulocyte subset in which Fc receptors are key discriminatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manon Souchard
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Élisa Reynaud
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Oh DS, Kim E, Lu G, Normand R, Shook LL, Lyall A, Jasset O, Demidkin S, Gilbert E, Kim J, Akinwunmi B, Tantivit J, Tirard A, Arnold BY, Slowikowski K, Goldberg MB, Filbin MR, Hacohen N, Nguyen LH, Chan AT, Yu XG, Li JZ, Yonker L, Fasano A, Perlis RH, Pasternak O, Gray KJ, Choi GB, Drew DA, Sen P, Villani AC, Edlow AG, Huh JR. SARS-CoV-2 infection elucidates unique features of pregnancy-specific immunity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.05.24301794. [PMID: 38370801 PMCID: PMC10871456 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.24301794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a risk factor for increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory infections. The mechanisms underlying this risk have not been well-established, partly due to a limited understanding of how pregnancy shapes immune responses. To gain insight into the role of pregnancy in modulating immune responses at steady state and upon perturbation, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), plasma, and stool from 226 women, including 152 pregnant individuals (n = 96 with SARS-CoV-2 infection and n = 56 healthy controls) and 74 non-pregnant women (n = 55 with SARS-CoV-2 and n = 19 healthy controls). We found that SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with altered T cell responses in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women. Differences included a lower percentage of memory T cells, a distinct clonal expansion of CD4-expressing CD8 + T cells, and the enhanced expression of T cell exhaustion markers, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3), in pregnant women. We identified additional evidence of immune dysfunction in severely and critically ill pregnant women, including a lack of expected elevation in regulatory T cell (Treg) levels, diminished interferon responses, and profound suppression of monocyte function. Consistent with earlier data, we found maternal obesity was also associated with altered immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines by T cells. Certain gut bacterial species were altered in pregnancy and upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant individuals compared to non-pregnant women. Shifts in cytokine and chemokine levels were also identified in the sera of pregnant individuals, most notably a robust increase of interleukin-27 (IL-27), a cytokine known to drive T cell exhaustion, in the pregnant uninfected control group compared to all non-pregnant groups. IL-27 levels were also significantly higher in uninfected pregnant controls compared to pregnant SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Using two different preclinical mouse models of inflammation-induced fetal demise and respiratory influenza viral infection, we found that enhanced IL-27 protects developing fetuses from maternal inflammation but renders adult female mice vulnerable to viral infection. These combined findings from human and murine studies reveal nuanced pregnancy-associated immune responses, suggesting mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of pregnant individuals to viral respiratory infections.
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Rong N, Wei X, Liu J. The Role of Neutrophil in COVID-19: Positive or Negative. J Innate Immun 2024; 16:80-95. [PMID: 38224674 PMCID: PMC10861219 DOI: 10.1159/000535541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils are the first line of defense against pathogens. They are divided into multiple subpopulations during development and kill pathogens through various mechanisms. Neutrophils are considered one of the markers of severe COVID-19. SUMMARY In-depth research has revealed that neutrophil subpopulations have multiple complex functions. Different subsets of neutrophils play an important role in the progression of COVID-19. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the developmental processes of neutrophils at different stages and their recruitment and activation after SARS-CoV-2 infection, aiming to elucidate the changes in neutrophil subpopulations, characteristics, and functions after infection and provide a reference for mechanistic research on neutrophil subpopulations in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we have also summarized research progress on potential targeted drugs for neutrophil immunotherapy, hoping to provide information that aids the development of therapeutic drugs for the clinical treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Rong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangning Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Ouyang J, Hong Y, Wan Y, He X, Geng B, Yang X, Xiang J, Cai J, Zeng Z, Liu Z, Peng N, Jiang Y, Liu J. PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and ROS generation in neutrophils. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111271. [PMID: 38006749 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pinaverium bromide (PVB) has been shown to protect mice against sepsis, which is predominantly attributed to PVB-mediated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting primed neutrophils to produce proinflammatory cytokines. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which PVB affects neutrophils remains unknown. In this study, we report that treatment with PVB either before or after LPS stimulation attenuated IL-1β and TNF-α expression at both mRNA and protein levels in LPS-activated murine neutrophils. Further experiments revealed that PVB inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and IκBα in LPS-stimulated murine neutrophils. Moreover, PVB reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels via regulating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activity, as represented by inhibiting p47phox translocation from the cytoplasm to the cellular membrane. Importantly, PVB significantly attenuated IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, CXCL1 production in both LPS-stimulated low density neutrophils (LDNs) and normal density neutrophils (NDNs) isolated from septic patients. Collectively, we demonstrated that PVB exerts anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating ROS generation and suppressing the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that PVB may act as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil priming and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingxuan Geng
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- School of the First Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Shafqat A, Khan JA, Alkachem AY, Sabur H, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A, Sing GK. How Neutrophils Shape the Immune Response: Reassessing Their Multifaceted Role in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17583. [PMID: 38139412 PMCID: PMC10744338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant of the circulating immune cells and are the first to be recruited to sites of inflammation. Neutrophils are a heterogeneous group of immune cells from which are derived extracellular traps (NETs), reactive oxygen species, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory factors, and alarmins that regulate the recruitment and phenotypes of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. In addition, cytokine-stimulated neutrophils can express class II major histocompatibility complex and the internal machinery necessary for successful antigen presentation to memory CD4+ T cells. This may be relevant in the context of vaccine memory. Neutrophils thus emerge as orchestrators of immune responses that play a key role in determining the outcome of infections, vaccine efficacy, and chronic diseases like autoimmunity and cancer. This review aims to provide a synthesis of current evidence as regards the role of these functions of neutrophils in homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia (K.A.); (A.Y.); (G.K.S.)
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Harte JV, Coleman-Vaughan C, Crowley MP, Mykytiv V. It's in the blood: a review of the hematological system in SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:595-624. [PMID: 37439130 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2232010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. While SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19 affects primarily the respiratory system, patients with COVID-19 frequently develop extrapulmonary manifestations. Notably, changes in the hematological system, including lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and significant abnormalities of hemostatic markers, were observed early in the pandemic. Hematological manifestations have since been recognized as important parameters in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of patients with COVID-19. In this narrative review, we summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the hematological and hemostatic abnormalities observed in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19, as well as the current understanding of the hematological system in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Harte
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Maeve P Crowley
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Network for Venous Thromboembolism Research (INViTE), Ireland
| | - Vitaliy Mykytiv
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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Liu Y, Xiang C, Que Z, Li C, Wang W, Yin L, Chu C, Zhou Y. Neutrophil heterogeneity and aging: implications for COVID-19 and wound healing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201651. [PMID: 38090596 PMCID: PMC10715311 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play a critical role in the immune response to infection and tissue injury. However, recent studies have shown that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with distinct subtypes that differ in their functional properties. Moreover, aging can alter neutrophil function and exacerbate immune dysregulation. In this review, we discuss the concept of neutrophil heterogeneity and how it may be affected by aging. We then examine the implications of neutrophil heterogeneity and aging for COVID-19 pathogenesis and wound healing. Specifically, we summarize the evidence for neutrophil involvement in COVID-19 and the potential mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment and activation in this disease. We also review the literature on the role of neutrophils in the wound healing process and how aging and neutrophil heterogeneity may impact wound healing outcomes. Finally, we discuss the potential for neutrophil-targeted therapies to improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Chu
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Medical Cosmetic Center, Chengdu Second People's Hospital; Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liao TL, Liu HJ, Chen DY, Tang KT, Chen YM, Liu PY. SARS-CoV-2 primed platelets-derived microRNAs enhance NETs formation by extracellular vesicle transmission and TLR7/8 activation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:304. [PMID: 37904132 PMCID: PMC10614402 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperactive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vehicles which carry cellular components for intercellular communication. The association between COVID-19 patients-derived EVs and NETs formation remains elusive. METHODS We explored the roles of EVs in NETs formation from 40 COVID-19 patients with different disease severities as well as 30 healthy subjects. The EVs-carried microRNAs profile was analyzed using next generation sequencing approach which was validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The regulatory mechanism of EVs on NETs formation was investigated by using an in vitro cell-based assay, including immunofluorescence assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. RESULTS COVID-19 patient-derived EVs induced NETs formation by endocytosis uptake. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-triggered NETs formation was significantly enhanced in the presence of platelet-derived EVs (pEVs) and this effect was Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8- and NADPH oxidase-dependent. Increased levels of miR-21/let-7b were revealed in EVs from COVID-19 patients and were associated with disease severity. We demonstrated that the spike protein activated platelets directly, followed by the subsequent intracellular miR-21/let-7b upregulation and then were loaded into pEVs. The pEVs-carried miR-21 interacted with TLR7/8 to prime p47phox phosphorylation in neutrophils, resulting in NADPH oxidase activation to promote ROS production and NETs enhancement. In addition, miR-21 modulates NF-κB activation and IL-1β/TNFα/IL-8 upregulation in neutrophils upon TLR7/8 engagement. The miR-21 inhibitor and TLR8 antagonist could suppress efficiently spike protein-induced NETs formation and pEVs primed NETs enhancement. CONCLUSIONS We identified SARS-CoV-2 triggered platelets-derived GU-enriched miRNAs (e.g., miR-21/let-7b) as a TLR7/8 ligand that could activate neutrophils through EVs transmission. The miR-21-TLR8 axis could be used as a potential predisposing factor or therapeutic target for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan.
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Jen Liu
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Rong Hsing Translational Medicine Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Division of Infection, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.1650, Sec.4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun Dist, Taichung City, 407, Taiwan.
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12
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Figueirêdo Leite GG, Colo Brunialti MK, Peçanha-Pietrobom PM, Abrão Ferreira PR, Ota-Arakaki JS, Cunha-Neto E, Ferreira BL, Ronsein GE, Tashima AK, Salomão R. Understanding COVID-19 progression with longitudinal peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomics: Changes in the cellular proteome over time. iScience 2023; 26:107824. [PMID: 37736053 PMCID: PMC10509719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical presentation of COVID-19 is highly variable, and understanding the underlying biological processes is crucial. This study utilized a proteomic analysis to investigate dysregulated processes in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy volunteers. Samples were collected at different stages of the disease, including hospital admission, after 7 days of hospitalization, and 30 days after discharge. Metabolic pathway alterations and increased abundance of neutrophil-related proteins were observed in patients. Patients progressing to critical illness had significantly low-abundance proteins in the pentose phosphate and glycolysis pathways compared with those presenting clinical recovery. Important biological processes, such as fatty acid concentration and glucose metabolism disorder, remained altered even after 30 days of hospital discharge. Temporal proteomic changes revealed distinct pathways in critically ill and non-critically ill patients. Our study emphasizes the significance of longitudinal cellular proteomic studies in identifying disease progression-related pathways and persistent protein changes post-hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Karina Colo Brunialti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula M. Peçanha-Pietrobom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Abrão Ferreira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaquelina Sonoe Ota-Arakaki
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Lima Ferreira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella E. Ronsein
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Salomão
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Raju Paul S, Scholzen A, Reeves PM, Shepard R, Hess JM, Dzeng RK, Korek S, Garritsen A, Poznansky MC, Sluder AE. Cytometry profiling of ex vivo recall responses to Coxiella burnetii in previously naturally exposed individuals reveals long-term changes in both adaptive and innate immune cellular compartments. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249581. [PMID: 37885896 PMCID: PMC10598782 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Q fever, caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, is considered an occupational and biodefense hazard and can result in debilitating long-term complications. While natural infection and vaccination induce humoral and cellular immune responses, the exact nature of cellular immune responses to C. burnetii is incompletely understood. The current study seeks to investigate more deeply the nature of long-term cellular recall responses in naturally exposed individuals by both cytokine release assessment and cytometry profiling. Methods Individuals exposed during the 2007-2010 Dutch Q fever outbreak were grouped in 2015, based on a C. burnetii-specific IFNγ release assay (IGRA), serological status, and self-reported clinical symptoms during initial infection, into asymptomatic IGRA-negative/seronegative controls, and three IGRA-positive groups (seronegative/asymptomatic; seropositive/asymptomatic and seropositive/symptomatic). Recall responses following in vitro re-stimulation with heat-inactivated C. burnetii in whole blood, were assessed in 2016/2017 by cytokine release assays (n=55) and flow cytometry (n=36), and in blood mononuclear cells by mass cytometry (n=36). Results Cytokine release analysis showed significantly elevated IL-2 responses in all seropositive individuals and elevated IL-1β responses in those recovered from symptomatic infection. Comparative flow cytometry analysis revealed significantly increased IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 recall responses by CD4 T cells and higher IL-6 production by monocytes from symptomatic, IGRA-positive/seropositive individuals compared to controls. Mass cytometry profiling and unsupervised clustering analysis confirmed recall responses in seropositive individuals by two activated CD4 T cell subsets, one characterized by a strong Th1 cytokine profile (IFNγ+IL-2+TNFα+), and identified C. burnetii-specific activation of CD8 T cells in all IGRA-positive groups. Remarkably, increased C. burnetii-specific responses in IGRA-positive individuals were also observed in three innate cell subpopulations: one characterized by an IFNγ+IL-2+TNFα+ Th1 cytokine profile and lack of canonical marker expression, and two IL-1β-, IL-6- and IL-8-producing CD14+ monocyte subsets that could be the drivers of elevated secretion of innate cytokines in pre-exposed individuals. Discussion These data highlight that there are long-term increased responses to C. burnetii in both adaptive and innate cellular compartments, the latter being indicative of trained immunity. These findings warrant future studies into the protective role of these innate responses and may inform future Q fever vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Raju Paul
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Patrick M. Reeves
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Shepard
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joshua M. Hess
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard K. Dzeng
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Skylar Korek
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Mark C. Poznansky
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann E. Sluder
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Tang SW, Helmeste DM, Leonard BE. COVID-19 as a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases: a review with focus on the brain. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2023; 35:248-269. [PMID: 36861428 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
There appear to be huge variations and aberrations in the reported data in COVID-19 2 years now into the pandemic. Conflicting data exist at almost every level and also in the reported epidemiological statistics across different regions. It is becoming clear that COVID-19 is a polymorphic inflammatory spectrum of diseases, and there is a wide range of inflammation-related pathology and symptoms in those infected with the virus. The host's inflammatory response to COVID-19 appears to be determined by genetics, age, immune status, health status and stage of disease. The interplay of these factors may decide the magnitude, duration, types of pathology, symptoms and prognosis in the spectrum of COVID-19 disorders, and whether neuropsychiatric disorders continue to be significant. Early and successful management of inflammation reduces morbidity and mortality in all stages of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Wa Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daiga Maret Helmeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian E Leonard
- Institute of Brain Medicine, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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15
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Shafqat A, Omer MH, Albalkhi I, Alabdul Razzak G, Abdulkader H, Abdul Rab S, Sabbah BN, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Neutrophil extracellular traps and long COVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254310. [PMID: 37828990 PMCID: PMC10565006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-acute COVID-19 sequelae, commonly known as long COVID, encompasses a range of systemic symptoms experienced by a significant number of COVID-19 survivors. The underlying pathophysiology of long COVID has become a topic of intense research discussion. While chronic inflammation in long COVID has received considerable attention, the role of neutrophils, which are the most abundant of all immune cells and primary responders to inflammation, has been unfortunately overlooked, perhaps due to their short lifespan. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the persistent inflammatory response observed in long COVID patients. We present early evidence linking the persistence of NETs to pulmonary fibrosis, cardiovascular abnormalities, and neurological dysfunction in long COVID. Several uncertainties require investigation in future studies. These include the mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 brings about sustained neutrophil activation phenotypes after infection resolution; whether the heterogeneity of neutrophils seen in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection persists into the chronic phase; whether the presence of autoantibodies in long COVID can induce NETs and protect them from degradation; whether NETs exert differential, organ-specific effects; specifically which NET components contribute to organ-specific pathologies, such as pulmonary fibrosis; and whether senescent cells can drive NET formation through their pro-inflammatory secretome in long COVID. Answering these questions may pave the way for the development of clinically applicable strategies targeting NETs, providing relief for this emerging health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Huang C, Fan X, Shen Y, Shen M, Yang L. Neutrophil subsets in noncancer liver diseases: Cellular crosstalk and therapeutic targets. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250324. [PMID: 37495829 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating granulocytes, linking innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophils can regulate inflammatory and immune responses through degranulation, reactive oxygen species generation, the production of cytokines and chemokines, and NETosis. Emerging evidence has indicated that neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of various noncancer liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and liver fibrosis. Cellular interactions among neutrophils, other immune cells, and nonimmune cells constitute a complex network that regulates the immune microenvironment of the liver. This review summarizes novel neutrophil subtypes, including CD177+ neutrophils and low-density neutrophils. Moreover, we provide an overview of the cellular cros stalk of neutrophils in noncancer liver diseases, aiming to shed new light on mechanistic studies of novel neutrophil subtypes. In addition, we discuss the potential of neutrophils as therapeutic targets in noncancer liver diseases, including inhibitors targeting NETosis, granule proteins, and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyi Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Park J, Dean LS, Heckl J, Gangcuangco LM, Pedro TK, Tallquist MD, Seto TB, Shiramizu B, Chow DC, Shikuma CM. Low-density granulocytes display immature cells with enhanced NET formation in people living with HIV. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13282. [PMID: 37587169 PMCID: PMC10432506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While the protective role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in limiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spread to susceptible cells has been documented, there is comparatively little insight into whether NET formation is harmful in people living with HIV (PLWH). To gain insight into neutrophil dysregulation and the pathological role of NETs in HIV, we examined expressions of NET-associated markers [cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3)] in the plasmas from a cohort of the Hawaii Aging with HIV-cardiovascular and HIV-seronegative (HIV-) individuals. In a subset of participants, circulating low-density granulocyte (LDG) levels and their maturation and activation status were analyzed via flow cytometry. We demonstrated higher plasma levels of CitH3 in PLWH compared to HIV- individuals. LDGs from PLWH had heightened CD66b, but reduced CD16 expression. The percentages and counts of CD10+ LDGs were significantly decreased in PLWH. In addition, the CD16Lo LDG subsets were enriched in PLWH, compared to HIV- group, indicating that immature LDGs are increased in PLWH. Moreover, LDGs from PLWH exhibited significantly higher NET forming capacity. In summary, our study presents evidence that LDGs from PLWH on ART display an immature and altered phenotype with increased NET formation. Among PLWH, plasma NET levels as well as LDG parameters correlated with blood markers for inflammation and coagulation, suggesting that neutrophil activation and NETs may exert proinflammatory and coagulation effects. Our data provide insights into the pathologic role of LDGs at least in part mediated through NET formation in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Park
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA.
| | - Logan S Dean
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Jack Heckl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Louie Mar Gangcuangco
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Te-Kie Pedro
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Michelle D Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Todd B Seto
- The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Bruce Shiramizu
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Dominic C Chow
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Cecilia M Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
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18
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Li J, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Gu Z, Huang C. Neutrophils in COVID-19: recent insights and advances. Virol J 2023; 20:169. [PMID: 37533131 PMCID: PMC10398943 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure and death, posing significant threat to human health. Studies have found that pathological mechanisms, such as cytokine storms caused by uncontrolled innate immune system activation, release of damage-associated molecular patterns during tissue injury and a high incidence of thrombotic events, are associated with the function and dysfunction of neutrophils. Specifically, the increased formation of low-density neutrophils (LDNs) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been shown to be closely linked with the severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Our work focuses on understanding the increased number, abnormal activation, lung tissue infiltration, and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. We also explore the involvement of NETs and LDNs in disease progression and thrombosis formation, along with potential therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil and NETs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Kegong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Ziyang Gu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Changxing Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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19
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Zhou W, Cao X, Xu Q, Qu J, Sun Y. The double-edged role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e325. [PMID: 37492784 PMCID: PMC10363828 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important immune cells act as the body's first line of defense against infection and respond to diverse inflammatory cues. Many studies have demonstrated that neutrophils display plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers. Clarifying the role of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers will contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies. In this review, we have presented a review on the development of the understanding on neutrophil heterogeneity from the traditional perspective and a high-resolution viewpoint. A growing body of evidence has confirmed the double-edged role of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases and tumors. This may be due to a lack of precise understanding of the role of specific neutrophil subsets in the disease. Thus, elucidating specific neutrophil subsets involved in diseases would benefit the development of precision medicine. Thusly, we have summarized the relevance and actions of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers comprehensively. Meanwhile, we also discussed the potential intervention strategy for neutrophils. This review is intended to deepen our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity in inflammatory diseases and cancers, while hold promise for precise treatment of neutrophil-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhou
- Department of PharmacyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Xinran Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical SciencesSchool of Life ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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20
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Li S, Wang H, Shao Q. The central role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and by-products in COVID-19 related pulmonary thrombosis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e949. [PMID: 37647446 PMCID: PMC10461423 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular trap networks (neutrophil extracellular traps [NETs]) of polymorphonuclear neutrophils are mesh-like substances that prevent the spread of pathogens. They primarily consist of DNA skeletons, histones, granule components, and cytoplasmic proteins. NETs formation requires a certain environment and there are different pathways for NETs production. However, it is still not clear how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) promotes NETs. NETs exert antiinflammatory effects through immune response, while they can also lead to certain adverse outcomes, such as the development of immunothrombosis. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an inflammatory reaction affecting various organs caused by SARS-CoV-2, especially the lungs. NETs production and disease severity are linked with unique neutrophil clusters by single-cell RNA sequencing. NETs might exert an anti-inflammatory role in the initial stage of lung tissue inflammation. Nevertheless, numerous studies and cases have shown that they can also result in pulmonary thrombosis. There is mounting evidence that NETs are tightly related with COVID-19 pulmonary thrombosis, and many studies on the mechanisms are involved. The role and mechanism of NETs in the development of pulmonary thrombosis will be the main topics of this manuscript. Additionally, we address the potential targeting of NETs in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Li
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsuChina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineJiangsu College of NursingHuai'anJiangsuChina
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21
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Resende ADS, de Oliveira YLM, de Franca MNF, Magalhães LS, Correa CB, Fukutani KF, Lipscomb MW, de Moura TR. Obesity in Severe COVID-19 Patients Has a Distinct Innate Immune Phenotype. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2116. [PMID: 37626613 PMCID: PMC10452870 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity alters the capacity of effective immune responses in infections. To further address this phenomenon in the context of COVID-19, this study investigated how the immunophenotype of leukocytes was altered in individuals with obesity in severe COVID-19. This cross-sectional study enrolled 27 ICU COVID-19 patients (67% women, 56.33 ± 19.55 years) that were assigned to obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 9) or non-obese (BMI < 30kg/m2, n = 18) groups. Monocytes, NK, and both Low-Density (LD) and High-Density (HD) neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood samples, and surface receptors' frequency and expression patterns were analyzed by flow cytometry. Clinical status and biochemical data were additionally evaluated. The frequency of monocytes was negatively correlated with BMI, while NK cells and HD neutrophils were positively associated (p < 0.05). Patients with obesity showed a significant reduction of monocytes, and these cells expressed high levels of PD-L1 (p < 0.05). A higher frequency of NK cells and increased expression of TREM-1+ on HD neutrophils were detected in obese patients (p < 0.05). The expression of receptors related to antigen-presentation, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, inflammation and suppression were strongly correlated with clinical markers only in obese patients (p < 0.05). Collectively, these outcomes revealed that obesity differentially affected, and largely depressed, innate immune response in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayane de Sá Resende
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | - Yrna Lorena Matos de Oliveira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | - Mariana Nobre Farias de Franca
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | - Lucas Sousa Magalhães
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
- Department of Parasitology and Pathology, ICBS, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57072-900, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Bani Correa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristovao 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Kiyoshi Ferreira Fukutani
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
| | | | - Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju 49060-100, Sergipe, Brazil; (Y.L.M.d.O.); (M.N.F.d.F.); (L.S.M.); (C.B.C.); (K.F.F.)
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22
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Potts M, Fletcher-Etherington A, Nightingale K, Mescia F, Bergamaschi L, Calero-Nieto FJ, Antrobus R, Williamson J, Parsons H, Huttlin EL, Kingston N, Göttgens B, Bradley JR, Lehner PJ, Matheson NJ, Smith KGC, Wills MR, Lyons PA, Weekes MP. Proteomic analysis of circulating immune cells identifies cellular phenotypes associated with COVID-19 severity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112613. [PMID: 37302069 PMCID: PMC10243220 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain serum proteins, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer, have prognostic value in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nonetheless, these factors are non-specific, providing limited mechanistic insight into the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations that drive the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. To identify cellular phenotypes associated with disease, we performed a comprehensive, unbiased analysis of total and plasma-membrane PBMC proteomes from 40 unvaccinated individuals with SARS-CoV-2, spanning the whole disease spectrum. Combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and flow cytometry from the same donors, we define a comprehensive multi-omic profile for each severity level, revealing that immune-cell dysregulation progresses with increasing disease. The cell-surface proteins CEACAMs1, 6, and 8, CD177, CD63, and CD89 are strongly associated with severe COVID-19, corresponding to the emergence of atypical CD3+CD4+CEACAM1/6/8+CD177+CD63+CD89+ and CD16+CEACAM1/6/8+ mononuclear cells. Utilization of these markers may facilitate real-time patient assessment by flow cytometry and identify immune populations that could be targeted to ameliorate immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Potts
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alice Fletcher-Etherington
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katie Nightingale
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Federica Mescia
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | | | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Harriet Parsons
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Edward L Huttlin
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OAW, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Mark R Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Michael P Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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23
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Prebensen C, Lefol Y, Myhre PL, Lüders T, Jonassen C, Blomfeldt A, Omland T, Nilsen H, Berdal JE. Longitudinal whole blood transcriptomic analysis characterizes neutrophil activation and interferon signaling in moderate and severe COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10368. [PMID: 37365222 PMCID: PMC10293211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A maladaptive inflammatory response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. This study aimed to characterize the temporal dynamics of this response and investigate whether severe disease is associated with distinct gene expression patterns. We performed microarray analysis of serial whole blood RNA samples from 17 patients with severe COVID-19, 15 patients with moderate disease and 11 healthy controls. All study subjects were unvaccinated. We assessed whole blood gene expression patterns by differential gene expression analysis, gene set enrichment, two clustering methods and estimated relative leukocyte abundance using CIBERSORT. Neutrophils, platelets, cytokine signaling, and the coagulation system were activated in COVID-19, and this broad immune activation was more pronounced in severe vs. moderate disease. We observed two different trajectories of neutrophil-associated genes, indicating the emergence of a more immature neutrophil phenotype over time. Interferon-associated genes were strongly enriched in early COVID-19 before falling markedly, with modest severity-associated differences in trajectory. In conclusion, COVID-19 necessitating hospitalization is associated with a broad inflammatory response, which is more pronounced in severe disease. Our data suggest a progressively more immature circulating neutrophil phenotype over time. Interferon signaling is enriched in COVID-19 but does not seem to drive severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Prebensen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Yohan Lefol
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peder L Myhre
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torben Lüders
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Anita Blomfeldt
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan-Erik Berdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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24
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Li W, Wang Z, Su C, Liao Z, Pei Y, Wang J, Li Z, Fu S, Liu J. The effect of neutrophil extracellular traps in venous thrombosis. Thromb J 2023; 21:67. [PMID: 37328882 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as special release products of neutrophils have received extensive attention. They are composed of decondensed chromatin and coated with nucleoproteins, including histones and some granulosa proteins. NETs can form a network structure to effectively capture and eliminate pathogens and prevent their spread. Not only that, recent studies have shown that NETs also play an important role in venous thrombosis. This review provides the most important updated evidence regarding the mechanism of NETs formation and the role of NETs in the process of venous thrombosis. The potential prophylactic and therapeutic value of NETs in venous thrombotic disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Chen'guang Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Zheng Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Yinxuan Pei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Zixin Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Shijie Fu
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, 067000, China.
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25
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Ganesh K, Joshi MB. Neutrophil sub-types in maintaining immune homeostasis during steady state, infections and sterile inflammation. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1175-1192. [PMID: 37212866 PMCID: PMC10201050 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neutrophils are component of innate immune system and a) eliminate pathogens b) maintain immune homeostasis by regulating other immune cells and c) contribute to the resolution of inflammation. Neutrophil mediated inflammation has been described in pathogenesis of various diseases. This indicates neutrophils do not represent homogeneous population but perform multiple functions through confined subsets. Hence, in the present review we summarize various studies describing the heterogeneous nature of neutrophils and associated functions during steady state and pathological conditions. METHODOLOGY We performed extensive literature review with key words 'Neutrophil subpopulations' 'Neutrophil subsets', Neutrophil and infections', 'Neutrophil and metabolic disorders', 'Neutrophil heterogeneity' in PUBMED. RESULTS Neutrophil subtypes are characterized based on buoyancy, cell surface markers, localization and maturity. Recent advances in high throughput technologies indicate the existence of functionally diverse subsets of neutrophils in bone marrow, blood and tissues in both steady state and pathological conditions. Further, we found proportions of these subsets significantly vary in pathological conditions. Interestingly, stimulus specific activation of signalling pathways in neutrophils have been demonstrated. CONCLUSION Neutrophil sub-populations differ among diseases and hence, mechanisms regulating formation, sustenance, proportions and functions of these sub-types vary between physiological and pathological conditions. Hence, mechanistic insights of neutrophil subsets in disease specific manner may facilitate development of neutrophil-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailash Ganesh
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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26
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Wang H, Liu X, Jia Z, Liu L, Qi Y, Zhou Q, Xu F, Zhang Y. Mapping current status and emerging trends in NETosis: A bibliometric study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33806. [PMID: 37233403 PMCID: PMC10219726 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NETosis is a critical innate immune mechanism of neutrophils that contributes to the accelerated progression of autoimmune diseases, thrombosis, cancer, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the relevant literature by bibliometric methods in order to provide a more comprehensive and objective view of the knowledge dynamics in the field. METHODS The literature on NETosis was downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection, analyzed with VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Microsoft for co-authorship, co-occurrence, and co-citation analysis. RESULTS In the field of NETosis, the United States was the most influential countries. Harvard University was the most active institutions. Mariana J. Kaplan and Brinkmann V were, respectively, the most prolific and most co-cited authors. Frontiers in Immunology, Journal of Immunology, Plos One, Blood, Science, Journal of Cell Biology, and Nature Medicine were the most influential journals. The top 15 keywords are associated with immunological and NETosis formation mechanisms. The keywords with the strongest burst detection were mainly related to COVID-19 (coronavirus, ACE2, SARS coronavirus, cytokine storm, pneumonia, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio), and cancer (circulating tumor cell). CONCLUSION Research on NETosis is currently booming. The mechanism of NETosis and its role in innate immunity, autoimmune diseases, especially systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, and thrombosis are the focus of research in the field of NETosis. A future study will concentrate on the function of NETosis in COVID-19 and recurrent metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Wang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijun Jia
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Qi
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbing Zhou
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Geriatric, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Hirsch J, Uzun G, Zlamal J, Singh A, Bakchoul T. Platelet-neutrophil interaction in COVID-19 and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186000. [PMID: 37275917 PMCID: PMC10237318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to commonly induce a thrombotic diathesis, particularly in severely affected individuals. So far, this COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) has been partially explained by hyperactivated platelets as well as by the prothrombotic effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released from neutrophils. However, precise insight into the bidirectional relationship between platelets and neutrophils in the pathophysiology of CAC still lags behind. Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare autoimmune disorder caused by auto-antibody formation in response to immunization with adenoviral vector vaccines. VITT is associated with life-threatening thromboembolic events and thus, high fatality rates. Our concept of the thrombophilia observed in VITT is relatively new, hence a better understanding could help in the management of such patients with the potential to also prevent VITT. In this review we aim to summarize the current knowledge on platelet-neutrophil interplay in COVID-19 and VITT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Hirsch
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Günalp Uzun
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Zlamal
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anurag Singh
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tamam Bakchoul
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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28
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Carnevale S, Di Ceglie I, Grieco G, Rigatelli A, Bonavita E, Jaillon S. Neutrophil diversity in inflammation and cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180810. [PMID: 37180120 PMCID: PMC10169606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans and the first immune cells recruited at the site of inflammation. Classically perceived as short-lived effector cells with limited plasticity and diversity, neutrophils are now recognized as highly heterogenous immune cells, which can adapt to various environmental cues. In addition to playing a central role in the host defence, neutrophils are involved in pathological contexts such as inflammatory diseases and cancer. The prevalence of neutrophils in these conditions is usually associated with detrimental inflammatory responses and poor clinical outcomes. However, a beneficial role for neutrophils is emerging in several pathological contexts, including in cancer. Here we will review the current knowledge of neutrophil biology and heterogeneity in steady state and during inflammation, with a focus on the opposing roles of neutrophils in different pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Grieco
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Sebastien Jaillon
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
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29
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Polyak MJ, Abrahamyan L, Bego MG. Editorial: Immune determinants of COVID-19 protection and disease: A focus on asymptomatic COVID and long COVID. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185693. [PMID: 37056777 PMCID: PMC10086613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Polyak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Mariana G. Bego
- BioMedicine Design, Pfizer (United States), New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Mariana G. Bego,
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30
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Silva LM, Kim TS, Moutsopoulos NM. Neutrophils are gatekeepers of mucosal immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:125-141. [PMID: 36404627 PMCID: PMC10496120 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are constantly exposed to the outside environment. They receive signals from the commensal microbiome and tissue-specific triggers including alimentary and airborne elements and are tasked to maintain balance in the absence of inflammation and infection. Here, we present neutrophils as sentinel cells in mucosal immunity. We discuss the roles of neutrophils in mucosal homeostasis and overview clinical susceptibilities in patients with neutrophil defects. Finally, we present concepts related to specification of neutrophil responses within specific mucosal tissue microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakmali M. Silva
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Niki M. Moutsopoulos
- Oral Immunity and Infection Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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31
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Gul MH, Htun ZM, de Jesus Perez V, Suleman M, Arshad S, Imran M, Vyasabattu M, Wood JP, Anstead M, Morris PE. Predictors and outcomes of acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19; insights from US National COVID cohort collaborative. Respir Res 2023; 24:59. [PMID: 36810085 PMCID: PMC9942071 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether COVID-19 patients with pulmonary embolism had higher mortality and assess the utility of D-dimer in predicting acute pulmonary embolism. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the National Collaborative COVID-19 retrospective cohort, a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients was studied to compare 90-day mortality and intubation outcomes in patients with and without pulmonary embolism in a multivariable cox regression analysis. The secondary measured outcomes in 1:4 propensity score-matched analysis included length of stay, chest pain incidence, heart rate, history of pulmonary embolism or DVT, and admission laboratory parameters. RESULTS Among 31,500 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 1117 (3.5%) patients were diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism. Patients with acute pulmonary embolism were noted to have higher mortality (23.6% vs.12.8%; adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) = 1.36, 95% CI [1.20-1.55]), and intubation rates (17.6% vs. 9.3%, aHR = 1.38[1.18-1.61]). Pulmonary embolism patients had higher admission D-dimer FEU (Odds Ratio(OR) = 1.13; 95%CI [1.1-1.15]). As the D-dimer value increased, the specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of the test increased; however, sensitivity decreased (AUC 0.70). At cut-off D-dimer FEU 1.8 mcg/ml, the test had clinical utility (accuracy 70%) in predicting pulmonary embolism. Patients with acute pulmonary embolism had a higher incidence of chest pain and history of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Acute pulmonary embolism is associated with worse mortality and morbidity outcomes in COVID-19. We present D-dimer as a predictive risk tool in the form of a clinical calculator for the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Gul
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Kentucky, MN 602, H Building, 1000 S Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Zin Mar Htun
- Pulmonary Critical Care Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore & National Institute of Health Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Suleman
- Cardiology Department, Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Samiullah Arshad
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Kentucky, MN 602, H Building, 1000 S Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Armed Institute of Cardiology Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mahender Vyasabattu
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Kentucky, MN 602, H Building, 1000 S Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jeremy P Wood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael Anstead
- Pulmonary Critical Care Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peter E Morris
- Pulmonary Critical Care Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Jeyananthan P. Role of different types of RNA molecules in the severity prediction of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154311. [PMID: 36657221 PMCID: PMC9840815 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is the current threat of the world with enormous number of deceases. As most of the countries have constraints on resources, particularly for intensive care and oxygen, severity prediction with high accuracy is crucial. This prediction will help the medical society in the selection of patients with the need for these constrained resources. Literature shows that using clinical data in this study is the common trend and molecular data is rarely utilized in this prediction. As molecular data carry more disease related information, in this study, three different types of RNA molecules ( lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA) of SARS-COV-2 patients are used to predict the severity stage and treatment stage of those patients. Using seven different machine learning algorithms along with several feature selection techniques shows that in both phenotypes, feature importance selected features provides the best accuracy along with random forest classifier. Further to this, it shows that in the severity stage prediction miRNA and lncRNA give the best performance, and lncRNA data gives the best in treatment stage prediction. As most of the studies related to molecular data uses mRNA data, this is an interesting finding.
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Rice CM, Lewis P, Ponce-Garcia FM, Gibbs W, Groves S, Cela D, Hamilton F, Arnold D, Hyams C, Oliver E, Barr R, Goenka A, Davidson A, Wooldridge L, Finn A, Rivino L, Amulic B. Hyperactive immature state and differential CXCR2 expression of neutrophils in severe COVID-19. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:6/2/e202201658. [PMID: 36622345 PMCID: PMC9748722 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are vital in defence against pathogens, but excessive neutrophil activity can lead to tissue damage and promote acute respiratory distress syndrome. COVID-19 is associated with systemic expansion of immature neutrophils, but the functional consequences of this shift to immaturity are not understood. We used flow cytometry to investigate activity and phenotypic diversity of circulating neutrophils in acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients. First, we demonstrate hyperactivation of immature CD10- subpopulations in severe disease, with elevated markers of secondary granule release. Partially activated immature neutrophils were detectable 12 wk post-hospitalisation, indicating long term myeloid dysregulation in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Second, we demonstrate that neutrophils from moderately ill patients down-regulate the chemokine receptor CXCR2, whereas neutrophils from severely ill individuals fail to do so, suggesting an altered ability for organ trafficking and a potential mechanism for induction of disease tolerance. CD10- and CXCR2hi neutrophil subpopulations were enriched in severe disease and may represent prognostic biomarkers for the identification of individuals at high risk of progressing to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Rice
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip Lewis
- University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fernando M Ponce-Garcia
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Willem Gibbs
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Groves
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Drinalda Cela
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fergus Hamilton
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David Arnold
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Catherine Hyams
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Academic Respiratory Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Oliver
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachael Barr
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anu Goenka
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Linda Wooldridge
- Bristol Veterinary School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Finn
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Colicchia M, Perrella G, Gant P, Rayes J. Novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection: spotlight on neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated platelet activation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100116. [PMID: 37063765 PMCID: PMC10099327 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A state-of-the-art lecture titled "novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2022. Platelet, neutrophil, and endothelial cell activation coordinate the development, progression, and resolution of thrombo-inflammatory events during infection. Activated platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are frequently observed in patients with sepsis and COVID-19, and high levels of NET-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) correlate with thrombotic complications. NET-associated DAMPs induce direct and indirect platelet activation, which in return potentiates neutrophil activation and NET formation. These coordinated interactions involve multiple receptors and signaling pathways contributing to vascular and organ damage exacerbating disease severity. This state-of-the-art review describes the main mechanisms by which platelets support NETosis and the key mechanisms by which NET-derived DAMPs trigger platelet activation and the formation of procoagulant platelets leading to thrombosis. We report how these DAMPs act through multiple receptors and signaling pathways differentially regulating cell activation and disease outcome, focusing on histones and S100A8/A9 and their contribution to the pathogenesis of sepsis and COVID-19. We further discuss the complexity of platelet activation during NETosis and the potential benefit of targeting selective or multiple NET-associated DAMPs to limit thrombo-inflammation during infection. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2022 ISTH Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Colicchia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Poppy Gant
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, U.K
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Coagulation Disorders in Sepsis and COVID-19-Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Review of Inflammation-Coagulation Crosstalk in Bacterial Sepsis and COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020601. [PMID: 36675530 PMCID: PMC9866352 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sepsis-associated coagulation disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure and lead to a subsequently worsening prognosis. Alongside the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great number of research papers have focused on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and treatment. Significant progress has been made in this regard and coagulation disturbances were once again found to underlie some of the most serious adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as acute lung injury and multiorgan dysfunction. In the attempt of untangling the mechanisms behind COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), a series of similarities with sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) became apparent. Whether they are, in fact, the same disease has not been established yet. The clinical picture of CAC shows the unique feature of an initial phase of intravascular coagulation confined to the respiratory system. Only later on, patients can develop a clinically significant form of systemic coagulopathy, possibly with a consumptive pattern, but, unlike SIC, it is not a key feature. Deepening our understanding of CAC pathogenesis has to remain a major goal for the research community, in order to design and validate accurate definitions and classification criteria.
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36
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Wigerblad G, Warner SA, Ramos-Benitez MJ, Kardava L, Tian X, Miao R, Reger R, Chakraborty M, Wong S, Kanthi Y, Suffredini AF, Dell’Orso S, Brooks S, King C, Shlobin O, Nathan SD, Cohen J, Moir S, Childs RW, Kaplan MJ, Chertow DS, Strich JR. Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition restores myeloid homeostasis in COVID-19. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8272. [PMID: 36598976 PMCID: PMC9812373 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a previously unidentified therapeutic target that inhibits neutrophil and macrophage activation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fostamatinib, a SYK inhibitor, was studied in a phase 2 placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial and was associated with improvements in many secondary end points related to efficacy. Here, we used a multiomic approach to evaluate cellular and soluble immune mediator responses of patients enrolled in this trial. We demonstrated that SYK inhibition was associated with reduced neutrophil activation, increased circulation of mature neutrophils (CD10+CD33-), and decreased circulation of low-density granulocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (HLA-DR-CD33+CD11b-). SYK inhibition was also associated with normalization of transcriptional activity in circulating monocytes relative to healthy controls, an increase in frequency of circulating nonclassical and HLA-DRhi classical monocyte populations, and restoration of interferon responses. Together, these data suggest that SYK inhibition may mitigate proinflammatory myeloid cellular and soluble mediator responses thought to contribute to immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Wigerblad
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth A. Warner
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcos J. Ramos-Benitez
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Ponce Health Science University and Ponce Research Institute, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Ponce, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Lela Kardava
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Tian
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rui Miao
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert Reger
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mala Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan Wong
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony F. Suffredini
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Dell’Orso
- Genomic Technology Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher King
- Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Oksana Shlobin
- Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Steven D. Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Lung Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Adventist Healthcare Shady Grove Medical Center, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Susan Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard W. Childs
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Strich
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
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Mass Cytometry Reveals the Imbalanced Immune State in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Essential Hypertension. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:9915178. [PMID: 36891527 PMCID: PMC9988372 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9915178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has confirmed that essential hypertension (EH) is closely related to low-grade inflammation, but there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the state of immune cells in the circulating blood of patients with EH. We analyzed whether hypertensive peripheral blood immune cell balance was destroyed. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all subjects were analyzed using time-of-flight cytometry (CyTOF) based on 42 kinds of metal-binding antibodies. CD45+ cells were categorized into 32 kinds of subsets. Compared with the health control (HC) group, the percentage of total dendritic cells, two kinds of myeloid dendritic cell subsets, one intermediate/nonclassical monocyte subset and one CD4+ central memory T cell subset in the EH group, was significantly higher; the percentage of low-density neutrophils, four kinds of classical monocyte subsets, one CD14lowCD16- monocyte subset, one naive CD4+ and one naive CD8+ T cell subsets, one CD4+ effector and one CD4+ central memory T cell subsets, one CD8+ effector memory T cell subset, and one terminally differentiated γδ T cell subset, decreased significantly in EH. What is more, the expression of many important antigens was enhanced in CD45+ immune cells, granulocytes, and B cells in patients with EH. In conclusion, the altered number and antigen expression of immune cells reflect the imbalanced immune state of the peripheral blood in patients with EH.
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Cesta MC, Zippoli M, Marsiglia C, Gavioli EM, Cremonesi G, Khan A, Mantelli F, Allegretti M, Balk R. Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID-19 ARDS and immunothrombosis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250010. [PMID: 36239164 PMCID: PMC9874644 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory condition with a dramatic increase in incidence since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Neutrophils play a vital role in the immunopathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by triggering the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), producing cytokines including interleukin-8 (CXCL8), and mediating the recruitment of other immune cells to regulate processes such as acute and chronic inflammation, which can lead to ARDS. CXCL8 is involved in the recruitment, activation, and degranulation of neutrophils, and therefore contributes to inflammation amplification and severity of disease. Furthermore, activation of neutrophils also supports a prothrombotic phenotype, which may explain the development of immunothrombosis observed in COVID-19 ARDS. This review aims to describe hyperinflammatory ARDS due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we address the critical role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, inflammatory cytokines, and the potential targeting of CXCL8 in treating the hyperinflammatory ARDS population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Akram Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, and Critical Care MedicineOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | | | | | - Robert Balk
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of MedicineRush Medical College and Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Dean LS, Devendra G, Jiyarom B, Subia N, Tallquist MD, Nerurkar VR, Chang SP, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Park J. Phenotypic alteration of low-density granulocytes in people with pulmonary post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076724. [PMID: 36591237 PMCID: PMC9797994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density granulocytes (LDGs) are a distinct subset of neutrophils whose increased abundance is associated with the severity of COVID-19. However, the long-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on LDG levels and phenotypic alteration remain unexplored. Methods Using participants naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (NP), infected with SARS-CoV-2 with no residual symptoms (NRS), and infected with SARS-CoV-2 with chronic pulmonary symptoms (PPASC), we compared LDG levels and their phenotype by measuring the expression of markers for activation, maturation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation using flow cytometry. Results The number of LDGs was elevated in PPASC compared to NP. Individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 (NRS and PPASC) demonstrated increased CD10+ and CD16hi subset counts of LDGs compared to NP group. Further characterization of LDGs demonstrated that LDGs from COVID-19 convalescents (PPASC and NRS) displayed increased markers of NET forming ability and aggregation with platelets compared to LDGs from NP, but no differences were observed between PPASC and NRS. Conclusions Our data from a small cohort study demonstrates that mature neutrophils with a heightened activation phenotype remain in circulation long after initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. Persistent elevation of markers for neutrophil activation and NET formation on LDGs, as well as an enhanced proclivity for platelet-neutrophil aggregation (PNA) formation in COVID-19 convalescent individuals may be associated with PPASC prognosis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan S. Dean
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gehan Devendra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Natalie Subia
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Michelle D. Tallquist
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vivek R. Nerurkar
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Sandra P. Chang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Dominic C. Chow
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Juwon Park
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Locally organised and activated Fth1 hi neutrophils aggravate inflammation of acute lung injury in an IL-10-dependent manner. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7703. [PMID: 36513690 PMCID: PMC9745290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common respiratory critical syndrome with no effective therapeutic intervention. Neutrophils function in the overwhelming inflammatory process of acute lung injury (ALI) caused by ARDS; however, the phenotypic heterogeneity of pulmonary neutrophils in ALI/ARDS remains largely unknown. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify two transcriptionally and functionally heterogeneous neutrophil populations (Fth1hi Neu and Prok2hi Neu) with distinct locations in LPS-induced ALI mouse lungs. Exposure to LPS promotes the Fth1hi Neu subtype, with more inflammatory factors, stronger antioxidant, and decreased apoptosis under the regulation of interleukin-10. Furthermore, prolonged retention of Fth1hi Neu within lung tissue aggravates inflammatory injury throughout the development of ALI/ARDS. Notably, ARDS patients have high ratios of Fth1 to Prok2 expression in pulmonary neutrophils, suggesting that the Fth1hi Neu population may promote the pathological development and provide a marker of poor outcome.
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A Pleomorphic Puzzle: Heterogeneous Pulmonary Vascular Occlusions in Patients with COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315126. [PMID: 36499449 PMCID: PMC9739020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular occlusions in patients with coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) have been frequently reported in severe outcomes mainly due to a dysregulation of neutrophils mediating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Lung specimens from patients with COVID-19 have previously shown a dynamic morphology, categorized into three types of pleomorphic occurrence based on histological findings in this study. These vascular occlusions in lung specimens were also detected using native endogenous fluorescence or NEF in a label-free method. The three types of vascular occlusions exhibit morphology of DNA rich neutrophil elastase (NE) poor (type I), NE rich DNA poor (type II), and DNA and NE rich (type III) cohort of eleven patients with six males and five females. Age and gender have been presented in this study as influencing variables linking the occurrence of several occlusions with pleomorphic contents within a patient specimen and amongst them. This study reports the categorization of pleomorphic occlusions in patients with COVID-19 and the detection of these occlusions in a label-free method utilizing NEF.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in more than 6 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease characterized by pulmonary dysfunction leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDs), as well as disseminated coagulation, and multi-organ dysfunction. Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we highlight key gaps in knowledge, discuss the heterogeneity of neutrophils during the evolution of the disease, how they can contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis, and potential therapeutic strategies that target neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V. S. Castanheira
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and InfectiousUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Snyder Institute for Chronic DiseasesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and InfectiousUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Snyder Institute for Chronic DiseasesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
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43
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Xu J, He B, Carver K, Vanheyningen D, Parkin B, Garmire LX, Olszewski MA, Deng JC. Heterogeneity of neutrophils and inflammatory responses in patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970287. [PMID: 36466858 PMCID: PMC9709423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, have resulted in high mortality rates despite corticosteroids and other immunomodulatory therapies. Despite recognition of the pathogenic role of neutrophils, in-depth analyses of this cell population have been limited, due to technical challenges of working with neutrophils. We undertook an unbiased, detailed analysis of neutrophil responses in adult patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, to determine whether distinct neutrophil phenotypes could be identified during infections compared to the healthy state. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of peripheral blood neutrophils from hospitalized patients with mild or severe COVID-19 disease and healthy controls revealed distinct mature neutrophil subpopulations, with relative proportions linked to disease severity. Disruption of predicted cell-cell interactions, activated oxidative phosphorylation genes, and downregulated antiviral and host defense pathway genes were observed in neutrophils obtained during severe compared to mild infections. Our findings suggest that during severe infections, there is a loss of normal regulatory neutrophil phenotypes seen in healthy subjects, coupled with the dropout of appropriate cellular interactions. Given that neutrophils are the most abundant circulating leukocytes with highly pathogenic potential, current immunotherapies for severe infections may be optimized by determining whether they aid in restoring an appropriate balance of neutrophil subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Xu
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bing He
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kyle Carver
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Debora Vanheyningen
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brian Parkin
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lana X. Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Lana X. Garmire, ; Michal A. Olszewski, ; Jane C. Deng,
| | - Michal A. Olszewski
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Lana X. Garmire, ; Michal A. Olszewski, ; Jane C. Deng,
| | - Jane C. Deng
- Research Service, LTC Charles S. Kettles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States,*Correspondence: Lana X. Garmire, ; Michal A. Olszewski, ; Jane C. Deng,
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Loss of GM-CSF-dependent instruction of alveolar macrophages in COVID-19 provides a rationale for inhaled GM-CSF treatment. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100833. [PMID: 36459994 PMCID: PMC9663750 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
GM-CSF promotes myelopoiesis and inflammation, and GM-CSF blockade is being evaluated as a treatment for COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation. Alveolar GM-CSF is, however, required for monocytes to differentiate into alveolar macrophages (AMs) that control alveolar homeostasis. By mapping cross-species AM development to clinical lung samples, we discovered that COVID-19 is marked by defective GM-CSF-dependent AM instruction and accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages. In a multi-center, open-label RCT in 81 non-ventilated COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure, we found that inhalation of rhu-GM-CSF did not improve mean oxygenation parameters compared with standard treatment. However, more patients on GM-CSF had a clinical response, and GM-CSF inhalation induced higher numbers of virus-specific CD8 effector lymphocytes and class-switched B cells, without exacerbating systemic hyperinflammation. This translational proof-of-concept study provides a rationale for further testing of inhaled GM-CSF as a non-invasive treatment to improve alveolar gas exchange and simultaneously boost antiviral immunity in COVID-19. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04326920) and EudraCT (2020-001254-22).
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Borczuk AC, Yantiss RK. The pathogenesis of coronavirus-19 disease. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:87. [PMID: 36289507 PMCID: PMC9597981 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causal agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a systemic illness characterized by variably severe pulmonary symptoms, cardiac conduction abnormalities, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as neurologic deficits, renal insufficiency, myalgias, endocrine abnormalities, and other perturbations that reflect widespread microvascular injury and a pro-inflammatory state. The mechanisms underlying the various manifestations of viral infection are incompletely understood but most data suggest that severe COVID-19 results from virus-driven perturbations in the immune system and resultant tissue injury. Aberrant interferon-related responses lead to alterations in cytokine elaboration that deplete resident immune cells while simultaneously recruiting hyperactive macrophages and functionally altered neutrophils, thereby tipping the balance from adaptive immunity to innate immunity. Disproportionate activation of these macrophages and neutrophils further depletes normal activity of B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, this pro-inflammatory state stimulates uncontrolled complement activation and development of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETS), both of which promote the coagulation cascade and induce a state of “thrombo-inflammation”. These perturbations have similar manifestations in multiple organ systems, which frequently show pathologic findings related to microvascular injury and thrombosis of large and small vessels. However, the pulmonary findings in patients with severe COVID-19 are generally more pronounced than those of other organs. Not only do they feature inflammatory thromboses and endothelial injury, but much of the parenchymal damage stems from failed maturation of alveolar pneumocytes, interactions between type 2 pneumocytes and non-resident macrophages, and a greater degree of NET formation. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathogenesis underlying organ damage that can occur in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding these mechanisms of injury is important to development of future therapies for patients with COVID-19, many of which will likely target specific components of the immune system, particularly NET induction, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and subpopulations of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain C. Borczuk
- grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Department of Pathology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Greenvale, NY USA
| | - Rhonda K. Yantiss
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065 USA
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Musiał K. Update on Innate Immunity in Acute Kidney Injury—Lessons Taken from COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012514. [PMID: 36293370 PMCID: PMC9604105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The serious clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection is usually accompanied by acute kidney injury (AKI), worsening prognosis and increasing mortality. AKI in COVID-19 is above all a consequence of systemic dysregulations leading to inflammation, thrombosis, vascular endothelial damage and necrosis. All these processes rely on the interactions between innate immunity elements, including circulating blood cells, resident renal cells, their cytokine products, complement systems, coagulation cascades and contact systems. Numerous simultaneous pathways of innate immunity should secure an effective host defense. Since they all form a network of cross-linked auto-amplification loops, uncontrolled activation is possible. When the actions of selected pathways amplify, cascade activation evades control and the propagation of inflammation and necrosis worsens, accompanied by complement overactivity and immunothrombosis. The systemic activation of innate immunity reaches the kidney, where the damage affecting single tubular cells spreads through tissue collateral damage and triggers AKI. This review is an attempt to synthetize the connections between innate immunity components engaged in COVID-19-related AKI and to summarize the knowledge on the pathophysiological background of processes responsible for renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Musiał
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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Quartuccio L, Sonaglia A, Casarotto L, McGonagle D, Di Loreto C, Pegolo E. Clinical, laboratory and immunohistochemical characterization of in situ pulmonary arterial thrombosis in fatal COVID-19. Thromb Res 2022; 219:95-101. [PMID: 36152461 PMCID: PMC9481474 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 patients carry an increased rate of thrombosis. It is controversial to which extent thrombi in the pulmonary arterial tree really contribute to disease severity with hypoxemia secondary to microvascular/lung parenchymal damage with viral alveolitis considered to play the main role in critical disease. Objectives The primary objective was to compare post-mortem lung disease from fatal COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with macroscopically evident pulmonary arterial tree thrombosis and patients without, by characterizing the immunohistochemical nature of thrombi, and by comparing clinical and laboratory features of these patients with other COVID-19 patients who died but without evidence of pulmonary arterial thrombosis (controls). Patients and methods 13 COVID-19 pneumonia cases (mean age ± standard deviation: 74 ± 6.5 years) with macroscopically visible pulmonary arterial thrombosis were compared to 14 controls. Hematoxylin and Eosin stained slides were reviewed choosing those with visible pulmonary thrombi which were further characterized by immunohistochemistry, in particular for the inflammatory infiltrates. Ante mortem serum markers relevant to pulmonary embolism were evaluated in both groups. Results Twenty arterial thrombi (5 cases with multiple thrombi) were selected for study and were composed by white blood cells (WBC) [median, IQR range: 10 % (5–12.25)], mainly neutrophils [58 % (35.2–64.5)]. Cases with thrombosis showed significantly higher levels of platelet count [median, IQR range: 195000/mmc (157750–274,500) vs 143,500 (113000–175,250), p = 0.011], LDH [854 U/L (731–1315) vs 539 (391.5–660), p = 0.003] at admission, and D-dimer at ICU transfer [25,072 FEU (6951–50,531) vs 1024 (620–5501), p = 0.003]. Conclusions Immunothrombotically driven arterial thrombi in COVID-19 patients are associated with D-Dimer and LDH elevations, thus linking inflammation, coagulopathy and organ damage in fatal COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quartuccio
- Division of Rheumatology, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy; University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Arianna Sonaglia
- Division of Rheumatology, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy; University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Letizia Casarotto
- University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy; Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- University of Udine, Department of Medicine (DAME), Via Colugna 50, 33100 Udine, Italy; Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Pegolo
- Institute of Anatomic Pathology, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", ASUFC, Piazzale Santa Maria della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Daamen AR, Bachali P, Bonham CA, Somerville L, Sturek JM, Grammer AC, Kadl A, Lipsky PE. COVID-19 patients exhibit unique transcriptional signatures indicative of disease severity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:989556. [PMID: 36189236 PMCID: PMC9522616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 manifests a spectrum of respiratory symptoms, with the more severe often requiring hospitalization. To identify markers for disease progression, we analyzed longitudinal gene expression data from patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for acute hypoxic respiratory failure (AHRF) as well as other ICU patients with or without AHRF and correlated results of gene set enrichment analysis with clinical features. The results were then compared with a second dataset of COVID-19 patients separated by disease stage and severity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that enrichment of plasma cells (PCs) was characteristic of all COVID-19 patients whereas enrichment of interferon (IFN) and neutrophil gene signatures was specific to patients requiring hospitalization. Furthermore, gene expression results were used to divide AHRF COVID-19 patients into 2 groups with differences in immune profiles and clinical features indicative of severe disease. Thus, transcriptomic analysis reveals gene signatures unique to COVID-19 patients and provides opportunities for identification of the most at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine A. Bonham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Lindsay Somerville
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Sturek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | | | - Alexandra Kadl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Resveratrol Downmodulates Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Generation by Neutrophils in Patients with Severe COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091690. [PMID: 36139764 PMCID: PMC9495554 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of microthrombi in lung autopsies indicates the involvement of NETs in the immunopathogenesis of severe COVID-19. Therefore, supplements inhibiting NET formation, in association with drugs with fewer adverse effects, should be a relevant strategy to attenuate the disease. Resveratrol (RESV) is a natural polyphenol with an important antiviral and antioxidant role. To modulate neutrophils from patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated the in vitro effect of RESV on NET formation. Herein, we investigated 190 patients hospitalized with moderate, severe, and critical symptoms at Hospital das Clínicas, Brazil. We observed that neutrophilia in patients with severe COVID-19 infection is composed of neutrophils with activated profile able to release NET spontaneously. Notably, RESV decreased the neutrophil-activated status and the release of free DNA, inhibiting NET formation even under the specific PMA stimulus. At present, there is no evidence of the role of RESV in neutrophils from patients with COVID-19 infection. These findings suggest that adjunctive therapies with RESV may help decrease the inflammation of viral or bacterial infection, improving patient outcomes.
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50
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Romana M, Leduc M, Hermand P, Bruce J, Gautier EF, Martino F, Garnier Y, Baccini V, Le Van Kim C. Proteomic analysis of neutrophils from patients with COVID-19. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:61-64. [PMID: 35818311 PMCID: PMC9349388 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Romana
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Leduc
- 3P5 Proteom'IC facility, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Hermand
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Bruce
- 3P5 Proteom'IC facility, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Emilie-Fleur Gautier
- 3P5 Proteom'IC facility, Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Martino
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, Paris, France.,CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Yohann Garnier
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baccini
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, Paris, France.,CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Université Paris Cité and Université des Antilles, Inserm, BIGR, Paris, France
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