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Boyle MJ, Engwerda CR, Jagannathan P. The impact of Plasmodium-driven immunoregulatory networks on immunity to malaria. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:637-653. [PMID: 38862638 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by infection with Plasmodium parasites, drives multiple regulatory responses across the immune landscape. These regulatory responses help to protect against inflammatory disease but may in some situations hamper the acquisition of adaptive immune responses that clear parasites. In addition, the regulatory responses that occur during Plasmodium infection may negatively affect malaria vaccine efficacy in the most at-risk populations. Here, we discuss the specific cellular mechanisms of immunoregulatory networks that develop during malaria, with a focus on knowledge gained from human studies and studies that involve the main malaria parasite to affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum. Leveraging this knowledge may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to increase protective immunity to malaria during infection or after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Boyle
- Life Sciences Division, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Nideffer J, Ty M, Donato M, John R, Kajubi R, Ji X, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Press KD, Yang N, Camanag K, Greenhouse B, Kamya M, Feeney ME, Dorsey G, Utz PJ, Pulendran B, Khatri P, Jagannathan P. Clinical immunity to malaria involves epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae325. [PMID: 39161730 PMCID: PMC11331423 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of inflammation is a critical aspect of disease tolerance and naturally acquired clinical immunity to malaria. Here, we demonstrate using RNA sequencing and epigenetic landscape profiling by cytometry by time-of-flight, that the regulation of inflammatory pathways during asymptomatic parasitemia occurs downstream of pathogen sensing-at the epigenetic level. The abundance of certain epigenetic markers (methylation of H3K27 and dimethylation of arginine residues) and decreased prevalence of histone variant H3.3 correlated with suppressed cytokine responses among monocytes of Ugandan children. Such an epigenetic signature was observed across diverse immune cell populations and not only characterized active asymptomatic parasitemia but also correlated with future long-term disease tolerance and clinical immunity when observed in uninfected children. Pseudotime analyses revealed a potential trajectory of epigenetic change that correlated with a child's age and recent parasite exposure and paralleled the acquisition of clinical immunity. Thus, our data support a model whereby exposure to Plasmodium falciparum induces epigenetic changes that regulate excessive inflammation and contribute to naturally acquire clinical immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Nideffer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maureen Ty
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michele Donato
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rek John
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Kajubi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Institute for Immunity, Infection, and Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nora Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kylie Camanag
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94142, USA
| | - Moses Kamya
- School of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Margaret E Feeney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94142, USA
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94142, USA
| | - Paul J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Dobbs KR, Jagannathan P, Dechavanne C. Editorial: Immune tolerance and human malaria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1450480. [PMID: 39026667 PMCID: PMC11254803 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1450480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rose Dobbs
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Celia Dechavanne
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical (MERIT), Paris, France
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Jackeline Pérez-Vega M, Manuel Corral-Ruiz G, Galán-Salinas A, Silva-García R, Mancilla-Herrera I, Barrios-Payán J, Fabila-Castillo L, Hernández-Pando R, Enid Sánchez-Torres L. Acute lung injury is prevented by monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor in an experimental severe malaria mouse model. Immunobiology 2024; 229:152823. [PMID: 38861873 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2024.152823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury caused by severe malaria (SM) is triggered by a dysregulated immune response towards the infection with Plasmodium parasites. Postmortem analysis of human lungs shows diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), the presence of CD8 lymphocytes, neutrophils, and increased expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1). P. berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in C57BL/6 mice reproduces many SM features, including acute lung injury characterized by DAD, CD8+ T lymphocytes and neutrophils in the lung parenchyma, and tissular expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, such as IFNγ, TNFα, ICAM, and VCAM. Since this is related to a dysregulated immune response, immunomodulatory agents are proposed to reduce the complications of SM. The monocyte locomotion inhibitory factor (MLIF) is an immunomodulatory pentapeptide isolated from axenic cultures of Entamoeba hystolitica. Thus, we evaluated if the MLIF intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment prevented SM-induced acute lung injury. The peptide prevented SM without a parasiticidal effect, indicating that its protective effect was related to modifications in the immune response. Furthermore, peripheral CD8+ leukocytes and neutrophil proportions were higher in infected treated mice. However, the treatment prevented DAD, CD8+ cell infiltration into the pulmonary tissue and downregulated IFNγ. Moreover, VCAM-1 expression was abrogated. These results indicate that the MLIF treatment downregulated adhesion molecule expression, impeding cell migration and proinflammatory cytokine tissular production, preventing acute lung injury induced by SM. Our findings represent a potential novel strategy to avoid this complication in various events where a dysregulated immune response triggers lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Jackeline Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Manuel Corral-Ruiz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adrian Galán-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Silva-García
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, CMN-Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ismael Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Luvia Enid Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Vianou B, Royo J, Dechavanne S, Bertin GI, Yessoufou A, Houze S, Faucher JF, Aubouy A. Monocytes, particularly nonclassical ones, lose their opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity during pediatric cerebral malaria. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358853. [PMID: 38835780 PMCID: PMC11148436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate immunity is crucial to reducing parasite burden and contributing to survival in severe malaria. Monocytes are key actors in the innate response and, like macrophages, are plastic cells whose function and phenotype are regulated by the signals from the microenvironment. In the context of cerebral malaria (CM), monocyte response constitutes an important issue to understand. We previously demonstrated that decreased percentages of nonclassical monocytes were associated with death outcomes in CM children. In the current study, we postulated that monocyte phagocytosis function is impacted by the severity of malaria infection. Methods To study this hypothesis, we compared the opsonic and nonopsonic phagocytosis capacity of circulant monocytes from Beninese children with uncomplicated malaria (UM) and CM. For the CM group, samples were obtained at inclusion (D0) and 3 and 30 days after treatment (D3, D30). The phagocytosis capacity of monocytes and their subsets was characterized by flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling by studying genes known for their functional implication in infected-red blood cell (iRBC) elimination or immune escape. Results Our results confirm our hypothesis and highlight the higher capacity of nonclassical monocytes to phagocyte iRBC. We also confirm that a low number of nonclassical monocytes is associated with CM outcome when compared to UM, suggesting a mobilization of this subpopulation to the cerebral inflammatory site. Finally, our results suggest the implication of the inhibitory receptors LILRB1, LILRB2, and Tim3 in phagocytosis control. Discussion Taken together, these data provide a better understanding of the interplay between monocytes and malaria infection in the pathogenicity of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertin Vianou
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Jade Royo
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Dechavanne
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Gwladys I Bertin
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Cell Biology and Physiology Laboratory, Abomey Calavi University (UAC), Abomey Calavi, Benin
| | - Sandrine Houze
- UMR261 Mère et Enfant en Milieu tropical (MERIT), Université Paris Cité, IRD, Paris, France
- French Malaria Reference Center, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
- Parasitology Laboratory, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Faucher
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1094 EpiMaCT, Inserm, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Agnes Aubouy
- UMR152 PHARMADEV, IRD, UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Clinical Research Institute of Benin (IRCB), Abomey Calavi, Benin
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Sundling C, Yman V, Mousavian Z, Angenendt S, Foroogh F, von Horn E, Lautenbach MJ, Grunewald J, Färnert A, Sondén K. Disease-specific plasma protein profiles in patients with fever after traveling to tropical areas. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350784. [PMID: 38308504 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Fever is common among individuals seeking healthcare after traveling to tropical regions. Despite the association with potentially severe disease, the etiology is often not determined. Plasma protein patterns can be informative to understand the host response to infection and can potentially indicate the pathogen causing the disease. In this study, we measured 49 proteins in the plasma of 124 patients with fever after travel to tropical or subtropical regions. The patients had confirmed diagnoses of either malaria, dengue fever, influenza, bacterial respiratory tract infection, or bacterial gastroenteritis, representing the most common etiologies. We used multivariate and machine learning methods to identify combinations of proteins that contributed to distinguishing infected patients from healthy controls, and each other. Malaria displayed the most unique protein signature, indicating a strong immunoregulatory response with high levels of IL10, sTNFRI and II, and sCD25 but low levels of sCD40L. In contrast, bacterial gastroenteritis had high levels of sCD40L, APRIL, and IFN-γ, while dengue was the only infection with elevated IFN-α2. These results suggest that characterization of the inflammatory profile of individuals with fever can help to identify disease-specific host responses, which in turn can be used to guide future research on diagnostic strategies and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victor Yman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Stockholm South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zaynab Mousavian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sina Angenendt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariba Foroogh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen von Horn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maximilian Julius Lautenbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klara Sondén
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Cheng GWY, Ma IWT, Huang J, Yeung SHS, Ho P, Chen Z, Mak HKF, Herrup K, Chan KWY, Tse KH. Cuprizone drives divergent neuropathological changes in different mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.547147. [PMID: 37546935 PMCID: PMC10402084 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.547147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Myelin degradation is a normal feature of brain aging that accelerates in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To date, however, the underlying biological basis of this correlation remains elusive. The amyloid cascade hypothesis predicts that demyelination is caused by increased levels of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Here we report on work supporting the alternative hypothesis that early demyelination is upstream of amyloid. We challenged two different mouse models of AD (R1.40 and APP/PS1) using cuprizone-induced demyelination and tracked the responses with both neuroimaging and neuropathology. In oppose to amyloid cascade hypothesis, R1.40 mice, carrying only a single human mutant APP (Swedish; APP SWE ) transgene, showed a more abnormal changes of magnetization transfer ratio and diffusivity than in APP/PS1 mice, which carry both APP SWE and a second PSEN1 transgene (delta exon 9; PSEN1 dE9 ). Although cuprizone targets oligodendrocytes (OL), magnetic resonance spectroscopy and targeted RNA-seq data in R1.40 mice suggested a possible metabolic alternation in axons. In support of alternative hypotheses, cuprizone induced significant intraneuronal amyloid deposition in young APP/PS1, but not in R1.40 mice, and it suggested the presence of PSEN deficiencies, may accelerate Aβ deposition upon demyelination. In APP/PS1, mature OL is highly vulnerable to cuprizone with significant DNA double strand breaks (53BP1 + ) formation. Despite these major changes in myelin, OLs, and Aβ immunoreactivity, no cognitive impairment or hippocampal pathology was detected in APP/PS1 mice after cuprizone treatment. Together, our data supports the hypothesis that myelin loss can be the cause, but not the consequence, of AD pathology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The causal relationship between early myelin loss and the progression of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear. Using two different AD mouse models, R1.40 and APP/PS1, our study supports the hypothesis that myelin abnormalities are upstream of amyloid production and deposition. We find that acute demyelination initiates intraneuronal amyloid deposition in the frontal cortex. Further, the loss of oligodendrocytes, coupled with the accelerated intraneuronal amyloid deposition, interferes with myelin tract diffusivity at a stage before any hippocampus pathology or cognitive impairments occur. We propose that myelin loss could be the cause, not the consequence, of amyloid pathology during the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
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Szymula A, Samayoa-Reyes G, Ogolla S, Liu B, Li S, George A, Van Sciver N, Rochford R, Simas JP, Kaye KM. Macrophages drive KSHV B cell latency. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112767. [PMID: 37440412 PMCID: PMC10528218 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) establishes lifelong infection and persists in latently infected B cells. Paradoxically, in vitro B cell infection is inefficient, and cells rapidly die, suggesting the absence of necessary factor(s). KSHV epidemiology unexpectedly mirrors that of malaria and certain helminthic infections, while other herpesviruses are ubiquitous. Elevated circulating monocytes are common in these parasitic infections. Here, we show that KSHV infection of monocytes or M-CSF-differentiated (M2) macrophages is highly efficient. Proteomic analyses demonstrate that infection induces macrophage production of B cell chemoattractants and activating factor. We find that KSHV acts with monocytes or M2 macrophages to stimulate B cell survival, proliferation, and plasmablast differentiation. Further, macrophages drive infected plasma cell differentiation and long-term viral latency. In Kenya, where KSHV is endemic, we find elevated monocyte levels in children with malaria. These findings demonstrate a role for mononuclear phagocytes in KSHV B cell latency and suggest that mononuclear phagocyte abundance may underlie KSHV's geographic disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szymula
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela Samayoa-Reyes
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sidney Ogolla
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - Bing Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shijun Li
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Athira George
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas Van Sciver
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rosemary Rochford
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu 40100, Kenya
| | - J Pedro Simas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Católica Biomedical Research, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Kenneth M Kaye
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Amo L, Kole HK, Scott B, Qi CF, Krymskaya L, Wang H, Miller LH, Janse CJ, Bolland S. Plasmodium curtails autoimmune nephritis via lasting bone marrow alterations, independent of hemozoin accumulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192819. [PMID: 37539049 PMCID: PMC10394379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The host response against infection with Plasmodium commonly raises self-reactivity as a side effect, and antibody deposition in kidney has been cited as a possible cause of kidney injury during severe malaria. In contrast, animal models show that infection with the parasite confers long-term protection from lethal lupus nephritis initiated by autoantibody deposition in kidney. We have limited knowledge of the factors that make parasite infection more likely to induce kidney damage in humans, or the mechanisms underlying protection from autoimmune nephritis in animal models. Our experiments with the autoimmune-prone FcγR2B[KO] mice have shown that a prior infection with P. yoelii 17XNL protects from end-stage nephritis for a year, even when overall autoreactivity and systemic inflammation are maintained at high levels. In this report we evaluate post-infection alterations, such as hemozoin accumulation and compensatory changes in immune cells, and their potential role in the kidney-specific protective effect by Plasmodium. We ruled out the role of pigment accumulation with the use of a hemozoin-restricted P. berghei ANKA parasite, which induced a self-resolved infection that protected from autoimmune nephritis with the same mechanism as parasitic infections that accumulated normal levels of hemozoin. In contrast, adoptive transfer experiments revealed that bone marrow cells were altered by the infection and could transmit the kidney protective effect to a new host. While changes in the frequency of bone marrow cell populations after infection were variable and unique to a particular parasite strain, we detected a sustained bias in cytokine/chemokine expression that suggested lower fibrotic potential and higher Th1 bias likely affecting multiple cell populations. Sustained changes in bone marrow cell activation profile could have repercussions in immune responses long after the infection was cleared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Amo
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hemanta K. Kole
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Bethany Scott
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Chen-Feng Qi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ludmila Krymskaya
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Louis H. Miller
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Chris J. Janse
- Leiden Malaria Research Group, Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Khowawisetsut L, Vimonpatranon S, Lekmanee K, Sawasdipokin H, Srimark N, Chotivanich K, Pattanapanyasat K. Differential Effect of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells on Monocyte Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2631. [PMID: 36768950 PMCID: PMC9916780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening tropical arthropod-borne disease caused by Plasmodium spp. Monocytes are the primary immune cells to eliminate malaria-infected red blood cells. Thus, the monocyte's functions are one of the crucial factors in controlling parasite growth. It is reasoned that the activation or modulation of monocyte function by parasite products might dictate the rate of disease progression. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), microvesicles, and exosomes, released from infected red blood cells, mediate intercellular communication and control the recipient cell function. This study aimed to investigate the physical characteristics of EVs derived from culture-adapted P. falciparum isolates (Pf-EVs) from different clinical malaria outcomes and their impact on monocyte polarization. The results showed that all P. falciparum strains released similar amounts of EVs with some variation in size characteristics. The effect of Pf-EV stimulation on M1/M2 monocyte polarization revealed a more pronounced effect on CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes than the CD14+CD16- classical monocytes with a marked induction of Pf-EVs from a severe malaria strain. However, no difference in the levels of microRNAs (miR), miR-451a, miR-486, and miR-92a among Pf-EVs derived from virulent and nonvirulent strains was found, suggesting that miR in Pf-EVs might not be a significant factor in driving M2-like monocyte polarization. Future studies on other biomolecules in Pf-EVs derived from the P. falciparum strain with high virulence that induce M2-like polarization are therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sinmanus Vimonpatranon
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kittima Lekmanee
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Hathai Sawasdipokin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Narinee Srimark
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kesinee Chotivanich
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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11
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Ty M, Sun S, Callaway PC, Rek J, Press KD, van der Ploeg K, Nideffer J, Hu Z, Klemm S, Greenleaf W, Donato M, Tukwasibwe S, Arinaitwe E, Nankya F, Musinguzi K, Andrew D, de la Parte L, Mori DM, Lewis SN, Takahashi S, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Greenhouse B, Blish C, Utz PJ, Khatri P, Dorsey G, Kamya M, Boyle M, Feeney M, Ssewanyana I, Jagannathan P. Malaria-driven expansion of adaptive-like functional CD56-negative NK cells correlates with clinical immunity to malaria. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd9012. [PMID: 36696483 PMCID: PMC9976268 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add9012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells likely play an important role in immunity to malaria, but the effect of repeated malaria on NK cell responses remains unclear. Here, we comprehensively profiled the NK cell response in a cohort of 264 Ugandan children. Repeated malaria exposure was associated with expansion of an atypical, CD56neg population of NK cells that differed transcriptionally, epigenetically, and phenotypically from CD56dim NK cells, including decreased expression of PLZF and the Fc receptor γ-chain, increased histone methylation, and increased protein expression of LAG-3, KIR, and LILRB1. CD56neg NK cells were highly functional and displayed greater antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity than CD56dim NK cells. Higher frequencies of CD56neg NK cells were associated with protection against symptomatic malaria and high parasite densities. After marked reductions in malaria transmission, frequencies of these cells rapidly declined, suggesting that continuous exposure to Plasmodium falciparum is required to maintain this modified, adaptive-like NK cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Ty
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shenghuan Sun
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Perri C Callaway
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Rek
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Jason Nideffer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sandy Klemm
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Michele Donato
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dean Andrew
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Saki Takahashi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan Greenhouse
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Blish
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - P J Utz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moses Kamya
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michelle Boyle
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Feeney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Dobbs KR, Dent AE, Embury P, Ogolla S, Koech E, Midem D, Kazura JW. Monocyte epigenetics and innate immunity to malaria: yet another level of complexity? Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:717-720. [PMID: 35905779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Children under the age of 5 years living in areas of moderate to high malaria transmission are highly susceptible to clinical malaria with fever that prompts treatment of blood stage infection with anti-malarial drugs. In contrast, older school age children frequently experience subclinical malaria, i.e. chronic Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia without fever or other clinical symptoms. The role of innate immune cells in regulating inflammation at a level that is sufficient to control the parasite biomass, while at the same time maintaining a disease-tolerant clinical phenotype, i.e., subclinical malaria, is not well understood. Recent studies suggest that host epigenetic mechanisms underlie the innate immune homeostasis associated with subclinical malaria. This Current Opinion article presents evidence supporting the notion that modifications of the host monocyte/macrophage epigenome regulate innate immune functions pertinent to subclinical malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Dobbs
- Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC:4983, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Arlene E Dent
- Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC:4983, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Paula Embury
- Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC:4983, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | - David Midem
- Chulaimbo Sub-county Hospital, Kisumu County, Kenya
| | - James W Kazura
- Centre for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC:4983, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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13
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Abad P, Marín-García P, Heras M, Fobil JN, Hutchful AG, Diez A, Puyet A, Reyes-Palomares A, Azcárate IG, Bautista JM. Microscopic and submicroscopic infection by Plasmodium falciparum: Immunoglobulin M and A profiles as markers of intensity and exposure. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:934321. [PMID: 36118030 PMCID: PMC9478039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.934321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of serological Plasmodium falciparum–specific antibodies in highly endemic areas provides valuable information about malaria status and parasite exposure in the population. Although serological evidence of Plasmodium exposure is commonly determined by Plasmodium-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels; IgM and IgA are likely markers of malaria status that remain relatively unexplored. Previous studies on IgM and IgA responses have been based on their affinity for single antigens with shortage of immune responses analysis against the whole Plasmodium proteome. Here, we provide evidence of how P. falciparum infection triggers the production of specific IgM and IgA in plasma and its relationship with parasite density and changes in hematological parameters. A total of 201 individuals attending a hospital in Breman Asikuma, Ghana, were recruited into this study. Total and P. falciparum–specific IgM, IgA, and IgG were assessed by ELISA and examined in relation to age (0–5, 14–49, and ≥50 age ranges); infection (submicroscopic vs. microscopic malaria); pregnancy and hematological parameters. Well-known IgG response was used as baseline control. P. falciparum–specific IgM and IgA levels increased in the population with the age, similarly to IgG. These data confirm that acquired humoral immunity develops by repeated infections through the years endorsing IgM and IgA as exposure markers in endemic malaria regions. High levels of specific IgA and IgM in children were associated with microscopic malaria and worse prognosis, because most of them showed severe anemia. This new finding shows that IgM and IgA may be used as diagnostic markers in this age group. We also found an extremely high prevalence of submicroscopic malaria (46.27% on average) accompanied by IgM and IgA levels indistinguishable from those of uninfected individuals. These data, together with the observed lack of sensitivity of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) compared to PCR, invoke the urgent need to implement diagnostic markers for submicroscopic malaria. Overall, this study opens the potential use of P. falciparum–specific IgM and IgA as new serological markers to predict malaria status in children and parasite exposure in endemic populations. The difficulties in finding markers of submicroscopic malaria are highlighted, emphasizing the need to explore this field in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Abad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Heras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julius N. Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alfred G. Hutchful
- Laboratory of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady of Grace Hospital, Breman-Asikuma, Ghana
| | - Amalia Diez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando Reyes-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel G. Azcárate
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel G. Azcárate, ; José M. Bautista,
| | - José M. Bautista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Isabel G. Azcárate, ; José M. Bautista,
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14
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Du Y, Luo Y, Hu Z, Lu J, Liu X, Xing C, Wu J, Duan T, Chu J, Wang HY, Su X, Yu X, Wang R. Activation of cGAS-STING by Lethal Malaria N67C Dictates Immunity and Mortality through Induction of CD11b + Ly6C hi Proinflammatory Monocytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103701. [PMID: 35635376 PMCID: PMC9353503 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) play critical roles in the innate immunity against infectious diseases and are required to link pathogen DNA sensing to immune responses. However, the mechanisms by which cGAS-STING-induced cytokines suppress the adaptive immune response against malaria infections remain poorly understood. Here, cGAS-STING signaling is identified to play a detrimental role in regulating anti-malaria immunity. cGAS or STING deficiency in mice markedly prolongs mouse survival during lethal malaria Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis N67C infections by reducing late interleukin (IL)-6 production. Mechanistically, cGAS/STING recruits myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and specifically induces the p38-dependent signaling pathway for late IL-6 production, which, in turn, expands CD11b+ Ly6Chi proinflammatory monocytes to inhibit immunity. Moreover, the blockage or ablation of the cGAS-STING-MyD88-p38-IL-6 signaling axis or the depletion of CD11b+ Ly6Chi proinflammatory monocytes provides mice a significant survival benefit during N67C and other lethal malaria-strain infections. Taken together, these findings identify a previously unrecognized detrimental role of cGAS-STING-MyD88-p38 axis in infectious diseases through triggering the late IL-6 production and proinflammatory monocyte expansion and provide insight into how targeting the DNA sensing pathway, dysregulated cytokines, and proinflammatory monocytes enhances immunity against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Yien Luo
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
- Department of NeurologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of ImmunologyGuangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Jiansen Lu
- Department of ImmunologyGuangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Malaria Functional Genomics SectionLaboratory of Malaria and Vector ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Tianhao Duan
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Junjun Chu
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Department of PediatricsChildren's HospitalKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90027USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Xin‐zhuan Su
- Malaria Functional Genomics SectionLaboratory of Malaria and Vector ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD20892USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of ImmunologyGuangdong Provincial Key Lab of Single Cell Technology and ApplicationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Department of Joint SurgeryThe Fifth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510515China
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
| | - Rong‐Fu Wang
- Department of Medicineand Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Department of PediatricsChildren's HospitalKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90027USA
- Center for Inflammation and EpigeneticsHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTX77030USA
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15
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O'Brien NF, Fonseca Y, Johnson HC, Postels D, Birbeck GL, Chimalizeni Y, Seydel KB, Bernard Gushu M, Phiri T, June S, Chetcuti K, Vidal L, Goyal MS, Taylor TE. Mechanisms of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound phenotypes in paediatric cerebral malaria remain elusive. Malar J 2022; 21:196. [PMID: 35729574 PMCID: PMC9210743 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral malaria (CM) results in significant paediatric death and neurodisability in sub-Saharan Africa. Several different alterations to typical Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD) flow velocities and waveforms in CM have been described, but mechanistic contributors to these abnormalities are unknown. If identified, targeted, TCD-guided adjunctive therapy in CM may improve outcomes. Methods This was a prospective, observational study of children 6 months to 12 years with CM in Blantyre, Malawi recruited between January 2018 and June 2021. Medical history, physical examination, laboratory analysis, electroencephalogram, and magnetic resonance imaging were undertaken on presentation. Admission TCD results determined phenotypic grouping following a priori definitions. Evaluation of the relationship between haemodynamic, metabolic, or intracranial perturbations that lead to these observed phenotypes in other diseases was undertaken. Neurological outcomes at hospital discharge were evaluated using the Paediatric Cerebral Performance Categorization (PCPC) score. Results One hundred seventy-four patients were enrolled. Seven (4%) had a normal TCD examination, 57 (33%) met criteria for hyperaemia, 50 (29%) for low flow, 14 (8%) for microvascular obstruction, 11 (6%) for vasospasm, and 35 (20%) for isolated posterior circulation high flow. A lower cardiac index (CI) and higher systemic vascular resistive index (SVRI) were present in those with low flow than other groups (p < 0.003), though these values are normal for age (CI 4.4 [3.7,5] l/min/m2, SVRI 1552 [1197,1961] dscm-5m2). Other parameters were largely not significantly different between phenotypes. Overall, 118 children (68%) had a good neurological outcome. Twenty-three (13%) died, and 33 (19%) had neurological deficits. Outcomes were best for participants with hyperaemia and isolated posterior high flow (PCPC 1–2 in 77 and 89% respectively). Participants with low flow had the least likelihood of a good outcome (PCPC 1–2 in 42%) (p < 0.001). Cerebral autoregulation was significantly better in children with good outcome (transient hyperemic response ratio (THRR) 1.12 [1.04,1.2]) compared to a poor outcome (THRR 1.05 [0.98,1.02], p = 0.05). Conclusions Common pathophysiological mechanisms leading to TCD phenotypes in non-malarial illness are not causative in children with CM. Alternative mechanistic contributors, including mechanical factors of the cerebrovasculature and biologically active regulators of vascular tone should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole F O'Brien
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43502, USA.
| | - Yudy Fonseca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43502, USA
| | - Hunter C Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43502, USA
| | - Douglas Postels
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University/Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gretchen L Birbeck
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,University Teaching Hospitals Children's Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Yamikani Chimalizeni
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Karl B Seydel
- Dept of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Montfort Bernard Gushu
- Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, The Blantyre Malaria Project, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Tusekile Phiri
- Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, The Blantyre Malaria Project, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Sylvester June
- Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, The Blantyre Malaria Project, Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Karen Chetcuti
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Lorenna Vidal
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Manu S Goyal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Terrie E Taylor
- Dept of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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16
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Sabourin KR, Nalwoga A, Whitby D, Newton R, Rochford R. Environmental determinants of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) transmission in rural Uganda (ENDKU study): Contributions to research on KSHV infection and reactivation in African children; A longitudinal cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 78:102154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Crabtree JN, Caffrey DR, de Souza Silva L, Kurt-Jones EA, Dobbs K, Dent A, Fitzgerald KA, Golenbock DT. Lymphocyte crosstalk is required for monocyte-intrinsic trained immunity to Plasmodium falciparum. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e139298. [PMID: 35642634 PMCID: PMC9151696 DOI: 10.1172/jci139298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) induces trained innate immune responses in vitro, where initial stimulation of adherent PBMCs with P. falciparum-infected RBCs (iRBCs) results in hyperresponsiveness to subsequent ligation of TLR2. This response correlates with the presence of T and B lymphocytes in adherent PBMCs, suggesting that innate immune training is partially due to adaptive immunity. We found that T cell-depleted PBMCs and purified monocytes alone did not elicit hyperproduction of IL-6 and TNF-α under training conditions. Analysis of P. falciparum-trained PBMCs showed that DCs did not develop under control conditions, and IL-6 and TNF-α were primarily produced by monocytes and DCs. Transwell experiments isolating purified monocytes from either PBMCs or purified CD4+ T cells, but allowing diffusion of secreted proteins, enabled monocytes trained with iRBCs to hyperproduce IL-6 and TNF-α after TLR restimulation. Purified monocytes stimulated with IFN-γ hyperproduced IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas blockade of IFN-γ in P. falciparum-trained PBMCs inhibited trained responses. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-Seq) on monocytes from patients with malaria showed persistently open chromatin at genes that appeared to be trained in vitro. Together, these findings indicate that the trained immune response of monocytes to P. falciparum is not completely cell intrinsic but depends on soluble signals from lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet N. Crabtree
- Program in Innate Immunity and
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel R. Caffrey
- Program in Innate Immunity and
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leandro de Souza Silva
- Program in Innate Immunity and
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones
- Program in Innate Immunity and
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Arlene Dent
- Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A. Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity and
- Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas T. Golenbock
- Program in Innate Immunity and
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Sears KP, Knowles DP, Fry LM. Clinical Progression of Theileria haneyi in Splenectomized Horses Reveals Decreased Virulence Compared to Theileria equi. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020254. [PMID: 35215197 PMCID: PMC8879895 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global importance of the hemoparasite Theileria haneyi to equine health was recently shown by its resistance to imidocarb dipropionate (ID) and its interference with T. equi clearance by ID in some co-infected horses. Genetic characterization of T. haneyi revealed marked genomic reduction compared to T. equi, and initial experiments demonstrated reduced clinical severity in spleen-intact horses. Furthermore, in early experiments, splenectomized horses survived T. haneyi infection and progressed to an asymptomatic carrier state, in stark contrast to the high fatality rate of T. equi in splenectomized horses. Thus, we hypothesized that T. haneyi is less virulent than T. equi. To objectively assess virulence, clinical data from nine splenectomized, T. haneyi-infected horses were evaluated and compared to published data on T. equi-infected, splenectomized horses. Seven of eight splenectomized, T. haneyi-infected horses survived. Further, in six horses co-infected with T. equi and T. haneyi, only horses cleared of T. equi by ID survived splenectomy and became asymptomatic carriers. The reduced virulence of T. haneyi in splenectomized horses instructs why T. haneyi was, until recently, undetected. This naturally occurring comparative reduction in virulence in a natural host provides a foundation for defining virulence mechanisms of theileriosis and Apicomplexa in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P. Sears
- Department of Clinical Science, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-4801, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA;
| | - Donald P. Knowles
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA;
| | - Lindsay M. Fry
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA;
- USDA—ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-509-595-1822
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19
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Acquired clinical immunity to malaria in non-human primates co-infected with Schistosoma and Plasmodium parasites. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0046421. [PMID: 34871040 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00464-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Naturally acquired immunity to malaria develops over several years and can be compromised by concomitant infections. This study explored the influence of chronic schistosomiasis on clinical outcome and immunity to repeated malaria infection. Methods. Two groups of baboons (n=8 each), were infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae to establish chronic infections. One of the two groups was treated with Praziquantel to eliminate schistosome infection. The two groups plus a new malaria control group (n=8), were inoculated three times with Plasmodium knowlesi parasites at one-month intervals. Clinical data, IgG, IgG1, memory T-cells and monocyte levels were recorded. Results. We observed after three P. knowlesi infections; i) reduced clinical symptoms in all groups with each subsequent infection, ii) increase IgG and IgG1in the malaria control (Pk-only) group iii) increased IgG and IgG1, CD14+ and CD14-CD16+ in the Schistosoma treated (Schisto/PZQ+Pk) group and iv) significantly lower IgG and IgG1 levels compared to Pk-only, reduced CD4+CD45RO+ and increased CD14-CD16+ cells in the co-infected (Schisto+Pk) group. Conclusion. Chronic S. mansoni does not compromise establishment of clinical immunity after multiple malaria infections with non-classical monocytes seeming to play a role. Failure to develop robust antibody and memory T-cells may have a long-term impact on acquired immunity to malaria infection.
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20
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Development of an advanced flow cytometry based high-resolution immunophenotyping method to benchmark early immune response in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22896. [PMID: 34819614 PMCID: PMC8613216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02405-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of the somatic cell count of a milk sample is one of the most common methods to monitor udder health of a dairy cow. However, this procedure does not take into account the fact that cells in milk present a great variety of different cell types. The objective of our study was to establish a high-resolution differential cell count (HRDCC) by means of flow cytometry in blood and milk. We were able to detect ten subpopulations among the three main populations of immune cells and to determine their viability. Additionally, blood samples were analyzed for common laboratory biomarkers, i.e. differential blood counts, haptoglobin levels and several metabolic parameters. In this first feasibility study, we used three different vaccines to stimulate the immune system of five healthy cows each. Samples were collected shortly before, in between and after the vaccinations. Using multivariate statistical methods we saw a diagnostic benefit when HRDCCs were included compared to only the standard laboratory parameters. The impacts of all three vaccinations on the immune system were visible in blood HRDCCs as well as in milk HRDCCs. Cluster of Differentiation 8+ (CD8+) T cells, B cells and monocyte/macrophage subpopulations were among the most important and statistically relevant parameters for all treatments in both biofluids. Moreover, in one of the treatment groups intermediate monocytes showed a significant increase after both vaccinations. Although the use of HRDCC in blood or milk was shown to be highly relevant for early systemic diagnostic, to confirm these subpopulations further investigations in cows of different breed, lactation stage or health status are required.
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21
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Bosurgi L, Rothlin CV. Management of cell death in parasitic infections. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:481-492. [PMID: 34279684 PMCID: PMC8443503 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For a long time, host cell death during parasitic infection has been considered a reflection of tissue damage, and often associated with disease pathogenesis. However, during their evolution, protozoan and helminth parasites have developed strategies to interfere with cell death so as to spread and survive in the infected host, thereby ascribing a more intriguing role to infection-associated cell death. In this review, we examine the mechanisms used by intracellular and extracellular parasites to respectively inhibit or trigger programmed cell death. We further dissect the role of the prototypical “eat-me signal” phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) which, by being exposed on the cell surface of damaged host cells as well as on some viable parasites via a process of apoptotic mimicry, leads to their recognition and up-take by the neighboring phagocytes. Although barely dissected so far, the engagement of different PtdSer receptors on macrophages, by shaping the host immune response, affects the overall infection outcome in models of both protozoan and helminth infections. In this scenario, further understanding of the molecular and cellular regulation of the PtdSer exposing cell-macrophage interaction might allow the identification of new therapeutic targets for the management of parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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22
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Williams H, Suda S, Dervish S, Yap YT, Holland AJA, Medbury HJ. Monocyte M1/M2 profile is altered in paediatric burn patients with hypertrophic scarring. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:996-1005. [PMID: 34272902 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars (HTS) remain a common outcome of burn injury, particularly in children. They can arise from variations in the wound healing stages, such as an excessive inflammatory response or inefficient remodelling. Of the cells contributing to these healing stages, macrophages and fibrocytes are crucial. Specifically, the inflammatory phase is dominated by M1 macrophages, the proliferation/remodelling stages by M2 macrophages, and scar tissue contains numerous fibrocytes. As the progenitors to these cells, monocytes, can also exhibit M1- and M2-skewing, we proposed that their profile, or circulating fibrocyte counts, could be used to predict poor healing outcomes. To investigate this, we obtained blood samples from paediatric controls and burns patients, which were then divided into HTS and NoHTS groups upon scar assessment at 12 months. The samples were assessed by whole blood flow cytometry to quantify fibrocytes and monocyte subset proportions and to determine monocyte levels of M1 (CD86, CD120b, CD319) and M2 (CD93, CD163, CD200R) markers. Both burns groups had higher proportions of classical monocytes compared to controls, indicating increased cell turnover and/or entry of other subsets into the wound. In burns patients who took more than 21 days to heal, the HTS group had lower M2 (CD200R) expression with the ratio of M1/M2 (CD86/CD200R) being significantly higher. These results suggest an elevated early inflammatory monocyte response contributes to development of HTS. Correlations of marker expression with remaining healing time revealed a significant positive correlation with M1 (CD120b) and M1/M2 (CD120b/CD200R), suggesting a potential role for CD120b as an indicator of healing delay. Fibrocytes did not significantly differ between the groups. In conclusion, increased monocyte inflammation likely contributes to slower healing and development of scarring, but further studies are needed to determine the predictive power of monocyte inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Williams
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Sasithorn Suda
- Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Suat Dervish
- Westmead Research Hub, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, Australia
| | - Yen Tien Yap
- Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Andrew J A Holland
- The Children's Hospital Burns Research Institute, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Heather J Medbury
- Department of Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Vascular Biology Research Centre, Westmead, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
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23
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Chua CLL, Ng IMJ, Yap BJM, Teo A. Factors influencing phagocytosis of malaria parasites: the story so far. Malar J 2021; 20:319. [PMID: 34271941 PMCID: PMC8284020 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03849-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are seven known species of Plasmodium spp. that can infect humans. The human host can mount a complex network of immunological responses to fight infection and one of these immune functions is phagocytosis. Effective and timely phagocytosis of parasites, accompanied by the activation of a regulated inflammatory response, is beneficial for parasite clearance. Functional studies have identified specific opsonins, particularly antibodies and distinct phagocyte sub-populations that are associated with clinical protection against malaria. In addition, cellular and molecular studies have enhanced the understanding of the immunological pathways and outcomes following phagocytosis of malaria parasites. In this review, an integrated view of the factors that can affect phagocytosis of infected erythrocytes and parasite components, the immunological consequences and their association with clinical protection against Plasmodium spp. infection is provided. Several red blood cell disorders and co-infections, and drugs that can influence phagocytic capability during malaria are also discussed. It is hoped that an enhanced understanding of this immunological process can benefit the design of new therapeutics and vaccines to combat this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ida May Jen Ng
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bryan Ju Min Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, The Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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24
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Kanoi BN, Egwang TG. Sex differences in concentrations of HMGB1 and numbers of pigmented monocytes in infants and young children with malaria. Parasitol Int 2021; 84:102387. [PMID: 34022424 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sex remains a key biological variable affecting human innate and adaptive immune responses to infection and in pathogenesis of diseases. In malaria, females demonstrate higher concentrations of antibodies and rates of severe adverse events and mortality following malaria vaccination. Although monocytes/macrophages play a crucial role in disease and protection in malaria, no studies have investigated sex differences in their functions in production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in malaria-infected subjects. Here, we show significant sex differences in serum concentrations of HMGB1, a non-histone chromatin-associated protein, and numbers of pigmented monocytes, which are both markers of severe malaria, in infants and young children <5 years old from a malaria endemic region in Northern Uganda. Female infants and young children with clinical malaria had significantly higher HMGB1 concentrations than males, and female infants and young children with asymptomatic malaria had significantly lower numbers of pigmented monocytes than males with asymptomatic malaria. There was (1) a significant correlation between HMGB1 concentrations and pigmented monocyte numbers in female but not male infants; and (2) a significant correlation between HMGB1 concentrations and parasite densities in female but not male infants. These findings suggest that female infants and young children with clinical malaria might be at a greater risk of morbidity characterized by higher serum HMGB1 levels.
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25
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Dobbs KR, Embury P, Koech E, Ogolla S, Munga S, Kazura JW, Dent AE. Age-related differences in monocyte DNA methylation and immune function in healthy Kenyan adults and children. Immun Ageing 2021; 18:11. [PMID: 33685492 PMCID: PMC7938546 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related changes in adaptive and innate immune cells have been associated with a decline in effective immunity and chronic, low-grade inflammation. Epigenetic, transcriptional, and functional changes in monocytes occur with aging, though most studies to date have focused on differences between young adults and the elderly in populations with European ancestry; few data exist regarding changes that occur in circulating monocytes during the first few decades of life or in African populations. We analyzed DNA methylation profiles, cytokine production, and inflammatory gene expression profiles in monocytes from young adults and children from western Kenya. RESULTS We identified several hypo- and hyper-methylated CpG sites in monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children that replicated findings in the current literature of differential DNA methylation in monocytes from elderly persons vs. young adults across diverse populations. Differentially methylated CpG sites were also noted in gene regions important to inflammation and innate immune responses. Monocytes from Kenyan young adults vs. children displayed increased production of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 in response to TLR4 and TLR2/1 stimulation as well as distinct inflammatory gene expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS These findings complement previous reports of age-related methylation changes in isolated monocytes and provide novel insights into the role of age-associated changes in innate immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Dobbs
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC: 4983, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paula Embury
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC: 4983, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Emmily Koech
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Sidney Ogolla
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Stephen Munga
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James W Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC: 4983, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Arlene E Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue LC: 4983, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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26
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Amiah MA, Ouattara A, Okou DT, N'Guetta SPA, Yavo W. Polymorphisms in Fc Gamma Receptors and Susceptibility to Malaria in an Endemic Population. Front Immunol 2020; 11:561142. [PMID: 33281811 PMCID: PMC7689034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.561142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated infections by Plasmodium falciparum result in a humoral response that could reduce disease symptoms and prevent the development of clinical malaria. The principal mechanism underlying this humoral response is that immunoglobulin G (IgG) binds directly to the parasites, thus causing their neutralization. However, the action of antibodies alone is not always sufficient to eliminate pathogens from an organism. One key element involved in the recognition of IgG that plays a crucial role in the destruction of the parasites responsible for spreading malaria is the family of Fc gamma receptors. These receptors are expressed on the surface of immune cells. Several polymorphisms have been detected in the genes encoding these receptors, associated with susceptibility or resistance to malaria in different populations. In this review, we describe identified polymorphisms within the family of Fc gamma receptors and the impact of these variations on the response of a host to infection as well as provide new perspectives for the design of an effective vaccine for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ahou Amiah
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Amed Ouattara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - David Tea Okou
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Simon-Pierre Assanvo N'Guetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) BIOSCIENCES, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - William Yavo
- Malaria Research and Control Center, National Public Health Institute, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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27
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Walk J, Keramati F, de Bree LCJ, Arts RJW, Blok B, Netea MG, Stunnenberg HG, Sauerwein RW. Controlled Human Malaria Infection Induces Long-Term Functional Changes in Monocytes. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:604553. [PMID: 33324683 PMCID: PMC7726436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.604553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune memory responses (also termed "trained immunity") have been described in monocytes after BCG vaccination and after stimulation in vitro with microbial and endogenous ligands such as LPS, β-glucan, oxidized LDL, and monosodium urate crystals. However, whether clinical infections are also capable of inducing a trained immunity phenotype remained uncertain. We evaluated whether Plasmodium falciparum infection can induce innate immune memory by measuring monocyte-derived cytokine production from five volunteers undergoing Controlled Human Malaria Infection. Monocyte responses followed a biphasic pattern: during acute infection, monocytes produced lower amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary stimulation, but 36 days after malaria infection they produced significantly more IL-6 and TNF-α in response to various stimuli. Furthermore, transcriptomic and epigenomic data analysis revealed a clear reprogramming of monocytes at both timepoints, with long-term changes of H3K4me3 at the promoter regions of inflammatory genes that remain present for several weeks after parasite clearance. These findings demonstrate an epigenetic basis of trained immunity induced by human malaria in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Walk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Farid Keramati
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Charlotte J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rob J W Arts
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bas Blok
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert W Sauerwein
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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28
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Prah DA, Amoah LE, Gibbins MP, Bediako Y, Cunnington AJ, Awandare GA, Hafalla JCR. Comparison of leucocyte profiles between healthy children and those with asymptomatic and symptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections. Malar J 2020; 19:364. [PMID: 33036624 PMCID: PMC7547495 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune mechanisms that determine whether a Plasmodium falciparum infection would be symptomatic or asymptomatic are not fully understood. Several studies have been carried out to characterize the associations between disease outcomes and leucocyte numbers. However, the majority of these studies have been conducted in adults with acute uncomplicated malaria, despite children being the most vulnerable group. METHODS Peripheral blood leucocyte subpopulations were characterized in children with acute uncomplicated (symptomatic; n = 25) or asymptomatic (n = 67) P. falciparum malaria, as well as malaria-free (uninfected) children (n = 16) from Obom, a sub-district of Accra, Ghana. Leucocyte subpopulations were enumerated by flow cytometry and correlated with two measures of parasite load: (a) plasma levels of P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) as a proxy for parasite biomass and (b) peripheral blood parasite densities determined by microscopy. RESULTS In children with symptomatic P. falciparum infections, the proportions and absolute cell counts of total (CD3 +) T cells, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, CD19 + B cells and CD11c + dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly lower as compared to asymptomatic P. falciparum-infected and uninfected children. Notably, CD15 + neutrophil proportions and cell counts were significantly increased in symptomatic children. There was no significant difference in the proportions and absolute counts of CD14 + monocytes amongst the three study groups. As expected, measures of parasite load were significantly higher in symptomatic cases. Remarkably, PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities negatively correlated with both the proportions and absolute numbers of peripheral leucocyte subsets: CD3 + T, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, CD19 + B, CD56 + NK, γδ + T and CD11c + cells. In contrast, both PfHRP2 levels and parasite densities positively correlated with the proportions and absolute numbers of CD15 + cells. CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic P. falciparum infection is correlated with an increase in the levels of peripheral blood neutrophils, indicating a role for this cell type in disease pathogenesis. Parasite load is a key determinant of peripheral cell numbers during malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ahu Prah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Linda Eva Amoah
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
- Immunology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Matthew P Gibbins
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation,, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yaw Bediako
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Julius Clemence R Hafalla
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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29
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Assis PA, Fernandes Durso D, Chacon Cavalcante F, Zaniratto R, Carvalho-Silva AC, Cunha-Neto E, Golenbock DT, Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira L, Tostes Gazzinelli R. Integrative analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells differentiation during experimental cerebral malaria. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1183-1197. [PMID: 32362022 PMCID: PMC11215656 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1ma0320-731r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity and high plasticity are common features of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system: monocytes (MOs), macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). Upon activation by microbial agents, MO can differentiate into MO-derived DCs (MODCs). In previous work, we have shown that during acute infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA), MODCs become, transiently, the main CD11b+ myeloid population in the spleen (SP) and once recruited to the brain play an important role in the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Here, we isolated 4 cell populations: bone marrow (BM) MOs (BM-MOs) and SP-MOs from uninfected mice; BM inflammatory MOs (BM-iMOs) and SP-MODCs from PbA-infected mice and used a system biology approach to a holistic transcriptomic comparison and provide an interactome analysis by integrating differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and their differentially expressed gene targets (DEGs) data. The Jaccard index (JI) was used for gauging the similarity and diversity among these cell populations. Whereas BM-MOs, BM-iMOs, and SP-MOs presented high similarity of DEGs, SP-MODCs distinguished by showing a greater number of DEGs. Moreover, functional analysis identified an enrichment in canonical pathways, such as DC maturation, neuroinflammation, and IFN signaling. Upstream regulator analysis identified IFNγ as the potential upstream molecule that can explain the observed DEMs-Target DEGs intersections in SP-MODCs. Finally, directed target analysis and in vivo/ex vivo assays indicate that SP-MODCs differentiate in the SP and IFNγ is a main driver of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Fernandes Durso
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Zaniratto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Carvalho-Silva
- RNA Systems Biology Laboratory (RSBL), Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas Taylor Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- RNA Systems Biology Laboratory (RSBL), Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Loughland JR, Woodberry T, Field M, Andrew DW, SheelaNair A, Dooley NL, Piera KA, Amante FH, Kenangalem E, Price RN, Engwerda CR, Anstey NM, McCarthy JS, Boyle MJ, Minigo G. Transcriptional profiling and immunophenotyping show sustained activation of blood monocytes in subpatent Plasmodium falciparum infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e1144. [PMID: 32566226 PMCID: PMC7302943 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malaria, caused by Plasmodium infection, remains a major global health problem. Monocytes are integral to the immune response, yet their transcriptional and functional responses in primary Plasmodium falciparum infection and in clinical malaria are poorly understood. METHODS The transcriptional and functional profiles of monocytes were examined in controlled human malaria infection with P. falciparum blood stages and in children and adults with acute malaria. Monocyte gene expression and functional phenotypes were examined by RNA sequencing and flow cytometry at peak infection and compared to pre-infection or at convalescence in acute malaria. RESULTS In subpatent primary infection, the monocyte transcriptional profile was dominated by an interferon (IFN) molecular signature. Pathways enriched included type I IFN signalling, innate immune response and cytokine-mediated signalling. Monocytes increased TNF and IL-12 production upon in vitro toll-like receptor stimulation and increased IL-10 production upon in vitro parasite restimulation. Longitudinal phenotypic analyses revealed sustained significant changes in the composition of monocytes following infection, with increased CD14+CD16- and decreased CD14-CD16+ subsets. In acute malaria, monocyte CD64/FcγRI expression was significantly increased in children and adults, while HLA-DR remained stable. Although children and adults showed a similar pattern of differentially expressed genes, the number and magnitude of gene expression change were greater in children. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte activation during subpatent malaria is driven by an IFN molecular signature with robust activation of genes enriched in pathogen detection, phagocytosis, antimicrobial activity and antigen presentation. The greater magnitude of transcriptional changes in children with acute malaria suggests monocyte phenotypes may change with age or exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Loughland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Tonia Woodberry
- Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia,Present address:
The University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Matt Field
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine and Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular BiologyJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia,John Curtin School of Medical ResearchAustralian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Dean W Andrew
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Arya SheelaNair
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | | | - Kim A Piera
- Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Fiona H Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Enny Kenangalem
- Timika Malaria Research ProgramPapuan Health and Community Development FoundationTimikaIndonesia,District Health AuthorityTimikaIndonesia
| | - Ric N Price
- Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global HealthNuffield Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research UnitFaculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand
| | | | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
| | | | - Michelle J Boyle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia,Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinNTAustralia
| | - Gabriela Minigo
- Menzies School of Health ResearchDarwinNTAustralia,Charles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia,College of Health and Human SciencesCharles Darwin UniversityDarwinNTAustralia
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31
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Cormican S, Griffin MD. Human Monocyte Subset Distinctions and Function: Insights From Gene Expression Analysis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1070. [PMID: 32582174 PMCID: PMC7287163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are a highly plastic innate immune cell population that displays significant heterogeneity within the circulation. Distinct patterns of surface marker expression have become accepted as a basis for distinguishing three monocyte subsets in humans. These phenotypic subsets, termed classical, intermediate and nonclassical, have also been demonstrated to differ in regard to their functional properties and disease associations when studied in vitro and in vivo. Nonetheless, for the intermediate monocyte subset in particular, functional experiments have yielded conflicting results and some studies point to further levels of heterogeneity. Developments in genetic sequencing technology have provided opportunities to more comprehensively explore the phenotypic and functional differences among conventionally-recognized immune cell subtypes as well as the potential to identify novel subpopulations. In this review, we summarize the transcriptomic evidence in support of the existence of three separate monocyte subsets. We also critically evaluate the insights into subset functional distinctions that have been garnered from monocyte gene expression analysis and the potential utility of such studies to unravel subset-specific functional changes which arise in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Cormican
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Regenerative Medical Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Nephrology Services, Galway University Hospitals, Saolta University Health Group, Galway, Ireland
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32
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Dobbs KR, Crabtree JN, Dent AE. Innate immunity to malaria-The role of monocytes. Immunol Rev 2020; 293:8-24. [PMID: 31840836 PMCID: PMC6986449 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells essential for host protection against malaria. Upon activation, monocytes function to help reduce parasite burden through phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. However, monocytes have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe disease through production of damaging inflammatory cytokines, resulting in systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Understanding the molecular pathways influencing the balance between protection and pathology is critical. In this review, we discuss recent data regarding the role of monocytes in human malaria, including studies of innate sensing of the parasite, immunometabolism, and innate immune training. Knowledge gained from these studies may guide rational development of novel antimalarial therapies and inform vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Dobbs
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juliet N. Crabtree
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Arlene E. Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
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33
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Brandt S, Ewert L, Scurt FG, Reichardt C, Lindquist JA, Gorny X, Isermann B, Mertens PR. Altered monocytic phenotypes are linked with systemic inflammation and may be linked to mortality in dialysis patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19103. [PMID: 31836803 PMCID: PMC6911068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major causes for increased morbidity and mortality among chronic kidney disease patients are cardiovascular diseases and infection. A causal link between an activated immune system and aggravated atherosclerosis has been postulated that skews the system towards inflammatory responses. Previously, we demonstrated a positive association of pro-inflammatory cytokines with monocytic Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) expression and vessel wall infiltration in hemodialysis patients. Here, we question whether the responsiveness and cytokine repertoire of monocytes is altered by pre-activation and how this correlates with survival. EDTA whole blood from hemodialysis patients (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 34) was collected and leukocytes challenged with LPS. The distribution of monocyte subsets, YB-1acetyl content, and serum cytokine levels were determined. Compared to controls, dialysis patients have fewer classical (Mo1) and more intermediate (Mo2) and non-classical (Mo3) monocytes. In response to LPS, the Mo2 subset significantly increases (p < 0.001) in control subjects, but not in hemodialysis patients; increased CD86 expression indicates a positive response to LPS. Based on the changes within Mo2, subjects could be classified as responders or non-responders: 60% non-responders were seen in the dialysis cohort versus only 35% among healthy controls. YB-1 acetylation is higher in dialysis patients, independent of LPS stimulation. In this small cohort with 72 months follow-up period intracellular YB-1acetyl levels, IL-6, uPAR, and IP10 correlated with excess mortality in the dialysis cohort. Changes in YB-1 acetylation and serum cytokines may, at a given time point, possibly predict the long-term outcome and thus provide a legacy effect in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Brandt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lara Ewert
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian G Scurt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Reichardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan A Lindquist
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Xenia Gorny
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter R Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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34
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Raja AI, Brickley EB, Taaffe J, Ton T, Zhao Z, Bock KW, Orr-Gonzalez S, Thomas ML, Lambert LE, Moore IN, Duffy PE. A primate model of severe malarial anaemia: a comparative pathogenesis study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18965. [PMID: 31831787 PMCID: PMC6908728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe malarial anaemia (SMA) is the most common life-threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children. SMA is characterised by haemolysis and inadequate erythropoiesis, and is associated with dysregulated inflammatory responses and reduced complement regulatory protein levels (including CD35). However, a deeper mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis requires improved animal models. In this comparative study of two closely related macaque species, we interrogated potential causal factors for their differential and temporal relationships to onset of SMA. We found that rhesus macaques inoculated with blood-stage Plasmodium coatneyi developed SMA within 2 weeks, with no other severe outcomes, whereas infected cynomolgus macaques experienced only mild/ moderate anaemia. The abrupt drop in haematocrit in rhesus was accompanied by consumption of haptoglobin (haemolysis) and poor reticulocyte production. Rhesus developed a greater inflammatory response than cynomolgus macaques, and had lower baseline levels of CD35 on red blood cells (RBCs) leading to a significant reduction in the proportion of CD35+ RBCs during infection. Overall, severe anaemia in rhesus macaques infected with P. coatneyi has similar features to SMA in children. Our comparisons are consistent with an association of low baseline CD35 levels on RBCs and of early inflammatory responses with the pathogenesis of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber I Raja
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth B Brickley
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Taaffe
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timmy Ton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin W Bock
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sachy Orr-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marvin L Thomas
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynn E Lambert
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ian N Moore
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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35
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Changes in monocyte subsets are associated with clinical outcomes in severe malarial anaemia and cerebral malaria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17545. [PMID: 31772386 PMCID: PMC6879635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52579-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are plastic heterogeneous immune cells involved in host-parasite interactions critical for malaria pathogenesis. Human monocytes have been subdivided into three populations based on surface expression of CD14 and CD16. We hypothesised that proportions and phenotypes of circulating monocyte subsets can be markers of severity or fatality in children with malaria. To address this question, we compared monocytes sampled in children with uncomplicated malaria, severe malarial anaemia, or cerebral malaria. Flow cytometry was used to distinguish and phenotype monocyte subsets through CD14, CD16, CD36 and TLR2 expression. Data were first analysed by univariate analysis to evaluate their link to severity and death. Second, multinomial logistic regression was used to measure the specific effect of monocyte proportions and phenotypes on severity and death, after adjustments for other variables unrelated to monocytes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that decreased percentages of non-classical monocytes were associated with death, suggesting that this monocyte subset has a role in resolving malaria. Using univariate analysis, we also showed that the role of non-classical monocytes involves a mostly anti-inflammatory profile and the expression of CD16. Further studies are needed to decipher the functions of this sub-population during severe malaria episodes, and understand the underlying mechanisms.
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36
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Changes in the Molecular and Functional Phenotype of Bovine Monocytes during Theileria parva Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00703-19. [PMID: 31570561 PMCID: PMC6867863 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00703-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theileria parva is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), a tick-borne disease that kills over a million cattle each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Immune protection against T. parva involves a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response to parasite-infected cells. However, there is currently a paucity of knowledge regarding the role played by innate immune cells in ECF pathogenesis and T. parva control. Theileria parva is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), a tick-borne disease that kills over a million cattle each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Immune protection against T. parva involves a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response to parasite-infected cells. However, there is currently a paucity of knowledge regarding the role played by innate immune cells in ECF pathogenesis and T. parva control. Here, we demonstrate an increase in intermediate monocytes (CD14++ CD16+) with a concomitant decrease in the classical (CD14++ CD16−) and nonclassical (CD14+ CD16+) subsets at 12 days postinfection (dpi) during lethal infection but not during nonlethal T. parva infection. Ex vivo analyses of monocytes demonstrated upregulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and increased nitric oxide production during T. parva lethal infection compared to nonlethal infection at 10 dpi. Interestingly, no significant differences in peripheral blood parasite loads were observed between lethally and nonlethally infected animals at 12 dpi. In vitro stimulation with T. parva schizont-infected cells or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in significant upregulation of IL-1β production by monocytes from lethally infected cattle compared to those from nonlethally infected animals. Strikingly, monocytes from lethally infected animals produced significant amounts of IL-10 mRNA after stimulation with T. parva schizont-infected cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that T. parva infection leads to alterations in the molecular and functional phenotypes of bovine monocytes. Importantly, since these changes primarily occur in lethal infection, they can serve as biomarkers for ECF progression and severity, thereby aiding in the standardization of protection assessment for T. parva candidate vaccines.
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37
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Tran TM, Crompton PD. Decoding the complexities of human malaria through systems immunology. Immunol Rev 2019; 293:144-162. [PMID: 31680289 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of the Plasmodium parasite and its life cycle poses a challenge to our understanding of the host immune response against malaria. Studying human immune responses during natural and experimental Plasmodium infections can enhance our understanding of malaria-protective immunity and inform the design of disease-modifying adjunctive therapies and next-generation malaria vaccines. Systems immunology can complement conventional approaches to facilitate our understanding of the complex immune response to the highly dynamic malaria parasite. In this review, recent studies that used systems-based approaches to evaluate human immune responses during natural and experimental Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections as well as during immunization with candidate malaria vaccines are summarized and related to each other. The potential for next-generation technologies to address the current limitations of systems-based studies of human malaria are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan M Tran
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter D Crompton
- Malaria Infection Biology and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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38
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Hirako IC, Assis PA, Galvão-Filho B, Luster AD, Antonelli LR, Gazzinelli RT. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells in malaria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2019; 52:139-150. [PMID: 31542508 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of malaria is a multifactorial syndrome associated with a deleterious inflammatory response that is responsible for many of the clinical manifestations. While dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in initiating acquired immunity and host resistance to infection, they also play a pathogenic role in inflammatory diseases. In our recent studies, we found in different rodent malaria models that the monocyte-derived DCs (MO-DCs) become, transiently, a main DC population in spleens and inflamed non-lymphoid organs. These studies suggest that acute infection with Plasmodium berghei promotes the differentiation of splenic monocytes into inflammatory monocytes (iMOs) and thereafter into MO-DCs that play a pathogenic role by promoting inflammation and tissue damage. The recruitment of MO-DCs to the lungs and brain are dependent on expression of CCR4 and CCR5, respectively, and expression of respective chemokine ligands in each organ. Once they reach the target organ the MO-DCs produce the CXCR3 ligands (CXCL9 and CXCL10), recruit CD8+ T cells, and produce toxic metabolites that play an important role in the development of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C Hirako
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Patrícia A Assis
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Andrew D Luster
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lis Rv Antonelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; University of Massachusetts Medical School, 01605 Worcester, MA, United States; Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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39
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Maurizio PL, Fuseini H, Tegha G, Hosseinipour M, De Paris K. Signatures of divergent anti-malarial treatment responses in peripheral blood from adults and young children in Malawi. Malar J 2019; 18:205. [PMID: 31234875 PMCID: PMC6591936 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in the immune response to parasite infection is mediated in part by differences in host genetics, gender, and age group. In infants and young children, ongoing immunological maturation often results in increased susceptibility to infection and variable responses to drug treatment, increasing the risk of complications. Even though significant age-associated effects on host cytokine responses to Plasmodium falciparum infection have been identified, age-associated effects on uncomplicated malaria infection and anti-malarial treatment remain poorly understood. METHODS In samples of whole blood from a cohort of naturally infected malaria-positive individuals with non-severe falciparum malaria in Malawi (n = 63 total; 34 infants and young children < 2 years old, 29 adults > 18 years old), blood cytokine levels and monocyte and dendritic cell frequencies were assessed at two timepoints: acute infection, and 4 weeks post anti-malarial treatment. The effects of age group, gender, and timepoint were modeled, and the role of these factors on infection and treatment outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS Regardless of treatment timepoint, in this population age was significantly associated with overall blood haemoglobin, which was higher in adults, and plasma nitric oxide metabolites, IL-10, and TNF levels, which were higher in young children. There was a significant effect of age on the haemoglobin treatment response, whereby after treatment, levels increased in young children and decreased in adults. Furthermore, there were significant age-associated effects on treatment response for overall parasite load, IFN-γ, and IL-12(p40), and these effects were gender-dependent. Significant age effects on the overall levels and treatment response of myeloid dendritic cell frequencies were observed. In addition, within each age group, results showed continuous age effects on gametocyte levels (Pfs16), TNF, and nitric oxide metabolites. CONCLUSIONS In a clinical study of young children and adults experiencing natural falciparum malaria infection and receiving anti-malarial treatment, age-associated signatures of infection and treatment responses in peripheral blood were identified. This study describes host markers that may indicate, and potentially contribute to, differential post-treatment outcomes for malaria in young children versus adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Maurizio
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Hubaida Fuseini
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gerald Tegha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Bioinformatics Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mina Hosseinipour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 130 Mason Farm Rd, Bioinformatics Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- University of North Carolina Project-Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Kristina De Paris
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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40
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Inflammation research sails through the sea of immunology to reach immunometabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:128-145. [PMID: 31096130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs as a result of acute trauma, invasion of the host by different pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or chronic cellular stress generating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Thus inflammation may occur under both sterile inflammatory conditions including certain cancers, autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases (Rheumatic arthritis (RA)) and infectious diseases including sepsis, pneumonia-associated acute lung inflammation (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenesis of inflammation involves dysregulation of an otherwise protective immune response comprising of various innate and adaptive immune cells and humoral (cytokines and chemokines) mediators secreted by these immune cells upon the activation of signaling mechanisms regulated by the activation of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). However, the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory action of these immune cells is determined by the metabolic stage of the immune cells. The metabolic process of immune cells is called immunometabolism and its shift determined by inflammatory stimuli is called immunometabolic reprogramming. The article focuses on the involvement of various immune cells generating the inflammation, their interaction, immunometabolic reprogramming, and the therapeutic targeting of the immunometabolism to manage inflammation.
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41
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Shaw TN, Inkson CA, Villegas-Mendez A, Pattinson DJ, Strangward P, Else KJ, Draper SJ, Zeef LAH, Couper KN. Infection-Induced Resistance to Experimental Cerebral Malaria Is Dependent Upon Secreted Antibody-Mediated Inhibition of Pathogenic CD8 + T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:248. [PMID: 30846985 PMCID: PMC6394254 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most severe complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection. There is evidence that repeated parasite exposure promotes resistance against CM. However, the immunological basis of this infection-induced resistance remains poorly understood. Here, utilizing the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), we show that three rounds of infection and drug-cure protects against the development of ECM during a subsequent fourth (4X) infection. Exposure-induced resistance was associated with specific suppression of CD8+ T cell activation and CTL-related pathways, which corresponded with the development of heterogeneous atypical B cell populations as well as the gradual infection-induced generation and maintenance of high levels of anti-parasite IgG. Mechanistically, transfer of high-titer anti-parasite IgG did not protect 1X infected mice against ECM and depletion of atypical and regulatory B cells during 4X infection failed to abrogate infection-induced resistance to ECM. However, IgMi mice that were unable to produce secreted antibody, or undergo class switching, during the repeated rounds of infection failed to develop resistance against ECM. The failure of infection-induced protection in IgMi mice was associated with impaired development of atypical B cell populations and the inability to suppress pathogenic CD8+ T cell responses. Our results, therefore, suggest the importance of anti-parasite antibody responses, gradually acquired, and maintained through repeated Plasmodium infections, for modulating the B cell compartment and eventually suppressing memory CD8+ T cell reactivation to establish infection-induced resistance to ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tovah N. Shaw
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Colette A. Inkson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Villegas-Mendez
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patrick Strangward
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn J. Else
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Draper
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leo A. H. Zeef
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin N. Couper
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hemolytic anemias caused by premature destruction of red blood cells occur in many disorders including hemoglobinopathies, autoimmune conditions, during infection or following reaction to drugs or transfusions. Recent studies which will be reviewed here have uncovered several novel mechanisms by which hemolysis can alter immunological functions and increase the risk of severe complications in hemolytic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Plasma-free heme can induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through reactive oxygen species signaling. Although NETs protect the host against infections, in patients with sickle disease, they are associated with vaso-occlusive crises. Heme may increase host susceptibility to infections by inducing heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in immature neutrophils, thereby inhibiting oxidative burst required for clearance of engulfed bacteria. In addition, heme impairs macrophage phagocytosis and microbial clearance through inhibition of cytoskeletal remodeling. Hemolysis can also favor anti-inflammatory immune cell polarization by inhibiting dendritic cell maturation necessary for effector T-cell responses, inducing differentiation of monocytes into red pulp macrophages, important for iron recycling from senescent erythrocytes, and driving regulatory T-cell expansion through modulation of HO-1 expression in nonclassical monocytes. SUMMARY Hemolysis breakdown products show remarkable effects on the regulation of immune cell differentiation and function.
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Otterdal K, Berg A, Michelsen AE, Patel S, Tellevik MG, Haanshuus CG, Fevang B, Aukrust P, Langeland N, Ueland T. Soluble markers of neutrophil, T-cell and monocyte activation are associated with disease severity and parasitemia in falciparum malaria. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:670. [PMID: 30563486 PMCID: PMC6299500 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response during P. falciparum infection is a two-edged sword, involving dysregulation of the inflammatory responses with several types of immune cells participating. Here we examined T-cell, monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil activation during P. falciparum infection by using soluble activation markers for these leukocyte subsets. Methods In a prospective cross-sectional study clinical data and blood samples were collected from adults in Mozambique with P. falciparum infection, with (n = 70) and without (n = 61) co-infection with HIV-1, as well as HIV-infected patients with similar symptoms but without malaria (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 52). Soluble (s)CD25, sCD14, sCD163 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as markers for T-cell, monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil activation, respectively as well as CX3CL1, granzyme B and TIM-3 as markers of T-cell subsets and T-cell exhaustion, were analyzed. Results All patient groups had raised levels of activation markers compared with healthy controls. Levels of sCD25 and MPO increased gradually from patient with HIV only to patient with malaria only, with the highest levels in the HIV/malaria group. In the malaria group as a whole, MPO, sCD14 and in particular sCD25 were correlated with disease severity. sCD163, sCD25 and in particular MPO correlated with the degree of parasitemia as assessed by qPCR. Patients with falciparum malaria also had signs of T-cell subset activation (i.e. increased granzyme B and CX3CL1) and T-cell exhaustion as assessed by high levels of TIM-3 particularly in patients co-infected with HIV. Conclusion Our data support a marked immune activation in falciparum malaria involving all major leukocyte subsets with particular enhanced activation of neutrophils and T-cells in patients co-infected with HIV. Our findings also support a link between immune activation and immune exhaustion during falciparum malaria, particularly in relation to T-cell responses in patients co-infected with HIV. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3593-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Otterdal
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Aase Berg
- Department of Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, PO Box 8100, 4068, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Maputo, 1100, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sam Patel
- Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Maputo, 1100, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marit G Tellevik
- National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christel G Haanshuus
- National Centre for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Langeland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, 5009, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center, University of Tromsø, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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Cumming BM, Goldring JPD. Monocyte phagocytosis of malaria β-haematin in the presence of artemisinin, amodiaquine, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine, pyrimethamine and quinine. Exp Parasitol 2018; 197:93-102. [PMID: 30562480 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The intraerythrocytic malaria parasite digests haemoglobin to provide amino acids for metabolism and releases toxic haem that is sequestered into haemozoin, a non-toxic, insoluble, crystalline pigment. Following erythrocyte rupture, haemozoin is released into circulation and phagocytosed by monocytes. Phagocytosed haemozoin and antimalarial drugs have both been reported to modulate monocyte functions. This study determined the effects of therapeutic concentrations of seven antimalarial drugs; amodiaquine, artemisinin, chloroquine, doxycycline, primaquine, pyrimethamine and quinine, on the phagocytosis of β-haematin (synthetic haemozoin) by two monocytic cell lines, J774A.1 and U937, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A novel spectrophotometric method based on the absorbance (O.D 400 nm) of alkali/SDS treated monocytes containing β-haematin was developed to complement counting phagocytosis with microscopy. The method has potential use for the large scale screening of monocyte phagocytic activity. Artemisinin, quinine, primaquine and pyrimethamine activated β-haematin phagocytosis by 12% or more, whereas amodiaquine, chloroquine and doxycyline inhibited β-haematin phagocytosis. In contrast, antimalarial drugs had minimal inhibitory effects on the phagocytosis of latex beads with only quinine resulting in more than 20% inhibition. Antimalarial drugs appear to alter monocyte phagocytic activity which has implications for the treatment, pathogenicity and adjunct therapies for malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette M Cumming
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
| | - J P Dean Goldring
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa.
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45
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Assennato SM, Owusu-Ofori S, Osei-Akoto A, Lambert NC, Allain JP. Microchimerism in Ghanaian children recipients of whole blood transfusion for severe anaemia. Vox Sang 2018; 114:162-170. [PMID: 30523635 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Transfusion-acquired microchimerism (TA-Mc) has been reported in major trauma but not in young children despite relative immunodeficiency who, in sub-Saharan Africa, often suffer severe anaemia related to haemoglobinopathies or primary malaria infections. We examined the hypothesis that such massive red cell destructions might provide conditions favourable to TA-Mc, particularly when exposed to massive amounts of parasite antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven female children <5 years transfused with male whole blood for severe anaemia (13 with acute malaria and 14 with other causes) were retrospectively identified, and a blood sample was collected >6 months post-transfusion. Four whole blood samples from paediatric females transfused with blood from female donors and five secondary school female students never pregnant, never transfused were used as negative controls. RESULTS Nineteen patients (70%) carried male Mc with four (15%) having high levels of Mc (>100 genome equivalent of male cells/million of host cells) compared to three controls (37·5%). There was no difference in frequency or quantity of male Mc between paediatric patients with severe malaria and paediatric patients with other causes of severe anaemia. TA-Mc was not correlated with patient age, duration of whole blood storage or lymphocyte load transfused. After a median of 7 months post-transfusion, acute malaria did not increase the frequency of TA-Mc. One negative control appeared to carry low-level male cells. CONCLUSION Transfusion-acquired microchimerism appears frequent in young children transfused with whole blood for severe anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Osei-Akoto
- Department of Paediatrics, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nathalie C Lambert
- INSERM UMRs1097, Autoimmune Arthritis (AA), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
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Ortega-Pajares A, Rogerson SJ. The Rough Guide to Monocytes in Malaria Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2888. [PMID: 30581439 PMCID: PMC6292935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, the most vulnerable are still children under five, pregnant women and returning travelers. Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria parasites to the human host; but how Plasmodium interact with the innate immune system remains largely unexplored. The most recent advances prove that monocytes are a key component to control parasite burden and to protect host from disease. Monocytes' protective roles include phagocytosis, cytokine production and antigen presentation. However, monocytes can be involved in pathogenesis and drive inflammation and sequestration of infected red blood cells in organs such as the brain, placenta or lungs by secreting cytokines that upregulate expression of endothelial adhesion receptors. Plasmodium DNA, hemozoin or extracellular vesicles can impair the function of monocytes. With time, reinfections with Plasmodium change the relative proportion of monocyte subsets and their physical properties. These changes relate to clinical outcomes and might constitute informative biomarkers of immunity. More importantly, at the molecular level, transcriptional, metabolic or epigenetic changes can “prime” monocytes to alter their responses in future encounters with Plasmodium. This mechanism, known as trained immunity, challenges the traditional view of monocytes as a component of the immune system that lacks memory. Overall, this rough guide serves as an update reviewing the advances made during the past 5 years on understanding the role of monocytes in innate immunity to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Ortega-Pajares
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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47
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Natama HM, Moncunill G, Rovira-Vallbona E, Sanz H, Sorgho H, Aguilar R, Coulibaly-Traoré M, Somé MA, Scott S, Valéa I, Mens PF, Schallig HDFH, Kestens L, Tinto H, Dobaño C, Rosanas-Urgell A. Modulation of innate immune responses at birth by prenatal malaria exposure and association with malaria risk during the first year of life. BMC Med 2018; 16:198. [PMID: 30384846 PMCID: PMC6214168 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors driving inter-individual differences in immune responses upon different types of prenatal malaria exposure (PME) and subsequent risk of malaria in infancy remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the impact of four types of PME (i.e., maternal peripheral infection and placental acute, chronic, and past infections) on both spontaneous and toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated cytokine production in cord blood and how these innate immune responses modulate the risk of malaria during the first year of life. METHODS We conducted a birth cohort study of 313 mother-child pairs nested within the COSMIC clinical trial (NCT01941264), which was assessing malaria preventive interventions during pregnancy in Burkina Faso. Malaria infections during pregnancy and infants' clinical malaria episodes detected during the first year of life were recorded. Supernatant concentrations of 30 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors induced by stimulation of cord blood with agonists of TLRs 3, 7/8, and 9 were measured by quantitative suspension array technology. Crude concentrations and ratios of TLR-mediated cytokine responses relative to background control were analyzed. RESULTS Spontaneous production of innate immune biomarkers was significantly reduced in cord blood of infants exposed to malaria, with variation among PME groups, as compared to those from the non-exposed control group. However, following TLR7/8 stimulation, which showed higher induction of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors than TLRs 3 and 9, cord blood cells of infants with evidence of past placental malaria were hyper-responsive in comparison to those of infants not-exposed. In addition, certain biomarkers, which levels were significantly modified depending on the PME category, were independent predictors of either malaria risk (GM-CSF TLR7/8 crude) or protection (IL-12 TLR7/8 ratio and IP-10 TLR3 crude, IL-1RA TLR7/8 ratio) during the first year of life. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that past placental malaria has a profound effect on fetal immune system and that the differential alterations of innate immune responses by PME categories might drive heterogeneity between individuals to clinical malaria susceptibility during the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamtandi Magloire Natama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP218, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gemma Moncunill
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rossello 132, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduard Rovira-Vallbona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Héctor Sanz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rossello 132, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hermann Sorgho
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP218, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Ruth Aguilar
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rossello 132, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maminata Coulibaly-Traoré
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP218, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - M Athanase Somé
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP218, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Susana Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E7HT, UK
| | - Innocent Valéa
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP218, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
| | - Petra F Mens
- Department of Medical Microbiology - Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Henk D F H Schallig
- Department of Medical Microbiology - Parasitology Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, 1105, AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Kestens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, B 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Halidou Tinto
- Unité de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP218, Nanoro, Burkina Faso.,Centre Muraz, BP390, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Carlota Dobaño
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Rossello 132, E-08036, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, B 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
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48
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Ademolue TW, Awandare GA. Evaluating antidisease immunity to malaria and implications for vaccine design. Immunology 2017; 153:423-434. [PMID: 29211303 PMCID: PMC5838420 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity to malaria could be categorized broadly as antiparasite or antidisease immunity. While most vaccine research efforts have focused on antiparasite immunity, the evidence from endemic populations suggest that antidisease immunity is an important component of natural immunity to malaria. The processes that mediate antidisease immunity have, however, attracted little to no attention, and most interests have been directed towards the antibody responses. This review evaluates the evidence for antidisease immunity in endemic areas and discusses the possible mechanisms responsible for it. Given the key role that inflammation plays in the pathogenesis of malaria, regulation of the inflammatory response appears to be a major mechanism for antidisease immunity in naturally exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope W Ademolue
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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