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Zook HN, Quijano JC, Ortiz JA, Donohue C, Lopez K, Li W, Erdem N, Jou K, Crook CJ, Garcia I, Kandeel F, Montero E, Ku HT. Activation of ductal progenitor-like cells from adult human pancreas requires extracellular matrix protein signaling. iScience 2024; 27:109237. [PMID: 38433896 PMCID: PMC10904999 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ductal progenitor-like cells are a sub-population of ductal cells in the adult human pancreas that have the potential to contribute to regenerative medicine. However, the microenvironmental cues that regulate their activation are poorly understood. Here, we establish a 3-dimensional suspension culture system containing six defined soluble factors in which primary human ductal progenitor-like and ductal non-progenitor cells survive but do not proliferate. Expansion and polarization occur when suspension cells are provided with a low concentration (5% v/v) of Matrigel, a sarcoma cell product enriched in many extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Screening of ECM proteins identified that collagen IV can partially recapitulate the effects of Matrigel. Inhibition of integrin α1β1, a major collagen IV receptor, negates collagen IV- and Matrigel-stimulated effects. These results demonstrate that collagen IV is a key ECM protein that stimulates the expansion and polarization of human ductal progenitor-like and ductal non-progenitor cells via integrin α1β1 receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather N. Zook
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Janine C. Quijano
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose A. Ortiz
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Cecile Donohue
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kassandra Lopez
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Li
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Neslihan Erdem
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin Jou
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Christiana J. Crook
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Isaac Garcia
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Enrique Montero
- Department of Diabetes Immunology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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2
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Usman TO, Chhetri G, Yeh H, Dong HH. Beta-cell compensation and gestational diabetes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105405. [PMID: 38229396 PMCID: PMC10694657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by glucose intolerance in pregnant women without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. While the etiology of GDM remains elusive, the close association of GDM with increased maternal adiposity and advanced gestational age implicates insulin resistance as a culpable factor for the pathogenesis of GDM. Pregnancy is accompanied by the physiological induction of insulin resistance in the mother secondary to maternal weight gain. This effect serves to spare blood glucose for the fetus. To overcome insulin resistance, maternal β-cells are conditioned to release more insulin into the blood. Such an adaptive response, termed β-cell compensation, is essential for maintaining normal maternal metabolism. β-cell compensation culminates in the expansion of β-cell mass and augmentation of β-cell function, accounting for increased insulin synthesis and secretion. As a result, a vast majority of mothers are protected from developing GDM during pregnancy. In at-risk pregnant women, β-cells fail to compensate for maternal insulin resistance, contributing to insulin insufficiency and GDM. However, gestational β-cell compensation ensues in early pregnancy, prior to the establishment of insulin resistance in late pregnancy. How β-cells compensate for pregnancy and what causes β-cell failure in GDM are subjects of investigation. In this mini-review, we will provide clinical and preclinical evidence that β-cell compensation is pivotal for overriding maternal insulin resistance to protect against GDM. We will highlight key molecules whose functions are critical for integrating gestational hormones to β-cell compensation for pregnancy. We will provide mechanistic insights into β-cell decompensation in the etiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taofeek O Usman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Goma Chhetri
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hsuan Yeh
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Henry Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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3
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Mi J, Liu KC, Andersson O. Decoding pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and β cell regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5142. [PMID: 37595046 PMCID: PMC10438462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mice, zebrafish have an exceptional yet elusive ability to replenish lost β cells in adulthood. Understanding this framework would provide mechanistic insights for β cell regeneration, which may be extrapolated to humans. Here, we characterize a krt4-expressing ductal cell type, which is distinct from the putative Notch-responsive cells, showing neogenic competence and giving rise to the majority of endocrine cells during postembryonic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked ductal remodeling process featuring a Notch-responsive to krt4+ luminal duct transformation during late development, indicating several origins of krt4+ ductal cells displaying similar transcriptional patterns. Single-cell transcriptomics upon a series of time points during β cell regeneration unveil a previously unrecognized dlb+ transitional endocrine precursor cell, distinct regulons, and a differentiation trajectory involving cellular shuffling through differentiation and dedifferentiation dynamics. These results establish a model of zebrafish pancreatic endocrinogenesis and highlight key values of zebrafish for translational studies of β cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Basile G, Vetere A, Hu J, Ijaduola O, Zhang Y, Liu KC, Eltony AM, De Jesus DF, Fukuda K, Doherty G, Leech CA, Chepurny OG, Holz GG, Yun SH, Andersson O, Choudhary A, Wagner BK, Kulkarni RN. Excess pancreatic elastase alters acinar-β cell communication by impairing the mechano-signaling and the PAR2 pathways. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1242-1260.e9. [PMID: 37339634 PMCID: PMC10834355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) are caused by a deficit of functional insulin-producing β cells. Thus, the identification of β cell trophic agents could allow the development of therapeutic strategies to counteract diabetes. The discovery of SerpinB1, an elastase inhibitor that promotes human β cell growth, prompted us to hypothesize that pancreatic elastase (PE) regulates β cell viability. Here, we report that PE is up-regulated in acinar cells and in islets from T2D patients, and negatively impacts β cell viability. Using high-throughput screening assays, we identified telaprevir as a potent PE inhibitor that can increase human and rodent β cell viability in vitro and in vivo and improve glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant mice. Phospho-antibody microarrays and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified PAR2 and mechano-signaling pathways as potential mediators of PE. Taken together, our work highlights PE as a potential regulator of acinar-β cell crosstalk that acts to limit β cell viability, leading to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Ijaduola
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Amira M Eltony
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kazuki Fukuda
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Grace Doherty
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Colin A Leech
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Oleg G Chepurny
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - George G Holz
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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5
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Quijano JC, Wedeken L, Ortiz JA, Zook HN, LeBon JM, Luo A, Rawson J, Tremblay JR, Mares JM, Lopez K, Chen MH, Jou K, Mendez-Dorantes C, Al-Abdullah IH, Thurmond DC, Kandeel F, Riggs AD, Ku HT. Methylcellulose colony assay and single-cell micro-manipulation reveal progenitor-like cells in adult human pancreatic ducts. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:618-635. [PMID: 36868230 PMCID: PMC10031308 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progenitor cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation in the adult human pancreas are an under-explored resource for regenerative medicine. Using micro-manipulation and three-dimensional colony assays we identify cells within the adult human exocrine pancreas that resemble progenitor cells. Exocrine tissues were dissociated into single cells and plated into a colony assay containing methylcellulose and 5% Matrigel. A subpopulation of ductal cells formed colonies containing differentiated ductal, acinar, and endocrine lineage cells, and expanded up to 300-fold with a ROCK inhibitor. When transplanted into diabetic mice, colonies pre-treated with a NOTCH inhibitor gave rise to insulin-expressing cells. Both colonies and primary human ducts contained cells that simultaneously express progenitor transcription factors SOX9, NKX6.1, and PDX1. In addition, in silico analysis identified progenitor-like cells within ductal clusters in a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset. Therefore, progenitor-like cells capable of self-renewal and tri-lineage differentiation either pre-exist in the adult human exocrine pancreas, or readily adapt in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C Quijano
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Lena Wedeken
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jose A Ortiz
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Heather N Zook
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeanne M LeBon
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Angela Luo
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rawson
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob R Tremblay
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob M Mares
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kassandra Lopez
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Min-Hsuan Chen
- Integrative Genomics Core, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kevin Jou
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Carlos Mendez-Dorantes
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ismail H Al-Abdullah
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Clinical Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Department of Diabetes & Drug Discovery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hsun Teresa Ku
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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6
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Pascale JV, Wolf A, Kadish Y, Diegisser D, Kulaprathazhe MM, Yemane D, Ali S, Kim N, Baruch DE, Yahaya MAF, Dirice E, Adebesin AM, Falck JR, Schwartzman ML, Garcia V. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE): Bioactions, receptors, vascular function, cardiometabolic disease and beyond. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:229-255. [PMID: 37236760 PMCID: PMC10683332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular function is dynamically regulated and dependent on a bevy of cell types and factors that work in concert across the vasculature. The vasoactive eicosanoid, 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a key player in this system influencing the sensitivity of the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, regulating endothelial function, and influencing the renin angiotensin system (RAS), as well as being a driver of vascular remodeling independent of blood pressure elevations. Several of these bioactions are accomplished through the ligand-receptor pairing between 20-HETE and its high-affinity receptor, GPR75. This 20-HETE axis is at the root of various vascular pathologies and processes including ischemia induced angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, septic shock, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and cardiometabolic diseases including diabetes and insulin resistance. Pharmacologically, several preclinical tools have been developed to disrupt the 20-HETE axis including 20-HETE synthesis inhibitors (DDMS and HET0016), synthetic 20-HETE agonist analogues (20-5,14-HEDE and 20-5,14-HEDGE) and 20-HETE receptor blockers (AAA and 20-SOLA). Systemic or cell-specific therapeutic targeting of the 20-HETE-GPR75 axis continues to be an invaluable approach as studies examine the molecular underpinnings activated by 20-HETE under various physiological settings. In particular, the development and characterization of 20-HETE receptor blockers look to be a promising new class of compounds that can provide a considerable benefit to patients suffering from these cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Pascale
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra Wolf
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Yonaton Kadish
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | | | - Danait Yemane
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Samir Ali
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Namhee Kim
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - David E Baruch
- School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Muhamad Afiq Faisal Yahaya
- Department of Basic Sciences, MAHSA University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Adeniyi M Adebesin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michal L Schwartzman
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.
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7
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Olaniru OE, Kadolsky U, Kannambath S, Vaikkinen H, Fung K, Dhami P, Persaud SJ. Single-cell transcriptomic and spatial landscapes of the developing human pancreas. Cell Metab 2023; 35:184-199.e5. [PMID: 36513063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current differentiation protocols have not been successful in reproducibly generating fully functional human beta cells in vitro, partly due to incomplete understanding of human pancreas development. Here, we present detailed transcriptomic analysis of the various cell types of the developing human pancreas, including their spatial gene patterns. We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics at multiple developmental time points and revealed distinct temporal-spatial gene cascades. Cell trajectory inference identified endocrine progenitor populations and branch-specific genes as the progenitors differentiate toward alpha or beta cells. Spatial differentiation trajectories indicated that Schwann cells are spatially co-located with endocrine progenitors, and cell-cell connectivity analysis predicted that they may interact via L1CAM-EPHB2 signaling. Our integrated approach enabled us to identify heterogeneity and multiple lineage dynamics within the mesenchyme, showing that it contributed to the exocrine acinar cell state. Finally, we have generated an interactive web resource for investigating human pancreas development for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Edward Olaniru
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Ulrich Kadolsky
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK; Genomics WA, University of Western Australia, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Telethon Kids Institute QEII Campus, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shichina Kannambath
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Heli Vaikkinen
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Fung
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Pawan Dhami
- Genomics Research Platform and Single Cell Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Department of Diabetes, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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8
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Goode RA, Hum JM, Kalwat MA. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Pancreatic Islet β-Cell Proliferation, Regeneration, and Replacement. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6836713. [PMID: 36412119 PMCID: PMC9923807 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes results from insufficient insulin production by pancreatic islet β-cells or a loss of β-cells themselves. Restoration of regulated insulin production is a predominant goal of translational diabetes research. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in the fields of β-cell proliferation, regeneration, and replacement. The discovery of therapeutic targets and associated small molecules has been enabled by improved understanding of β-cell development and cell cycle regulation, as well as advanced high-throughput screening methodologies. Important findings in β-cell transdifferentiation, neogenesis, and stem cell differentiation have nucleated multiple promising therapeutic strategies. In particular, clinical trials are underway using in vitro-generated β-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Significant challenges remain for each of these strategies, but continued support for efforts in these research areas will be critical for the generation of distinct diabetes therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Goode
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julia M Hum
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael A Kalwat
- Correspondence: Michael A. Kalwat, PhD, Lilly Diabetes Center of Excellence, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, 1210 Waterway Blvd, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. or
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9
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Yong HJ, Toledo MP, Nowakowski RS, Wang YJ. Sex Differences in the Molecular Programs of Pancreatic Cells Contribute to the Differential Risks of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac156. [PMID: 36130190 PMCID: PMC10409906 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies demonstrate that women are at a significantly lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to men. However, the molecular basis of this risk difference is not well understood. In this study, we examined the sex differences in the genetic programs of pancreatic endocrine cells. We combined pancreas perifusion data and single-cell genomic data from our laboratory and from publicly available data sets to investigate multiple axes of the sex differences in the human pancreas at the single-cell type and single-cell level. We systematically compared female and male islet secretion function, gene expression program, and regulatory principles of pancreatic endocrine cells. The perifusion data indicate that female endocrine cells have a higher secretion capacity than male endocrine cells. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis suggests that endocrine cells in male controls have molecular signatures that resemble T2D. In addition, we identified genomic elements associated with genome-wide association study T2D loci to have differential accessibility between female and male delta cells. These genomic elements may play a sex-specific causal role in the pathogenesis of T2D. We provide molecular mechanisms that explain the differential risk of T2D between women and men. Knowledge gained from our study will accelerate the development of diagnostics and therapeutics in sex-aware precision medicine for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Yong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Maria Pilar Toledo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Richard S Nowakowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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10
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Dirice E, Basile G, Kahraman S, Diegisser D, Hu J, Kulkarni RN. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing reveals singular gene signatures of human ductal cells during adaptation to insulin resistance. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153877. [PMID: 35819843 PMCID: PMC9462484 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to increased insulin demand is mediated by β cell proliferation and neogenesis, among other mechanisms. Although it is known that pancreatic β cells can arise from ductal progenitors, these observations have been limited mostly to the neonatal period. We have recently reported that the duct is a source of insulin-secreting cells in adult insulin-resistant states. To further explore the signaling pathways underlying the dynamic β cell reserve during insulin resistance, we undertook human islet and duct transplantations under the kidney capsule of immunodeficient NOD/SCID-γ (NSG) mouse models that were pregnant, were insulin-resistant, or had insulin resistance superimposed upon pregnancy (insulin resistance + pregnancy), followed by single-nucleus RNA-Seq (snRNA-Seq) on snap-frozen graft samples. We observed an upregulation of proliferation markers (e.g., NEAT1) and expression of islet endocrine cell markers (e.g., GCG and PPY), as well as mature β cell markers (e.g., INS), in transplanted human duct grafts in response to high insulin demand. We also noted downregulation of ductal cell identity genes (e.g., KRT19 and ONECUT2) coupled with upregulation of β cell development and insulin signaling pathways. These results indicate that subsets of ductal cells are able to gain β cell identity and reflect a form of compensation during the adaptation to insulin resistance in both physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, United States of America
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, United States of America
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11
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Tudurí E, Soriano S, Almagro L, Montanya E, Alonso-Magdalena P, Nadal Á, Quesada I. The pancreatic β-cell in ageing: Implications in age-related diabetes. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101674. [PMID: 35724861 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) increases with ageing. T2D generally results from progressive impairment of the pancreatic islets to adapt β-cell mass and function in the setting of insulin resistance and increased insulin demand. Several studies have shown an age-related decline in peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, a precise understanding of the pancreatic β-cell response in ageing is still lacking. In this review, we summarize the age-related alterations, adaptations and/or failures of β-cells at the molecular, morphological and functional levels in mouse and human. Age-associated alterations include processes such as β-cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell identity that can influence β-cell mass. Age-related changes also affect β-cell function at distinct steps including electrical activity, Ca2+ signaling and insulin secretion, among others. We will consider the potential impact of these alterations and those mediated by senescence pathways on β-cells and their implications in age-related T2D. Finally, given the great diversity of results in the field of β-cell ageing, we will discuss the sources of this heterogeneity. A better understanding of β-cell biology during ageing, particularly at older ages, will improve our insight into the contribution of β-cells to age-associated T2D and may boost new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tudurí
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Sergi Soriano
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Lucía Almagro
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Nadal
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Quesada
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Basile G, Qadir MMF, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Vetere A, Shoba V, Modell AE, Pastori RL, Russ HA, Wagner BK, Dominguez-Bendala J. Emerging diabetes therapies: Bringing back the β-cells. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101477. [PMID: 35331962 PMCID: PMC8987999 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell therapies are finally coming of age as a viable alternative to pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. Several clinical trials using human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived β-like cells are currently underway, with encouraging preliminary results. Remaining challenges notwithstanding, these strategies are widely expected to reduce our reliance on human isolated islets for transplantation procedures, making cell therapies available to millions of diabetic patients. At the same time, advances in our understanding of pancreatic cell plasticity and the molecular mechanisms behind β-cell replication and regeneration have spawned a multitude of translational efforts aimed at inducing β-cell replenishment in situ through pharmacological means, thus circumventing the need for transplantation. SCOPE OF REVIEW We discuss here the current state of the art in hESC transplantation, as well as the parallel quest to discover agents capable of either preserving the residual mass of β-cells or inducing their proliferation, transdifferentiation or differentiation from progenitor cells. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Stem cell-based replacement therapies in the mold of islet transplantation are already around the corner, but a permanent cure for type 1 diabetes will likely require the endogenous regeneration of β-cells aided by interventions to restore the immune balance. The promise of current research avenues and a strong pipeline of clinical trials designed to tackle these challenges bode well for the realization of this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Basile
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M M F Qadir
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - F Mauvais-Jarvis
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A Vetere
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Shoba
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - R L Pastori
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - H A Russ
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, Colorado University Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | | | - J Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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13
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Sarnobat D, Charlotte Moffett R, Flatt PR, Irwin N, Tarasov AI. GABA and insulin but not nicotinamide augment α- to β-cell transdifferentiation in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Xie T, Lynn H, Parks WC, Stripp B, Chen P, Jiang D, Noble PW. Abnormal respiratory progenitors in fibrotic lung injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:64. [PMID: 35130980 PMCID: PMC8822870 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and epithelium lineage labeling have yielded identification of multiple abnormal epithelial progenitor populations during alveolar type 2 (ATII) cell differentiation into alveolar type 1 (ATI) cells during regenerative lung post-fibrotic injury. These abnormal cells include basaloid/basal-like cells, ATII transition cells, and persistent epithelial progenitors (PEPs). These cells occurred and accumulated during the regeneration of distal airway and alveoli in response to both chronic and acute pulmonary injury. Among the alveolar epithelial progenitors, PEPs express a distinct Krt8+ phenotype that is rarely found in intact alveoli. However, post-injury, the Krt8+ phenotype is seen in dysplastic epithelial cells. Fully understanding the characteristics and functions of these newly found, injury-induced abnormal behavioral epithelial progenitors and the signaling pathways regulating their phenotype could potentially point the way to unique therapeutic targets for fibrosing lung diseases. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding these epithelial progenitors as they relate to uncovering regenerative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Heather Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William C Parks
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Paget MB, Murray HE, Bailey CJ, Downing R. From insulin injections to islet transplantation: An overview of the journey. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24 Suppl 1:5-16. [PMID: 34431589 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When, in 1869, Paul Langerhans detected the "islands of tissue" in the pancreas, he took the first step on a journey towards islet transplantation as a treatment for type 1 diabetes. The route has embraced developments across biosciences, surgery, gene therapy and clinical research. This review highlights major milestones along that journey involving whole pancreas transplantation, islet transplantation, the creation of surrogate insulin-secreting cells and novel islet-like structures using genetic and bio-engineering technologies. To obviate the paucity of human tissue, pluripotent stem cells and non-β-cells within the pancreas have been modified to create physiologically responsive insulin-secreting cells. Before implantation, these can be co-cultured with endothelial cells to promote vascularisation and with immune defence cells such as placental amnion cells to reduce immune rejection. Scaffolds to contain grafts and facilitate surgical placement provide further opportunities to achieve physiological insulin delivery. Alternatively, xenotransplants such as porcine islets might be reconsidered as opportunities exist to circumvent safety concerns and immune rejection. Thus, despite a long and arduous journey, the prospects for increased use of tissue transplantation to provide physiological insulin replacement are drawing ever closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B Paget
- Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | - Hilary E Murray
- Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
| | | | - Richard Downing
- Islet Research Laboratory, Worcestershire Clinical Research Unit, Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcester, UK
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16
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Xu T, Yu Z, Liu Y, Lu M, Gong M, Li Q, Xia Y, Xu B. Hypoglycemic Effect of Electroacupuncture at ST25 Through Neural Regulation of the Pancreatic Intrinsic Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:703-716. [PMID: 34757591 PMCID: PMC8786791 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is considered to have potential antidiabetic effects; however, the role of the pancreatic intrinsic nervous system (PINS) in EA-induced amelioration of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether EA at ST25 exerts any beneficial effects on insulin resistance (IR), inflammation severity, and pancreatic β cell function via the PINS in a rat model of a high-fat diet-streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced diabetes. To this end, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with HFD to induce IR, followed by STZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) injection to establish the T2DM model. After hyperglycemia was confirmed as fasting glucose level > 16.7 mmol/L, the rats were treated with EA (2 mA, 2/15 Hz) for the next 28 days. Model rats showed increased serum glucose, insulin, IR, and TNF-α levels with a concomitant decrease in β cell function. Microscopy examination of the pancreas revealed pathological changes in islets, which reverted to near-normal levels after EA at ST25. EA improved islet cell morphology by increasing islet area and reducing vacuolation. EA at ST25 decreased transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and increased substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression. Subsequently, insulin secretion decreased and impaired pancreatic endocrine function was restored through the TRPV1 channel (SP/CGRP)-insulin circuit. EA increased choline acetyltransferase and neuropeptide Y expression and controlled inflammation. It also enhanced the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide expression and promoted glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. Additionally, the electrophysiological activity of PINS during acupuncture (2.71 ± 1.72 Hz) was significantly increased compared to the pre-acupuncture frequency (0.32 ± 0.37 Hz, P < 0.05). Thus, our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of EA on β cell dysfunction via the PINS in rat models of HFD-STZ-induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengjiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Meirong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Youbing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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17
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Charles MA, Leslie RD. Diabetes: Concepts of β-Cell Organ Dysfunction and Failure Would Lead to Earlier Diagnoses and Prevention. Diabetes 2021; 70:2444-2456. [PMID: 34711669 PMCID: PMC8564410 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As the world endures a viral pandemic superimposed on a diabetes pandemic, the latter incorporates most of the comorbidities associated with the former, thereby exacerbating risk of death in both. An essential approach to both pandemics is prevention and unrealized earlier treatment. Thus, in this Perspective relating to diabetes, we emphasize a paradigm of, first, reversible β-cell organ dysfunction and then irreversible β-cell organ failure, which directly indicate the potential for earlier prevention, also unrealized in current guidelines. Four pillars support this paradigm: epidemiology, pathophysiology, molecular pathology, and genetics. A substantial worldwide knowledge base defines each pillar and informs a more aggressive preventive approach to most forms of the disorder. This analysis seeks to clarify the temporal and therapeutic relationships between lost β-cell function and content, illuminating the potential for earlier diagnoses and, thus, prevention. We also propose that myriad pathways leading to most forms of diabetes converge at the endoplasmic reticulum, where stress can result in β-cell death and content loss. Finally, genetic and nongenetic origins common to major types of diabetes can inform earlier diagnosis and, potentially, prevention, with the aim of preserving β-cell mass.
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18
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Liu Y, Mu S, Chen W, Liu S, Cong Y, Liu J, Jia N. Saponins of Momordica charantia increase insulin secretion in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2021; 68:329-337. [PMID: 34556263 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are the main bioactive substances with anti-hyperglycemic activities of Momordica charantia. This study aimed to verify the effects of M. charantia saponins on insulin secretion and explore the potential underlying mechanisms in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. We injured INS-1 cells with 33.3mM glucose and then treated them with saponins. Saponins improved cell morphology and viability as demonstrated by inverted microscopy and CCK8 detection and significantly increased insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner as shown by ELISA. Thus, we obtained the optimal concentration for the subsequent experiments. Potential mechanisms were explored by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RT-qPCR techniques. First, saponins increased the mRNA and protein levels of IRS-2 but decreased the serine 731 phosphorylation level of IRS-2. Moreover, saponins increased the phosphorylation of Akt protein and decreased the protein level of FoxO1, which were both reversed by the PI3K inhibitor ly294002. Furthermore, saponins increased the protein level of the downstream molecule and insulin initiating factor PDX-1, which was also reversed by ly294002. Saponins also increased Akt and PDX-1 mRNA and decreased FoxO1 mRNA, which were both reversed by ly294002. Saponins increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and intracellular insulin content, which were reversed by ly294002, as determined by ELISA. The immunofluorescence results also confirmed this tendency. In conclusion, our findings improve our understanding of the function of saponins in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and suggest that saponins may increase insulin secretion via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Liu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shumin Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Jinan, China.
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyin Liu
- First Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuxuan Cong
- Department of Endocrinology, Weihai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Gaotang County, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ning Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Basile G, Kahraman S, Dirice E, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Kulkarni RN. Using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to interrogate transcriptomic profiles of archived human pancreatic islets. Genome Med 2021; 13:128. [PMID: 34376240 PMCID: PMC8356387 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human pancreatic islets are a central focus of research in metabolic studies. Transcriptomics is frequently used to interrogate alterations in cultured human islet cells using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). We introduce single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) as an alternative approach for investigating transplanted human islets. Methods The Nuclei EZ protocol was used to obtain nuclear preparations from fresh and frozen human islet cells. Such preparations were first used to generate snRNA-seq datasets and compared to scRNA-seq output obtained from cells from the same donor. Finally, we employed snRNA-seq to obtain the transcriptomic profile of archived human islets engrafted in immunodeficient animals. Results We observed virtually complete concordance in identifying cell types and gene proportions as well as a strong association of global and islet cell type gene signatures between scRNA-seq and snRNA-seq applied to fresh and frozen cultured or transplanted human islet samples. Conclusions We propose snRNA-seq as a reliable strategy to probe transcriptomic profiles of freshly harvested or frozen sources of transplanted human islet cells especially when scRNA-seq is not ideal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-021-00941-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Current Address: Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Martens S, Coolens K, Van Bulck M, Arsenijevic T, Casamitjana J, Fernandez Ruiz A, El Kaoutari A, Martinez de Villareal J, Madhloum H, Esni F, Heremans Y, Leuckx G, Heimberg H, Bouwens L, Jacquemin P, De Paep DL, In't Veld P, D'Haene N, Bouchart C, Dusetti N, Van Laethem JL, Waelput W, Lefesvre P, Real FX, Rovira M, Rooman I. Discovery and 3D imaging of a novel ΔNp63-expressing basal cell type in human pancreatic ducts with implications in disease. Gut 2021; 71:gutjnl-2020-322874. [PMID: 34330784 PMCID: PMC9484383 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aggressive basal-like molecular subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbours a ΔNp63 (p40) gene expression signature reminiscent of a basal cell type. Distinct from other epithelia with basal tumours, ΔNp63+ basal cells reportedly do not exist in the normal pancreas. DESIGN We evaluated ΔNp63 expression in human pancreas, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and PDAC. We further studied in depth the non-cancerous tissue and developed a three-dimensional (3D) imaging protocol (FLIP-IT, Fluorescence Light sheet microscopic Imaging of Paraffin-embedded or Intact Tissue) to study formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples at single cell resolution. Pertinent mouse models and HPDE cells were analysed. RESULTS In normal human pancreas, rare ΔNp63+ cells exist in ducts while their prevalence increases in CP and in a subset of PDAC. In non-cancer tissue, ΔNp63+ cells are atypical KRT19+ duct cells that overall lack SOX9 expression while they do express canonical basal markers and pertain to a niche of cells expressing gastrointestinal stem cell markers. 3D views show that the basal cells anchor on the basal membrane of normal medium to large ducts while in CP they exist in multilayer dome-like structures. In mice, ΔNp63 is not found in adult pancreas nor in selected models of CP or PDAC, but it is induced in organoids from larger Sox9low ducts. In HPDE, ΔNp63 supports a basal cell phenotype at the expense of a classical duct cell differentiation programme. CONCLUSION In larger human pancreatic ducts, basal cells exist. ΔNp63 suppresses duct cell identity. These cells may play an important role in pancreatic disease, including PDAC ontogeny, but are not present in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrina Martens
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Katarina Coolens
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Mathias Van Bulck
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Arsenijevic
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Hopital Erasme Service de Gastroenterologie d'Hepato-Pancreatologie et d'Oncologie Digestive, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Joan Casamitjana
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, P-CMR[C], Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angel Fernandez Ruiz
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, P-CMR[C], Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Abdessamad El Kaoutari
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille - CRCM, INSERM UMR1068, CRCM, Marseille, France
- COMPO Unit, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Hediel Madhloum
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Farzad Esni
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yves Heremans
- Laboratory of Beta Cell Neogenesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Gunter Leuckx
- Laboratory of Beta Cell Neogenesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Laboratory of Beta Cell Neogenesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Patrick Jacquemin
- Institut de Duve, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Peter In't Veld
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Nicky D'Haene
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Erasme, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Christelle Bouchart
- Department of Radiation-Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille - CRCM, INSERM UMR1068, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Van Laethem
- Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
- Hopital Erasme Service de Gastroenterologie d'Hepato-Pancreatologie et d'Oncologie Digestive, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Wim Waelput
- Department of Pathology, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lefesvre
- Department of Pathology, UZ Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Department of Physiological Science, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Pancreas Regeneration: Pancreatic Progenitors and Their Niche Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, P-CMR[C], Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ilse Rooman
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
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21
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Rodriguez UA, Socorro M, Criscimanna A, Martins CP, Mohamed N, Hu J, Prasadan K, Gittes GK, Esni F. Conversion of α-Cells to β-Cells in the Postpartum Mouse Pancreas Involves Lgr5 Progeny. Diabetes 2021; 70:1508-1518. [PMID: 33906911 PMCID: PMC8336010 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the skin and the gut, where somatic stem cells and their niche are well characterized, a definitive pancreatic multipotent cell population in the adult pancreas has yet to be revealed. Of particular interest is whether such cells may be endogenous in patients with diabetes, and if so, can they be used for therapeutic purposes? In the current study, we used two separate reporter lines to target Cre-recombinase expression to the Lgr5- or glucagon-expressing cells in the pancreas. We provide evidence for the existence of a population of cells within and in the proximity of the ducts that transiently express the stem-cell marker Lgr5 during late gestational stages. Careful timing of tamoxifen treatment in Lgr5EGFP-IRES-CreERT2 ;R26 Tomato mice allowed us to show that these Lgr5-expressing progenitor cells can differentiate into α-cells during pregnancy. Furthermore, we report on a spontaneous lineage conversion of α- to β-cells specifically after parturition. The contribution of Lgr5 progeny to the β-cell compartment through an α-cell intermediate phase early after pregnancy appears to be part of a novel mechanism that would counterbalance against excessive β-cell mass reduction during β-cell involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uylissa A Rodriguez
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mairobys Socorro
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angela Criscimanna
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christina P Martins
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nada Mohamed
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jing Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George K Gittes
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Farzad Esni
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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22
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A new shortened protocol to obtain islet-like cells from hESC-derived ductal cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:587-597. [PMID: 34212340 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for obtaining pancreatic β cells are based on simulating the embryonic development phase of endocrine cells via hierarchical differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Accordingly, we attempted to modify the protocols for obtaining insulin-secreting cells (ISCs) by sequential differentiation of a human embryonic stem cell (hESC), using the HS181 cell line. Furthermore, we hypothesize that actual pancreatic endocrine cells may arise from trans-differentiation of mature ductal cells after the embryonic developmental stage and throughout the rest of life. According to the hypothesis, ductal cells are trans-differentiated into endocrine and exocrine cells, undergoing a partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). To address this issue, we developed two new protocols based on hESC differentiation to obtain ductal cells and then induce EMT in cells to obtain hormone-secreting islet-like cells (HSCs). The ductal (pre-EMT exocrine) cells were then induced to undergo partial EMT by treating with Wnt3a and activin A, in hypoxia. The cell derived from the latter method significantly expressed the main endocrine cell-specific markers and also β cells, in particular. These experiments not only support our hypothetical model but also offer a promising approach to develop new methods to compensate β cell depletion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although this protocol of generating islet-like cells from ductal cells has a potential to treat T1DM, this strategy may be exploited to optimize the function of these cells in an animal model and future clinical applications.
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23
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Maachi H, Ghislain J, Tremblay C, Poitout V. Pronounced proliferation of non-beta cells in response to beta-cell mitogens in isolated human islets of Langerhans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11283. [PMID: 34050242 PMCID: PMC8163757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential to treat diabetes by increasing beta-cell mass is driving a major effort to identify beta-cell mitogens. Demonstration of mitogen activity in human beta cells is frequently performed in ex vivo assays. However, reported disparities in the efficacy of beta-cell mitogens led us to investigate the sources of this variability. We studied 35 male (23) and female (12) human islet batches covering a range of donor ages and BMI. Islets were kept intact or dispersed into single cells and cultured in the presence of harmine, glucose, or heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and subsequently analyzed by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Proliferating cells were identified by double labeling with EdU and Ki67 and glucagon, c-peptide or Nkx6.1, and cytokeratin-19 to respectively label alpha, beta, and ductal cells. Harmine and HB-EGF stimulated human beta-cell proliferation, but the effect of glucose was dependent on the assay and the donor. Harmine potently stimulated alpha-cell proliferation and both harmine and HB-EGF increased proliferation of insulin- and glucagon-negative cells, including cytokeratin 19-positive cells. Given the abundance of non-beta cells in human islet preparations, our results suggest that assessment of beta-cell mitogens requires complementary approaches and rigorous identification of cell identity using multiple markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Maachi
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Caroline Tremblay
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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24
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Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Sancar S, Karatug-Kacar A, Bolkent S. miR-375 induces adipogenesis through targeting Erk1 in pancreatic duct cells under the influence of sodium palmitate. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3881-3895. [PMID: 33107061 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to research long-term saturated fatty acid overexposure that can induce differentiation of pancreatic duct cells into adipocytes and also into β-cells. The important findings can be summarized as follows: (i) adipogenesis and early stage β-cell differentiation were stimulated in duct cells under lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity conditions, (ii) miR-375 expression was upregulated while its target Erk1 was downregulated and miR-375 inhibitor upregulated Erk1 while expression of adipogenesis markers was downregulated in duct cells under both conditions, (iii) apoptosis was induced in β and duct cells under both conditions, (iv) lipotoxicity induced proliferation of co-cultured β-cells. These findings suggest that long-term saturated fatty acid overexposure may cause intrapancreatic fat accumulation by inducing differentiation of duct cells into adipocytes and it may contributes to β-cell compensation by stimulating the early stage of β-cell differentiation in duct cells. In addition, miR-375 may have the potential to be a new target in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, and NAFPD due to its role in the adipogenesis of duct cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Sancar
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Karatug-Kacar
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Bolkent
- Biology Department, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Liu Q, Jiang Y, Zhu L, Qian J, Wang C, Yang T, Prasadan K, Gittes GK, Xiao X. Insulin-positive ductal cells do not migrate into preexisting islets during pregnancy. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:605-614. [PMID: 33820959 PMCID: PMC8102600 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult pancreatic ductal system was suggested to harbor facultative beta-cell progenitors similar to the embryonic pancreas, and the appearance of insulin-positive duct cells has been used as evidence for natural duct-to-beta-cell reprogramming. Nevertheless, the phenotype and fate of these insulin-positive cells in ducts have not been determined. Here, we used a cell-tagging dye, CFDA-SE, to permanently label pancreatic duct cells through an intraductal infusion technique. Representing a time when significant increases in beta-cell mass occur, pregnancy was later induced in these CFDA-SE-treated mice to assess the phenotype and fate of the insulin-positive cells in ducts. We found that a small portion of CFDA-SE-labeled duct cells became insulin-positive, but they were not fully functional beta-cells based on the in vitro glucose response and the expression levels of key beta-cell genes. Moreover, these insulin-positive cells in ducts expressed significantly lower levels of genes associated with extracellular matrix degradation and cell migration, which may thus prevent their budding and migration into preexisting islets. A similar conclusion was reached through analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus database for both mice and humans. Together, our data suggest that the contribution of duct cells to normal beta-cells in adult islets is minimal at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.,Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Yinan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
| | - Jieqi Qian
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chaoban Wang
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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26
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Vakilian M, Ghaedi K. A new hypothetical model for pancreatic development based on change in the cell division orientation. Gene 2021; 785:145607. [PMID: 33775847 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although lifelong renewal and additional compensatory growth in response to demand are undeniable facts, so far, no specific stem cells have been found for pancreatic cells. According to the consensus model, the development of pancreas results from the hierarchical differentiation of pluripotent stem cells towards the appearance of the first endocrine and exocrine cells at approximately 7.5 to 8th gestation week (GW) of human embryo. However, the primitive endocrine cells arising from the embryonic phase of development do not appear to be mature or fully functional. Asymmetric localization of cellular components, such as Numb, partition protein complexes (PAR), planar cell polarity components, and certain mRNAs on the apical and basal sides of epithelial cells, causes cellular polarization. According to our model, the equal distribution of cellular components during symmetric cell division yields similar daughter cells that are associated with duct expansion. In contrast, asymmetric cell division is associated with uneven distribution of cellular components among daughter cells, resulting in different fates. Asymmetric cell division leads to duct branching and the development of acinar and stellate cells by a daughter cell, as well as the development of islet progenitor cells through partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and delamination of another daughter cell. Recently, we have developed an efficient method to obtain insulin-secreting cells from the transdifferentiation of hESC-derived ductal cells inducing a partial EMT by treatment with Wnt3A and activin A in a hypoxic environment. Similar models can be offered for other tissues and organs such as mammary glands, lungs, prostate, liver, etc. This model may open a new horizon in the field of regenerative medicine and be useful in explaining the cause of certain abnormalities, such as the occurrence of certain cysts and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Vakilian
- Department of Cell Regeneration and Advanced Therapies, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga (UMA), The Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Sq., Isfahan, Iran.
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27
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Oakie A, Nostro MC. Harnessing Proliferation for the Expansion of Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Cells: Advantages and Limitations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636182. [PMID: 33716986 PMCID: PMC7947602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring the number of glucose-responsive β-cells in patients living with diabetes is critical for achieving normoglycemia since functional β-cells are lost during the progression of both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Stem cell-derived β-cell replacement therapies offer an unprecedented opportunity to replace the lost β-cell mass, yet differentiation efficiencies and the final yield of insulin-expressing β-like cells are low when using established protocols. Driving cellular proliferation at targeted points during stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor to β-like cell differentiation can serve as unique means to expand the final cell therapeutic product needed to restore insulin levels. Numerous studies have examined the effects of β-cell replication upon functionality, using primary islets in vitro and mouse models in vivo, yet studies that focus on proliferation in stem cell-derived pancreatic models are only just emerging in the field. This mini review will discuss the current literature on cell proliferation in pancreatic cells, with a focus on the proliferative state of stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitors and β-like cells during their differentiation and maturation. The benefits of inducing proliferation to increase the final number of β-like cells will be compared against limitations associated with driving replication, such as the blunted capacity of proliferating β-like cells to maintain optimal β-cell function. Potential strategies that may bypass the challenges induced by the up-regulation of cell cycle-associated factors during β-cell differentiation will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Oakie
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Cristina Nostro
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Moin ASM, Zeng K, Rizza RA, Dhawan S, Butler AE. Chromogranin A-positive hormone-negative endocrine cells in pancreas in human pregnancy. ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM 2021; 4:e00223. [PMID: 33855223 PMCID: PMC8029563 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We sought to determine whether chromogranin A‐positive hormone‐negative (CPHN) endocrine cells are increased in the pancreas of pregnant women, offering potential evidence in support of neogenesis. Methods Autopsy pancreata from pregnant women (n = 14) and age‐matched non‐pregnant control women (n = 9) were obtained. Staining of pancreatic sections for chromogranin A, insulin and a cocktail of glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin was undertaken, with subsequent evaluation for CPHN cell frequency. Results The frequency of clustered β‐cells was increased in pregnant compared to non‐pregnant subjects (46.6 ± 5.0 vs. 31.8 ± 5.0% clustered β‐cells of total clustered endocrine cells, pregnant vs. non‐pregnant, p < .05). Frequency of endocrine cocktail cells was lower in pregnant women than non‐pregnant women (36.2 ± 4.0 vs. 57.0 ± 6.8% clustered endocrine cocktail cells of total clustered endocrine cells, pregnant vs. non‐pregnant, p < .01). No difference in frequency of CPHN cells was found in islets, nor in clustered or single cells scattered throughout the exocrine pancreas, between pregnant and non‐pregnant women. The frequency of CPHN cells in pregnancy was independent of the number of pregnancies (gravidity). Conclusions Our findings of no increase in CPHN cell frequency in pancreas of pregnant women suggest that this potential β‐cell regenerative mechanism is not that by which the increased β‐cell mass of pregnancy is achieved. However, an increase in the percentage of clustered β‐cells was found in pregnancy, with decreased frequency of other endocrine cells in clusters, suggesting a compensatory shift from other pancreatic endocrine cell types to β‐cells as a mechanism to meet the increased insulin demands of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC) Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI) Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) Qatar Foundation (QF) Doha Qatar
| | - Kylie Zeng
- Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Robert A Rizza
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA
| | - Sangeeta Dhawan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute City of Hope Duarte CA USA
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center (DRC) Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI) Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU) Qatar Foundation (QF) Doha Qatar
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29
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Saponins of Momordica charantia increase insulin secretion in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:329-337. [PMID: 33069631 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saponins are the main bioactive substances with anti-hyperglycemic activities of Momordica charantia. This study aimed to verify the effects of M. charantia saponins on insulin secretion and explore the potential underlying mechanisms in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells. We injured INS-1 cells with 33.3mM glucose and then treated them with saponins. Saponins improved cell morphology and viability as demonstrated by inverted microscopy and CCK8 detection and significantly increased insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner as shown by ELISA. Thus, we obtained the optimal concentration for the subsequent experiments. Potential mechanisms were explored by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RT-qPCR techniques. First, saponins increased the mRNA and protein levels of IRS-2 but decreased the serine 731 phosphorylation level of IRS-2. Moreover, saponins increased the phosphorylation of Akt protein and decreased the protein level of FoxO1, which were both reversed by the PI3K inhibitor ly294002. Furthermore, saponins increased the protein level of the downstream molecule and insulin initiating factor PDX-1, which was also reversed by ly294002. Saponins also increased Akt and PDX-1 mRNA and decreased FoxO1 mRNA, which were both reversed by ly294002. Saponins increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and intracellular insulin content, which were reversed by ly294002, as determined by ELISA. The immunofluorescence results also confirmed this tendency. In conclusion, our findings improve our understanding of the function of saponins in INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and suggest that saponins may increase insulin secretion via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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30
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Guo J, Fu W. Immune regulation of islet homeostasis and adaptation. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:764-774. [PMID: 32236479 PMCID: PMC7816675 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The islet of Langerhans produces endocrine hormones to regulate glucose homeostasis. The normal function of the islet relies on the homeostatic regulations of cellular composition and cell–cell interactions within the islet microenvironment. Immune cells populate the islet during embryonic development and participate in islet organogenesis and function. In obesity, a low-grade inflammation manifests in multiple organs, including pancreatic islets. Obesity-associated islet inflammation is evident in both animal models and humans, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells and elevated production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and metabolic mediators. Myeloid lineage cells (monocytes and macrophages) are the dominant types of immune cells in islet inflammation during the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this review, we will discuss the role of the immune system in islet homeostasis and inflammation and summarize recent findings of the cellular and molecular factors that alter islet microenvironment and β cell function in obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wenxian Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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31
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Borçari NR, dos Santos JF, Reigado GR, Freitas BL, Araújo MDS, Nunes VA. Vitamins Modulate the Expression of Antioxidant Genes in Progesterone-Treated Pancreatic β Cells: Perspectives for Gestational Diabetes Management. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8745120. [PMID: 33014046 PMCID: PMC7512066 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8745120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes (GD) is a condition defined as carbohydrate intolerance and hyperglycemia beginning in the second trimester of pregnancy, which overlaps with the progesterone exponential increase. Progesterone has been shown to cause pancreatic β-cell death by a mechanism dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Herein, we studied the effect of this hormone on the expression of 84 genes related to oxidative stress and oxidant defense in pancreatic RINm5F cell lineage. Cells were incubated with 0.1, 1.0, or 100 μM progesterone for 6 or 24 h, in the presence or absence of the vitamins E and C. Among the investigated genes, five of them had their expression increased, at least 2-fold, in two different concentrations independently of the time of incubation, or at the same concentration at the different time points, including those that encode for stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), dual oxidase 1 (Duox1), glutathione peroxidase 6 (GPx6), heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), and heat shock protein a1a (Hspa1a). Vitamins E and C were able to increase, in progesterone-treated cells, the expression of genes with antioxidant function such as Hmox1, but decreased Scd1 expression, a gene with prooxidant function. At cytoplasmic level, progesterone positively modulated Hmox1 and Hspa1a content. These results suggest that the protein encoded by these genes might protect cells against progesterone induced-oxidative damage, opening perspectives to elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in progesterone action in GD, as well as for the development of antioxidant strategies for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Viviane Abreu Nunes
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Brovkina O, Dashinimaev E. Advances and complications of regenerative medicine in diabetes therapy. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9746. [PMID: 33194345 PMCID: PMC7485501 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of technologies in regenerative medicine indicates clearly that their common application is not a matter of if, but of when. However, the regeneration of beta-cells for diabetes patients remains a complex challenge due to the plurality of related problems. Indeed, the generation of beta-cells masses expressing marker genes is only a first step, with maintaining permanent insulin secretion, their protection from the immune system and avoiding pathological modifications in the genome being the necessary next developments. The prospects of regenerative medicine in diabetes therapy were promoted by the emergence of promising results with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Their pluripotency and proliferation in an undifferentiated state during culture have ensured the success of ESCs in regenerative medicine. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the patients’ own mesenchymal cells has provided further hope for diabetes treatment. Nonetheless, the use of stem cells has significant limitations related to the pluripotent stage, such as the risk of development of teratomas. Thus, the direct conversion of mature cells into beta-cells could address this issue. Recent studies have shown the possibility of such transdifferentiation and have set trends for regeneration medicine, directed at minimizing genome modifications and invasive procedures. In this review, we will discuss the published results of beta-cell regeneration and the advantages and disadvantages illustrated by these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Brovkina
- Federal Research Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Health Care and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical and Biology Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Erdem Dashinimaev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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De Jesus DF, Orime K, Kaminska D, Kimura T, Basile G, Wang CH, Haertle L, Riemens R, Brown NK, Hu J, Männistö V, Silva AM, Dirice E, Tseng YH, Haaf T, Pihlajamäki J, Kulkarni RN. Parental metabolic syndrome epigenetically reprograms offspring hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2391-2407. [PMID: 32250344 PMCID: PMC7190992 DOI: 10.1172/jci127502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Although gene-environment interactions have been implicated in the etiology of several disorders, the impact of paternal and/or maternal metabolic syndrome on the clinical phenotypes of offspring and the underlying genetic and epigenetic contributors of NAFLD have not been fully explored. To this end, we used the liver-specific insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mouse, a unique nondietary model manifesting 3 hallmarks that confer high risk for the development of NAFLD: hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. We report that parental metabolic syndrome epigenetically reprograms members of the TGF-β family, including neuronal regeneration-related protein (NREP) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). NREP and GDF15 modulate the expression of several genes involved in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. In particular, NREP downregulation increases the protein abundance of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) in a TGF-β receptor/PI3K/protein kinase B-dependent manner, to regulate hepatic acetyl-CoA and cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic expression of NREP in patients with NAFLD and substantial correlations between low serum NREP levels and the presence of steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis highlight the clinical translational relevance of our findings in the context of recent preclinical trials implicating ACLY in NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kazuki Orime
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dorota Kaminska
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Larissa Haertle
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Renzo Riemens
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalie K. Brown
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, and
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are often accompanied by mostly mild forms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Despite high prevalence, little is known about the clinical consequences of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and its optimal (nutritional) treatment. Even less is known if and to what extent exocrine pancreas insufficiency also affects glycemic control in diabetes. This article aims for summarizing current clinical knowledge on screening, diagnosis, and treatment and gives an overview on the pathophysiology of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies reveal novel insights into the close interaction of acinar, ductal, and endocrine cells and the gut-pancreas axis. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency is a clinically relevant, frequent but poorly understood disorder in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Radlinger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Ramoser
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Kaser
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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35
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Zheng J, Alves-Wagner AB, Stanford KI, Prince NB, So K, Mul JD, Dirice E, Hirshman MF, Kulkarni RN, Goodyear LJ. Maternal and paternal exercise regulate offspring metabolic health and beta cell phenotype. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000890. [PMID: 32111717 PMCID: PMC7050345 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor maternal and paternal environments increase the risk for obesity and diabetes in offspring, whereas maternal and paternal exercise in mice can improve offspring metabolic health. We determined the effects of combined maternal and paternal exercise on offspring health and the effects of parental exercise on offspring pancreas phenotype, a major tissue regulating glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Breeders were high fat fed and housed±running wheels before breeding (males) and before and during gestation (females). Offspring groups were: both parents sedentary (Sed); maternal exercise only (Mat Ex); paternal exercise only (Pat Ex); and maternal+paternal exercise (Mat+Pat Ex). Offspring were sedentary, chow fed, and studied at weaning, 12, 20 and 52 weeks. RESULTS While there was no effect of parental exercise on glucose tolerance at younger ages, at 52 weeks, offspring of Mat Ex, Pat Ex and Mat+Pat Ex displayed lower glycemia and improved glucose tolerance. The greatest effects were in offspring from parents that both exercised (Mat+Pat Ex). Offspring from Mat Ex, Pat Ex, and Mat+Pat Ex had decreased beta cell size, whereas islet size and beta cell mass only decreased in Mat+Pat Ex offspring. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and paternal exercise have additive effects to improve glucose tolerance in offspring as they age, accompanied by changes in the offspring endocrine pancreas. These findings have important implications for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Barbara Alves-Wagner
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noah B Prince
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kawai So
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joram D Mul
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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36
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López–Noriega L, Rutter GA. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Key Modulators of Pancreatic β-Cell Mass and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:610213. [PMID: 33628198 PMCID: PMC7897662 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.610213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have sought to decipher the genetic and other mechanisms contributing to β-cell loss and dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. However, we have yet to fully understand the etiology of the disease or to develop satisfactory treatments. Since the majority of diabetes susceptibility loci are mapped to non-coding regions within the genome, understanding the functions of non-coding RNAs in β-cell biology might provide crucial insights into the pathogenesis of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. During the past decade, numerous studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs play important roles in the maintenance of β-cell mass and function. Indeed, lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in controlling β-cell proliferation during development and/or β-cell compensation in response to hyperglycaemia. LncRNAs such as TUG-1 and MEG3 play a role in both β-cell apoptosis and function, while others sensitize β-cells to apoptosis in response to stress signals. In addition, several long non-coding RNAs have been shown to regulate the expression of β-cell-enriched transcription factors in cis or in trans. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of lncRNAs in maintaining β-function and mass, and discuss their relevance in the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia López–Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Guy A. Rutter,
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37
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Abstract
Diabetes is a major worldwide health problem which results from the loss and/or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Therefore, there is great interest in understanding the endogenous capacity of β cells to regenerate under normal or pathological conditions, with the goal of restoring functional β cell mass in patients with diabetes. Here, we summarize the current status of β cell regeneration research, which has been broadly divided into three in vivo mechanisms: 1. proliferation of existing β cells; 2. neogenesis of β cells from adult ductal progenitors; and 3. transdifferentiation of other cell types into β cells. We discuss the evidence and controversies for each mechanism in mice and humans, as well as the prospect of using these approaches for the treatment of diabetes.
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38
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by regulating the release of insulin in response to minute by minute alterations in metabolic demand. As such, β-cells are staunchly resilient but there are circumstances where they can become functionally compromised or physically lost due to pathophysiological changes which culminate in overt hyperglycemia and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS In humans, β-cell mass appears to be largely defined in the postnatal period and this early replicative and generative phase is followed by a refractory state which persists throughout life. Despite this, efforts to identify physiological and pharmacological factors which might re-initiate β-cell replication (or cause the replenishment of β-cells by neogenesis or transdifferentiation) are beginning to bear fruit. Controlled manipulation of β-cell mass in humans still represents a holy grail for therapeutic intervention in diabetes, but progress is being made which may lead to ultimate success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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