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López-Carrasco A, Vieco-Martí I, Granados-Aparici S, Acevedo-León D, Estañ-Capell N, Portugal R, Huerta-Aragonés J, Cañete A, Navarro S, Noguera R. Vitronectin Levels in the Plasma of Neuroblastoma Patients and Culture Media of 3D Models: A Prognostic Circulating Biomarker? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8733. [PMID: 39201421 PMCID: PMC11354570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin is a glycoprotein present in plasma and the extracellular matrix that is implicated in cell migration. The high amount of vitronectin found in neuroblastoma biopsies has been associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, increased vitronectin levels have been described in the plasma of patients with different cancers. Our aim was to assess vitronectin as a potential circulating biomarker of neuroblastoma prognosis. Vitronectin concentration was quantified using ELISA in culture media of four neuroblastoma cell lines grown in a monolayer and in 3D models, and in the plasma of 114 neuroblastoma patients. Three of the neuroblastoma cell lines secreted vitronectin to culture media when cultured in a monolayer and 3D models. Vitronectin release was higher by neuroblastoma cells cultured in 3D models than in the monolayer and was still elevated when cells were grown in 3D scaffolds with cross-linked vitronectin. Vitronectin secretion occurred independently of cell numbers in cultures. Its concentration in the plasma of neuroblastoma patients ranged between 52.4 and 870 µg/mL (median, 218 µg/mL). A ROC curve was used to establish a cutoff of 361 µg/mL, above which patients over 18 months old had worse prognosis (p = 0.0018). Vitronectin could be considered a new plasma prognostic biomarker in neuroblastoma and warrants confirmation in collaborative studies. Drugs inhibiting vitronectin interactions with cells and/or the extracellular matrix could represent a significant improvement in survival for neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo López-Carrasco
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Vieco-Martí
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Granados-Aparici
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Adela Cañete
- Politechnic and University Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Incliva Biomedical Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (A.L.-C.); (S.G.-A.); (S.N.)
- CIBER of Cancer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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2
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Pachane BC, Selistre-de-Araujo HS. The Role of αvβ3 Integrin in Cancer Therapy Resistance. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1163. [PMID: 38927370 PMCID: PMC11200931 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A relevant challenge for the treatment of patients with neoplasia is the development of resistance to chemo-, immune-, and radiotherapies. Although the causes of therapy resistance are poorly understood, evidence suggests it relies on compensatory mechanisms that cells develop to replace specific intracellular signaling that should be inactive after pharmacological inhibition. One such mechanism involves integrins, membrane receptors that connect cells to the extracellular matrix and have a crucial role in cell migration. The blockage of one specific type of integrin is frequently compensated by the overexpression of another integrin dimer, generally supporting cell adhesion and migration. In particular, integrin αvβ3 is a key receptor involved in tumor resistance to treatments with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and radiotherapy; however, the specific inhibition of the αvβ3 integrin is not enough to avoid tumor relapse. Here, we review the role of integrin αvβ3 in tumor resistance to therapy and the mechanisms that have been proposed thus far. Despite our focus on the αvβ3 integrin, it is important to note that other integrins have also been implicated in drug resistance and that the collaborative action between these receptors should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Cruz Pachane
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Heloisa S. Selistre-de-Araujo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
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3
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Zambra M, Ranđelović I, Talarico F, Borbély A, Svajda L, Tóvári J, Mező G, Bodero L, Colombo S, Arrigoni F, Fasola E, Gazzola S, Piarulli U. Optimizing the enzymatic release of MMAE from isoDGR-based small molecule drug conjugate by incorporation of a GPLG-PABC enzymatically cleavable linker. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1215694. [PMID: 37492088 PMCID: PMC10363981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1215694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Small Molecule-Drug Conjugates (SMDCs) represent successful examples of targeted drug-delivery technologies for overcoming unwanted side effects of conventional chemotherapy in cancer treatment. In both strategies, a cytotoxic payload is connected to the tumor homing moiety through a linker that releases the drug inside or in proximity of the tumor cell, and that represents a key component for the final therapeutic effect of the conjugate. Here, we show that the replacement of the Val-Ala-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate linker with the Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-p-aminobenzyloxycarbamate (GPLG-PABC) sequence as enzymatically cleavable linker in the SMDC bearing the cyclo[DKP-isoDGR] αVβ3 integrin ligand as tumor homing moiety and the monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as cytotoxic payload led to a 4-fold more potent anti-tumoral effect of the final conjugate on different cancer cell lines. In addition, the synthesized conjugate resulted to be significantly more potent than the free MMAE when tested following the "kiss-and-run" protocol, and the relative potency were clearly consistent with the expression of the αVβ3 integrin receptor in the considered cancer cell lines. In vitro enzymatic cleavage tests showed that the GPLG-PABC linker is cleaved by lysosomal enzymes, and that the released drug is observable already after 15 min of incubation. Although additional data are needed to fully characterize the releasing capacity of GPLG-PABC linker, our findings are of therapeutic significance since we are introducing an alternative to other well-established enzymatically sensitive peptide sequences that might be used in the future for generating more efficient and less toxic drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zambra
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Ivan Ranđelović
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco Talarico
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group and Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laura Svajda
- KINETO Lab Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Pathological Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- The National Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mező
- ELKH-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Sveva Colombo
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
- Department of Chemistry Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Federico Arrigoni
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Elettra Fasola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzola
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Umberto Piarulli
- Science and High Technology Department, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
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4
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Chang M, Gao F, Pontigon D, Gnawali G, Xu H, Wang W. Bioorthogonal PROTAC Prodrugs Enabled by On-Target Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:14155-14163. [PMID: 37327395 PMCID: PMC11249063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have become promising therapeutic modalities, important concerns exist about the potential toxicity of the approach owing to uncontrolled degradation of proteins and undesirable ligase-mediated off-target effects. Precision manipulation of degradation activity of PROTACs could minimize potential toxicity and side effects. As a result, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing cancer biomarker activating prodrugs of PROTACs. In this investigation, we developed a bioorthogonal on-demand prodrug strategy (termed click-release "crPROTACs") that enables on-target activation of PROTAC prodrugs and release of PROTACs in cancer cells selectively. Inactive PROTAC prodrugs TCO-ARV-771 and TCO-DT2216 are rationally designed by conjugating a bioorthogonal trans-cyclooctenes (TCO) group into the ligand of the VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase. The tetrazine (Tz)-modified RGD peptide, c(RGDyK)-Tz, which targets integrin αvβ3 biomarker in cancer cells, serves as the activation component for click-release of the PROTAC prodrugs to achieve targeted degradation of proteins of interest (POIs) in cancer cells versus noncancerous normal cells. The results of studies accessing the viability of this strategy show that the PROTAC prodrugs are selectively activated in an integrin αvβ3-dependent manner to produce PROTACs, which degrade POIs in cancer cells. The crPROTAC strategy might be a general, abiotic approach to induce selective cancer cell death through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Devin Pontigon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Giri Gnawali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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5
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Echavidre W, Picco V, Faraggi M, Montemagno C. Integrin-αvβ3 as a Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma: Back to the Future? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051053. [PMID: 35631639 PMCID: PMC9144720 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, is associated with a dismal prognosis. Standard therapies including maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy remain poorly efficient. Improving GBM treatment modalities is, therefore, a paramount challenge for researchers and clinicians. GBMs exhibit the hallmark feature of aggressive invasion into the surrounding tissue. Among cell surface receptors involved in this process, members of the integrin family are known to be key actors of GBM invasion. Upregulation of integrins was reported in both tumor and stromal cells, making them a suitable target for innovative therapies targeting integrins in GBM patients, as their impairment disrupts tumor cell proliferation and invasive capacities. Among them, integrin-αvβ3 expression correlates with high-grade GBM. Driven by a plethora of preclinical biological studies, antagonists of αvβ3 rapidly became attractive therapeutic candidates to impair GBM tumorigenesis. In this perspective, the advent of nuclear medicine is currently one of the greatest components of the theranostic concept in both preclinical and clinical research fields. In this review, we provided an overview of αvβ3 expression in GBM to emphasize the therapeutic agents developed. Advanced current and future developments in the theranostic field targeting αvβ3 are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Echavidre
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (C.M.)
| | - Vincent Picco
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +377-97-77-44-15
| | - Marc Faraggi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, 98000 Monaco, Monaco;
| | - Christopher Montemagno
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (W.E.); (C.M.)
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Université Cote d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
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6
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Li Z, Lu J, Tang B, Shi Y, Hai L, Guo L, Wu Y. Triple branched RGD modification on liposomes: A prospective strategy to enhance the glioma targeting efficiency. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116704. [PMID: 35286953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioma, as one of the most common primary intracranial tumors, is in an urgent need for specific targeting agents. Multi-branched RGD ligand is a promising alternative for liposome functionalization which combines the benefits of high affinity with αvβ3 receptors and proper branching structure in response to the receptor clustering. Herein, we designed and synthesized single branched, double branched and triple branched RGD ligand (1RGD-Chol, 2RGD-Chol and 3RGD-Chol) respectively, which were then modified on the liposomes to prepare six different kinds of liposomes (including 1RGD-Lip, 2RGD-Lip, 3RGD-Lip, 2 × 1RGD-Lip, 3 × 1RGD-Lip and unmodified Lip). Subsequently, a series of assays were conducted. The results exhibited that the liposome decorated with 3RGD-Chol ligand possessed superior cellular internalization ability in C6 cells and bEnd.3 cells, suggesting the strongest ability of 3RGD-Lip to target the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and glioma cells. Besides, both the cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic assays revealed that PTX-3RGD-Lip had the strongest ability to inhibit the survival of C6 cells. Moreover, the enrichment of liposomes at tumor site was 3RGD-Lip > 3 × 1RGD-Lip ≈ 2RGD-Lip ≈ 2 × 1RGD-Lip > 1RGD-Lip > Lip according to the in vivo imaging of C6-bearing mice, which was consistent with the result of in vitro targeting experiments. To sum up, the targeting efficiency of liposomes can be strongly promoted by improving the amount of targeting molecules, whereas the branching structure and spatial distance of RGD residues also accounted for the affinity between liposomes and αvβ3 receptors. Collectively, PTX-3RGD-Lip would be a prospective strategy in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baolan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou 434000, China
| | - Yuesen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Hai
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Quader S, Kataoka K, Cabral H. Nanomedicine for brain cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114115. [PMID: 35077821 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CNS tumors remain among the deadliest forms of cancer, resisting conventional and new treatment approaches, with mortality rates staying practically unchanged over the past 30 years. One of the primary hurdles for treating these cancers is delivering drugs to the brain tumor site in therapeutic concentration, evading the blood-brain (tumor) barrier (BBB/BBTB). Supramolecular nanomedicines (NMs) are increasingly demonstrating noteworthy prospects for addressing these challenges utilizing their unique characteristics, such as improving the bioavailability of the payloadsviacontrolled pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, BBB/BBTB crossing functions, superior distribution in the brain tumor site, and tumor-specific drug activation profiles. Here, we review NM-based brain tumor targeting approaches to demonstrate their applicability and translation potential from different perspectives. To this end, we provide a general overview of brain tumor and their treatments, the incidence of the BBB and BBTB, and their role on NM targeting, as well as the potential of NMs for promoting superior therapeutic effects. Additionally, we discuss critical issues of NMs and their clinical trials, aiming to bolster the potential clinical applications of NMs in treating these life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Quader
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 212-0821, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 212-0821, Japan.
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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8
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McCutcheon S, Spray DC. Glioblastoma-Astrocyte Connexin 43 Gap Junctions Promote Tumor Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:319-331. [PMID: 34654721 PMCID: PMC8816813 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), classified as World Health Organization grade IV astrocytoma, is the deadliest adult cancer of the central nervous system. An important contributing factor to poor survival rates in GBM is extensive invasion, which decreases the efficacy of resection and subsequent adjuvant therapies. These treatments could be markedly improved with increased resolution of the genetic and molecular initiators and effectors of invasion. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is the principal astrocytic gap junction (GJ) protein. Despite the heterogeneity of GBM, a subpopulation of cells in almost all GBM tumors express Cx43. Functional GJs between GBM cells and astrocytes at the tumor edge are of critical interest for understanding invasion. In this study, we find that both in vitro and in ex vivo slice cultures, GBM is substantially less invasive when placed in a Cx43-deficient astrocyte environment. Furthermore, when Cx43 is deleted in GBM, the invasive phenotype is recovered. These data strongly suggest that there are opposing roles for Cx43 in GBM migration. We find that Cx43 is localized to the tumor edge in our ex vivo model, suggesting that GBM-astrocyte GJ communication at the tumor border is a driving force for invasion. Finally, we find that by a Cx43-dependent mechanism, but likely not direct channel-mediated diffusion, miRNAs associated with cell-matrix adhesion are transferred from GBM to astrocytes and miR-19b promotes invasion, revealing a role for post-transcriptional manipulation of astrocytes in fostering an invasion-permissive peritumoral niche. IMPLICATIONS: Cx43-mediated communication, specifically miRNA transfer, profoundly impacts glioblastoma invasion and may enable further therapeutic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McCutcheon
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - David C Spray
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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9
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Tumor Cell Infiltration into the Brain in Glioblastoma: From Mechanisms to Clinical Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020443. [PMID: 35053605 PMCID: PMC8773542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor, defined by its highly aggressive nature. Despite the advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques, and the development of novel therapies in the last decade, the prognosis for glioblastoma is still extremely poor. One major factor for the failure of existing therapeutic approaches is the highly invasive nature of glioblastomas. The extreme infiltrating capacity of tumor cells into the brain parenchyma makes complete surgical removal difficult; glioblastomas almost inevitably recur in a more therapy-resistant state, sometimes at distant sites in the brain. Therefore, there are major efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning glioblastoma invasion; however, there is no approved therapy directed against the invasive phenotype as of now. Here, we review the major molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma cell invasion, including the routes followed by glioblastoma cells, the interaction of tumor cells within the brain environment and the extracellular matrix components, and the roles of tumor cell adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling. We also include a perspective of high-throughput approaches utilized to discover novel players for invasion and clinical targeting of invasive glioblastoma cells.
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10
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Aggarwal N, Deerhake ME, DiPalma D, Shahi SK, Gaggioli MR, Mangalam AK, Shinohara ML. Secreted osteopontin from CD4 + T cells limits acute graft-versus-host disease. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110170. [PMID: 34965439 PMCID: PMC8759344 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) has been considered a potential biomarker of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, the function of OPN in GVHD is still elusive. Using a mouse model of acute GVHD (aGVHD), we report that OPN generated by CD4+ T cells is sufficient to exert a beneficial effect in controlling aGVHD through limiting gastrointestinal pathology, a major target organ of aGVHD. CD4+ T cell-derived OPN works on CD44 expressed in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and abates cell death of IECs. OPN also modulates gut microbiota with enhanced health-associated commensal bacteria Akkermansia. Importantly, we use our in vivo mouse mutant model to specifically express OPN isoforms and demonstrate that secreted OPN (sOPN), not intracellular OPN (iOPN), is solely responsible for the protective role of OPN. This study demonstrates that sOPN generated by CD4+ T cells is potent enough to limit aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Aggarwal
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Devon DiPalma
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shailesh K Shahi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Margaret R Gaggioli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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11
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Weber P, Dzuricky M, Min J, Jenkins I, Chilkoti A. Concentration-Independent Multivalent Targeting of Cancer Cells by Genetically Encoded Core-Crosslinked Elastin/Resilin-like Polypeptide Micelles. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4347-4356. [PMID: 34477380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Valency is a fundamental principle to control macromolecular interactions and is used to target specific cell types by multivalent ligand-receptor interactions using self-assembled nanoparticle carriers. At the concentrations encountered in solid tumors upon systemic administration, these nanoparticles are, however, likely to show critical micelle concentration (CMC)-dependent disassembly and thus loss of function. To overcome this limitation, core-crosslinkable micelles of genetically encoded resilin-/elastin-like diblock polypeptides were recombinantly synthesized. The amphiphilic constructs were covalently photo-crosslinked through the genetically encoded unnatural amino acid para-azidophenylalanine in their hydrophobic block and they carried different anticancer ligands on their hydrophilic block: the wild-type tenth human fibronectin type III domain, a GRGDSPAS peptide-both targeting αvβ3 integrin-and an engineered variant of the third fibronectin type III domain of tenascin C that is a death receptor 5 agonist. Although uncrosslinked micelles lost most of their targeting ability below their CMC, the crosslinked analogues remained active at concentrations up to 1000-fold lower than the CMC, with binding affinities that are comparable to antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Weber
- Tissue Engineering & Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dzuricky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Junseon Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Irene Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr., Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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12
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Expression Analysis of α5 Integrin Subunit Reveals Its Upregulation as a Negative Prognostic Biomarker for Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090882. [PMID: 34577582 PMCID: PMC8465081 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin α5β1 was suggested to be involved in glioblastoma (GBM) aggressiveness and treatment resistance through preclinical studies and genomic analysis in patients. However, further protein expression data are still required to confirm this hypothesis. In the present study, we investigated by immunofluorescence the expression of integrin α5 and its prognostic impact in a glioblastoma series of patients scheduled to undergo the Stupp protocol as first-line treatment for GBM. The integrin α5 protein expression level was estimated in each tumor by the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) and allowed us to identify two subpopulations showing either a high or low expression level. The distribution of patients in both subpopulations was not significantly different according to age, gender, recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) prognostic score, molecular markers or surgical and medical treatment. A high integrin α5 protein expression level was associated with a high risk of recurrence (HR = 1.696, 95% CI 1.031-2.792, p = 0.0377) and reduced overall survival (OS), even more significant in patients who completed the Stupp protocol (median OS: 15.6 vs. 22.8 months; HR = 2.324; 95% CI 1.168-4.621, p = 0.0162). In multivariate analysis, a high integrin α5 protein expression level was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor in the subpopulation of patients who completed the temozolomide-based first-line treatment for predicting OS over age, extent of surgery, RPA score and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation (p = 0.029). In summary, for the first time, our study validates that a high integrin α5 protein expression level is associated with poor prognosis in GBM and confirms its potential as a therapeutic target implicated in the Stupp protocol resistance.
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13
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Saini A, Singh J, Kumar S. Optically superior fluorescent probes for selective imaging of cells, tumors, and reactive chemical species. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5208-5236. [PMID: 34037048 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00509j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemical probes have become powerful tools to study biological events in living cells. They provide a great opportunity to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the physiological and biochemical properties of living cells in real time. The ability of researchers to manipulate these probes for a desired specific purpose has turned many heads in the scientific community. Despite a slow start, fluorescent probe research has seen exponential growth over the last decade in the world. This change required some adventurous and creative scientists from different fields-like biology, medicine, and chemistry-to come together to facilitate the constant expansion of this field. This review article introduces some fundamental concepts related to fluorescent probe designing and development. It also summarizes various fluorescent probes with superior optical properties used in fields like cell biology, cellular imaging, medical research, and cancer diagnosis. It is hoped that this article will encourage more young and creative scientists to contribute their talents to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Jyoti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India.
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14
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Ghantasala S, Pai MGJ, Biswas D, Gahoi N, Mukherjee S, KP M, Nissa MU, Srivastava A, Epari S, Shetty P, Moiyadi A, Srivastava S. Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Based Targeted Assays for the Validation of Protein Biomarkers in Brain Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:548243. [PMID: 34055594 PMCID: PMC8162214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.548243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of omics technologies over the last decade has helped in advancement of research and our understanding of complex diseases like brain cancers. However, barring genomics, no other omics technology has been able to find utility in clinical settings. The recent advancements in mass spectrometry instrumentation have resulted in proteomics technologies becoming more sensitive and reliable. Targeted proteomics, a relatively new branch of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has shown immense potential in addressing the shortcomings of the standard molecular biology-based techniques like Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. In this study we demonstrate the utility of Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), a targeted proteomics approach, in quantifying peptides from proteins like Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), Apolipoprotein E (APOE), Prostaglandin H2 D-Isomerase (PTGDS), Vitronectin (VTN) and Complement C3 (C3) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected from Glioma and Meningioma patients. Additionally, we also report transitions for peptides from proteins - Vimentin (VIM), Cystatin-C (CST3) and Clusterin (CLU) in surgically resected Meningioma tissues; Annexin A1 (ANXA1), Superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and VIM in surgically resected Glioma tissues; and Microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2), Splicing factor 3B subunit 2 (SF3B2) and VIM in surgically resected Medulloblastoma tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the use of MRM to validate proteins from three types of brain malignancies and two different bio-specimens. Future studies involving a large cohort of samples aimed at accurately detecting and quantifying peptides of proteins with roles in brain malignancies could potentially result in a panel of proteins showing ability to classify and grade tumors. Successful application of these techniques could ultimately offer alternative strategies with increased accuracy, sensitivity and lower turnaround time making them translatable to the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saicharan Ghantasala
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Medha Gayathri J. Pai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Deeptarup Biswas
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikita Gahoi
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shuvolina Mukherjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Manubhai KP
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Mehar Un Nissa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Sridhar Epari
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre’s – Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prakash Shetty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre’s – Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Aliasgar Moiyadi
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tata Memorial Centre’s – Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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15
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Riker KD, Daly ML, Papanikolas MJ, Jian T, Klawa SJ, Shin Sahin JYS, Liu D, Singh A, Miller AG, Freeman R. A Programmable Toolkit to Dynamically Signal Cells Using Peptide Strand Displacement. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21018-21029. [PMID: 33938725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The native extracellular matrix communicates and interacts with cells by dynamically displaying signals to control their behavior. Mimicking this dynamic environment in vitro is essential in order to unravel how cell-matrix interactions guide cell fate. Here, we present a synthetic platform for the temporal display of cell-adhesive signals using coiled-coil peptides. By designing an integrin-engaging coiled-coil pair to have a toehold (unpaired domain), we were able to use a peptide strand displacement reaction to remove the cell cue from the surface. This allowed us to test how the user-defined display of RGDS ligands at variable duration and periodicity of ligand exposure influence cell spreading degree and kinetics. Transient display of αVβ3-selective ligands instructed fibroblast cells to reversibly spread and contract in response to changes in ligand exposure over multiple cycles, exhibiting a universal kinetic response. Also, cells that were triggered to spread and contract repeatedly exhibited greater enrichment of integrins in focal adhesions versus cells cultured on persistent RGDS-displaying surfaces. This dynamic platform will allow us to uncover the molecular code by which cells sense and respond to changes in their environment and will provide insights into ways to program cellular behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Riker
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Margaret L Daly
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Micah J Papanikolas
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Tengyue Jian
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Stephen J Klawa
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jacqueline Yalin S Shin Sahin
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Dingyuan Liu
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Anamika Singh
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - A Griffin Miller
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ronit Freeman
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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16
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Porubský M, Gurská S, Stanková J, Hajdúch M, Džubák P, Hlaváč J. AminoBODIPY Conjugates for Targeted Drug Delivery Systems and Real-Time Monitoring of Drug Release. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2385-2396. [PMID: 33961440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report two concepts of drug delivery based on small-molecule drug conjugates with the ability of specific targeting and drug release monitoring via ratiometric fluorescence. The functionality of these concepts has been verified by two model systems consisting of three parts: (i) fluorescent aminoBODIPY for real-time detection of conjugate cleavage, (ii) a c(RGDfK) peptide specific for αvβ3 integrin receptors targeting angiogenesis in most solid tumors or redBODIPY for conjugate cleavage monitoring via FRET, and (iii) pegylated-2-phenyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolinone (3HQ) as a model drug. The model drug release is based on a self-immolative disulfide linker sensitive to environments containing thiols, especially glutathione, which is overexpressed in cancer cells. The results show effective thiol-mediated cleavage of the fluorescent reporter and the subsequent liberation of the drug in a tube. The conjugate with c(RGDfK) was confirmed to penetrate the cells via interaction with integrin receptors. Drug release from this conjugate is possible to monitor inside the cells. Further, the synthetic approach to the conjugates and the method of fluorescence monitoring of the drug release have also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Porubský
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Tr. 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Stanková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hlaváč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Tr. 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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17
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Yu Q, Xiao W, Sun S, Sohrabi A, Liang J, Seidlits SK. Extracellular Matrix Proteins Confer Cell Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance Through Integrin α v in Glioblastoma Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616580. [PMID: 33834020 PMCID: PMC8021872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistance to glioblastoma (GBM) remains an obstacle that is difficult to overcome, leading to poor prognosis of GBM patients. Many previous studies have focused on resistance mechanisms intrinsic to cancer cells; the microenvironment surrounding tumor cells has been found more recently to have significant impacts on the response to chemotherapeutic agents. Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins may confer cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAMDR). Here, expression of the ECM proteins laminin, vitronectin, and fibronectin was assessed in clinical GBM tumors using immunohistochemistry. Then, patient-derived GBM cells grown in monolayers on precoated laminin, vitronectin, or fibronectin substrates were treated with cilengitide, an integrin inhibitor, and/or carmustine, an alkylating chemotherapy. Cell adhesion and viability were quantified. Transcription factor (TF) activities were assessed over time using a bioluminescent assay in which GBM cells were transduced with lentiviruses containing consensus binding sites for specific TFs linked to expression a firefly luciferase reporter. Apoptosis, mediated by p53, was analyzed by Western blotting and immunocytofluorescence. Integrin αv activation of the FAK/paxillin/AKT signaling pathway and effects on expression of the proliferative marker Ki67 were investigated. To assess effects of integrin αv activation of AKT and ERK pathways, which are typically deregulated in GBM, and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is amplified and/or mutated in many GBM tumors, shRNA knockdown was used. Laminin, vitronectin, and fibronectin were abundant in clinical GBM tumors and promoted CAMDR in GBM cells cultured on precoated substrates. Cilengitide treatment induced cell detachment, which was most pronounced for cells cultured on vitronectin. Cilengitide treatment increased cytotoxicity of carmustine, reversing CAMDR. ECM adhesion increased activity of NFκB and decreased that of p53, leading to suppression of p53-mediated apoptosis and upregulation of multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1; also known as ABCB1 or P-glycoprotein). Expression of Ki67 was correlative with activation of the integrin αv-mediated FAK/paxillin/AKT signaling pathway. EGFR expression increased with integrin αv knockdown GBM cells and may represent a compensatory survival mechanism. These results indicate that ECM proteins confer CAMDR through integrin αv in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weikun Xiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Songping Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alireza Sohrabi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jesse Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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18
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Che P, Yu L, Friedman GK, Wang M, Ke X, Wang H, Zhang W, Nabors B, Ding Q, Han X. Integrin αvβ3 Engagement Regulates Glucose Metabolism and Migration through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051111. [PMID: 33807786 PMCID: PMC7961489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming promotes glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. Integrin αvβ3 is one of the major integrin family members in glioblastoma multiforme cell surface mediating interactions with extracellular matrix proteins that are important for glioblastoma progression. The role of αvβ3 integrin in regulating metabolic reprogramming and its mechanism of action have not been determined in glioblastoma cells. Integrin αvβ3 engagement with osteopontin promotes glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis, while inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Blocking or downregulation of integrin αvβ3 inhibits glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis and promotes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased migration and growth in glioblastoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) blocks metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibits glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. These results support that integrin αvβ3 and osteopontin engagement plays an important role in promoting the metabolic shift toward glycolysis and inhibiting mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation in glioblastoma cells. The metabolic shift in cell energy metabolism is coupled to changes in migration, invasion, and growth, which are mediated by downstream FAK and PRMT5 in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulin Che
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Lei Yu
- Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen City 041004, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (P.C.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (B.N.)
- Correspondence: (Q.D.); (X.H.)
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19
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Ren Y, Yuan B, Hou S, Sui Y, Yang T, Lv M, Zhou Y, Yu H, Li S, Peng H, Chang N, Liu Y. Delivery of RGD-modified liposome as a targeted colorectal carcinoma therapy and its autophagy mechanism. J Drug Target 2021; 29:863-874. [PMID: 33507113 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1882469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are among the most extensively applied drug carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility, controllable size and ease of modification. In the present study, we prepared untargeted liposomes (LP) and targeting liposomes modified with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD-LP), and Doxorubicin Hydrochloride (DOX) or fluorescent probe was loaded. RGD-LP/DOX was identified to be uniformly spherical in size 131.2 ± 2.7 nm. Based on flow cytometry analysis and the confocal laser scanning microscopy, RGD-LP had a higher uptake into HRT-18 colorectal cancer cells than LP. Further, in vivo imaging study further suggested that RGD-LP could significantly increase the liposome accumulation in the tumour tissues of the mice bearing subcutaneous tumours. By investigating the targeting mechanism of RGD-LP, we found that they entered the cell via macropinocytosis. When loaded with DOX, RGD-LP exerted stronger tumour growth inhibitory activity against tumours of colorectal carcinoma compared to LP. Moreover, RGD-LP induced autophagy. Therefore, RGD-LP have the potential to be applied as a targeted colorectal carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Ren
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Bingchuan Yuan
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Shenghua Hou
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yilei Sui
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Tinghui Yang
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Haisheng Peng
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Naidan Chang
- Department for a affiliation.Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Tang M, Rich JN, Chen S. Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Strategies to Model Glioblastoma and the Blood-Brain Barrier. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004776. [PMID: 33326131 PMCID: PMC7854518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal adult primary central nervous system cancer. An immunosuppresive and highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, restricted delivery of chemotherapy or immunotherapy through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), together with the brain's unique biochemical and anatomical features result in its universal recurrence and poor prognosis. As conventional models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy in GBM, in vitro 3D models of GBM and BBB leveraging patient- or healthy-individual-derived cells and biomaterials through 3D bioprinting technologies potentially mimic essential physiological and pathological features of GBM and BBB. 3D-bioprinted constructs enable investigation of cellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a species-matched, high-throughput, and reproducible manner, serving as screening or drug delivery platforms. Here, an overview of current 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models is provided, elaborating on the microenvironmental compositions of GBM and BBB, relevant biomaterials to mimic the native tissues, and bioprinting strategies to implement the model fabrication. Collectively, 3D-bioprinted GBM and BBB models are promising systems and biomimetic alternatives to traditional models for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that may eventually accelerate the drug development process for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shaochen Chen
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Chemical Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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21
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Burgos-Bravo F, Martínez-Meza S, Quest AFG, Wilson CAM, Leyton L. Application of Force to a Syndecan-4 Containing Complex With Thy-1-α Vβ 3 Integrin Accelerates Neurite Retraction. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:582257. [PMID: 33134319 PMCID: PMC7550751 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.582257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation contributes to the genesis and progression of chronic diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Upregulation of integrins in astrocytes during inflammation induces neurite retraction by binding to the neuronal protein Thy-1, also known as CD90. Additionally, Thy-1 alters astrocyte contractility and movement by binding to the mechano-sensors αVβ3 integrin and Syndecan-4. However, the contribution of Syndecan-4 to neurite shortening following Thy-1-αVβ3 integrin interaction remains unknown. To further characterize the contribution of Syndecan-4 in Thy-1-dependent neurite outgrowth inhibition and neurite retraction, cell-based assays under pro-inflammatory conditions were performed. In addition, using Optical Tweezers, we studied single-molecule binding properties between these proteins, and their mechanical responses. Syndecan-4 increased the lifetime of Thy-1-αVβ3 integrin binding by interacting directly with Thy-1 and forming a ternary complex (Thy-1-αVβ3 integrin + Syndecan-4). Under in vitro-generated pro-inflammatory conditions, Syndecan-4 accelerated the effect of integrin-engaged Thy-1 by forming this ternary complex, leading to faster neurite retraction and the inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Thus, Syndecan-4 controls neurite cytoskeleton contractility by modulating αVβ3 integrin mechano-receptor function. These results suggest that mechano-transduction, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions are likely critical events in inflammation-related disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Burgos-Bravo
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Single Molecule Biochemistry and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Samuel Martínez-Meza
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian A M Wilson
- Single Molecule Biochemistry and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Rius-Rocabert S, García-Romero N, García A, Ayuso-Sacido A, Nistal-Villan E. Oncolytic Virotherapy in Glioma Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207604. [PMID: 33066689 PMCID: PMC7589679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma tumors are one of the most devastating cancer types. Glioblastoma is the most advanced stage with the worst prognosis. Current therapies are still unable to provide an effective cure. Recent advances in oncolytic immunotherapy have generated great expectations in the cancer therapy field. The use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in cancer treatment is one such immune-related therapeutic alternative. OVs have a double oncolytic action by both directly destroying the cancer cells and stimulating a tumor specific immune response to return the ability of tumors to escape the control of the immune system. OVs are one promising alternative to conventional therapies in glioma tumor treatment. Several clinical trials have proven the feasibility of using some viruses to specifically infect tumors, eluding undesired toxic effects in the patient. Here, we revisited the literature to describe the main OVs proposed up to the present moment as therapeutic alternatives in order to destroy glioma cells in vitro and trigger tumor destruction in vivo. Oncolytic viruses were divided with respect to the genome in DNA and RNA viruses. Here, we highlight the results obtained in various clinical trials, which are exploring the use of these agents as an alternative where other approaches provide limited hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rius-Rocabert
- Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonia García
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.A.-S.); (E.N.-V.); Tel.: +34-913-724-714 (E.N.-V.)
| | - Estanislao Nistal-Villan
- Microbiology Section, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain;
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada (IMMA), Universidad San Pablo-CEU, 28668 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.A.-S.); (E.N.-V.); Tel.: +34-913-724-714 (E.N.-V.)
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23
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Temples MN, Adjei IM, Nimocks PM, Djeu J, Sharma B. Engineered Three-Dimensional Tumor Models to Study Natural Killer Cell Suppression. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4179-4199. [PMID: 33463353 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A critical hurdle associated with natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapies is inadequate infiltration and function in the solid tumor microenvironment. Well-controlled 3D culture systems could advance our understanding of the role of various biophysical and biochemical cues that impact NK cell migration in solid tumors. The objectives of this study were to establish a biomaterial which (i) supports NK cell migration and (ii) recapitulates features of the in vivo solid tumor microenvironment, to study NK infiltration and function in a 3D system. Using peptide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogels, the extent of NK-92 cell migration was observed to be largely dependent on the density of integrin binding sites and the presence of matrix metalloproteinase degradable sites. When lung cancer cells were encapsulated into the hydrogels to create tumor microenvironments, the extent of NK-92 cell migration and functional activity was dependent on the cancer cell type and duration of 3D culture. NK-92 cells showed greater migration into the models consisting of nonmetastatic A549 cells relative to metastatic H1299 cells, and reduced migration in both models when cancer cells were cultured for 7 days versus 1 day. In addition, the production of NK cell-related pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was reduced in H1299 models relative to A549 models. These differences in NK-92 cell migration and cytokine/chemokine production corresponded to differences in the production of various immunomodulatory molecules by the different cancer cells, namely, the H1299 models showed increased stress ligand shedding and immunosuppressive cytokine production, particularly TGF-β. Indeed, inhibition of TGF-β receptor I in NK-92 cells restored their infiltration in H1299 models to levels similar to that in A549 models and increased overall infiltration in both models. Relative to conventional 2D cocultures, NK-92 cell mediated cytotoxicity was reduced in the 3D tumor models, suggesting the hydrogel serves to mimic some features of the biophysical barriers in in vivo tumor microenvironments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a synthetic hydrogel system for investigating the biophysical and biochemical cues impacting NK cell infiltration and NK cell-cancer cell interactions in the solid tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Temples
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Isaac M Adjei
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Phoebe M Nimocks
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
| | - Julie Djeu
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center MRC 4E, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612-9497, United States
| | - Blanka Sharma
- J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building JG-56, 1275 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6131, United States
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24
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Quaglia F, Krishn SR, Daaboul GG, Sarker S, Pippa R, Domingo-Domenech J, Kumar G, Fortina P, McCue P, Kelly WK, Beltran H, Liu Q, Languino LR. Small extracellular vesicles modulated by αVβ3 integrin induce neuroendocrine differentiation in recipient cancer cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1761072. [PMID: 32922691 PMCID: PMC7448905 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1761072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to reprogram cancer cells is well established. However, the specific sEV components able to mediate aberrant effects in cancer cells have not been characterized. Integrins are major players in mediating sEV functions. We have previously reported that the αVβ3 integrin is detected in sEVs of prostate cancer (PrCa) cells and transferred into recipient cells. Here, we investigate whether sEVs from αVβ3-expressing cells affect tumour growth differently than sEVs from control cells that do not express αVβ3. We compared the ability of sEVs to stimulate tumour growth, using sEVs isolated from PrCa C4-2B cells by iodixanol density gradient and characterized with immunoblotting, nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunocapturing and single vesicle analysis. We incubated PrCa cells with sEVs and injected them subcutaneously into nude mice to measure in vivo tumour growth or analysed in vitro their anchorage-independent growth. Our results demonstrate that a single treatment with sEVs shed from C4-2B cells that express αVβ3, but not from control cells, stimulates tumour growth and induces differentiation of PrCa cells towards a neuroendocrine phenotype, as quantified by increased levels of neuroendocrine markers. In conclusion, the expression of αVβ3 integrin generates sEVs capable of reprogramming cells towards an aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Quaglia
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George G Daaboul
- Department of Research and Development, NanoView Biosciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Srawasti Sarker
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raffaella Pippa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter McCue
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Muir M, Gopakumar S, Traylor J, Lee S, Rao G. Glioblastoma multiforme: novel therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:605-614. [PMID: 32394767 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1762568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasingly detailed genetic characterization of glioblastoma (GBM) has failed to translate into meaningful breakthroughs in treatment. This is likely to be attributed to molecular heterogeneity of GBM. However, the understanding of the tumor microenvironment in GBM has become more refined and has revealed a wealth of therapeutic targets that may enable the disruption of angiogenesis or immunosuppression. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the selective targeting of tumor-intrinsic pathways, therapies that target the GBM tumor microenvironment and relevant preclinical studies and their limitations. Relevant literature was derived from a PubMed search encompassing studies from 1989 to 2020. EXPERT OPINION Despite appropriate target engagement, attempts to directly inhibit oncogenic pathways in GBM have yielded little success. This is likely attributed to the molecular heterogeneity of GBM and the presence of redundant signaling that allow for accumulation of adaptive mutations and development of drug resistance. Subsequently, there has been a shift toward therapies modulating the pro-angiogenic, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in GBM. The non-transformed cells in the microenvironment which includes endothelial cells, myeloid cells, and T cells, are presumably genetically stable, less susceptible to heterogeneity, and easier to target. This approach offers the highest potential for a therapeutic breakthrough in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Muir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Traylor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sungho Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Increased Cell Detachment Ratio of Mesenchymal-Type Lung Cancer Cells on pH-Responsive Chitosan through the β3 Integrin. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17120659. [PMID: 31771240 PMCID: PMC6950328 DOI: 10.3390/md17120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is sensitive to environmental pH values due to its electric property. This study investigates whether the pH-responsive chitosan assay can provide a simple method to evaluate the aggressive behavior of cancer cells with cell detachment ratio. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is induced with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (A549). EMT-induced cells and untreated cells are cultured on chitosan substrates at pH 6.99 for 24 h, followed by pH 7.65 for 1 h. The cell detachment ratio (CDR) on pH-responsive chitosan rises with an increasing of the TGF-β1 concentration. The protein array reveals that the expression levels of the α2, α3, α5, β2, and β3 integrins are higher in EMT-induced A549 cells than in untreated cells. A further inhibition assay shows that adding β3 integrin blocking antibodies significantly decreases the CDR of EMT-induced cells from 32.7 ± 5.7% to 17.8 ± 2.1%. The CDR of mesenchymal-type lung cancer cells increases on pH-responsive chitosan through the β3 integrin. Notably, the CDR can be theoretically predicted according to the individual CDR on the pH-responsive chitosan surface, irrespective of heterogeneous cell mixture. The pH-responsive chitosan assay serves as a simple in vitro model to investigate the aggressive behavior of lung cancer including the heterogeneous cell population.
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27
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Kiyokawa J, Wakimoto H. Preclinical And Clinical Development Of Oncolytic Adenovirus For The Treatment Of Malignant Glioma. Oncolytic Virother 2019; 8:27-37. [PMID: 31750274 PMCID: PMC6817710 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication conditional oncolytic human adenovirus has long been considered a promising biological therapeutic to target high-grade gliomas (HGG), a group of essentially lethal primary brain cancer. The last decade has witnessed initiation and some completion of a number of Phase I and II clinical investigations of oncolytic adenovirus for HGG in the US and Europe. Results of these trials in patients are pivotal for not only federal approval but also filling an existing knowledge gap that primarily derives from the stark differences in permissivity to human adenovirus between humans and preclinical mouse models. DNX-2401 (Delta-24-RGD), the current mainstream oncolytic adenovirus with modifications in E1A and the fiber, has been shown to induce impressive objective response and long-term survival (>3 years) in a fraction of patients with recurrent HGG. Responders exhibited initial enlargement of the treated lesions for a few months post treatment, followed by shrinkage and near complete resolution. In accord with preclinical research, post-treatment specimens revealed virus-mediated alteration of the immune tumor microenvironment as evidenced by infiltration of CD8+ T cells and M1-polarized macrophages. These findings are encouraging and together with further information from ongoing studies have a potential to make oncolytic adenovirus a viable option for clinical management of HGG. This review deals with this timely topic; we will describe both preclinical and clinical development of oncolytic adenovirus therapy for HGG, summarize updated knowledge on clinical trials and discuss challenges that the field currently faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Wang T, Li G, Wang D, Li F, Men D, Hu T, Xi Y, Zhang XE. Quantitative profiling of integrin αvβ3 on single cells with quantum dot labeling to reveal the phenotypic heterogeneity of glioblastoma. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18224-18231. [PMID: 31560005 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, localization and density of individual molecules (e.g. drug-specific receptors) on single cells can offer profound information about cell phenotypes. Profiling this information is a new research direction within the field of single cell biology, but it remains technically challenging. Through the combined use of quantum dot labeling, structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and computer-aided local surface reconstruction, we acquired a 3D imaging map of a drug target molecule, integrin αvβ3, on glioblastoma cells at the single cell level. The results revealed that integrin αvβ3 exhibits discrete distribution on the surface of glioblastoma cells, with its density differing significantly among cell lines. The density is illustrated as the approximate number of target molecules per μm2 on the irregular cell surface, ranging from 0 to 1.6. Functional studies revealed that the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to inhibitor molecules depends on the density of the target molecules. After inhibitor treatment, the viability and invasion ability of different glioblastoma cells were highly correlated with the density of integrin αvβ3 on their surfaces. This study not only provides a novel protocol for the quantitative analysis of surface proteins from irregular single cells, but also offers a clue for understanding the heterogeneity of tumor cells on the basis of molecular phenotypes. Thus, this work has potential significance in guiding targeted therapies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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29
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Burgos-Panadero R, Noguera I, Cañete A, Navarro S, Noguera R. Vitronectin as a molecular player of the tumor microenvironment in neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:479. [PMID: 31117974 PMCID: PMC6532218 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitronectin is a multifunctional glycoprotein known in several human tumors for its adhesive role in processes such as cell growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we examined vitronectin expression in neuroblastoma to investigate whether this molecule takes part in cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interactions that may confer mechanical properties to promote tumor aggressiveness. Methods We used immunohistochemistry and image analysis tools to characterize vitronectin expression and to test its prognostic value in 91 neuroblastoma patients. To better understand the effect of vitronectin, we studied its in vitro expression using commercial neuroblastoma cell lines and in vivo using intra-adrenal gland xenograft models by immunohistochemistry. Results Digital image analysis allowed us to associate vitronectin staining intensity and location discriminating between territorial vitronectin and interterritorial vitronectin expression patterns. High territorial vitronectin expression (strong staining associated with pericellular and intracellular location) was present in tumors from patients with metastatic undifferentiating neuroblastoma, that were MYCN amplified, 11q deleted or with segmental chromosomal profiles, in the high-risk stratification group and with high genetic instability. In vitro studies confirmed that vitronectin is expressed in tumor cells as small cytoplasmic dot drops. In vivo experiments revealed tumor cells with high and dense cytoplasmic vitronectin expression. Conclusions These findings highlight the relevance of vitronectin in neuroblastoma tumor biology and suggest its potential as a future therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5693-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Burgos-Panadero
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Noguera
- Central Support Service for Experimental Research (SCSIE), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adela Cañete
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Przystal JM, Waramit S, Pranjol MZI, Yan W, Chu G, Chongchai A, Samarth G, Olaciregui NG, Tabatabai G, Carcaboso AM, Aboagye EO, Suwan K, Hajitou A. Efficacy of systemic temozolomide-activated phage-targeted gene therapy in human glioblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e8492. [PMID: 30808679 PMCID: PMC6460351 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary intracranial malignant neoplasm in adults and most resistant to treatment. Integration of gene therapy and chemotherapy, chemovirotherapy, has the potential to improve treatment. We have introduced an intravenous bacteriophage (phage) vector for dual targeting of therapeutic genes to glioblastoma. It is a hybrid AAV/phage, AAVP, designed to deliver a recombinant adeno-associated virus genome (rAAV) by the capsid of M13 phage. In this vector, dual tumor targeting is first achieved by phage capsid display of the RGD4C ligand that binds the αvβ3 integrin receptor. Second, genes are expressed from a tumor-activated and temozolomide (TMZ)-induced promoter of the glucose-regulated protein, Grp78 Here, we investigated systemic combination therapy using TMZ and targeted suicide gene therapy by the RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 Firstly, in vitro we showed that TMZ increases endogenous Grp78 gene expression and boosts transgene expression from the RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 in human GBM cells. Next, RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 targets intracranial tumors in mice following intravenous administration. Finally, combination of TMZ and RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 targeted gene therapy exerts a synergistic effect to suppress growth of orthotopic glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Magdalena Przystal
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Md Zahidul Islam Pranjol
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Chu
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gargi Samarth
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nagore Gene Olaciregui
- Institute de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angel Montero Carcaboso
- Institute de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Ofori Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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31
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Kingsmore KM, Vaccari A, Abler D, Cui SX, Epstein FH, Rockne RC, Acton ST, Munson JM. MRI analysis to map interstitial flow in the brain tumor microenvironment. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031905. [PMID: 30456343 PMCID: PMC6238644 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive form of brain tumor, is a disease marked by extensive invasion into the surrounding brain. Interstitial fluid flow (IFF), or the movement of fluid within the spaces between cells, has been linked to increased invasion of GBM cells. Better characterization of IFF could elucidate underlying mechanisms driving this invasion in vivo. Here, we develop a technique to noninvasively measure interstitial flow velocities in the glioma microenvironment of mice using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a common clinical technique. Using our in vitro model as a phantom "tumor" system and in silico models of velocity vector fields, we show we can measure average velocities and accurately reconstruct velocity directions. With our combined MR and analysis method, we show that velocity magnitudes are similar across four human GBM cell line xenograft models and the direction of fluid flow is heterogeneous within and around the tumors, and not always in the outward direction. These values were not linked to the tumor size. Finally, we compare our flow velocity magnitudes and the direction of flow to a classical marker of vessel leakage and bulk fluid drainage, Evans blue. With these data, we validate its use as a marker of high and low IFF rates and IFF in the outward direction from the tumor border in implanted glioma models. These methods show, for the first time, the nature of interstitial fluid flow in models of glioma using a technique that is translatable to clinical and preclinical models currently using contrast-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Kingsmore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Andrea Vaccari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Daniel Abler
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Sophia X. Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Russell C. Rockne
- Division of Mathematical Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Scott T. Acton
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: (540)-231-7896
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32
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Arun AS, Tepper CG, Lam KS. Identification of integrin drug targets for 17 solid tumor types. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30146-30162. [PMID: 30046394 PMCID: PMC6059022 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are contributors to remodeling of the extracellular matrix and cell migration. Integrins participate in the assembly of the actin cytoskeleton, regulate growth factor signaling pathways, cell proliferation, and control cell motility. In solid tumors, integrins are involved in promoting metastasis to distant sites, and angiogenesis. Integrins are a key target in cancer therapy and imaging. Integrin antagonists have proven successful in halting invasion and migration of tumors. Overexpressed integrins are prime anti-cancer drug targets. To streamline the development of specific integrin cancer therapeutics, we curated data to predict which integrin heterodimers are pausible therapeutic targets against 17 different solid tumors. Computational analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) gene expression data revealed a set of integrin targets that are differentially expressed in tumors. Filtered by FPKM (Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads) expression level, overexpressed subunits were paired into heterodimeric protein targets. By comparing the RNA-seq differential expression results with immunohistochemistry (IHC) data, overexpressed integrin subunits were validated. Biologics and small molecule drug compounds against these identified overexpressed subunits and heterodimeric receptors are potential therapeutics against these cancers. In addition, high-affinity and high-specificity ligands against these integrins can serve as efficient vehicles for delivery of cancer drugs, nanotherapeutics, or imaging probes against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adith S Arun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Abstract
This overview article for the Comprehensive Physiology collection is focused on detailing platelets, how platelets respond to various stimuli, how platelets interact with their external biochemical environment, and the role of platelets in physiological and pathological processes. Specifically, we will discuss the four major functions of platelets: activation, adhesion, aggregation, and inflammation. We will extend this discussion to include various mechanisms that can induce these functional changes and a discussion of some of the salient receptors that are responsible for platelets interacting with their external environment. We will finish with a discussion of how platelets interact with their vascular environment, with a special focus on interactions with the extracellular matrix and endothelial cells, and finally how platelets can aid and possibly initiate the progression of various vascular diseases. Throughout this overview, we will highlight both the historical investigations into the role of platelets in health and disease as well as some of the more current work. Overall, the authors aim for the readers to gain an appreciation for the complexity of platelet functions and the multifaceted role of platelets in the vascular system. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1117-1156, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rubenstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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34
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Schnell O, Albrecht V, Pfirrmann D, Eigenbrod S, Krebs B, Romagna A, Siller S, Giese A, Tonn JC, Schichor C. MGMT promoter methylation is not correlated with integrin expression in malignant gliomas: clarifying recent clinical trial results. Med Oncol 2018; 35:103. [PMID: 29882028 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha-v-beta-3 (αvβ3) is important for invasive tumor growth and angiogenesis in glioblastomas (GBM). However, recent clinical trials on inhibition of this integrin led to ambiguous results whether patients with methylated or unmethylated 6O-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter might profit from this kind of therapy. Therefore, we addressed the still unanswered question about a possible correlation between integrin αvβ3 expression and MGMT promoter methylation in GBM. For this purpose, tumor samples from newly diagnosed and untreated GBM patients with methylated (n = 22) or unmethylated (n = 17) MGMT promoter were simultaneously analyzed for integrin αvβ3 expression by an automated immunohistochemical staining platform. Interestingly, subsequent semi-quantitative analysis by a special imaging software did not show any difference in integrin expression between patients with methylated or unmethylated MGMT promoter status. Moreover, further analysis of the integrin subunits via ELISA from histologic sections revealed that there is no difference in integrin subunit expression between these patients. Hence, our results are important for designing future clinical trials with respect to treatment stratification, while it still has to be identified which other molecular factors determine differential responses to targeted anti-integrin αvβ3 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitaetsklinikum Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106, Freiburg, Germany. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Valerie Albrecht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Pfirrmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Eigenbrod
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjarne Krebs
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Romagna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Siller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schichor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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35
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Kim MH, Kim SG, Kim DW. A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled arginine-arginine-leucine-containing peptide as a multimodal tumor imaging agent in a murine tumor model. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:557-566. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA); Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA); Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
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36
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Lin CY, Yang ST, Shen SC, Hsieh YC, Hsu FT, Chen CY, Chiang YH, Chuang JY, Chen KY, Hsu TI, Leong WC, Su YK, Lo WL, Yeh YS, Patria YN, Shih HM, Chang CC, Chou SY. Serum amyloid A1 in combination with integrin αVβ3 increases glioblastoma cells mobility and progression. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:756-771. [PMID: 29603594 PMCID: PMC5928363 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly malignant type of brain tumor found in humans. GBM cells reproduce quickly, and the median survival time for patients after therapy is approximately 1 year with a high relapse rate. Current therapies and diagnostic tools for GBM are limited; therefore, we searched for a more favorable therapeutic target or marker protein for both therapy and diagnosis. We used mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to identify GBM-associated marker proteins from human plasma and GBM cell cultures. Additional plasma and 52 brain tissues obtained from patients with gliomas were used to validate the association rate of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) in different grades of gliomas and its distribution in tumors. Microarray database analysis further validated the coefficient of SAA1 levels in gliomas. The cellular mechanisms of SAA1 in GBM proliferation and infiltration were investigated in vitro. We analyzed the correlation between SAA1 and patients' medication requirement to demonstrate the clinical effects of SAA1 in GBM. SAA1 was identified from MS analysis, and its level was revealed to be correlated with the disease grade, clinical severity, and survival rate of patients with gliomas. In vitro cultures, including GBM cells and normal astrocytes, revealed that SAA1 promotes cell migration and invasion through integrin αVβ3 to activate the Erk signaling pathway. Magnetic resonance imaging and tumor region-specific microarray analysis identified a correlation between SAA1 and GBM cell infiltration in patients. In summary, our results demonstrate that SAA1 in combination with integrin αV and β3 can serve as an indicator of high glioblastoma risk. We also identified the cellular mechanisms of SAA1 contributing to GBM progression, which can serve as the basis for future GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Tai Yang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Research Center of Translational Imaging (TIRC), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Research Center of Translational Imaging (TIRC), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chong Leong
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Lo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shian Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yudha Nur Patria
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yi Chou
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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37
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Abstract
The link between GBM molecular subtype and response to treatment remains undefined. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Cosset and colleagues define a subpopulation of patients within the proneural/classical subtype sensitive to integrin blockade because of a Glut3 addiction. These findings reveal context-dependent druggable vulnerability in a subpopulation of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth D Aldape
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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38
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Cosset É, Ilmjärv S, Dutoit V, Elliott K, von Schalscha T, Camargo MF, Reiss A, Moroishi T, Seguin L, Gomez G, Moo JS, Preynat-Seauve O, Krause KH, Chneiweiss H, Sarkaria JN, Guan KL, Dietrich PY, Weis SM, Mischel PS, Cheresh DA. Glut3 Addiction Is a Druggable Vulnerability for a Molecularly Defined Subpopulation of Glioblastoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:856-868.e5. [PMID: 29198914 PMCID: PMC5730343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While molecular subtypes of glioblastoma (GBM) are defined using gene expression and mutation profiles, we identify a unique subpopulation based on addiction to the high-affinity glucose transporter, Glut3. Although Glut3 is a known driver of a cancer stem cell phenotype, direct targeting is complicated by its expression in neurons. Using established GBM lines and patient-derived stem cells, we identify a subset of tumors within the "proneural" and "classical" subtypes that are addicted to aberrant signaling from integrin αvβ3, which activates a PAK4-YAP/TAZ signaling axis to enhance Glut3 expression. This defined subpopulation of GBM is highly sensitive to agents that disrupt this pathway, including the integrin antagonist cilengitide, providing a targeted therapeutic strategy for this unique subset of GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érika Cosset
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Sten Ilmjärv
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Dutoit
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Centre of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kathryn Elliott
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tami von Schalscha
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maria F Camargo
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexander Reiss
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Laetitia Seguin
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - German Gomez
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jung-Soon Moo
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Division of Hematology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Protein Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Centre of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara M Weis
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David A Cheresh
- Department of Pathology, Moores Cancer Center, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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39
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Weller M, Nabors LB, Gorlia T, Leske H, Rushing E, Bady P, Hicking C, Perry J, Hong YK, Roth P, Wick W, Goodman SL, Hegi ME, Picard M, Moch H, Straub J, Stupp R. Cilengitide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: biomarker expression and outcome. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15018-32. [PMID: 26918452 PMCID: PMC4924768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5 regulate angiogenesis and invasiveness in cancer, potentially by modulating activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway. The randomized phase III CENTRIC and phase II CORE trials explored the integrin inhibitor cilengitide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma with versus without O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation. These trials failed to meet their primary endpoints. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the levels of the target integrins of cilengitide, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins, of αvβ8 and of their putative target, phosphorylation of SMAD2, in tumor tissues from CENTRIC (n=274) and CORE (n=224). αvβ3 and αvβ5 expression correlated well in tumor and endothelial cells, but showed little association with αvβ8 or pSMAD2 levels. In CENTRIC, there was no interaction between the biomarkers and treatment for prediction of outcome. In CORE, higher αvβ3 levels in tumor cells were associated with improved progression-free survival by central review and with improved overall survival in patients treated with cilengitide. Integrins αvβ3, αvβ5 and αvβ8 are differentially expressed in glioblastoma. Integrin levels do not correlate with the activation level of the canonical TGF-β pathway. αvβ3 integrin expression may predict benefit from integrin inhibition in patients with glioblastoma lacking MGMT promoter methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weller
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Henning Leske
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Rushing
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Bady
- Department of Education and Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Hicking
- Department of Translational and Biomarkers Research, Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - James Perry
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yong-Kil Hong
- The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Patrick Roth
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon L Goodman
- Department of Translational and Biomarkers Research, Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Monika E Hegi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Translational and Biomarkers Research, Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef Straub
- Department of Translational and Biomarkers Research, Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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40
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Chung LK, Pelargos PE, Chan AM, Demos JV, Lagman C, Sheppard JP, Nguyen T, Chang YL, Hojat SA, Prins RM, Liau LM, Nghiemphu L, Lai A, Cloughesy TF, Yong WH, Gordon LK, Wadehra M, Yang I. Tissue microarray analysis for epithelial membrane protein-2 as a novel biomarker for gliomas. Brain Tumor Pathol 2017; 35:1-9. [PMID: 28887715 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-017-0300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) expression is noted in many human cancers. We evaluated EMP2 as a biomarker in gliomas. A large tissue microarray of lower grade glioma (WHO grades II-III, n = 19 patients) and glioblastoma (GBM) (WHO grade IV, n = 50 patients) was stained for EMP2. EMP2 expression was dichotomized to low or high expression scores and correlated with clinical data. The mean EMP2 expression was 1.68 in lower grade gliomas versus 2.20 in GBMs (P = 0.01). The percentage of samples with high EMP2 expression was greater in GBMs than lower grade gliomas (90.0 vs. 52.6%, P = 0.001). No significant difference was found between median survival among patients with GBM tumors exhibiting high EMP2 expression and survival of those with low EMP2 expression (8.38 vs. 10.98 months, P = 0.39). However, EMP2 expression ≥2 correlated with decreased survival (r = -0.39, P = 0.001). The EMP2 expression level also correlated with Ki-67 positivity (r = 0.34, P = 0.008). The mortality hazard ratio for GBM patients with EMP2 score of 3 or higher was 1.92 (CI 0.69-5.30). Our findings suggest that elevated EMP2 expression is associated with GBM. With other biomarkers, EMP2 may have use as a molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Panayiotis E Pelargos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ann M Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joanna V Demos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John P Sheppard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thien Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Seyed A Hojat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Leia Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William H Yong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 8-684 Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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41
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Raab-Westphal S, Marshall JF, Goodman SL. Integrins as Therapeutic Targets: Successes and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E110. [PMID: 28832494 PMCID: PMC5615325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that are central to the biology of many human pathologies. Classically mediating cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interaction, and with an emerging role as local activators of TGFβ, they influence cancer, fibrosis, thrombosis and inflammation. Their ligand binding and some regulatory sites are extracellular and sensitive to pharmacological intervention, as proven by the clinical success of seven drugs targeting them. The six drugs on the market in 2016 generated revenues of some US$3.5 billion, mainly from inhibitors of α4-series integrins. In this review we examine the current developments in integrin therapeutics, especially in cancer, and comment on the health economic implications of these developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Raab-Westphal
- Translational In Vivo Pharmacology, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - John F Marshall
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Simon L Goodman
- Translational and Biomarkers Research, Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
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42
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New Insights in the Design of Bioactive Peptides and Chelating Agents for Imaging and Therapy in Oncology. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081282. [PMID: 28767081 PMCID: PMC6152110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many synthetic peptides have been developed for diagnosis and therapy of human cancers based on their ability to target specific receptors on cancer cell surface or to penetrate the cell membrane. Chemical modifications of amino acid chains have significantly improved the biological activity, the stability and efficacy of peptide analogues currently employed as anticancer drugs or as molecular imaging tracers. The stability of somatostatin, integrins and bombesin analogues in the human body have been significantly increased by cyclization and/or insertion of non-natural amino acids in the peptide sequences. Moreover, the overall pharmacokinetic properties of such analogues and others (including cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and neurotensin analogues) have been improved by PEGylation and glycosylation. Furthermore, conjugation of those peptide analogues to new linkers and bifunctional chelators (such as AAZTA, TETA, TRAP, NOPO etc.), produced radiolabeled moieties with increased half life and higher binding affinity to the cognate receptors. This review describes the most important and recent chemical modifications introduced in the amino acid sequences as well as linkers and new bifunctional chelators which have significantly improved the specificity and sensitivity of peptides used in oncologic diagnosis and therapy.
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Gahoi N, Malhotra D, Moiyadi A, Varma SG, Gandhi MN, Srivastava S. Multi-pronged proteomic analysis to study the glioma pathobiology using cerebrospinal fluid samples. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 12:e1700056. [PMID: 28679024 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gliomas are one of the most aggressive and lethal brain tumors arising from neoplastic transformation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. A comprehensive quantitative analysis of proteome level differences in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) across different grades of gliomas for a better understanding of glioma pathobiology is carried out. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Glioma patients are diagnosed by radiology and histochemistry-based analyses. Differential proteomic analysis of high (n = 12) and low (n = 5) grade gliomas, and control (n = 3) samples is performed by using two complementary quantitative proteomic approaches; 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ. Further, comparative analysis of three IDH wild-type and five IDH mutants is performed to identify the proteome level differences between these two sub-classes. RESULTS Level of several proteins including haptoglobin, transthyretin, osteopontin, vitronectin, complement factor H and different classes of immunoglobulins are found to be considerably increased in CSF of higher grades of gliomas. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis indicated that many of the dysregulated CSF proteins are associated with metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins, complement and coagulation cascades and extracellular matrix remodeling in gliomas. Intriguingly, CSF of glioma patients with IDH mutations exhibite increased levels of multiple proteins involved in response to oxidative stress. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the foremost proteome level investigation describing comprehensive proteome profiles of different grades of gliomas using proximal fluid (CSF); and thereby providing insights into disease pathobiology, which aided in identification of grade and sub-type specific alterations. Moreover, if validated in larger clinical cohorts, a panel of differentially abundant CSF proteins may serve as potential disease monitoring and prognostic markers for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Gahoi
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.,Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Darpan Malhotra
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Santosh G Varma
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Grant Govt. Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Byculla, Mumbai, India.,BJ Medical College & Sassoon Hospital, Jai Prakash Narayan Road, Near Pune Railway Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayuri N Gandhi
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Wadhwani Research Center for Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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Chung LK, Bhatt NS, Lagman C, Pelargos PE, Qin Y, Gordon LK, Wadehra M, Yang I. Epithelial membrane protein 2: Molecular interactions and clinical implications. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 44:84-88. [PMID: 28720310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is a cell surface protein that has recently emerged as an object of neuro-oncological interest due to its potential to be utilized as a biomarker and target for antibody therapies. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that EMP2 is associated with disease prognosis in a number of human cancers, including glioblastoma. The four large extracellular domains of EMP2 and its association with the extracellular matrix makes it an attractive target for future cancer therapies. Translational research suggests that EMP2 may be targeted with antibodies to improve tumor control and survival in a variety of murine models and cancer types. However, in order to translate these preclinical findings into the clinic, future research will need to focus on elucidating the role EMP2 in the normal human body by better understanding its molecular and chemical interactions. The focus of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight into current research endeavors, discuss the potential for clinically translatable applications, and predict the future directions of such research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrance K Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nikhilesh S Bhatt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlito Lagman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Panayiotis E Pelargos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Lynn K Gordon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Seventh Floor, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Suite 420, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite B265, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 550, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Angara K, Borin TF, Arbab AS. Vascular Mimicry: A Novel Neovascularization Mechanism Driving Anti-Angiogenic Therapy (AAT) Resistance in Glioblastoma. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:650-660. [PMID: 28668763 PMCID: PMC5496207 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a hypervascular neoplasia of the central nervous system with an extremely high rate of mortality. Owing to its hypervascularity, anti-angiogenic therapies (AAT) have been used as an adjuvant to the traditional surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. The benefits of AAT have been transient and the tumors were shown to relapse faster and demonstrated particularly high rates of AAT therapy resistance. Alternative neovascularization mechanisms were shown to be at work in these resilient tumors to counter the AAT therapy insult. Vascular Mimicry (VM) is the uncanny ability of tumor cells to acquire endothelial-like properties and lay down vascular patterned networks reminiscent of host endothelial blood vessels. The VM channels served as an irrigation system for the tumors to meet with the increasing metabolic and nutrient demands of the tumor in the event of the ensuing hypoxia resulting from AAT. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that AAT accelerates VM in GBM. In this review, we will focus on the origins of VM, visualizing VM in AAT-treated tumors and the development of VM as a resistance mechanism to AAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Angara
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Thaiz F Borin
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis, Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Reichert M. Proteome analysis of sheep B lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1363-1375. [PMID: 28436273 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217705864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Presented are the results of a study of the expression pattern of different proteins in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in experimental sheep and I discuss how the obtained data may be useful in gaining a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, diagnosis, and for the selection of possible therapeutic targets. In cattle, the disease is characterized by life-long persistent lymphocytosis leading to leukemia/lymphoma in about 5% of infected animals. In sheep, as opposed to cattle, the course of the disease is always fatal and clinical symptoms usually occur within a three-year period after infection. For this reason, sheep are an excellent experimental model of retrovirus-induced leukemia. This model can be useful for human pathology, as bovine leukemia virus is closely related to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1. The data presented here provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the bovine leukemia virus-induced tumorigenic process and indicate the potential marker proteins both for monitoring progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. A study of the proteome of B lymphocytes from four leukemic sheep revealed 11 proteins with altered expression. Among them, cytoskeleton and intermediate filament proteins were the most abundant, although proteins belonging to the other functional groups, i.e. enzymes, regulatory proteins, and transcription factors, were also present. It was found that trypsin inhibitor, platelet factor 4, thrombospondin 1, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, fibrinogen alpha chain, zyxin, filamin-A, and vitamin D-binding protein were downregulated, whereas cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5, non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein and small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein alpha were upregulated. Discussed are the possible mechanisms of their altered expression and its significance in the bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenic process. Impact statement The submitted manuscript provides new data on the molecular mechanisms of BLV-induced tumorigenic process indicating the potential marker proteins both for monitoring the progression of the disease and as possible targets of pharmacological intervention. This is to my knowledge the first study of the proteome of the transformed lymphocytes in the course of bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemia in susceptible animals. BLV can be considered as useful model for related human pathogen - HTLV-1, another member of the deltaretrovirus genus evolutionary closely related to BLV. Information gathered in this study can be useful to speculate on possible shared mechanisms of deltaretrovirus-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Reichert
- Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy 24-100, Poland
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Marqus S, Pirogova E, Piva TJ. Evaluation of the use of therapeutic peptides for cancer treatment. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:21. [PMID: 28320393 PMCID: PMC5359827 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer along with cardiovascular disease are the main causes of death in the industrialised countries around the World. Conventional cancer treatments are losing their therapeutic uses due to drug resistance, lack of tumour selectivity and solubility and as such there is a need to develop new therapeutic agents. Therapeutic peptides are a promising and a novel approach to treat many diseases including cancer. They have several advantages over proteins or antibodies: as they are (a) easy to synthesise, (b) have a high target specificity and selectivity and (c) have low toxicity. Therapeutic peptides do have some significant drawbacks related to their stability and short half-life. In this review, strategies used to overcome peptide limitations and to enhance their therapeutic effect will be compared. The use of short cell permeable peptides that interfere and inhibit protein-protein interactions will also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Marqus
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
| | - Terrence J. Piva
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
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Gao M, Yu F, Lv C, Choo J, Chen L. Fluorescent chemical probes for accurate tumor diagnosis and targeting therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2237-2271. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00908e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on small molecular ligand-targeted fluorescent imaging probes and fluorescent theranostics, including their design strategies and applications in clinical tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Fabiao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Changjun Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine
- Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University
- Binzhou 256603
- China
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 426-791
- South Korea
| | - Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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49
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Dong X, Yu Y, Wang Q, Xi Y, Liu Y. Interaction Mechanism and Clustering among RGD Peptides and Integrins. Mol Inform 2016; 36. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201600069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Dong
- Soft Matter Research Center; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 PR China
- College of Pharmacy; Binzhou Medical University; Yantai 264003 PR China
| | - Yuping Yu
- Soft Matter Research Center; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Soft Matter Research Center; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Ying Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Peking University; Beijing 100191 PR China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Soft Matter Research Center; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 PR China
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50
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Oddo L, Cerroni B, Domenici F, Bedini A, Bordi F, Chiessi E, Gerbes S, Paradossi G. Next generation ultrasound platforms for theranostics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 491:151-160. [PMID: 28024192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles are a well-established contrast agent which improves diagnostic ultrasound imaging. During the last decade research has focused on expanding their use to include molecular imaging, targeted therapy and imaging modalities other than ultrasound. However, bioadhesion of targeted microbubbles under physiological flow conditions is still difficult to achieve, the main challenge being connected to the poor stability of lipid microbubbles in the body's circulation system. In this article, we investigate the use of polymeric microbubbles based on a poly (vinyl alcohol) shell as an alternative to lipid microbubbles. In particular, we report on the development of microbubble shell modification, using mild reaction conditions, with the aim of designing a multifunctional platform to enable diagnosis and therapy. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and a near infrared fluorescent probe, indocyanine green, are coupled to the bubbles surface in order to support magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, anchoring cyclic arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, and cyclodextrin molecules, allows targeting and drug loading, respectively. Last but not least, shell topography is provided by atomic force microscopy. These applications and features, together with the high echogenicity of poly (vinyl alcohol) microbubbles, may offer a more stable alternative to lipid microbubbles for the development of a multimodal theranostic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Oddo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Cerroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Fabio Domenici
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Angelico Bedini
- INAIL, Settore Ricerca, Certificazione e Verifica, DITSPIA, Via Fontana Candida 1, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy.
| | - Federico Bordi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Ester Chiessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
| | - Stefan Gerbes
- MagForce AG, Max-Planck-Str. 3, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy.
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