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Tomkins-Netzer O, Niederer R, Greenwood J, Fabian ID, Serlin Y, Friedman A, Lightman S. Mechanisms of blood-retinal barrier disruption related to intraocular inflammation and malignancy. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 99:101245. [PMID: 38242492 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) disruption is a common accompaniment of intermediate, posterior and panuveitis causing leakage into the retina and macular oedema resulting in vision loss. It is much less common in anterior uveitis or in patients with intraocular lymphoma who may have marked signs of intraocular inflammation. New drugs used for chemotherapy (cytarabine, immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, bispecific anti-EGFR inhibitors, MET receptor inhibitors and Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors) can also cause different types of uveitis and BRB disruption. As malignant disease itself can cause uveitis, particularly from breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract cancers, it can be clinically difficult to sort out the cause of BRB disruption. Immunosuppression due to malignant disease and/or chemotherapy can lead to infection which can also cause BRB disruption and intraocular infection. In this paper we address the pathophysiology of BRB disruption related to intraocular inflammation and malignancy, methods for estimating the extent and effect of the disruption and examine why some types of intraocular inflammation and malignancy cause BRB disruption and others do not. Understanding this may help sort and manage these patients, as well as devise future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tomkins-Netzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Centre, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Rachael Niederer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Te Whatu Ora, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Greenwood
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ido Didi Fabian
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yonatan Serlin
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alon Friedman
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and the Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, NS, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Zlotowski Centre for Neuroscience, Ben- Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sue Lightman
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Yang Y, Guo J, Li M, Chu G, Jin H, Ma J, Jia Q. Cancer stem cells and angiogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155064. [PMID: 38160481 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains the primary cause of mortality in developed nations. Although localized tumors can be effectively addressed through surgery, radiotherapy, and other targeted methods, drug efficacy often wanes in the context of metastatic diseases. As a result, significant efforts are being made to develop drugs capable of not only inhibiting tumor growth but also impeding the metastasis of malignant tumors, with a focus on hindering their migration to adjacent organs. Cancer stem cells metastasize via blood and lymphatic vessels, exhibiting a high mutation rate, significant variability, and a predisposition to drug resistance. In contrast, endothelial cells, being less prone to mutation, are less likely to give rise to drug-resistant clones. Furthermore, the direct contact of circulating anti-angiogenic drugs with vascular endothelial cells expedites their therapeutic impact. Hence, anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy assumes a pivotal role in cancer treatment. This paper provides a succinct overview of the molecular mechanisms governing the interaction between cancer stem cells and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guangxin Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine and Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qingge Jia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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3
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Nakashima F, Giménez-Bastida JA, Luis PB, Presley SH, Boer RE, Chiusa M, Shibata T, Sulikowski GA, Pozzi A, Schneider C. The 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase-2 cross-over metabolite, hemiketal E 2, enhances VEGFR2 activation and promotes angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103050. [PMID: 36813233 PMCID: PMC10040730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Consecutive oxygenation of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 yields the hemiketal eicosanoids, HKE2 and HKD2. Hemiketals stimulate angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell tubulogenesis in culture; however, how this process is regulated has not been determined. Here, we identify vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) as a mediator of HKE2-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. We found that HKE2 treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells dose-dependently increased the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and the downstream kinases ERK and Akt that mediated endothelial cell tubulogenesis. In vivo, HKE2 induced the growth of blood vessels into polyacetal sponges implanted in mice. HKE2-mediated effects in vitro and in vivo were blocked by the VEGFR2 inhibitor vatalanib, indicating that the pro-angiogenic effect of HKE2 was mediated by VEGFR2. HKE2 covalently bound and inhibited PTP1B, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates VEGFR2, thereby providing a possible molecular mechanism for how HKE2 induced pro-angiogenic signaling. In summary, our studies indicate that biosynthetic cross-over of the 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways gives rise to a potent lipid autacoid that regulates endothelial cell function in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that common drugs targeting the arachidonic acid pathway could prove useful in antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Nakashima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paula B Luis
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sai H Presley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Robert E Boer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Manuel Chiusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gary A Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | - Claus Schneider
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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4
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Altered mechanotransduction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis osteoblasts: an exploratory in vitro study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1846. [PMID: 35115632 PMCID: PMC8813918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05918-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most prevalent pediatric spinal deformity. We previously demonstrated elongated cilia and an altered molecular mechanosensory response in AIS osteoblasts. The purpose of this exploratory study was to characterize the mechanosensory defect occurring in AIS osteoblasts. We found that cilia length dynamics in response to flow significantly differ in AIS osteoblasts compared to control cells. In addition, strain-induced rearrangement of actin filaments was compromised resulting in a failure of AIS osteoblasts to position or elongate in function of the bidirectional-applied flow. Contrary to control osteoblasts, fluid flow had an inhibitory effect on AIS cell migration. Moreover, flow induced an increase in secreted VEGF-A and PGE2 in control but not AIS cells. Collectively our data demonstrated that in addition to the observed primary cilium defects, there are cytoskeletal abnormalities correlated to impaired mechanotransduction in AIS. Thus, we propose that the AIS etiology could be a result of generalized defects in cellular mechanotransduction given that an adolescent growing spine is under constant stimulation for growth and bone remodeling in response to applied mechanical forces. Recognition of an altered mechanotransduction as part of the AIS pathomechanism must be considered in the conception and development of more effective bracing treatments.
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5
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Martin CS, Cooper MS, Hardy RS. Endogenous Glucocorticoid Metabolism in Bone: Friend or Foe. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:733611. [PMID: 34512556 PMCID: PMC8429897 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.733611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tissue specific metabolism of endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) in the pathogenesis of human disease has been a field of intense interest over the last 20 years, fuelling clinical trials of metabolism inhibitors in the treatment of an array of metabolic diseases. Localised pre-receptor metabolism of endogenous and therapeutic GCs by the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) enzymes (which interconvert endogenous GCs between their inactive and active forms) are increasingly recognised as being critical in mediating both their positive and negative actions on bone homeostasis. In this review we explore the roles of endogenous and therapeutic GC metabolism by the 11β-HSD enzymes in the context of bone metabolism and bone cell function, and consider future strategies aimed at modulating this system in order to manage and treat various bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. Martin
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S. Cooper
- Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rowan S. Hardy
- Arthritis Research United Kingdom (UK) Career Development Fellow, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rowan S. Hardy,
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6
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Matsugami D, Murakami T, Yoshida W, Imamura K, Bizenjima T, Seshima F, Saito A. Treatment with functionalized designer self-assembling peptide hydrogels promotes healing of experimental periodontal defects. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:162-172. [PMID: 33022075 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It has been reported that self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels with functionalized motifs enhance proliferation and migration of host cells. How these designer SAP hydrogels perform in the treatment of periodontal defects remains unknown. This study aimed to test the potential of local application of designer SAP hydrogels with two different functionalized motifs in the treatment of experimental periodontal defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro, viability/proliferation of rat periodontal ligament-derived cells (PDLCs) cultured on an SAP hydrogel RADA16 and RADA16 with functionalized motifs, PRG (integrin binding sequence) and PDS (laminin cell adhesion motif), was assessed. Cell morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In vivo, standardized periodontal defects were made mesially in the maxillary first molars of Wistar rats. Defects received RADA16, PRG, PDS or left unfilled. At 2 or 4 weeks postoperatively, healing was assessed by microcomputed tomography, histological and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS Viability/proliferation of PDLCs was significantly greater on PRG than on RADA16 or PDS at 72 hours. rPDLCs in the PRG group showed enhanced elongations and cell protrusions. In vivo, at 4 weeks, bone volume fractions in the PRG and PDS groups were significantly greater than the RADA16 group. Histologically, bone formation was more clearly observed in the PRG and PDS groups compared with the RADA16 group. At 4 weeks, epithelial downgrowth in the hydrogel groups was significantly reduced compared to the Unfilled group. In Azan-Mallory staining, PDL-like bundles ran in oblique direction in the hydrogel groups. At 2 weeks, in the area near the root, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were detected significantly more in the PRG group than other groups. At 4 weeks, in the middle part of the defect, a significantly greater level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-positive cells and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive blood vessels were observed in the PRG group than in other groups. CONCLUSION The results indicate that local application of the functionalized designer SAP hydrogels, especially PRG, promotes periodontal healing by increasing cell proliferation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsugami
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fumi Seshima
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Abstract
Bone is one of the most highly adaptive tissues in the body, possessing the capability to alter its morphology and function in response to stimuli in its surrounding environment. The ability of bone to sense and convert external mechanical stimuli into a biochemical response, which ultimately alters the phenotype and function of the cell, is described as mechanotransduction. This review aims to describe the fundamental physiology and biomechanisms that occur to induce osteogenic adaptation of a cell following application of a physical stimulus. Considerable developments have been made in recent years in our understanding of how cells orchestrate this complex interplay of processes, and have become the focus of research in osteogenesis. We will discuss current areas of preclinical and clinical research exploring the harnessing of mechanotransductive properties of cells and applying them therapeutically, both in the context of fracture healing and de novo bone formation in situations such as nonunion. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;9(1):1–14.
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8
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Langsten KL, Kim JH, Sarver AL, Dewhirst M, Modiano JF. Comparative Approach to the Temporo-Spatial Organization of the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1185. [PMID: 31788448 PMCID: PMC6854022 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex ecosystem in which tumor cells reside and interact, termed the tumor microenvironment (TME), encompasses all cells and components associated with a neoplasm that are not transformed cells. Interactions between tumor cells and the TME are complex and fluid, with each facet coercing the other, largely, into promoting tumor progression. While the TME in humans is relatively well-described, a compilation and comparison of the TME in our canine counterparts has not yet been described. As is the case in humans, dog tumors exhibit greater heterogeneity than what is appreciated in laboratory animal models, although the current level of knowledge on similarities and differences in the TME between dogs and humans, and the practical implications of that information, require further investigation. This review summarizes some of the complexities of the human and mouse TME and interjects with what is known in the dog, relaying the information in the context of the temporo-spatial organization of the TME. To the authors' knowledge, the development of the TME over space and time has not been widely discussed, and a comprehensive review of the canine TME has not been done. The specific topics covered in this review include cellular invasion and interactions within the TME, metabolic derangements in the TME and vascular invasion, and the involvement of the TME in tumor spread and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall L Langsten
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Jong Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Aaron L Sarver
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology Department, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jaime F Modiano
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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9
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Goring A, Sharma A, Javaheri B, Smith RC, Kanczler JM, Boyde A, Hesse E, Mahajan S, Olsen BR, Pitsillides AA, Schneider P, Oreffo RO, Clarkin CE. Regulation of the Bone Vascular Network is Sexually Dimorphic. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2117-2132. [PMID: 31269275 PMCID: PMC6899569 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblast (OB) lineage cells are an important source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is critical for bone growth and repair. During bone development, pubertal differences in males and females exist, but little is known about whether VEGF signaling contributes to skeletal sexual dimorphism. We have found that in mice, conditional disruption of VEGF in osteocalcin-expressing cells (OcnVEGFKO) exerts a divergent influence on morphological, cellular, and whole bone properties between sexes. Furthermore, we describe an underlying sexual divergence in VEGF signaling in OB cultures in vitro independent of circulating sex hormones. High-resolution synchrotron computed tomography and backscattered scanning electron microscopy revealed, in males, extensive unmineralized osteoid encasing enlarged blood vessel canals and osteocyte lacunae in cortical bone after VEGF deletion, which contributed to increased porosity. VEGF was deleted in male and female long bone-derived OBs (OBVEGKO) in vitro and Raman spectroscopic analyses of mineral and matrix repertoires highlighted differences between male and female OBVEGFKO cells, with increased immature phosphate species prevalent in male OBVEGFKO cultures versus wild type (WT). Further sexual dimorphism was observed in bone marrow endothelial cell gene expression in vitro after VEGF deletion and in sclerostin protein expression, which was increased in male OcnVEGFKO bones versus WT. The impact of altered OB matrix composition after VEGF deletion on whole bone geometry was assessed between sexes, although significant differences between OcnVEGFKO and WT were identified only in females. Our results suggest that bone-derived VEGF regulates matrix mineralization and vascularization distinctly in males and females, which results in divergent physical bone traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Goring
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Aikta Sharma
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Behzad Javaheri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Rosanna Cg Smith
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Janos M Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alan Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eric Hesse
- Institute of Molecular Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- Institute for Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Pitsillides
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Bioengineering Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Oc Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cell and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Claire E Clarkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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10
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Matsuno Y, Umeno J, Esaki M, Hirakawa Y, Fuyuno Y, Okamoto Y, Hirano A, Yasukawa S, Hirai F, Matsui T, Hosomi S, Watanabe K, Hosoe N, Ogata H, Hisamatsu T, Yanai S, Kochi S, Kurahara K, Yao T, Torisu T, Kitazono T, Matsumoto T. Measurement of prostaglandin metabolites is useful in diagnosis of small bowel ulcerations. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:1753-1763. [PMID: 31011259 PMCID: PMC6465938 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i14.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported on a hereditary enteropathy associated with a gene encoding a prostaglandin transporter and referred to as chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS). Crohn’s disease (CD) is a major differential diagnosis of CEAS, because these diseases share some clinical features. Therefore, there is a need to develop a convenient screening test to distinguish CEAS from CD.
AIM To examine whether prostaglandin E major urinary metabolites (PGE-MUM) can serve as a biomarker to distinguish CEAS from CD.
METHODS This was a transactional study of 20 patients with CEAS and 98 patients with CD. CEAS was diagnosed by the confirmation of homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation of SLCO2A1. We measured the concentration of PGE-MUM in spot urine by radioimmunoassay, and the concentration was compared between the two groups of patients. We also determined the optimal cut-off value of PGE-MUM to distinguish CEAS from CD by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
RESULTS Twenty Japanese patients with CEAS and 98 patients with CD were enrolled. PGE-MUM concentration in patients with CEAS was significantly higher than that in patients with CD (median 102.7 vs 27.9 μg/g × Cre, P < 0.0001). One log unit increase in PGE-MUM contributed to 7.3 increase in the likelihood for the diagnosis of CEAS [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2-16.7]. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the association was significant even after adjusting confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio 29.6, 95%CI 4.7-185.7). ROC curve analysis revealed the optimal PGE-MUM cut-off value for the distinction of CEAS from CD to be 48.9 μg/g × Cre with 95.0% sensitivity and 79.6% specificity.
CONCLUSION PGE-MUM measurement is a convenient, non-invasive and useful test for the distinction of CEAS from CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Matsuno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junji Umeno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Motohiro Esaki
- Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutic, Saga University Hospital, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Fuyuno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Okamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hirano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Yasukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino 818-8502, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hirai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino 818-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino 818-8502, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hosomi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Intestinal Inflammation Research, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosoe
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ogata
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- the Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yanai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Shuji Kochi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama 790-8524, Japan
| | - Koichi Kurahara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital, Matsuyama 790-8524, Japan
| | - Tsuneyoshi Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sada Hospital, Fukuoka 810-0004, Japan
| | - Takehiro Torisu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
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11
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Marques P, Korbonits M. Pseudoacromegaly. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:113-143. [PMID: 30448536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with acromegaloid physical appearance or tall stature may be referred to endocrinologists to exclude growth hormone (GH) excess. While some of these subjects could be healthy individuals with normal variants of growth or physical traits, others will have acromegaly or pituitary gigantism, which are, in general, straightforward diagnoses upon assessment of the GH/IGF-1 axis. However, some patients with physical features resembling acromegaly - usually affecting the face and extremities -, or gigantism - accelerated growth/tall stature - will have no abnormalities in the GH axis. This scenario is termed pseudoacromegaly, and its correct diagnosis can be challenging due to the rarity and variability of these conditions, as well as due to significant overlap in their characteristics. In this review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of pseudoacromegaly conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences with acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, to aid physicians with the diagnosis of patients with pseudoacromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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12
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Raines AL, Berger MB, Patel N, Hyzy SL, Boyan BD, Schwartz Z. VEGF-A regulates angiogenesis during osseointegration of Ti implants via paracrine/autocrine regulation of osteoblast response to hierarchical microstructure of the surface. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:423-433. [PMID: 30461195 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Establishment of a patent vasculature at the bone-implant interface plays a significant role in determining overall success of orthopedic and dental implants. Osteoblasts produce vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an important regulator of angiogenesis during bone formation and healing, and the amount secreted is sensitive to titanium (Ti) surface microtopography and surface energy. The purpose of this study was to determine if surface properties modulate cellular response to VEGF-A. MG63 osteoblast-like cells were transfected with shRNA targeting VEGF-A at >80% knockdown. Cells stably silenced for VEGF-A secreted reduced levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, FGF-2, and angiopoietin-1 when cultured on grit-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) and hydrophilic SLA (modSLA) Ti surfaces and conditioned media from these cultures caused reduced angiogenesis in an endothelial tubule formation assay. Treatment of MG63 cells with 20 ng/mL rhVEGF-A165 rescued production in silenced cells and increased production of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, FGF-2, and angiopoietin-1, with greatest effects on control cells cultured on modSLA. Addition of a neutralization antibody against VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2; Flk-1) resulted in a significant increase in VEGF-A production. Overall, this study indicates that VEGF-A has two roles in osseointegration: enhanced angiogenesis and an autocrine/paracrine role in maturation of osteoblast-like cells in response to Ti surface properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 423-433, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Raines
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael B Berger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nehal Patel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon L Hyzy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Periodontology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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13
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Lind T, Lugano R, Gustafson AM, Norgård M, van Haeringen A, Dimberg A, Melhus H, Robertson SP, Andersson G. Bones in human CYP26B1 deficiency and rats with hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegfa overexpression. Bone Rep 2018; 9:27-36. [PMID: 30003121 PMCID: PMC6039751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angulated femurs are present prenatally both in CYP26B1 deficient humans with a reduced capacity to degrade retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A), and mice overexpressing vascular endothelial growth factor a (Vegfa). Since excessive ingestion of vitamin A is known to induce spontaneous fractures and as the Vegfa-induced femur angulation in mice appears to be caused by intrauterine fractures, we analyzed bones from a CYP26B1 deficient human and rats with hypervitaminosis A to further explore Vegfa as a mechanistic link for the effect of vitamin A on bone. We show that bone from a human with CYP26B1 mutations displayed periosteal osteoclasts in piles within deep resorption pits, a pathognomonic sign of hypervitaminosis A. Analysis of the human angulated fetal femur revealed excessive bone formation in the marrow cavity and abundant blood vessels. Normal human endothelial cells showed disturbed cell-cell junctions and increased CYP26B1 and VEGFA expression upon RA exposure. Studies in rats showed increased plasma and tissue Vegfa concentrations and signs of bone marrow microhemorrhage on the first day of excess dietary vitamin A intake. Subsequently hypervitaminosis A rats displayed excess bone formation, fibrosis and an increased number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, which are known characteristics of Vegfa overexpression. This study supports the notion that the skeletal phenotype in CYP26B1 deficient human bone is caused by excess RA. Our findings suggest that an initial part of the vitamin A mechanism causing bone alterations is mediated by excess Vegfa and disturbed bone marrow microvessel integrity. Human CYP26B1 deficit and rat hypervitaminosis A phenocopy Vegf bone overexpression Hypervitaminosis A cause rapid microhemorrhage in rat bone marrow. Retinoic acid treatment disrupt cell-cell junction integrity between endothelial cells. Hypervitaminosis A have a persistent negative effect on rat bone marrow perfusion. Hypervitaminosis A rat bones resemble bones of patients with myelofibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Marie Gustafson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Norgård
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14152 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, The Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Osteoporosis, Uppsala University, University Hospital, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen P Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Göran Andersson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14152 Huddinge, Sweden
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14
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Deng S, Zhou JL, Peng H, Fang HS, Liu F, Weng JQ. Local intra‑articular injection of vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates articular cartilage degeneration in rat osteoarthritis model. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6311-6318. [PMID: 29488610 PMCID: PMC5928607 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA), articular cartilage degeneration exhibits a significant role. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered to be an effective angiogenic factor and a crucial regulator of articular cartilage degeneration in the development of OA. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the underlying influences of exogenous VEGF on articular cartilage degeneration in OA model rat. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups. In the normal saline (NS) and VEGF groups, animals received bilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection to establish the OA model; at 4 weeks post-surgery, the rats received local intra-articular injections of 100 µl NS or VEGF solution, respectively, every week for 4 weeks. The Control group received neither surgery nor injections. All animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks following surgery. Prominent cartilage degeneration was observed in rats in the NS- and VEGF-injected groups. The extent and the grade of cartilage damage in the VEGF-injected group were notably more severe compared with those in the NS-treated group. Western blotting results demonstrated that the expression levels of aggrecan and type II collagen were significantly reduced in OA model rats that were treated with VEGF. In addition, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase; ADAMTS)-4, −5 and −12, type III collagen and transforming growth factor-β1 were significantly increased following VEGF administration. Results from the present study indicated that VEGF may exhibit a promoting role in the development of OA by destroying articular cartilage matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Lin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Song Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Qing Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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15
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Abstract
Initial research on vitamin E and cancer has focused on α-tocopherol (αT), but recent clinical studies on cancer-preventive effects of αT supplementation have shown disappointing results, which has led to doubts about the role of vitamin E, including different vitamin E forms, in cancer prevention. However, accumulating mechanistic and preclinical animal studies show that other forms of vitamin E, such as γ-tocopherol (γT), δ-tocopherol (δT), γ-tocotrienol (γTE), and δ-tocotrienol (δTE), have far superior cancer-preventive activities than does αT. These vitamin E forms are much stronger than αT in inhibiting multiple cancer-promoting pathways, including cyclo-oxygenase (COX)- and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX)-catalyzed eicosanoids, and transcription factors such as nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3). These vitamin E forms, but not αT, cause pro-death or antiproliferation effects in cancer cells via modulating various signaling pathways, including sphingolipid metabolism. Unlike αT, these vitamin E forms are quickly metabolized to various carboxychromanols including 13'-carboxychromanols, which have even stronger anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects than some vitamin precursors. Consistent with mechanistic findings, γT, δT, γTE, and δTE, but not αT, have been shown to be effective for preventing the progression of various types of cancer in preclinical animal models. This review focuses on cancer-preventive effects and mechanisms of γT, δT, γTE, and δTE in cells and preclinical models and discusses current progress in clinical trials. The existing evidence strongly indicates that these lesser-known vitamin E forms are effective agents for cancer prevention or as adjuvants for improving prevention, therapy, and control of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jiang
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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16
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Ifegwu OC, Awale G, Rajpura K, Lo KWH, Laurencin CT. Harnessing cAMP signaling in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1027-1044. [PMID: 28359841 PMCID: PMC7440772 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the most recent findings in the search for small molecule cyclic AMP analogues regarding their potential use in musculoskeletal regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okechukwu Clinton Ifegwu
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06030, USA
| | - Komal Rajpura
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Kevin W-H Lo
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06268, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, School of Engineering, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
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17
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Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy Secondary to Lung Cancer: Beneficial Effect of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antibody. J Clin Rheumatol 2016; 23:47-50. [PMID: 28002159 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Yamakawa H, Sekine A, Kato T, Yamanaka Y, Hagiwara E, Umeda S, Ogura T. A case of severe arthralgia with malignant mesothelioma‐associated hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4:1057-1060. [PMID: 27830073 PMCID: PMC5093163 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a rare syndrome characterized by the abnormal proliferation of dermato‐osseous tissue. We report a rare case of malignant mesothelioma‐associated HOA who suffered from refractory painful osteoarthropathy. HOA can be associated with malignant mesothelioma and that may be resistant to any treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Yamakawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center Yokohama Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Tokyo Jikei University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Akimasa Sekine
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Terufumi Kato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Yumie Yamanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center Yokohama Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Tokyo Jikei University Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Eri Hagiwara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center Yokohama Japan
| | - Shigeaki Umeda
- Department of Pathobiology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center Yokohama Japan
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19
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Das UN. Diabetic macular edema, retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration as inflammatory conditions. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:1142-1157. [PMID: 27695506 PMCID: PMC5016593 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.61918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are complications affecting about 25% of all patients with long-standing type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and are a major cause of significant decrease in vision and quality of life. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is not uncommon, and diabetes mellitus affects the incidence and progression of AMD through altering hemodynamics, increasing oxidative stress, accumulating advanced glycation end products, etc. Recent studies suggest that DME, DR and AMD are inflammatory conditions characterized by a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, inflammatory processes and an increase in vascular permeability. Key factors that seem to have a dominant role in DME, DR and AMD are angiotensin II, prostaglandins and the vascular endothelial growth factor and a deficiency of anti-inflammatory bioactive lipids. The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids and enhanced production of pro-angiogenic factors may initiate the onset and progression of DME, DR and AMD. This implies that bioactive lipids that possess anti-inflammatory actions and suppress the production of angiogenic factors could be employed in the prevention and management of DME, DR and AMD.
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20
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Hu K, Olsen BR. The roles of vascular endothelial growth factor in bone repair and regeneration. Bone 2016; 91:30-8. [PMID: 27353702 PMCID: PMC4996701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is one of the most important growth factors for regulation of vascular development and angiogenesis. Since bone is a highly vascularized organ and angiogenesis plays an important role in osteogenesis, VEGF also influences skeletal development and postnatal bone repair. Compromised bone repair and regeneration in many patients can be attributed to impaired blood supply; thus, modulation of VEGF levels in bones represents a potential strategy for treating compromised bone repair and improving bone regeneration. This review (i) summarizes the roles of VEGF at different stages of bone repair, including the phases of inflammation, endochondral ossification, intramembranous ossification during callus formation and bone remodeling; (ii) discusses different mechanisms underlying the effects of VEGF on osteoblast function, including paracrine, autocrine and intracrine signaling during bone repair; (iii) summarizes the role of VEGF in the bone regenerative procedure, distraction osteogenesis; and (iv) reviews evidence for the effects of VEGF in the context of repair and regeneration techniques involving the use of scaffolds, skeletal stem cells and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP, Itkin T, Gur-Cohen S, Lapidot T, Adams RH. Regulation of Hematopoiesis and Osteogenesis by Blood Vessel-Derived Signals. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2016; 32:649-675. [PMID: 27576121 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-124936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their conventional role as a versatile transport system, blood vessels provide signals controlling organ development, regeneration, and stem cell behavior. In the skeletal system, certain capillaries support perivascular osteoprogenitor cells and thereby control bone formation. Blood vessels are also a critical component of niche microenvironments for hematopoietic stem cells. Here we discuss key pathways and factors controlling endothelial cell behavior in bone, the role of vessels in osteogenesis, and the nature of vascular stem cell niches in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana K Ramasamy
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48169 Münster, Germany; .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48169 Münster, Germany; .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tomer Itkin
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel;
| | - Shiri Gur-Cohen
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel;
| | - Tsvee Lapidot
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel;
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48169 Münster, Germany; .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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22
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Dubrey S, Pal S, Singh S, Karagiannis G. Digital clubbing: forms, associations and pathophysiology. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2016; 77:403-8. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2016.77.7.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dubrey
- Consultant Cardiologist in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex UB8 3NN
| | - Shrestha Pal
- FY1 in General Internal Medicine in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex
| | - Sarneet Singh
- CT2 in Cardiology in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex
| | - Georgios Karagiannis
- Consultant Cardiologist in the Department of Cardiology, Hillingdon and Mount Vernon Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesex
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23
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Liu C, Zhang X, Wu M, You L. Mechanical loading up-regulates early remodeling signals from osteocytes subjected to physical damage. J Biomech 2015; 48:4221-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Bălan M, Kiefer F. A novel model for ectopic, chronic, intravital multiphoton imaging of bone marrow vasculature and architecture in split femurs. INTRAVITAL 2015; 4:e1066949. [PMID: 28243515 PMCID: PMC5312711 DOI: 10.1080/21659087.2015.1066949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Creating a model for intravital visualization of femoral bone marrow, a major site of hematopoiesis in adult mammalian organisms, poses a serious challenge, in that it needs to overcome bone opacity and the inaccessibility of marrow. Furthermore, meaningful analysis of bone marrow developmental and differentiation processes requires the repetitive observation of the same site over long periods of time, which we refer to as chronic imaging. To surmount these issues, we developed a chronic intravital imaging model that allows the observation of split femurs, ectopically transplanted into a dorsal skinfold chamber of a host mouse. Repeated, long term observations are facilitated by multiphoton microscopy, an imaging technique that combines superior imaging capacity at greater tissue depth with low phototoxicity. The transplanted, ectopic femur was stabilized by its sterile environment and rapidly connected to the host vasculature, allowing further development and observation of extended processes. After optimizing transplant age and grafting procedure, we observed the development of new woven bone and maturation of secondary ossification centers in the transplanted femurs, preceded by the sprouting of a sinusoidal-like vascular network, which was almost entirely composed of femoral endothelial cells. After two weeks, the transplant was still populated with stromal and haematopoietic cells belonging both to donor and host. Over this time frame, the transplant partially retained myeloid progenitor cells with single and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. In summary, our model allowed repeated intravital imaging of bone marrow angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. It represents a promising starting point for the development of improved chronic optical imaging models for femoral bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Bălan
- Mammalian Cell Signaling Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine; Münster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence; Cells in Motion, CiM; Münster, Germany; Current address: Division of Vascular Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB); Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- Mammalian Cell Signaling Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine; Münster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence; Cells in Motion, CiM; Münster, Germany
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25
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Marini M, Bertolai R, Ambrosini S, Sarchielli E, Vannelli GB, Sgambati E. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human fetal skeletal site-specific tissues: Mandible versus femur. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:228-34. [PMID: 25769656 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a well-known mediator that signals through pathways in angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Angiogenesis and bone formation are coupled during either skeletal development or bone remodeling and repair occurring in postnatal life. In this study, we examined for the first time the expression of VEGF in human fetal mandibular and femoral bone in comparison with the respective adult tissues. Similarly to other craniofacial bones, but at variance with the axial and appendicular skeleton, during development mandible does not arise from mesoderm but neural crest cells of the neuroectoderm germ layer, and undergoes intramembranous instead of endochondral ossification. By quantitative real-time PCR technique, we could show that VEGF gene expression levels were significantly higher in fetal than in adult samples, especially in femoral tissue. Western blotting analysis confirmed higher protein expression of VEGF in the fetal femur respect to the mandible. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that in both fetal tissues VEGF expression was mainly localized in pre- and osteoblasts. Differential expression of VEGF in femoral and mandibular bone tissues could be related to their different structure, function and development during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirca Marini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Roberto Bertolai
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ambrosini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Erica Sarchielli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Barbara Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Sgambati
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, Pesche 86090 Isernia, Italy.
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Macé V, Ahluwalia A, Coron E, Le Rhun M, Boureille A, Bossard C, Mosnier JF, Matysiak-Budnik T, Tarnawski AS. Confocal laser endomicroscopy: a new gold standard for the assessment of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30 Suppl 1:85-92. [PMID: 25827810 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Endoscopic assessment of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasingly accepted as a measure of disease activity, therapeutic goal, and the key prognostic indicator. While regular endoscopy evaluates appearance of the mucosal surface, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) enables in vivo visualization of subepithelial mucosa at 1000× magnification during ongoing endoscopy. Our aims were to determine using CLE whether endoscopically normal appearing colonic mucosa in patients with UC in remission (UC-IR) has fully regenerated mucosal structures, resolved inflammation, and to identify the mechanisms. METHODS Twelve patients (six controls and six with UC-IR) underwent colonoscopy using CLE and intravenous fluorescein infusion. During colonoscopy, CLE images of colonic mucosa and conventional mucosal biopsies were obtained and evaluated using image-analysis systems. We quantified; (i) regeneration of colonic crypts and blood microvessels; (ii) cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) expression; (iii) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations; (iv) inflammatory infiltration; and (v) vascular permeability (VP). RESULTS In control subjects, CLE demonstrated normal colonic crypts and microvasculature. COX2 expression was minimal, and < 7% crypts showed mtDNA mutations. Colonic mucosa of UC-IR patients had impaired and distorted crypt regeneration, increased COX2, 69% crypts with mtDNA mutations, persistent inflammation, and abnormal vascular architecture with increased VP (all P < 0.001 vs normal mucosa). CONCLUSIONS (i) Endoscopically normal appearing colonic mucosa of patients with UC-IR remains abnormal: CLE demonstrates impaired crypt regeneration, persistent inflammation, distinct abnormalities in angioarchitecture and increased vascular permeability; molecular imaging showed increased COX2 and mtDNA mutations; (ii) CLE may serve as a new gold standard for the assessment of mucosal healing in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Macé
- Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, CIC INSERM 04 et Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU de Nantes, France
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27
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Hoier B, Hellsten Y. Exercise-induced capillary growth in human skeletal muscle and the dynamics of VEGF. Microcirculation 2015; 21:301-14. [PMID: 24450403 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, growth of capillaries is an important adaptation to exercise training that secures adequate diffusion capacity for oxygen and nutrients even at high-intensity exercise when increases in muscle blood flow are profound. Mechanical forces present during muscle activity, such as shear stress and passive stretch, lead to cellular signaling, enhanced expression of angiogenic factors, and initiation of capillary growth. The most central angiogenic factor in skeletal muscle capillary growth is VEGF. During muscle contraction, VEGF increases in the muscle interstitium, acts on VEGF receptors on the capillary endothelium, and thereby stimulates angiogenic processes. A primary source of muscle interstitial VEGF during exercise is the skeletal muscle fibers which contain large stores of VEGF within vesicles. We propose that, during muscle activity, these VEGF-containing vesicles are redistributed toward the sarcolemma where the contents are secreted into the extracellular fluid. VEGF mRNA expression is increased primarily after exercise, which allows for a more rapid replenishment of VEGF stores lost through secretion during exercise. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanisms and regulation of VEGF secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Hoier
- Division of Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Khanna V, Tushinski DM, Drexler M, Backstein DB, Gross AE, Safir OA, Kuzyk PR. Cartilage restoration of the hip using fresh osteochondral allograft. Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:11-6. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.96b11.34734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defects of the hip cause significant pain and may lead to arthritic changes that necessitate hip replacement. We propose the use of fresh osteochondral allografts as an option for the treatment of such defects in young patients. Here we present the results of fresh osteochondral allografts for cartilage defects in 17 patients in a prospective study. The underlying diagnoses for the cartilage defects were osteochondritis dissecans in eight and avascular necrosis in six. Two had Legg-Calve-Perthes and one a femoral head fracture. Pre-operatively, an MRI was used to determine the size of the cartilage defect and the femoral head diameter. All patients underwent surgical hip dislocation with a trochanteric slide osteotomy for placement of the allograft. The mean age at surgery was 25.9 years (17 to 44) and mean follow-up was 41.6 months (3 to 74). The mean Harris hip score was significantly better after surgery (p < 0.01) and 13 patients had fair to good outcomes. One patient required a repeat allograft, one patient underwent hip replacement and two patients are awaiting hip replacement. Fresh osteochondral allograft is a reasonable treatment option for hip cartilage defects in young patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Supple A):11–16.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Khanna
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600
University Avenue, Room 476A, Toronto, Ontario, M5G
1X5, Canada
| | - D. M. Tushinski
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600
University Avenue, Room 476A, Toronto, Ontario, M5G
1X5, Canada
| | - M. Drexler
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600
University Avenue, Room 476A, Toronto, Ontario, M5G
1X5, Canada
| | - D. B. Backstein
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600
University Avenue, Room 476A, Toronto, Ontario, M5G
1X5, Canada
| | - A. E. Gross
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600
University Avenue, Room 476A, Toronto, Ontario, M5G
1X5, Canada
| | - O. A. Safir
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600
University Avenue, Room 476A, Toronto, Ontario, M5G
1X5, Canada
| | - P. R. Kuzyk
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, 600
University Avenue, Room 476A, Toronto, Ontario, M5G
1X5, Canada
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Ahluwalia A, Baatar D, Jones MK, Tarnawski AS. Novel mechanisms and signaling pathways of esophageal ulcer healing: the role of prostaglandin EP2 receptors, cAMP, and pCREB. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G602-10. [PMID: 25059824 PMCID: PMC4166721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00177.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies indicate that prostaglandins of E class (PGEs) may promote healing of tissue injury e.g., gastroduodenal and dermal ulcers. However, the precise roles of PGEs, their E-prostanoid (EP) receptors, signaling pathways including cAMP and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and their relation to VEGF and angiogenesis in the tissue injury healing process remain unknown, forming the rationale for this study. Using an esophageal ulcer model in rats, we demonstrated that esophageal mucosa expresses predominantly EP2 receptors and that esophageal ulceration triggers an increase in expression of the EP2 receptor, activation of CREB (the downstream target of the cAMP signaling), and enhanced VEGF gene expression. Treatment of rats with misoprostol, a PGE1 analog capable of activating EP receptors, enhanced phosphorylation of CREB, stimulated VEGF expression and angiogenesis, and accelerated esophageal ulcer healing. In cultured human esophageal epithelial (HET-1A) cells, misoprostol increased intracellular cAMP levels (by 163-fold), induced phosphorylation of CREB, and stimulated VEGF expression. A cAMP analog (Sp-cAMP) mimicked, whereas an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (Rp-cAMP) blocked, these effects of misoprostol. These results indicate that the EP2/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway mediates the stimulatory effect of PGEs on angiogenesis essential for tissue injury healing via the induction of CREB activity and VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ahluwalia
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Dolgor Baatar
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Michael K Jones
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Andrzej S Tarnawski
- Medical and Research Services, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System (VALBHS), Long Beach, California, and the Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of California, Irvine, California
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Abstract
For patients that present with musculoskeletal symptoms, diagnostic procedures carried out by physicians and rheumatologists are primarily aimed at confirming or excluding the occurrence of primary rheumatic diseases. Another important trigger for musculoskeletal disease, however, is the presence of a tumour. Careful clinical investigation and knowledge of the gestalt of musculoskeletal syndromes related to respective tumour entities is of utmost importance for the diagnosis of paraneoplastic rheumatic diseases such as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, paraneoplastic polyarthritis, RS3PE syndrome, palmar fasciitis and polyarthritis, cancer-associated myositis and tumour-induced osteomalacia. This places great responsibility on rheumatologists in diagnosing malignancies and referring the patient for effective treatment. The selective influence of tumours on musculoskeletal tissue is surprising and indicates that tumours alter tissues such as the periosteum, synovial membrane, subcutaneous connective tissue, fascia, muscles and bones by specific molecular processes. Some of the underlying mechanisms have been unravelled, providing valuable information on the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Manger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Cheung CY, Beardall MK, Anderson DF, Brace RA. Prostaglandin E2 regulation of amnion cell vascular endothelial growth factor expression: relationship with intramembranous absorption rate in fetal sheep. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R354-60. [PMID: 24898841 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00070.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates amniotic fluid transport across the amnion by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in amnion cells and that amniotic PGE2 concentration correlates positively with intramembranous (IM) absorption rate in fetal sheep. The effects of PGE2 at a range of concentrations on VEGF 164 and caveolin-1 gene expressions were analyzed in cultured ovine amnion cells. IM absorption rate, amniotic fluid (AF) volume, and PGE2 concentration in AF were determined in late-gestation fetal sheep during control conditions, isovolumic fetal urine replacement (low IM absorption rate), or intra-amniotic fluid infusion (high IM absorption rate). In ovine amnion cells, PGE2 induced dose- and time-dependent increases in VEGF 164 mRNA levels and reduced caveolin-1 mRNA and protein levels. VEGF receptor blockade abolished the caveolin-1 response, while minimally affecting the VEGF response to PGE2. In sheep fetuses, urine replacement reduced amniotic PGE2 concentration by 58%, decreased IM absorption rate by half, and doubled AF volume (P < 0.01). Intra-amniotic fluid infusion increased IM absorption rate and AF volume (P < 0.01), while amniotic PGE2 concentration was unchanged. Neither IM absorption rate nor AF volume correlated with amniotic PGE2 concentration under each experimental condition. Although PGE2 at micromolar concentrations induced dose-dependent responses in VEGF and caveolin-1 gene expression in cultured amnion cells consistent with a role of PGE2 in activating VEGF to mediate AF transport across the amnion, amniotic PGE2 at physiological nanomolar concentrations does not appear to regulate IM absorption rate or AF volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y Cheung
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael K Beardall
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Debra F Anderson
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Robert A Brace
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon; and Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Involvement of TSP1 and MMP9/NGAL in angiogenesis during orthodontic periodontal remodeling. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:421029. [PMID: 24967433 PMCID: PMC4054803 DOI: 10.1155/2014/421029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study the aim was to measure the levels of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and Lipocalin-2/matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9/NGAL) complex in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at different time points of orthodontic treatment, to determine the relationship between these values and those of total-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and theirs implication in angiogenesis balance, in the situation of a good control of the bacterial plaque, emphasizing the role of TSP1 and MMP9/NGAL complex. GCF samples were collected from 16 young orthodontic patients requiring upper canine distalization (test tooth) with first premolar extraction. The contralateral canine (control tooth) was free from orthodontic force. For the orthodontic appliance, brackets Roth 0.018 inch with 0.012 inch NiTi archwire and a laceback were used. TSP1, MMP9/NGAL, and MMP9 increased from 1 hour before activation of orthodontic appliance to a maximum at 8 hours for MMP9 and 72 hours for MMP9/NGAL and TSP1. The results show a change in time of TSP1, MMP9/NGAL, and MMP9 levels in GCF of patients with this method of orthodontic treatment. The powerful correlation of MMP9/NGAL with TSP1 suggests their stronger involvement in angiogenesis processes in PDL during orthodontic periodontal remodeling, in the situation of a healthy periodontium and a good control of the bacterial plaque.
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Tertil M, Skrzypek K, Florczyk U, Weglarczyk K, Was H, Collet G, Guichard A, Gil T, Kuzdzal J, Jozkowicz A, Kieda C, Pichon C, Dulak J. Regulation and novel action of thymidine phosphorylase in non-small cell lung cancer: crosstalk with Nrf2 and HO-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97070. [PMID: 24819505 PMCID: PMC4018251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proangiogenic enzyme thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is a promising target for anticancer therapy, yet its action in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is not fully understood. To elucidate its role in NSCLC tumor growth, NCI-H292 lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells and endothelial cells were engineered to overexpress TP by viral vector transduction. NSCLC cells with altered expression of transcription factor Nrf2 or its target gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were used to study the regulation of TP and the findings from pre-clinical models were related to gene expression data from clinical NSCLC specimens. Overexpression of Nrf2 or HO-1 resulted in upregulation of TP in NCI-H292 cells, an effect mimicked by treatment with an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and partially reversed by HO-1 knockdown. Overexpression of TP attenuated cell proliferation and migration in vitro, but simultaneously enhanced angiogenic potential of cancer cells supplemented with thymidine. The latter was also observed for SK-MES-1 squamous cell carcinoma and NCI-H460 large cell carcinoma cells. TP-overexpressing NCI-H292 tumors in vivo exhibited better oxygenation and higher expression of IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6. TP overexpression in endothelial cells augmented their angiogenic properties which was associated with enhanced generation of HO-1 and VEGF. Correlation of TP with the expression of HO-1 and inflammatory cytokines was confirmed in clinical samples of NSCLC. Altogether, the increased expression of IL-1β and IL-6 together with proangiogenic effects of TP-expressing NSCLC on endothelium can contribute to tumor growth, implying TP as a target for antiangiogenesis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tertil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
- Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Skrzypek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Urszula Florczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Halina Was
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Guillaume Collet
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Alan Guichard
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Tomasz Gil
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kuzdzal
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orléans, France
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Pronto-Laborinho AC, Pinto S, de Carvalho M. Roles of vascular endothelial growth factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:947513. [PMID: 24987705 PMCID: PMC4022172 DOI: 10.1155/2014/947513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal devastating neurodegenerative disorder, involving progressive degeneration of motor neurons in spinal cord, brainstem, and motor cortex. Riluzole is the only drug approved in ALS but it only confers a modest improvement in survival. In spite of a high number of clinical trials no other drug has proved effectiveness. Recent studies support that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), originally described as a key angiogenic factor, also plays a key role in the nervous system, including neurogenesis, neuronal survival, neuronal migration, and axon guidance. VEGF has been used in exploratory clinical studies with promising results in ALS and other neurological disorders. Although VEGF is a very promising compound, translating the basic science breakthroughs into clinical practice is the major challenge ahead. VEGF-B, presenting a single safety profile, protects motor neurons from degeneration in ALS animal models and, therefore, it will be particularly interesting to test its effects in ALS patients. In the present paper the authors make a brief description of the molecular properties of VEGF and its receptors and review its different features and therapeutic potential in the nervous system/neurodegenerative disease, particularly in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Pronto-Laborinho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM), Translational Clinical Physiology Unit, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Pinto
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM), Translational Clinical Physiology Unit, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (IMM), Translational Clinical Physiology Unit, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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Bianchi E, Artico M, Di Cristofano C, Leopizzi M, Taurone S, Pucci M, Gobbi P, Mignini F, Petrozza V, Pindinello I, Conconi MT, Della Rocca C. Growth factors, their receptor expression and markers for proliferation of endothelial and neoplastic cells in human osteosarcoma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 26:621-32. [PMID: 24067459 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumour of the bone. Although new therapies continue to be reported, osteosarcoma-related morbidity and mortality remain high. Modern medicine has greatly increased knowledge of the physiopathology of this neoplasm. Novel targets for drug development may be identified through an understanding of the normal molecular processes that are deeply modified in pathological conditions. The aim of the present study is to investigate, by immunohistochemistry, the localisation of different growth factors and of the proliferative marker Ki-67 in order to determine whether these factors are involved in the transformation of osteogenic cells and in the development of human osteosarcoma. We observed a general positivity for NGF - TrKA - NT3 - TrKC - VEGF in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells and a strong expression for NT4 in the nuclear compartment. TGF-beta was strongly expressed in the extracellular matrix and vascular endothelium. BDNF and TrKB showed a strong immunolabeling in the extracellular matrix. Ki-67/MIB-1 was moderately expressed in the nucleus of neoplastic cells. We believe that these growth factors may be considered potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of osteosarcoma, although proof of this hypothesis requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bianchi
- Department of Sensory Organs, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Brace RA, Cheung CY. Regulation of Amniotic Fluid Volume: Evolving Concepts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 814:49-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1031-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Bara JJ, McCarthy HE, Humphrey E, Johnson WEB, Roberts S. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells become antiangiogenic when chondrogenically or osteogenically differentiated: implications for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:147-59. [PMID: 23895198 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue repair requires formation of vascularized bone and avascular cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells stimulate angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo but it is not known if these proangiogenic properties change as a result of chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation. We investigated the angiogenic/antiangiogenic properties of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eBMSCs) before and after differentiation in vitro. Conditioned media from chondrogenic and osteogenic cell pellets and undifferentiated cells was applied to endothelial tube formation assays using Matrigel™. Additionally, the cell secretome was analysed using LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry and screened for angiogenesis and neurogenesis-related factors using protein arrays. Endothelial tube-like formation was supported by conditioned media from undifferentiated eBMSCs. Conversely, chondrogenic and osteogenic conditioned media was antiangiogenic as shown by significantly decreased length of endothelial tube-like structures and degree of branching compared to controls. Undifferentiated cells produced higher levels of angiogenesis-related proteins compared to chondrogenic and osteogenic pellets. In summary, eBMSCs produce an array of angiogenesis-related proteins and support angiogenesis in vitro via a paracrine mechanism. However, when these cells are differentiated chondrogenically or osteogenically, they produce a soluble factor(s) that inhibits angiogenesis. With respect to osteochondral tissue engineering, this may be beneficial for avascular articular cartilage formation but unfavourable for bone formation where a vascularized tissue is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Bara
- 1 Musculoskeletal Regeneration Group, AO Research Institute , Platz, Switzerland
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Senel K, Baykal T, Seferoglu B, Altas EU, Baygutalp F, Ugur M, Kiziltunc A. Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9:709-12. [PMID: 24049533 PMCID: PMC3776175 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.36896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in osteoporosis has not yet been clearly established. Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important part of bone formation. In the literature, although the effects of VEGF on bone metabolism were investigated by different studies, there are very rare studies analysing the association between osteoporosis and VEGF. In the present study, our objective was to investigate serum VEGF concentrations in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and the correlation of serum VEGF levels and bone mineral density (BMD). MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was performed on 35 PMO patients, and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Serum VEGF concentrations were measured using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique according to the manufacturer's instructions. Bone mineral density values were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS Serum VEGF concentrations were statistically significantly lower in PMO patients than in controls (150 ±65 pg/ml, 260 ±135 pg/ml respectively; p = 0.005). A positive correlation was found between serum VEGF concentrations and BMD values (r = 0.63, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were decreased in PMO patients and VEGF may play an important role in bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Senel
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ataturk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuba Baykal
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Batman Regional Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Buminhan Seferoglu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ataturk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Umay Altas
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ataturk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Baygutalp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mahir Ugur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ataturk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kiziltunc
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University Medicine Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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Moreschi E, Biguetti CC, Comparim E, De Andrade Holgado L, Ribeiro-Junior PD, Nary-Filho H, Matsumoto MA. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition does not impair block bone grafts healing in rabbit model. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:723-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Saldaña L, Crespo L, Bensiamar F, Arruebo M, Vilaboa N. Mechanical forces regulate stem cell response to surface topography. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:128-40. [PMID: 23613185 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between bone tissue and orthopedic implants are strongly affected by mechanical forces at the bone-implant interface, but the interplay between surface topographies, mechanical stimuli, and cell behavior is complex and not well understood yet. This study reports on the influence of mechanical stretch on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) attached to metallic substrates with different roughness. Controlled forces were applied to plasma membrane of hMSCs cultured on smooth and rough stainless steel surfaces using magnetic collagen-coated particles and an electromagnet system. Degree of phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) on the active form (Tyr-397), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels increased on rough samples under static conditions. Cell viability and fibronectin production decreased on rough substrates, while hMSCs maturated to the osteoblastic lineage to a similar extent on both surfaces. PGE2 production and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand ratio increased after force application on both surfaces, although to a greater extent on smooth substrates. p-FAK on Tyr-397 was induced fairly rapidly by mechanical stimulation on rough surfaces while cells cultured on smooth samples failed to activate this kinase in response to tensile forces. Mechanical forces enhanced VEGF secretion and reduced cell viability, fibronetin levels and osteoblastic maturation on smooth surfaces but not on rough samples. The magnetite beads model used in this study is well suited to characterize the response of hMSCs cultured on metallic surfaces to tensile forces and collected data suggest a mechanism whereby mechanotransduction driven by FAK is essential for stem cell growth and functioning on metallic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saldaña
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain
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Weyand B, von Schroeder HP. Altered VEGF-A and receptor mRNA expression profiles, and identification of VEGF144 in foetal rat calvaria cells, in coculture with microvascular endothelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:713-24. [PMID: 23483612 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cellular proliferation and differentiation during angiogenesis and osteogenesis require the communication of different cell types through growth factors and their receptors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) plays an important role in osteoblast and endothelial cell intercommunication. We have investigated the effect of monocultures and indirect coculture of foetal rat calvarial (FRC) osteoblasts and microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) on nodule formation, proliferation, and mRNA-expression of VEGF-A and its receptors during culturing. Despite increased nodule formation in the presence of dexamethasone (Dex) in monocultures, the number of nodules and alkaline phosphatise activity were decreased in cocultured FRCs. VEGF mRNA expression over the differentiation period showed the expression of most Vegf isoforms is biphasic in both FRCs and ECs, whereas receptor expression was quite variable; however, that of Np-2 in FRCs increased steadily and significantly from 8 h to 14 days after an initial drop in expression. Significant changes in the proportion of Vegfa by Day 14 were noted mainly in the matrix-bound variants Vegf144 and Vegf188 in ECs and osteoblasts, respectively. Less striking results were seen in the expression of the soluble isoforms in either cell type. These results have identified expression of Vegf144 in osteoblasts, suggesting a possible autocrine and/or paracrine role that is affecting osteoblast mineralisation along with Vegf188, as well as possible early roles of these isoforms in initial cell attachment. Further study of VEGF expression in coculture and Vegf144 will lead to better understanding of its role in cell-cell communication and bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Weyand
- Bone Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang Z, Zhang C, Zhang Z. Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: an update. Front Med 2013; 7:60-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11684-013-0246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Carulli C, Innocenti M, Brandi ML. Bone vascularization in normal and disease conditions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:106. [PMID: 23986744 PMCID: PMC3752619 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone vasculature is essential for many processes, such as skeletal development and growth, bone modeling and remodeling, and healing processes. Endothelium is an integral part of bone tissue, expressing a physiological paracrine function via growth factors and chemokines release, and interacting with several cellular lines. Alterations of the complex biochemical interactions between vasculature and bone cells may lead to various clinical manifestations. Two different types of pathologies result: a defect or an excess of bone vasculature or endothelium metabolism. Starting from the molecular basis of the interactions between endothelial and bone cells, the Authors present an overview of the recent acquisitions in the physiopathology of the most important clinical patterns, and the modern therapeutic strategies for their treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Carulli
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Luisa Brandi, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 650139 Florence, Italy e-mail:
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Zhao L, Wu Y, Xu Z, Wang H, Zhao Z, Li Y, Yang P, Wei X. Involvement of COX-2/PGE2 signalling in hypoxia-induced angiogenic response in endothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:1840-55. [PMID: 22050691 PMCID: PMC3822696 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01479.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the impact of hypoxia on the angiogenic capability of endothelial cells (ECs), and further investigate whether the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) signalling is involved in the angiogenic response of ECs to hypoxia. We explored the impact of various periods (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hrs) of hypoxia (2% O(2)) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. We observed cell viability, migration, tube formation, analysed COX-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AQP1 mRNA transcription, protein expression and measured PGE(2), VEGF protein concentration in cell supernatants. Then we treated HUVECs with COX-2 selective inhibitor NS398, EP1/2 combined antagonist AH6809 and exogenous PGE(2) to investigate the role of COX-2/PGE(2) signalling in the angiogenic response of ECs to hypoxia. The results demonstrated that short-term hypoxic treatment enhanced HUVECs proliferation, migration, tube formation, significantly up-regulated COX-2, VEGF, AQP1 mRNA level, protein expression and promoted PGE(2) , VEGF release. The pharmacological inhibition study revealed that exposure of HUVEC to NS398 and AH6809 under hypoxia impaired the biological responses of ECs to hypoxia. Exogenous PGE(2) augments the effects of hypoxia on HUVECs, and partially reversed the inhibitory effects of NS398 on HUVECs proliferation and angiogenic capability. Short-term hypoxic treatment enhanced angiogenic capability of ECs, and COX-2/PGE(2) signalling may play a critical role in the biological response of ECs to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Clarkin CE, Gerstenfeld LC. VEGF and bone cell signalling: an essential vessel for communication? Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:1-11. [PMID: 23129289 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell survival factor and is required for effective coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Although central to bone homeostasis, repair and the pathobiology that affect these processes, the precise mechanisms coupling endothelial cell function within bone formation and remodelling remain unclarified. This review will (i) focus on the potential directionality of VEGF signalling in adult bone by identifying the predominant source of VEGF within the bone microenvironment, (ii) will summarize current VEGF receptor expression studies by bone cells and (iii) will provide evidence for a role for VEGF signalling during postnatal repair and osteoporosis. A means of understanding the directionality of VEGF signalling in adult bone would allow us to most effectively target angiogenic pathways in diseases characterized by changes in bone remodelling rates and enhance bone repair when compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Clarkin
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Haigh JJ. Role of VEGF in organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 4:247-56. [PMID: 19337405 DOI: 10.4161/org.4.4.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular system, consisting of the heart, blood vessels and hematopoietic cells, is the first organ system to develop in vertebrates and is essential for providing oxygen and nutrients to the embryo and adult organs. Work done predominantly using the mouse and zebrafish as model systems has demonstrated that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF, also known as VEGFA) and its receptors KDR (FLK1/VEGFR2), FLT1 (VEGFR1), NRP1 and NRP2 play essential roles in many different aspects of cardiovascular development, including endothelial cell differentiation, migration and survival as well as heart formation and hematopoiesis. This review will summarize the approaches taken and conclusions reached in dissecting the role of VEGF signalling in vivo during the development of the early cardiovasculature and other organ systems. The VEGF-mediated assembly of a functional vasculature is also a prerequisite for the proper formation of other organs and for tissue homeostasis, because blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients and vascular endothelium provides inductive signals to other tissues. Particular emphasis will therefore be placed in this review on the cellular interactions between vascular endothelium and developing organ systems, in addition to a discussion of the role of VEGF in modulating the behavior of nonendothelial cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody J Haigh
- Vascular Cell Biology Unit; Department for Molecular Biomedical Research; VIB; Department of Molecular Biology; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Kuroda S, Sumner DR, Virdi AS. Effects of TGF-β1 and VEGF-A transgenes on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro and in vivo. J Tissue Eng 2012; 3:2041731412459745. [PMID: 22962632 PMCID: PMC3434762 DOI: 10.1177/2041731412459745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An exogenous supply of growth factors and bioreplaceable scaffolds may help bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of TGF-β1 and VEGF-A transgenes on the osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were transfected with plasmids encoding mouse TGF-β1 and/or VEGF-A complementary DNAs and cultured for up to 28 days. Furthermore, collagen scaffolds carrying combinations of the plasmids-transfected cells were implanted subcutaneously in rats. The transgenes increased alkaline phosphatase activity, enhanced mineralized nodule formation, and elevated osteogenic gene expressions in vitro. In vivo, messenger RNA expression of osteogenic genes such as BMPs and Runx2 elevated higher by the transgenes. The data indicate that exogenous TGF-β1 and VEGF-A acted synergistically and could induce osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in both cell culture and an animal model. The results may provide valuable information to optimize protocols for transgene-and-cell-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Masticatory Function Rehabilitation, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Effect of Electroporation-Mediated Transfecting Recombinant Plasmid pIRES-hBMP2-hVEGF165 on Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis. Ann Plast Surg 2012; 69:316-25. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0b013e3182119275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Patil A, Sable R, Kothari R. Occurrence, biochemical profile of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms and their functions in endochondral ossification. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1298-308. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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50
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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in normal, osteoarthritic and osteoporotic osteoblasts. Clin Exp Med 2011; 13:81-4. [PMID: 22124604 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-011-0170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression and protein synthesis in primary human osteoblast cultures from healthy, osteoporotic and osteoarthritic subjects. Normal primary human osteoblast cultures were obtained from healthy subjects undergoing surgery for the reduction in traumatic fractures. Pathological osteoblasts were obtained from patients undergoing to total hip replacement for osteoporotic hip fracture or advanced osteoarthritis. VEGF mRNA expression and protein synthesis were evaluated in cultured cells, by semiquantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively, both under basal conditions than after vitamin D3 stimulation. Osteoarthritic osteoblasts showed a significantly higher VEGF expression compared to the normal and OP osteoblasts, both under basal conditions than in the presence of vitamin D3, whereas no difference was found between osteoporotic and normal osteoblast. Vitamin D3 significantly enhanced VEGF expression in normal and pathological osteoblasts. This preliminary study supports the hypothesis that VEGF is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the bone alterations typical of osteoarthritis and confirms the crucial role of vitamin D3 supplementation in metabolic bone diseases.
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