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Lim WS, Teoh SE, Tang ASP, Tan BJM, Lee JY, Yau CE, Thumboo J, Ng QX. The effects of anti-TNF-α biologics on insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: An update systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103001. [PMID: 38604059 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Increasing evidence demonstrates a link between the chronic inflammatory state in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the development of insulin resistance. It is thought that anti-TNF-α biologic therapy may improve insulin sensitivity and ameliorate insulin resistance by the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, however, pre-clinical and clinical studies have yielded conflicting results. A meta-analysis on this topic is necessary to summarize current evidence and generate hypotheses for future research. METHODS Literature search was performed in four databases, namely PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library, from inception till April 9, 2023, querying studies reporting peripheral insulin resistance with and without anti-TNF-α use in patients with RA. Peripheral insulin resistance or sensitivity was quantified by the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA) index or the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) respectively. The difference in insulin resistance or sensitivity between the treatment and control group was calculated using standardized mean difference (SMD) for the purposes of the meta-analysis. RESULTS Twelve articles were reviewed, with 10 longitudinal studies with a total of 297 patients included in the meta-analysis. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) from baseline HOMA was -0.82 (95% CI: -1.38 to -0.25) suggesting significant beneficial effects of anti-TNF-α therapy on insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Current evidence supports the significant clinical efficacy of anti-TNF-α biologics in alleviating insulin resistance and improving insulin sensitivity in patients with active RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shyann Lim
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seth En Teoh
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ansel Shao Pin Tang
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Beatrice Jia Min Tan
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Yiling Lee
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chun En Yau
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Health Services Research Unit, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore.
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Lonardo MS, Cacciapuoti N, Guida B, Di Lorenzo M, Chiurazzi M, Damiano S, Menale C. Hypothalamic-Ovarian axis and Adiposity Relationship in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Physiopathology and Therapeutic Options for the Management of Metabolic and Inflammatory Aspects. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:51-70. [PMID: 38172476 PMCID: PMC10933167 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of the present review is to address the main adiposity-related alterations in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) focusing on hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (H-P-O) axis and to provide an overview of nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Female reproduction is a complex and delicate interplay between neuroendocrine signals involving the H-P-O axis. Elements that disrupt the balance of these interactions can lead to metabolic and reproductive disorders, such as PCOS. This disorder includes menstrual, metabolic, and biochemical abnormalities as well as hyperandrogenism, oligo-anovulatory menstrual cycles, insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia which share an inflammatory state with other chronic diseases. Moreover, as in a self-feeding cycle, high androgen levels in PCOS lead to visceral fat deposition, resulting in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, further stimulating ovarian and adrenal androgen production. In fact, regardless of age and BMI, women with PCOS have more adipose tissue and less lean mass than healthy women. Excessive adiposity, especially visceral adiposity, is capable of affecting female reproduction through direct mechanisms compromising the luteal phase, and indirect mechanisms as metabolic alterations able to affect the function of the H-P-O axis. The intricate crosstalk between adiposity, inflammatory status and H-P-O axis function contributes to the main adiposity-related alterations in PCOS, and alongside currently available hormonal treatments, nutraceutical and pharmacological therapeutic strategies can be exploited to treat these alterations, in order to enable a more comprehensive synergistic and tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serena Lonardo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Nunzia Cacciapuoti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Bruna Guida
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Damiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ciro Menale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Physiology Nutrition Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Ruan GT, Deng L, Xie HL, Shi JY, Liu XY, Zheng X, Chen Y, Lin SQ, Zhang HY, Liu CA, Ge YZ, Song MM, Hu CL, Zhang XW, Yang M, Hu W, Cong MH, Zhu LC, Wang KH, Shi HP. Systemic inflammation and insulin resistance-related indicator predicts poor outcome in patients with cancer cachexia. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:3. [PMID: 38273418 PMCID: PMC10809764 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C-reactive protein (CRP)-triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (CTI), which is a measure representing the level of inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), is related to poor cancer prognosis; however, the CTI has not been validated in patients with cancer cachexia. Thus, this study aimed to explore the potential clinical value of the CTI in patients with cancer cachexia. METHODS In this study, our prospective multicenter cohort included 1411 patients with cancer cachexia (mean age 59.45 ± 11.38, 63.3% male), which was a combined analysis of multiple cancer types. We randomly selected 30% of the patients for the internal test cohort (mean age 58.90 ± 11.22% 61.4% male). Additionally, we included 307 patients with cancer cachexia in the external validation cohort (mean age 61.16 ± 11, 58.5% male). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were performed to investigate the prognostic value of CTI. The prognostic value of the CTI was also investigated performing univariate and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS The survival curve indicated that the CTI showed a significant prognostic value in the total, internal, and external validation cohorts. Prognostic ROC curves and calibration curves revealed that the CTI showed good consistency in predicting the survival of patients with cancer cachexia. Multivariate survival analysis showed that an elevated CTI increased the risk of death by 22% (total cohort, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-1.33), 34% (internal test cohort, 95%CI = 1.11-1.62), and 35% (external validation cohort, 95%CI = 1.14-1.59) for each increase in the standard deviation of CTI. High CTI reliably predicted shorter survival (total cohort, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.22-1.71; internal test cohort, HR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.12-2.36; external validation cohort, HR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.15-2.26). High CTI significantly predicted shorter survival in different tumor subgroups, such as esophageal [HR = 2.11, 95%CI = 1.05-4.21] and colorectal cancer [HR = 2.29, 95%CI = 1.42-3.71]. The mediating effects analysis found that the mediating proportions of PGSGA, ECOG PS, and EORTC QLQ-C30 on the direct effects of CTI were 21.72%, 19.63%, and 11.61%, respectively We found that there was a significant positive correlation between the CTI and 90-day [HR = 2.48, 95%CI = 1.52-4.14] and 180-day mortality [HR = 1.77,95%CI = 1.24-2.55] in patients with cancer cachexia. CONCLUSION The CTI can predict the short- and long-term survival of patients with cancer cachexia and provide a useful prognostic tool for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Hai-Lun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Jin-Yu Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Shi-Qi Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chen-An Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Chun-Lei Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Cong
- Comprehensive Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Li-Chen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
- General Surgery Clinical Medical Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Laboratory for Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
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Sethiya NK, Ghiloria N, Srivastav A, Bisht D, Chaudhary SK, Walia V, Alam MS. Therapeutic Potential of Myricetin in the Treatment of Neurological, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:865-882. [PMID: 37461364 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230718105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Myricetin (MC), 3,5,7,3',4',5'-hexahydroxyflavone, chemically belongs to a flavonoid category known to confer antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective effects. MC is known to suppress the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and inflammatory markers. It has been reported to improve insulin function in the human brain and periphery. Besides this, it modulates several neurochemicals including glutamate, GABA, serotonin, etc. MC has been shown to reduce the expression of the enzyme Mono Amine Oxidase (MAO), which is responsible for the metabolism of monoamines. MC treatment reduces levels of plasma corticosterone and restores hippocampal BDNF (full form) protein in stressed animals. Further, MC has shown its protective effect against amyloid-beta, MPTP, rotenone, 6-OHDA, etc. suggesting its potential role against neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of the present review is to highlight the therapeutic potential of MC in the treatment of several neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neha Ghiloria
- Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi 110085, India
| | | | - Dheeraj Bisht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir J.C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263002, India
| | | | - Vaibhav Walia
- Department of Pharmacology, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana 122505, India
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Chu Z, Hu Z, Luo Y, Zhou Y, Yang F, Luo F. Targeting gut-liver axis by dietary lignans ameliorate obesity: evidences and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37870876 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2272269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure causes obesity. It is characterized by increased adipose accumulation and accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation. Many studies have suggested that the gut microbiota of the host mediates the relationship between high-fat diet consumption and the development of obesity. Diet and nutrition of the body are heavily influenced by gut microbiota. The alterations in the microbiota in the gut may have effects on the homeostasis of the host's energy levels, systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. The liver is an important organ for fat metabolism and gut-liver axis play important role in the fat metabolism. Gut-liver axis is a bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota and the liver. As essential plant components, lignans have been shown to have different biological functions. Accumulating evidences have suggested that lignans may have lipid-lowering properties. Lignans can regulate the level of the gut microbiota and their metabolites in the host, thereby affecting signaling pathways related to fat synthesis and metabolism. These signaling pathways can make a difference in inhibiting fat accumulation, accelerating energy metabolism, affecting appetite, and inhibiting chronic inflammation. It will provide the groundwork for future studies on the lipid-lowering impact of lignans and the creation of functional meals based on those findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zuomin Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinic Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Banerjee S, Cooney LG, Stanic AK. Immune Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:323-332. [PMID: 37195871 PMCID: PMC10579973 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged individuals with ovaries. It is associated with anovulation and increased risk to fertility and metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological health. The pathophysiology of PCOS is still inadequately understood, although there is evidence of persistent low-grade inflammation, which correlates with associated visceral obesity. Elevated proinflammatory cytokine markers and altered immune cells have been reported in PCOS and raise the possibility that immune factors contribute to ovulatory dysfunction. Because normal ovulation is modulated by immune cells and cytokines in the ovarian microenvironment, the endocrine and metabolic abnormalities associated with PCOS orchestrate the accompanying adverse effects on ovulation and implantation. This review evaluates the current literature on the relationship between PCOS and immune abnormalities, with a focus on emerging research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Banerjee
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Laura G. Cooney
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison
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Papagianni G, Panayiotou C, Vardas M, Balaskas N, Antonopoulos C, Tachmatzidis D, Didangelos T, Lambadiari V, Kadoglou NPE. The anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic exercise training in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cytokine 2023; 164:156157. [PMID: 36842369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a low-grade, chronic inflammatory disease, associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this systematic review/ meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET) on inflammatory markers in T2DM patients. METHODS The literature search was conducted utilizing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception up to April 2022. We screened only for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of AET on C-reactive protein (CRP) and adipokines: adiponectin, resistin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), along with changes in anthropometric indices and glycemic control in adult T2DM patients. Pooled post-exercise weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated for all outcomes of interest between exercise-treated patients and controls. RESULTS Twenty-six RCTs involving 1239 T2DM patients were retrieved from the databases for meta-analysis. The cumulative results showed that post-AET inflammatory markers were lower in exercise-treated patients compared to controls regarding CRP (mg/L): WMD: -0.91; 95%CIs: -1.43, -0.40; p < 0.001 resistin (mg/ml): (WMD: -2.08; 95%CIs: -3.32, -0.84; p < 0.001); TNF-a (pg/ml): (WMD: -2.70; 95%CIs: -4.26, -1.14; p < 0.001), and IL-6 (pg/ml): (WMD: -1.05; 95%CIs: -1.68, -0.43; p < 0.001). Those effects were accompanied by significant amelioration of fasting glucose (mg/dl) (WMD: -13.02; 95%CIs: -25.39, -0.66; p = 0.04), HbA1c (%) (WMD: -0.51; 95%CIs: -0.73, -0.28, p < 0.001), and fat mass (%) (WMD: -3.14; 95%CI: -4.71, -1.58; p < 0.001). Our meta-analysis demonstrated less-consistent results for adiponectin (μg/ml), (WMD: 1.00; 95%CI: -0.12, 2.12; p = 0.08) and body-mass index (kg/m2) (WMD: -1.34; 95%CI: -2.76, 0.08; p = 0.06) tending to differ between AET and control group. CONCLUSIONS AET can significantly reduce the inflammatory burden in T2DM patients. by ameliorating the circulating levels of CRP, resistin, TNF-a and IL-6, even without accompanied significant weight-loss. The clinical impact of those anti-inflammatory effects of AET needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papagianni
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Constantinos Antonopoulos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Vaia Lambadiari
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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GÜRBÜZ T, GÖKMEN O, AYAR MADENLİ A, DİLBAZ B. R-Spondin1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationships with insulin resistance and other parameters. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1210721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the relationship between R-spondin1 (RSPO1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) levels with insulin resistance (IR) and other parameters in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Material and Method: This case-control prospective observational study was carried out on 84 patients admitted to the University of Health Sciences Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and IVF Clinic and Medistate Hospital Gynecology and IVF Clinic between September 2020 and June 2021. Women aged 18-36 years diagnosed with infertility and PCOS constituted the PCOS group. Women who were diagnosed with infertility but not PCOS formed the control group. Cases were divided according to their body mass index (BMI) values into obese (BMI≥25) and non-obese (BMI
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba GÜRBÜZ
- Medistate Hospital, Gynecology and Obstetric Clinic ,Istanbul/Turkey
| | - Oya GÖKMEN
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Medistate Kavacik Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asena AYAR MADENLİ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liv Hospital Vadistanbul,Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Berna DİLBAZ
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, University of Health Sciences Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Training and Research Hospital, Ankara,Turkey
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9
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Stasevich EM, Zheremyan EA, Kuprash DV, Schwartz AM. Interaction Between Adipocytes and B Lymphocytes in Human Metabolic Diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:280-288. [PMID: 37072333 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Diseases associated with the disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are widespread in the modern world. Interaction between the cells of adipose tissue - adipocytes - and immune system cells is an essential factor in pathogenesis of such diseases. Long-term increase in the glucose and fatty acid levels leads to adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines by these cells. As a result, immune cells acquire a pro-inflammatory phenotype, and new leukocytes are recruited. Inflammation of adipose tissue leads to insulin resistance and stimulates formation of atherosclerotic plaques and development of autoimmunity. New studies show that different groups of B lymphocytes play an essential role in regulation of adipose tissue inflammation. Decrease in the number of B-2 lymphocytes suppresses development of a number of metabolic diseases, whereas decreased numbers of the regulatory B lymphocytes and B-1 lymphocytes are associated with more severe pathology. Recent studies showed that adipocytes influence B lymphocyte activity both directly and by altering activity of other immune cells. These findings provide better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human pathologies associated with impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina M Stasevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elina A Zheremyan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitriy V Kuprash
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Anton M Schwartz
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, 141701, Russia
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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10
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The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010129. [PMID: 36677054 PMCID: PMC9863528 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a complex endocrine and metabolic condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects women's reproductive health. These common symptoms include hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, and infertility. No one knows what causes it or how to stop it yet. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and disruptions in secondary bile acid production appear to play a causative role in developing PCOS. PCOS pathophysiology and phenotypes are tightly related to both enteric and vaginal bacteria. Patients with PCOS exhibit changed microbiome compositions and decreased microbial diversity. Intestinal microorganisms also alter PCOS patient phenotypes by upregulating or downregulating hormone release, gut-brain mediators, and metabolite synthesis. The human body's gut microbiota, also known as the "second genome," can interact with the environment to improve metabolic and immunological function. Inflammation is connected to PCOS and may be caused by dysbiosis in the gut microbiome. This review sheds light on the recently discovered connections between gut microbiota and insulin resistance (IR) and the potential mechanisms of PCOS. This study also describes metabolomic studies to obtain a clear view of PCOS and ways to tackle it.
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11
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Zhao X, An X, Yang C, Sun W, Ji H, Lian F. The crucial role and mechanism of insulin resistance in metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149239. [PMID: 37056675 PMCID: PMC10086443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of metabolism-related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, tumors, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and provides the basis for a common understanding of these chronic diseases. In this study, we provide a systematic review of the causes, mechanisms, and treatments of IR. The pathogenesis of IR depends on genetics, obesity, age, disease, and drug effects. Mechanistically, any factor leading to abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway leads to the development of IR in the host, including insulin receptor abnormalities, disturbances in the internal environment (regarding inflammation, hypoxia, lipotoxicity, and immunity), metabolic function of the liver and organelles, and other abnormalities. The available therapeutic strategies for IR are mainly exercise and dietary habit improvement, and chemotherapy based on biguanides and glucagon-like peptide-1, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments (e.g., herbs and acupuncture) can also be helpful. Based on the current understanding of IR mechanisms, there are still some vacancies to follow up and consider, and there is also a need to define more precise biomarkers for different chronic diseases and lifestyle interventions, and to explore natural or synthetic drugs targeting IR treatment. This could enable the treatment of patients with multiple combined metabolic diseases, with the aim of treating the disease holistically to reduce healthcare expenditures and to improve the quality of life of patients to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hangyu Ji
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Hangyu Ji,
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12
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Milano W, Carizzone F, Foia M, Marchese M, Milano M, Saetta B, Capasso A. Obesity and Its Multiple Clinical Implications between Inflammatory States and Gut Microbiotic Alterations. Diseases 2022; 11:diseases11010007. [PMID: 36648872 PMCID: PMC9844347 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease that has become a serious health problem and is currently widespread over the world. It is, in fact, strongly associated with many other conditions, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, the onset of different types of malignant tumors and alterations in reproductive function. According to the literature, obesity is characterized by a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, with a substantial increase in immune cells, specifically macrophage infiltrates in the adipose tissue which, in turn, secrete a succession of pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, recent studies on microbiota have postulated new possible mechanisms of interaction between obesity and unbalanced nutrition with inflammation. This intestinal "superorganism" complex seems to influence not only the metabolic balance of the host but also the immune response, favoring a state of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. This review summarizes the major evidence on the interactions between the gut microbiota, energetic metabolism and host immune system, all leading to a convergence of the fields of immunology, nutrients physiology and microbiota in the context of obesity and its possible clinical complications. Finally, possible therapeutic approaches aiming to rebalance the intestinal microbial ecosystem are evaluated to improve the alteration of inflammatory and metabolic states in obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Milano
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Carizzone
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Magda Marchese
- Clinical Pathology Services, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital Pozzuoli, Asl Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Milano
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Biancamaria Saetta
- UOSD Eating Disorder Unit, Mental Health Department, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, 80027 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence:
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13
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Reduced Tyrosine and Serine-632 Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 in the Gastrocnemius Muscle of Obese Zucker Rat. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6015-6027. [PMID: 36547071 PMCID: PMC9777198 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a serious health problem in the world, with increased morbidity, mortality, and financial burden on patients and health-care providers. The skeletal muscle is the most extensive tissue, severely affected by a sedentary lifestyle, which leads to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obesity disrupts insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle, resulting in decreased glucose disposal, a condition known as insulin resistance. Although there is a large body of evidence on obesity-induced insulin resistance in various skeletal muscles, the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance due to a disruption in insulin receptor signaling, specifically in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats (OZRs), is not fully understood. This study subjected OZRs to a glucose tolerance test (GTT) to analyze insulin sensitivity. In addition, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting techniques were used to determine the expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and insulin receptor-β (IRβ), and the activation of serine-632-IRS-1 phosphorylation in the gastrocnemius muscle of Zucker rats. The results show that the GTT in the OZRs was impaired. There was a significant decrease in IRS-1 levels, but no change was observed in IRβ in the gastrocnemius muscle of OZRs, compared to Zucker leans. Obese rats had a higher ratio of tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRβ than lean rats. In obese rats, however, insulin was unable to induce tyrosine phosphorylation. Moreover, insulin increased the phosphorylation of serine 632-IRS-1 in the gastrocnemius muscle of lean rats. However, obese rats had a low basal level of serine-632-IRS-1 and insulin only mildly increased serine phosphorylation in obese rats, compared to those without insulin. Thus, we addressed the altered steps of the insulin receptor signal transduction in the gastrocnemius muscle of OZRs. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of human obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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14
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Hypoxia as a Double-Edged Sword to Combat Obesity and Comorbidities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233735. [PMID: 36496995 PMCID: PMC9736735 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global epidemic of obesity is tightly associated with numerous comorbidities, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome. Among the key features of obesity, some studies have suggested the abnormal expansion of adipose-tissue-induced local endogenous hypoxic, while other studies indicated endogenous hyperoxia as the opposite trend. Endogenous hypoxic aggravates dysfunction in adipose tissue and stimulates secretion of inflammatory molecules, which contribute to obesity. In contrast, hypoxic exposure combined with training effectively generate exogenous hypoxic to reduce body weight and downregulate metabolic risks. The (patho)physiological effects in adipose tissue are distinct from those of endogenous hypoxic. We critically assess the latest advances on the molecular mediators of endogenous hypoxic that regulate the dysfunction in adipose tissue. Subsequently we propose potential therapeutic targets in adipose tissues and the small molecules that may reverse the detrimental effect of local endogenous hypoxic. More importantly, we discuss alterations of metabolic pathways in adipose tissue and the metabolic benefits brought by hypoxic exercise. In terms of therapeutic intervention, numerous approaches have been developed to treat obesity, nevertheless durability and safety remain the major concern. Thus, a combination of the therapies that suppress endogenous hypoxic with exercise plans that augment exogenous hypoxic may accelerate the development of more effective and durable medications to treat obesity and comorbidities.
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15
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Parveen S, Alhazmi YA. Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome and Periodontal Disease-A Suggested Preventive Strategy to Reduce the Public Health Burden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114536. [PMID: 36361416 PMCID: PMC9657467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence continues to climb significantly worldwide in today's ad libitum society. MetS has tremendous societal and economic ramifications, making it imperative to develop effective strategies for preventing and controlling it to alleviate this growing burden. Periodontal disease and MetS are associated with several risk factors. Studies in the past have demonstrated that obesity, cardiovascular illness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a negative effect on the severity of the periodontal disease. Patients with metabolic syndrome have elevated serum levels of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. Similar inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein, are increased in patients with severe periodontal disease. Remarkably, intermittent fasting is underpinned by scientific evidence, claiming to be the most effective non-pharmacological, potential therapeutic alternative for combating a wide range of metabolic, inflammatory, and lifestyle-related diseases. Nonetheless, an insufficient investigation has been performed to determine whether intermittent fasting has therapeutic benefits on periodontal inflammation and diseases. Here, we show the interrelationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease and contextualize the beneficial impact of intermittent fasting in modulating the chronic metabolic and periodontal inflammatory response. We also anticipate that this review paves the way for further exploration of intermittent fasting as a unique research paradigm representing a cost-effective alternative strategy to conventional disease management in patients with periodontal diseases and metabolic syndrome which may serve as the foundation for an integrative vision relevant to primary, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes.
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16
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Wu Y, Zhao R, Li M, Li H, Chen Z, Zhao Y. Novel soybean peptide iglycin ameliorates insulin resistance of high-fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice and differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes with improvement of insulin signaling and mitochondrial function. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Bashir H, Majid S, Khan MS, Bhat MH, Hamid R, Ashraf R, Faiz S. Inter-relationship of Pro- and Anti- inflammatory Biomarkers with the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Elsayed A, Ismaiel A, Procopio AC, Luzza F, Abenavoli L, Dumitrascu DL. Noninvasive biochemical markers and surrogate scores in evaluating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Minerva Med 2022; 113:864-874. [PMID: 35583419 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The histological features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the presence of hepatic steatosis with concomitant inflammation, ballooned hepatocytes, and potential fibrosis, which can lead to liver cirrhosis. To reduce the need for liver biopsy, that is still the gold standard for diagnosing NASH, various noninvasive biomarkers have been investigated. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge about noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers and scores proposed for patients with NASH. A search was performed in the main medical literature databases. The following search terms were used: NASH, noninvasive biomarkers or NASH scores and panels. We focused only on studies assessing NASH diagnosis or predictive values for biomarkers, panels and scores. Data on their accuracy in predicting NASH were collected. Several panels such as NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4), and FibroMeter presented good predictive values of NASH, with novel proteomics panels such as the NAFLD Fibrosis Protein Panel (NFPP) using mainly the adisintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs like 2 (ADAMTSL2) that showed an advantage in predicting NASH compared to NFS and FIB-4. Another novel panel, Index of NASH (ION) performed better than cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) in excluding severe fibrosis, but the overall accuracy of ION and CK-18 was modest compared to NFS and FIB-4 as it did not provide any significant advantage. Noninvasive biomarkers are currently unable to replace liver biopsy and histological assessment. However, they may play a key and vital role in triaging patients for liver biopsy, lowering the related financial burden. Future studies are needed to verify the predictive values of the newly emerging tests and panels as well as to find more affordable and reliable noninvasive early diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Elsayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, County Emergency Hospital Ilfov, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Abdulrahman Ismaiel
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania -
| | - Anna C Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, The Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Muscari A, Falcone R, Recinella G, Faccioli L, Forti P, Pastore Trossello M, Puddu GM, Spinardi L, Zoli M. Prognostic significance of diabetes and stress hyperglycemia in acute stroke patients. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:126. [PMID: 36038896 PMCID: PMC9422130 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemic non-diabetic stroke patients have a worse prognosis than both normoglycemic and diabetic patients. Aim of this study was to assess whether hyperglycemia is an aggravating factor or just an epiphenomenon of most severe strokes. METHODS In this retrospective study, 1219 ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke patients (73.7 ± 13.1 years) were divided into 4 groups: 0 = non-hyperglycemic non-diabetic, 1 = hyperglycemic non-diabetic, 2 = non-hyperglycemic diabetic and 3 = hyperglycemic diabetic. Hyperglycemia was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl (≥ 7 mmol/l) measured the morning after admission, while the diagnosis of diabetes was based on a history of diabetes mellitus or on a glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol), independently of blood glucose levels. All diabetic patients, except 3, had Type 2 diabetes. The 4 groups were compared according to clinical history, stroke severity indicators, acute phase markers and main short term stroke outcomes (modified Rankin scale ≥ 3, death, cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic lesions, fever, oxygen administration, pneumonia, sepsis, urinary infection and heart failure). RESULTS Group 1 patients had more severe strokes, with larger cerebral lesions and higher inflammatory markers, compared to the other groups. They also had a high prevalence of atrial fibrillation, prediabetes, previous stroke and previous arterial revascularizations. In this group, the highest frequencies of cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, pneumonia and oxygen administration were obtained. The prevalence of dependency at discharge and in-hospital mortality were equally high in Group 1 and Group 3. However, in multivariate analyses including stroke severity, cerebral lesion diameter, leukocytes and C-reactive protein, Group 1 was only independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation (OR 2.01, 95% CI 0.99-4.07), while Group 3 was independently associated with mortality (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.32-3.64) and disability (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.01-2.88). CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemic non-diabetic stroke patients had a worse prognosis than non-hyperglycemic or diabetic patients, but this group was not independently associated with mortality or disability when size, severity and inflammatory component of the stroke were accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Muscari
- Stroke Unit, Medical Department of Continuity of Care and Disability, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberta Falcone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guerino Recinella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Faccioli
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Forti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pastore Trossello
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni M Puddu
- Stroke Unit, Medical Department of Continuity of Care and Disability, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Spinardi
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Zoli
- Stroke Unit, Medical Department of Continuity of Care and Disability, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Salamun V, Rizzo M, Lovrecic L, Hocevar K, Papler Burnik T, Janez A, Jensterle M, Vrtacnik Bokal E, Peterlin B, Maver A. The Endometrial Transcriptome of Metabolic and Inflammatory Pathways During the Window of Implantation Is Deranged in Infertile Obese Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2022; 20:384-394. [PMID: 35834645 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have a reduced rate of spontaneous conception even when their cycles are ovulatory. Endometrial receptivity is an important factor for poor implantation and increased miscarriage rates. Mechanisms in which both pathologies modify the endometrium are not fully clarified. The aim of our study was to compare the endometrial transcriptomic profiles between infertile obese PCOS (O-PCOS) women and infertile normal weight subjects during the window of implantation in ovulatory menstrual cycles. Methods: We conducted a prospective transcriptomic analysis of the endometrium using RNA sequencing. In this way, potential endometrial mechanisms leading to the poor reproductive outcome in O-PCOS patients could be characterized. Endometrial samples during days 21-23 of the menstrual cycle were collected from infertile O-PCOS women (n = 11) and normal weight controls (n = 10). Subgroups were defined according to the ovulatory/anovulatory status in the natural cycles, and O-PCOS women were grouped into the O-PCOS ovulatory (O-PCOS-ovul) subgroup. RNA isolation, sequencing with library reparation, and subsequent RNAseq data analysis were performed. Results: Infertile O-PCOS patients had 610 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), after adjustment for multiple comparisons with normal weight infertile controls, related to obesity (MXRA5 and ECM1), PCOS (ADAMTS19 and SLC18A2), and metabolism (VNN1 and PC). In the ovulatory subgroup, no DEGs were found, but significant differences in canonical pathways and the upstream regulator were revealed. According to functional and upstream analyses of ovulatory subgroup comparisons, the most important biological processes were related to inflammation (TNFR1 signaling), insulin signaling (insulin receptor signaling and PI3/AKT), fatty acid metabolism (stearate biosynthesis I and palmitate biosynthesis I), and lipotoxicity (unfolded protein response pathway). Conclusions: We demonstrated that endometrial transcription in ovulatory O-PCOS patients is deranged in comparison with the control ovulatory endometrium. The most important pathways of differentiation include metabolism and inflammation. These processes could also represent potential mechanisms for poor embryo implantation, which prevent the development of a successful pregnancy. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03353948.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Salamun
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Human Reproduction, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Lovrecic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Keli Hocevar
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Papler Burnik
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Human Reproduction, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eda Vrtacnik Bokal
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Human Reproduction, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ales Maver
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Ruan GT, Xie HL, Gong YZ, Ge YZ, Zhang Q, Wang ZW, Zhang X, Zhang HY, Tang M, Song MM, Zhang XW, Yang M, Chen YB, Yu KY, Deng L, Wang KH, Cong MH, Shi HP. Prognostic importance of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with cancer: a prospective multicenter study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:700. [PMID: 35752767 PMCID: PMC9233357 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) are often associated with poor prognosis in cancer. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of surrogate systemic inflammation and IR indices in patients with cancer. METHODS This multicenter prospective study included 5,221 patients with cancer, with a mean age of 59.41±11.15 years, of whom 3,061 (58.6%) were male. The surrogate IR indices included low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LHR) ratio, total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/ HDL-c) ratio, triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio, and fasting triglyceride glucose (TyG). Prognostic receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and C-indices were used to select a better surrogate IR index in patients with cancer. The prognostic value of the indicators was evaluated using univariate and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS In this study, the median survival time of patients was 44.5 (40.5-51.4) months, and the overall mortality in the 12-month period was 1,115 (53.7%), with 196 mortality events per 1,000 patient-years of patients' follow-up. The prognostic ROC curve and C-index suggested that the prognostic value of LHR was better than that of the other IR indices. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) were higher in patients with high C-reactive protein (CRP) (HR, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-1.65) and high LHR (HR, 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06-1.37), respectively. The mortality rate of patients with both high CRP and LHR was 1.75-fold higher than that of patients with both low CRP and LHR. CONCLUSION Both CRP and LHR showed good survival predictions in patients with cancer. CRP combined with LHR can improve the predictive power of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Tian Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Hai-Lun Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Gong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous, Region, 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous, Region, 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Zhong Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zi-Wen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - He-Yang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Meng-Meng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yong-Bing Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kai-Ying Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kun-Hua Wang
- Yunnan university, Kunming, 650091, China. .,General surgery clinical medical center of Yunnan province, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Cong
- Comprehensive Oncology Department, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Han-Ping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, 10 Tie Yi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
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22
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Zhang T, Wang S, Li L, Zhu A, Wang Q. Associating diethylhexyl phthalate to gestational diabetes mellitus via adverse outcome pathways using a network-based approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153932. [PMID: 35182638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication that is harmful to both the woman and fetus. Several epidemiological studies have found that exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), an endocrine disruptor ubiquitous in the environment, may be associated with GDM. This study aims to investigate the mechanism between DEHP and GDM using the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, which can integrate information from different sources to elucidate the causal pathways between chemicals and adverse outcomes. We applied a network-based workflow to integrate diverse information to generate computational AOPs and accelerate the AOP development. The interactions among DEHP, genes, phenotypes, and GDM were retrieved from several publicly available databases, including the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), Computational Toxicology (CompTox) Chemicals Dashboard, DisGeNET, MalaCards, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Based on the above interactions, a DEHP-Gene-Phenotype-GDM network consisting of 52 nodes and 227 edges was formed to support AOP construction. The filtered genes and phenotypes were assembled as molecular initiating events (MIEs) and key events (KEs) according to the upstream and downstream relationships, generating a computational AOP (cAOP) network. Based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development handbook of AOPs, a cAOP was assessed and applied to determine the effects of DEHP on GDM. DEHP could increase TNF-α, downregulate the glucose uptake process, and lead to GDM. Overall, this study revealed the utility of computational methods in integrating a variety of datasets, supporting AOP development, and facilitating a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of exposure to chemicals on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ludi Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Key laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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23
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Sugimoto S, Mena HA, Sansbury BE, Kobayashi S, Tsuji T, Wang CH, Yin X, Huang TL, Kusuyama J, Kodani SD, Darcy J, Profeta G, Pereira N, Tanzi RE, Zhang C, Serwold T, Kokkotou E, Goodyear LJ, Cypess AM, Leiria LO, Spite M, Tseng YH. Brown adipose tissue-derived MaR2 contributes to cold-induced resolution of inflammation. Nat Metab 2022; 4:775-790. [PMID: 35760872 PMCID: PMC9792164 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity induces chronic inflammation resulting in insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Cold exposure can improve insulin sensitivity in humans and rodents, but the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we find that cold resolves obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice. The beneficial effects of cold exposure on improving obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance depend on brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver. Using targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, we discovered that cold and β3-adrenergic stimulation promote BAT to produce maresin 2 (MaR2), a member of the specialized pro-resolving mediators of bioactive lipids that play a role in the resolution of inflammation. Notably, MaR2 reduces inflammation in obesity in part by targeting macrophages in the liver. Thus, BAT-derived MaR2 could contribute to the beneficial effects of BAT activation in resolving obesity-induced inflammation and may inform therapeutic approaches to combat obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sugimoto
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hebe Agustina Mena
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian E Sansbury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shio Kobayashi
- Section of Immunobiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuanzhi Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Lian Huang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joji Kusuyama
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Darcy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerson Profeta
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nayara Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Serwold
- Section of Immunobiology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Efi Kokkotou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luiz Osório Leiria
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matthew Spite
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Yang J, Ding X, Wang N, Pan Y, Xiao E, Mu S, Wang L, Li D, Li D. Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Clinical Guiding Significance of Free Fatty Acids. Front Surg 2022; 9:814540. [PMID: 35711703 PMCID: PMC9195184 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.814540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is still controversial whether preoperative oral carbohydrate (POC) should be applied to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. There is no relevant consensus or indicators to provide guidance as to whether T2DM patients should take POC. Methods In total, 164 T2DM patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy were analyzed. According to the level of blood free fatty acids (FFAs) and whether the patients received POC, the patients were divided into 6 groups: the low FFA carbohydrate group (LFFAC group), low FFA fasting water group (LFFAF group), medium FFA carbohydrate group (MFFAC group), medium FFA fasting water group (MFFAF group), high FFA carbohydrate group (HFFAC group) and high FFA fasting water group (HFFAF group). Results Patients with low FFA levels showed better perioperative blood glucose control and a lower incidence of postoperative complications than those in the medium and high FFA groups, especially when patients received POC. Further analyses revealed that the postoperative plasma concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased in the POC group compared with the fasting water group, except for patients with high FFA levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that when the FFA concentration was higher than 0.745 mmol/L, the risk of poor blood glucose control during the perioperative period was increased. Conclusions FFAs have clinical guiding significance for the application of POC in patients with T2DM under ERAS administration. T2DM patients with low FFAs are more suitable for receiving POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuhui Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangming Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yujin Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Erwei Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senmao Mu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liancai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Correspondence: Dongxiao Li Deyu Li
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Liver Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Correspondence: Dongxiao Li Deyu Li
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25
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Luk C, Haywood NJ, Bridge KI, Kearney MT. Paracrine Role of the Endothelium in Metabolic Homeostasis in Health and Nutrient Excess. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:882923. [PMID: 35557517 PMCID: PMC9086712 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.882923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium traditionally viewed as a simple physical barrier between the circulation and tissue is now well-established as a key organ mediating whole organism homeostasis by release of a portfolio of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory vasoactive molecules. Healthy endothelium releases anti-inflammatory signaling molecules such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin; in contrast, diseased endothelium secretes pro-inflammatory signals such as reactive oxygen species, endothelin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Endothelial dysfunction, which has now been identified as a hallmark of different components of the cardiometabolic syndrome including obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, initiates and drives the progression of tissue damage in these disorders. Recently it has become apparent that, in addition to vasoactive molecules, the vascular endothelium has the potential to secrete a diverse range of small molecules and proteins mediating metabolic processes in adipose tissue (AT), liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. AT plays a pivotal role in orchestrating whole-body energy homeostasis and AT dysfunction, characterized by local and systemic inflammation, is central to the metabolic complications of obesity. Thus, understanding and targeting the crosstalk between the endothelium and AT may generate novel therapeutic opportunities for the cardiometabolic syndrome. Here, we provide an overview of the role of the endothelial secretome in controlling the function of AT. The endothelial-derived metabolic regulatory factors are grouped and discussed based on their physical properties and their downstream signaling effects. In addition, we focus on the therapeutic potential of these regulatory factors in treating cardiometabolic syndrome, and discuss areas of future study of potential translatable and clinical significance. The vascular endothelium is emerging as an important paracrine/endocrine organ that secretes regulatory factors in response to nutritional and environmental cues. Endothelial dysfunction may result in imbalanced secretion of these regulatory factors and contribute to the progression of AT and whole body metabolic dysfunction. As the vascular endothelium is the first responder to local nutritional changes and adipocyte-derived signals, future work elucidating the changes in the endothelial secretome is crucial to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disease, and in aiding our development of new therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent cardiometabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheukyau Luk
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie J Haywood
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine I Bridge
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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26
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Xu Y, Zhou ZY, Pan JX, Huang HF. Associations Between Asthma and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:936948. [PMID: 35865312 PMCID: PMC9294161 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.936948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential correlation between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and asthma, used to be identified as diseases originating from two independent systems, has been supported by increasing evidence. From an epidemiological perspective, mounting studies have confirmed that women suffering from PCOS exhibit increased susceptibility to asthma. Meanwhile, PCOS and asthma seem to share several mutual pathological conditions, such as metabolic disorders, hormonal fluctuation, proinflammatory state, etc. Here, we further elucidate the correlation between asthma and PCOS by focusing on the internal common pathophysiology and adverse influences on women's health. Understanding the internal connection between PCOS and asthma may shed light on developing new prevention and control strategies to fight against these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Zhou
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Xue Pan
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: He-Feng Huang, ; Jie-Xue Pan,
| | - He-Feng Huang
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: He-Feng Huang, ; Jie-Xue Pan,
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27
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Matia-Garcia I, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Muñoz-Valle JF, García-Chagollán M, Loaeza-Loaeza J, Vences-Velázquez A, Salgado-Goytia L, García-Arellano S, Parra-Rojas I. Th1/Th2 Balance in Young Subjects: Relationship with Cytokine Levels and Metabolic Profile. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:6587-6600. [PMID: 34908860 PMCID: PMC8664383 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s342545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aim to identify Th1 and Th2 cell clusters in young subjects, including their clinical and metabolic characteristics and the Th1/Th2 balance. Patients and Methods A total of 100 participants were included. The frequencies of Th1 and Th2 cells in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. Serum C-reactive protein was measured using a turbidimetric assay, and insulin levels were quantified with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Circulating cytokine levels were analyzed using a multiplex system. Results A cluster analysis was performed to determine the Th1/Th2 balance in a group of young people, and 3 clusters were formed with the following characteristics: 1) subjects with a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia (38%), dyslipidemia (38–75%), and insulin resistance (50%), as well as a higher percentage of Th1 cells and Th1/Th2 ratio, including elevated IFN-ɣ levels; 2) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (23%) and insulin resistance (15.4%), but a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (8–85%) with a predominance of Th2 cells, and lower Th1/Th2 ratio; 3) subjects with a lower prevalence of hyperglycemia (6%), insulin resistance (41%), and dyslipidemia (10–63%), as well as a balance of Th1 and Th2 cells and lower Th1/Th2 ratio, including low IFN-ɣ levels. Positive correlations between Th1 cells with IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-1β and between Th2 cells with IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 were found (p < 0.05). A significant increase in Th1 cells was observed in the presence of hyperglycemia and high LDL-C levels, as well as increased Th2 cells in the absence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure, including low HDL-C levels. The Th1/Th2 ratio was higher in the group with high cardiometabolic risk (p = 0.03). Conclusion Th1/Th2 balance is related to metabolic abnormalities that may occur in young population, and thus the timely identification of different phenotypes may help predict an increased cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Matia-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Atlixco, Puebla, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Amalia Vences-Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Lorenzo Salgado-Goytia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
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Zouhal H, Zare-Kookandeh N, Haghighi MM, Daraei A, de Sousa M, Soltani M, Abderrahman AB, M Tijani J, Hackney AC, Laher I, Saeidi A. Physical activity and adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A literature review and practical applications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:987-1011. [PMID: 33931803 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We review the effects of acute and long-term physical activity on adipokine levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Three electronic databases were searched. Studies made in animal models were excluded, while studies based on participants with and without T2D, and also studies with type 1 diabetes were included. Of the 2,450 citations, 63 trials, including randomised control trials, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, met our inclusion criteria. Seventy and five percent of studies reported the effects of physical activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL-6), adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1, and leptin levels. There are no robust results due to variations in exercise modality, intensity, duration, and also differences in cohort characteristics in the literature. Only four studies described the effects of an acute session of physical activity on adipokine levels. Overall, physical activity improves diabetes status by regulating adipokine levels. However, long-term aerobic + resistance training combined with dietary modifications is likely to be a more effective strategy for improving adipokines profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, University of Rennes, 1274, F-35000, Sport, Santé), France.
| | | | | | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, The University of British Columbia, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Mastrototaro L, Roden M. Insulin resistance and insulin sensitizing agents. Metabolism 2021; 125:154892. [PMID: 34563556 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, but novel approaches of diabetes subtyping (clustering) revealed variable degrees of insulin resistance in people with diabetes. Specifically, the severe insulin resistant diabetes (SIRD) subtype not only exhibits metabolic abnormalities, but also bears a higher risk for cardiovascular, renal and hepatic comorbidities. In humans, insulin resistance comprises dysfunctional adipose tissue, lipotoxic insulin signaling followed by glucotoxicity, oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation. Recent studies show that aside from metabolites (free fatty acids, amino acids) and signaling proteins (myokines, adipokines, hepatokines) also exosomes with their cargo (proteins, mRNA and microRNA) contribute to altered crosstalk between skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue during the development of insulin resistance. Reduction of fat mass mainly, but not exclusively, explains the success of lifestyle modification and bariatric surgery to improve insulin sensitivity. Moreover, some older antihyperglycemic drugs (metformin, thiazolidinediones), but also novel therapeutic concepts (new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, incretin mimetics, sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors, modulators of energy metabolism) can directly or indirectly reduce insulin resistance. This review summarizes molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance including the roles of exosomes and microRNAs, as well as strategies for the management of insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Resident and migratory adipose immune cells control systemic metabolism and thermogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 19:421-431. [PMID: 34837070 PMCID: PMC8891307 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a vital source of energy for all mammals. The balance between glucose uptake, metabolism and storage determines the energy status of an individual, and perturbations in this balance can lead to metabolic diseases. The maintenance of organismal glucose metabolism is a complex process that involves multiple tissues, including adipose tissue, which is an endocrine and energy storage organ that is critical for the regulation of systemic metabolism. Adipose tissue consists of an array of different cell types, including specialized adipocytes and stromal and endothelial cells. In addition, adipose tissue harbors a wide range of immune cells that play vital roles in adipose tissue homeostasis and function. These cells contribute to the regulation of systemic metabolism by modulating the inflammatory tone of adipose tissue, which is directly linked to insulin sensitivity and signaling. Furthermore, these cells affect the control of thermogenesis. While lean adipose tissue is rich in type 2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, obesity tips the balance in favor of a proinflammatory milieu, leading to the development of insulin resistance and the dysregulation of systemic metabolism. Notably, anti-inflammatory immune cells, including regulatory T cells and innate lymphocytes, protect against insulin resistance and have the characteristics of tissue-resident cells, while proinflammatory immune cells are recruited from the circulation to obese adipose tissue. Here, we review the key findings that have shaped our understanding of how immune cells regulate adipose tissue homeostasis to control organismal metabolism.
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PCOS and Depression: Common Links and Potential Targets. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:3106-3123. [PMID: 34642910 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00765-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PCOS or polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder that occurs during the reproductive age in females. It manifests in the form of a wide range of symptoms including (but not limited to) hirsutism, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, obesity, acne vulgaris, infertility, alopecia, and insulin resistance. The incidence of depression in PCOS population is increasing as compared to the general population. Increased depression in PCOS significantly alters the quality of life (QOL) of affected females. Also, self-esteem is found to be low in both depression and PCOS. The loss in self-esteem in such patients can be largely attributed to the associated factors including (but not limited to) obesity, acne, androgenic alopecia, and hirsutism. The reason behind the occurrence of depression in PCOS remains elusive to date. Literature suggests that there is an overlap of clinical symptoms between depression and PCOS. As the symptoms overlap, there is a possibility of common associations between depression, PCOS, and PCOS-associated abnormalities including insulin resistance (IR), obesity, CVD, and androgen excess. Studies demonstrate that depression is an inflammatory disorder marked with increased levels of inflammatory markers. On the other hand, PCOS is also regarded as a pro-inflammatory state that is characterized by increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers. Thus, there is a possibility of an inflammatory relationship existing between depression and PCOS. It is also possible that the inflammatory markers in PCOS can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leading to the development of depression. Through the present review, we have attempted to shed light on common associations/shared links between depression and PCOS with respect to the levels of cortisol, androgen, vitamin D, neurotransmitters, monoaminoxidase (MAO), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Tracking down common associations between depression and PCOS will help find potential drug therapies and improve the QOL of females with depression in PCOS.
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Giroud M, Jodeleit H, Prentice KJ, Bartelt A. Adipocyte function and the development of cardiometabolic disease. J Physiol 2021; 600:1189-1208. [PMID: 34555180 DOI: 10.1113/jp281979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a medical disorder caused by multiple mechanisms of dysregulated energy balance. A major consequence of obesity is an increased risk to develop diabetes, diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease. While a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is needed, translational research of the human pathology is hampered by the available cellular and rodent model systems. Major barriers are the species-specific differences in energy balance, vascular biology and adipose tissue physiology, especially related to white and brown adipocytes, and adipose tissue browning. In rodents, non-shivering thermogenesis is responsible for a large part of energy expenditure, but humans possess much less thermogenic fat, which means temperature is an important variable in translational research. Mouse models with predisposition to dyslipidaemia housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet more closely reflect human physiology. Also, adipocytes play a key role in the endocrine regulation of cardiovascular function. Adipocytes secrete a variety of hormones, lipid mediators and other metabolites that directly influence the local microenvironment as well as distant tissues. This is specifically apparent in perivascular depots, where adipocytes modulate vascular function and inflammation. Altogether, these mechanisms highlight the critical role of adipocytes in the development of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrika Jodeleit
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Downregulation of interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) along with low serum IL-10 levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Koufakis T, Dimitriadis G, Metallidis S, Zebekakis P, Kotsa K. The role of autoimmunity in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: Looking at the other side of the moon. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13231. [PMID: 33682984 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to unravel the pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been traditionally trapped into a metabolic perspective. However, T2D is a phenotypically and pathophysiologically heterogenous disorder, and the need for a tailored approach in its management is becoming increasingly evident. There is emerging evidence that irregular immune responses contribute to the development of hyperglycemia in T2D and, inversely, that insulin resistance is a component of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. Nevertheless, it has not yet been fully elucidated to what extent the presence of conventional autoimmune markers, such as autoantibodies, in subjects with T2D might affect the natural history of the disease and particularly each response to various treatments. The challenge for future research in the field is the discovery of novel genetic, molecular, or phenotypical indicators that would enable the characterization of specific subpopulations of people with T2D who would benefit most from the addition of immunomodulatory therapies to standard glucose-lowering treatment. This narrative review aims to discuss the plausible mechanisms through which the immune system might be implicated in the development of metabolic disturbances in T2D and obesity and explore a potential role of immunotherapy in the future management of the disorder and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Dimitriadis
- Athens University Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Symeon Metallidis
- Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis Zebekakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Abstract
The immune and endocrine systems collectively control homeostasis in the body. The endocrine system ensures that values of essential factors and nutrients such as glucose, electrolytes and vitamins are maintained within threshold values. The immune system resolves local disruptions in tissue homeostasis, caused by pathogens or malfunctioning cells. The immediate goals of these two systems do not always align. The immune system benefits from optimal access to nutrients for itself and restriction of nutrient availability to all other organs to limit pathogen replication. The endocrine system aims to ensure optimal nutrient access for all organs, limited only by the nutrients stores that the body has available. The actual state of homeostatic parameters such as blood glucose levels represents a careful balance based on regulatory signals from the immune and endocrine systems. This state is not static but continuously adjusted in response to changes in the current metabolic needs of the body, the amount of resources it has available and the level of threats it encounters. This balance is maintained by the ability of the immune and endocrine systems to interact and co-regulate systemic metabolism. In context of metabolic disease, this system is disrupted, which impairs functionality of both systems. The failure of the endocrine system to retain levels of nutrients such as glucose within threshold values impairs functionality of the immune system. In addition, metabolic stress of organs in context of obesity is perceived by the immune system as a disruption in local homeostasis, which it tries to resolve by the excretion of factors which further disrupt normal metabolic control. In this chapter, we will discuss how the immune and endocrine systems interact under homeostatic conditions and during infection with a focus on blood glucose regulation. In addition, we will discuss how this system fails in the context of metabolic disease.
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Aladhami AK, Unger CA, Ennis SL, Altomare D, Ji H, Hope MC, Velázquez KT, Enos RT. Macrophage tumor necrosis factor-alpha deletion does not protect against obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21665. [PMID: 34131955 PMCID: PMC8716064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100543rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), has been suggested to be a key factor in the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. However, the role that macrophage-derived TNF-α has on regulating metabolic perturbations in obesity is not completely understood. Therefore, we utilized the TNF-αFlox/Flox(F/F) , LyzMcre± mouse model to determine the impact that macrophage TNF-α deletion has on the development of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. At 10 weeks of age, male littermates were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: TNF-αF/F low-fat diet (TNF-αF/F LFD), TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre LFD, TNF-αF/F HFD, or TNF-αF/F,LyzMCre HFD (n = 16-28/group) and were fed their respective diets for 18 weeks. Body weight was assessed throughout the course of the experiment. Body composition, hepatic lipid accumulation, and metabolic outcomes were also examined. A microarray gene expression experiment was performed from RNA isolated from epididymal adipose tissue of the HFD-fed groups (n = 10/group) and results were verified via qRT-PCR for all groups. Macrophage-derived TNF-α deletion significantly reduced adipose tissue TNF-α gene expression and circulating TNF-α and downregulated genes linked to the toll-like receptor (TLR) and NFκB signaling pathways. However, macrophage TNF-α deletion had no effect on hindering the development of obesity, hepatic lipid accumulation, or improving glucose metabolism or insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, macrophage-derived TNF-α is not a causative factor for the induction of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Nursing College, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christian A. Unger
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shannon L. Ennis
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Marion C. Hope
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kandy T. Velázquez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Reilly T. Enos
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Soltani S, Aminianfar A, Hajianfar H, Azadbakht L, Shahshahan Z, Esmaillzadeh A. Association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of developing gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2021; 20:48. [PMID: 34078385 PMCID: PMC8173880 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited and inconsistent data are available regarding the relationship between the dietary inflammatory potential (DIP) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Objective The present prospective study aimed to evaluate the association between DIP score during the first trimester of pregnancy and risk of developing GDM among Iranian women. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 812 pregnant women aged 20–40 years, who were in their first trimester, were recruited and followed up until week 24–28 of gestation. Dietary intakes of study subjects were examined using an interviewer-administered validated 117-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DIP score was calculated from 29 available food parameters based on earlier literature. The results of a fasting plasma glucose concentration and a 50-g, 1-h oral glucose tolerance test, between the 24th and 28th week of gestation, were used to diagnose GDM. The risk of developing GDM across quartiles of DIP score was estimated using Cox regression in several models. Results At study baseline, mean (SD) age and BMI of study participants were 29.4 (±4.84) y and 25.14 (±4.08) kg/m2, respectively. No significant association was found between DIP score and risk of GDM in the crude model (RR: 1.01; 95% CIs: 0.71–1.45). When we adjusted for age the association did not alter (RR: 1.04; 95% CIs: 0.72–1.48). Even after further adjustment for maternal weight gain we failed to find a significant association between DIP score and risk of GDM (RR: 0.97; 95% CIs: 0.66–1.41). Conclusion We found no significant association between DIP and risk of developing GDM. Further longitudinal studies among other populations are needed to elucidate the association between DIP score and GDM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12937-021-00705-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soltani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hajianfar
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Food Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shahshahan
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alipourfard I, Bakhtiyari S, Gheysarzadeh A, Di Renzo L, De Lorenzo A, Mikeladze D, Khamoushi A. The Key Role of Akt Protein Kinase in Metabolic-Inflammatory Pathways Cross-Talk: TNF-α Down-Regulation and Improving of Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cell Line. Curr Mol Med 2021; 21:257-264. [PMID: 32338219 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666200427102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevation of plasma free fatty acids as a principal aspect of type 2 diabetes maintains etiologically insulin insensitivity in target cells. TNF-α inhibitory effects on key insulin signaling pathway elements remain to be verified in insulinresistant hepatic cells. Thus, TNF-α knockdown effects on the key elements of insulin signaling were investigated in the palmitate-induced insulin-resistant hepatocytes. The Akt serine kinase, a key protein of the insulin signaling pathway, phosphorylation was monitored to understand the TNF-α effect on probable enhancing of insulin resistance. METHODS Insulin-resistant HepG2 cells were produced using 0.5 mM palmitate treatment and shRNA-mediated TNF-α gene knockdown and its down-regulation confirmed using ELISA technique. Western blotting analysis was used to assess the Akt protein phosphorylation status. RESULTS Palmitate-induced insulin resistance caused TNF-α protein overexpression 1.2-, 2.78, and 2.25- fold as compared to the control cells at post-treatment times of 8 h, 16 h, and 24 h, respectively. In the presence of palmitate, TNF-α expression showed around 30% reduction in TNF-α knockdown cells as compared to normal cells. In the TNF-α down-regulated cell, Akt phosphorylation was approximately 62% more than control cells after treatment with 100 nM insulin in conjugation with 0.5 mM palmitate. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data demonstrated that TNF-α protein expression reduction improved insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in the HepG2 cells and decreased lipidinduced insulin resistance of the diabetic hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Gheysarzadeh
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Antonio De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - David Mikeladze
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Oza MJ, Laddha AP, Gaikwad AB, Mulay SR, Kulkarni YA. Role of dietary modifications in the management of type 2 diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105602. [PMID: 33838293 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Insufficient insulin secretion and insulin action are two major causes for the development of diabetes, which is characterized by a persistent increase in blood glucose level. Diet and sedentary life style play pivotal role in development of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Dietary modification is associated with a reprogramming of nutrient intake, which are proven to be effective for the management of diabetes and associated complications. Dietary modifications modulate various molecular key players linked with the functions of nutrient signalling, regulation of autophagy, and energy metabolism. It activates silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK mainly acts as an energy sensor and inhibits autophagy repressor Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) under nutritional deprivation. Under calorie restriction (CR), SIRT1 gets activated directly or indirectly and plays a central role in autophagy via the regulation of protein acetylation. Dietary modification is also effective in controlling inflammation and apoptosis by decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines like nuclear factor kappa- beta (NF-kβ), tissue growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tissue necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also improves glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion through beta cell regeneration. This indicates calorie intake plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes-associated complications. The present review, emphasizes the role of dietary modifications in diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ankit P Laddha
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Wadhawan A, Reynolds MA, Makkar H, Scott AJ, Potocki E, Hoisington AJ, Brenner LA, Dagdag A, Lowry CA, Dwivedi Y, Postolache TT. Periodontal Pathogens and Neuropsychiatric Health. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1353-1397. [PMID: 31924157 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200110161105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence incriminates low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular, metabolic diseases, and neuropsychiatric clinical conditions, all important causes of morbidity and mortality. One of the upstream and modifiable precipitants and perpetrators of inflammation is chronic periodontitis, a polymicrobial infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) playing a central role in the disease pathogenesis. We review the association between P. gingivalis and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric illness, and the molecular mechanisms potentially implicated in immune upregulation as well as downregulation induced by the pathogen. In addition to inflammation, translocation of the pathogens to the coronary and peripheral arteries, including brain vasculature, and gut and liver vasculature has important pathophysiological consequences. Distant effects via translocation rely on virulence factors of P. gingivalis such as gingipains, on its synergistic interactions with other pathogens, and on its capability to manipulate the immune system via several mechanisms, including its capacity to induce production of immune-downregulating micro-RNAs. Possible targets for intervention and drug development to manage distal consequences of infection with P. gingivalis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wadhawan
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Saint Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20032, United States
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Hina Makkar
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alison J Scott
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States
| | - Eileen Potocki
- VA Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, United States
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States
| | - Aline Dagdag
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, United States
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Mood and Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Aurora, United States.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, United States.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5, VA Capitol Health Care Network, Baltimore, United States
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The Inflammatory Profile of Obesity and the Role on Pulmonary Bacterial and Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073456. [PMID: 33810619 PMCID: PMC8037155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a globally increasing health problem, entailing diverse comorbidities such as infectious diseases. An obese weight status has marked effects on lung function that can be attributed to mechanical dysfunctions. Moreover, the alterations of adipocyte-derived signal mediators strongly influence the regulation of inflammation, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Our review summarizes the known effects regarding pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. For this, we discuss model systems that allow mechanistic investigation of the interplay between obesity and lung infections. Overall, obesity gives rise to a higher susceptibility to infectious pathogens, but the pathogenetic process is not clearly defined. Whereas, viral infections often show a more severe course in obese patients, the same patients seem to have a survival benefit during bacterial infections. In particular, we summarize the main mechanical impairments in the pulmonary tract caused by obesity. Moreover, we outline the main secretory changes within the expanded adipose tissue mass, resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Finally, we connect these altered host factors to the influence of obesity on the development of lung infection by summarizing observations from clinical and experimental data.
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Lou PH, Lucchinetti E, Wawrzyniak P, Morsy Y, Wawrzyniak M, Scharl M, Krämer SD, Rogler G, Hersberger M, Zaugg M. Choice of Lipid Emulsion Determines Inflammation of the Gut-Liver Axis, Incretin Profile, and Insulin Signaling in a Murine Model of Total Parenteral Nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000412. [PMID: 32729969 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to test whether the choice of the lipid emulsion in total parenteral nutrition (TPN), that is, n-3 fatty acid-based Omegaven versus n-6 fatty acid-based Intralipid, determines inflammation in the liver, the incretin profile, and insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS Jugular vein catheters (JVC) are placed in C57BL/6 mice and used for TPN for 7 days. Mice are randomized into a saline group (saline infusion with oral chow), an Intralipid group (IL-TPN, no chow), an Omegaven group (OV-TPN, no chow), or a chow only group (without JVC). Both TPN elicite higher abundance of lipopolysaccharide binding protein in the liver, but only IL-TPN increases interleukin-6 and interferon-γ, while OV-TPN reduces interleukin-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-1α. Insulin plasma concentrations are higher in both TPN, while glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were higher in IL-TPN. Gluconeogenesis is increased in IL-TPN and the nuclear profile of key metabolic transcription factors shows a liver-protective phenotype in OV-TPN. OV-TPN increases insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION OV-TPN as opposed to IL-TPN mitigates inflammation in the liver and reduces the negative metabolic effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia by "re-sensitizing" the liver and skeletal muscle to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phing-How Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
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Lourido F, Quenti D, Salgado-Canales D, Tobar N. Domeless receptor loss in fat body tissue reverts insulin resistance induced by a high-sugar diet in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3263. [PMID: 33547367 PMCID: PMC7864986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes resulting from the confluence of several factors, including genetic susceptibility, inflammation, and diet. Under this pathophysiological condition, the dysfunction of the adipose tissue triggered by the excess caloric supply promotes the loss of sensitivity to insulin at the local and peripheral level, a process in which different signaling pathways are involved that are part of the metabolic response to the diet. Besides, the dysregulation of insulin signaling is strongly associated with inflammatory processes in which the JAK/STAT pathway plays a central role. To better understand the role of JAK/STAT signaling in the development of insulin resistance, we used a simple organism, Drosophila melanogaster, as a type 2 diabetes model generated by the consumption of a high-sugar diet. In this model, we studied the effects of inhibiting the expression of the JAK/STAT pathway receptor Domeless, in fat body, on adipose metabolism and glycemic control. Our results show that the Domeless receptor loss in fat body cells reverses both hyperglycemia and the increase in the expression of the insulin resistance marker Nlaz, observed in larvae fed a high sugar diet. This effect is consistent with a significant reduction in Dilp2 mRNA expression and an increase in body weight compared to wild-type flies fed high sugar diets. Additionally, the loss of Domeless reduced the accumulation of triglycerides in the fat body cells of larvae fed HSD and also significantly increased the lifespan of adult flies. Taken together, our results show that the loss of Domeless in the fat body reverses at least in part the dysmetabolism induced by a high sugar diet in a Drosophila type 2 diabetes model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Lourido
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano, 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Quenti
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano, 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Salgado-Canales
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano, 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Tobar
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Av. El Líbano, 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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Association of metabolic and inflammatory markers with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): an update. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 303:631-643. [PMID: 33439300 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent metabolic disorder in reproductive-age women. It is indeed a multifactorial condition evidenced by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenaemia, infertility, hormonal imbalance and chronic anovulation. Experimental evidence infers that PCOS women are prone to cardiovascular problems and insulin resistance. PURPOSE To furnish the details about the association of inflammatory markers in PCOS. DESIGN An extensive literature search on PubMed, science direct and google scholar has been performed for articles about PCOS and inflammation in PCOS. A comprehensive analysis using original articles, reviews, systemic and meta-analysis was conducted for better understanding the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and PCOS. RESULTS The inflammatory markers perform a substantial part in managing the functions of the ovary. Any disturbances in their levels can lead to ovarian dysfunction. Inflammatory markers are associated with PCOS pathogenesis. The interplay between inflammatory cytokines in the PCOS ovary strongly implies that inflammation is one of the most potent risk factors of PCOS. CONCLUSION Inflammatory markers have a significant role in regulating the ovary. This manuscript highlights the significance of metabolic and inflammatory markers with PCOS. Since PCOS is always considered as a metabolic disorder, researchers can also consider focusing on the relationship between the inflammatory markers in PCOS to establish a new treatment or management of the disease and to improve women's health.
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The Influence of Physical Activity on the Bioactive Lipids Metabolism in Obesity-Induced Muscle Insulin Resistance. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121665. [PMID: 33322719 PMCID: PMC7764345 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption and lack of physical activity are important risk factors for metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance is a state of a weakened response of tissues such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver to insulin, which causes an increase in blood glucose levels. This condition is the result of inhibition of the intracellular insulin signaling pathway. Skeletal muscle is an important insulin-sensitive tissue that accounts for about 80% of insulin-dependent glucose uptake. Although the exact mechanism by which insulin resistance is induced has not been thoroughly understood, it is known that insulin resistance is most commonly associated with obesity. Therefore, it is believed that lipids may play an important role in inducing insulin resistance. Among lipids, researchers’ attention is mainly focused on biologically active lipids: diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides. These lipids are able to regulate the activity of intracellular enzymes, including those involved in insulin signaling. Available data indicate that physical activity affects lipid metabolism and has a positive effect on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscles. In this review, we have presented the current state of knowledge about the impact of physical activity on insulin resistance and metabolism of biologically active lipids.
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Predictors of HbA1c among Adipocytokine Biomarkers in African-American Men with Varied Glucose Tolerance. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110520. [PMID: 33233515 PMCID: PMC7699586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored adipocytokine associations with acute and chronic hyperglycemia in African-American men (AAM). Fourteen adipocytokines were measured from men with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes (T2D, drug-naïve MF(-) or using metformin MF(+)). Acute and chronic hyperglycemia were evaluated by 120 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). AAM with T2D (n = 21) compared to NGT (n = 20) were older, had higher BMI and slightly higher glucose and insulin. In the fasted state, TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, IL-13, adiponectin, adipsin, and lipocalin were lower in T2D vs. NGT. At 120 min post-glucose load, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, IL-8, PAI-1, adiponectin, adipsin, lipocalin, and resistin were lower in T2D vs. NGT. There were no statistical differences for GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-10, IP-10, and MCP-1. Regression analysis showed that fasting IL-8, TNF-α, adiponectin, lipocalin, resistin, adipsin, and PAI-1 were associated with HbA1c. After adjusting for age, BMI, glucose tolerance, and metformin use, only adipsin remained significantly associated with HbA1c (p = 0.021). The model including adipsin, TNF-α, age, BMI, and group designation (i.e., NGT, MF(-), MF(+)) explained 86% of HbA1c variability. The data suggested that adipsin could be associated with HbA1c in AAM with varied glucose tolerance.
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Merchant AT, Liu J, Reynolds MA, Beck JD, Zhang J. Quantile regression to estimate the survivor average causal effect of periodontal treatment effects on birthweight and gestational age. J Periodontol 2020; 92:975-982. [PMID: 33155296 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival average causal effect (SACE) can give valid estimates of the periodontal treatment effect on birth outcomes in randomized controlled trials when fetal losses are unequal across the treatment arms. A regression-based method to estimate SACE using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression can be biased if the treatment effect varies across the outcome distribution. In this case quantile regression may be a suitable alternative. METHODS We compared OLS and quantile regression models estimating SACE to calculate the effect of periodontal treatment on birthweight and gestational age in secondary analyses of publicly available Obstetrics and Periodontal Therapy (OPT) trial data. RESULTS Periodontal treatment tended to increase birthweight and gestational age at the lowest quantiles, remained flat in the middle quantiles, and trended to decrease both birthweight and gestational age in the highest quantiles. In quantile regression models estimating SACE the β-coefficients: 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were 277.5: -141.0 to 696.0 g, 1.4: -107 to 110.3 g, and -84: -344 to 175.3 g for birthweight, and 0.6: -1.0 to 2.2 weeks, -0.1: -0.5 to 0.2 weeks, and -0.6: -1.0 to -0.1 weeks for gestational age. Estimates from OLS models estimating SACE were close to the null, β: 95% CI -4.7: 132.3 to 123.0 g for birthweight, and 0.03: -0.72 to 0.78 weeks for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS OLS models to evaluate SACE for periodontal treatment effects on birthweight and gestational age may be biased towards the null. Quantile regression may be a preferable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar T Merchant
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - James D Beck
- Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Potential Benefits of Acupuncture and Herbs for Obesity-Related Chronic Inflammation by Adipokines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3285363. [PMID: 33133214 PMCID: PMC7568779 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3285363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an organ that stores energy in the form of fats. It also has been known as an endocrine playing an integral role in metabolic homeostasis by secreting various adipokines. In obesity, the adipokine components and secretion patterns are altered toward proinflammation with weight gain, causing low chronic inflammation, which is closely linked to various metabolic diseases. Acupuncture and herbs are used for the management of obesity and its comorbidities, and it has been observed that these therapies affect the amount of expression and concentration of adipokines with improved metabolic phenotypes in both animal and human metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of adipokines and summarize beneficial effects of the treatments such as electroacupuncture, pharmacopuncture, catgut embedding acupuncture, and single and multiple medicinal herbs on obesity and its relations to adipokine composition. It will provide a new insight for applying adipokines as surrogate markers in complementary and alternative medicine practice.
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Siddiqui K, Scaria Joy S, George TP. Circulating resistin levels in relation with insulin resistance, inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Acierno C, Caturano A, Pafundi PC, Nevola R, Adinolfi LE, Sasso FC. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the two faces of the same coin. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the close relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are multiple, complex and only partially known. The purpose of this paper was to review the current knowledge of these mechanisms in a unified manner. Subjects with NAFLD and T2DM have established insulin resistance (IR), which exacerbates the two comorbidities. IR worsens NAFLD by increasing the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver. This occurs due to an increase in the influx of FFAs from peripheral adipose tissue by the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase. In addition, there is de novo increased lipogenesis, a transcription factor, the sterols regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), which activates the expression of several genes strongly promotes lipogenesis by the liver and facilitate storage of triglycerides. Lipids accumulation in the liver induces a chronic stress in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with NAFLD severity, but unrelated to IR. In particular, the alteration of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 contributes to the susceptibility to NAFLD. Furthermore, the lipotoxicity of ceramides and diacylglycerol, well known in T2DM, triggers a chronic inflammatory process favoring the progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis. Reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondrial dysfunction trigger both liver inflammation and beta-cells damage, promoting the progression of both NAFLD and T2DM. The close association between NAFLD and T2DM is bidirectional, as T2DM may trigger both NAFLD onset and its progression, but NAFLD itself may contribute to the development of IR and T2DM. Future studies on the mechanisms will have to deepen the knowledge of the interaction between the two pathologies and should allow the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD, currently substantially absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Acierno
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nevola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Ital
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