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Reyes JGA, Ni D, Santner-Nanan B, Pinget GV, Kraftova L, Ashhurst TM, Marsh-Wakefield F, Wishart CL, Tan J, Hsu P, King NJC, Macia L, Nanan R. A unique human cord blood CD8 +CD45RA +CD27 +CD161 + T-cell subset identified by flow cytometric data analysis using Seurat. Immunology 2024; 173:106-124. [PMID: 38798051 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-cell level analytical techniques, especially cytometric approaches, have led to profound innovation in biomedical research, particularly in the field of clinical immunology. This has resulted in an expansion of high-dimensional data, posing great challenges for comprehensive and unbiased analysis. Conventional manual analysis is thus becoming untenable to handle these challenges. Furthermore, most newly developed computational methods lack flexibility and interoperability, hampering their accessibility and usability. Here, we adapted Seurat, an R package originally developed for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, for high-dimensional flow cytometric data analysis. Based on a 20-marker antibody panel and analyses of T-cell profiles in both adult blood and cord blood (CB), we showcased the robust capacity of Seurat in flow cytometric data analysis, which was further validated by Spectre, another high-dimensional cytometric data analysis package, and conventional manual analysis. Importantly, we identified a unique CD8+ T-cell population defined as CD8+CD45RA+CD27+CD161+ T cell that was predominantly present in CB. We characterised its IFN-γ-producing and potential cytotoxic properties using flow cytometry experiments and scRNA-seq analysis from a published dataset. Collectively, we identified a unique human CB CD8+CD45RA+CD27+CD161+ T-cell subset and demonstrated that Seurat, a widely used package for scRNA-seq analysis, possesses great potential to be repurposed for cytometric data analysis. This facilitates an unbiased and thorough interpretation of complicated high-dimensional data using a single analytical pipeline and opens a novel avenue for data-driven investigation in clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Gabirel Araneta Reyes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brigitte Santner-Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriela Veronica Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucie Kraftova
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Myles Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Human Cancer and Viral Immunology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Leana Wishart
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human System Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Hsu
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human System Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Wang W, Gu W, Schweitzer R, Koren O, Khatib S, Tseng G, Konnikova L. In utero human intestine contains maternally derived bacterial metabolites. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.20.608888. [PMID: 39229010 PMCID: PMC11370329 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.20.608888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding when host-microbiome interactions are first established is crucial for comprehending normal development and identifying disease prevention strategies. Furthermore, bacterially derived metabolites play critical roles in shaping the intestinal immune system. Recent studies have demonstrated that memory T cells infiltrate human intestinal tissue early in the second trimester, suggesting that intestinal immune education begins in utero. Our previous study reported a unique fetal intestinal metabolomic profile with an abundance of several bacterially derived metabolites and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands implicated in mucosal immune regulation. To follow up on this work, in the current study, we demonstrate that a number of microbial byproducts present in fetal intestines in utero are maternally derived and vertically transmitted to the fetus. Notably, these bacterially derived metabolites, particularly short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, are likely biologically active and functional in regulating the fetal immune system and preparing the gastrointestinal tract for postnatal microbial encounters, as the transcripts for their various receptors and carrier proteins are present in second trimester intestinal tissue through single-cell transcriptomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Weihong Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ron Schweitzer
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Human Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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3
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Gu W, Eke C, Gonzalez Santiago E, Olaloye O, Konnikova L. Single-cell atlas of the small intestine throughout the human lifespan demonstrates unique features of fetal immune cells. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:599-617. [PMID: 38555026 PMCID: PMC11384551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Proper development of mucosal immunity is critical for human health. Over the past decade, it has become evident that in humans, this process begins in utero. However, there are limited data on the unique features and functions of fetal mucosal immune cells. To address this gap, we integrated several single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing datasets of the human small intestine (SI) to create an SI transcriptional atlas throughout the human life span, ranging from the first trimester to adulthood, with a focus on immune cells. Fetal SI displayed a complex immune landscape comprising innate and adaptive immune cells that exhibited distinct transcriptional programs from postnatal samples, especially compared with pediatric and adult samples. We identified shifts in myeloid populations across gestation and progression of memory T-cell states throughout the human lifespan. In particular, there was a marked shift of memory T cells from those with stem-like properties in the fetal samples to fully differentiated cells with a high expression of activation and effector function genes in adult samples, with neonatal samples containing both features. Finally, we demonstrate that the SI developmental atlas can be used to elucidate improper trajectories linked to mucosal diseases by implicating developmental abnormalities underlying necrotizing enterocolitis, a severe intestinal complication of prematurity. Collectively, our data provide valuable resources and important insights into intestinal immunity that will facilitate regenerative medicine and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chino Eke
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Oluwabunmi Olaloye
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Human Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Koren O, Konnikova L, Brodin P, Mysorekar IU, Collado MC. The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: implications for the developing immune system. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:35-45. [PMID: 38097774 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has important roles in host metabolism and immunity, and microbial dysbiosis affects human physiology and health. Maternal immunity and microbial metabolites during pregnancy, microbial transfer during birth, and transfer of immune factors, microorganisms and metabolites via breastfeeding provide critical sources of early-life microbial and immune training, with important consequences for human health. Only a few studies have directly examined the interactions between the gut microbiome and the immune system during pregnancy, and the subsequent effect on offspring development. In this Review, we aim to describe how the maternal microbiome shapes overall pregnancy-associated maternal, fetal and early neonatal immune systems, focusing on the existing evidence and highlighting current gaps to promote further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Paediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Petter Brodin
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Indira U Mysorekar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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Farias-Jofre M, Romero R, Galaz J, Xu Y, Miller D, Garcia-Flores V, Arenas-Hernandez M, Winters AD, Berkowitz BA, Podolsky RH, Shen Y, Kanninen T, Panaitescu B, Glazier CR, Pique-Regi R, Theis KR, Gomez-Lopez N. Blockade of IL-6R prevents preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104865. [PMID: 37944273 PMCID: PMC10665693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth preceded by spontaneous preterm labour often occurs in the clinical setting of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation (SIAI), a condition that currently lacks treatment. METHODS Proteomic and scRNA-seq human data were analysed to evaluate the role of IL-6 and IL-1α in SIAI. A C57BL/6 murine model of SIAI-induced preterm birth was developed by the ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of IL-1α. The blockade of IL-6R by using an aIL-6R was tested as prenatal treatment for preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. QUEST-MRI evaluated brain oxidative stress in utero. Targeted transcriptomic profiling assessed maternal, foetal, and neonatal inflammation. Neonatal biometrics and neurodevelopment were tested. The neonatal gut immune-microbiome was evaluated using metagenomic sequencing and immunophenotyping. FINDINGS IL-6 plays a critical role in the human intra-amniotic inflammatory response, which is associated with elevated concentrations of the alarmin IL-1α. Intra-amniotic injection of IL-1α resembles SIAI, inducing preterm birth (7% vs. 50%, p = 0.03, Fisher's exact test) and neonatal mortality (18% vs. 56%, p = 0.02, Mann-Whitney U-test). QUEST-MRI revealed no foetal brain oxidative stress upon in utero IL-1α exposure (p > 0.05, mixed linear model). Prenatal treatment with aIL-6R abrogated IL-1α-induced preterm birth (50% vs. 7%, p = 0.03, Fisher's exact test) by dampening inflammatory processes associated with the common pathway of labour. Importantly, aIL-6R reduces neonatal mortality (56% vs. 22%, p = 0.03, Mann-Whitney U-test) by crossing from the mother to the amniotic cavity, dampening foetal organ inflammation and improving growth. Beneficial effects of prenatal IL-6R blockade carried over to neonatal life, improving survival, growth, neurodevelopment, and gut immune homeostasis. INTERPRETATION IL-6R blockade can serve as a strategy to treat SIAI, preventing preterm birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. FUNDING NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Contract HHSN275201300006C. WSU Perinatal Initiative in Maternal, Perinatal and Child Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farias-Jofre
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Jose Galaz
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yi Xu
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Derek Miller
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Winters
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MO, USA
| | - Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Division of Biostatistics and Design Methodology, Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tomi Kanninen
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Catherine R Glazier
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kevin R Theis
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MO, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MO, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Locher V, Park S, Bunis DG, Makredes S, Mayer M, Burt TD, Fragiadakis GK, Halkias J. Homeostatic cytokines reciprocally modulate the emergence of prenatal effector PLZF+CD4+ T cells in humans. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164672. [PMID: 37856221 PMCID: PMC10721317 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of human prenatal adaptive immunity progresses faster than previously appreciated, with the emergence of memory CD4+ T cells alongside regulatory T cells by midgestation. We previously identified a prenatal specific population of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger-positive (PLZF+) CD4+ T cells with heightened effector potential that were enriched in the developing intestine and accumulated in the cord blood of infants exposed to prenatal inflammation. However, the signals that drive their tissue distribution and effector maturation are unknown. Here, we define the transcriptional and functional heterogeneity of human prenatal PLZF+CD4+ T cells and identify the compartmentalization of T helper-like (Th-like) effector function across the small intestine (SI) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). IL-7 was more abundant in the SI relative to the MLNs and drove the preferential expansion of naive PLZF+CD4+ T cells via enhanced STAT5 and MEK/ERK signaling. Exposure to IL-7 was sufficient to induce the acquisition of CD45RO expression and rapid effector function in a subset of PLZF+CD4+ T cells, identifying a human analog of memory phenotype CD4+ T cells. Further, IL-7 modulated the differentiation of Th1- and Th17-like PLZF+CD4+ T cells and thus likely contributes to the anatomic compartmentalization of human prenatal CD4+ T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Locher
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Park
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel G. Bunis
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative and
- CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Makredes
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margareta Mayer
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Trevor D. Burt
- Division of Neonatology and the Children’s Health & Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gabriela K. Fragiadakis
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative and
- CoLabs, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joanna Halkias
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, and
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Bakar ImmunoX Initiative and
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7
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Steininger H, Moltzau-Anderson J, Lynch SV. Contributions of the early-life microbiome to childhood atopy and asthma development. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101795. [PMID: 37379671 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rise in atopy and asthma in industrialized nations has led to the identification of early life environmental factors that promote these conditions and spurred research into how such exposures may mediate the trajectory to childhood disease development. Over the past decade, the human microbiome has emerged as a key determinant of human health. This is largely due to the increasing appreciation for the myriad of non-mutually exclusive mechanisms by which microbes tune and train host immunity. Microbiomes, particularly those in early life, are shaped by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, including many of the exposures known to influence allergy and asthma risk. This has led to the over-arching hypothesis that such exposures mediate their effect on childhood atopy and asthma by altering the functions and metabolic productivity of microbiomes that shape immune function during this critical developmental period. The capacity to study microbiomes at the genetic and molecular level in humans from the pre-natal period into childhood with well-defined clinical outcomes, offers an unprecedented opportunity to identify early-life and inter-generational determinants of atopy and asthma outcomes. Moreover, such studies provide an integrative microbiome research framework that can be applied to other chronic inflammatory conditions. This review attempts to capture key studies in the field that offer insights into the developmental origins of childhood atopy and asthma, providing novel insights into microbial mediators of maladaptive immunity and chronic inflammatory disease in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Steininger
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jacqueline Moltzau-Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Francisco, USA; Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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8
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Hackstein CP, Klenerman P. MAITs and their mates: "Innate-like" behaviors in conventional and unconventional T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:1-9. [PMID: 37256718 PMCID: PMC10324555 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Most CD4 and CD8 T cells are restricted by conventional major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and mount TCR-dependent adaptive immune responses. In contrast, MAIT, iNKT, and certain γδ TCR bearing cells are characterized by their abilities to recognize antigens presented by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules and to mount cytokine-mediated TCR-independent responses in an "innate-like" manner. In addition, several more diverse T-cell subsets have been described that in a similar manner are restricted by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules but mainly depend on their TCRs for activation. Vice versa, innate-like behaviour was reported in defined subpopulations of conventional T cells, particularly in barrier sites, showing that these two features are not necessarily linked. The abilities to recognize antigens presented by unconventional antigen-presenting molecules or to mount TCR-independent responses creates unique niches for these T cells and is linked to wide range of functional capabilities. This is especially exemplified by unconventional and innate-like T cells present at barrier sites where they are involved in pathogen defense, tissue homeostasis as well as in pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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9
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Jordan-Paiz A, Martrus G, Steinert FL, Kaufmann M, Sagebiel AF, Schreurs RRCE, Rechtien A, Baumdick ME, Jung JM, Möller KJ, Wegner L, Grüttner C, Richert L, Thünauer R, Schroeder-Schwarz J, van Goudoever JB, Geijtenbeek TBH, Altfeld M, Pals ST, Perez D, Klarenbeek PL, Tomuschat C, Sauter G, Königs I, Schumacher U, Friese MA, Melling N, Reinshagen K, Bunders MJ. CXCR5 +PD-1 ++ CD4 + T cells colonize infant intestines early in life and promote B cell maturation. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:201-213. [PMID: 36600048 PMCID: PMC9886971 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infections are a major cause for serious clinical complications in infants. The induction of antibody responses by B cells is critical for protective immunity against infections and requires CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells (TFH cells). We investigated the ontogeny of CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells in human intestines. While CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells were absent in fetal intestines, CXCR5+PD-1++ CD4+ T cells increased after birth and were abundant in infant intestines, resulting in significant higher numbers compared to adults. These findings were supported by scRNAseq analyses, showing increased frequencies of CD4+ T cells with a TFH gene signature in infant intestines compared to blood. Co-cultures of autologous infant intestinal CXCR5+PD-1+/-CD4+ T cells with B cells further demonstrated that infant intestinal TFH cells were able to effectively promote class switching and antibody production by B cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that functional TFH cells are numerous in infant intestines, making them a promising target for oral pediatric vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jordan-Paiz
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Fenja L Steinert
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Max Kaufmann
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Adrian F Sagebiel
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Renée R C E Schreurs
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Rechtien
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
- Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Martin E Baumdick
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Johannes M Jung
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Kimberly J Möller
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Lucy Wegner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Cordula Grüttner
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and INRIA SISTM Team, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Roland Thünauer
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schroeder-Schwarz
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Johannes B van Goudoever
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology; Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Paul L Klarenbeek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1007 MB, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Tomuschat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Ingo Königs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Altona Children's Hospital, Hamburg, 22763, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Melling
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Konrad Reinshagen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Madeleine J Bunders
- Department of Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany.
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
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10
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Hackstein CP, Costigan D, Drexhage L, Pearson C, Bullers S, Ilott N, Akther HD, Gu Y, FitzPatrick MEB, Harrison OJ, Garner LC, Mann EH, Pandey S, Friedrich M, Provine NM, Uhlig HH, Marchi E, Powrie F, Klenerman P, Thornton EE. A conserved population of MHC II-restricted, innate-like, commensal-reactive T cells in the gut of humans and mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7472. [PMID: 36463279 PMCID: PMC9719512 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35126-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions with commensal microbes shape host immunity on multiple levels and play a pivotal role in human health and disease. Tissue-dwelling, antigen-specific T cells are poised to respond to local insults, making their phenotype important in the relationship between host and microbes. Here we show that MHC-II restricted, commensal-reactive T cells in the colon of both humans and mice acquire transcriptional and functional characteristics associated with innate-like T cells. This cell population is abundant and conserved in the human and murine colon and endowed with polyfunctional effector properties spanning classic Th1- and Th17-cytokines, cytotoxic molecules, and regulators of epithelial homeostasis. T cells with this phenotype are increased in ulcerative colitis patients, and their presence aggravates pathology in dextran sodium sulphate-treated mice, pointing towards a pathogenic role in colitis. Our findings add to the expanding spectrum of innate-like immune cells positioned at the frontline of intestinal immune surveillance, capable of acting as sentinels of microbes and the local cytokine milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dana Costigan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linnea Drexhage
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Bullers
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hossain Delowar Akther
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yisu Gu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael E B FitzPatrick
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Lucy C Garner
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumeet Pandey
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas M Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, and Biomedical Research Centre, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX39DU, UK
| | - Emanuele Marchi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Emily E Thornton
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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11
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DeVries A, McCauley K, Fadrosh D, Fujimura KE, Stern DA, Lynch SV, Vercelli D. Maternal prenatal immunity, neonatal trained immunity, and early airway microbiota shape childhood asthma development. Allergy 2022; 77:3617-3628. [PMID: 35841380 PMCID: PMC9712226 DOI: 10.1111/all.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The path to childhood asthma is thought to initiate in utero and be further promoted by postnatal exposures. However, the underlying mechanisms remain underexplored. We hypothesized that prenatal maternal immune dysfunction associated with increased childhood asthma risk (revealed by low IFN-γ:IL-13 secretion during the third trimester of pregnancy) alters neonatal immune training through epigenetic mechanisms and promotes early-life airway colonization by asthmagenic microbiota. METHODS We examined epigenetic, immunologic, and microbial features potentially related to maternal prenatal immunity (IFN-γ:IL-13 ratio) and childhood asthma in a birth cohort of mother-child dyads sampled pre-, peri-, and postnatally (N = 155). Epigenome-wide DNA methylation and cytokine production were assessed in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) by array profiling and ELISA, respectively. Nasopharyngeal microbiome composition was characterized at age 2-36 months by 16S rRNA sequencing. RESULTS Maternal prenatal immune status related to methylome profiles in neonates born to non-asthmatic mothers. A module of differentially methylated CpG sites enriched for microbe-responsive elements was associated with childhood asthma. In vitro responsiveness to microbial products was impaired in CBMCs from neonates born to mothers with the lowest IFN-γ:IL-13 ratio, suggesting defective neonatal innate immunity in those who developed asthma during childhood. These infants exhibited a distinct pattern of upper airway microbiota development characterized by early-life colonization by Haemophilus that transitioned to a Moraxella-dominated microbiota by age 36 months. CONCLUSIONS Maternal prenatal immune status shapes asthma development in her child by altering the epigenome and trained innate immunity at birth, and is associated with pathologic upper airway microbial colonization in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery DeVries
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research CenterThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- The BIO5 InstituteThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Kathryn McCauley
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Benioff Center for Microbiome MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Douglas Fadrosh
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kei E. Fujimura
- Genetic Disease LabCalifornia Department of Public HealthRichmondCaliforniaUSA
| | - Debra A. Stern
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research CenterThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Benioff Center for Microbiome MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research CenterThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- The BIO5 InstituteThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Arizona Center for the Biology of Complex DiseasesThe University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
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12
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Pieren DKJ, Boer MC, de Wit J. The adaptive immune system in early life: The shift makes it count. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031924. [PMID: 36466865 PMCID: PMC9712958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infectious diseases encountered early in life may result in life-threatening disease in neonates, which is primarily explained by the relatively naive neonatal immune system. Whereas vaccines are not readily available for all infectious diseases, vaccinations have greatly reduced childhood mortality. However, repeated vaccinations are required to reach protective immunity in infants and not all vaccinations are effective at young age. Moreover, protective adaptive immunity elicited by vaccination wanes more rapidly at young age compared to adulthood. The infant adaptive immune system has previously been considered immature but this paradigm has changed during the past years. Recent evidence shows that the early life adaptive immune system is equipped with a strong innate-like effector function to eliminate acute pathogenic threats. These strong innate-like effector capacities are in turn kept in check by a tolerogenic counterpart of the adaptive system that may have evolved to maintain balance and to reduce collateral damage. In this review, we provide insight into these aspects of the early life's adaptive immune system by addressing recent literature. Moreover, we speculate that this shift from innate-like and tolerogenic adaptive immune features towards formation of immune memory may underlie different efficacy of infant vaccination in these different phases of immune development. Therefore, presence of innate-like and tolerogenic features of the adaptive immune system may be used as a biomarker to improve vaccination strategies against respiratory and other infections in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jelle de Wit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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13
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Identification of distinct functional thymic programming of fetal and pediatric human γδ thymocytes via single-cell analysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5842. [PMID: 36195611 PMCID: PMC9532436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental thymic waves of innate-like and adaptive-like γδ T cells have been described, but the current understanding of γδ T cell development is mainly limited to mouse models. Here, we combine single cell (sc) RNA gene expression and sc γδ T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on fetal and pediatric γδ thymocytes in order to understand the ontogeny of human γδ T cells. Mature fetal γδ thymocytes (both the Vγ9Vδ2 and nonVγ9Vδ2 subsets) are committed to either a type 1, a type 3 or a type 2-like effector fate displaying a wave-like pattern depending on gestation age, and are enriched for public CDR3 features upon maturation. Strikingly, these effector modules express different CDR3 sequences and follow distinct developmental trajectories. In contrast, the pediatric thymus generates only a small effector subset that is highly biased towards Vγ9Vδ2 TCR usage and shows a mixed type 1/type 3 effector profile. Thus, our combined dataset of gene expression and detailed TCR information at the single-cell level identifies distinct functional thymic programming of γδ T cell immunity in human. Knowledge about the ontogeny of T cells in the thymus relies heavily on mouse studies because of difficulty to obtain human material. Here the authors perform a single cell analysis of thymocytes from human fetal and paediatric thymic samples to characterise the development of human γδ T cells in the thymus.
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14
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Weng M, Xie H, Zheng M, Hou X, Wang S, Huang Y. Identification of CD161 expression as a novel prognostic biomarker in breast cancer correlated with immune infiltration. Front Genet 2022; 13:996345. [PMID: 36246587 PMCID: PMC9561259 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.996345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:CD161 has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in many neoplasms, but its role in breast cancer (BC) has not been fully explained. We aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism and prognostic value of CD161 in BC. Methods:CD161 expression profile was extracted from TIMER, Oncomine, UALCAN databases, and verified by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The prognostic value of CD161 was assessed via GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier plotter and PrognoScan databases. The Cox regression and nomogram analyses were conducted to further validate the association between CD161 expression and survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed to probe the tumor-associated annotations of CD161. CIBERSORT and ssGSEA were employed to investigate the correlation between CD161 expression and immune cell infiltration in BC, and the result was verified by TIMER and TISIDB. Results: Multiple BC cohorts showed that CD161 expression was decreased in BC, and a high CD161 expression was associated with a preferable prognosis. Therefore, we identified the combined model including CD161, age and PR status to predict the survival (C index = 0.78) of BC patients. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that CD161 and its co-expressed genes were closely related to several cancerous and immune signaling pathways, suggesting its involvement in immune response during cancer development. Moreover, immune infiltration analysis revealed that CD161 expression was correlated with immune infiltration. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings revealed that CD161 may serve as a potential biomarker for favorable prognosis and a promising immune therapeutic target in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Weng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwen Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shui Wang, ; Yue Huang,
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shui Wang, ; Yue Huang,
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15
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Huang YJ, Porsche C, Kozik AJ, Lynch SV. Microbiome-Immune Interactions in Allergy and Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2244-2251. [PMID: 35724951 PMCID: PMC10566566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota has been established as a key regulator of host health, in large part owing to its constant interaction with and impact on host immunity. A range of environmental exposures spanning from the prenatal period through adulthood are known to affect the composition and molecular productivity of microbiomes across mucosal and dermal tissues with short- and long-term consequences for host immune function. Here we review recent findings in the field that provide insights into how microbial-immune interactions promote and sustain immune dysfunction associated with allergy and asthma. We consider both early life microbiome perturbation and the molecular underpinnings of immune dysfunction associated with subsequent allergy and asthma development in childhood, as well as microbiome features that relate to phenotypic attributes of allergy and asthma in older patients with established disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
| | - Cara Porsche
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Ariangela J Kozik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif.
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16
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de Coppi P, Loukogeorgakis S, Götherström C, David AL, Almeida-Porada G, Chan JKY, Deprest J, Wong KKY, Tam PKH. Regenerative medicine: prenatal approaches. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:643-653. [PMID: 35963269 PMCID: PMC10664288 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
This two-paper Series focuses on recent advances and applications of regenerative medicine that could benefit paediatric patients. Innovations in genomic, stem-cell, and tissue-based technologies have created progress in disease modelling and new therapies for congenital and incurable paediatric diseases. Prenatal approaches present unique opportunities associated with substantial biotechnical, medical, and ethical obstacles. Maternal plasma fetal DNA analysis is increasingly adopted as a noninvasive prenatal screening or diagnostic test for chromosomal and monogenic disorders. The molecular basis for cell-free DNA detection stimulated the development of circulating tumour DNA testing for adult cancers. In-utero stem-cell, gene, gene-modified cell (and to a lesser extent, tissue-based) therapies have shown early clinical promise in a wide range of paediatric disorders. Fetal cells for postnatal treatment and artificial placenta for ex-utero fetal therapies are new frontiers in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo de Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Stavros Loukogeorgakis
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Department of Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Götherström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Womens Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Fetal Research and Therapy Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem NC, USA
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jan Deprest
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Kak Yuen Wong
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Paul Kwong Hang Tam
- Division of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau Special Administrative Region, China.
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17
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Bruni E, Cimino MM, Donadon M, Carriero R, Terzoli S, Piazza R, Ravens S, Prinz I, Cazzetta V, Marzano P, Kunderfranco P, Peano C, Soldani C, Franceschini B, Colombo FS, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Torzilli G, Mikulak J, Mavilio D. Intrahepatic CD69 +Vδ1 T cells re-circulate in the blood of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and limit tumor progression. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004579. [PMID: 35863820 PMCID: PMC9310256 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than 50% of all patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop liver metastases (CLM), a clinical condition characterized by poor prognosis and lack of reliable prognostic markers. Vδ1 cells are a subset of tissue-resident gamma delta (γδ) T lymphocytes endowed with a broad array of antitumor functions and showing a natural high tropism for the liver. However, little is known about their impact in the clinical outcomes of CLM. Methods We isolated human γδ T cells from peripheral blood (PB) and peritumoral (PT) tissue of 93 patients undergone surgical procedures to remove CLM. The phenotype of freshly purified γδ T cells was assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry, the transcriptional profiles by single cell RNA-sequencing, the functional annotations by Gene Ontology enrichment analyses and the clonotype by γδ T cell receptor (TCR)-sequencing. Results The microenvironment of CLM is characterized by a heterogeneous immune infiltrate comprising different subsets of γδ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) able to egress the liver and re-circulate in PB. Vδ1 T cells represent the largest population of γδ TILs within the PT compartment of CLM that is greatly enriched in Vδ1 T effector (TEF) cells expressing constitutive high levels of CD69. These Vδ1 CD69+ TILs express a distinct phenotype and transcriptional signature, show high antitumor potential and correlate with better patient clinical outcomes in terms of lower numbers of liver metastatic lesions and longer overall survival (OS). Moreover, intrahepatic CD69+ Vδ1 TILs can egress CLM tissue to re-circulate in PB, where they retain a phenotype, transcriptional signature and TCR clonal repertoires resembling their liver origin. Importantly, even the increased frequencies of the CD69+ terminally differentiated (TEMRA) Vδ1 cells in PB of patients with CLM significantly correlate with longer OS. The positive prognostic score of high frequencies of CD69+ TEMRA Vδ1 cells in PB is independent from the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens administered to patients with CLM prior surgery. Conclusions The enrichment of tissue-resident CD69+ Vδ1 TEMRA cells re-circulating at high frequencies in PB of patients with CLM limits tumor progression and represents a new important clinical tool to either predict the natural history of CLM or develop alternative therapeutic protocols of cellular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bruni
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Maria Cimino
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Donadon
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Science, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Carriero
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Terzoli
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Sarina Ravens
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Systems Immunology, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Cazzetta
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzano
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Biomedical Technologie, CNR Milan, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Soldani
- Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Franceschini
- Hepatobiliary Immunopathology Laboratory, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Guido Torzilli
- Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy .,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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18
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Liu Y, Tang W, Ao J, Zhang J, Feng L. Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals the effect of Bisphenol F (BPF) exposure on intestinal inflammation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151644. [PMID: 34774955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a viable alternative to Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol F (BPF) has been detected in humans at comparable concentrations and detection frequencies. Emerging evidence reveals that BPF induces intestinal toxicity. However, less information is available concerning BPF and its potential effects on intestinal inflammation, which has been associated with numerous disorders. The results from the present study showed that BPF exposure triggered lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced explosion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17A (IL-17A), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier by downregulating the expression of tight junction proteins Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1 (CLDN1) in normal colonic epithelial cells (NCM460). A multi-omics analysis integrating the transcriptomics with metabolomics revealed an altered transcripts and metabolites profile following BPF exposure. Correlation analysis indicated that RAS Guanyl Releasing Protein 2 (RASGRP2) and Phospholipase A2 Group IVE (PLA2G4E) were positively associated with the increased serotonin which was positively associated with the stimulated IFN-γ in BPF-treated NCM460 cells. Pyrogallol, pyridoxine, and N-acetylputrescine were positively associated with IL-17A levels. Collectively, the integrative analyses demonstrated an orchestrated coordination between the inflammatory response, transcriptomic, and metabolomics changes. Data presented herein provide evidence for the possible roles of BPF in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation. These results illustrate the advantages of using integrative analyses of high throughput datasets for characterizing the effects and mechanisms of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Ao
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Feng
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Institute of Early Life Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA.
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19
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Skin immunity: dissecting the complex biology of our body's outer barrier. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:551-561. [PMID: 35361906 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Our skin contributes critically to health via its role as a barrier tissue, carefully regulating passage of key substrates while also providing defense against exogenous threats. Immunological processes are integral to almost every skin function and paramount to our ability to live symbiotically with skin commensal microbes and other environmental stimuli. While many parallels can be drawn to immunobiology at other mucosal sites, skin immunity demonstrates unique features that relate to its distinct topography, chemical composition and microbial ecology. Here we provide an overview of skin as an immune organ, with reference to the broader context of mucosal immunology. We review paradigms of innate as well as adaptive immune function and highlight how skin-specific structures such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands interact and contribute to these processes. Finally, we highlight for the mucosal immunology community a few emerging areas of interest for the skin immunity field moving forward.
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20
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Matute JD, Finander B, Pepin D, Ai X, Smith NP, Li JZ, Edlow AG, Villani AC, Lerou PH, Kalish BT. Single-cell immunophenotyping of the fetal immune response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in late gestation. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1090-1098. [PMID: 34750520 PMCID: PMC8573077 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, thousands of pregnant women have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The implications of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on fetal and childhood well-being need to be characterized. We aimed to characterize the fetal immune response to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing and T cell receptor sequencing on cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from newborns of mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the third trimester (cases) or without SARS-CoV-2 infection (controls). RESULTS We identified widespread gene expression changes in CBMCs from cases, including upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes and major histocompatibility complex genes in CD14+ monocytes, transcriptional changes suggestive of activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and activation and exhaustion of natural killer cells. Lastly, we observed fetal T cell clonal expansion in cases compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS As none of the infants were infected with SARS-CoV-2, our results suggest that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection might modulate the fetal immune system in the absence of vertical transmission. IMPACT The implications of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the absence of vertical transmission on fetal and childhood well-being are poorly understood. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection might modulate the fetal immune system in the absence of vertical transmission. This study raises important questions about the untoward effects of maternal SARS-CoV-2 on the fetus, even in the absence of vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Matute
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Benjamin Finander
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Pepin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingbin Ai
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Z Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul H Lerou
- Division of Neonatology and Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian T Kalish
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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21
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CD161 expression defines new human γδ T cell subsets. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2022; 19:11. [PMID: 35193613 PMCID: PMC8862246 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstractγδ T cells are a highly versatile immune lineage involved in host defense and homeostasis, but questions remain around their heterogeneity, precise function and role during health and disease. We used multi−parametric flow cytometry, dimensionality reduction, unsupervised clustering, and self-organizing maps (SOM) to identify novel γδ T cell naïve/memory subsets chiefly defined by CD161 expression levels, a surface membrane receptor that can be activating or suppressive. We used middle-to-old age individuals given immune blockade is commonly used in this population. Whilst most Vδ1+subset cells exhibited a terminal differentiation phenotype, Vδ1− subset cells showed an early memory phenotype. Dimensionality reduction revealed eight γδ T cell clusters chiefly diverging through CD161 expression with CD4 and CD8 expression limited to specific subpopulations. Comparison of matched healthy elderly individuals to bronchiectasis patients revealed elevated Vδ1+ terminally differentiated effector memory cells in patients potentially linking this population with chronic proinflammatory disease.
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22
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Toothaker JM, Olaloye O, McCourt BT, McCourt CC, Silva TN, Case RM, Liu P, Yimlamai D, Tseng G, Konnikova L. Immune landscape of human placental villi using single-cell analysis. Development 2022; 149:274057. [PMID: 35050308 PMCID: PMC8935213 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of a healthy pregnancy is reliant on a successful balance between the fetal and maternal immune systems. Although the maternal mechanisms responsible have been well studied, those used by the fetal immune system remain poorly understood. Using suspension mass cytometry and various imaging modalities, we report a complex immune system within the mid-gestation (17-23 weeks) human placental villi (PV). Consistent with recent reports in other fetal organs, T cells with memory phenotypes, although rare in abundance, were detected within the PV tissue and vasculature. Moreover, we determined that T cells isolated from PV samples may be more proliferative after T cell receptor stimulation than adult T cells at baseline. Collectively, we identified multiple subtypes of fetal immune cells within the PV and specifically highlight the enhanced proliferative capacity of fetal PV T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Toothaker
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Blake T. McCourt
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Collin C. McCourt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Tatiana N. Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Case
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - George Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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23
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Braud VM, Meghraoui-Kheddar A, Elaldi R, Petti L, Germain C, Anjuère F. LLT1-CD161 Interaction in Cancer: Promises and Challenges. Front Immunol 2022; 13:847576. [PMID: 35185935 PMCID: PMC8854185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.847576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer has changed our way of thinking, promoting the design of future cancer treatments that places the immune system at the center stage. The knowledge gained on immune regulation and tolerance helped the identification of promising new clinical immune targets. Among them, the lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1) is the ligand of CD161 (NKR-P1A) receptor expressed on natural killer cells and T cells. LLT1/CD161 interaction modulates immune responses but the exact nature of the signals delivered is still partially resolved. Investigation on the role of LLT1/CD161 interaction has been hampered by the lack of functional homologues in animal models. Also, some studies have been misled by the use of non-specific reagents. Recent studies and meta-analyses of single cell data are bringing new insights into the function of LLT1 and CD161 in human pathology and notably in cancer. The advances made on the characterization of the tumor microenvironment prompt us to integrate LLT1/CD161 interaction into the equation. This review recapitulates the key findings on the expression profile of LLT1 and CD161, their regulation, the role of their interaction in cancer development, and the relevance of targeting LLT1/CD161 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique M. Braud
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
- *Correspondence: Veronique M. Braud,
| | - Aïda Meghraoui-Kheddar
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Roxane Elaldi
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | - Luciana Petti
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Fabienne Anjuère
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
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24
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Duurland CL, Santegoets SJ, Abdulrahman Z, Loof NM, Sturm G, Wesselink TH, Arens R, Boekestijn S, Ehsan I, van Poelgeest MIE, Finotello F, Hackl H, Trajanoski Z, Ten Dijke P, Braud VM, Welters MJP, van der Burg SH. CD161 expression and regulation defines rapidly responding effector CD4+ T cells associated with improved survival in HPV16-associated tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e003995. [PMID: 35039463 PMCID: PMC8765066 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of killer cell lectin-like receptor B1 (KLRB1), the gene encoding the cell surface molecule CD161, is associated with favorable prognosis in many cancers. CD161 is expressed by several lymphocyte populations, but its role and regulation on tumor-specific CD4+ T cells is unknown. METHODS We examined the clinical impact of CD4+CD161+ T cells in human papillomavirus (HPV)16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), analyzed their contribution in a cohort of therapeutically vaccinated patients and used HPV16-specific CD4+CD161+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and T cell clones for in-depth mechanistic studies. RESULTS Central and effector memory CD4+ T cells express CD161, but only CD4+CD161+ effector memory T cells (Tem) are associated with improved survival in OPSCC. Therapeutic vaccination activates and expands type 1 cytokine-producing CD4+CD161+ effector T cells. The expression of CD161 is dynamic and follows a pattern opposite of the checkpoint molecules PD1 and CD39. CD161 did not function as an immune checkpoint molecule as demonstrated using multiple experimental approaches using antibodies to block CD161 and gene editing to knockout CD161 expression. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed KLRB1 expression in many T cell clusters suggesting differences in their activation. Indeed, CD4+CD161+ effector cells specifically expressed the transcriptional transactivator SOX4, known to enhance T cell receptor (TCR) signaling via CD3ε. Consistent with this observation, CD4+CD161+ cells respond more vigorously to limiting amounts of cognate antigen in presence of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 compared to their CD161- counterparts. The expression of CD161/KLRB1 and SOX4 was downregulated upon TCR stimulation and this effect was boosted by transforming growth factor (TGF)β1. CONCLUSION High levels of CD4+CD161+ Tem are associated with improved survival and our data show that CD161 is dynamically regulated by cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors. CD161 expressing CD4+ T cells rapidly respond to suboptimal antigen stimulation suggesting that CD161, similar to SOX4, is involved in the amplification of TCR signals in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal L Duurland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia J Santegoets
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ziena Abdulrahman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki M Loof
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregor Sturm
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tom H Wesselink
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Boekestijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ilina Ehsan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Francesca Finotello
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Digital Science Center (DiSC), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Biocenter, Institute of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique M Braud
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Côte d'Azur, UMR7275, 06560 Valbonne, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marij J P Welters
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Feyaerts D, Urbschat C, Gaudillière B, Stelzer IA. Establishment of tissue-resident immune populations in the fetus. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:747-766. [PMID: 35508672 PMCID: PMC9067556 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system establishes during the prenatal period from distinct waves of stem and progenitor cells and continuously adapts to the needs and challenges of early postnatal and adult life. Fetal immune development not only lays the foundation for postnatal immunity but establishes functional populations of tissue-resident immune cells that are instrumental for fetal immune responses amidst organ growth and maturation. This review aims to discuss current knowledge about the development and function of tissue-resident immune populations during fetal life, focusing on the brain, lung, and gastrointestinal tract as sites with distinct developmental trajectories. While recent progress using system-level approaches has shed light on the fetal immune landscape, further work is required to describe precise roles of prenatal immune populations and their migration and adaptation to respective organ environments. Defining points of prenatal susceptibility to environmental challenges will support the search for potential therapeutic targets to positively impact postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Feyaerts
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Christopher Urbschat
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brice Gaudillière
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - Ina A. Stelzer
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA USA
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26
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Wu Z, Wang M, Liang G, Jin P, Wang P, Xu Y, Qian Y, Jiang X, Qian J, Dong M. Pro-Inflammatory Signature in Decidua of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Regardless of Embryonic Chromosomal Abnormalities. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772729. [PMID: 34956198 PMCID: PMC8694032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), especially the unexplained RPL, is associated with the disruption of maternal immune tolerance. However, little is known about the immune status at the decidua of RPL with embryonic chromosomal aberrations. Herein, mass cytometry (CyTOF) was used to interrogate the immune atlas at the decidua which was obtained from 15 RPL women-six with normal chromosome and nine with chromosomal aberrations-and five controls. The total frequency of CCR2-CD11chigh macrophages increased, while CD39high NK cells and CCR2-CD11clow macrophages decrease significantly in RPL when RPLs were stratified, compared with controls. Pro-inflammatory subsets of CD11chigh macrophages increased, while less pro-inflammatory or suppressive subsets decreased statistically in RPL decidua whenever RPLs were stratified or not. However, CD11chigh NK and CD161highCD8+ T cells increased only in RPL with normal chromosome, while the inactivated and naive CD8+/CD4+ T cells were enriched only in RPL with chromosomal aberrations. A pro-inflammatory signature is observed in RPL decidua; however, differences exist between RPL with and without chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigui Wu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanmian Liang
- Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuxiu Jiang
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Qian
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Le BL, Sper R, Nielsen SCA, Pineda S, Nguyen QH, Lee JY, Boyd SD, MacKenzie TC, Sirota M. Maternal and Infant Immune Repertoire Sequencing Analysis Identifies Distinct Ig and TCR Development in Term and Preterm Infants. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2445-2455. [PMID: 34654689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labor (PTL) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Whereas many studies have investigated the maternal immune responses that cause PTL, fetal immune cell activation has recently been raised as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of PTL. In this study, we analyzed lymphocyte receptor repertoires in maternal and cord blood from 14 term and 10 preterm deliveries, hypothesizing that the high prevalence of infection in patients with PTL may result in specific changes in the T cell and B cell repertoires. We analyzed TCR β-chain (TCR-β) and IgH diversity, CDR3 lengths, clonal sharing, and preferential usage of variable and joining gene segments. Both TCR-β and IgH repertoires had shorter CDR3s compared with those in maternal blood. In cord blood samples, we found that CDR3 lengths correlated with gestational age, with shorter CDR3s in preterm neonates suggesting a less developed repertoire. Preterm cord blood displayed preferential usage of a number of genes. In preterm pregnancies, we observed significantly higher prevalence of convergent clones between mother/baby pairs than in term pregnancies. Together, our results suggest the repertoire of preterm infants displays a combination of immature features and convergence with maternal TCR-β clones compared with that of term infants. The higher clonal convergence in PTL could represent mother and fetus both responding to a shared stimulus like an infection. These data provide a detailed analysis of the maternal-fetal immune repertoire in term and preterm patients and contribute to a better understanding of neonate immune repertoire development and potential changes associated with PTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Le
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Renan Sper
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Silvia Pineda
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Quoc-Hung Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ji-Yeun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and
| | - Tippi C MacKenzie
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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28
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Peterson LS, Hedou J, Ganio EA, Stelzer IA, Feyaerts D, Harbert E, Adusumelli Y, Ando K, Tsai ES, Tsai AS, Han X, Ringle M, Houghteling P, Reiss JD, Lewis DB, Winn VD, Angst MS, Aghaeepour N, Stevenson DK, Gaudilliere B. Single-Cell Analysis of the Neonatal Immune System Across the Gestational Age Continuum. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714090. [PMID: 34497610 PMCID: PMC8420969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most causes of death and morbidity in premature infants are related to immune maladaptation, the premature immune system remains poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive single-cell depiction of the neonatal immune system at birth across the spectrum of viable gestational age (GA), ranging from 25 weeks to term. A mass cytometry immunoassay interrogated all major immune cell subsets, including signaling activity and responsiveness to stimulation. An elastic net model described the relationship between GA and immunome (R=0.85, p=8.75e-14), and unsupervised clustering highlighted previously unrecognized GA-dependent immune dynamics, including decreasing basal MAP-kinase/NFκB signaling in antigen presenting cells; increasing responsiveness of cytotoxic lymphocytes to interferon-α; and decreasing frequency of regulatory and invariant T cells, including NKT-like cells and CD8+CD161+ T cells. Knowledge gained from the analysis of the neonatal immune landscape across GA provides a mechanistic framework to understand the unique susceptibility of preterm infants to both hyper-inflammatory diseases and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Peterson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Julien Hedou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Edward A Ganio
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ina A Stelzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eliza Harbert
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yamini Adusumelli
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kazuo Ando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Eileen S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Amy S Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Megan Ringle
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Pearl Houghteling
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan D Reiss
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David B Lewis
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Virginia D Winn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Martin S Angst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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29
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Wyrożemski Ł, Qiao SW. Immunobiology and conflicting roles of the human CD161 receptor in T cells. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13090. [PMID: 35611672 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human C-type lectin-like CD161 is a type-II transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of various lymphocytes across innate and adaptive immune systems. CD161+ T cells displayed enhanced ability to produce cytokines and were shown to be enriched in the gut. Independently of function, CD161 was used as marker of innate-like T cells and marker of IL-17-producing cells. The function of CD161 is still not fully understood. In T cells, CD161 was proposed to act as co-signalling receptor that influence T-cell receptor-dependent responses. However, conflicting studies were published demonstrating lack of agreement over the role of CD161 during T-cell activation. In this review, we outline phenotypical and functional consequences of CD161 expression in T cells. We provide critical discussion over the most pressing issues including in depth evaluation of the literature concerning CD161 putative co-signalling properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wyrożemski
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Dong M, Mallet Gauthier È, Fournier M, Melichar HJ. Developing the right tools for the job: Lin28 regulation of early life T-cell development and function. FEBS J 2021; 289:4416-4429. [PMID: 34077615 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells comprise a functionally heterogeneous cell population that has important roles in the immune system. While T cells are broadly considered to be a component of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response, certain T-cell subsets display innate-like effector characteristics whereas others perform immunosuppressive functions. These functionally diverse T-cell populations preferentially arise at different stages of ontogeny and are tailored to the immunological priorities of the organism over time. Many differences in early life versus adult T-cell phenotypes can be attributed to the cell-intrinsic properties of the distinct progenitors that seed the thymus throughout development. It is becoming clear that Lin28, an evolutionarily conserved, heterochronic RNA-binding protein that is differentially expressed among early life and adult hematopoietic progenitor cells, plays a substantial role in influencing early T-cell development and function. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which Lin28 shapes the T-cell landscape to protect the developing fetus and newborn. Manipulation of the Lin28 gene regulatory network is being considered as one means of improving hematopoietic stem cell transplant outcomes; as such, understanding the impact of Lin28 on T-cell function is of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Dong
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ève Mallet Gauthier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marilaine Fournier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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31
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Mishra A, Lai GC, Yao LJ, Aung TT, Shental N, Rotter-Maskowitz A, Shepherdson E, Singh GSN, Pai R, Shanti A, Wong RMM, Lee A, Khyriem C, Dutertre CA, Chakarov S, Srinivasan KG, Shadan NB, Zhang XM, Khalilnezhad S, Cottier F, Tan ASM, Low G, Chen P, Fan Y, Hor PX, Lee AKM, Choolani M, Vermijlen D, Sharma A, Fuks G, Straussman R, Pavelka N, Malleret B, McGovern N, Albani S, Chan JKY, Ginhoux F. Microbial exposure during early human development primes fetal immune cells. Cell 2021; 184:3394-3409.e20. [PMID: 34077752 PMCID: PMC8240556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human fetal immune system begins to develop early during gestation; however, factors responsible for fetal immune-priming remain elusive. We explored potential exposure to microbial agents in utero and their contribution toward activation of memory T cells in fetal tissues. We profiled microbes across fetal organs using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and detected low but consistent microbial signal in fetal gut, skin, placenta, and lungs in the 2nd trimester of gestation. We identified several live bacterial strains including Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus in fetal tissues, which induced in vitro activation of memory T cells in fetal mesenteric lymph node, supporting the role of microbial exposure in fetal immune-priming. Finally, using SEM and RNA-ISH, we visualized discrete localization of bacteria-like structures and eubacterial-RNA within 14th weeks fetal gut lumen. These findings indicate selective presence of live microbes in fetal organs during the 2nd trimester of gestation and have broader implications toward the establishment of immune competency and priming before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Mishra
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ghee Chuan Lai
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Leong Jing Yao
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 8, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Thet Tun Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Noam Shental
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Open University of Israel, Ra'anana 4353701, Israel
| | - Aviva Rotter-Maskowitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edwin Shepherdson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Gurmit Singh Naranjan Singh
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rhea Pai
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A(∗)STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Adhika Shanti
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Regina Men Men Wong
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A(∗)STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Andrea Lee
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 8, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Costerwell Khyriem
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Charles Antoine Dutertre
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 8, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - K G Srinivasan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Nurhidaya Binte Shadan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shabnam Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Fabien Cottier
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Alrina Shin Min Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Gillian Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Phyllis Chen
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 8, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Avery Khoo May Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Mahesh Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singpore
| | - David Vermijlen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A(∗)STAR, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, PO Box 7214, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Garold Fuks
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Norman Pavelka
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Benoit Malleret
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Naomi McGovern
- Department of Pathology and Centre for Trophoblast Research, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 8, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; OBGYN-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 119077, Singapore.
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A(∗)STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos Building, Level 4, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Translational Immunology Institute, Singhealth/Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, the Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 8, Singapore 169856, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
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32
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Lynch SV, Vercelli D. Microbiota, Epigenetics, and Trained Immunity. Convergent Drivers and Mediators of the Asthma Trajectory from Pregnancy to Childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:802-808. [PMID: 33493428 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202010-3779pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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33
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Semmes EC, Chen JL, Goswami R, Burt TD, Permar SR, Fouda GG. Understanding Early-Life Adaptive Immunity to Guide Interventions for Pediatric Health. Front Immunol 2021; 11:595297. [PMID: 33552052 PMCID: PMC7858666 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants are capable of mounting adaptive immune responses, but their ability to develop long-lasting immunity is limited. Understanding the particularities of the neonatal adaptive immune system is therefore critical to guide the design of immune-based interventions, including vaccines, in early life. In this review, we present a thorough summary of T cell, B cell, and humoral immunity in early life and discuss infant adaptive immune responses to pathogens and vaccines. We focus on the differences between T and B cell responses in early life and adulthood, which hinder the generation of long-lasting adaptive immune responses in infancy. We discuss how knowledge of early life adaptive immunity can be applied when developing vaccine strategies for this unique period of immune development. In particular, we emphasize the use of novel vaccine adjuvants and optimization of infant vaccine schedules. We also propose integrating maternal and infant immunization strategies to ensure optimal neonatal protection through passive maternal antibody transfer while avoiding hindering infant vaccine responses. Our review highlights that the infant adaptive immune system is functionally distinct and uniquely regulated compared to later life and that these particularities should be considered when designing interventions to promote pediatric health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor C. Semmes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jui-Lin Chen
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ria Goswami
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Trevor D. Burt
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Genevieve G. Fouda
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Children’s Health and Discovery Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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34
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Chen H, Li M, Guo Y, Zhong Y, He Z, Xu Y, Zou J. Immune response in glioma's microenvironment. Innov Surg Sci 2021; 5:20190001. [PMID: 33511267 PMCID: PMC7810204 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system. In this review, we outline the immunobiological factors that interact with glioma cells and tumor microenvironment (TME), providing more potential targets for clinical inhibition of glioma development and more directions for glioma treatment. Content Recent studies have shown that glioma cells secrete a variety of immune regulatory factors and interact with immune cells such as microglial cells, peripheral macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T lymphocytes in the TME. In particular, microglia plays a key role in promoting glioma growth. Infiltrating immune cells induce local production of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Further leads to immune escape of malignant gliomas. Summary and Outlook The complex interaction of tumor cells with the TME has largely contributed to tumor heterogeneity and poor prognosis. We review the immunobiological factors, immune cells and current immunotherapy of gliomas, provide experimental evidence for future research and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houminji Chen
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provical People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanwu Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Zhong
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi He
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Zou
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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35
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Wyrożemski Ł, Sollid LM, Qiao SW. C-type lectin-like CD161 is not a co-signalling receptor in gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells. Scand J Immunol 2021; 93:e13016. [PMID: 33368526 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin-like CD161, a class II transmembrane protein, is a surface receptor expressed by NK cells and T cells. In coeliac disease, CD161 was expressed more frequently on gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells compared to other memory CD4 + T cells isolated from the same tissue compartment. CD161 is a putative co-signalling molecule that was proposed to act as co-stimulatory receptor in the context of signalling through TCR, but contradicting results were published. In order to understand the role of CD161 in gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells, we combined T cell stimulation assays or T cell proliferation assays with ligation of CD161 and intracellular cytokine staining. We found that CD161 ligation provided neither co-stimulatory nor co-inhibitory signals to modulate proliferation and IFN-γ or IL-21 production by gluten-reactive CD4 + T cell clones. Thus, we suggest that CD161 does not function as a co-signalling receptor in the context of gluten-reactive CD4 + T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wyrożemski
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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36
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Bunis DG, Bronevetsky Y, Krow-Lucal E, Bhakta NR, Kim CC, Nerella S, Jones N, Mendoza VF, Bryson YJ, Gern JE, Rutishauser RL, Ye CJ, Sirota M, McCune JM, Burt TD. Single-Cell Mapping of Progressive Fetal-to-Adult Transition in Human Naive T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108573. [PMID: 33406429 PMCID: PMC10263444 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the human fetal immune system is poised to generate immune tolerance and suppress inflammation in utero, an adult-like immune system emerges to orchestrate anti-pathogen immune responses in post-natal life. It has been posited that cells of the adult immune system arise as a discrete ontological "layer" of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their progeny; evidence supporting this model in humans has, however, been inconclusive. Here, we combine bulk and single-cell transcriptional profiling of lymphoid cells, myeloid cells, and HSPCs from fetal, perinatal, and adult developmental stages to demonstrate that the fetal-to-adult transition occurs progressively along a continuum of maturity-with a substantial degree of inter-individual variation at the time of birth-rather than via a transition between discrete waves. These findings have important implications for the design of strategies for prophylaxis against infection in the newborn and for the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Bunis
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yelena Bronevetsky
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Krow-Lucal
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles C Kim
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srilaxmi Nerella
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norman Jones
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ventura F Mendoza
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne J Bryson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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37
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Sheller-Miller S, Radnaa E, Yoo JK, Kim E, Choi K, Kim Y, Kim YN, Richardson L, Choi C, Menon R. Exosomal delivery of NF-κB inhibitor delays LPS-induced preterm birth and modulates fetal immune cell profile in mouse models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd3865. [PMID: 33523942 PMCID: PMC10671068 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of immune cells and activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in feto-maternal uterine tissues is a key feature of preterm birth (PTB) pathophysiology. Reduction of the fetal inflammatory response and NF-κB activation are key strategies to minimize infection-associated PTB. Therefore, we engineered extracellular vesicles (exosomes) to contain an NF-κB inhibitor, termed super-repressor (SR) IκBα. Treatment with SR exosomes (1 × 1010 per intraperitoneal injection) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on gestation day 15 (E15) prolonged gestation by over 24 hours (PTB ≤ E18.5) and reduced maternal inflammation (n ≥ 4). Furthermore, using a transgenic model in which fetal tissues express the red fluorescent protein tdTomato while maternal tissues do not, we report that LPS-induced PTB in mice is associated with influx of fetal innate immune cells, not maternal, into feto-maternal uterine tissues. SR packaged in exosomes provides a stable and specific intervention for reducing the inflammatory response associated with PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sheller-Miller
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Eunsoo Kim
- ILIAS Biologics, Incorporated, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Youngeun Kim
- ILIAS Biologics, Incorporated, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu Na Kim
- ILIAS Biologics, Incorporated, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Lauren Richardson
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Biologics, Incorporated, Daejeon, South Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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38
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Schreurs RRCE, Sagebiel AF, Steinert FL, Highton AJ, Klarenbeek PL, Drewniak A, Bakx R, The SML, Ribeiro CMS, Perez D, Reinshagen K, Geijtenbeek TBH, van Goudoever JB, Bunders MJ. Intestinal CD8 + T cell responses are abundantly induced early in human development but show impaired cytotoxic effector capacities. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:605-614. [PMID: 33772147 PMCID: PMC8075922 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal viral infections are a major global cause of disease and mortality in infants. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are critical to achieve viral control. However, studies investigating the development of CD8+ T cell immunity in human tissues early in life are lacking. Here, we investigated the maturation of the CD8+ T cell compartment in human fetal, infant and adult intestinal tissues. CD8+ T cells exhibiting a memory phenotype were already detected in fetal intestines and increased after birth. Infant intestines preferentially harbored effector CCR7-CD45RA-CD127-KLRG1+/- CD8+ T cells compared to tissue-resident memory CD69+CD103+CD8+ T cells detected in adults. Functional cytotoxic capacity, including cytokine and granzyme B production of infant intestinal effector CD8+ T cells was, however, markedly reduced compared to adult intestinal CD8+ T cells. This was in line with the high expression of the inhibitory molecule PD-1 by infant intestinal effector CD8+ T cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that intestinal CD8+ T cell responses are induced early in human development, however exhibit a reduced functionality. The impaired CD8+ T cell functionality early in life contributes to tolerance during foreign antigen exposure after birth, however functions as an immune correlate for the increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal viral infections in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. C. E. Schreurs
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. F. Sagebiel
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. L. Steinert
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. J. Highton
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. L. Klarenbeek
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Drewniak
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.467476.00000 0004 0483 1848Kiadis Pharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Bakx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Center of Amsterdam, AUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. M. L. The
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Center of Amsterdam, AUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. M. S. Ribeiro
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Perez
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Reinshagen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Pediatric Surgery, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. B. H. Geijtenbeek
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. B. van Goudoever
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. Bunders
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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39
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Ran Y, Yin N, Huang D, Zhao Y, Yang J, Zhang H, Qi H. Identification and Characterization of Circular RNA as a Novel Regulator and Biomarker in Preterm Birth. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:566984. [PMID: 33392159 PMCID: PMC7775733 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.566984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), as the leading cause of neonatal death, is a severe threat to maternal–fetal health. The diagnosis and treatment of PTB are difficult as its underlying mechanism still unknown. Circular RNA (circRNA) is an emerging molecule that plays an essential role in the pathological processes of various diseases. However, it is still unclear whether circRNAs are abnormal or involves in the PTB pathology. In this study, we analyzed RNA-seq data of peripheral blood from preterm and term pregnant women and verified with microarray data. There were 211 circRNA expression disorders in PTB, of which 68 increased and 143 decreased. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the top 20 circRNAs competitively bind 68 miRNAs, thereby regulating 622 mRNAs mainly related to immunity, inflammation, and nerve activity, which may ultimately contribute to the occurrence of PTB. Moreover, 6 regulatory pairs, including hsa-MORC3_0001–hsa-miR-1248–CHRM2 were the core parts of this mechanism network, which might be therapeutic targets for PTB. Besides, ROC analysis indicated that hsa-ANKFY1_0025, hsa-FAM13B_0019, and hsa-NUSAP1_0010 (AUC = 0.7138, 0.9589, 1.000) have an excellent discrimination ability for PTB. Taken together, we explored for the first time the circRNA expression profile of PTB, and preliminarily analyzed its regulatory mechanism and predictive value for PTB, thus bringing new light to the diagnosis and treatment of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ran
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanlin Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongni Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangyu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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40
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Li Y, Toothaker JM, Ben-Simon S, Ozeri L, Schweitzer R, McCourt BT, McCourt CC, Werner L, Snapper SB, Shouval DS, Khatib S, Koren O, Agnihorti S, Tseng G, Konnikova L. In utero human intestine harbors unique metabolome, including bacterial metabolites. JCI Insight 2020; 5:138751. [PMID: 33001863 PMCID: PMC7710283 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.138751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic microbial colonization through the establishment of the intestinal microbiome is critical to many intestinal functions, including nutrient metabolism, intestinal barrier integrity, and immune regulation. Recent studies suggest that education of intestinal immunity may be ongoing in utero. However, the drivers of this process are unknown. The microbiome and its byproducts are one potential source. Whether a fetal intestinal microbiome exists is controversial, and whether microbially derived metabolites are present in utero is unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether bacterial DNA and microbially derived metabolites can be detected in second trimester human intestinal samples. Although we were unable to amplify bacterial DNA from fetal intestines, we report a fetal metabolomic intestinal profile with an abundance of bacterially derived and host-derived metabolites commonly produced in response to microbiota. Though we did not directly assess their source and function, we hypothesize that these microbial-associated metabolites either come from the maternal microbiome and are vertically transmitted to the fetus to prime the fetal immune system and prepare the gastrointestinal tract for postnatal microbial encounters or are produced locally by bacteria that were below our detection threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica M. Toothaker
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shira Ben-Simon
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Lital Ozeri
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Ron Schweitzer
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Blake T. McCourt
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Collin C. McCourt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lael Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dror S. Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
- Department of Natural Compounds and Analytical Chemistry, Migal Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | | | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Reproductive Sciences and
- Program in Human and Translational Immunology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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41
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Dhariwala MO, Karthikeyan D, Vasquez KS, Farhat S, Weckel A, Taravati K, Leitner EG, Clancy S, Pauli M, Piper ML, Cohen JN, Ashouri JF, Lowe MM, Rosenblum MD, Scharschmidt TC. Developing Human Skin Contains Lymphocytes Demonstrating a Memory Signature. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100132. [PMID: 33294857 PMCID: PMC7691438 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes in barrier tissues play critical roles in host defense and homeostasis. These cells take up residence in tissues during defined developmental windows, when they may demonstrate distinct phenotypes and functions. Here, we utilized mass and flow cytometry to elucidate early features of human skin immunity. Although most conventional αβ T (Tconv) cells in fetal skin have a naive, proliferative phenotype, a subset of CD4+ Tconv and CD8+ cells demonstrate memory-like features and a propensity for interferon (IFN)γ production. Skin regulatory T cells dynamically accumulate over the second trimester in temporal and regional association with hair follicle development. These fetal skin regulatory T cells (Tregs) demonstrate an effector memory phenotype while differing from their adult counterparts in expression of key effector molecules. Thus, we identify features of prenatal skin lymphocytes that may have key implications for understanding antigen and allergen encounters in utero and in infancy. CyTOF reveals a complex lymphocyte landscape in developing human skin Developing skin contains CD45RO+ conventional T cells with propensity to produce IFNγ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in skin before birth display effector memory properties Skin Tregs increase in conjunction with initial hair follicle morphogenesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Miqdad O Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dhuvarakesh Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kimberly S Vasquez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sepideh Farhat
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Keyon Taravati
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Leitner
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sean Clancy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mariela Pauli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Merisa L Piper
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Judith F Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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42
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Abstract
The human body supports a thriving diversity of microbes which comprise a dynamic, ancillary, functional system that synergistically develops in lock-step with physiological development of its host. The human microbiome field has transitioned from cataloging this rich diversity to dissecting molecular mechanisms by which microbiomes influence human health. Early life microbiome development trains immune function. Thus, vertically, horizontally, and environmentally acquired microbes and their metabolites have the potential to shape developmental trajectories with life-long implications for health.
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43
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Maternal and fetal T cells in term pregnancy and preterm labor. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:693-704. [PMID: 32467619 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a state of immunological balance during which the mother and the developing fetus must tolerate each other while maintaining sufficient immunocompetence to ward off potential threats. The site of closest contact between the mother and fetus is the decidua, which represents the maternal-fetal interface. Many of the immune cell subsets present at the maternal-fetal interface have been well described; however, the importance of the maternal T cells in this compartment during late gestation and its complications, such as preterm labor and birth, has only recently been established. Moreover, pioneer and recent studies have indicated that fetal T cells are activated in different subsets of preterm labor and may elicit distinct inflammatory responses in the amniotic cavity, leading to preterm birth. In this review, we describe the established and proposed roles for maternal T cells at the maternal-fetal interface in normal term parturition, as well as the demonstrated contributions of such cells to the pathological process of preterm labor and birth. We also summarize the current knowledge of and proposed roles for fetal T cells in the pathophysiology of the preterm labor syndrome. It is our hope that this review provides a solid conceptual framework highlighting the importance of maternal and fetal T cells in late gestation and catalyzes new research questions that can further scientific understanding of these cells and their role in preterm labor and birth, the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide.
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44
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Toothaker JM, Presicce P, Cappelletti M, Stras SF, McCourt CC, Chougnet CA, Kallapur SG, Konnikova L. Immune Cells in the Placental Villi Contribute to Intra-amniotic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:866. [PMID: 32528468 PMCID: PMC7256198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-amniotic (IA) inflammation is associated with significant morbidities for both the mother and the fetus. Prior studies have illustrated many of the effects of IA inflammation on the uterine lining (decidua) and membranous layers of the placenta at the fetal–maternal interface. However, much less is known about the immunological response occurring within the villous placenta. Using a rhesus macaque model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IA inflammation, we showed that pregnancy-matched choriodecidua and villi have distinct immunological profiles in rhesus pregnancies. In the choriodecidua, we show that the abundance of neutrophils, multiple populations of antigen-presenting cells, and two populations of natural killer (NK) cells changes with prenatal IA LPS exposure. In contrast, in immune cells within the villous placenta we observed alterations in the abundance of B cells, monocytes, and CD8 T cells. Prior work has illustrated that IA inflammation leads to an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) at the fetal–maternal interface. In this study, pretreatment with a TNFα blockade partially reversed inflammation in the placental villi. Furthermore, we report that immune cells in the villous placenta sensed LPS during our experimental window, and subsequently activated T cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, this study is the first report of memory T cells in third-trimester non-human primate placental villi and provides evidence that manipulation of immune cells in the villi at the fetal–maternal interface should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for IA inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Toothaker
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pietro Presicce
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Monica Cappelletti
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie F Stras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Collin C McCourt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Suhas G Kallapur
- Divisions of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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45
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Rackaityte E, Halkias J. Mechanisms of Fetal T Cell Tolerance and Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:588. [PMID: 32328065 PMCID: PMC7160249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The developing human fetus generates both tolerogenic and protective immune responses in response to the unique requirements of gestation. Thus, a successful human pregnancy depends on a fine balance between two opposing immunological forces: the semi-allogeneic fetus learns to tolerate both self- and maternal- antigens and, in parallel, develops protective immunity in preparation for birth. This critical window of immune development bridges prenatal immune tolerance with the need for postnatal environmental protection, resulting in a vulnerable neonatal period with heightened risk of infection. The fetal immune system is highly specialized to mediate this transition and thus serves a different function from that of the adult. Adaptive immune memory is already evident in the fetal intestine. Fetal T cells with pro-inflammatory potential are born in a tolerogenic environment and are tightly controlled by both cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms, suggesting that compartmentalization and specialization, rather than immaturity, define the fetal immune system. Dysregulation of fetal tolerance generates an inflammatory response with deleterious effects to the pregnancy. This review aims to discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular composition of fetal adaptive immunity and the mechanisms that govern T cell development and function. We also discuss the tolerance promoting environment that impacts fetal immunity and the consequences of its breakdown. A greater understanding of fetal mechanisms of immune activation and regulation has the potential to uncover novel paradigms of immune balance which may be leveraged to develop therapies for transplantation, autoimmune disease, and birth-associated inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elze Rackaityte
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Halkias
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Rackaityte E, Halkias J, Fukui EM, Mendoza VF, Hayzelden C, Crawford ED, Fujimura KE, Burt TD, Lynch SV. Viable bacterial colonization is highly limited in the human intestine in utero. Nat Med 2020; 26:599-607. [PMID: 32094926 PMCID: PMC8110246 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity develops in the human fetal intestine by 11-14 weeks of gestation, yet whether viable microbes exist in utero and interact with the intestinal immune system is unknown. Bacteria-like morphology was identified in pockets of human fetal meconium at mid-gestation by scanning electron microscopy (n = 4), and a sparse bacterial signal was detected by 16S rRNA sequencing (n = 40 of 50) compared to environmental controls (n = 87). Eighteen taxa were enriched in fetal meconium, with Micrococcaceae (n = 9) and Lactobacillus (n = 6) the most abundant. Fetal intestines dominated by Micrococcaceae exhibited distinct patterns of T cell composition and epithelial transcription. Fetal Micrococcus luteus, isolated only in the presence of monocytes, grew on placental hormones, remained viable within antigen presenting cells, limited inflammation ex vivo and possessed genomic features linked with survival in the fetus. Thus, viable bacteria are highly limited in the fetal intestine at mid-gestation, although strains with immunomodulatory capacity are detected in subsets of specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rackaityte
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Halkias
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E M Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - V F Mendoza
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Hayzelden
- College of Science and Engineering, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E D Crawford
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K E Fujimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T D Burt
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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47
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Intestinal microbes influence development of thymic lymphocytes in early life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:2570-2578. [PMID: 31964813 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915047117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus generates cells of the T cell lineage that seed the lymphatic and blood systems. Transcription factor regulatory networks control the lineage programming and maturation of thymic precursor cells. Whether extrathymic antigenic events, such as the microbial colonization of the mucosal tract also shape the thymic T cell repertoire is unclear. We show here that intestinal microbes influence the thymic homeostasis of PLZF-expressing cells in early life. Impaired thymic development of PLZF+ innate lymphocytes in germ-free (GF) neonatal mice is restored by colonization with a human commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, but not with a polysaccharide A (PSA) deficient isogenic strain. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells influenced by microbes migrate from the colon to the thymus in early life to regulate PLZF+ cell homeostasis. Importantly, perturbations in thymic PLZF+ cells brought about by alterations in early gut microbiota persist into adulthood and are associated with increased susceptibility to experimental colitis. Our studies identify a pathway of communication between intestinal microbes and thymic lymphocytes in the neonatal period that can modulate host susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases later in life.
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48
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Abstract
Neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have historically been characterized as immature or defective. However, recent studies prompt a reinterpretation of the functions of neonatal T cells. Rather than a population of cells always falling short of expectations set by their adult counterparts, neonatal T cells are gaining recognition as a distinct population of lymphocytes well suited for the rapidly changing environment in early life. In this review, I will highlight new evidence indicating that neonatal T cells are not inert or less potent versions of adult T cells but instead are a broadly reactive layer of T cells poised to quickly develop into regulatory or effector cells, depending on the needs of the host. In this way, neonatal T cells are well adapted to provide fast-acting immune protection against foreign pathogens, while also sustaining tolerance to self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
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Li N, van Unen V, Guo N, Abdelaal T, Somarakis A, Eggermont J, Mahfouz A, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM, Lelieveldt BPF, Koning F. Early-Life Compartmentalization of Immune Cells in Human Fetal Tissues Revealed by High-Dimensional Mass Cytometry. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1932. [PMID: 31474997 PMCID: PMC6703141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human fetal immune system must protect the infant against the sudden exposure to a large variety of pathogens upon birth. While it is known that the fetal immune system develops in sequential waves, relatively little is known about the composition of the innate and adaptive immune system in the tissues. Here, we applied high-dimensional mass cytometry to profile the immune system in human fetal liver, spleen, and intestine. With Hierarchical Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (HSNE) we distinguished 177 distinct immune cell clusters, including both previously identified and novel cell clusters. PCA analysis indicated substantial differences between the compositions of the immune system in the different organs. Through dual t-SNE we identified tissue-specific cell clusters, which were found both in the innate and adaptive compartment. To determine the spatial location of tissue-specific subsets we developed a 31-antibody panel to reveal both the immune compartment and surrounding stromal elements through analysis of snap-frozen tissue samples with imaging mass cytometry. Imaging mass cytometry reconstructed the tissue architecture and allowed both the characterization and determination of the location of the various immune cell clusters within the tissue context. Moreover, it further underpinned the distinctness of the immune system in the tissues. Thus, our results provide evidence for early compartmentalization of the adaptive and innate immune compartment in fetal spleen, liver, and intestine. Together, our data provide a unique and comprehensive overview of the composition and organization of the human fetal immune system in several tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nannan Guo
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tamim Abdelaal
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Antonios Somarakis
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Eggermont
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Boudewijn P F Lelieveldt
- Department of Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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