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Liu Y, Zhong D, He Y, Jiang J, Xie W, Tang Z, Qiu J, Luo J, Wang X. Photoresponsive Hydrogel-Coated Upconversion Cyanobacteria Nanocapsules for Myocardial Infarction Prevention and Treatment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202920. [PMID: 36045439 PMCID: PMC9596827 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common disease that seriously threatens human health. It is noteworthy that oxygen is one of the key factors in the regulation of MI pathology procession: the controllable hypoxic microenvironment can enhance the tolerance of cardiac myocytes (CMs) and oxygen therapy regulates the immune microenvironment to repair the myocardial injury. Thus, the development of an oxygen-controllable treatment is critically important to unify MI prevention and timely treatment. Here, a hydrogel encapsulated upconversion cyanobacterium nanocapsule for both MI prevention and treatment is successfully synthesized. The engineered cyanobacteria can consume oxygen via respiration to generate a hypoxic microenvironment, resulting in the upregulation of heat shock protein70 (HSP70), which can enhance the tolerance of CMs for MI. When necessary, under 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the system releases photosynthetic oxygen through upconversion luminescence (UCL) to inhibit macrophage M1 polarization, and downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), thereby repairing myocardial injury. To sum up, a photoresponsive upconversion cyanobacterium nanocapsule is developed, which can achieve MI prevention and treatment for only one injection via NIR-defined respiration and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
| | - Da Zhong
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Nanchang UniversityNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
| | - Yizhe He
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
| | - Junkai Jiang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
| | - Weichang Xie
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
| | - Zhibo Tang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
| | - Jianbin Qiu
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicinethe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- The National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the TechnologiesInstitute of Translational MedicineNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Nanchang UniversityNanchang UniversityNanchang330088China
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2
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Mishra S, Dunkerly-Eyring BL, Keceli G, Ranek MJ. Phosphorylation Modifications Regulating Cardiac Protein Quality Control Mechanisms. Front Physiol 2020; 11:593585. [PMID: 33281625 PMCID: PMC7689282 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.593585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many forms of cardiac disease, including heart failure, present with inadequate protein quality control (PQC). Pathological conditions often involve impaired removal of terminally misfolded proteins. This results in the formation of large protein aggregates, which further reduce cellular viability and cardiac function. Cardiomyocytes have an intricately collaborative PQC system to minimize cellular proteotoxicity. Increased expression of chaperones or enhanced clearance of misfolded proteins either by the proteasome or lysosome has been demonstrated to attenuate disease pathogenesis, whereas reduced PQC exacerbates pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that phosphorylation of key proteins has a potent regulatory role, both promoting and hindering the PQC machinery. This review highlights the recent advances in phosphorylations regulating PQC, the impact in cardiac pathology, and the therapeutic opportunities presented by harnessing these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brittany L Dunkerly-Eyring
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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3
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Lin X, Lin CH, Liu R, Li C, Jiao S, Yi X, Walker MJ, Xu XM, Zhao T, Huang PC, Sun G. Myricetin against myocardial injury in rat heat stroke model. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110194. [PMID: 32371315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat stroke-induced mortality is rising across the globe. So, the design of prophylactic and/or therapeutic modalities for heat stroke is pressing need. The common plant derived flavonoid exhibits strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its effects in heat stroke remain unknown. The study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of myricetin on heat stroke induced acute myocardial injury as well as lethality in rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Myocardial injury was induced by subjecting the anesthetized rats to a high ambient temperature of 43 °C for 70 min. An intragastrical dose of myricetin (5-25 mg/kg body weight) was given to rats once per day for one week prior to the start of heat stress. Heat shock protein 72 antibodies was given intraperitoneally to rats 24 h before the start of heat stress. Myocardial injury severity was estimated by determing myocardial damage scores, myocardial injury indicators, myocardial oxidative and inflammatory factors. Western blot analysis was used for cardiac expression of heat shock protein (HSP)72. RESULTS Significant (P < 0.05) up-regulation of HSP-72 after chronic administration of myricetin coincided with significant (P < 0.05) reduction in hyperthermia, hypotension, cardiac inflammatory and oxidative damage and lethality. Inhibition of HSP-72 showed a significant (P < 0.05) reversal in the cardiaprotection as well as survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that myricetin diminishes myocardial injury as well as lethality in heat stroke by up-regulating HSP-72 and show promise as a novel prevention therapeutic for heat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China; Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ruoxu Liu
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chenyi Li
- Institute of Military Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuxin Jiao
- Department of Neuroscience, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xueqing Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - M J Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman and Campbell Brain andSpine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery and Goodman and Campbell Brain andSpine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tingbao Zhao
- Department of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair, Trauma and Orthopedics Institute of Chinese PLA, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China
| | - Po-Chang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, The 960th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Shandong Province, China.
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4
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Raggi F, Cangelosi D, Becherini P, Blengio F, Morini M, Acquaviva M, Belli ML, Panizzon G, Cervo G, Varesio L, Eva A, Bosco MC. Transcriptome analysis defines myocardium gene signatures in children with ToF and ASD and reveals disease-specific molecular reprogramming in response to surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Transl Med 2020; 18:21. [PMID: 31924244 PMCID: PMC6954611 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and Atrial Septal Defects (ASD) are the most common types of congenital heart diseases and a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is used during corrective cardiac surgery to support circulation and heart stabilization. However, this procedure triggers systemic inflammatory and stress response and consequent increased risk of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to define the molecular bases of ToF and ASD pathogenesis and response to CPB and identify new potential biomarkers. METHODS Comparative transcriptome analysis of right atrium specimens collected from 10 ToF and 10 ASD patients was conducted before (Pre-CPB) and after (Post-CPB) corrective surgery. Total RNA isolated from each sample was individually hybridized on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus Array Strips containing 38,500 unique human genes. Differences in the gene expression profiles and functional enrichment/network analyses were assessed using bioinformatic tools. qRT-PCR analysis was used to validate gene modulation. RESULTS Pre-CPB samples showed significant differential expression of a total of 72 genes, 28 of which were overexpressed in ToF and 44 in ASD. According to Gene Ontology annotation, the mostly enriched biological processes were represented by matrix organization and cell adhesion in ToF and by muscle development and contractility in ASD specimens. GSEA highlighted the specific enrichment of hypoxia gene sets in ToF samples, pointing to a role for hypoxia in disease pathogenesis. The post-CPB myocardium exhibited significant alterations in the expression profile of genes related to transcription regulation, growth/apoptosis, inflammation, adhesion/matrix organization, and oxidative stress. Among them, only 70 were common to the two disease groups, whereas 110 and 24 were unique in ToF and ASD, respectively. Multiple functional interactions among differentially expressed gene products were predicted by network analysis. Interestingly, gene expression changes in ASD samples followed a consensus hypoxia profile. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive view of gene reprogramming in right atrium tissues of ToF and ASD patients before and after CPB, defining specific molecular pathways underlying disease pathophysiology and myocardium response to CPB. These findings have potential translational value because they identify new candidate prognostic markers and targets for tailored cardioprotective post-surgical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Raggi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cangelosi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabiola Blengio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,INSERM U955 Equipe 16, Creteil, France
| | - Martina Morini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Acquaviva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Immunobiology of Neurological Disorders Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology INSPE, Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Belli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.,Cytomorphology Laboratory, Heamo-Onco-TMO Department, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panizzon
- Department of Cardiology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cervo
- Department of Cardiology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Luigi Varesio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Eva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Bosco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, IRCSS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Padiglione 2, L.go G.Gaslini 5, 16147, Genova, Italy.
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5
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Nair SP, Sharma RK. Heat shock proteins and their expression in primary murine cardiac cell populations during ischemia and reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 464:21-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Ranek MJ, Stachowski MJ, Kirk JA, Willis MS. The role of heat shock proteins and co-chaperones in heart failure. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0530. [PMID: 29203715 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing contractile and metabolic demands of the heart require a tight control over protein quality control, including the maintenance of protein folding, turnover and synthesis. In heart disease, increases in mechanical and oxidative stresses, post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation), for example, decrease protein stability to favour misfolding in myocardial infarction, heart failure or ageing. These misfolded proteins are toxic to cardiomyocytes, directly contributing to the common accumulation found in human heart failure. One of the critical class of proteins involved in protecting the heart against these threats are molecular chaperones, including the heat shock protein70 (HSP70), HSP90 and co-chaperones CHIP (carboxy terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein, encoded by the Stub1 gene) and BAG-3 (BCL2-associated athanogene 3). Here, we review their emerging roles in the maintenance of cardiomyocytes in human and experimental models of heart failure, including their roles in facilitating the removal of misfolded and degraded proteins, inhibiting apoptosis and maintaining the structural integrity of the sarcomere and regulation of nuclear receptors. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence of increased expression of extracellular HSP70, HSP90 and BAG-3 in heart failure, with complementary independent roles from intracellular functions with important therapeutic and diagnostic considerations. While our understanding of these major HSPs in heart failure is incomplete, there is a clear potential role for therapeutic modulation of HSPs in heart failure with important contextual considerations to counteract the imbalance of protein damage and endogenous protein quality control systems.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marisa J Stachowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60302, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60302, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, CB#7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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7
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Walaszczyk A, Szołtysek K, Jelonek K, Polańska J, Dörr W, Haagen J, Widłak P, Gabryś D. Heart irradiation reduces microvascular density and accumulation of HSPA1 in mice. Strahlenther Onkol 2017; 194:235-242. [PMID: 29063166 PMCID: PMC5847036 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-017-1220-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Improvement of radiotherapy techniques reduces the exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. However, the risk of radiation-related late effects remains elevated. In the present study, we investigated long-term effects of radiation on heart muscle morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a mouse model to study microvascular density (MVD), deposition of collagen fibers, and changes in accumulation of heat shock 70 kDa protein 1 (HSPA1) in irradiated heart tissue. Hearts of C57BL/6 mice received a single dose of X‑ray radiation in the range 0.2-16 Gy. Analyses were performed 20, 40, and 60 weeks after irradiation. RESULTS Reduction in MD was revealed as a long-term effect observed 20-60 weeks after irradiation. Moreover, a significant and dose-dependent increase in accumulation of HSPA1, both cytoplasmic and nuclear, was observed in heart tissues collected 20 weeks after irradiation. We also noticed an increase in collagen deposition in hearts treated with higher doses. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that some changes induced by radiation in the heart tissue, such as reduction in microvessel density, increase in collagen deposition, and accumulation of HSPA1, are observed as long-term effects which might be associated with late radiation cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walaszczyk
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szołtysek
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Karol Jelonek
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Wolfgang Dörr
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Applied and Translational Radiobiology (ATRAB), Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Haagen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Piotr Widłak
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Gabryś
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland.
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8
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HSP70: therapeutic potential in acute and chronic cardiac disease settings. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2177-2183. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. The best studied heat shock protein is HSP70, which is known to act as a molecular chaperone to maintain cellular homeostasis and inhibit protein aggregation in response to stress. While early animal studies suggested that increasing HSP70 in the heart (using a transgenic, gene transfer or pharmacological approach) provided cardiac protection against acute cardiac stress, recent studies have found no benefit of increasing HSP70 in mouse models of chronic cardiac stress. As HSP70 has been considered a potential therapeutic target, it is important to comprehensively assess HSP70 therapies in preclinical models of acute and chronic cardiac disease.
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9
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Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT. Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:343-65. [PMID: 16565431 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most frequently encountered stresses in health and disease. The duration, frequency, and severity of hypoxic episodes are critical factors determining whether hypoxia is beneficial or harmful. Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to confer cardiovascular protection against more severe and sustained hypoxia, and, moreover, to protect against other stresses, including ischemia. Thus, the direct and cross protective effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia have been used for treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases and to increase efficiency of exercise training. Evidence is mounting that nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in these adaptive mechanisms. NO-dependent protective mechanisms activated by intermittent hypoxia include stimulation of NO synthesis as well as restriction of NO overproduction. In addition, alternative, nonenzymic sources of NO and negative feedback of NO synthesis are important factors in optimizing NO concentrations. The adaptive enhancement of NO synthesis and/or availability activates or increases expression of other protective factors, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants and prostaglandins, making the protection more robust and sustained. Understanding the role of NO in mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia will support development of therapies to prevent and treat hypoxic or ischemic damage to organs and cells and to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism.
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10
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Guo Y, Cui L, Jiang S, Wang D, Jiang S, Xie C, Jia Y. S100A1 transgenic treatment of acute heart failure causes proteomic changes in rats. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1538-52. [PMID: 27357314 PMCID: PMC4940056 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 Ca2+-binding protein A1 (S100A1) is an important regulator of myocardial contractility. The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying mechanisms of S100A1 activity via profiling the protein expression in rats administered with an S100A1 adenovirus (Ad-S100A1-EGFP) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). LTQ OrbiTrap mass spectrometry was used to profile the protein expression in the Ad-S100A1-EGFP and control groups post-AMI. Using Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) analysis, 134 energy metabolism-associated proteins, which comprised 20 carbohydrate metabolism-associated and 27 lipid metabolism associated proteins, were identified as differentially expressed in the Ad-S100A1-EGFP hearts compared with controls. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins identified were important enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The present study identified 12 Ca2+-binding proteins and 22 cytoskeletal proteins. The majority of the proteins expressed in the Ad-S100A1-EGFP group were upregulated compared with the control group. These results were further validated using western blot analysis. Following AMI, Ca2+ is crucial for the recovery of myocardial function in S100A1 transgenic rats as indicated by the upregulation of proteins associated with energy metabolism and Ca2+-binding. Thus, the current study ascertained that energy production and contractile ability were enhanced after AMI in the ventricular myocardium of the Ad-S100A1-EGFP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Jiao Tong Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250063, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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11
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Bernardo BC, Sapra G, Patterson NL, Cemerlang N, Kiriazis H, Ueyama T, Febbraio MA, McMullen JR. Long-Term Overexpression of Hsp70 Does Not Protect against Cardiac Dysfunction and Adverse Remodeling in a MURC Transgenic Mouse Model with Chronic Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145173. [PMID: 26660322 PMCID: PMC4680216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous animal studies had shown that increasing heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) using a transgenic, gene therapy or pharmacological approach provided cardiac protection in models of acute cardiac stress. Furthermore, clinical studies had reported associations between Hsp70 levels and protection against atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia presenting in cardiology clinics and is associated with increased rates of heart failure and stroke. Improved therapies for AF and heart failure are urgently required. Despite promising observations in animal studies which targeted Hsp70, we recently reported that increasing Hsp70 was unable to attenuate cardiac dysfunction and pathology in a mouse model which develops heart failure and intermittent AF. Given our somewhat unexpected finding and the extensive literature suggesting Hsp70 provides cardiac protection, it was considered important to assess whether Hsp70 could provide protection in another mouse model of heart failure and AF. The aim of the current study was to determine whether increasing Hsp70 could attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, cardiac dysfunction and episodes of arrhythmia in a mouse model of heart failure and AF due to overexpression of Muscle-Restricted Coiled-Coil (MURC). Cardiac function and pathology were assessed in mice at approximately 12 months of age. We report here, that chronic overexpression of Hsp70 was unable to provide protection against cardiac dysfunction, conduction abnormalities, fibrosis or characteristic molecular markers of the failing heart. In summary, elevated Hsp70 may provide protection in acute cardiac stress settings, but appears insufficient to protect the heart under chronic cardiac disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geeta Sapra
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Nelly Cemerlang
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Tomomi Ueyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602–8566, Japan
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, 2010, Australia
| | - Julie R. McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Henstridge DC, Estevez E, Allen TL, Heywood SE, Gardner T, Yang C, Mellett NA, Kingwell BA, Meikle PJ, Febbraio MA. Genetic manipulation of cardiac Hsp72 levels does not alter substrate metabolism but reveals insights into high-fat feeding-induced cardiac insulin resistance. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:461-72. [PMID: 25618331 PMCID: PMC4406940 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) protects cells against a variety of stressors, and multiple studies have suggested that Hsp72 plays a cardioprotective role. As skeletal muscle Hsp72 overexpression can protect against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance, alterations in substrate metabolism may be a mechanism by which Hsp72 is cardioprotective. We investigated the impact of transgenically overexpressing (Hsp72 Tg) or deleting Hsp72 (Hsp72 KO) on various aspects of cardiac metabolism. Mice were fed a normal chow (NC) or HFD for 12 weeks from 8 weeks of age to examine the impact of diet-induced obesity on metabolic parameters in the heart. The HFD resulted in an increase in cardiac fatty acid oxidation and a decrease in cardiac glucose oxidation and insulin-stimulated cardiac glucose clearance; however, there was no difference in Hsp72 Tg or Hsp72 KO mice in these rates compared with their respective wild-type control mice. Although HFD-induced cardiac insulin resistance was not rescued in the Hsp72 Tg mice, it was preserved in the skeletal muscle, suggesting tissue-specific effects of Hsp72 overexpression on substrate metabolism. Comparison of two different strains of mice (BALB/c vs. C57BL/6J) also identified strain-specific differences in regard to HFD-induced cardiac lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. These strain differences suggest that cardiac lipid accumulation can be dissociated from cardiac insulin resistance. Our study finds that genetic manipulation of Hsp72 does not lead to alterations in metabolic processes in cardiac tissue under resting conditions, but identifies mouse strain-specific differences in cardiac lipid accumulation and insulin-stimulated glucose clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia,
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Pasqua T, Filice E, Mazza R, Quintieri AM, Carmela Cerra M, Iannacone R, Melfi D, Indiveri C, Gattuso A, Angelone T. Cardiac and hepatic role of r-AtHSP70: basal effects and protection against ischemic and sepsis conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1492-503. [PMID: 25904190 PMCID: PMC4511348 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), highly conserved in all organisms, act as molecular chaperones activated by several stresses. The HSP70 class of stress-induced proteins is the most studied subtype in cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. Because of the high similarity between plant and mammalian HSP70, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether recombinant HSP70 of plant origin (r-AtHSP70) was able to protect rat cardiac and hepatic function under ischemic and sepsis conditions. We demonstrated for the first time that, in ex vivo isolated and perfused rat heart, exogenous r-AtHSP70 exerted direct negative inotropic and lusitropic effects via Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, induced post-conditioning cardioprotection via Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase and Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement pathways, and did not cause hepatic damage. In vivo administration of r-AtHSP70 protected both heart and liver against lipopolysaccharide-dependent sepsis, as revealed by the reduced plasma levels of interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor alpha, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. These results suggest exogenous r-AtHSP70 as a molecular modulator able to protect myocardial function and to prevent cardiac and liver dysfunctions during inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pasqua
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filice
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Rosa Mazza
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Quintieri
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rina Iannacone
- ALSIA-Research Center Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto (MT), Italy
| | - Donato Melfi
- ALSIA-Research Center Metapontum Agrobios, Metaponto (MT), Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alfonsina Gattuso
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bologna, Italy
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Knowlton AA, Korzick DH. Estrogen and the female heart. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 389:31-9. [PMID: 24462775 PMCID: PMC5709037 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen has a plethora of effects in the cardiovascular system. Studies of estrogen and the heart span human clinical trials and basic cell and molecular investigations. Greater understanding of cell and molecular responses to estrogens can provide further insights into the findings of clinical studies. Differences in expression and cellular/intracellular distribution of the two main receptors, estrogen receptor (ER) α and β, are thought to account for the specificity and differences in responses to estrogen. Much remains to be learned in this area, but cellular distribution within the cardiovascular system is becoming clearer. Identification of GPER as a third ER has introduced further complexity to the system. 17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent human estrogen, clearly has protective properties activating a signaling cascade leading to cellular protection and also influencing expression of the protective heat shock proteins (HSP). E2 protects the heart from ischemic injury in basic studies, but the picture is more involved in the whole organism and clinical studies. Here the complexity of E2's widespread effects comes into play and makes interpretation of findings more challenging. Estrogen loss occurs primarily with aging, but few studies have used aged models despite clear evidence of differences between the response to estrogen deficiency in adult and aged animals. Thus more work is needed focusing on the effects of aging vs. estrogen loss on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Knowlton
- The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, CA, USA; Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - D H Korzick
- Intercollege Program in Physiology and Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Hsu SF, Chao CM, Huang WT, Lin MT, Cheng BC. Attenuating heat-induced cellular autophagy, apoptosis and damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes by pre-inducing HSP70 with heat shock preconditioning. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:239-47. [PMID: 23590364 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.777853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to assess whether heat-induced autophagy, apoptosis and cell damage in H9c2 cells can be affected by pre-inducing HSP70 (heat shock protein 70). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide staining and a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Apoptosis was evidenced using both flow cytometry and counting caspase-3 positive cells, whereas autophagy was evidenced by the increased LC3-II expression and lysosomal activity. RESULTS The viability of H9c2 cells was temperature-dependently (40-44 °C) and time-dependently (90-180 min) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by severe heat, which caused cell damage, apoptosis and autophagy. Heat-induced cell injury could be attenuated by pretreatment with 3-methylademine (an autophagy inhibitor) or Z-DEVD-FMK (a caspase-3 inhibitor). Neither apoptosis nor autophagy over the levels found in normothermic controls was induced in heat-shock preconditioned controls (no subsequent heat injury). The beneficial effects of mild heat preconditioning (preventing heat-induced cell damage, apoptosis and autophagy) were significantly attenuated by inhibiting HSP70 overexpression with triptolide (Tripterygium wilfordii) pretreatment. CONCLUSION We conclude that pre-inducing HSP70 attenuates heat-stimulated cell autophagy, apoptosis and damage in the heart. However, this requires in vivo confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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16
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Li Z, Song Y, Xing R, Yu H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Gao W. Heat shock protein 70 acts as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of heart failure. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67964. [PMID: 23874478 PMCID: PMC3706597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Early identification for heart failure (HF) may be useful for disease modifying treatment in order to reduce heart disease progression or even to reverse it. In our previous studies, we have revealed a group of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which might be related to neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by proteomic approach. Here, we confirm that HSPs, including HSP27 and HSP70, altered in the early stage of cardiac remodeling in vivo animal model. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of those HSPs and their potential screening value were evaluated at different stages in 222 patient subjects. Plasma HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results indicate that HSP70 was positively correlated to the severity (progression) of HF (r = 0.456, p<0.001). The area under the rate of change (ROC) curve was 0.601 (p = 0.017) in patients with stage B HF and 0.835 (p<0.001) in those with stage C HF. However, HSP27 and HSP90 did not display significant changes in any stage of HF in this study. Taken together, plasma concentrations of HSP70 elevated with the progression of HF and might act as a potential screening biomarker for early diagnosis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research Beijing, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research Beijing, China
| | - Haiyi Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research Beijing, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WG); (ZL)
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovasicular Receptors Research Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WG); (ZL)
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Itoh T, Kouzu H, Miki T, Tanno M, Kuno A, Sato T, Sunaga D, Murase H, Miura T. Cytoprotective regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore is impaired in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:870-9. [PMID: 23063677 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our recent studies indicated that up-regulation of calcineurin activity and unfolded protein responses (UPRs) disrupt cytoprotective Akt- and ERK-signaling in OLETF, a model of obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM). To determine whether the mechanisms can be generalized, we used Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK), a model of non-obese T2DM, in this study. Infarct sizes after 20-min ischemia/2-h reperfusion were similar in GK and non-diabetic controls, Wistar rats (Wistar). However, erythropoietin (EPO) limited infarct size in Wistar (64.0±5.3% vs. 45.7±4.4%, p<0.05) but not in GK (56.2±2.2% vs. 52.6±2.3%). Levels of calcineurin activity and EPO-induced phosphorylation of Akt and ERK were similar in GK and Wistar, though cytosolic HSP70 level was 50% lower and mitochondrial HSP60 level was 60% higher in GK. EPO preserved mitochondrial calcium retention capacity (CRC), an index of the threshold for opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), after ischemia/reperfusion in Wistar but not in GK. Interaction of cyclophilin D (CypD) with mitochondrial inorganic phosphate carrier (PiC), which sensitizes the mPTP, was enhanced in GK. There was a negative exponential relationship between CypD-PiC interaction and CRC upon reperfusion, indicating that increase in CRC by reduction of CypD-PiC interaction is smaller when CypD-PiC interaction level is at a higher range. A chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyric acid, attenuated the changes in HSPs and CypD-PiC interaction and restored responses of CRC and infarct size to EPO in GK. These results suggest that cytoprotective regulation of the mPTP is impaired in GK by enhanced CypD-PiC interaction in which UPRs are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Division of Cardiology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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O'Neill S, Ross JA, Wigmore SJ, Harrison EM. The role of heat shock protein 90 in modulating ischemia-reperfusion injury in the kidney. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:1535-48. [PMID: 22876854 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.713939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage renal disease. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unavoidable consequence of the transplantation procedure and is responsible for delayed graft function and poorer long-term outcomes. AREAS COVERED Pharmacological induction of heat shock protein (Hsp) expression is an emerging pre-conditioning strategy aimed at reducing IRI following renal transplantation. Hsp90 inhibition up-regulates protective Hsps (especially Hsp70) and potentially down-regulates NF-κB by disruption of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex. However, the clinical application of Hsp90 inhibitors is currently limited by their toxicity profile and the exact mechanism of protection conferred is unknown. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a further regulator of NF-κB and recent studies suggest TLR4 plays a dominant role in mediating kidney damage following IRI. The full interaction of Hsps with TLRs is yet to be delineated and whether TLR4 signalling can be targeted by Hsp90 inhibition in IRI remains uncertain. EXPERT OPINION Pharmacological pre-conditioning by Hsp90 inhibition involves direct treatment to the kidney donor and/or organ, which aims to reduce injury prior to the onset of ischemia. The major challenges going forward are to establish the exact mechanism of protection offered by these drugs and the investgiation of less toxic analogues that could be safely translated into human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O'Neill
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Tissue Injury and Repair Group, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
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Abstract
Estrogen is a potent steroid with pleiotropic effects, which have yet to be fully elucidated. Estrogen has both nuclear and non-nuclear effects. The rapid response to estrogen, which involves a membrane associated estrogen receptor(ER) and is protective, involves signaling through PI3K, Akt, and ERK 1/2. The nuclear response is much slower, as the ER-estrogen complex moves to the nucleus, where it functions as a transcription factor, both activating and repressing gene expression. Several different ERs regulate the specificity of response to estrogen, and appear to have specific effects in cardiac remodeling and the response to injury. However, much remains to be understood about the selectivity of these receptors and their specific effects on gene expression. Basic studies have demonstrated that estrogen treatment prevents apoptosis and necrosis of cardiac and endothelial cells. Estrogen also attenuates pathologic cardiac hypertrophy. Estrogen may have great benefit in aging as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, clinical investigations of estrogen have had mixed results, and not shown the clear-cut benefit of more basic investigations. This can be explained in part by differences in study design: in basic studies estrogen treatment was used immediately or shortly after ovariectomy, while in some key clinical trials, estrogen was given years after menopause. Further basic research into the underlying molecular mechanisms of estrogen's actions is essential to provide a better comprehension of the many properties of this powerful hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Knowlton
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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20
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Kuete V, Eichhorn T, Wiench B, Krusche B, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity, anti-angiogenic, apoptotic effects and transcript profiling of a naturally occurring naphthyl butenone, guieranone A. Cell Div 2012; 7:16. [PMID: 22892065 PMCID: PMC3782753 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant diseases are responsible of approximately 13% of all deaths each
year in the world. Natural products represent a valuable source for the
development of novel anticancer drugs. The present study was aimed at
evaluating the cytotoxicity of a naphtyl butanone isolated from the leaves
of Guiera senegalensis, guieranone A (GA). Results The results indicated that GA was active on 91.67% of the 12 tested cancer
cell lines, the IC50 values below 4 μg/ml being recorded on
83.33% of them. In addition, the IC50 values obtained on human
lymphoblastic leukemia CCRF-CEM (0.73 μg/ml) and its resistant subline
CEM/ADR5000 (1.01 μg/ml) and on lung adenocarcinoma A549 (0.72
μg/ml) cell lines were closer or lower than that of doxorubicin.
Interestingly, low cytotoxicity to normal hepatocyte, AML12 cell line was
observed. GA showed anti-angiogenic activity with up to 51.9% inhibition of
the growth of blood capillaries on the chorioallantoic membrane of quail
embryo. Its also induced apotosis and cell cycle arrest. Ingenuity Pathway
Analysis identified several pathways in CCRF-CEM cells and functional group
of genes regulated upon GA treatment (P < 0.05), the Cell
Cycle: G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint Regulation and ATM
Signaling pathways being amongst the four most involved functional
groups. Conclusion The overall results of this work provide evidence of the cytotoxic potential
of GA and supportive data for its possible use in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
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21
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Stice JP, Chen L, Kim SC, Jung JS, Tran AL, Liu TT, Knowlton AA. 17β-Estradiol, aging, inflammation, and the stress response in the female heart. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1589-98. [PMID: 21303943 PMCID: PMC3060632 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a cardioprotective class of proteins induced by stress and regulated by the transcription factor, heat shock factor (HSF)-1. 17β-estradiol (E(2)) indirectly regulates HSP expression through rapid activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and HSF-1 and protects against hypoxia. As males experience a loss of protective cellular responses in aging, we hypothesized that aged menopausal (old ovariectomized) rats would have an impaired HSP response, which could be prevented by immediate in vivo E(2) replacement. After measuring cardiac function in vivo, cardiac myocytes were isolated from ovariectomized adult and old rats with and without 9 weeks of E(2) replacement. Myocytes were treated with E(2) in vitro and analyzed for activation of NF-κB, HSF-1, and HSP expression. In addition, we measured inflammatory cytokine expression and susceptibility to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Cardiac contractility was reduced in old ovariectomized rats and could prevented by immediate E(2) replacement in vivo. Subsequent investigations in isolated cardiac myocytes found that in vitro E(2) activated NF-κB, HSF-1, and increased HSP 72 expression in adult but not old rats. In response to hypoxia/reoxygenation, myocytes from adult, but not old, rats had increased HSP 72 expression. In addition, expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as oxidative stress, were increased in myocytes from old ovariectomized rats; only the change in cytokine expression could be attenuated by in vivo E(2) replacement. This study demonstrates that while aging in female rats led to a loss of the cardioprotective HSP response, E(2) retains its protective cellular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Stice
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Genomics and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6317, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Way, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a potent antiapoptotic agent. Here, we tested whether it directly regulates renal cell survival and organ function in a model of transient renal ischemia using Hsp70 knockout, heterozygous, and wild-type mice. The kidney cortical Hsp70 content inversely correlated with tubular injury, apoptosis, and organ dysfunction after injury. In knockout mice, ischemia caused changes in the activity of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (kinases that regulate the proapoptotic protein Bax), increased active Bax, and activated the proapoptotic protease caspase 3. As these changes were significantly reduced in the wild-type mice, we tested whether Hsp70 influences ischemia-induced apoptosis. An Hsp70 inducer, geranylgeranylacetone, increased Hsp70 expression in heterozygous and wild-type mice, and reduced both ischemic tubular injury and organ dysfunction. When administered after ischemia, this inducer also decreased tubular injury and organ failure in wild-type mice but did not protect the knockout mice. ATP depletion in vitro caused greater mitochondrial Bax accumulation and death in primary proximal tubule cells harvested from knockout compared with wild-type mice and altered serine phosphorylation of a Bax peptide at the Akt-specific target site. In contrast, lentiviral-mediated Hsp70 repletion decreased mitochondrial Bax accumulation and rescued Hsp70 knockout cells from death. Thus, increasing Hsp70 either before or after ischemic injury preserves renal function by attenuating acute kidney injury.
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Woo CH, Le NT, Shishido T, Chang E, Lee H, Heo KS, Mickelsen DM, Lu Y, McClain C, Spangenberg T, Yan C, Molina CA, Yang J, Patterson C, Abe JI. Novel role of C terminus of Hsc70‐interacting protein (CHIP) ubiquitin ligase on inhibiting cardiac apoptosis and dysfunction
via
regulating ERK5‐mediated degradation of inducible cAMP early repressor. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10.162636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Woo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Tetsuro Shishido
- Department of CardiologyPulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine Yamagata Japan
| | - Eugene Chang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Hakjoo Lee
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Deanne M. Mickelsen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Carolyn McClain
- Department of Biology and Molecular BiologyMontclair State University Montclair New Jersey USA
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Chen Yan
- “Carolina Cardiovascular Biology CenterUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Carlos A. Molina
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Cam Patterson
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Aab Cardiovascular Research InstituteUniversity of Rochester Rochester New York USA
- Department of CardiologyPulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine Yamagata Japan
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Willis MS, Patterson C. Hold me tight: Role of the heat shock protein family of chaperones in cardiac disease. Circulation 2010; 122:1740-51. [PMID: 20975010 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.942250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monte S Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7126, USA
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25
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Woo CH, Le NT, Shishido T, Chang E, Lee H, Heo KS, Mickelsen DM, Lu Y, McClain C, Spangenberg T, Yan C, Molina CA, Yang J, Patterson C, Abe JI. Novel role of C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) ubiquitin ligase on inhibiting cardiac apoptosis and dysfunction via regulating ERK5-mediated degradation of inducible cAMP early repressor. FASEB J 2010; 24:4917-28. [PMID: 20724525 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-162636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates a critical role of ubiquitin-proteosome system in apoptosis regulation. A cardioprotective effect of ubiquitin (Ub) ligase of the C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) on myocytes has been reported. In the current study, we found that the cardioprotective effect of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was mediated by ERK5-CHIP signal module via inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) destabilization. In vitro runoff assay and Ub assay showed ICER as a substrate of CHIP Ub ligase. Both disruption of ERK5-CHIP binding with inhibitory helical linker domain fragment (aa 101-200) of CHIP and the depletion of ERK5 by siRNA inhibited CHIP Ub ligase activity, which suggests an obligatory role of ERK5 on CHIP activation. Depletion of CHIP, using siRNA, inhibited IGF-1-mediated reduction of isoproterenol-mediated ICER induction and apoptosis. In diabetic mice subjected to myocardial infarction, the CHIP Ub ligase activity was decreased, with an increase in ICER expression. These changes were attenuated significantly in a cardiac-specific constitutively active form of MEK5α transgenic mice (CA-MEK5α-Tg) previously shown to have greater functional recovery. Furthermore, pressure overload-mediated ICER induction was enhanced in heterozygous CHIP(+/-) mice. We identified ICER as a novel CHIP substrate and that the ERK5-CHIP complex plays an obligatory role in inhibition of ICER expression, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hoon Woo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Wang X, Zhao T, Huang W, Wang T, Qian J, Xu M, Kranias EG, Wang Y, Fan GC. Hsp20-engineered mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to oxidative stress via enhanced activation of Akt and increased secretion of growth factors. Stem Cells 2010; 27:3021-31. [PMID: 19816949 DOI: 10.1002/stem.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although heat-shock preconditioning has been shown to promote cell survival under oxidative stress, the nature of heat-shock response from different cells is variable and complex. Therefore, it remains unclear whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modified with a single heat-shock protein (Hsp) gene are effective in the repair of a damaged heart. In this study, we genetically engineered rat MSCs with Hsp20 gene (Hsp20-MSCs) and examined cell survival, revascularization, and functional improvement in rat left anterior descending ligation (LAD) model via intracardial injection. We observed that overexpression of Hsp20 protected MSCs against cell death triggered by oxidative stress in vitro. The survival of Hsp20-MSCs was increased by approximately twofold by day 4 after transplantation into the infarcted heart, compared with that of vector-MSCs. Furthermore, Hsp20-MSCs improved cardiac function of infarcted myocardium as compared with vector-MSCs, accompanied by reduction of fibrosis and increase in the vascular density. The mechanisms contributing to the beneficial effects of Hsp20 were associated with enhanced Akt activation and increased secretion of growth factors (VEGF, FGF-2, and IGF-1). The paracrine action of Hsp20-MSCs was further validated in vitro by cocultured adult rat cardiomyocytes with a stress-conditioned medium from Hsp20-MSCs. Taken together, these data support the premise that genetic modification of MSCs before transplantation could be salutary for treating myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0575, USA
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Shiota M, Kusakabe H, Izumi Y, Hikita Y, Nakao T, Funae Y, Miura K, Iwao H. Heat shock cognate protein 70 is essential for Akt signaling in endothelial function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:491-7. [PMID: 20018937 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.193631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heat shock protein 70s (Hsp70s) are molecular chaperones that protect cells from damage in response to various stress stimuli. However, the functions and mechanisms in endothelial cells (ECs) have not been examined. Herein, we investigate the role of Hsp70s, including heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), which is constitutively expressed in nonstressed cells (ie, ECs). METHODS AND RESULTS The Hsp70 inhibitor, KNK437, significantly decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell migration and tube formation in vitro. KNK437 inhibited the phosphorylation of VEGF-induced Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In a mouse hind limb model of vascular insufficiency, intramuscular inhibition of Hsp70s attenuated collateral and capillary vessel formation. Silencing the Hsc70 gene by short interfering RNA abolished VEGF-induced Akt phosphorylation and VEGF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration and tube formation. As the molecular mechanisms, Hsc70 knockdown reduced the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, Hsc70 plays a significant role in ECs via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. Hsc70 may provide the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Tan CY, Ban H, Kim YH, Kim YH, Lee SK. The heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) operates predominantly by blocking the mitochondrial-independent/extrinsic pathway of cellular apoptosis. Mol Cells 2009; 27:533-8. [PMID: 19466601 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-009-0079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a molecular chaperone protein which regulates cell apoptosis by interacting directly with the caspase activation components in the apoptotic pathways. With the assistance of the Tat protein transduction domain we directly delivered the Hsp27 into the myocardial cell line, H9c2 and demonstrate that this protein can reverse hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cells. In order to characterize the contribution of Hsp27 in blocking the two major apoptotic pathways operational within cells, we exposed H9c2 cells to staurosporine and cobalt chloride, agents that induce mitochondria-dependent (intrinsic) and -independent (extrinsic) pathways of apoptosis in cells respectively. The Tat-Hsp27 fusion protein showed a greater propensity to inhibit the effect induced by the cobalt chloride treatment. These data suggest that the Hsp27 predominantly exerts its protective effect by interfering with the components of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheau Yih Tan
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Goebel U, Mecklenburg A, Siepe M, Roesslein M, Schwer CI, Pahl HL, Priebe HJ, Schlensak C, Loop T. Protective effects of inhaled carbon monoxide in pig lungs during cardiopulmonary bypass are mediated via an induction of the heat shock response. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:173-84. [PMID: 19403594 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may cause acute lung injury leading to increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Preconditioning by inhaled carbon monoxide reduces pulmonary inflammation during CPB. We hypothesized that inhaled carbon monoxide mediates its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects during CPB via induction of pulmonary heat shock proteins (Hsps). METHODS Pigs were randomized either to a control group, to standard CPB, to carbon monoxide+CPB, or to quercetin (a flavonoid and unspecific inhibitor of the heat shock response)+control, to quercetin+CPB, and to quercetin+carbon monoxide+CPB. In the carbon monoxide groups, lungs were ventilated with 250 ppm carbon monoxide in addition to standard ventilation before CPB. At various time points, lung biopsies were obtained and pulmonary Hsp and cytokine concentrations determined. RESULTS Haemodynamic parameters were largely unaffected by CPB, carbon monoxide inhalation, or administration of quercetin. Compared with standard CPB, carbon monoxide inhalation significantly increased the pulmonary expression of the Hsps 70 [27 (SD 3) vs 69 (10) ng ml(-1) at 120 min post-CPB, P<0.05] and 90 [0.3 (0.03) vs 0.52 (0.05) after 120 min CPB, P<0.05], induced the DNA binding of heat shock factor-1, reduced interleukin-6 protein expression [936 (75) vs 320 (138) at 120 min post-CPB, P<0.001], and decreased CPB-associated lung injury (assessed by lung biopsy). These carbon monoxide-mediated effects were inhibited by quercetin. CONCLUSIONS As quercetin, a Hsp inhibitor, reversed carbon monoxide-mediated pulmonary effects, we conclude that the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of preconditioning by inhaled carbon monoxide during CPB in pigs are mediated by an activation of the heat shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Goebel
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center, Hugstetterstrasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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de Jong PR, Schadenberg AWL, Jansen NJG, Prakken BJ. Hsp70 and cardiac surgery: molecular chaperone and inflammatory regulator with compartmentalized effects. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:117-31. [PMID: 18668350 PMCID: PMC2727984 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Open heart surgery is a unique model to study the interplay between cellular injury, regulation of inflammatory responses and tissue repair. Stress-inducible heat shock protein 70-kDa (Hsp70) provides a molecular link between these events. In addition to molecular chaperoning, Hsp70 exerts modulatory effects on endothelial cells and leukocytes involved in inflammatory networks. Hsp70 residing in the intracellular compartment is part of an inhibitory feedback loop that acts on nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB). In contrast, extracellular Hsp70 is recognized by multiple germline-encoded immune receptors, e.g., Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, LOX-1, CD91, CD94, CCR5 and CD40. Hsp70 is thereby able to enhance chemotaxis, phagocytosis and cytolytic activity of innate immune cells and stimulate antigen-specific responses. These apparent contradictory pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous Hsp70 in the context of cardiac surgery are still not fully understood. An all-embracing model of the compartmentalized effects of endogenous Hsp70 in the orchestration of inflammatory responses in cardiac surgery is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus R. de Jong
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Home mailbox KC.03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alvin W. L. Schadenberg
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Home mailbox KC.03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J. G. Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Berent J. Prakken
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Home mailbox KC.03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Tupling AR, Bombardier E, Vigna C, Quadrilatero J, Fu M. Interaction between Hsp70 and the SR Ca2+pump: a potential mechanism for cytoprotection in heart and skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:1023-32. [DOI: 10.1139/h08-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) provides cytoprotection to cells, making them resistant to otherwise lethal levels of stress. In this review, the role Hsp70 plays in protecting both cardiac and skeletal muscle against the pathophysiological effects of oxidative stress are examined, with a focus on the molecular basis for the cytoprotective effects of Hsp70. The ability of Hsp70 to maintain cell survival undoubtedly involves the regulation of multiple steps within apoptotic pathways, but could also involve the regulation of key upstream mediators of apoptosis (i.e., oxidative stress, Ca2+overload). Hsp70 can stabilize the structure and function of both the skeletal muscle and cardiac Ca2+pump under heat stress conditions. Given that Ca2+overload has long been implicated in cell death, Hsp70 might protect muscle cells by maintaining cellular Ca2+homeostasis, thereby preventing the initiation of apoptosis. The functional interaction between Hsp70 and Ca2+pumps might also promote improvements in muscle contractility after exposure to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Eric Bombardier
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chris Vigna
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Minghua Fu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Dabkowski ER, Williamson CL, Hollander JM. Mitochondria-specific transgenic overexpression of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) attenuates ischemia/reperfusion-associated cardiac dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:855-65. [PMID: 18638546 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury elicits damage to mitochondria. Antioxidants provide protection from I/R-induced mitochondrial damage. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of mitochondria-specific overexpression of GPx4 (PHGPx) on cardiac function following I/R. Transgenic mice were created in which PHGPx was overexpressed solely in the mitochondrion (mPHGPx). MPHGPx and littermate control hearts were subjected to global no-flow ischemia (20 min) followed by reflow reperfusion (30, 60, and 90 min). Following I/R, mPHGPx hearts possessed significantly better rates of contraction, developed pressures, and peak-systolic pressures as compared to controls (P<0.05). No differences were observed in rates of relaxation or end-diastolic pressures. Lipid peroxidation was significantly lower in mitochondria from mPHGPx hearts as compared to controls, following I/R (P<0.05). Electron transport chain (ETC) complex I, III, and IV activities were significantly higher in mPHGPx hearts as compared to controls, following I/R (P<0.05). MPHGPx overexpression enhanced ETC complex I, III, and IV activities in subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM; P<0.05), and ETC complex I and III activities in interfibrillar mitochondria (IFM; P<0.05) following I/R. These results indicate that mitochondria-specific GPx4 overexpression protects cardiac contractile function and preserves ETC complex activities following I/R. These results provide further rationale for the use of mPHGPx as a therapeutic protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinne R Dabkowski
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Exercise Physiology, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Cardiovascular Sciences, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Niizeki T, Takeishi Y, Watanabe T, Nitobe J, Miyashita T, Miyamoto T, Kitahara T, Suzuki S, Sasaki T, Bilim O, Ishino M, Kubota I. Relation of serum heat shock protein 60 level to severity and prognosis in chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102:606-10. [PMID: 18721521 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 04/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP) 60 is induced by a variety of stressors, including oxidative stress and inflammation, and it plays a protective role against stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Recently, it has been reported that HSP 60 exists in the circulation. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by systemic abnormalities, and the myocardium is exposed to various stressors. However, the clinical significance of serum HSP 60 has not been examined in CHF. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether HSP 60 is correlated with the severity of CHF and whether HSP 60 can predict clinical outcomes in patients with CHF. Serum HSP 60 levels were measured in 112 patients with CHF and 62 control subjects. Serum HSP 60 levels were higher in patients with CHF than in control subjects and increased with advancing New York Heart Association functional class. There were 37 cardiac events during a mean follow-up period of 569 +/- 476 days (range 17 to 1,986). Serum HSP 60 levels were higher in patients with cardiac events than in event-free patients. Patients were divided into 4 groups on the basis of HSP 60 level. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the fourth quartile was associated with the greatest risk for cardiac events. In conclusion, serum HSP 60 level was related to the severity of CHF and associated with a high risk for adverse cardiac events in patients CHF.
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Gombos T, Förhécz Z, Pozsonyi Z, Jánoskuti L, Prohászka Z. Interaction of serum 70-kDa heat shock protein levels and HspA1B (+1267) gene polymorphism with disease severity in patients with chronic heart failure. Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 13:199-206. [PMID: 18759004 PMCID: PMC2673893 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-007-0001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is present in the circulation of healthy individuals and in patients with various disorders, including chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the source and routes of release of Hsp70 is only partially characterised in clinical samples. AIMS The purpose of this study was to study the clinical and biological correlates of Hsp70 in a CHF population and, for the first time, to investigate the association of HspA1B (also known as Hsp70-2) +1267 alleles with serum Hsp70 levels. METHODS A total of 167 patients (123 men, 44 women) with <45% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were enrolled; serum Hsp70 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and HspA1B +1267 polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS Increased Hsp70 levels were present in patients with severe CHF (NYHA III-IV) as compared to the group of NYHA I-II (p = 0.003). Hsp70 levels correlated with LVEF, NT-proBNP, serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gammaGT (p < 0.05) concentrations in patients with severe CHF, although no correlation was observed between Hsp70 and CRP, TNF-alpha, or IL-6. HspA1B allele G was associated with higher Hsp70 levels (p = 0.001) in patients in NYHA IV class as compared to carriers of allele A. CONCLUSIONS Serum Hsp70 levels were associated with disease severity in heart failure patients. An interaction with the presence of HspA1B +1267 allele G was observed for Hsp70 concentrations. Hsp70 correlates with markers of heart function and hepatic injury, but not with signs of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Gombos
- IIIrd Department of Internal Medicine and Szentágothai Knowledge Center, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Förhécz
- IIIrd Department of Internal Medicine and Szentágothai Knowledge Center, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pozsonyi
- IIIrd Department of Internal Medicine and Szentágothai Knowledge Center, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lívia Jánoskuti
- IIIrd Department of Internal Medicine and Szentágothai Knowledge Center, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Prohászka
- IIIrd Department of Internal Medicine and Szentágothai Knowledge Center, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Group of Inflammation Biology and Immunogenomics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Kim SA, Chang S, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. TAT-Hsp40 inhibits oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity via the inhibition of Hsp70 ubiquitination. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:734-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sakabe M, Shiroshita-Takeshita A, Maguy A, Brundel BJ, Fujiki A, Inoue H, Nattel S. Effects of a heat shock protein inducer on the atrial fibrillation substrate caused by acute atrial ischaemia. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 78:63-70. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Although myocardial ischemia was once thought to result in irreversible cellular damage, it is now demonstrated that in cardiac tissue, submitted to the stress of oxygen and substrate deprivation, endogenous mechanisms of cell survival may be activated. These molecular mechanisms result in physiological conditions of adaptation to ischemia, known as myocardial stunning and hibernation. These conditions result from a switch in gene and protein expression, which sustains cardiac cell survival in a context of oxygen deprivation and during the stress of reperfusion. The pattern of cell survival elicited by ischemia in myocardial stunning or hibernation results in the activation of cytoprotective mechanisms that will protect the heart against further ischemic damage, a condition referred to as ischemic preconditioning. The basic mechanisms underlying stunning and hibernation are still a matter of intense research, which includes the discovery and characterization of novel survival genes not described in the heart before, or the unraveling of new cellular processes, such as autophagy. Understanding how the molecular adaptation of the cardiac myocyte during stress sustains its survival in these conditions therefore might help defining novel mechanisms of endogenous myocardial salvage, in order to expand the conditions of maintained cellular viability and functional salvage of the ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Depre
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 185 South Orange Street, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Kampinga HH, Henning RH, van Gelder IC, Brundel BJJM. Beat shock proteins and atrial fibrillation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2007; 12:97-100. [PMID: 17688187 PMCID: PMC1949326 DOI: 10.1379/csc-285.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, the role of heat shock proteins in susceptability to induction of atrial fibrillation (AF) or in the process of AF is discussed. AF is the most common arrhythmia in humans, is self-perpetuating in nature and hence tends to become more persistent in time. Some studies show a correlation between high Hsp70 (HspA1A) expression in cardiac tissue and a reduced susceptability to induction of postoperative AF. Expression of Hsp70, Hsc70 (HspA8), Hsp40 (DnaJB1), Hsp60 (HspD1), Hsp90 (HspC1) was not associated with progression of AF. However, both correlative studies in human and experimental studies suggest that Hsp27 (HspB1) may delay progression of AF to the more permanent forms and hence Hsp27 might be referred to as a "Beat shock protein".
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, Clinical Pharmacology, and Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Thorp DB, Haist JV, Leppard J, Milne KJ, Karmazyn M, Noble EG. Exercise training improves myocardial tolerance to ischemia in male but not in female rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R363-71. [PMID: 17507436 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00363.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute exercise increases myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in male but not in female rat hearts, possibly due to a decreased heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) response in the female hearts. This study examined whether repetitive exercise training would increase Hsp70 and myocardial tolerance to I-R injury in female rat hearts. Adaptations in myocardial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were also assessed. Ten-week old male (M) and female (F) Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 40 total) exercise-trained for 14 wk; the last 8 wk consisted of running 1 h at 30 m/min (2% incline), 5 days/wk. Following training, left ventricle mechanical function (LVMF) was monitored for 30 min of reperfusion following 30 min of global ischemia (Langendorff procedure). Myocardial Hsp70 content was not different in M and F control groups, while increases were observed in both trained groups (M greater than F; P < 0.05). Although MnSOD content did not differ between groups, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels were decreased in F, with no change in M, following training ( P < 0.05). Hearts from control F demonstrated a greater recuperation of all indices of LVMF following I-R compared with control M hearts ( P < 0.05). Hearts of trained M exhibited improved recovery of LVMF (left ventricular diastolic pressure, left ventrcular end-diastolic pressure, +dP/d t, −dP/d t) during reperfusion compared with control M hearts ( P < 0.05). In contrast, hearts of trained F did not show any change in recovery from I-R. Hence, exercise training is more beneficial to M than F in improving myocardial function following I-R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Thorp
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Healy C, Mulhall KJ, Fitz Patrick D, Kay EW, Bouchier-Hayes D. The effect of thermal preconditioning of the limb on flexor tendon healing. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2007; 32:289-95. [PMID: 17321648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermal preconditioning reduces inflammation by inducing cytoprotective heat shock proteins. We evaluated the role of limb thermal preconditioning in a rabbit model of flexor tendon repair. The treatment groups underwent limb preconditioning by elevating the limb temperature to 41.5 degrees C for 20 minutes. The animals were sacrificed three and six weeks after flexor tendon repair. Heat shock protein72 expression of the treated limb was measured at 18 hours. Macroscopic analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in adhesion formation in the three week treatment group. The inflammatory infiltrate was significantly reduced for both treatment groups. The difference in ultimate tensile strength was not significant. We conclude that thermal preconditioning of the limb before flexor tendon repair decreases inflammation and adhesion formation in a rabbit model and has the potential to improve clinical outcome of flexor tendon surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Healy
- Department of Surgery, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Yogaratnam JZ, Laden G, Guvendik L, Cowen M, Cale A, Griffin S. Can hyperbaric oxygen be used as adjunctive heart failure therapy through the induction of endogenous heat shock proteins? Adv Ther 2007; 24:106-18. [PMID: 17526467 DOI: 10.1007/bf02849998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition that is expected to increase in incidence along with increased life expectancy and an aging population. As the incidence of HF increases, the cost to national healthcare budgets is expected to run into the billions. The costs of lost productivity and increased social reliance on state support must also be considered. Recently, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has come to be seen as the major contributing factor to HF. Although thrombolysis may restore coronary perfusion after an AMI, it may also introduce ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI). In an attempt to ameliorate sustained protein damage caused by IRI, endogenous chaperone proteins known as heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced as a consequence of the stress of IRI. Recently, hyperbaric oxygen has been shown to induce the production of HSPs in noncardiac tissue, with a resultant protective effect. This current opinion review article suggests a possible role for hyperbaric oxygen, as a technologically modern drug, in augmenting the induction of endogenous HSPs to repair and improve the function of failing hearts that have been damaged by AMI and IRI. In addition, this simple, safe, noninvasive drug may prove useful in easing the economic burden of HF on already overextended health resources.
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Liu J, Tsang S, Wong TM. Testosterone is required for delayed cardioprotection and enhanced heat shock protein 70 expression induced by preconditioning. Endocrinology 2006; 147:4569-77. [PMID: 16794012 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning fails to confer immediate cardioprotection in the absence of testosterone, indicating that the hormone is required for the process. Here we set out to determine whether testosterone is also necessary for delayed cardioprotection and, if so, how it acts. Male Sprague Dawley rats (7-8 wk) underwent sham operation or gonadectomy without (G) or with testosterone replacement (GT) for 8 wk. Isolated ventricular myocytes were preconditioned either by metabolic inhibition or with U50,488H, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist. In intact rats, U50,488H was administered systemically and 24 h later the hearts were removed. Ventricular myocytes were then subjected to metabolic inhibition and anoxia and isolated hearts to regional ischemia, followed by reperfusion to induce injury. Both types of preconditioning significantly increased the viability and decreased the lactate dehydrogenase release in ventricular myocytes from sham rats. They also activated heat shock transcription factor-1 and increased heat shock protein 70 expression. In contrast, all these effects were absent in myocytes from G rats and were restored by testosterone replacement. Parallel results were found in isolated hearts. In addition, preconditioning improved contractile functions impaired by ischemic insults in sham and rats gonadectomized with testosterone replacement but not G rats. The effects of testosterone replacement in ventricular myocytes were abolished by androgen receptor blockade. In conclusion, preconditioning requires testosterone to increase heat shock protein 70 synthesis, which mediates delayed cardioprotection in the male. These effects of testosterone are mediated by the androgen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F Laboratory Block, Faculty of Medicine Buildings, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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44
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Niu P, Liu L, Gong Z, Tan H, Wang F, Yuan J, Feng Y, Wei Q, Tanguay RM, Wu T. Overexpressed heat shock protein 70 protects cells against DNA damage caused by ultraviolet C in a dose-dependent manner. Cell Stress Chaperones 2006; 11:162-9. [PMID: 16817322 PMCID: PMC1484517 DOI: 10.1379/csc-175r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) comprises proteins that have been reported to protect cells, tissues, and organisms against damage from a wide variety of stressful stimuli; however, little is known about whether Hsp70 protects against DNA damage. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Hsp70 expression and the levels of ultraviolet C (UVC)-induced DNA damage in A549 cells with normal, inhibited, and overexpressed Hsp70 levels. Hsp70 expression was inhibited by treatment with quercetin or overexpressed by transfection of plasmids harboring the hsp70 gene. The level of DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay. The results showed that the levels of DNA damage (shown as the percentage of comet cells) in A549 cells increased in all cells after exposure to an incident dose of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 J/m2 whether Hsp70 was inhibited or overexpressed. This response was dose dependent: a protection against UVC-induced DNA damage in cells with overexpressed Hsp70 was observed at UVC dose 20 J/m2 with a maximum at 40 J/m2 when compared with cells with normal Hsp70 levels and in quercetin-treated cells. This differential protection disappeared at 80 J/m2. These results suggest that overexpressed Hsp70 might play a role in protecting A549 cells from DNA damage caused by UVC irradiation, with a threshold of protection from at UVC irradiation-induced DNA damage by Hsp70. The detailed mechanism how Hsp70 is involved in DNA damage and possible DNA repair warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piye Niu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and The Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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45
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Kim YK, Suarez J, Hu Y, McDonough PM, Boer C, Dix DJ, Dillmann WH. Deletion of the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein genes in mice impairs cardiac contractile function and calcium handling associated with hypertrophy. Circulation 2006; 113:2589-97. [PMID: 16735677 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.598409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hspa1a and Hspa1b genes encode stress-inducible 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70) that protect cells from insults such as ischemia. Mice with null mutations of both genes (KO) were generated, and their cardiac phenotype was explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Heart rate and blood pressures were normal in the KO mice. Hearts from KO mice were more susceptible to both functional and cellular damage by ischemia/reperfusion. Cardiac hypertrophy developed in Hsp70-KO mice. Ca2+ transients in cardiomyocytes of KO mice showed a delayed (120%) calcium decline and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content. Cell shortening was decreased by 35%, and rates of contraction and relaxation were slower by 40%. These alterations can be attributed to the absence of Hsp70 because viral expression of Hsp70 in KO cultured cardiomyocytes restored these parameters. One mechanism underlying myocyte dysfunction could be decreased SERCA2a expression. This hypothesis was supported by a prolonged calcium decline and decreased SERCA2a protein. Viral SERCA2a expression restored contractility and Ca2+ transients. We examined the involvement of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK), Raf-1, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in SERCA2a downregulation and the cardiac phenotype of KO mice. Levels of phosphorylated JNK, p38-MAPK, Raf-1, and ERK were elevated in KO hearts. Activation of the Raf-1-ERK pathway in normal cardiomyocytes resulted in decreased SERCA2a. CONCLUSIONS Absence of Hsp70 leads to dysfunctional cardiomyocytes and impaired stress response of Hsp70-KO hearts against ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, deletion of Hsp70 genes might induce cardiac dysfunction and development of cardiac hypertrophy through the activation of JNK, p38-MAPK, Raf-1, and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0618, USA
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46
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Abstract
Many biological functions of heme oxygenase (HO), such as cytoprotection against oxidative stress, vasodilation, neurotransmission in the central or peripheral nervous systems, and anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, or anti-proliferative potential, have been attributed to its enzymatic byproduct carbon monoxide (CO), although roles for biliverdin/bilirubin and iron have also been proposed. In addition to these well-characterized effects, recent findings reveal that HO-derived CO may act as an oxygen sensor and circadian modulator of heme biosynthesis. In lymphocytes, CO may participate in regulatory T cell function. A number of the known signaling effects of CO depend on stimulation of soluble guanylate cyclase and/or activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Furthermore, modulation of caveolin-1 status may serve as an essential component of certain aspects of CO action, such as growth control. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the beneficial or detrimental effects of endogenous CO with an emphasis on the signaling pathways and downstream targets that trigger the action of this gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pyo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Horn S, Lueking A, Murphy D, Staudt A, Gutjahr C, Schulte K, König A, Landsberger M, Lehrach H, Felix SB, Cahill DJ. Profiling humoral autoimmune repertoire of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and development of a disease-associated protein chip. Proteomics 2006; 6:605-13. [PMID: 16419013 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200401293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a myocardial disease characterized by progressive depression of myocardial contractile function and ventricular dilatation. Thirty percent of DCM patients belong to the inherited genetic form; the rest may be idiopathic, viral, autoimmune, or immune-mediated associated with a viral infection. Disturbances in humoral and cellular immunity have been described in cases of myocarditis and DCM. A number of autoantibodies against cardiac cell proteins have been identified in DCM. In this study, we have profiled the autoantibody repertoire of plasma from DCM patients against a human protein array consisting of 37,200 redundant, recombinant human proteins and performed qualitative and quantitative validation of these putative autoantigens on protein microarrays to identify novel putative DCM specific autoantigens. In addition to analyzing the whole IgG autoantibody repertoire, we have also analyzed the IgG3 antibody repertoire in the plasma samples to study the characteristics of IgG3 subclass antibodies. By combining screening of a protein expression library with protein microarray technology, we have detected 26 proteins identified by the IgG antibody repertoire and 6 proteins bound by the IgG3 subclass. Several of these autoantibodies found in plasma of DCM patients, such as the autoantibody against the Kv channel-interacting protein, are associated with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Horn
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Maulaz A, Piechowski-Józwiak B, Michel P, Bogousslavsky J. Selecting Patients for Early Stroke Treatment with Penumbra Images. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005; 20 Suppl 2:19-24. [PMID: 16327250 DOI: 10.1159/000089353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Review of results of experimental and clinical studies indicates that the area of physiologically impaired, but potentially salvageable, tissue surrounding the central core of focal cerebral ischemia that develops shortly after onset of vessel occlusion is complex and dynamic with severity and duration thresholds for hypoxic stress and injury that are specific to tissue site, cell type, molecular pathway or gene expression investigated, and efficiency of collateral or residual flow and reperfusion. Identification of this ischemic penumbra in the acute stroke clinical setting is an important goal for stroke researchers and clinicians. Recent advances in neuroimaging allowed a better understanding of this physiopathological process. However, there is not a perfect penumbra imaging technique and each one has its own advantages and disadvantages. Numerous thrombolytic and potentially neuroprotective agents have been studied in stroke patients, with little success, as the only approved therapy is thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 3 h of stroke onset in highly selected patients (<10% of all acute stroke patients in some specialized centers). One major obstacle in the development of effective therapies for ischemic stroke has been the lack of versatile imaging techniques. The development of penumbra concept and its detection through modern cerebral image techniques can extend the patients' selection for thrombolysis. A number of multicenter clinical trials are now under way to test these models and confirm the utility of penumbra imaging for treatment decisions. Present knowledge about visualization of the salvageable penumbra suggests a promising future in which penumbra imaging studies are performed routinely in the acute stroke setting and the data provided by these studies assist in individualizing therapeutic decisions and identifying effective therapies that can be delivered at late time points. So, the main target of management is 'penumbra', or salvageable tissue, which is primarily dependent upon the expediency of the whole process, better expressed by the phrase 'Penumbra (and not Time) is Brain'.
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Kim HP, Wang X, Zhang J, Suh GY, Benjamin IJ, Ryter SW, Choi AMK. Heat shock protein-70 mediates the cytoprotective effect of carbon monoxide: involvement of p38 beta MAPK and heat shock factor-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:2622-9. [PMID: 16081837 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), a product of heme oxygenase activity, exerts antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory effects of CO involve the inhibition of TNF-alpha expression and the enhancement of IL-10 production, resulting in reduced mortality after endotoxin challenge. In this study we demonstrate for the first time that the protective effects of CO involve the increased expression of the 70-kDa inducible heat shock protein (Hsp70) in murine lung endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The p38beta MAPK mediated the effects of CO on cytoprotection and Hsp70 regulation. Suppression of Hsp70 expression and/or genetic deletion of heat shock factor-1, the principle transcriptional regulator of Hsp70, attenuated the cytoprotective and immunomodulatory effects of CO in mouse lung cells and in vivo. These data provide a novel mechanism for the protective effects of CO and underscore a potential application of this gaseous molecule in anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pyo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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50
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Voss MR, Gupta S, Stice JP, Baumgarten G, Lu L, Tristan JM, Knowlton AA. Effect of mutation of amino acids 246-251 (KRKHKK) in HSP72 on protein synthesis and recovery from hypoxic injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H2519-25. [PMID: 16100242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00872.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP)72, the inducible form of HSP70, protects cells against a variety of injuries, but underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. To investigate the protective effects of HSP72, multiple clones expressing wild-type (WT) HSP72 and two mutants with defective nucleolar and nuclear localization (M45 and 985A, respectively) were made with the tet-off system in C2C12 cells. Four different parameters of cell function/injury were examined after simulated ischemia: protein synthesis, polysome formation, DNA synthesis, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH release). Overexpression of WT HSP72 was also compared to nontransfected C2C12 cells. As expected, overexpression of HSP72 protected against simulated ischemia and reoxygenation for all parameters. In contrast, both M45 and 985A showed abnormal protein synthesis and polysome formation, both after simulated ischemia and under control conditions. Total RNA was slightly reduced in M45 and 985A at baseline, but 1 h after hypoxia, RNA levels were protected in all clones but significantly decreased in nontransfected C2C12 cells. Clones expressing 985A had nuclear retention of mRNA, suggesting that HSP72 is needed for nuclear export of RNA. All clones, both WT and mutant, had protection of DNA synthesis compared to C2C12 cells, but 985A had greater release of LDH after injury than any other group. These results support a multifactoral protective effect of HSP72, some aspects dependent on nuclear localization with stress and some not. The protection of protein synthesis and polysome formation, and abnormalities in these with the mutants, support a role for HSP72 in these processes both in the normal cell and in injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Voss
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Genomics and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Rm. 6317, Univ. of California, Davis, 451 East Health Sciences Way, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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