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Bell JA, Davies ER, Brereton CJ, Vukmirovic M, Roberts JJW, Lunn K, Wickens L, Conforti F, Ridley RA, Ceccato J, Sayer LN, Johnston DA, Vallejo AF, Alzetani A, Jogai S, Marshall BG, Fabre A, Richeldi L, Monk PD, Skipp P, Kaminski N, Offer E, Wang Y, Davies DE, Jones MG. Spatial transcriptomic validation of a biomimetic model of fibrosis enables re-evaluation of a therapeutic antibody targeting LOXL2. Cell Rep Med 2024:101695. [PMID: 39173635 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Matrix stiffening by lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2)-mediated collagen cross-linking is proposed as a core feedforward mechanism that promotes fibrogenesis. Failure in clinical trials of simtuzumab (the humanized version of AB0023, a monoclonal antibody against human LOXL2) suggested that targeting LOXL2 may not have disease relevance; however, target engagement was not directly evaluated. We compare the spatial transcriptome of active human lung fibrogenesis sites with different human cell culture models to identify a disease-relevant model. Within the selected model, we then evaluate AB0023, identifying that it does not inhibit collagen cross-linking or reduce tissue stiffness, nor does it inhibit LOXL2 catalytic activity. In contrast, it does potently inhibit angiogenesis consistent with an alternative, non-enzymatic mechanism of action. Thus, AB0023 is anti-angiogenic but does not inhibit LOXL2 catalytic activity, collagen cross-linking, or tissue stiffening. These findings have implications for the interpretation of the lack of efficacy of simtuzumab in clinical trials of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Bell
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J Brereton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Milica Vukmirovic
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Leanne Wickens
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Franco Conforti
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Robert A Ridley
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Ceccato
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucy N Sayer
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - David A Johnston
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andres F Vallejo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Alzetani
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Sanjay Jogai
- University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Ben G Marshall
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Aurelie Fabre
- Department of Histopathology, St. Vincent's University Hospital & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luca Richeldi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paul Skipp
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK; University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Offer
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Edge, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Donna E Davies
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G Jones
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, SO16 6YD Southampton, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, UK.
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2
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Boothe PF, Kumar VP, Kong Y, Wang K, Levinson H, Mu D, Brown ML. Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis (RISF): Opportunity for Angiotensin II-Dependent Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8261. [PMID: 39125831 PMCID: PMC11312688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medical procedures, such as radiation therapy, are a vital element in treating many cancers, significantly contributing to improved survival rates. However, a common long-term complication of such exposure is radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF), a complex condition that poses substantial physical and psychological challenges. Notably, about 50% of patients undergoing radiation therapy may achieve long-term remission, resulting in a significant number of survivors managing the aftereffects of their treatment. This article delves into the intricate relationship between RISF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. It proposes the underlying mechanisms and examines potential treatments for mitigating skin fibrosis. The primary goal is to offer essential insights in order to better care for and improve the quality of life of cancer survivors who face the risk of developing RISF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia F. Boothe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Vidya P. Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Yali Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Howard Levinson
- The Center for Plastic Surgery at Sentara, 301 Riverview Ave. #400, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA;
| | - David Mu
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Milton L. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, Macon & Joan Brock Virginia Health Sciences at Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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3
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Zhou T, Lin L, Zhan Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Wu M, Xue D, Chen L, Weng X, Huang Z. Bortezomib restrains M2 polarization and reduces CXCL16-associated CXCR6 +CD4 T cell chemotaxis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Med 2024; 30:70. [PMID: 38789926 PMCID: PMC11127379 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00836-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of pulmonary fibrosis involves a cascade of events, in which inflammation mediated by immune cells plays a pivotal role. Chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to have dual effects on fibrosis, with bleomycin exacerbating pulmonary fibrosis and bortezomib alleviating tissue fibrotic processes. Understanding the intricate interplay between chemotherapeutic drugs, immune responses, and pulmonary fibrosis is likely to serve as the foundation for crafting tailored therapeutic strategies. METHODS A model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was established, followed by treatment with bortezomib. Tissue samples were collected for analysis of immune cell subsets and functional assessment by flow cytometry and in vitro cell experiments. Additionally, multi-omics analysis was conducted to further elucidate the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, as well as the characteristics of cell populations. RESULTS Here, we observed that the expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 was elevated in the lung tissue of a pulmonary fibrosis model. In the context of pulmonary fibrosis or TGF-β1 stimulation in vitro, macrophages exhibited an M2-polarized phenotype and secreted more CXCL16 than those of the control group. Moreover, flow cytometry revealed increased expression levels of CD69 and CXCR6 in pulmonary CD4 T cells during fibrosis progression. The administration of bortezomib alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, accompanied by reduced ratio of M2-polarized macrophages and decreased accumulation of CD4 T cells expressing CXCR6. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insights into the key immune players involved in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and offer preclinical evidence supporting the repurposing strategy and combination approaches to reduce lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yawen Zhan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Xue
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiufang Weng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Zhenghui Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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4
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Reddy KD, Bizymi N, Schweikert A, Ananth S, Lim CX, Lodge KM, Joannes A, Ubags N, van der Does AM, Cloonan SM, Mailleux A, Mansouri N, Reynaert NL, Heijink IH, Cuevas-Ocaña S. ERS International Congress 2023: highlights from the Basic and Translational Sciences Assembly. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00875-2023. [PMID: 38686182 PMCID: PMC11057505 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00875-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Early career members of Assembly 3 (Basic and Translational Sciences) of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) summarise the key messages discussed during six selected sessions that took place at the ERS International Congress 2023 in Milan, Italy. Aligned with the theme of the congress, the first session covered is "Micro- and macro-environments and respiratory health", which is followed by a summary of the "Scientific year in review" session. Next, recent advances in experimental methodologies and new technologies are discussed from the "Tissue modelling and remodelling" session and a summary provided of the translational science session, "What did you always want to know about omics analyses for clinical practice?", which was organised as part of the ERS Translational Science initiative's aims. The "Lost in translation: new insights into cell-to-cell crosstalk in lung disease" session highlighted how next-generation sequencing can be integrated with laboratory methods, and a final summary of studies is presented from the "From the transcriptome landscape to innovative preclinical models in lung diseases" session, which links the transcriptome landscape with innovative preclinical models. The wide range of topics covered in the selected sessions and the high quality of the research discussed demonstrate the strength of the basic and translational science being presented at the international respiratory conference organised by the ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karosham Diren Reddy
- Epigenetics of Chronic Lung Disease Group, Forschungszentrum Borstel Leibniz Lungenzentrum, Borstel, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Nikoleta Bizymi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Anja Schweikert
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sachin Ananth
- London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Clarice X. Lim
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Health, Clinic Penzing, Vienna, Austria
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Katharine M. Lodge
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Audrey Joannes
- Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) – UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Niki Ubags
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne M. van der Does
- PulmoScience Lab, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M. Cloonan
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biosciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnaud Mailleux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et épidémiologie des maladies respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Nahal Mansouri
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Cuevas-Ocaña
- Biodiscovery Institute, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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van Straalen KR, Ma F, Tsou PS, Plazyo O, Gharaee-Kermani M, Calbet M, Xing X, Sarkar MK, Uppala R, Harms PW, Wasikowski R, Nahlawi L, Nakamura M, Eshaq M, Wang C, Dobry C, Kozlow JH, Cherry-Bukowiec J, Brodie WD, Wolk K, Uluçkan Ö, Mattichak MN, Pellegrini M, Modlin RL, Maverakis E, Sabat R, Kahlenberg JM, Billi AC, Tsoi LC, Gudjonsson JE. Single-cell sequencing reveals Hippo signaling as a driver of fibrosis in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169225. [PMID: 38051587 PMCID: PMC10836805 DOI: 10.1172/jci169225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by abscesses, nodules, dissecting/draining tunnels, and extensive fibrosis. Here, we integrate single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and immunostaining to provide an unprecedented view of the pathogenesis of chronic HS, characterizing the main cellular players and defining their interactions. We found a striking layering of the chronic HS infiltrate and identified the contribution of 2 fibroblast subtypes (SFRP4+ and CXCL13+) in orchestrating this compartmentalized immune response. We further demonstrated the central role of the Hippo pathway in promoting extensive fibrosis in HS and provided preclinical evidence that the profibrotic fibroblast response in HS can be modulated through inhibition of this pathway. These data provide insights into key aspects of HS pathogenesis with broad therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Mehrnaz Gharaee-Kermani
- Department of Dermatology and
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marta Calbet
- Almirall SA, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Paul W. Harms
- Department of Dermatology and
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Cong Wang
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jill Cherry-Bukowiec
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William D. Brodie
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Interdisciplinary group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Özge Uluçkan
- Almirall SA, R&D Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Megan N. Mattichak
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Robert Sabat
- Interdisciplinary group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Dermatology and
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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6
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Russo RC, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B. Homeostatic chemokines as putative therapeutic targets in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:1014-1030. [PMID: 37951789 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) that affects lung mechanical functions and gas exchange. IPF is caused by increased fibroblast activity and collagen deposition that compromise the alveolar-capillary barrier. Identifying an effective therapy for IPF remains a clinical challenge. Chemokines are key proteins in cell communication that have functions in immunity as well as in tissue homeostasis, damage, and repair. Chemokine receptor signaling induces the activation and proliferation of lung-resident cells, including alveolar macrophages (AMs) and fibroblasts. AMs are an important source of chemokines and cytokines during IPF. We highlight the complexity of this system and, based on insights from genetic and transcriptomic studies, propose a new role for homeostatic chemokine imbalance in IPF, with implications for putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remo C Russo
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Mechanics, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Valerie F J Quesniaux
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7355, University of Orleans, Orleans 45071, France.
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7355, University of Orleans, Orleans 45071, France.
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7
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Gao Y, Yang Z, He K, Wang Z, Zhang T, Yi J, Zhao L. Voluntary wheel-running improved pulmonary fibrosis by reducing epithelial mesenchymal transformation. Life Sci 2023; 331:122066. [PMID: 37666388 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis seriously affects the health and life quality of patients. Exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its effect on pulmonary fibrosis is unclear. In this study, the effect and mechanism of exercise on pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat were detected. MAIN METHODS Three data sets were retrieved from GEO data. The biological significance of DEGs generation was determined by GO, KEGG, GSEA, and PPI. Thirty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and exercise group. H&E staining, Masson staining, Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to explore the results. The levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, and GSH in lung tissue were analyzed with detection kits. The levels of inflammatory factors in serum and BALF were measured by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the control group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrotic lesions were increased in the model group. Compared with the model group, voluntary wheel-running reducing the EMT of alveolar epithelial cells, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the level of oxidative distress. Moreover, compared to model group, the serum IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ were increased, while the serum CXCL1 were decreased, while the levels of CXCL1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were decreased in exercise group. SIGNIFICANCE Voluntary wheel-running reduced inflammatory infiltration and upregulated the expression of antioxidative distress proteins, further to improve the degree of EMT, and ultimately alleviated paraquat induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoyun Yang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Kang He
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Lijing Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
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8
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Seth P, Dubey S. IL-22 as a target for therapeutic intervention: Current knowledge on its role in various diseases. Cytokine 2023; 169:156293. [PMID: 37441942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 has emerged as a crucial cytokine mediating protective response against pathogens and tissue regeneration. Dysregulated production of IL-22 has been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases like malignant tumours, viral, cardiovascular, allergic and autoimmune disorders. Interleukin 22 belongs to IFN-IL-10 cytokine family. It is a major proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated Th1 cells (Th22), though can also be secreted by many other immune cells like group 3 innate lymphocytes, γδ T cells, NK cells, NK T cells, and mucosal associated invariant T cells. Th22 cells exclusively release IL-22 but not IL-17 or IFN-γ (as Th1 cells releases IFN-γ along with IL-22 and Th17 cells releases IL-17 along with IL-22) and also express aryl hydrocarbon receptor as the key transcription factor. Th22 cells also exhibit expression of chemokine receptor CCR6 and skin-homing receptors CCR4 and CCR10 indicating the involvement of this subset in bolstering epithelial barrier immunity and promoting secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from intestinal epithelial cells. The function of IL-22 is modulated by IL-22 binding protein (binds to IL-22 and inhibits it binding to its cell surface receptor); which serves as a competitor for IL-22R1 chain of IL-22 receptor. The pathogenic and protective nature of the Th22 cells is modulated both by the site of infected tissue and the type of disease pathology. This review aims to discuss key features of IL-22 biology, comparisons between IL and 22 and IFN-γ and its role as a potential immune therapy target in different maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Seth
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India.
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9
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Cucinotta L, Mannino D, Casili G, Repici A, Crupi L, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Campolo M. Prolyl oligopeptidase inhibition ameliorates experimental pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. Respir Res 2023; 24:211. [PMID: 37626373 PMCID: PMC10463606 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease characterized by lung remodeling due to excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Although the etiology remains unknown, aberrant angiogenesis and inflammation play an important role in the development of this pathology. In this context, recent scientific research has identified new molecules involved in angiogenesis and inflammation, such as the prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP), a proteolytic enzyme belonging to the serine protease family, linked to the pathology of many lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a selective inhibitor of PREP, known as KYP-2047, in an in vitro and in an in vivo model of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The in vitro model was performed using human alveolar A549 cells. Cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 μg/ml and then, cells were treated with KYP-2047 at the concentrations of 1 μM, 10 μM and 50 μM. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) bromide colorimetric assay, while inflammatory protein expression was assessed by western blots analysis. The in vivo model was induced in mice by intra-tracheal administration of bleomycin (1 mg/kg) and then treated intraperitoneally with KYP-2047 at doses of 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg once daily for 12 days and then mice were sacrificed, and lung tissues were collected for analyses. RESULTS The in vitro results demonstrated that KYP-2047 preserved cell viability, reduced inflammatory process by decreasing IL-18 and TNF-α, and modulated lipid peroxidation as well as nitrosative stress. The in vivo pulmonary fibrosis has demonstrated that KYP-2047 was able to restore histological alterations reducing lung injury. Our data demonstrated that KYP-2047 significantly reduced angiogenesis process and the fibrotic damage modulating the expression of fibrotic markers. Furthermore, KYP-2047 treatment modulated the IκBα/NF-κB pathway and reduced the expression of related pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines. Moreover, KYP-2047 was able to modulate the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, highly involved in pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrated the involvement of PREP in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and that its inhibition by KYP-2047 has a protective role in lung injury induced by BLM, suggesting PREP as a potential target therapy for pulmonary fibrosis. These results speculate the potential protective mechanism of KYP-2047 through the modulation of JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cucinotta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Lelio Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 7 Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 31-98166, Messina, Italy
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10
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Wang R, Yang YM. Identification of potential biomarkers for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and validation of TDO2 as a potential therapeutic target. World J Cardiol 2023; 15:293-308. [PMID: 37397828 PMCID: PMC10308271 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v15.i6.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease with a high mortality rate. On this basis, exploring potential therapeutic targets to meet the unmet needs of IPF patients is important.
AIM To explore novel hub genes for IPF therapy.
METHODS Here, we used public datasets to identify differentially expressed genes between IPF patients and healthy donors. Potential targets were considered based on multiple bioinformatics analyses, especially the correlation between hub genes and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide, forced vital capacity, and patient survival rate. The mRNA levels of the hub genes were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS We found that TDO2 was upregulated in IPF patients and predicted poor prognosis. Surprisingly, single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis revealed significant enrichment of TDO2 in alveolar fibroblasts, indicating that TDO2 may participate in the regulation of proliferation and survival. Therefore, we verified the upregulated expression of TDO2 in an experimental mouse model of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, the results showed that a TDO2 inhibitor effectively suppressed TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation. These findings suggest that TDO2 may be a potential target for IPF treatment. Based on transcription factors-microRNA prediction and scRNA-seq analysis, elevated TDO2 promoted the IPF proliferation of fibroblasts and may be involved in the P53 pathway and aggravate ageing and persistent pulmonary fibrosis.
CONCLUSION We provided new target genes prediction and proposed blocking TGF-β production as a potential treatment for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Mei Yang
- Zhengzhou University, Research Centre of Basic Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
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11
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Kastlmeier MT, Gonzalez-Rodriguez E, Cabanis P, Guenther EM, König AC, Han L, Hauck SM, See F, Asgharpour S, Bukas C, Burgstaller G, Piraud M, Lehmann M, Hatz RA, Behr J, Stoeger T, Hilgendorff A, Voss C. Cytokine signaling converging on IL11 in ILD fibroblasts provokes aberrant epithelial differentiation signatures. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1128239. [PMID: 37266432 PMCID: PMC10230276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1128239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogenous group of lung disorders where destruction and incomplete regeneration of the lung parenchyma often results in persistent architectural distortion of the pulmonary scaffold. Continuous mesenchyme-centered, disease-relevant signaling likely initiates and perpetuates the fibrotic remodeling process, specifically targeting the epithelial cell compartment, thereby destroying the gas exchange area. Methods With the aim of identifying functional mediators of the lung mesenchymal-epithelial crosstalk with potential as new targets for therapeutic strategies, we developed a 3D organoid co-culture model based on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar epithelial type 2 cells that form alveolar organoids in presence of lung fibroblasts from fibrotic-ILD patients, in our study referring to cases of pulmonary fibrosis, as well as control cell line (IMR-90). Results While organoid formation capacity and size was comparable in the presence of fibrotic-ILD or control lung fibroblasts, metabolic activity was significantly increased in fibrotic-ILD co-cultures. Alveolar organoids cultured with fibrotic-ILD fibroblasts further demonstrated reduced stem cell function as reflected by reduced Surfactant Protein C gene expression together with an aberrant basaloid-prone differentiation program indicated by elevated Cadherin 2, Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 and Vimentin transcription. To screen for key mediators of the misguided mesenchymal-to-epithelial crosstalk with a focus on disease-relevant inflammatory processes, we used mass spectrometry and characterized the secretome of end stage fibrotic-ILD lung fibroblasts in comparison to non-chronic lung disease (CLD) patient fibroblasts. Out of the over 2000 proteins detected by this experimental approach, 47 proteins were differentially abundant comparing fibrotic-ILD and non-CLD fibroblast secretome. The fibrotic-ILD secretome profile was dominated by chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL3, and CXCL8, interfering with growth factor signaling orchestrated by Interleukin 11 (IL11), steering fibrogenic cell-cell communication, and proteins regulating extracellular matrix remodeling including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. When in turn treating alveolar organoids with IL11, we recapitulated the co-culture results obtained with primary fibrotic-ILD fibroblasts including changes in metabolic activity. Conclusion We identified mediators likely contributing to the disease-perpetuating mesenchymal-to-epithelial crosstalk in ILD. In our alveolar organoid co-cultures, we were able to highlight the importance of fibroblast-initiated aberrant epithelial differentiation and confirmed IL11 as a key player in fibrotic-ILD pathogenesis by unbiased fibroblast secretome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam T. Kastlmeier
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Erika Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Phoebe Cabanis
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Eva M. Guenther
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine König
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Lianyong Han
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Fenja See
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Sara Asgharpour
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Bukas
- Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Burgstaller
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Piraud
- Helmholtz AI, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps-University Marburg, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf A. Hatz
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Thoraxchirurgie, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- Dr. von Haunersche Children’s Hospital, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University, Member of the German Lung Research Center (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Voss
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich with the CPC-M bioArchive, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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12
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Simón-Fuentes M, Herrero C, Acero-Riaguas L, Nieto C, Lasala F, Labiod N, Luczkowiak J, Alonso B, Delgado R, Colmenares M, Corbí ÁL, Domínguez-Soto Á. TLR7 Activation in M-CSF-Dependent Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophages Potentiates Inflammatory Responses and Prompts Neutrophil Recruitment. J Innate Immun 2023; 15:517-530. [PMID: 37040733 PMCID: PMC10315069 DOI: 10.1159/000530249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is an endosomal pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptor that senses single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) and whose engagement results in the production of type I IFN and pro-inflammatory cytokines upon viral exposure. Recent genetic studies have established that a dysfunctional TLR7-initiated signaling is directly linked to the development of inflammatory responses. We present evidence that TLR7 is preferentially expressed by monocyte-derived macrophages generated in the presence of M-CSF (M-MØ). We now show that TLR7 activation in M-MØ triggers a weak MAPK, NFκB, and STAT1 activation and results in low production of type I IFN. Of note, TLR7 engagement reprograms MAFB+ M-MØ towards a pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile characterized by the expression of neutrophil-attracting chemokines (CXCL1-3, CXCL5, CXCL8), whose expression is dependent on the transcription factors MAFB and AhR. Moreover, TLR7-activated M-MØ display enhanced pro-inflammatory responses and a stronger production of neutrophil-attracting chemokines upon secondary stimulation. As aberrant TLR7 signaling and enhanced pulmonary neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio associate with impaired resolution of virus-induced inflammatory responses, these results suggest that targeting macrophage TLR7 might be a therapeutic strategy for viral infections where monocyte-derived macrophages exhibit a pathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Simón-Fuentes
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrero
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Acero-Riaguas
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Nieto
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatima Lasala
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Alonso
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Colmenares
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Zhang Y, Story M, Yeshitla S, Wang X, Scully RR, Theriot C, Wu H, Ryder VE, Lam CW. Persistent changes in expression of genes involved in inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs of rats exposed to airborne lunar dust. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:139-156. [PMID: 36966416 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2172485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
NASA is currently planning return missions to the Moon for further exploration and research. The Moon is covered by a layer of potentially reactive fine dust, which could pose a toxicological risk of exposure to explorers. To assess this risk, we exposed rats to lunar dust (LD) that was collected during the Apollo14 mission. Rats were exposed to respirable sizes of LD at concentrations of 0, 2.1, 6.8, 20.8, or 60.6 mg/m3 for 4 weeks. One day, and one, four, and thirteen weeks after exposure, we assessed 44,000 gene transcripts and found the expression of 614 genes with known functions were significantly altered in the rats exposed to the 2 higher concentrations of LD, whereas few changes in gene expression were detected in the group exposed to the lowest concentration of LD. Many of the significant changes in gene expression involved genes known to be associated with inflammation or fibrosis. Four genes encoding pro-inflammatory chemokines were analyzed further using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of these genes was altered in a dose- and time-dependent manner and persistently changed in the lungs of the rats exposed to the two higher concentrations of LD. Their expressions are consistent with changes we detected in pulmonary toxicity biomarkers and pathology in these animals during a previous study. Because Apollo-14 LD contains common mineral oxides similar to an Arizona volcanic ash, besides revealing the toxicity of LD, our findings could help elucidate the genomic and molecular mechanisms involved in pulmonary toxicity induced by terrestrial mineral dusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
- NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL, USA
| | - Michael Story
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samrawit Yeshitla
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert R Scully
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Corey Theriot
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Honglu Wu
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valerie E Ryder
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chiu-Wing Lam
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- KBR Toxicology & Environmental Chemistry, Biomedical & Environmental Research Department, Houston, TX, USA
- Dept. of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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14
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Ishida Y, Kuninaka Y, Mukaida N, Kondo T. Immune Mechanisms of Pulmonary Fibrosis with Bleomycin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043149. [PMID: 36834561 PMCID: PMC9958859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and structural remodeling of the lung tissue can significantly impair lung function, often with fatal consequences. The etiology of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is diverse and includes different triggers such as allergens, chemicals, radiation, and environmental particles. However, the cause of idiopathic PF (IPF), one of the most common forms of PF, remains unknown. Experimental models have been developed to study the mechanisms of PF, and the murine bleomycin (BLM) model has received the most attention. Epithelial injury, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), myofibroblast activation, and repeated tissue injury are important initiators of fibrosis. In this review, we examined the common mechanisms of lung wound-healing responses after BLM-induced lung injury as well as the pathogenesis of the most common PF. A three-stage model of wound repair involving injury, inflammation, and repair is outlined. Dysregulation of one or more of these three phases has been reported in many cases of PF. We reviewed the literature investigating PF pathogenesis, and the role of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and matrix feeding in an animal model of BLM-induced PF.
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15
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Zhao T, Wu X, Zhao X, Yao K, Li X, Ni J. Identification and validation of chemokine system-related genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1159856. [PMID: 37122736 PMCID: PMC10140527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Recent studies have demonstrated that chemokines play a vital role in IPF pathogenesis. In the present study, we explored whether the gene signature associated with chemokines could be used as a reliable biological marker for patients with IPF. Methods Chemokine-related differentially expressed genes (CR-DEGs) in IPF and control lung tissue samples were identified using data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A chemokine-related signature of the diagnostic model was established using the LASSO-Cox regression. In addition, unsupervised cluster analysis was conducted using consensus-clustering algorithms. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to calculate immune cell infiltration across patient subgroups. Finally, we established a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and a model of fibroblasts treated with TGFβ1. Expression levels of chemokine-related signature genes were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results We established a chemokine-related eleven-gene signature of a diagnostic model consisting of CXCL2, CCRL2, ARRB1, XCL1, GRK5, PPBP, CCL19, CCL13, CCL11, CXCL6, and CXCL13, which could easily distinguish between IPF patients and controls. Additionally, we identified two subtypes of IPF samples based on chemokine-related gene expression. Pulmonary function parameters and stromal scores were significantly higher in subtype 1 than in subtype 2. Several immune cell types, especially plasma cells and macrophages, differ significantly between the two subtypes. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression levels of Cxcl2 and Ccl2 increased considerably in bleomycin-induced mice. Meanwhile, Arrb1, Ccrl2, Grk5, and Ppbp expression was significantly reduced. Furthermore, multiple chemokine-related genes were altered in TGFβ1 or TNFα-induced fibroblast cells. Conclusions A novel chemokine-related eleven-signature of diagnostic model was developed. These genes are potential biomarkers of IPF and may play essential roles in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xuelei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Kecheng Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Jixiang Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People’s Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The First People’s Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
- *Correspondence: Jixiang Ni,
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Septembre-Malaterre A, Boina C, Douanier A, Gasque P. Deciphering the Antifibrotic Property of Metformin. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244090. [PMID: 36552855 PMCID: PMC9777391 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic progressive and incurable disease leading to organ dysfunction. It is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiating into myofibroblasts. Given the complexity of its pathophysiology, the search for effective treatments for fibrosis is of paramount importance. Metformin, a structural dimethyl analog of the galegine guanide extracted from the "French Lilac" (Fabaceae Galega officinalis), is the most widely used antidiabetic drug, recently recognized for its antifibrotic effects through ill-characterized mechanisms. The in vitro model of TGF-β1-induced fibrosis in human primary pulmonary mesenchymal stem cells (HPMSCs), identified as CD248+ and CD90+ cells, was used to study the effects of metformin extracts. These effects were tested on the expression of canonical MSC differentiation markers, immune/inflammatory factors and antioxidative stress molecules using qRT-PCR (mRNA, miRNA), immunofluorescence and ELISA experiments. Interestingly, metformin is able to reduce/modulate the expression of different actors involved in fibrosis. Indeed, TGF-β1 effects were markedly attenuated by metformin, as evidenced by reduced expression of three collagen types and Acta2 mRNAs. Furthermore, metformin attenuated the effects of TGF-β1 on the expression of PDGF, VEGF, erythropoietin, calcitonin and profibrotic miRs, possibly by controlling the expression of several key TGF/Smad factors. The expression of four major fibrogenic MMPs was also reduced by metformin treatment. In addition, metformin controlled MSC differentiation into lipofibroblasts and osteoblasts and had the ability to restore redox balance via the Nox4/Nrf2, AMP and Pi3K pathways. Overall, these results show that metformin is a candidate molecule for antifibrotic effect and/or aiming to combat the development of chronic inflammatory diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Septembre-Malaterre
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Chailas Boina
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| | - Audrey Douanier
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche, EPI ‘Etudes en Pharmaco-Immunologie’, Université de la Réunion, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
- Laboratoire D’immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la Zone de L’océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion Site Félix Guyon Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis, France
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Komolafe K, Pacurari M. CXC Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Disease and Pharmacological Relevance. Int J Inflam 2022; 2022:4558159. [PMID: 36164329 PMCID: PMC9509283 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4558159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play important roles in the pathophysiology of many diseases by regulating the cellular migration of major inflammatory and immune players. The CXC motif chemokine subfamily is the second largest family, and it is further subdivided into ELR motif CXC (ELR+) and non-ELR motif (ELR-) CXC chemokines, which are effective chemoattractants for neutrophils and lymphocytes/monocytes, respectively. These chemokines and their receptors are expected to have a significant impact on a wide range of lung diseases, many of which have inflammatory or immunological underpinnings. As a result, manipulations of this subfamily of chemokines and their receptors using small molecular agents and other means have been explored for potential therapeutic benefit in the setting of several lung pathologies. Furthermore, encouraging preclinical data has necessitated the progression of a few of these drugs into clinical trials in order to make the most effective use of interventions in the development of viable targeted therapeutics. The current review presents the understanding of the roles of CXC ligands (CXCLs) and their cognate receptors (CXCRs) in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases such as allergic rhinitis, COPD, lung fibrosis, lung cancer, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. The potential therapeutic benefits of pharmacological or other CXCL/CXCR axis manipulations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Komolafe
- RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Maricica Pacurari
- RCMI Center for Health Disparities Research, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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18
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Lee HY, You DJ, Taylor-Just AJ, Linder KE, Atkins HM, Ralph LM, De la Cruz G, Bonner JC. Pulmonary exposure of mice to ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX) suppresses the innate immune response to carbon black nanoparticles and stimulates lung cell proliferation. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:244-259. [PMID: 35704474 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2086651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with respiratory diseases in humans, yet the mechanisms through which PFAS cause susceptibility to inhaled agents is unknown. Herein, we investigated the effects of ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX), an emerging PFAS, on the pulmonary immune response of mice to carbon black nanoparticles (CBNP). We hypothesized that pulmonary exposure to GenX would increase susceptibility to CBNP through suppression of innate immunity. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to vehicle, 4 mg/kg CBNP, 10 mg/kg GenX, or CBNP and GenX by oropharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at 1 and 14 days postexposure for cytokines and total protein. Lung tissue was harvested for histopathology, immunohistochemistry (Ki67 and phosphorylated (p)-STAT3), western blotting (p-STAT3 and p-NF-κB), and qRT-PCR for cytokine mRNAs. RESULTS CBNP increased CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF at both time points evaluated. However, GenX/CBNP co-exposure reduced CBNP-induced CXCL-1 and neutrophils in BALF. Moreover, CXCL-1, CXCL-2 and IL-1β mRNAs were increased by CBNP in lung tissue but reduced by GenX. Western blotting showed that CBNP induced p-NF-κB in lung tissue, while the GenX/CBNP co-exposed group displayed decreased p-NF-κB. Furthermore, mice exposed to GenX or GenX/CBNP displayed increased numbers of BALF macrophages undergoing mitosis and increased Ki67 immunostaining. This was correlated with increased p-STAT3 by western blotting and immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from mice co-exposed to GenX/CBNP. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary exposure to GenX suppressed CBNP-induced innate immune response in the lungs of mice yet promoted the proliferation of macrophages and lung epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Keith E Linder
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lauren M Ralph
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriela De la Cruz
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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19
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Ding L, Tang S, Tang W, Mosley DD, Yu A, Sil D, Romanova S, Bailey KL, Knoell DL, Wyatt TA, Oupický D. Perfluorocarbon Nanoemulsions Enhance Therapeutic siRNA Delivery in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103676. [PMID: 34994102 PMCID: PMC8922118 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Local pulmonary administration of therapeutic siRNA represents a promising approach to the treatment of lung fibrosis, which is currently hampered by inefficient delivery. Development of perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) nanoemulsions as a way of improving the efficiency of pulmonary polycation-based delivery of siRNA is reported. The results show that the polycation/siRNA/PFOB nanoemulsions are capable of efficiently silencing the expression of STAT3 and inhibiting chemokine receptor CXCR4-two validated targets in pulmonary fibrosis. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the nanoemulsions improve mucus penetration and facilitate effective cellular delivery of siRNA. Pulmonary treatment of mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis shows strong inhibition of the progression of the disease and significant prolongation of animal survival. Overall, the study points to a promising local treatment strategy of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Weimin Tang
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Deanna D. Mosley
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care and SleepUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Ao Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Diptesh Sil
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Svetlana Romanova
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care and SleepUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Daren L. Knoell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and ScienceCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Todd A. Wyatt
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care and SleepUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
- Department of EnvironmentalAgricultural and Occupational HealthUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
- Research ServiceDepartment of Veterans Affairs Omaha‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE68105USA
| | - David Oupický
- Center for Drug Delivery and NanomedicineDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of PharmacyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
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20
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Catar RA, Bartosova M, Kawka E, Chen L, Marinovic I, Zhang C, Zhao H, Wu D, Zickler D, Stadnik H, Karczewski M, Kamhieh-Milz J, Jörres A, Moll G, Schmitt CP, Witowski J. Angiogenic Role of Mesothelium-Derived Chemokine CXCL1 During Unfavorable Peritoneal Tissue Remodeling in Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis as Renal Replacement Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821681. [PMID: 35185912 PMCID: PMC8854359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a valuable ‘home treatment’ option, even more so during the ongoing Coronavirus pandemic. However, the long-term use of PD is limited by unfavourable tissue remodelling in the peritoneal membrane, which is associated with inflammation-induced angiogenesis. This appears to be driven primarily through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while the involvement of other angiogenic signaling pathways is still poorly understood. Here, we have identified the crucial contribution of mesothelial cell-derived angiogenic CXC chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) to peritoneal angiogenesis in PD. CXCL1 expression and peritoneal microvessel density were analysed in biopsies obtained by the International Peritoneal Biobank (NCT01893710 at www.clinicaltrials.gov), comparing 13 children with end-stage kidney disease before initiating PD to 43 children on chronic PD. The angiogenic potential of mesothelial cell-derived CXCL1 was assessed in vitro by measuring endothelial tube formation of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) treated with conditioned medium from human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) stimulated to release CXCL1 by treatment with either recombinant IL-17 or PD effluent. We found that the capillary density in the human peritoneum correlated with local CXCL1 expression. Both CXCL1 expression and microvessel density were higher in PD patients than in the age-matched patients prior to initiation of PD. Exposure of HMECs to recombinant CXCL1 or conditioned medium from IL-17-stimulated HPMCs resulted in increased endothelial tube formation, while selective inhibition of mesothelial CXCL1 production by specific antibodies or through silencing of relevant transcription factors abolished the proangiogenic effect of HPMC-conditioned medium. In conclusion, peritoneal mesothelium-derived CXCL1 promotes endothelial tube formation in vitro and associates with peritoneal microvessel density in uremic patients undergoing PD, thus providing novel targets for therapeutic intervention to prolong PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rusan Ali Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Iva Marinovic
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Conghui Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dashan Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zickler
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Honorata Stadnik
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Jörres
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Nephrology, Transplantation and Medical Intensive Care, University Witten/Herdecke, Medical Centre Cologne-Merheim, Cologne, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Guido Moll, , orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-5957; Janusz Witowski, , orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-6027; Claus Peter Schmitt, , orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3332
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Guido Moll, , orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-5957; Janusz Witowski, , orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-6027; Claus Peter Schmitt, , orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3332
| | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- *Correspondence: Guido Moll, , orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-5957; Janusz Witowski, , orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-6027; Claus Peter Schmitt, , orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-3332
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21
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Sivaraj D, Padmanabhan J, Chen K, Henn D, Noishiki C, Trotsyuk AA, Kussie HC, Leeolou MC, Magbual NJ, Andrikopoulos S, Perrault DP, Barrera JA, Januszyk M, Gurtner GC. IQGAP1-mediated mechanical signaling promotes the foreign body response to biomedical implants. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22007. [PMID: 35051300 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms that mediate pathologic foreign body response (FBR) to biomedical implants. The longevity of biomedical implants is limited by the FBR, which leads to implant failure and patient morbidity. Since the specific molecular mechanisms underlying fibrotic responses to biomedical implants have yet to be fully described, there are currently no targeted approaches to reduce pathologic FBR. We utilized proteomics analysis of human FBR samples to identify potential molecular targets for therapeutic inhibition of FBR. We then employed a murine model of FBR to further evaluate the role of this potential target. We performed histological and immunohistochemical analysis on the murine FBR capsule tissue, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cells isolated from the capsules. We identified IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as the most promising of several targets, serving as a central molecular mediator in human and murine FBR compared to control subcutaneous tissue. IQGAP1-deficient mice displayed a significantly reduced FBR compared to wild-type mice as evidenced by lower levels of collagen deposition and maturity. Our scRNA-seq analysis revealed that decreasing IQGAP1 resulted in diminished transcription of mechanotransduction, inflammation, and fibrosis-related genes, which was confirmed on the protein level with immunofluorescent staining. The deficiency of IQGAP1 significantly attenuates FBR by deactivating downstream mechanotransduction signaling, inflammation, and fibrotic pathways. IQGAP1 may be a promising target for rational therapeutic design to mitigate pathologic FBR around biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharshan Sivaraj
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jagannath Padmanabhan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kellen Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dominic Henn
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chikage Noishiki
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Artem A Trotsyuk
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hudson C Kussie
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa C Leeolou
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Noah J Magbual
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sophia Andrikopoulos
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David P Perrault
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Janos A Barrera
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael Januszyk
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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22
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Identification of Impacted Pathways and Transcriptomic Markers as Potential Mediators of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human IGFBP5. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212609. [PMID: 34830489 PMCID: PMC8619832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious disease characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) component overproduction and remodeling. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is a conserved member of the IGFBP family of proteins that is overexpressed in fibrotic tissues and promotes fibrosis. We used RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between primary lung fibroblasts (pFBs) of homozygous (HOMO) transgenic mice expressing human IGFBP5 (hIGFBP5) and wild type mice (WT). The results of the differential expression analysis showed 2819 DEGs in hIGFBP5 pFBs. Functional enrichment analysis confirmed the pro-fibrotic character of IGFBP5 and revealed its impact on fundamental signaling pathways, including cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, AGE-RAGE signaling, calcium signaling, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, to name a few. Noticeably, 7% of the DEGs in hIGFBP5-expressing pFBs are receptors and integrins. Furthermore, hub gene analysis revealed 12 hub genes including Fpr1, Bdkrb2, Mchr1, Nmur1, Cnr2, P2ry14, and Ptger3. Validation assays were performed to complement the RNAseq data. They confirmed significant differences in the levels of the corresponding proteins in cultured pFBs. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism(s) of IGFBP5-associated pulmonary fibrosis through possible receptor interactions that drive fibrosis and tissue remodeling.
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23
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Derseh HB, Perera KUE, Dewage SNV, Stent A, Koumoundouros E, Organ L, Pagel CN, Snibson KJ. Tetrathiomolybdate Treatment Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Angiogenesis and Lung Pathology in a Sheep Model of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:700902. [PMID: 34744706 PMCID: PMC8570673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.700902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic lung disease characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the parenchyma of the lung. Accompanying the fibrotic remodeling, dysregulated angiogenesis has been observed and implicated in the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Copper is known to be required for key processes involved in fibrosis and angiogenesis. We therefore hypothesized that lowering bioavailable serum copper with tetrathiomolybdate could be of therapeutic value for treating pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of tetrathiomolybdate on angiogenesis and fibrosis induced in sheep lung segments infused with bleomycin. Twenty sheep received two fortnightly infusions of either bleomycin (3U), or saline (control) into two spatially separate lung segments. A week after the final bleomycin/saline infusions, sheep were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 10 per group) and received twice-weekly intravenous administrations of either 50 mg tetrathiomolybdate, or sterile saline (vehicle control), for 6 weeks. Vascular density, expressed as the percentage of capillary area to the total area of parenchyma, was determined in lung tissue sections immuno-stained with antibodies against CD34 and collagen type IV. The degree of fibrosis was assessed by histopathology scoring of H&E stained sections and collagen content using Masson's trichrome staining. Lung compliance was measured via a wedged bronchoscope procedure prior to and 7 weeks following final bleomycin infusion. In this large animal model, we show that copper lowering by tetrathiomolybdate chelation attenuates both bleomycin-induced angiogenesis and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, tetrathiomolybdate treatment downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and improved lung function in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Tetrathiomolybdate also suppressed the accumulation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 2 weeks after bleomycin injury. The molecular mechanism(s) underpinning copper modulation of fibrotic pathways is an important area for future investigation, and it represents a potential therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu B Derseh
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sasika N Vithana Dewage
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Stent
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Koumoundouros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise Organ
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles N Pagel
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ken J Snibson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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24
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Hasan HF, Mohmed HK, Galal SM. Scorpion bradykinin potentiating factor mitigates lung damage induced by γ-irradiation in rats: Insights on AngII/ACE/Ang(1-7) axis. Toxicon 2021; 203:58-65. [PMID: 34626598 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this research is to study the mitigating impact of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) found in scorpion Androctonus bicolor venom on irradiation-induced lung damage as a new functional target for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). Male rats were exposed to 7 Gy of γ-radiation as a single dose, with a biweekly intraperitoneal injection of 1 μg/g BPF. Gamma irradiation not only boosted the ACE activity and angiotensin II (Ang II) level, in lung tissue but also significantly depressed the angiotensin (1-7) (Ang (1-7)) that, lead to lung toxicity through a significant elevation of pulmonary levels of CXC-chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nitric oxide (NO) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity with a marked disruption in oxidative stress markers, via a reduction in the level of total thiol (tSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity associated with an elevation in protein carbonyl (PCO) contents. In addition, apoptotic consequences of gamma irradiation were evidenced by raising the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), C-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNK), and cleaved caspase-3. BPF administration leads to ACE inhibition, consequently sustaining decreased Ang II alongside increased Ang (1-7) production. Those sensitive molecules reduce irradiated lung issues. In conclusion, BPF significantly diminished the biochemical and histopathological consequences of radiation through renin-angiotensin system (RAS) control and ACE suppression in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Farouk Hasan
- Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Heba Karam Mohmed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Mohamed Galal
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Li Z, Jiang J, Gao S. Potential of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1/8/10/12 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2021; 15:1302-1309. [PMID: 34260815 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the clinical role of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) family members in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients. METHODS CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL12 expressions in the serum samples of IPAH patients (N=39) and age/gender-matched controls (N=40) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In IPAH patients, clinical features were collected and survival information was documented. RESULTS CXCL1 (P<0.001), CXCL8 (P=0.001), CXCL10 (P<0.001) and CXCL12 (P<0.001) were increased in IPAH patients compared with controls, and receiver's operating characteristic curves showed that their combination was highly correlated with IPAH risk (area under curve: 0.881, 95% confidence interval: 0.805-0.958). Meanwhile, CXCL1 was positively correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (P=0.029) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (HsCRP) (P=0.015); CXCL8 was positively correlated with mPAP (P=0.044) and HsCRP (P=0.018) but negatively correlated with 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance (P=0.029); CXCL10 was positively correlated with mean right artery pressure (P=0.002); and CXCL12 was positively correlated with World Health Organization functional class (P=0.047), mPAP (P=0.009), pulmonary vascular resistance (P=0.004), HsCRP (P=0.003) but negatively correlated with 6MWT distance (P=0.003) in IPAH patients. Moreover, CXCL12 was negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) (P=0.025), while CXCL1, CXCL8 and CXCL10 only showed minor tendencies to be negatively correlated with OS in IPAH patients without statistical significance (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL10 and CXCL12 associate with increased IPAH risk, unfavorable clinical features; besides, CXCL12 correlates with worse OS in IPAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Tang Z, Gao J, Wu J, Zeng G, Liao Y, Song Z, Liang X, Hu J, Hu Y, Liu M, Li N. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate pulmonary fibrosis via regulatory T cell through interaction with macrophage. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:397. [PMID: 34256845 PMCID: PMC8278716 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a growing clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (hucMSC) therapy is being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of PF patients. However, little is known about the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of hucMSC therapy on PF. In this study, the molecular and cellular behavior of hucMSC was investigated in a bleomycin-induced mouse PF model. METHODS The effect of hucMSCs on mouse lung regeneration was determined by detecting Ki67 expression and EdU incorporation in alveolar type 2 (AT2) and lung fibroblast cells. hucMSCs were transfected to express the membrane localized GFP before transplant into the mouse lung. The cellular behavior of hucMSCs in mouse lung was tracked by GFP staining. Single cell RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of hucMSCs on gene expression profiles of macrophages after bleomycin treatment. RESULTS hucMSCs could alleviate collagen accumulation in lung and decrease the mortality of mouse induced by bleomycin. hucMSC transplantation promoted AT2 cell proliferation and inhibited lung fibroblast cell proliferation. By using single cell RNA sequencing, a subcluster of interferon-sensitive macrophages (IFNSMs) were identified after hucMSC infusion. These IFNSMs elevate the secretion of CXCL9 and CXCL10 following hucMSC infusion and recruit more Treg cells to the injured lung. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes a link between hucMSCs, macrophage, Treg, and PF. It provides new insights into how hucMSCs interact with macrophage during the repair process of bleomycin-induced PF and play its immunoregulation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Tang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiao Gao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guifang Zeng
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenkun Song
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Junyuan Hu
- Shenzhen Beike Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Muyun Liu
- National-Local Associated Engineering Laboratory for Personalized Cell Therapy, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nan Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Kisseleva T, Brenner D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:151-166. [PMID: 33128017 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00372-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 802] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis, through which activated myofibroblasts in the liver secrete extracellular matrix proteins that generate the fibrous scar. The primary source of these myofibroblasts are the resident hepatic stellate cells. Clinical and experimental liver fibrosis regresses when the causative agent is removed, which is associated with the elimination of these activated myofibroblasts and resorption of the fibrous scar. Understanding the mechanisms of liver fibrosis regression could identify new therapeutic targets to treat liver fibrosis. This Review summarizes studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the reversibility of liver fibrosis, including apoptosis and the inactivation of hepatic stellate cells, the crosstalk between the liver and the systems that orchestrate the recruitment of bone marrow-derived macrophages (and other inflammatory cells) driving fibrosis resolution, and the interactions between various cell types that lead to the intracellular signalling that induces fibrosis or its regression. We also discuss strategies to target hepatic myofibroblasts (for example, via apoptosis or inactivation) and the myeloid cells that degrade the matrix (for example, via their recruitment to fibrotic liver) to facilitate fibrosis resolution and liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Liao J, Zhang Z, Yuan Q, Liu Q, Kuang J, Fang Y, Hu X. A lncRNA Gpr137b-ps/miR-200a-3p/CXCL14 axis modulates hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Toxicol Lett 2021; 336:21-31. [PMID: 33069761 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the wound healing response upon the liver tissue damage caused by multiple stimuli. Targeting activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells within the damaged liver, has been regarded as one of the main treatments for hepatic fibrosis. In the present study, we performed preliminary bioinformatics analysis attempting to identify possible factors related to hepatic fibrosis and found that lncRNA G protein-coupled receptor 137B (Gpr137b-ps) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CXCL14) showed to be markedly upregulated within carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-caused hepatic fibrotic mice tissue samples and activated HSCs. CXCL14 The silencing of lncRNA Gpr137b-ps or CXCL14 alone could significantly improve CCl4-induced fibrotic changes in mice liver in vivo and collagen I and III release by HSCs and HSC proliferation in vitro. miR-200a-3p directly targeted lncRNA Gpr137b-ps and CXCL14, respectively. LncRNA Gpr137b-ps relieved miR-200a-3p-induced inhibition on CXCL14 expression via acting as a ceRNA. In HSCs, the effects of lncRNA Gpr137b-ps silencing on collagen I and III release by HSCs and HSC proliferation were significantly reversed by miR-200a-3p inhibition, and the effects of miR-200a-3p inhibition were reversed by CXCL14 silencing. In conclusion, we demonstrated a lncRNA Gpr137b-ps/miR-200a-3p/CXCL14 axis that modulates HSC activation and might exert an effect on the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmao Liao
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Kuang
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Hu
- Department of Hepatopathy, The Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China.
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Pulmonary toxicants and fibrosis: innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115272. [PMID: 33031836 PMCID: PMC9960630 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by destruction and remodeling of the lung due to an accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in the tissue. This results in progressive irreversible decreases in lung capacity, impaired gas exchange and eventually, hypoxemia. A number of inhaled and systemic toxicants including bleomycin, silica, asbestos, nanoparticles, mustard vesicants, nitrofurantoin, amiodarone, and ionizing radiation have been identified. In this article, we review the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and mediators they release in the pathogenesis of fibrotic pathologies induced by pulmonary toxicants. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying fibrogenesis may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for patients with these debilitating and largely irreversible chronic diseases.
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30
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Kameda M, Otsuka M, Chiba H, Kuronuma K, Hasegawa T, Takahashi H, Takahashi H. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11; biomarkers of pulmonary inflammation associated with autoimmunity in patients with collagen vascular diseases-associated interstitial lung disease and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241719. [PMID: 33137121 PMCID: PMC7605704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by varying degrees of lung inflammation and/or fibrosis. We investigated biomarkers to infer whether patients with collagen vascular diseases associated ILD (CVD–ILD) and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) benefit from immunosuppressive therapy. Materials and methods We retrospectively investigated patients with CVD–ILD, IPAF, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) between June 2013 and May 2017 at our department. First, we assessed differences in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of cytokines between groups. Second, we assessed the associations of patient’s clinical variables with serum and BALF levels of those cytokines that were different between groups. Finally, we assessed the associations of diagnosis and response to immunosuppressive therapy with serum levels of those cytokines that were different between groups. Results We included 102 patients (51 with IPF, 35 with IPAF, and 16 with CVD–ILD). Serum and BALF levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were significantly elevated in patients with IPAF or CVD–ILD compared with those in patients with IPF. BALF levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were correlated with the percentages of lymphocytes and macrophages in BALF. Serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 were correlated with BALF levels. Serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were correlated C-reactive protein, percent predicted forced vital capacity, alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, and the percentages of lymphocytes and macrophages in BALF. Serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 showed moderate accuracy to distinguish patients with CVD–ILD from those with IPAF and IPF. Pre-treatment serum levels of CXCL9 and CXCL11 showed strong positive correlations with the annual forced vital capacity changes in patients with IPAF and CVD–ILD treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Conclusions Serum CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are potential biomarkers for autoimmune inflammation and predictors of the immunosuppressive therapy responses in ILD with background autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Kameda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Otsuka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sapporo-Kosei General Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Koji Kuronuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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31
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Fibroblast Heterogeneity in and Its Implications for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Basic Science Review. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2927. [PMID: 32766071 PMCID: PMC7339369 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts’ integral role in tissue development, maintenance, and disease represents a fast-growing field of basic science research. Although fibroblasts were long thought to be a homogeneous cell population, recent research has illuminated the unforeseen complexity of these cells, giving rise to the rapidly expanding research field of “fibroblast heterogeneity.” Fibroblasts play a critical role in states of tissue fibrosis such as skin scarring, which affects hundreds of millions of patients annually and causes severe aesthetic, developmental, and functional morbidity. Beyond scarring, major organ fibrosis is an enormous public health concern responsible for nearly half of all deaths in the United States. Because fibrosis is a conserved response to tissue damage in all organs, the study of fibroblasts throughout the body may help us to understand their role in the conditions most relevant to plastic and reconstructive surgery—for instance, skin scarring (eg, from burns, traumatic lacerations, or surgical incisions), “pathological” scarring (hypertrophic scars, keloids), and capsular contracture. Here, we present a basic science review of fibroblast heterogeneity in wound healing, cancer, organ fibrosis, and human dermal architecture. The field of fibroblast heterogeneity is young, and many of the insights discussed have yet to be translated clinically. However, plastic surgeons stand in a unique position to bridge these discoveries into clinical realities. We hope this information can spur readers to consider both what questions in plastic surgery can be studied from the lens of fibroblast heterogeneity, and how these preclinical insights can be translated to improving care of our patients.
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Mori H, Ishibashi T, Inagaki T, Okazawa M, Masaki T, Asano R, Manabe Y, Ohta-Ogo K, Narazaki M, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Kumanogoh A, Nakaoka Y. Pristane/Hypoxia (PriHx) Mouse as a Novel Model of Pulmonary Hypertension Reflecting Inflammation and Fibrosis. Circ J 2020; 84:1163-1172. [PMID: 32522898 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), particularly connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH), is a progressive disease and novel therapeutic agents based on the specific molecular pathogenesis are desired. In the pathogenesis of CTD-PAH, inflammation, immune cell abnormality, and fibrosis play important roles. However, the existing mouse pulmonary hypertension (PH) models do not reflect these features enough. The relationship between inflammation and hypoxia is still unclear.Methods and Results:Intraperitoneal administration of pristane, a kind of mineral oil, and exposure to chronic hypoxia were combined, and this model is referred to as pristane/hypoxia (PriHx) mice. Hemodynamic and histological analyses showed that the PriHx mice showed a more severe phenotype of PH than pristane or hypoxia alone. Immunohistological and flow cytometric analyses revealed infiltration of immune cells, including hemosiderin-laden macrophages and activated CD4+helper T lymphocytes in the lungs of PriHx mice. Pristane administration exacerbated lung fibrosis and elevated the expression of fibrosis-related genes. Inflammation-related genes such asIl6andCxcl2were also upregulated in the lungs of PriHx mice, and interleukin (IL)-6 blockade by monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody MR16-1 ameliorated PH of PriHx mice. CONCLUSIONS A PriHx model, a novel mouse model of PH reflecting the pathological features of CTD-PAH, was developed through a combination of pristane administration and exposure to chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Mori
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomohiko Ishibashi
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Makoto Okazawa
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takeshi Masaki
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryotaro Asano
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute.,Department of Advanced Medical Research for Pulmonary Hypertension, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Yusuke Manabe
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Keiko Ohta-Ogo
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Masashi Narazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshikazu Nakaoka
- Department of Vascular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Chang X, Xing L, Wang Y, Yang CX, He YJ, Zhou TJ, Gao XD, Li L, Hao HP, Jiang HL. Monocyte-derived multipotent cell delivered programmed therapeutics to reverse idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba3167. [PMID: 32518825 PMCID: PMC7253157 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a highly heterogeneous and fatal disease. However, IPF treatment has been limited by the low drug delivery efficiency to lungs and dysfunctional "injured" type II alveolar epithelial cell (AEC II). Here, we present surface-engineered nanoparticles (PER NPs) loading astaxanthin (AST) and trametinib (TRA) adhered to monocyte-derived multipotent cell (MOMC) forming programmed therapeutics (MOMC/PER). Specifically, the cell surface is designed to backpack plenty of PER NPs that reach directly to the lungs due to the homing characteristic of the MOMC and released PER NPs retarget injured AEC II after responding to the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in IPF tissues. Then, released AST can enhance synergetic effect of TRA for inhibiting myofibroblast activation, and MOMC can also repair injured AEC II to promote damaged lung regeneration. Our findings provide proof of concept for developing a strategy for cell-mediated lung-targeted delivery platform carrying dual combined therapies to reverse IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hai-Ping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Chang X, Xing L, Wang Y, Zhou TJ, Shen LJ, Jiang HL. Nanoengineered immunosuppressive therapeutics modulating M1/M2 macrophages into the balanced status for enhanced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8664-8678. [PMID: 32227023 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective treatment in clinic for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains a challenge due to low drug accumulation in lungs and imbalanced polarization of pro/anti-inflammatory macrophages (M1/M2 macrophages). Herein, a novel endogenous cell-targeting nanoplatform (PNCE) is developed for enhanced IPF treatment efficacy through modulating M1/M2 macrophages into the balanced status to suppress fibroblast over-activation. Notably, PNCE loaded with nintedanib (NIN) and colchicine (COL) can firstly target endogenous monocyte-derived multipotent cells (MOMCs) and then be effectively delivered into IPF lungs due to the homing ability of MOMCs, and detached sensitively from MOMCs by matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) over-expressed in IPF lungs. After PNCE selectively accumulated within fibrosis foci, COL can mildly modulate the polarization of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages to balance innate immune responses, which can enhance the suppressing effect of NIN on fibroblast activation, further improving the IPF therapy. Altogether, PNCE has two collaborative steps including the inhibition of innate immune responses accompanied by the decrease of fibroblast populations in IPF lungs, achieving a stronger and excellent anti-fibrotic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. This endogenous cell-based engineered liposomal nanoplatform not only allows therapeutic drugs to take effect selectively in vivo, but also provides an alternative strategy for an enhanced curative effect by modulating innate immune responses in IPF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, China.
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Dexamethasone Attenuates X-Ray-Induced Activation of the Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidate-Inflammatory Cycle in Breast Tissue and Subsequent Breast Fibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040999. [PMID: 32325715 PMCID: PMC7226295 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that radiation-induced DNA damage in breast adipose tissue increases autotaxin secretion, production of lysophosphatidate (LPA) and expression of LPA1/2 receptors. We also established that dexamethasone decreases autotaxin production and LPA signaling in non-irradiated adipose tissue. In the present study, we showed that dexamethasone attenuated the radiation-induced increases in autotaxin activity and the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in cultured human adipose tissue. We also exposed a breast fat pad in mice to three daily 7.5 Gy fractions of X-rays. Dexamethasone attenuated radiation-induced increases in autotaxin activity in plasma and mammary adipose tissue and LPA1 receptor levels in adipose tissue after 48 h. DEX treatment during five daily fractions of 7.5 Gy attenuated fibrosis by ~70% in the mammary fat pad and underlying lungs at 7 weeks after radiotherapy. This was accompanied by decreases in CXCL2, active TGF-β1, CTGF and Nrf2 at 7 weeks in adipose tissue of dexamethasone-treated mice. Autotaxin was located at the sites of fibrosis in breast tissue and in the underlying lungs. Consequently, our work supports the premise that increased autotaxin production and lysophosphatidate signaling contribute to radiotherapy-induced breast fibrosis and that dexamethasone attenuated the development of fibrosis in part by blocking this process.
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Ricci F, Pugliese L, Cavallo AU, Forcina M, De Stasio V, Presicce M, Di Tosto F, Di Donna C, Spiritigliozzi L, Rogliani P, Floris R, Chiocchi M. Highlights of high-resolution computed tomography imaging in evaluation of complications and co-morbidities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acta Radiol 2020; 61:204-218. [PMID: 31237771 DOI: 10.1177/0284185119857435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents a condition included in the heterogeneous group of interstitial lung diseases without known causes. The recent ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT guidelines and the white paper published by the Fleischner Society have well-defined diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis management is complex because it is also influenced by several co-morbidities and complications. The new frontier in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is represented by the effort to understand the complex mechanism of the pathogenesis and progression of disease in order to predict several consequences and co-morbidities. In our review, we tried to distinguish co-morbidities from complications of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In each complication, we have reviewed the existing literature and we have emphasized the complex pathobiological pathway which links the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis to the development of the complication itself. For every co-morbidity, we tried to identify share common risk factors which explain the coexistence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with its co-morbidities. We then analyzed high-resolution computed tomography (CT) aspects of co-morbidities and complications of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis that the radiologist should be aware of. In this review, we focused on the role of high-resolution CT imaging in the evaluation of co-morbidities and complications in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis because their early diagnosis and treatment could change the prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We have also pointed out that in some cases the final combined quantitative CT tools and conventional visual CT score would allow to get an accurate analysis and quantification of disease progression, co-morbidities, and complications of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in order to improve staging systems in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pugliese
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Ugo Cavallo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Forcina
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Stasio
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Presicce
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Di Tosto
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Donna
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Spiritigliozzi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Respiratory Medicine. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Floris
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy
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Nguyen KB, Spranger S. Modulation of the immune microenvironment by tumor-intrinsic oncogenic signaling. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201908224. [PMID: 31816057 PMCID: PMC7039199 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201908224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapies has been guided by advances in our understanding of the dynamics between tumor cells and immune populations. An emerging consensus is that immune control of tumors is mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which directly recognize and kill tumor cells. The critical role of T cells in tumor control has been underscored by preclinical and clinical studies that observed that T cell presence is positively correlated with patient response to checkpoint blockade therapy. However, the vast majority of patients do not respond or develop resistance, frequently associated with exclusion of T cells from the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on tumor cell-intrinsic alterations that blunt productive anti-tumor immune responses by directly or indirectly excluding effector CD8+ T cells from the tumor microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between tumors and the immune response holds the promise for increasing the response to current immunotherapies via the development of rational novel combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bich Nguyen
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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SarenacVulovic T, Pavlovic S, Lutovac M, Zdravkovic V, Sreckovic S, Zdravkovic N. Regulatory cytokines prescribe the outcome of the inflammation in the process of pseudoexfoliation production. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:935-940. [PMID: 31800535 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to reveal the participation of different regulatory cytokines within the process of pseudoexfoliation (PEX). METHODS Our study included 140 patients referred to cataract surgery with early and late stage of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) or pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG). Humor and serum levels of cytokines: transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), IL-8 and interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (ITAC) were measured in a sample using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS Our results indicate that profibrotic action induced by increasing TGF-β and PDGF locally activates fibrous tissue production in the early XFS with a prolonged effect of PDGF (late XFS) and finally (XFG stage) it is dominantly controlled by EGF and IGF. ITAC overrides angiogenetic effects of IL-8 in XFG. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, local chronic inflammation in the eye is accompanied by the secretion of different profibrotic cytokines (TGF-β, PDGF, EGF, IGF, IL-8) without angiogenesis due to effects of ITAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana SarenacVulovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sladjana Pavlovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Mitar Lutovac
- University Union- Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Serbia and The Balkans Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zdravkovic
- Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suncica Sreckovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Clinical Center Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Zdravkovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia and The Balkans Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ma Z, Yu R, Zhu Q, Sun L, Jian L, Wang X, Zhao J, Li C, Liu X. CXCL16/CXCR6 axis promotes bleomycin-induced fibrotic process in MRC-5 cells via the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 81:106035. [PMID: 31753588 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a progressive and irreversible lung disease with very limited therapeutic options. Previous studies have found that chemokine ligands CXCL16 and CXCR6 play critical roles in organ fibrosis. However, whether CXCL16 and CXCR6 are also involved in the pathogenesis of ILD, as well as their regulatory role in pulmonary fibrosis, has not been reported. METHODS In this study, we detected CXCL16 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-associated ILD (RA-ILD) and examined the critical role of the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis in the proliferation and collagen production of human pulmonary fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells). The effect of anti-CXCL16 antibody on the bleomycin-induced fibrogenesis in cultured MRC-5 cells was also evaluated. RESULTS Our results indicated that serum soluble CXCL16 was significantly higher in RA-ILD patients and also associated with the severity of lung fibrosis. CXCL16 facilitates fibrosis by enhancing proliferation, migration, and collagen production of MRC-5 cells. Furthermore, a synergistic fibrogenic effect of CXCL16 and bleomycin has been found. CXCL16 stimulated the activation of PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway in MRC-5 cells, and the inhibition by specific inhibitors Wortmannin and LY294002, or knockdown of CXCR6 by siRNA also suppressed the biological functions of MRC-5 cells mediated by CXCL16. Similarly, down-regulation of CXCR6 also partly blocked BLM-induced fibrogenesis in MRC-5 cells. CONCLUSIONS CXCL16/CXCR6 axis promotes proliferation and collagen production of MRC-5 cells by the PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway, and inhibition of the CXCL16/CXCR6 axis may provide a new therapeutic strategy targeting pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Ma
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Qiao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Leilei Jian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinxia Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Jonigk D, Stark H, Braubach P, Neubert L, Shin HO, Izykowski N, Welte T, Janciauskiene S, Warnecke G, Haverich A, Kuehnel M, Laenger F. Morphological and molecular motifs of fibrosing pulmonary injury patterns. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019; 5:256-271. [PMID: 31433553 PMCID: PMC6817833 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases encompass a large number of entities, which are characterised by a small number of partially overlapping fibrosing injury patterns, either alone or in combination. Thus, the presently applied morphological diagnostic criteria do not reliably discriminate different interstitial lung diseases. We therefore analysed critical regulatory pathways and signalling molecules involved in pulmonary remodelling with regard to their diagnostic suitability. Using laser‐microdissection and microarray techniques, we examined the expression patterns of 45 tissue‐remodelling associated target genes in remodelled and non‐remodelled tissue samples from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF/UIP), non‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), organising pneumonia (OP) and alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE), as well as controls (81 patients in total). We found a shared usage of pivotal pathways in AFE, NSIP, OP and UIP, but also individual molecular traits, which set the fibrosing injury patterns apart from each other and correlate well with their specific morphological aspects. Comparison of the aberrant gene expression patterns demonstrated that (1) molecular profiling in fibrosing lung diseases is feasible, (2) pulmonary injury patterns can be discriminated with very high confidence on a molecular level (86–100% specificity) using individual gene subsets and (3) these findings can be adapted as suitable diagnostic adjuncts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Helge Stark
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Lavinia Neubert
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Hoen-Oh Shin
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Nicole Izykowski
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Mark Kuehnel
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
| | - Florian Laenger
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), The German Center for Lung Research (Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung, DZL), Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hanover, Germany
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Yang Y, Zhou X, Li Y, Chen A, Liang W, Liang G, Huang B, Li Q, Jin D. CXCL2 attenuates osteoblast differentiation by inhibiting the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230490. [PMID: 31292171 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), a member of the CXC receptor ligand family, is involved in various immune and inflammatory processes, but its effect(s) on bone formation have not yet been reported. We report here that CXCL2 is enriched in bone marrow and show abundant expression of CXCL2 in osteoblasts of osteoporotic mice. CXCL2 neutralization within the bone marrow by using antibody alleviated bone loss in mice, indicating a negative role of CXCL2 in bone formation. In line with this, CXCL2 overexpression attenuated proliferation, as well as differentiation, of osteoblasts in vitro By contrast, CXCL2 downregulation promoted osteoblast expansion and differentiation. Mechanistically, CXCL2 inhibits the ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1) signaling pathway in osteoblasts. Activation of ERK1/2 abolishes the inhibitory effect of CXCL2 in osteoblasts, whereas inactivation of ERK1/2 reverses the osteogenic role of CXCL2 inhibition. These results show that CXCL2 attenuates osteoblast differentiation through inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. We demonstrate here that CXCL2 is a negative regulator of bone formation and clarify the responsible mechanisms. Therefore, pharmaceutical coordination of CXCL2 and of the pathways through which it is regulated in osteoblasts might be beneficial regarding bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ajuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenquan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Dadi Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
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Griffiths K, Binder U, McDowell W, Tommasi R, Frigerio M, Darby WG, Hosking CG, Renaud L, Machacek M, Lloyd P, Skerra A, Foley M. Half-life extension and non-human primate pharmacokinetic safety studies of i-body AD-114 targeting human CXCR4. MAbs 2019; 11:1331-1340. [PMID: 31156041 PMCID: PMC6748587 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1626652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Single domain antibodies that combine antigen specificity with high tissue penetration are an attractive alternative to conventional antibodies. However, rapid clearance from the bloodstream owing to their small size can be a limitation of therapeutic single domain antibodies. Here, we describe and evaluate the conjugation of a single domain i-body, AD-114, which targets CXCR4, to a panel of half-life extension technologies including a human serum albumin-binding peptide, linear and branched PEG, and PASylation (PA600). The conjugates were assessed in murine, rat and cynomolgus monkey pharmacokinetic studies and showed that the branched PEG was most effective at extending circulating half-life in mice; however, manufacturing limitations of PEGylated test material precluded scale-up and assessment in larger animals. PA600, by comparison, was amenable to scale-up and afforded considerable half-life improvements in mice, rats and cynomolgus monkeys. In mice, the circulating half-life of AD-114 was extended from 0.18 h to 7.77 h following conjugation to PA600, and in cynomolgus monkeys, the circulating half-life of AD-114-PA600 was 24.27 h. AD-114-PA600 was well tolerated in cynomolgus monkeys at dose rates up to 100 mg/kg with no mortalities or drug-related clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Griffiths
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - William G Darby
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Melbourne , Australia.,AdAlta Limited , Bundoora , Australia
| | - Chris G Hosking
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Melbourne , Australia.,AdAlta Limited , Bundoora , Australia
| | | | | | - Peter Lloyd
- KinDyn Consulting Limited , West Sussex , UK
| | - Arne Skerra
- XL-protein GmbH , Freising , Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München , Freising , Germany
| | - Michael Foley
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Bundoora , Melbourne , Australia.,AdAlta Limited , Bundoora , Australia
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Ozono Y, Shide K, Toyoshima F, Takaishi Y, Tsuchimochi M, Kamiunten A, Kameda T, Nakamura K, Miike T, Kusumoto K, Iwakiri H, Hasuike S, Nagata K, Sawaguchi A, Shimoda K. Monocyte-derived fibrocytes elimination had little contribution on liver fibrosis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2019; 18:348-353. [PMID: 30826294 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monocyte-derived fibrocytes play an important role in the progression of fibrosis in the skin, lungs, heart and kidney. However, the contribution of fibrocytes to liver fibrosis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fibrocytes contributed to fibrosis progression in the livers of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups: normal control group, CCl4-treated group, CCl4 + control liposome-treated group, and CCl4 + clodronate liposome-treated group. For the elimination of systemic monocyte and monocyte-derived fibrocyte, one group was treated with clodronate liposome, and another group with control liposome as a control. After 4 weeks of treatment, hepatic mononuclear cells were subjected to immunofluorescent (IF) staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis to detect fibrocytes. Measurement of collagen-positive Sirius red stained area and collagen-I mRNA expression in the liver were performed to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis quantitatively. RESULTS In the liver of the CCl4-treated and CCl4 + control liposome-treated groups, the number of fibrocytes, the area positive for Sirius red staining and collagen-I mRNA expression significantly increased compared with those in the normal control group. In the liver of the CCl4 + clodronate liposome-treated group, few fibrocytes was observed as in the normal control group, but Sirius red staining positive area and collagen-I mRNA expression were increased and equivalent to the CCl4-treated and CCl4 + control liposome-treated groups. CONCLUSION Monocyte-derived fibrocytes play a minimal role in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Cells other than fibrocytes such as hepatic stellate cells play a central role in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ozono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shide
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan.
| | - Fumiyo Toyoshima
- Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Yuuka Takaishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Mai Tsuchimochi
- Department of Liver disease, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Kamiunten
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Takuro Kameda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Tadashi Miike
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kusumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Iwakiri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Satoru Hasuike
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kenji Nagata
- Department of Liver disease, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Sawaguchi
- Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1601, Japan; Department of Liver disease, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
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Chu PY, Joshi MS, Horlock D, Kiriazis H, Kaye DM. CXCR4 Antagonism Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Improves Cardiac Performance in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30837882 PMCID: PMC6389782 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial fibrosis is a key pathologic finding in the failing heart and is implicated as a cause of increased ventricular stiffness and susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia. Neurohormonal mediators such as aldosterone and angiotensin II are known to cause fibrosis in experimental models, however, clinical evidence for the reversal of fibrosis with relevant antagonists is limited. Recent studies suggest that inflammatory mediators may contribute to fibrosis. In dilated cardiomyopathy the mechanism for myocardial fibrosis is unclear and its implications on systolic function are not known. Methods and Results: We studied the effect of a highly selective antagonist of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling, AMD3100, on the development of cardiac fibrosis and cardiac function in mice with dilated cardiomyopathy due to cardiac-specific transgenic overexpression of the stress-kinase, Mst1. AMD3100 significantly attenuated the progression of myocardial fibrosis and this was accompanied by significant improvements in diastolic and systolic performance as evaluated in isolated Langendorff perfused hearts. AMD3100 reduced BNP mRNA expression but did not alter the expression of Ca2+ handling genes. CXCR4 antagonism also reduced the abundance of splenic CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that CXCR4 pathway contributes to pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy, and it represents a new potential therapeutic target in heart failure. The data also demonstrate that anti-fibrotic strategies can improve systolic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yin Chu
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mandar S Joshi
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Duncan Horlock
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David M Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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45
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Interleukin-8 release by endothelial colony-forming cells isolated from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients might contribute to their pathogenicity. Angiogenesis 2019; 22:325-339. [PMID: 30607696 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-09659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by obliteration of alveolar architecture, resulting in declining lung function and ultimately death. Pathogenic mechanisms involve a concomitant accumulation of scar tissue together with myofibroblasts activation and a strong abnormal vascular remodeling. Endothelial progenitor cells (ECFC subtype) have been investigated in several human lung diseases as a potential actor in IPF. We previously demonstrated that ECFCs are down-regulated in IPF in contrast to healthy controls. We postulated here that ECFCs might behave as a liquid biopsy in IPF patients and that they exert modified vasculogenic properties. METHODS AND RESULTS ECFCs isolated from controls and IPF patients expressed markers of the endothelial lineage and did not differ concerning adhesion, migration, and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. However, senescent and apoptotic states were increased in ECFCs from IPF patients as shown by galactosidase staining, p16 expression, and annexin-V staining. Furthermore, conditioned medium of IPF-ECFCs had increased level of interleukin-8 that induced migration of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. In addition, an infiltration by neutrophils was shown in IPF lung biopsies and we found in a prospective clinical study that a high level of neutrophils in peripheral blood of IPF patients was associated to a poor prognosis. CONCLUSION To conclude, our study shows that IPF patients have a senescent ECFC phenotype associated with an increased IL-8 secretion potential that might contribute to lung neutrophils invasion during IPF.
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Witowski J, Kamhieh-Milz J, Kawka E, Catar R, Jörres A. IL-17 in Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Inflammation and Angiogenesis: Conclusions and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1694. [PMID: 30534087 PMCID: PMC6275317 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with peritoneal membrane remodeling. This includes changes in peritoneal vasculature, which may ultimately lead to inadequate solute and water removal and treatment failure. The potential cause of such alterations is chronic inflammation induced by repeated episodes of infectious peritonitis and/or exposure to bioincompatible PD fluids. While these factors may jeopardize the peritoneal membrane integrity, it is not clear why adverse peritoneal remodeling develops only in some PD patients. Increasing evidence points to the differences that occur between patients in response to the same invading microorganism and/or the differences in the course of inflammatory reaction triggered by different species. Such differences may be related to the involvement of different inflammatory mediators. Here, we discuss the potential role of IL-17 in these processes with emphasis on its impact on peritoneal mesothelial cells and peritoneal vascularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Department of Nephrology, Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edyta Kawka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim Jörres
- Department of Medicine I, Nephrology, Transplantation, Medical Intensive Care, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Cologne, Germany
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47
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Lee J, Arisi I, Puxeddu E, Mramba LK, Amicosante M, Swaisgood CM, Pallante M, Brantly ML, Sköld CM, Saltini C. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis express a complex pro-inflammatory, pro-repair, angiogenic activation pattern, likely associated with macrophage iron accumulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194803. [PMID: 29649237 PMCID: PMC5896901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease of unknown cause characterized by alveolar epithelial damage, patchy interstitial fibrosis and diffuse microvascular abnormalities. In IPF, alveolar clustering of iron-laden alveolar macrophages—a common sign of microhemorrhage, has been associated with vascular abnormalities and worsening of pulmonary hypertension. As iron-dependent ROS generation has been shown to induce unrestrained macrophage activation in disease models of vascular damage, we explored alveolar macrophage activation phenotype in IPF patients (n = 16) and healthy controls (CTR, n = 7) by RNA sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. The frequencies of macrophages in BAL cells were 86+4% and 83.4+8% in IPF and CTR groups, respectively (p-value = 0.41). In IPF patients, BAL cells showed increased iron-dependent ROS generation (p-value<0.05 vs CTR). Gene expression analysis showed overrepresentation of Gene Ontology processes/functions and KEGG pathways enriched in upregulated M1-type inflammatory (p-value<0.01), M2-type anti-inflammatory/tissue remodeling (p-value<0.0001), and MTPP-type chronic inflammatory/angiogenic (p-value<0.0001) chemokine and cytokine genes. The ex vivo finding was confirmed by the induction of iron-dependent ROS generation and chemokine/cytokine overexpression of Ccl4, Cxcl10 (M1), Il1rn (M2), Cxcl2, and Cxcl7 (MTPP) in MH-S murine immortalized alveolar macrophages exposed to ferric ammonium citrate in culture (p-value<0.05 vs CTR). The data show alveolar macrophage expression of a pro-inflammatory, tissue remodeling and angiogenic complex activation pattern, suggesting that iron accumulation may play a role in macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungnam Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ivan Arisi
- Genomics Facility, European Brain Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ermanno Puxeddu
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Lazarus K. Mramba
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Massimo Amicosante
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen M. Swaisgood
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marco Pallante
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Roma “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark L. Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - C. Magnus Sköld
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, and Lung-Allergy Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cesare Saltini
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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49
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Rodriguez LR, Emblom-Callahan M, Chhina M, Bui S, Aljeburry B, Tran LH, Novak R, Lemma M, Nathan SD, Grant GM. Global Gene Expression Analysis in an in vitro Fibroblast Model of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Reveals Potential Role for CXCL14/CXCR4. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3983. [PMID: 29507348 PMCID: PMC5838110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disorder that is marked by an over accumulation of activated fibroblast populations. Despite the improved understanding of many mechanisms within this disease, global gene expression analysis has few focused studies on the fibroblast, the central effector cell of progressive fibrosis. We present a unique analysis of IPF pulmonary fibroblasts as they transition through cell culture and identify in vitro altered cellular processes. Fibroblasts were isolated from diseased (n = 8) and non-diseased (n = 4) lungs. Global gene expression analysis was carried out at the initial point of isolation and after 3 weeks of culture. We identify several genes that are altered by removal of the fibroblast from the IPF environment. Comparison of this subset of genes to four previously published whole lung analyses refined our list to a small subset of key fibroblast specific genes important in IPF. Application of STRING database analysis and confirmation via in-vitro and histological assay highlights the CXCL14/CXCR4 chemokine axis with a possible role in the progression and/or activation of fibroblasts within the IPF lung. Our findings, present a possible therapeutic target for IPF and a model for the study and discovery of novel protein and processes in this terrible disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | | | - Mantej Chhina
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Sarah Bui
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Bilal Aljeburry
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Luc H Tran
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Rebecca Novak
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Merte Lemma
- Inova Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Inova Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Geraldine M Grant
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
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50
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Griffiths K, Habiel DM, Jaffar J, Binder U, Darby WG, Hosking CG, Skerra A, Westall GP, Hogaboam CM, Foley M. Anti-fibrotic Effects of CXCR4-Targeting i-body AD-114 in Preclinical Models of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3212. [PMID: 29453386 PMCID: PMC5816662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fibrotic lung disease that is prevalent in individuals >50 years of age, with a median survival of 3–5 years and limited therapeutic options. The disease is characterized by collagen deposition and remodeling of the lung parenchyma in a process that is thought to be driven by collagen-expressing immune and structural cells. The G-protein coupled C-X-C chemokine receptor 4, CXCR4, is a candidate therapeutic target for IPF owing to its role in the recruitment of CXCR4+ fibrocytes from the bone marrow to fibrotic lung tissue and its increased expression levels by structural cells in fibrotic lung tissue. We have engineered a novel fully human single domain antibody “i-body” called AD-114 that binds with high affinity to human CXCR4. We demonstrate here that AD-114 inhibits invasive wound healing and collagen 1 secretion by human IPF fibroblasts but not non-diseased control lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, in a murine bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis, AD-114 reduced the accumulation of fibrocytes (CXCR4+/Col1+/CD45+) in fibrotic murine lungs and ameliorated the degree of lung injury. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that AD-114 holds promise as a new biological therapeutic for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Griffiths
- AdAlta Limited, La Trobe University, 15/2 Park Drive, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.,The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, 3086, Australia
| | - D M Habiel
- Cedars-Sinai, Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - J Jaffar
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - U Binder
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - W G Darby
- AdAlta Limited, La Trobe University, 15/2 Park Drive, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.,The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, 3086, Australia
| | - C G Hosking
- AdAlta Limited, La Trobe University, 15/2 Park Drive, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.,The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, 3086, Australia
| | - A Skerra
- XL-protein GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Str. 30, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - G P Westall
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - C M Hogaboam
- Cedars-Sinai, Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - M Foley
- AdAlta Limited, La Trobe University, 15/2 Park Drive, Bundoora, 3083, Australia. .,The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, 3086, Australia.
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