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Cao C, Lei J, Zheng Y, Xu A, Zhou M. The brain-skin axis in vitiligo. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:607. [PMID: 39240376 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune skin disease characterized by patchy depigmentation of the skin, often accompanied by white hair. The aetiology of vitiligo is complex and difficult to cure, and its disfiguring appearance significantly impacts patients' mental and physical health. Psychological stress is a major factor in inducing and exacerbating vitiligo, as well as affecting its treatment efficacy, though the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Increasing research on the brain-skin axis in skin immunity suggests that psychological stress can influence local skin immunity through this axis, which may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. This review focuses on the role of brain-skin axis in the pathogenesis of vitiligo, and explores the possible mechanism of brain-skin axis mediating the pathogenesis of vitiligo from the aspects of sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hormones and neuropeptides, aiming to provide the necessary theoretical basis for psychological intervention in the prevention and treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jindi Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai'e Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaoni Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Schürer NY, Symanzik C, Kukshausen O, Stürmer R. Correlation of non-invasive psycho-physiological and skin-physiological measures. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13745. [PMID: 38853249 PMCID: PMC11162891 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychological stress alters epidermal barrier function. While intensive studies on the underlying mechanism have been performed in mice, human studies are limited. Non-invasive skin-physiology measures have not yet been directly linked to non-invasive psycho-physiological assessments. METHODS Standard measures of (I) transepidermal water loss prior to and after experimental barrier perturbation via tape stripping, (II) skin surface pH, (III) electrodermal activity, and (IV) heart rate function were taken over a 24 h time period. To document perceived stress, a standardized stress self-assessment questionnaire, namely the Trierer Inventar zum chronischen Stress (TICS), was utilized. RESULTS Twenty healthy, Caucasian (Fitzpatrick skin phototype I-II), female volunteers (21-32 years, mean age 27, SD = 3.67 years) were included in this study (random sample). Significant correlations were shown for 24 h delta transepidermal water loss changes, that is, barrier repair kinetics (sympathetic activity) and heart rate variability (parasympathetic activity). Further correlations were noted for electrodermal activity and skin surface pH. Perceived stress, as documented by the TICS questionnaire, did not correlate with psycho- and skin physiological parameters, respectively. CONCLUSION The presented approaches may provide a basis for non-invasive objective research on the correlation between psychological stressors and epidermal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Y. Schürer
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Cara Symanzik
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Olga Kukshausen
- Department of DermatologyEnvironmental Medicine and Health TheoryOsnabrück UniversityOsnabrückGermany
| | - Ralf Stürmer
- Psyrecon Research & Consulting Institute for Applied Psychophysiological ResearchWuppertalGermany
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Zhang H, Wang M, Zhao X, Wang Y, Chen X, Su J. Role of stress in skin diseases: A neuroendocrine-immune interaction view. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:286-302. [PMID: 38128623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is a crucial factor in the development of many skin diseases, and the stigma caused by skin disorders may further increase the psychological burden, forming a vicious cycle of psychological stress leading to skin diseases. Therefore, understanding the relationship between stress and skin diseases is necessary. The skin, as the vital interface with the external environment, possesses its own complex immune system, and the neuroendocrine system plays a central role in the stress response of the body. Stress-induced alterations in the immune system can also disrupt the delicate balance of immune cells and inflammatory mediators in the skin, leading to immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to various skin diseases. Stress can also affect the skin barrier function, impair wound healing, and promote the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby exacerbating existing skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and urticaria. In the present review, we explored the intricate relationship between stress and skin diseases from a neuroendocrine-immune interaction perspective. We explored the occurrence and development of skin diseases in the context of stress, the stress models for skin diseases, the impact of stress on skin function and diseases, and relevant epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Understanding the relationship between stress and skin diseases from a neuroendocrine-immune interaction perspective provides a comprehensive framework for targeted interventions and new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China; Department of Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Changsha, China.
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Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Slominski AT. How cancer hijacks the body's homeostasis through the neuroendocrine system. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:263-275. [PMID: 36803800 PMCID: PMC10038913 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cancer not only escapes the body's regulatory mechanisms, but also gains the ability to affect local and systemic homeostasis. Specifically, tumors produce cytokines, immune mediators, classical neurotransmitters, hypothalamic and pituitary hormones, biogenic amines, melatonin, and glucocorticoids, as demonstrated in human and animal models of cancer. The tumor, through the release of these neurohormonal and immune mediators, can control the main neuroendocrine centers such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenals, and thyroid to modulate body homeostasis through central regulatory axes. We hypothesize that the tumor-derived catecholamines, serotonin, melatonin, neuropeptides, and other neurotransmitters can affect body and brain functions. Bidirectional communication between local autonomic and sensory nerves and the tumor, with putative effects on the brain, is also envisioned. Overall, we propose that cancers can take control of the central neuroendocrine and immune systems to reset the body homeostasis in a mode favoring its expansion at the expense of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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5
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Marek-Jozefowicz L, Nedoszytko B, Grochocka M, Żmijewski MA, Czajkowski R, Cubała WJ, Slominski AT. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Marek-Jozefowicz
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grochocka
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michał A. Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wiesław J. Cubała
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 7 Build. 25, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 500 22nd Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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6
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Slominski AT, Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Athar M, Elmets C. Neuroendocrine signaling in the skin with a special focus on the epidermal neuropeptides. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1757-C1776. [PMID: 36317800 PMCID: PMC9744652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is comprised of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, is the largest organ in the human body and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions are regulated by local neuroendocrine and immune systems with a plethora of signaling molecules produced by resident and immune cells. In addition, neurotransmitters, endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and cytokines released from nerve endings play a central role in the skin's responses to stress. These molecules act on the corresponding receptors in an intra-, juxta-, para-, or autocrine fashion. The epidermis as the outer most component of skin forms a barrier directly protecting against environmental stressors. This protection is assured by an intrinsic keratinocyte differentiation program, pigmentary system, and local nervous, immune, endocrine, and microbiome elements. These constituents communicate cross-functionally among themselves and with corresponding systems in the dermis and hypodermis to secure the basic epidermal functions to maintain local (skin) and global (systemic) homeostasis. The neurohormonal mediators and cytokines used in these communications regulate physiological skin functions separately or in concert. Disturbances in the functions in these systems lead to cutaneous pathology that includes inflammatory (i.e., psoriasis, allergic, or atopic dermatitis, etc.) and keratinocytic hyperproliferative disorders (i.e., seborrheic and solar keratoses), dysfunction of adnexal structure (i.e., hair follicles, eccrine, and sebaceous glands), hypersensitivity reactions, pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and hypo- or hyperpigmentary responses), premature aging, and malignancies (melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers). These cellular, molecular, and neural components preserve skin integrity and protect against skin pathologies and can act as "messengers of the skin" to the central organs, all to preserve organismal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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7
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Zhang L, Zou Z, Yu S, Xiao X, Shi Y, Cao W, Liu Y, Zheng H, Zheng Q, Zhou S, Yao J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Chen S, Hao P, Li N, Li Y. Functional connectivity impairment of thalamus-cerebellum-scratching neural circuits in pruritus of chronic spontaneous urticaria. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1026200. [PMID: 36340791 PMCID: PMC9630740 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1026200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is one of the most common and irritating sensations that severely affects the quality of life. However, the changes in the functional connectivity (FC) between thalamic subregions and other brain regions have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the potential changes in brain neural circuits by focusing on various subregions of the thalamus in patients with CSU pruritus to contribute to the understanding of chronic pruritus from the perspective of central mechanisms. A total of 56 patients with CSU and 30 healthy controls (HCs) completed the data analysis. Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7), pruritus visual analog score (VAS-P), Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI), and immunoglobulin E (IgE) values were collected to assess clinical symptoms. Seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) analysis was used to assess relevant changes in the neural circuits of the brain. Compared to HCs, seeds within the caudal temporal thalamus (cTtha) on the right side of patients with CSU showed increased rs-FC with the cerebellum anterior lobe (CAL). Seeds within the lateral prefrontal thalamus (lPFtha) on the right side showed increased rs-FC with both CAL and pons, while those within the medial prefrontal thalamus (mPFtha) on the right side showed increased rs-FC with both CAL and the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) on the right side. Seeds within the posterior parietal thalamus (PPtha) on the right side showed increased rs-FC with the cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL) on the left side. The UAS7 values and IgE levels were positively correlated with the rs-FC of the right dlPFC. Our results suggest that patients with CSU may exhibit stronger rs-FC alterations between certain thalamic subregions and other brain regions. These changes affect areas of the brain involved in sensorimotor and scratching. Trial registration number [http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR1900022994].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixiao Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zihao Zou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyi Yu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Xiao
- College of Health Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunzhou Shi
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianhua Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junpeng Yao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanli Deng
- Sichuan Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sijue Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pingsheng Hao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Kramp RD, Kohl KD, Stephenson JF. Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20220167. [PMID: 35975629 PMCID: PMC9382456 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While the link between the gut microbiome and host behaviour is well established, how the microbiomes of other organs correlate with behaviour remains unclear. Additionally, behaviour-microbiome correlations are likely sex-specific because of sex differences in behaviour and physiology, but this is rarely tested. Here, we tested whether the skin microbiome of the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, predicts fish activity level and shoaling tendency in a sex-specific manner. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the bacterial community richness on the skin (Faith's phylogenetic diversity) was correlated with both behaviours differently between males and females. Females with richer skin-associated bacterial communities spent less time actively swimming. Activity level was significantly correlated with community membership (unweighted UniFrac), with the relative abundances of 16 bacterial taxa significantly negatively correlated with activity level. We found no association between skin microbiome and behaviours among male fish. This sex-specific relationship between the skin microbiome and host behaviour may indicate sex-specific physiological interactions with the skin microbiome. More broadly, sex specificity in host-microbiome interactions could give insight into the forces shaping the microbiome and its role in the evolutionary ecology of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael D. Kramp
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kevin D. Kohl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Snell JA, Jandova J, Wondrak GT. Hypochlorous Acid: From Innate Immune Factor and Environmental Toxicant to Chemopreventive Agent Targeting Solar UV-Induced Skin Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887220. [PMID: 35574306 PMCID: PMC9106365 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A multitude of extrinsic environmental factors (referred to in their entirety as the 'skin exposome') impact structure and function of skin and its corresponding cellular components. The complex (i.e. additive, antagonistic, or synergistic) interactions between multiple extrinsic (exposome) and intrinsic (biological) factors are important determinants of skin health outcomes. Here, we review the role of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as an emerging component of the skin exposome serving molecular functions as an innate immune factor, environmental toxicant, and topical chemopreventive agent targeting solar UV-induced skin cancer. HOCl [and its corresponding anion (OCl-; hypochlorite)], a weak halogen-based acid and powerful oxidant, serves two seemingly unrelated molecular roles: (i) as an innate immune factor [acting as a myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived microbicidal factor] and (ii) as a chemical disinfectant used in freshwater processing on a global scale, both in the context of drinking water safety and recreational freshwater use. Physicochemical properties (including redox potential and photon absorptivity) determine chemical reactivity of HOCl towards select biochemical targets [i.e. proteins (e.g. IKK, GRP78, HSA, Keap1/NRF2), lipids, and nucleic acids], essential to its role in innate immunity, antimicrobial disinfection, and therapeutic anti-inflammatory use. Recent studies have explored the interaction between solar UV and HOCl-related environmental co-exposures identifying a heretofore unrecognized photo-chemopreventive activity of topical HOCl and chlorination stress that blocks tumorigenic inflammatory progression in UV-induced high-risk SKH-1 mouse skin, a finding with potential implications for the prevention of human nonmelanoma skin photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Georg T. Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R.K. Coit College of Pharmacy & UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Salivary Cortisol Values and Personality Features of Atopic Dermatitis Patients: A Prospective Study. Dermatitis 2022; 33:341-348. [PMID: 35089897 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients commonly experience psychological stress and impaired psychosocial functioning. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare patients' salivary cortisol levels with AD severity and other associated stress-related psychological measures/parameters. METHODS This prospective study analyzed salivary cortisol levels (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in 84 AD patients (42 symptomatic patients and 42 asymptomatic patients). Each subject filled out the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Crown-Crisp Experiential Index, which concerns personality features. RESULTS Increased cortisol values were found in both groups and were not dependent on disease severity (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis [SCORAD]) and PSS. Patients with severe AD had significantly lower cortisol levels than those with moderate and mild AD (P = 0.042). The PSS levels were not dependent on SCORAD but correlated with the perceived effect of AD on emotional states (Illness Perception Questionnaire 8), personality traits, anxiety, and depression (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The severity of perceived stress in AD patients is not adequately measured by salivary cortisol levels nor SCORAD; it does, however, correlate with the impact of AD on patients' emotional states and personality features (anxiety, depression). All AD patients, regardless of disease severity, should be assessed for impacts of stress, and a multidisciplinary approach should address mental wellness.
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11
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The Brain-Skin Axis in Psoriasis-Psychological, Psychiatric, Hormonal, and Dermatological Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020669. [PMID: 35054853 PMCID: PMC8776235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with systemic manifestation, in which psychological factors play an important role. The etiology of psoriasis is complex and multifactorial, including genetic background and environmental factors such as emotional or physical stress. Psychological stress may also play a role in exacerbation of psoriasis, by dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathetic–adrenal–medullary axis, peripheral nervous system, and immune system. Skin cells also express various neuropeptides and hormones in response to stress, including the fully functional analog of the HPA axis. The deterioration of psoriatic lesions is accompanied by increased production of inflammatory mediators, which could contribute to the imbalance of neurotransmitters and the development of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, deregulation of the crosstalk between endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine stress signaling pathways contributes to clinical manifestations of psoriasis, which requires multidisciplinary approaches.
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12
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Slominski AT, Mahata B, Raman C, Bereshchenko O. Editorial: Steroids and Secosteroids in the Modulation of Inflammation and Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:825577. [PMID: 34987528 PMCID: PMC8720852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.825577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Pathology Laboratory Service, Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, ; Bidesh Mahata, ; Chander Raman, ; Oxana Bereshchenko,
| | - Bidesh Mahata
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, ; Bidesh Mahata, ; Chander Raman, ; Oxana Bereshchenko,
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, ; Bidesh Mahata, ; Chander Raman, ; Oxana Bereshchenko,
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, ; Bidesh Mahata, ; Chander Raman, ; Oxana Bereshchenko,
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13
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Ren SY, Zhang YN, Wang MJC, Wen BR, Xia CY, Li X, Wang HQ, Zhang RP, Zhang Y, Wang ZZ, Chen NH. Hair growth predicts a depression-like phenotype in rats as a mirror of stress traceability. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105110. [PMID: 34166749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As a subjective mood-related disorder with an unclear mechanism, depression has many problems in its diagnosis, which offers great space and value for research. At present, the methods commonly used to judge whether an animal model of depression has been established are mainly by biochemical index detection and behavioral tests, both of which inevitably cause stress in animals. Stress-induced hair growth inhibition has been widely reported in humans and animals. The simplicity of collecting hair samples and the observable state of hair growth has significant advantages; we tried to explore whether the parameters related to hair growth could be used as auxiliary indicators to evaluate a depression model in animals. The length and weight of the hair were calculated. Correlation analysis was conducted between the depressive behavioral results and the glucocorticoid levels in hair and serum. Learned helplessness combined with chronic restraint stress, and chronic unpredictable stress in the animal were detectable by superficial observation, weight ratio, and length of hair, and follicular development scores were significantly reduced compared to the control. The hair growth parameters of rats with depression, the rise in corticosterone, and the corresponding changes in behavioral parameters were significantly correlated. The neurotrophic factors, glucocorticoid-receptor (GR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), are associated with depression and hair growth. Significant differences were detected between the stress and control groups, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the stress-phenomenon inhibition of hair growth may be related to growth factor mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Ren
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Ya-Ni Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Man-Jiang-Cuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bi-Rui Wen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Xun Li
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Hui-Qin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China.
| | - Rui-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha Hunan, 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Slominski RM, Raman C, Elmets C, Jetten AM, Slominski AT, Tuckey RC. The significance of CYP11A1 expression in skin physiology and pathology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111238. [PMID: 33716049 PMCID: PMC8205265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CYP11A1, a member of the cytochrome P450 family, plays several key roles in the human body. It catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, converting cholesterol to pregnenolone. Aside from the classical steroidogenic tissues such as the adrenals, gonads and placenta, CYP11A1 has also been found in the brain, gastrointestinal tract, immune systems, and finally the skin. CYP11A1 activity in the skin is regulated predominately by StAR protein and hence cholesterol levels in the mitochondria. However, UVB, UVC, CRH, ACTH, cAMP, and cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα can also regulate its expression and activity. Indeed, CYP11A1 plays several critical roles in the skin through its initiation of local steroidogenesis and specific metabolism of vitamin D, lumisterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Products of these pathways regulate the protective barrier and skin immune functions in a context-dependent fashion through interactions with a number of receptors. Disturbances in CYP11A1 activity can lead to skin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Slominski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, USA; Department of Dermatology, USA
| | - C Raman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, USA; Department of Dermatology, USA
| | - C Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - A M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - R C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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15
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A novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone improves skin barrier function impaired by endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11920. [PMID: 34099793 PMCID: PMC8184959 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess glucocorticoids (GCs) with either endogenous or exogenous origins deteriorate skin barrier function. GCs bind to mineralocorticoid and GC receptors (MRs and GRs) in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Inappropriate MR activation by GCs mediates various GC-induced cutaneous adverse events. We examined whether MR antagonists can ameliorate GC-mediated skin barrier dysfunction in NHEKs, reconstructed human epidermis (RHE), and subjects under psychological stress (PS). In a preliminary clinical investigation, topical MR antagonists improved skin barrier function in topical GC-treated subjects. In NHEKs, cortisol induced nuclear translocation of GR and MR, and GR and MR antagonists inhibited cortisol-induced reductions of keratinocyte differentiation. We identified 7,3',4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (7,3',4'-THIF) as a novel compound that inhibits MR transcriptional activity by screening 30 cosmetic compounds. 7,3',4'-THIF ameliorated the cortisol effect which decreases keratinocyte differentiation in NHEKs and RHE. In a clinical study on PS subjects, 7,3',4'-THIF (0.1%)-containing cream improved skin barrier function, including skin surface pH, barrier recovery rate, and stratum corneum lipids. In conclusion, skin barrier dysfunction owing to excess GC is mediated by MR and GR; thus, it could be prevented by treatment with MR antagonists. Therefore, topical MR antagonists are a promising therapeutic option for skin barrier dysfunction after topical GC treatment or PS.
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Kim HS, Hashimoto T, Fischer K, Bernigaud C, Chosidow O, Yosipovitch G. Scabies itch: an update on neuroimmune interactions and novel targets. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1765-1776. [PMID: 33960033 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frequently described as 'the worst itch' one can ever experience scabies itch is the hallmark of Sarcoptes scabiei mite infestation. Notably, the itchiness often persists for weeks despite scabicides therapy. The mechanism of scabies itch is not yet fully understood, and effective treatment modalities are still missing which can severely affect the quality of life. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the scope of itch in scabies and highlight candidate mechanisms underlying this itch. We herein discuss scabies itch, with a focus on the nature, candidate underlying mechanisms and treatment options. We also synthesize this information with current understanding of the mechanisms contributing to non-histaminergic itch in other conditions. Itch is a major problem in scabies and can lead to grave consequences. We provide the latest insights on host-mite interaction, secondary microbial infection and neural sensitization with special emphasis on keratinocytes and mast cells to better understand the mechanism of itch in scabies. Also, the most relevant current modalities remaining under investigation that possess promising perspectives for scabies itch (i.e. protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) inhibitor, Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) antagonist) are discussed. Greater understanding of these diverse mechanisms may provide a rational basis for the development of improved and targeted approaches to control itch in individuals with scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Fischer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Bernigaud
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil et Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - O Chosidow
- Faculté de Santé de Créteil et Service de Dermatologie, APHP, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France.,Research Group Dynamic, EA7380, Faculté de Santé de Créteil, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, USC ANSES, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - G Yosipovitch
- Dr Philip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Woodby B, Pambianchi E, Ferrara F, Therrien JP, Pecorelli A, Messano N, Lila MA, Valacchi G. Cutaneous antimicrobial peptides: New "actors" in pollution related inflammatory conditions. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101952. [PMID: 33839421 PMCID: PMC8059092 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) exposure has been reported to contribute to various cutaneous inflammatory conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, rush etc. via a redox-inflammatory pathway. O3 is too reactive to penetrate cutaneous tissue; it interacts with lipids present in the outermost layer of skin, resulting in formation of oxidized molecules and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Interestingly, several inflammatory skin pathologies demonstrate altered levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These small, cationic peptides are found in various cells, including keratinocytes, eccrine gland cells, and seboctyes. Classically, AMPs function as antimicrobial agents. Recent studies indicate that AMPs also play roles in inflammation, angiogenesis, and wound healing. Since altered levels of AMPs have been detected in pollution-associated skin pathologies, we hypothesized that exposure to O3 could affect the levels of AMPs in the skin. We examined levels of AMPs using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence in vitro (human keratinocytes), ex vivo (human skin explants), and in vivo (human volunteer subjects exposed to O3) and observed increased levels of all the measured AMPs upon O3 exposure. In addition, in vitro studies have confirmed the redox regulation of AMPs in keratinocytes. This novel finding suggests that targeting AMPs could be a possible defensive strategy to combat pollution-associated skin conditions. AMPs (hBDs1-3, CAMP) increase in O3 exposed human skin by a redox mechanism. Transcriptional upregulation of AMPs in response to O3 exposure is due to an altered redox status. Pollution increase AMPs could be the connection between pollution exposure and the development/exacerbation of inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Woodby
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Francesca Ferrara
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Nicolo' Messano
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept, NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; JP Therrien Consulting, LLC, USA; Kyung Hee University, Department of Food and Nutrition, South Korea.
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18
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Valacchi G, Magnani N, Woodby B, Ferreira SM, Evelson P. Particulate Matter Induces Tissue OxInflammation: From Mechanism to Damage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:308-326. [PMID: 32443938 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are central hypothetical mechanisms for the adverse effects of airborne particulate matter (PM). Activation of inflammatory cells capable of generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is another proposed damage pathway. Understanding the interplay between these responses can help us understand the adverse health effects attributed to breathing polluted air. Recent Advances: The consequences of PM exposure on different organs are oxidative damage, decreased function, and inflammation, which can lead to the development/exacerbation of proinflammatory disorders. Mitochondrial damage is also an important event in PM-induced cytotoxicity. Critical Issues: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during phagocytosis of the particles, leading to enhancement of oxidative stress and triggering the inflammatory response. The activation of inflammatory signaling pathways results in the release of cytokines and other mediators, which can further induce ROS production by activating endogenous enzymes, leading to a positive feedback loop, which can aggravate the effects triggered by PM exposure. Future Directions: Further research is required to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which PM exposure results in adverse health effects, in terms of the relationship between the redox responses triggered by the presence of the particles and the inflammation observed in the different organs, so the development/exacerbation of PM-associated health problems can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra María Ferreira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Sung Kim H, Yosipovitch G. THE SKIN MICROBIOTA AND ITCH: Is There a Link? THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 13:S39-S46. [PMID: 33282109 PMCID: PMC7710288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that emanates primarily from the skin. The chemical mediators that drive neuronal activity originate from a complex interaction between keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, nerve endings, and the skin microbiota, relaying itch signals to the brain. Stress also exacerbates itch via the skin-brain axis. Recently, the microbiota has surfaced as a major player to regulate this axis, notably during stress settings aroused by actual or perceived homeostatic challenge. The routes of communication between the microbiota and brain are slowly being unraveled and involve neurochemicals (i.e., acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines, and corticotropin) that originate from the microbiota itself. By focusing on itch biology and by referring to the more established field of pain research, this review examines the possible means by which the skin microbiota contributes to itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei Sung Kim
- Dr. Kim is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami in Miami, Florida, the Department of Dermatology at Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea, and the Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea
- Dr. Yosipovitch is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Kim is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at University of Miami in Miami, Florida, the Department of Dermatology at Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea, and the Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, at The Catholic University of Korea in Seoul, Korea
- Dr. Yosipovitch is with the Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery at Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami in Miami, Florida
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20
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The Skin Microbiota and Itch: Is There a Link? J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041190. [PMID: 32331207 PMCID: PMC7230651 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant sensation that emanates primarily from the skin. The chemical mediators that drive neuronal activity originate from a complex interaction between keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, nerve endings and the skin microbiota, relaying itch signals to the brain. Stress also exacerbates itch via the skin–brain axis. Recently, the microbiota has surfaced as a major player to regulate this axis, notably during stress settings aroused by actual or perceived homeostatic challenge. The routes of communication between the microbiota and brain are slowly being unraveled and involve neurochemicals (i.e., acetylcholine, histamine, catecholamines, corticotropin) that originate from the microbiota itself. By focusing on itch biology and by referring to the more established field of pain research, this review examines the possible means by which the skin microbiota contributes to itch.
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21
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Samotij D, Nedoszytko B, Bartosińska J, Batycka-Baran A, Czajkowski R, Dobrucki IT, Dobrucki LW, Górecka-Sokołowska M, Janaszak-Jasienicka A, Krasowska D, Kalinowski L, Macieja-Stawczyk M, Nowicki RJ, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Płoska A, Purzycka-Bohdan D, Radulska A, Reszka E, Siekierzycka A, Słomiński A, Słomiński R, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Strapagiel D, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Szczęch J, Żmijewski M, Reich A. Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the "omic" era. Part I. Epidemiology, clinical manifestation, immunological and neuroendocrine disturbances. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:135-153. [PMID: 32489346 PMCID: PMC7262814 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.94832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated skin disease affecting about 2% of the world's population. According to current knowledge, psoriasis is a complex disease that involves various genes and environmental factors, such as stress, injuries, infections and certain medications. The chronic inflammation of psoriasis lesions develops upon epidermal infiltration, activation, and expansion of type 1 and type 17 Th cells. Despite the enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms that cause psoriasis, the target cells and antigens that drive pathogenic T cell responses in psoriatic lesions are still unproven and the autoimmune basis of psoriasis still remains hypothetical. However, since the identification of the Th17 cell subset, the IL-23/Th17 immune axis has been considered a key driver of psoriatic inflammation, which has led to the development of biologic agents that target crucial elements of this pathway. Here we present the current understanding of various aspects in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Samotij
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Bartosińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Batycka-Baran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Iwona T. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górecka-Sokołowska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Disorders and Immunodermatology, Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Janaszak-Jasienicka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Macieja-Stawczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman J. Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Słomiński
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Birmingham, AL, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Radomir Słomiński
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Szczęch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Michał Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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Meszaros K, Patocs A. Glucocorticoids Influencing Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway; Multiple Sites, Heterogeneous Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071489. [PMID: 32218328 PMCID: PMC7181001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones are vital; their accurate operation is a necessity at all ages and in all life situations. Glucocorticoids regulate diverse physiological processes and they use many signaling pathways to fulfill their effect. As the operation of these hormones affects many organs, the excess of glucocorticoids is actually detrimental to the whole human body. The endogenous glucocorticoid excess is a relatively rare condition, but a significant proportion of adult people uses glucocorticoid medication for the treatment of chronic illnesses, therefore they are exposed to the side effects of long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Our review summarizes the adverse effects of glucocorticoid excess affecting bones, adipose tissue, brain and skin, focusing on those effects which involve the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Attila Patocs
- Hereditary Tumours Research Group, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-266-0926; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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23
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Extra-adrenal glucocorticoid biosynthesis: implications for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Genes Immun 2020; 21:150-168. [PMID: 32203088 PMCID: PMC7276297 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid synthesis is a complex, multistep process that starts with cholesterol being delivered to the inner membrane of mitochondria by StAR and StAR-related proteins. Here its side chain is cleaved by CYP11A1 producing pregnenolone. Pregnenolone is converted to cortisol by the enzymes 3-βHSD, CYP17A1, CYP21A2 and CYP11B1. Glucocorticoids play a critical role in the regulation of the immune system and exert their action through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Although corticosteroids are primarily produced in the adrenal gland, they can also be produced in a number of extra-adrenal tissue including the immune system, skin, brain, and intestine. Glucocorticoid production is regulated by ACTH, CRH, and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα. The bioavailability of cortisol is also dependent on its interconversion to cortisone which is inactive, by 11βHSD1/2. Local and systemic glucocorticoid biosynthesis can be stimulated by ultraviolet B, explaining its immunosuppressive activity. In this review, we want to emphasize that dysregulation of extra-adrenal glucocorticoid production can play a key role in a variety of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus erythematosus (LE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and skin inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD). Further research on local glucocorticoid production and its bioavailability may open doors into new therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Abstract
Tens of thousands of infants are impacted yearly by prenatal opioid exposure. The term neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is now replacing the more familiar term neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Ongoing debate continues related to standard regimens for treatment of this oftentimes perplexing condition. Historically, treatment has focused on pharmacologic interventions. However, there is limited research that points to nonpharmacologic methods of treatment as viable options, whether alone or in addition to pharmacologic interventions. This article, utilizing a review of pertinent literature, outlines the physical aspects of NOWS, including its pathophysiology and the resulting physical clinical signs. In addition, we present an overview of how age-appropriate, nonpharmacologic interventions, centered on developmental care, may be a valuable approach to organize and prioritize routine care for these infants, their families, and the health care team facing the challenges of NOWS. Finally, the need for further research to better define evidence-based standards of care for these infants and their families is discussed.
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25
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Maarouf M, Maarouf CL, Yosipovitch G, Shi VY. The impact of stress on epidermal barrier function: an evidence-based review. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:1129-1137. [PMID: 30614527 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal barrier functions to limit skin infection and inflammation by inhibiting irritant and immunogen invasion. Abundant evidence suggests that psychological stress stemming from crowding, isolation, nicotine smoking, insomnia, mental arithmetic tasks, physical pain, real-life stressors (examinations and marital strain) and lack of positive personality traits may impart both acute and chronic epidermal dysfunction. OBJECTIVES To review the relationship between stress and epidermal barrier dysfunction. METHODS A review of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify all English-language case-control, cross-sectional and randomized control trials that have reported the effect of stress on epidermal barrier function. The authors' conclusions are based on the available evidence from 21 studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS Psychological stressors upregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stimulate local and systemic stress hormone production. This ultimately leads to aberrant barrier dysfunction, characterized by decreased epidermal lipid and structural protein production, decreased stratum corneum hydration and increased transepidermal water loss. CONCLUSIONS This evidence-based review explores the adverse effects of psychological stressors on epidermal barrier function. Future investigations using more real-life stressors are needed to elucidate further their impact on skin physiology and identify practical stress-relieving therapies that minimize and restore epidermal barrier dysfunction, particularly in at-risk populations. What's already known about this topic? The literature reports the negative effect of stress on prolonged wound healing. Less is known about the relationship between stress and epidermal barrier dysfunction, a chronic, superficial wound involving the upper epidermal layers. What does this study add? Psychological stressors impact epidermal barrier function by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stimulate local and systemic stress hormone production. Stress hormones negatively affect the epidermal barrier by decreasing epidermal lipids and structural proteins, decreasing stratum corneum hydration and increasing transepidermal water loss. Identification of such stressors can promote stress-avoidance and stress-reduction behaviours that protect epidermal barrier function and prevent certain dermatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maarouf
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - C L Maarouf
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - G Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, U.S.A
| | - V Y Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
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26
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Harno E, Gali Ramamoorthy T, Coll AP, White A. POMC: The Physiological Power of Hormone Processing. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2381-2430. [PMID: 30156493 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual peptides produced in different tissues and the impact of the simultaneous presence of their precursors or fragments. We also discuss the problems inherent in accurately measuring which of the precursors and their derived peptides are present in biological samples. We address how not being able to measure all the combinations of precursors and fragments quantitatively has affected our understanding of the pathophysiology associated with POMC processing. To understand how different ratios of peptides arise, we describe the role of the pro-hormone convertases (PCs) and their tissue specificities and consider the cellular processing pathways which enable regulated secretion of different peptides that play crucial roles in integrating a range of vital physiological functions. In the pituitary, correct processing of POMC peptides is essential to maintain the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and this processing can be disrupted in POMC-expressing tumors. In hypothalamic neurons expressing POMC, abnormalities in processing critically impact on the regulation of appetite, energy homeostasis, and body composition. More work is needed to understand whether expression of the POMC gene in a tissue equates to release of bioactive peptides. We suggest that this comprehensive view of POMC processing, with a focus on gaining a better understanding of the combination of peptides produced and their relative bioactivity, is a necessity for all involved in studying this fascinating physiological regulatory phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Harno
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Thanuja Gali Ramamoorthy
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Coll
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Anne White
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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27
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Smith DJM. The Melanocortin 1 receptor and its influence on naevi and melanoma in dark-skinned phenotypes. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 60:192-199. [PMID: 30585306 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well appreciated that melanocortin 1 receptor variants can produce a fair skinned and red-haired phenotype that has a strong association with increased melanoma risk. These patients are easily recognised and given appropriate attention. What may not be appreciated is that darker-skinned individuals may also carry melanocortin 1 receptor variant alleles and that they can also be at increased risk of melanoma. Considering that melanocortin 1 receptor is crucial for melanocyte proliferation, regulation and differentiation do the naevi of these darker-skinned individuals have specific features that help identify them as carrying one of these melanocortin 1 receptor variants and do melanomas that develop in dark-skinned melanocortin 1 receptor variant carriers have particular characteristics?
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28
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Huo J, Sun S, Geng Z, Sheng W, Chen R, Ma K, Sun X, Fu X. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promoted Cutaneous Wound Healing by Regulating Keratinocyte Migration via β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2513-2527. [PMID: 29757659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Huo
- Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Sujing Sun
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Wound Care Center, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Runkai Chen
- Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Kui Ma
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Key Research Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration of PLA, and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, First Affiliated Hospital to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
- Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medicine Science, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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29
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Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA, Plonka PM, Szaflarski JP, Paus R. How UV Light Touches the Brain and Endocrine System Through Skin, and Why. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1992-2007. [PMID: 29546369 PMCID: PMC5905393 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin, a self-regulating protective barrier organ, is empowered with sensory and computing capabilities to counteract the environmental stressors to maintain and restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. These complex functions are coordinated by a cutaneous neuro-endocrine system that also communicates in a bidirectional fashion with the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, all acting in concert to control body homeostasis. Although UV energy has played an important role in the origin and evolution of life, UV absorption by the skin not only triggers mechanisms that defend skin integrity and regulate global homeostasis but also induces skin pathology (e.g., cancer, aging, autoimmune responses). These effects are secondary to the transduction of UV electromagnetic energy into chemical, hormonal, and neural signals, defined by the nature of the chromophores and tissue compartments receiving specific UV wavelength. UV radiation can upregulate local neuroendocrine axes, with UVB being markedly more efficient than UVA. The locally induced cytokines, corticotropin-releasing hormone, urocortins, proopiomelanocortin-peptides, enkephalins, or others can be released into circulation to exert systemic effects, including activation of the central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, opioidogenic effects, and immunosuppression, independent of vitamin D synthesis. Similar effects are seen after exposure of the eyes and skin to UV, through which UVB activates hypothalamic paraventricular and arcuate nuclei and exerts very rapid stimulatory effects on the brain. Thus, UV touches the brain and central neuroendocrine system to reset body homeostasis. This invites multiple therapeutic applications of UV radiation, for example, in the management of autoimmune and mood disorders, addiction, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
- Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294. E-mail:
| | | | - Przemyslaw M Plonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology and the UAB Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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30
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Rojo de la Vega M, Zhang DD, Wondrak GT. Topical Bixin Confers NRF2-Dependent Protection Against Photodamage and Hair Graying in Mouse Skin. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:287. [PMID: 29636694 PMCID: PMC5880955 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes acute photodamage, premature aging, and skin cancer, attributable to UV-induced genotoxic, oxidative, and inflammatory stress. The transcription factor NRF2 [nuclear factor erythroid 2 (E2)-related factor 2] is the master regulator of the cellular antioxidant response protecting skin against various environmental stressors including UV radiation and electrophilic pollutants. NRF2 in epidermal keratinocytes can be activated using natural chemopreventive compounds such as the apocarotenoid bixin, an FDA-approved food additive and cosmetic ingredient from the seeds of the achiote tree (Bixa orellana). Here, we tested the feasibility of topical use of bixin for NRF2-dependent skin photoprotection in two genetically modified mouse models [SKH1 and C57BL/6J (Nrf2+/+ versus Nrf2-/- )]. First, we observed that a bixin formulation optimized for topical NRF2 activation suppresses acute UV-induced photodamage in Nrf2+/+ but not Nrf2-/- SKH1 mice, a photoprotective effect indicated by reduced epidermal hyperproliferation and oxidative DNA damage. Secondly, it was demonstrated that topical bixin suppresses PUVA (psoralen + UVA)-induced hair graying in Nrf2+/+ but not Nrf2-/- C57BL/6J mice. Collectively, this research provides the first in vivo evidence that topical application of bixin can protect against UV-induced photodamage and PUVA-induced loss of hair pigmentation through NRF2 activation. Topical NRF2 activation using bixin may represent a novel strategy for human skin photoprotection, potentially complementing conventional sunscreen-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Rojo de la Vega
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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31
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Slominski AT, Brożyna AA, Tuckey RC. Cutaneous Glucocorticoidogenesis and Cortisol Signaling Are Defective in Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1609-1611. [PMID: 28735612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hannen et al. report that cutaneous glucocorticoidogenesis and expression of glucocorticoid receptors are inhibited in psoriatic skin. These findings substantiate the previous concept that deficient feedback of local proopiomelanocortin and glucocorticoids on cutaneous immunity contributes to inflammatory and autoimmune dermatoses. Restoration of efficient endogenous glucocorticoid signaling represents a realistic goal in treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre-Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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32
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Abstract
The skin being a protective barrier between external and internal (body) environments has the sensory and adaptive capacity to maintain local and global body homeostasis in response to noxious factors. An important part of the skin response to stress is its ability for melatonin synthesis and subsequent metabolism through the indolic and kynuric pathways. Indeed, melatonin and its metabolites have emerged as indispensable for physiological skin functions and for effective protection of a cutaneous homeostasis from hostile environmental factors. Moreover, they attenuate the pathological processes including carcinogenesis and other hyperproliferative/inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, mitochondria appear to be a central hub of melatonin metabolism in the skin cells. Furthermore, substantial evidence has accumulated on the protective role of the melatonin against ultraviolet radiation and the attendant mitochondrial dysfunction. Melatonin and its metabolites appear to have a modulatory impact on mitochondrion redox and bioenergetic homeostasis, as well as the anti-apoptotic effects. Of note, some metabolites exhibit even greater impact than melatonin alone. Herein, we emphasize that melatonin-mitochondria axis would control integumental functions designed to protect local and perhaps global homeostasis. Given the phylogenetic origin and primordial actions of melatonin, we propose that the melatonin-related mitochondrial functions represent an evolutionary conserved mechanism involved in cellular adaptive response to skin injury and repair.
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33
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Glucocorticoids Inhibit Wound Healing: Novel Mechanism of Action. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1012-1014. [PMID: 28411834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Jozic et al. describe mechanisms of glucocorticoid (GC) downregulation of wound healing by interaction with the membrane bound GC receptor, followed by stimulation of β-catenin and c-myc pathways. Targeting the membrane bound GC receptor or the recently discovered interaction of GC with mineralocorticoid receptors may counteract negative effects of GC on the skin barrier and potentially could serve as a remedy for age-related skin atrophy.
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34
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Mueller SM, Hogg S, Mueller JM, McKie S, Itin P, Reinhardt J, Griffiths CE, Kleyn CE. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in dermatology: The skin, the brain and the invisible. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:845-853. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Mueller
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Dermatology Centre; The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Samuel Hogg
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jannis M. Mueller
- Department of Neurology; Kantonsspital Muensterlingen; Muensterlingen Switzerland
| | - Shane McKie
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit; The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Peter Itin
- Dermatology Centre; The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic & Interventional Neuroradiology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
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35
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Hannen R, Udeh-Momoh C, Upton J, Wright M, Michael A, Gulati A, Rajpopat S, Clayton N, Halsall D, Burrin J, Flower R, Sevilla L, Latorre V, Frame J, Lightman S, Perez P, Philpott M. Dysfunctional Skin-Derived Glucocorticoid Synthesis Is a Pathogenic Mechanism of Psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1630-1637. [PMID: 28359725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are the primary steroids that regulate inflammation and have been exploited therapeutically in inflammatory skin diseases. Despite the broad-spectrum therapeutic use of GC, the biochemical rationale for locally treating inflammatory skin conditions is poorly understood, as systemic GC production remains largely functional in these patients. GC synthesis has been well characterized in healthy skin, but the pathological consequence has not been examined. Here we show de novo GC synthesis, and GC receptor expression is dysfunctional in both nonlesional and lesional psoriatic skin. Use of GC receptor epidermal knockout mice with adrenalectomy allowed for the distinction between local (keratinocyte) and systemic GC activity. Compensation exhibited by adult GC receptor epidermal knockout mice demonstrated that keratinocyte-derived GC synthesis protected skin from topical phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced inflammatory assault. Thus, localized de novo GC synthesis in skin is essential for controlling inflammation, and loss of the GC pathway in psoriatic skin represents an additional pathological process in this complex inflammatory skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Hannen
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Chinedu Udeh-Momoh
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, UK; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, Imperial Collage, London, UK
| | - James Upton
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK; LGC, Sport and Specialised Analytical Services, Fordham, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Anthony Michael
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Abha Gulati
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - Shefali Rajpopat
- Department of Dermatology, Whipps Cross Hospital, Leytonstone, London, UK
| | - Nicky Clayton
- Department of Dermatology, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - David Halsall
- Department of Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacky Burrin
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Roderick Flower
- Centre for Pharmacology and Biochemistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Latorre
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - James Frame
- Anglia-Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, UK
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, UK
| | - Paloma Perez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Skobowiat C, Postlethwaite AE, Slominski AT. Skin Exposure to Ultraviolet B Rapidly Activates Systemic Neuroendocrine and Immunosuppressive Responses. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:1008-1015. [PMID: 27716949 DOI: 10.1111/php.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The back skin of C57BL/6 mice was exposed to a single 400 mJ cm-2 dose of ultraviolet B (UVB), and parameters of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in relation to immune activity were tested after 30-90 min following irradiation. Levels of brain and/or plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), β-endorphin, ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) were enhanced by UVB. Hypophysectomy had no effect on UVB-induced increases of CORT. Mitogen-induced IFNγ production by splenocytes from UVB-treated mice was inhibited at 30, 90 min and after 24 h. UVB also led to inhibition of IL-10 production indicating an immunosuppressive effect on both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Conditioned media from splenocytes isolated from UVB-treated animals had no effect on IFNγ production in cultured normal splenocytes; however, IFNγ increased with conditioned media from sham-irradiated animals. Sera from UVB-treated mice suppressed T-cell mitogen-induced IFNγ production as compared to sera from sham-treated mice. IFNγ production was inhibited in splenocytes isolated from UVB-treated animals with intact pituitary, while stimulated in splenocytes from UVB-treated hypophysectomized mice. Thus, cutaneous exposure to UVB rapidly stimulates systemic CRH, ACTH, β-endorphin and CORT production accompanied by rapid immunosuppressive effects in splenocytes that appear to be independent of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Skobowiat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Arnold E Postlethwaite
- Division of Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
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37
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Wierzbicka JM, Żmijewski MA, Antoniewicz J, Sobjanek M, Slominski AT. Differentiation of Keratinocytes Modulates Skin HPA Analog. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:154-66. [PMID: 27061711 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well established, that epidermal keratinocytes express functional equivalent of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in order to respond to changing environment and maintain internal homeostasis. We are presenting data indicating that differentiation of primary neonatal human keratinocytes (HPEKp), induced by prolonged incubation or calcium is accompanied by significant changes in the expression of the elements of skin analog of HPA (sHPA). Expression of CRF, UCN1-3, POMC, ACTH, CRFR1, CRFR2, MC1R, MC2R, and GR (coded by NR3C1 gene) were observed on gene/protein levels along differentiation of keratinocytes in culture with similar pattern seen by immunohistochemistry on full thickness skin biopsies. Expression of CRF was more pronounced in less differentiated keratinocytes, which corresponded to the detection of CRF immunoreactivity preferentially in the stratum basale. POMC expression was enhanced in more differentiated keratinocytes, which corresponded to detection of ACTH immunoreactivity, predominantly in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum. Expression of urocortins was also affected by induction of HPEKp differentiation. Immunohistochemical studies showed high prevalence of CRFR1 in well differentiated keratinocytes, while smaller keratinocytes showed predominantly CRFR2 immunoreactivity. MC2R mRNA levels were elevated from days 4 to 8 of in vitro incubation, while MC2R immunoreactivity was the highest in the upper layers of epidermis. Similar changes in mRNA/protein levels of sHPA elements were observed in HPEKp keratinocytes treated with calcium. Summarizing, preferential expression of CRF and POMC (ACTH) by populations of keratinocytes on different stage of differentiation resembles organization of central HPA axis suggesting their distinct role in physiology and pathology of the epidermis. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 154-166, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jakub Antoniewicz
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michal Sobjanek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Kong Y, Liu Y, Pan L, Cheng B, Liu H. Norepinephrine Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation to Promote the Growth of Hair Follicles. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:423-435. [PMID: 27286967 DOI: 10.1159/000446020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological factors and stress can cause hair loss. The sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis has been reported to regulate the growth of hair follicles (HF). The sympathetic nerve is a component of the SAM axis, but it has not been sufficiently or convincingly linked to hair growth. In this study, we demonstrate that chemical sympathectomy via administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mice inhibited HF growth, but treatment with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PR) had no effect. HF length and skin thickness were greater in PR-treated and control mice than in 6-OHDA-treated mice, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, we found that the reduced HF growth in sympathectomized animals was accompanied by a decreased keratinocyte proliferation. Moreover, the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) was found to efficiently promote HF growth in an organotypic skin culture model. Together, these findings suggest that sympathetic nerves regulate keratinocyte behaviors to promote hair growth, providing novel insights into stress-related, chemotherapy-, and radiotherapy-induced alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Kong
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Watson IPB, Brüne M, Bradley AJ. The evolution of the molecular response to stress and its relevance to trauma and stressor-related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 68:134-147. [PMID: 27216210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The experience of "stress", in its broadest meaning, is an inevitable part of life. All living creatures have evolved multiple mechanisms to deal with such threats and challenges and to avoid damage to the organism that may be incurred from these stress responses. Trauma and stressor-related disorders are psychiatric conditions that are caused specifically by the experience of stress, though depression, anxiety and some other disorders may also be unleashed by stress. Stress, however, is not a mandatory criterion of these diagnoses. This article focuses on the evolution of the neurochemicals involved in the response to stress and the systems in which they function. This includes the skin and gut, and the immune system. Evidence suggests that responses to stress are evolutionarily highly conserved, have wider involvement than the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal stress axis alone, and that excessive stress responses can produce stressor-related disorders in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Burges Watson
- University of Tasmania, Department of Psychiatry, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Martin Brüne
- LWL University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
| | - Adrian J Bradley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Craig JM. Atopic dermatitis and the intestinal microbiota in humans and dogs. Vet Med Sci 2016; 2:95-105. [PMID: 29067183 PMCID: PMC5645856 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of human and canine allergic diseases is commonly perceived to be increasing. Suggested predisposing factors in people and dogs include increased allergen load, increased exposure to pollutants, reduced family size, reduced microbial load and less exposure to infection at a young age, increasingly urbanised environment, and changes in dietary habits. Genetic make‐up may provide a template for phenotypic predisposition which is strongly influenced by our diet and environment leading to constant regulation of gene expression. One way in which diet can alter gene expression is via its effects on the gut flora or microbiota, the collection of microbes residing in the gastrointestinal tract. The resident microbiota is important in maintaining structural and functional integrity of the gut and in immune system regulation. It is an important driver of host immunity, helps protect against invading enteropathogens, and provides nutritional benefits to the host. Disruption of the microbiota (dysbiosis) may lead to severe health problems, both in the gastrointestinal tract and extra‐intestinal organ systems. The precise mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota exerts its effects are only beginning to be unravelled but research is demonstrating close links between gut microflora and many factors involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). AD and indeed any other ‘skin disease’, may be seen as a possible manifestation of a more systemic problem involving gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability, which may occur even in the absence of gastrointestinal signs. Manipulation of the canine intestinal microbiota as a method for modifying atopy, may be attempted in many ways including avoidance of certain foods, supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, optimising nutrient intake, minimising stress, antimicrobial therapy, correction and prevention of low stomach acid, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
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41
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Slominski AT, Manna PR, Tuckey RC. On the role of skin in the regulation of local and systemic steroidogenic activities. Steroids 2015; 103:72-88. [PMID: 25988614 PMCID: PMC4631694 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skin is a heterogeneous organ/tissue covering our body, showing regional variations and endowed with neuroendocrine activities. The latter is represented by its ability to produce and respond to neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, hormones and neurohormones, of which expression and phenotypic activities can be modified by ultraviolet radiation, chemical and physical factors, as well as by cytokines. The neuroendocrine contribution to the responses of skin to stress is served, in part, by local synthesis of all elements of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Skin with subcutis can also be classified as a steroidogenic tissue because it expresses the enzyme, CYP11A1, which initiates steroid synthesis by converting cholesterol to pregnenolone, as in other steroidogenic tissues. Pregnenolone, or steroidal precursors from the circulation, are further transformed in the skin to corticosteroids or sex hormones. Furthermore, in the skin CYP11A1 acts on 7-dehydrocholesterol with production of 7-dehydropregnolone, which can be further metabolized to other Δ7steroids, which after exposure to UVB undergo photochemical transformation to vitamin D like compounds with a short side chain. Vitamin D and lumisterol, produced in the skin after exposure to UVB, are also metabolized by CYP11A1 to several hydroxyderivatives. Vitamin D hydroxyderivatives generated by action of CYP11A1 are biologically active and are subject to further hydroxylations by CYP27B1, CYP27A1 and CP24A. Establishment of which intermediates are produced in the epidermis in vivo and whether they circulate on the systemic level represent a future research challenge. In summary, skin is a neuroendocrine organ endowed with steroid/secosteroidogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Pulak R Manna
- Department of immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Carlson JA. Lymphedema and subclinical lymphostasis (microlymphedema) facilitate cutaneous infection, inflammatory dermatoses, and neoplasia: A locus minoris resistentiae. Clin Dermatol 2015; 32:599-615. [PMID: 25160101 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whether primary or secondary, lymphedema is caused by failure to drain protein-rich interstitial fluid. Typically affecting a whole limb, it has become apparent that lymphedema can also affect localized regions of the skin, or it can be clinically silent but histologically evident, denoted by dilated lymphangiectases (latent lymphedema). Chronic lymph stasis has numerous consequences, including lipogenesis, fibrosis, inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, and immunosuppression. For example, lymphedema's disruption of immune cell trafficking leads to localized immune suppression, predisposing the area affected to chronic inflammation, infection (cellulitis and verrucosis), and malignancy (angiosarcoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer). The pathogenesis of lymphedema is reviewed and exemplified by describing how a combination of lymph stasis-promoting factors such as trauma, obesity, infection, and inflammatory disorders produces localized elephantiasis; furthermore, the finding of lymphangiectases is found to be common in numerous dermatologic disorders and argued to play a role in their pathogenesis. Lastly, it is discussed how antigen burden, which is controlled by lymphatic clearance, affects the immune response, resulting in immune tolerance, immunopathology, or normal adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrew Carlson
- Divisions of Dermatopathology and Dermatology, Department of Pathology, Albany Medical College, MC-81, Albany, NY 12208.
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Abstract
The presence of functional opioid receptors on epidermal keratinocytes, with
attendant regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, indicate their
novel role in maintaining epidermal homeostasis. Expression of proenkephalin precursors
and neuropeptide products in the same compartment opens an opportunity to study the role
of this endogenous opioid circuitry, with its regulators, in modulating epidermal barrier
function.
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44
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Slominski AT. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) activates central neuro-endocrine-immune system. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2015; 31:121-3. [PMID: 25660238 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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45
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Pastar I, Stojadinovic O, Yin NC, Ramirez H, Nusbaum AG, Sawaya A, Patel SB, Khalid L, Isseroff RR, Tomic-Canic M. Epithelialization in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2014; 3:445-464. [PMID: 25032064 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2013.0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 798] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Keratinocytes, a major cellular component of the epidermis, are responsible for restoring the epidermis after injury through a process termed epithelialization. This review will focus on the pivotal role of keratinocytes in epithelialization, including cellular processes and mechanisms of their regulation during re-epithelialization, and their cross talk with other cell types participating in wound healing. Recent Advances: Discoveries in epidermal stem cells, keratinocyte immune function, and the role of the epidermis as an independent neuroendocrine organ will be reviewed. Novel mechanisms of gene expression regulation important for re-epithelialization, including microRNAs and histone modifications, will also be discussed. Critical Issues: Epithelialization is an essential component of wound healing used as a defining parameter of a successful wound closure. A wound cannot be considered healed in the absence of re-epithelialization. The epithelialization process is impaired in all types of chronic wounds. Future Directions: A comprehensive understanding of the epithelialization process will ultimately lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to promote wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Olivera Stojadinovic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Natalie C. Yin
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Horacio Ramirez
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Aron G. Nusbaum
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrew Sawaya
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shailee B. Patel
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Laiqua Khalid
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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46
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Hanna-Mitchell AT, Wolf-Johnston A, Roppolo JR, Buffington TCA, Birder LA. Corticotropin-releasing factor family peptide signaling in feline bladder urothelial cells. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:113-21. [PMID: 24829219 PMCID: PMC4137776 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a central role in the orchestration of behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stress. The family of CRF-related peptides (CRF and paralogs: urocortin (Ucn)-I, -II, and -III) and associated receptors (CRFR1 and CRFR2) are also expressed in peripheral tissues such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Local signaling may exert multiple effects of stress-induced exacerbation of many complex syndromes, including psoriasis and visceral hypersensitivity. Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), a chronic visceral pain syndrome characterized by urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain, is reported to be exacerbated by stress. Functional changes in the epithelial lining of the bladder, a vital blood-urine barrier called the urothelium, may play a role in IC/PBS. This study investigated the expression and functional activity of CRF-related peptides in the urothelium of normal cats and cats with feline interstitial cystitis (FIC), a chronic idiopathic cystitis exhibiting similarities to humans diagnosed with IC/PBS. Western blots analysis showed urothelial (UT) expression of CRFR1 and CRFR2. Enzyme immunoassay revealed release of endogenous ligands (CRF and Ucn) by UT cells in culture. Evidence of functional activation of CRFR1 and CRFR2 by receptor-selective agonists (CRF and UCN3 respectively) was shown by i) the measurement of ATP release using the luciferin-luciferase assay and ii) the use of membrane-impermeant fluorescent dyes (FM dyes) for fluorescence microscopy to assess membrane exocytotic responses in real time. Our findings show evidence of CRF-related peptide signaling in the urothelium. Differences in functional responses between FIC and normal UT indicate that this system is altered in IC/PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann T Hanna-Mitchell
- Departments of Medicine-Renal Electrolyte DivisionPharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda Wolf-Johnston
- Departments of Medicine-Renal Electrolyte DivisionPharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James R Roppolo
- Departments of Medicine-Renal Electrolyte DivisionPharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tony C A Buffington
- Departments of Medicine-Renal Electrolyte DivisionPharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lori A Birder
- Departments of Medicine-Renal Electrolyte DivisionPharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USADepartments of Medicine-Renal Electrolyte DivisionPharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Slominski AT, Manna PR, Tuckey RC. Cutaneous glucocorticosteroidogenesis: securing local homeostasis and the skin integrity. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:369-374. [PMID: 24888781 PMCID: PMC4046116 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human skin has the ability to synthesize glucocorticoids de novo from cholesterol or from steroid intermediates of systemic origin. By interacting with glucocorticoid receptors, they regulate skin immune functions as well as functions and phenotype of the epidermal, dermal and adnexal compartments. Most of the biochemical (enzyme and transporter activities) and regulatory (neuropeptides mediated activation of cAMP and protein kinase A dependent pathways) principles of steroidogenesis in the skin are similar to those operating in classical steroidogenic organs. However, there are also significant differences determined by the close proximity of synthesis and action (even within the same cells) allowing para-, auto- or intracrine modes of regulation. We also propose that ultraviolet light B (UVB) can regulate the availability of 7-dehydrocholesterol for transformation to cholesterol with its further metabolism to steroids, oxysterols or ∆7 steroids, because of its transformation to vitamin D3. In addition, UVB can rearrange locally produced ∆7 steroids to the corresponding secosteroids with a short- or no-side chain. Thus, different mechanisms of regulation occur in the skin that can be either stochastic or structuralized. We propose that local glucocorticosteroidogenic systems and their regulators, in concert with cognate receptors operate to stabilize skin homeostasis and prevent or attenuate skin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pulak R Manna
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Pang S, Wu H, Wang Q, Cai M, Shi W, Shang J. Chronic stress suppresses the expression of cutaneous hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis elements and melanogenesis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98283. [PMID: 24854026 PMCID: PMC4031121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress can affect skin function, and some skin diseases might be triggered or aggravated by stress. Stress can activate the central hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis, which causes glucocorticoid levels to increase. The skin has HPA axis elements that react to environmental stressors to regulate skin functions, such as melanogenesis. This study explores the mechanism whereby chronic stress affects skin pigmentation, focusing on the HPA axis, and investigates the role of glucocorticoids in this pathway. We exposed C57BL/6 male mice to two types of chronic stress, chronic restraint stress (CRS) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Mice subjected to either stress condition showed reduced melanogenesis. Interestingly, CRS and CUMS triggered reductions in the mRNA expression levels of key factors involved in the HPA axis in the skin. In mice administered corticosterone, decreased melanin synthesis and reduced expression of HPA axis elements were observed. The reduced expression of HPA axis elements and melanogenesis in the skin of stressed mice were reversed by RU486 (a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist) treatment. Glucocorticoids had no significant inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in vitro. These results suggest that, high levels of serum corticosterone induced by chronic stress can reduce the expression of elements of the skin HPA axis by glucocorticoid-dependent negative feedback. These activities can eventually result in decreased skin pigmentation. Our findings raise the possibility that chronic stress could be a risk factor for depigmentation by disrupting the cutaneous HPA axis and should prompt dermatologists to exercise more caution when using glucocorticoids for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Pang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huali Wu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minxuan Cai
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Shi
- Shanghai First People Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Shang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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49
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Kapoor A, Lubach G, Hedman C, Ziegler TE, Coe CL. Hormones in infant rhesus monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) hair at birth provide a window into the fetal environment. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:476-81. [PMID: 24418932 PMCID: PMC3961505 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is established that maternal parity can affect infant growth and risk for several disorders, but the prenatal endocrine milieu that contributes to these outcomes is still largely unknown. Recently, it has been shown that hormones deposited in hair can provide a retrospective reflection of hormone levels while the hair was growing. Taking advantage of this finding, our study utilized hair at birth to investigate if maternal parity affected fetal hormone exposure during late gestation. METHODS Hair was collected from primiparous and multiparous mother and infant monkeys at birth and used to determine steroid hormones embedded in hair while the infant was in utero. A high-pressure liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technique was refined, which enabled the simultaneous measurement of eight hormones. RESULTS Hormone concentrations were dramatically higher in neonatal compared to maternal hair, reflecting extended fetal exposure as the first hair was growing. Further, hair cortisone was higher in primiparous mothers and infants when compared to the multiparous dyads. CONCLUSION This research demonstrates that infant hair can be used to track fetal hormone exposure and a panel of steroid hormones can be quantified from hair specimens. Given the utility in nonhuman primates, this approach can be translated to a clinical setting with human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Correspondence: Dr. Amita Kapoor Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1223 Capital Court, Rm 205, Madison, WI, 53715, U.S.A. Tel: (608) 890-4386
| | - Gabriele Lubach
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Curtis Hedman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI
| | - Toni E. Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher L. Coe
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA, Zbytek B, Tobin DJ, Theoharides TC, Rivier J. Key role of CRF in the skin stress response system. Endocr Rev 2013; 34:827-84. [PMID: 23939821 PMCID: PMC3857130 DOI: 10.1210/er.2012-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or CRH defining the upper regulatory arm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, along with the identification of the corresponding receptors (CRFRs 1 and 2), represents a milestone in our understanding of central mechanisms regulating body and local homeostasis. We focused on the CRF-led signaling systems in the skin and offer a model for regulation of peripheral homeostasis based on the interaction of CRF and the structurally related urocortins with corresponding receptors and the resulting direct or indirect phenotypic effects that include regulation of epidermal barrier function, skin immune, pigmentary, adnexal, and dermal functions necessary to maintain local and systemic homeostasis. The regulatory modes of action include the classical CRF-led cutaneous equivalent of the central HPA axis, the expression and function of CRF and related peptides, and the stimulation of pro-opiomelanocortin peptides or cytokines. The key regulatory role is assigned to the CRFR-1α receptor, with other isoforms having modulatory effects. CRF can be released from sensory nerves and immune cells in response to emotional and environmental stressors. The expression sequence of peptides includes urocortin/CRF→pro-opiomelanocortin→ACTH, MSH, and β-endorphin. Expression of these peptides and of CRFR-1α is environmentally regulated, and their dysfunction can lead to skin and systemic diseases. Environmentally stressed skin can activate both the central and local HPA axis through either sensory nerves or humoral factors to turn on homeostatic responses counteracting cutaneous and systemic environmental damage. CRF and CRFR-1 may constitute novel targets through the use of specific agonists or antagonists, especially for therapy of skin diseases that worsen with stress, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 500, Memphis, Tennessee 38163.
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