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Urciuolo F, Imparato G, Netti PA. Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400357. [PMID: 38695274 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms exhibit synergistic effects among their components, giving rise to emergent properties crucial for their genesis and overall functionality and survival. Morphogenesis involves and relies upon intricate and biunivocal interactions among cells and their environment, that is, the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells secrete their own ECM, which in turn, regulates their morphogenetic program by controlling time and space presentation of matricellular signals. The ECM, once considered passive, is now recognized as an informative space where both biochemical and biophysical signals are tightly orchestrated. Replicating this sophisticated and highly interconnected informative media in a synthetic scaffold for tissue engineering is unattainable with current technology and this limits the capability to engineer functional human organs in vitro and in vivo. This review explores current limitations to in vitro organ morphogenesis, emphasizing the interplay of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and tissue microenvironment cues. In vitro efforts to replicate biological processes for barrier organs such as the lung and intestine, are examined. The importance of maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is highlighted to accurately replicate organ-specific properties. The review underscores the necessity for microphysiological systems that faithfully reproduce cell-native interactions, for advancing the understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Urciuolo
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) and Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, Napoli, 80125, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care (IIT@CRIB), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, L.go Barsanti e Matteucci, Napoli, 80125, Italy
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2
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Chen Y, Zhou H, Wu H, Lu W, He Y. Abnormal Fetal Lung of Hoxa1 -/- Piglets Is Rescued by Maternal Feeding with All-Trans Retinoic Acid. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2850. [PMID: 37760250 PMCID: PMC10525738 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal Hoxa1-/- piglets were characterized by dyspnea owing to the Hoxa1 mutation, and maternal administration with ATRA alleviated the dyspnea of neonatal Hoxa1-/- piglets. The purpose of this experiment was to explore how maternal ATRA administration rescued the abnormal fetal lungs of Hoxa1-/- piglets. Samples of the lungs were collected from neonatal Hoxa1-/- and non-Hoxa1-/- piglets delivered by sows in the control group, and from neonatal Hoxa1-/- piglets born by sows administered with ATRA at 4 mg/kg body weight on dpc 12, 13, or 14, respectively. These were used for the analysis of ELISA, histological morphology, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and quantitative real-time PCR. The results indicate that the Hoxa1 mutation had adverse impacts on the development of the alveoli and pulmonary microvessels of Hoxa1-/- piglets. Maternal administration with ATRA at 4 mg/kg body weight on dpc 14 rescued the abnormal lung development of Hoxa1-/- piglets by increasing the IFN-γ concentration (p < 0.05), airspace area (p < 0.01) and pulmonary microvessel density (p < 0.01); increasing the expression of VEGFD (p < 0.01), PDGFD (p < 0.01), KDR (p < 0.01), ID1 (p < 0.01), and NEDD4 (p < 0.01); and decreasing the septal wall thickness (p < 0.01) and the expression of SFTPC (p < 0.01) and FOXO3 (p < 0.01). Maternal administration with ATRA plays a vital role in rescuing the abnormal development of lung of Hoxa1-/- fetal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.C.); (W.L.)
- Department of Animal Science, Ganzhou Polytechnic, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Haimei Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Jiangxi Agricultural Engineering College, Zhangshu 331200, China;
| | - Huadong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.C.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Yuyong He
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.C.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
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3
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Gilbert RM, Gleghorn JP. Connecting clinical, environmental, and genetic factors point to an essential role for vitamin A signaling in the pathogenesis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L456-L467. [PMID: 36749917 PMCID: PMC10042603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00349.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental disorder that results in incomplete diaphragm formation, pulmonary hypoplasia, and pulmonary hypertension. Although a variety of genes have been linked to its etiology, CDH is not a monogenetic disease, and the cause of the condition is still unclear in the vast majority of clinical cases. By comparing human clinical data and experimental rodent data from the literature, we present clear support demonstrating the importance of vitamin A (vitA) during the early window of pregnancy when the diaphragm and lung are forming. Alteration of vitA signaling via dietary and genetic perturbations can create diaphragmatic defects. Unfortunately, vitA deficiency is chronic among people of child-bearing age, and this early window of diaphragm development occurs before many might be aware of pregnancy. Furthermore, there is an increased demand for vitA during this critical period, which exacerbates the likelihood of deficiency. It would be beneficial for the field to further investigate the connections between maternal vitA and CDH incidence, with the goal of determining vitA status as a CDH risk factor. Regular clinical monitoring of vitA levels in child-bearing years is a tractable method by which CDH outcomes could be prevented or improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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4
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Calthorpe RJ, Poulter C, Smyth AR, Sharkey D, Bhatt J, Jenkins G, Tatler AL. Complex roles of TGF-β signaling pathways in lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L285-L296. [PMID: 36625900 PMCID: PMC9988523 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00106.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As survival of extremely preterm infants continues to improve, there is also an associated increase in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), one of the most significant complications of preterm birth. BPD development is multifactorial resulting from exposure to multiple antenatal and postnatal stressors. BPD has both short-term health implications and long-term sequelae including increased respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological morbidity. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an important signaling pathway in lung development, organ injury, and fibrosis and is implicated in the development of BPD. This review provides a detailed account on the role of TGF-β in antenatal and postnatal lung development, the effect of known risk factors for BPD on the TGF-β signaling pathway, and how medications currently in use or under development, for the prevention or treatment of BPD, affect TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Calthorpe
- Lifespan & Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Poulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Smyth
- Lifespan & Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Don Sharkey
- Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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5
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Bouasker S, Patel N, Greenlees R, Wellesley D, Fares Taie L, Almontashiri NA, Baptista J, Alghamdi MA, Boissel S, Martinovic J, Prokudin I, Holden S, Mudhar HS, Riley LG, Nassif C, Attie-Bitach T, Miguet M, Delous M, Ernest S, Plaisancié J, Calvas P, Rozet JM, Khan AO, Hamdan FF, Jamieson RV, Alkuraya FS, Michaud JL, Chassaing N. Bi-allelic variants in WNT7B disrupt the development of multiple organs in humans. J Med Genet 2023; 60:294-300. [PMID: 35790350 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2022-108475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypoplasia, Diaphragmatic anomalies, Anophthalmia/microphthalmia and Cardiac defects delineate the PDAC syndrome. We aim to identify the cause of PDAC syndrome in patients who do not carry pathogenic variants in RARB and STRA6, which have been previously associated with this disorder. METHODS We sequenced the exome of patients with unexplained PDAC syndrome and performed functional validation of candidate variants. RESULTS We identified bi-allelic variants in WNT7B in fetuses with PDAC syndrome from two unrelated families. In one family, the fetus was homozygous for the c.292C>T (p.(Arg98*)) variant whereas the fetuses from the other family were compound heterozygous for the variants c.225C>G (p.(Tyr75*)) and c.562G>A (p.(Gly188Ser)). Finally, a molecular autopsy by proxy in a consanguineous couple that lost two babies due to lung hypoplasia revealed that both parents carry the p.(Arg98*) variant. Using a WNT signalling canonical luciferase assay, we demonstrated that the identified variants are deleterious. In addition, we found that wnt7bb mutant zebrafish display a defect of the swimbladder, an air-filled organ that is a structural homolog of the mammalian lung, suggesting that the function of WNT7B has been conserved during evolution for the development of these structures. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that defective WNT7B function underlies a form of lung hypoplasia that is associated with the PDAC syndrome, and provide evidence for involvement of the WNT-β-catenin pathway in human lung, tracheal, ocular, cardiac, and renal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bouasker
- Research Center, University Hospital Centre Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rebecca Greenlees
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network; and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Wellesley
- Wessex Clinical Genetic Service, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lucas Fares Taie
- Laboratory Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Naif A Almontashiri
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Madinah, Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia.,Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julia Baptista
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Malak Ali Alghamdi
- Medical Genetic Division, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Boissel
- Research Center, University Hospital Centre Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Unit of Fetal Pathology, APHP Hopital Antoine-Beclere, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Ivan Prokudin
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network; and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samantha Holden
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Hardeep-Singh Mudhar
- National Specialist Ophthalmic Pathology Service (NSOPS), Dept of Histopathology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lisa G Riley
- Rare Diseases Functional Genomics Laboratory, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sidney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christina Nassif
- Research Center, University Hospital Centre Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Marguerite Miguet
- Research Center, University Hospital Centre Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Marion Delous
- Equipe GENDEV, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Lyon 1, Université St Etienne, Lyon, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
| | - Sylvain Ernest
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Julie Plaisancié
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France.,INSERM U1214, ToNIC, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | - Jean-Michel Rozet
- Laboratory Genetics in Ophthalmology, INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute for Genetic Diseases, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Arif O Khan
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Fadi F Hamdan
- Research Center, University Hospital Centre Sainte-Justine, Montreal H3T 1C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney; The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network; and Save Sight Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health and Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacques L Michaud
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Québec, Canada .,Departments of Pediatrics and Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France .,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
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6
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Ikonomou L, Yampolskaya M, Mehta P. Multipotent Embryonic Lung Progenitors: Foundational Units of In Vitro and In Vivo Lung Organogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1413:49-70. [PMID: 37195526 PMCID: PMC10351616 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26625-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transient, tissue-specific, embryonic progenitors are important cell populations in vertebrate development. In the course of respiratory system development, multipotent mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors drive the diversification of fates that results to the plethora of cell types that compose the airways and alveolar space of the adult lungs. Use of mouse genetic models, including lineage tracing and loss-of-function studies, has elucidated signaling pathways that guide proliferation and differentiation of embryonic lung progenitors as well as transcription factors that underlie lung progenitor identity. Furthermore, pluripotent stem cell-derived and ex vivo expanded respiratory progenitors offer novel, tractable, high-fidelity systems that allow for mechanistic studies of cell fate decisions and developmental processes. As our understanding of embryonic progenitor biology deepens, we move closer to the goal of in vitro lung organogenesis and resulting applications in developmental biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laertis Ikonomou
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | | | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Computing and Data Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Anatomy and embryology of tracheo-esophageal fistula. Semin Pediatr Surg 2022; 31:151231. [PMID: 36459913 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2022.151231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anomalies in tracheo-esophageal development result in a spectrum of congenital malformations ranging from, most commonly, esophageal atresia with or without trachea-esophageal fistula (EA+/-TEF) to esophageal web, duplication, stricture, tracheomalacia and tracheal agenesis. Despite the relative frequency of EA, however, the underlying etiology remains unknown and is likely due to a combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. In recent years, animal models have dramatically increased our understanding of the molecular and morphological processes involved in normal esophageal development during the key stages of anterior-posterior regionalization, dorsal-ventral patterning and morphogenic separation. Moreover, the use of animal models in conjunction with increasingly advanced techniques such as genomic sequencing, sophisticated live imaging studies and organoid models have more recently cast light on potential mechanisms involved in EA pathogenesis. This article aims to unravel some of the mysteries behind the anatomy and embryology of EA whilst providing insights into future directions for research.
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9
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Roa Fuentes LA, Bloemen M, Carels CE, Wagener FA, Von den Hoff JW. Retinoic acid effects on in vitro palatal fusion and WNT signaling. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12899. [PMID: 36303276 PMCID: PMC10092745 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid is the main active vitamin A derivate and a key regulator of embryonic development. Excess of retinoic acid can disturb palate development in mice leading to cleft palate. WNT signaling is one of the main pathways in palate development. We evaluated the effects of retinoic acid on palate fusion and WNT signaling in in vitro explant cultures. Unfused palates from E13.5 mouse embryos were cultured for 4 days with 0.5 μM, 2 μM or without retinoic acid. Apoptosis, proliferation, WNT signaling and bone formation were analyzed by histology and quantitative PCR. Retinoic acid treatment with 0.5 and 2.0 μM reduced palate fusion from 84% (SD 6.8%) in the controls to 56% (SD 26%) and 16% (SD 19%), respectively. Additionally, 2 μM retinoic acid treatment increased Axin2 expression. Retinoic acid also increased the proliferation marker Pcna as well as the number of Ki-67-positive cells in the palate epithelium. At the same time, the WNT inhibitors Dkk1, Dkk3, Wif1 and Sfrp1 were downregulated at least two-fold. Retinoic acid also down-regulated Alpl and Col1a2 gene expression. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was notably reduced in the osteogenic areas of the retinoic acid- treated palates. Our data suggest that retinoic acid impairs palate fusion and bone formation by upregulation of WNT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Amelia Roa Fuentes
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Instructive Biomaterial Engineering (IBE), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon Bloemen
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carine El Carels
- Department of Human Genetics, KU University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Adtg Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Lewis ZR, Kerney R, Hanken J. Developmental basis of evolutionary lung loss in plethodontid salamanders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6108. [PMID: 35977024 PMCID: PMC9385146 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One or more members of four living amphibian clades have independently dispensed with pulmonary respiration and lack lungs, but little is known of the developmental basis of lung loss in any taxon. We use morphological, molecular, and experimental approaches to examine the Plethodontidae, a dominant family of salamanders, all of which are lungless as adults. We confirm an early anecdotal report that plethodontids complete early stages of lung morphogenesis: Transient embryonic lung primordia form but regress by apoptosis before hatching. Initiation of pulmonary development coincides with expression of the lung-specification gene Wnt2b in adjacent mesoderm, and the lung rudiment expresses pulmonary markers Nkx2.1 and Sox9. Lung developmental-genetic pathways are at least partially conserved despite the absence of functional adult lungs for at least 25 and possibly exceeding 60 million years. Adult lung loss appears associated with altered expression of signaling molecules that mediate later stages of tracheal and pulmonary development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Lewis
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Kerney
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, USA
| | - James Hanken
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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11
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Tsotakos N, Ahmed I, Umstead TM, Imamura Y, Yau E, Silveyra P, Chroneos ZC. All trans-retinoic acid modulates hyperoxia-induced suppression of NF-kB-dependent Wnt signaling in alveolar A549 epithelial cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272769. [PMID: 35947545 PMCID: PMC9365139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite recent advances in perinatal medicine, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common complication of preterm birth. Inflammation, the main cause for BPD, results in arrested alveolarization. All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), the active metabolite of Vitamin A, facilitates recovery from hyperoxia induced cell damage. The mechanisms involved in this response, and the genes activated, however, are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of ATRA in human lung epithelial cells exposed to hyperoxia. We hypothesized that ATRA reduces hyperoxia-induced inflammatory responses in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. METHODS A549 cells were exposed to hyperoxia with or without treatment with ATRA, followed by RNA-seq analysis. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis of A549 cells revealed ~2,000 differentially expressed genes with a higher than 2-fold change. Treatment of cells with ATRA alleviated some of the hyperoxia-induced changes, including Wnt signaling, cell adhesion and cytochrome P450 genes, partially through NF-κB signaling. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our findings support the idea that ATRA supplementation may decrease hyperoxia-induced disruption of the neonatal respiratory epithelium and alleviate development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tsotakos
- School of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric Yau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep & Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Zissis C. Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Varghese B, Ling Z, Ren X. Reconstructing the pulmonary niche with stem cells: a lung story. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:161. [PMID: 35410254 PMCID: PMC8996210 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The global burden of pulmonary disease highlights an overwhelming need in improving our understanding of lung development, disease, and treatment. It also calls for further advances in our ability to engineer the pulmonary system at cellular and tissue levels. The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offsets the relative inaccessibility of human lungs for studying developmental programs and disease mechanisms, all the while offering a potential source of cells and tissue for regenerative interventions. This review offers a perspective on where the lung stem cell field stands in terms of accomplishing these ambitious goals. We will trace the known stages and pathways involved in in vivo lung development and how they inspire the directed differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in vitro. We will also recap the efforts made to date to recapitulate the lung stem cell niche in vitro via engineered cell–cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbie Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zihan Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Scott Hall 4N111, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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13
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Jaslove JM, Goodwin K, Sundarakrishnan A, Spurlin JW, Mao S, Košmrlj A, Nelson CM. Transmural pressure signals through retinoic acid to regulate lung branching. Development 2022; 149:274047. [PMID: 35051272 PMCID: PMC8917413 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
During development, the mammalian lung undergoes several rounds of branching, the rate of which is tuned by the relative pressure of the fluid within the lumen of the lung. We carried out bioinformatics analysis of RNA-sequencing of embryonic mouse lungs cultured under physiologic or sub-physiologic transmural pressure and identified transcription factor-binding motifs near genes whose expression changes in response to pressure. Surprisingly, we found retinoic acid (RA) receptor binding sites significantly overrepresented in the promoters and enhancers of pressure-responsive genes. Consistently, increasing transmural pressure activates RA signaling, and pharmacologically inhibiting RA signaling decreases airway epithelial branching and smooth muscle wrapping. We found that pressure activates RA signaling through the mechanosensor Yap. A computational model predicts that mechanical signaling through Yap and RA affects lung branching by altering the balance between epithelial proliferation and smooth muscle wrapping, which we test experimentally. Our results reveal that transmural pressure signals through RA to balance the relative rates of epithelial growth and smooth muscle differentiation in the developing mouse lung and identify RA as a previously unreported component in the mechanotransduction machinery of embryonic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Jaslove
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Aswin Sundarakrishnan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - James W. Spurlin
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Princeton Institute for the Science & Technology of Materials, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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14
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Masui A, Hirai T, Gotoh S. Perspectives of future lung toxicology studies using human pluripotent stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:389-402. [PMID: 34973109 PMCID: PMC8720162 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The absence of in vitro platforms for human pulmonary toxicology studies is becoming an increasingly serious concern. The respiratory system has a dynamic mechanical structure that extends from the airways to the alveolar region. In addition, the epithelial, endothelial, stromal, and immune cells are highly organized in each region and interact with each other to function synergistically. These cells of varied lineage, particularly epithelial cells, have been difficult to use for long-term culture in vitro, thus limiting the development of useful experimental tools. This limitation has set a large distance between the bench and the bedside for analyzing the pathogenic mechanisms, the efficacy of candidate therapeutic agents, and the toxicity of compounds. Several researchers have proposed solutions to these problems by reporting on methods for generating human lung epithelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Moreover, the use of organoid culture, organ-on-a-chip, and material-based techniques have enabled the maintenance of functional PSC-derived lung epithelial cells as well as primary cells. The aforementioned technological advances have facilitated the in vitro recapitulation of genetic lung diseases and the detection of ameliorating or worsening effects of genetic and chemical interventions, thus indicating the future possibility of more sophisticated preclinical compound assessments in vitro. In this review, we will update the recent advances in lung cell culture methods, principally focusing on human PSC-derived lung epithelial organoid culture systems with the hope of their future application in toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masui
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Watarase Research Center, Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shimotsuga-gun, Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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15
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Developmental Pathways Underlying Lung Development and Congenital Lung Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112987. [PMID: 34831210 PMCID: PMC8616556 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung organogenesis is a highly coordinated process governed by a network of conserved signaling pathways that ultimately control patterning, growth, and differentiation. This rigorously regulated developmental process culminates with the formation of a fully functional organ. Conversely, failure to correctly regulate this intricate series of events results in severe abnormalities that may compromise postnatal survival or affect/disrupt lung function through early life and adulthood. Conditions like congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cysts, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia display unique forms of lung abnormalities. The etiology of these disorders is not yet completely understood; however, specific developmental pathways have already been reported as deregulated. In this sense, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to normal/abnormal lung growth and development and their impact on postnatal survival.
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16
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Kiyokawa H, Morimoto M. Molecular crosstalk in tracheal development and its recurrence in adult tissue regeneration. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1552-1567. [PMID: 33840142 PMCID: PMC8596979 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The trachea is a rigid air duct with some mobility, which comprises the upper region of the respiratory tract and delivers inhaled air to alveoli for gas exchange. During development, the tracheal primordium is first established at the ventral anterior foregut by interactions between the epithelium and mesenchyme through various signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Bmp, retinoic acid, Shh, and Fgf, and then segregates from digestive organs. Abnormalities in this crosstalk result in lethal congenital diseases, such as tracheal agenesis. Interestingly, these molecular mechanisms also play roles in tissue regeneration in adulthood, although it remains less understood compared with their roles in embryonic development. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of trachea development that regulate the morphogenesis of this simple tubular structure and identities of individual differentiated cells. We also discuss how the facultative regeneration capacity of the epithelium is established during development and maintained in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- Laboratory for Lung Development and RegenerationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchKobeJapan
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- Laboratory for Lung Development and RegenerationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchKobeJapan
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17
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Li S, Lei Y, Lei J, Li H. All‑trans retinoic acid promotes macrophage phagocytosis and decreases inflammation via inhibiting CD14/TLR4 in acute lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:868. [PMID: 34676874 PMCID: PMC8554390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical emergency and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can alleviate organ injury. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of ATRA in ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rats were treated with ATRA and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and protein content in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured to evaluate the effect of ATRA on ALI rats. Alveolar macrophages were isolated from the BALF. The phagocytic function of macrophages was detected using the chicken erythrocyte phagocytosis method and flow cytometry. The viability of macrophages was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and apoptosis was analyzed using a TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cluster of differentiation (CD)14 on the macrophage membrane were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of TLR4, CD14, phosphorylated (p)-65, p65, p-IκBα and IκBα were analyzed using western blotting. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the plasma of rats were detected by ELISA. Macrophages were treated with IAXO-102 (TLR4 inhibitor) to verify the involvement of CD14/TLR4 in the effect of ATRA on ALI. ATRA provided protection against LPS-induced ALI, as evidenced by the increased PaO2 and reduced lung W/D ratio and protein content in the BALF. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and viability and reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ALI rats. Mechanically, ATRA inhibited CD14 and TLR4 expression and NF-κB pathway activation. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and reduced inflammation by inhibiting the CD14/TLR4-NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced ALI. In summary, ATRA inactivated the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the expression of CD14/TLR4 receptor in the alveolar macrophages of rats, thus enhancing the phagocytic function of macrophages in ALI rats, improving the activity of macrophages, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing the levels of inflammatory factors, and consequently playing a protective role in ALI model rats. This study may offer novel insights for the clinical management of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxue Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yuansheng Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jieyun Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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18
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Raad S, David A, Que J, Faure C. Genetic Mouse Models and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Studying Tracheal-Esophageal Separation and Esophageal Development. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:953-966. [PMID: 32515280 PMCID: PMC9839344 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophagus and trachea arise from a common origin, the anterior foregut tube. The compartmentalization process of the foregut into the esophagus and trachea is still poorly understood. Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is one of the most common gastrointestinal congenital defects with an incidence rate of 1 in 2,500 births. EA/TEF is linked to the disruption of the compartmentalization process of the foregut tube. In EA/TEF patients, other organ anomalies and disorders have also been reported. Over the last two decades, animal models have shown the involvement of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors in the development of the esophagus and trachea. Use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to understand organogenesis has been a valuable tool for mimicking gastrointestinal and respiratory organs. This review focuses on the signaling mechanisms involved in esophageal development and the use of iPSCs to model and understand it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleen Raad
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anu David
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christophe Faure
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Esophageal Atresia Clinic and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Address correspondence to: Dr. Christophe Faure, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3715 Côte Sainte Catherine, Montreal H3T1C5, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Conway RF, Frum T, Conchola AS, Spence JR. Understanding Human Lung Development through In Vitro Model Systems. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000006. [PMID: 32310312 PMCID: PMC7433239 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An abundance of information about lung development in animal models exists; however, comparatively little is known about lung development in humans. Recent advances using primary human lung tissue combined with the use of human in vitro model systems, such as human pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue, have led to a growing understanding of the mechanisms governing human lung development. They have illuminated key differences between animal models and humans, underscoring the need for continued advancements in modeling human lung development and utilizing human tissue. This review discusses the use of human tissue and the use of human in vitro model systems that have been leveraged to better understand key regulators of human lung development and that have identified uniquely human features of development. This review also examines the implementation and challenges of human model systems and discusses how they can be applied to address knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F Conway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Ansley S Conchola
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB) Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
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20
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Daniel E, Barlow HR, Sutton GI, Gu X, Htike Y, Cowdin MA, Cleaver O. Cyp26b1 is an essential regulator of distal airway epithelial differentiation during lung development. Development 2020; 147:dev181560. [PMID: 32001436 PMCID: PMC7044453 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proper organ development depends on coordinated communication between multiple cell types. Retinoic acid (RA) is an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule essential for the development of most organs, including the lung. Despite extensive work detailing effects of RA deficiency in early lung morphogenesis, little is known about how RA regulates late gestational lung maturation. Here, we investigate the role of the RA catabolizing protein Cyp26b1 in the lung. Cyp26b1 is highly enriched in lung endothelial cells (ECs) throughout development. We find that loss of Cyp26b1 leads to reduction of alveolar type 1 cells, failure of alveolar inflation and early postnatal lethality in mouse. Furthermore, we observe expansion of distal epithelial progenitors, but no appreciable changes in proximal airways, ECs or stromal populations. Exogenous administration of RA during late gestation partially mimics these defects; however, transcriptional analyses comparing Cyp26b1-/- with RA-treated lungs reveal overlapping, but distinct, responses. These data suggest that defects observed in Cyp26b1-/- lungs are caused by both RA-dependent and RA-independent mechanisms. This work reports crucial cellular crosstalk during lung development involving Cyp26b1-expressing endothelium and identifies a novel RA modulator in lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Daniel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Haley R Barlow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gabrielle I Sutton
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaowu Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yadanar Htike
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mitzy A Cowdin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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21
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Fernandes-Silva H, Araújo-Silva H, Correia-Pinto J, Moura RS. Retinoic Acid: A Key Regulator of Lung Development. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010152. [PMID: 31963453 PMCID: PMC7022928 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a key molecular player in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. In embryo development, RA plays a crucial role in the formation of different organ systems, namely, the respiratory system. During lung development, there is a spatiotemporal regulation of RA levels that assures the formation of a fully functional organ. RA signaling influences lung specification, branching morphogenesis, and alveolarization by regulating the expression of particular target genes. Moreover, cooperation with other developmental pathways is essential to shape lung organogenesis. This review focuses on the events regulated by retinoic acid during lung developmental phases and pulmonary vascular development; also, it aims to provide a snapshot of RA interplay with other well-known regulators of lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fernandes-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- PhDOC PhD Program, ICVS/3B’s, School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Henrique Araújo-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rute S Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (H.A.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-12-5360-4911
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22
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Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A (VA), has long been recognized as a critical regulator of the development of the respiratory system. During embryogenesis, RA signaling is involved in the development of the trachea, airways, lung, and diaphragm. During postnatal life, RA continues to impact respiratory health. Disruption of RA activity during embryonic development produces dramatic phenotypes in animal models and human diseases, including tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheomalacia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), and lung agenesis or hypoplasia. Several experimental methods have been used to target RA pathways during the formation of the embryonic lung. These have been performed in different animal models using gain- and loss-of-function strategies and dietary, pharmacologic, and genetic approaches that deplete retinoid stores or disrupt retinoid signaling. Experiments utilizing these methods have led to a deeper understanding of RA's role as an important signaling molecule that influences all stages of lung development. Current research is uncovering RA cross talk interactions with other embryonic signaling factors, such as fibroblast growth factors, WNT, and transforming growth factor-beta.
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23
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Wang S, Yu J, Kane MA, Moise AR. Modulation of retinoid signaling: therapeutic opportunities in organ fibrosis and repair. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 205:107415. [PMID: 31629008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, is an important signaling molecule during embryonic development serving critical roles in morphogenesis, organ patterning and skeletal and neural development. Retinoic acid is also important in postnatal life in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, while retinoid-based therapies have long been used in the treatment of a variety of cancers and skin disorders. As the number of people living with chronic disorders continues to increase, there is great interest in extending the use of retinoid therapies in promoting the maintenance and repair of adult tissues. However, there are still many conflicting results as we struggle to understand the role of retinoic acid in the multitude of processes that contribute to tissue injury and repair. This review will assess our current knowledge of the role retinoic acid signaling in the development of fibroblasts, and their transformation to myofibroblasts, and of the potential use of retinoid therapies in the treatment of organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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24
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Kool HM, Bürgisser PE, Edel GG, de Kleer I, Boerema-de Munck A, de Laat I, Chrifi I, Cheng C, van Cappellen WA, Kremers GJ, Tibboel D, Rottier RJ. Inhibition of retinoic acid signaling induces aberrant pericyte coverage and differentiation resulting in vascular defects in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L317-L331. [PMID: 31268349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00104.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality and morbidity of patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is primarily caused by treatment-resistant, persistent pulmonary hypertension. Structural vascular changes, exemplified by extensive muscularization, are already present early in gestation, but the origin of these abnormalities is unknown. Understanding the origin of the vascular defects is important to improve treatment modalities. Here, we show that the distribution of pericytes is different and may thereby potentially initiate the vascular pathology in CDH. Transient inhibition of retinoic acid (RA) signaling early during pregnancy, the basis of the CDH mouse model, led to an increase in the number of pericytes, thereby affecting the angiogenic potential of pericytes in the fetuses. Pericytes of CDH lungs showed reduced proliferation and an increased ACTA2 expression, which indicates that these pericytes are more contractile than in control lung pericytes. This resulted in increased pericyte coverage of pulmonary vessels and reduced expansion of the capillary bed, the earliest pathological sign of the structural changes in CDH. Furthermore, the pericytes had reduced and altered collagen IV deposition in CDH, pointing to a loss of basal membrane integrity between pericytes and endothelial cells. Inhibition of RA signaling in vitro resulted in reduced migration of pericytes, reduced angiogenesis, and loss of collagen IV expression. Importantly, we confirmed our findings in lungs of human CDH patient samples. In summary, inhibition of RA signaling affects the lung pericyte population, leading to increased contractility, reduced pulmonary angiogenesis, and aberrant lung development, as observed in CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen M Kool
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E Bürgisser
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriëla G Edel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ismé de Kleer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Boerema-de Munck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge de Laat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ihsan Chrifi
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gert-Jan Kremers
- Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Cellular crosstalk in the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:551-566. [PMID: 31217577 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system, including the peripheral lungs, large airways and trachea, is one of the most recently evolved adaptations to terrestrial life. To support the exchange of respiratory gases, the respiratory system is interconnected with the cardiovascular system, and this interconnective nature requires a complex interplay between a myriad of cell types. Until recently, this complexity has hampered our understanding of how the respiratory system develops and responds to postnatal injury to maintain homeostasis. The advent of new single-cell sequencing technologies, developments in cellular and tissue imaging and advances in cell lineage tracing have begun to fill this gap. The view that emerges from these studies is that cellular and functional heterogeneity of the respiratory system is even greater than expected and also highly adaptive. In this Review, we explore the cellular crosstalk that coordinates the development and regeneration of the respiratory system. We discuss both the classic cell and developmental biology studies and recent single-cell analysis to provide an integrated understanding of the cellular niches that control how the respiratory system develops, interacts with the external environment and responds to injury.
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26
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Nakajima Y. Retinoic acid signaling in heart development. Genesis 2019; 57:e23300. [PMID: 31021052 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A metabolite that acts as a morphogen and teratogen. Excess or defective RA signaling causes developmental defects including in the heart. The heart develops from the anterior lateral plate mesoderm. Cardiogenesis involves successive steps, including formation of the primitive heart tube, cardiac looping, septation, chamber development, coronary vascularization, and completion of the four-chambered heart. RA is dispensable for primitive heart tube formation. Before looping, RA is required to define the anterior/posterior boundaries of the heart-forming mesoderm as well as to form the atrium and sinus venosus. In outflow tract elongation and septation, RA signaling is required to maintain/differentiate cardiogenic progenitors in the second heart field at the posterior pharyngeal arches level. Epicardium-secreted insulin-like growth factor, the expression of which is regulated by hepatic mesoderm-derived erythropoietin under the control of RA, promotes myocardial proliferation of the ventricular wall. Epicardium-derived RA induces the expression of angiogenic factors in the myocardium to form the coronary vasculature. In cardiogenic events at different stages, properly controlled RA signaling is required to establish the functional heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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27
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Saadeldin IM, Swelum AAA, Elsafadi M, Mahmood A, Yaqoob SH, Alfayez M, Alowaimer AN. Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on the in vitro maturation of camel (Camelus dromedarius) cumulus-oocyte complexes. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:215-221. [PMID: 30760649 PMCID: PMC6584179 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and has pleiotropic actions on many different biological processes, including cell growth and differentiation, and is involved in different aspects of fertility and developmental biology. In the current study, we investigated the effects of RA on camel (Camelus dromedarius) cumulus-oocyte complex in vitro maturation (IVM). IVM medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, and 40 µM RA. Application of 20 µM RA significantly reduced the proportion of degenerated oocytes and significantly improved oocyte meiosis and first polar body extrusion compared to the control and other experimental groups. Retinoic acid significantly reduced the mRNA transcript levels of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX and P53, and reduced the BAX/BCL2 ratio. In addition, RA significantly reduced the expression of the Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway-related transcripts associated with the actin cytoskeleton, ACTA2 and TAGLN; however, RA increased TGFβ expression in cumulus cells. The small molecule SB-431542 inhibits the TGFβ pathway by inhibiting the activity of activin receptor-like kinases (ALK-4, ALK-5, and ALK-7); however, combined supplementation with RA during IVM compensated for the inhibitory effect of SB-431542 on cumulus expansion, oocyte meiosis I, and first polar body extrusion in activated oocytes. The current study shows the beneficial effects of RA on camel oocyte IVM and provides a model to study the multifunctional mechanisms involved in cumulus expansion and oocyte meiosis, particularly those involved in the TGFβ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona Elsafadi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Mahmood
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Hilal Yaqoob
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Saudi Society for Camel Studies, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alowaimer
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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28
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de Carvalho ALRT, Strikoudis A, Liu HY, Chen YW, Dantas TJ, Vallee RB, Correia-Pinto J, Snoeck HW. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 induces multilineage maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung progenitors in 3D culture. Development 2019; 146:dev.171652. [PMID: 30578291 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although strategies for directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into lung and airway have been established, terminal maturation of the cells remains a vexing problem. We show here that in collagen I 3D cultures in the absence of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition, hPSC-derived lung progenitors (LPs) undergo multilineage maturation into proximal cells, type I alveolar epithelial cells and morphologically mature type II cells. Enhanced cell cycling, one of the signaling outputs of GSK3 inhibition, plays a role in the maturation-inhibiting effect of GSK3 inhibition. Using this model, we show NOTCH signaling induced a distal cell fate at the expense of a proximal and ciliated cell fate, whereas WNT signaling promoted a proximal club cell fate, thus implicating both signaling pathways in proximodistal specification in human lung development. These findings establish an approach to achieve multilineage maturation of lung and airway cells from hPSCs, demonstrate a pivotal role of GSK3 in the maturation of lung progenitors and provide novel insight into proximodistal specification during human lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Rodrigues Toste de Carvalho
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandros Strikoudis
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hsiao-Yun Liu
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tiago J Dantas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard B Vallee
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA .,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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29
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Retinoic acid signaling balances adult distal lung epithelial progenitor cell growth and differentiation. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:461-474. [PMID: 30236449 PMCID: PMC6197151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite compelling data describing pro-regenerative effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in pre-clinical models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), clinical trials using retinoids for emphysema patients have failed. Crucial information about the specific role of RA signaling in adult rodent and human lung epithelial progenitor cells is largely missing. Methods Adult lung organoid cultures were generated from isolated primary mouse and human lung epithelial cells, and incubated with pharmacological pathway modulators and recombinant proteins. Organoid number and size were measured, and differentiation was assessed with quantitative immunofluorescence and gene expression analyses. Findings We unexpectedly found that ATRA decreased lung organoid size, whereas RA pathway inhibition increased mouse and human lung organoid size. RA pathway inhibition stimulated mouse lung epithelial proliferation via YAP pathway activation and epithelial-mesenchymal FGF signaling, while concomitantly suppressing alveolar and airway differentiation. HDAC inhibition rescued differentiation in growth-augmented lung organoids. Interpretation In contrast to prevailing notions, our study suggests that regenerative pharmacology using transient RA pathway inhibition followed by HDAC inhibition might hold promise to promote lung epithelial regeneration in diseased adult lung tissue. Fund This project is funded by the Lung Foundation Netherlands (Longfonds) grant 6.1.14.009 (RG, MK, JS, PSH) and W2/W3 Professorship Award by the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (MK).
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30
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Chen F, Shao F, Hinds A, Yao S, Ram-Mohan S, Norman TA, Krishnan R, Fine A. Retinoic acid signaling is essential for airway smooth muscle homeostasis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120398. [PMID: 30135301 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a dynamic and complex tissue involved in regulation of bronchomotor tone, but the molecular events essential for the maintenance of ASM homeostasis are not well understood. Observational and genome-wide association studies in humans have linked airway function to the nutritional status of vitamin A and its bioactive metabolite retinoic acid (RA). Here, we provide evidence that ongoing RA signaling is critical for the regulation of adult ASM phenotype. By using dietary, pharmacologic, and genetic models in mice and humans, we show that (a) RA signaling is active in adult ASM in the normal lung, (b) RA-deficient ASM cells are hypertrophic, hypercontractile, profibrotic, but not hyperproliferative, (c) TGF-β signaling, known to cause ASM hypertrophy and airway fibrosis in human obstructive lung diseases, is hyperactivated in RA-deficient ASM, (d) pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of the TGF-β activity in ASM prevents the development of the aberrant phenotype induced by RA deficiency, and (e) the consequences of transient RA deficiency in ASM are long-lasting. These results indicate that RA signaling actively maintains adult ASM homeostasis, and disruption of RA signaling leads to aberrant ASM phenotypes similar to those seen in human chronic airway diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Chen
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fengzhi Shao
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sean Yao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sumati Ram-Mohan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy A Norman
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan Fine
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, West Roxbury Veterans Hospital, West Roxbury, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Chanda D, Otoupalova E, Smith SR, Volckaert T, De Langhe SP, Thannickal VJ. Developmental pathways in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:56-69. [PMID: 30130563 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and terminal lung disease with no known cure. IPF is a disease of aging, with median age of diagnosis over 65 years. Median survival is between 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. IPF is characterized primarily by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by activated lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, resulting in reduced gas exchange and impaired pulmonary function. Growing evidence supports the concept of a pro-fibrotic environment orchestrated by underlying factors such as genetic predisposition, chronic injury and aging, oxidative stress, and impaired regenerative responses may account for disease development and persistence. Currently, two FDA approved drugs have limited efficacy in the treatment of IPF. Many of the genes and gene networks associated with lung development are induced or activated in IPF. In this review, we analyze current knowledge in the field, gained from both basic and clinical research, to provide new insights into the disease process, and potential approaches to treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Eva Otoupalova
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Thomas Volckaert
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Stijn P De Langhe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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32
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Li H, Zhang J, Chen S, Wang F, Zhang T, Niswander L. Genetic contribution of retinoid-related genes to neural tube defects. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:550-562. [PMID: 29297599 PMCID: PMC5839987 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rare variants are considered underlying causes of complex diseases. The complex and severe group of disorders called neural tube defects (NTDs) results from failure of the neural tube to close during early embryogenesis. Neural tube closure requires the coordination of numerous signaling pathways, including the precise regulation of retinoic acid (RA) concentration, which is controlled by enzymes involved in RA synthesis and degradation. Here, we used a case-control mutation screen study to reveal rare variants in retinoid-related genes in a Han Chinese NTD population by sequencing six genes in 355 NTD cases and 225 controls. More specific rare variants were found in exonic and upstream regions in NTD cases. The RA-responsive genes CYP26A1, CRABP1, and ALDH1A2 harbored NTD-specific rare variants in their upstream regions. Unexpectedly, the majority of missense variants in NTD cases were found in CYP26B1, which encodes a RA degradation enzyme, whereas no missense variants in this gene were found in controls. Functional analysis indicated that the CYP26B1 NTD variants were inefficient in the degradation of RA using assays of RA-induced transcription and RA-initiated neuronal differentiation. Our study supports the contribution of rare variants in RA-related genes to the etiology of human NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lee Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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33
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Abashev TM, Metzler MA, Wright DM, Sandell LL. Retinoic acid signaling regulates Krt5 and Krt14 independently of stem cell markers in submandibular salivary gland epithelium. Dev Dyn 2018; 246:135-147. [PMID: 27884045 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, has been demonstrated to be important for growth and branching morphogenesis of mammalian embryonic salivary gland epithelium. However, it is not known whether RA functions directly within epithelial cells or in associated tissues that influence morphogenesis of salivary epithelium. Moreover, downstream targets of RA regulation have not been identified. RESULTS Here, we show that canonical RA signaling occurs in multiple tissues of embryonic mouse salivary glands, including epithelium, associated parasympathetic ganglion neurons, and nonneuronal mesenchyme. By culturing epithelium explants in isolation from other tissues, we demonstrate that RA influences epithelium morphogenesis by direct action in that tissue. Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of RA signaling represses cell proliferation and expression of FGF10 signaling targets, and upregulates expression of basal epithelial keratins Krt5 and Krt14. Importantly, we show that the stem cell gene Kit is regulated inversely from Krt5/Krt14 by RA signaling. CONCLUSIONS RA regulates Krt5 and Krt14 expression independently of stem cell character in developing salivary epithelium. RA, or chemical inhibitors of RA signaling, could potentially be used for modulating growth and differentiation of epithelial stem cells for the purpose of re-populating damaged glands or generating bioengineered organs. Developmental Dynamics 246:135-147, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M Abashev
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Melissa A Metzler
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Diana M Wright
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
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34
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Fernandes-Silva H, Vaz-Cunha P, Barbosa VB, Silva-Gonçalves C, Correia-Pinto J, Moura RS. Retinoic acid regulates avian lung branching through a molecular network. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4599-4619. [PMID: 28735443 PMCID: PMC11107646 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is of major importance during vertebrate embryonic development and its levels need to be strictly regulated otherwise congenital malformations will develop. Through the action of specific nuclear receptors, named RAR/RXR, RA regulates the expression of genes that eventually influence proliferation and tissue patterning. RA has been described as crucial for different stages of mammalian lung morphogenesis, and as part of a complex molecular network that contributes to precise organogenesis; nonetheless, nothing is known about its role in avian lung development. The current report characterizes, for the first time, the expression pattern of RA signaling members (stra6, raldh2, raldh3, cyp26a1, rarα, and rarβ) and potential RA downstream targets (sox2, sox9, meis1, meis2, tgfβ2, and id2) by in situ hybridization. In the attempt of unveiling the role of RA in chick lung branching, in vitro lung explants were performed. Supplementation studies revealed that RA stimulates lung branching in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression levels of cyp26a1, sox2, sox9, rarβ, meis2, hoxb5, tgfβ2, id2, fgf10, fgfr2, and shh were evaluated after RA treatment to disclose a putative molecular network underlying RA effect. In situ hybridization analysis showed that RA is able to alter cyp26a1, sox9, tgfβ2, and id2 spatial distribution; to increase rarβ, meis2, and hoxb5 expression levels; and has a very modest effect on sox2, fgf10, fgfr2, and shh expression levels. Overall, these findings support a role for RA in the proximal-distal patterning and branching morphogenesis of the avian lung and reveal intricate molecular interactions that ultimately orchestrate branching morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fernandes-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Vaz-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Violina Baranauskaite Barbosa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva-Gonçalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, 4710-243, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rute Silva Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- Biology Department, School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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35
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Hussain M, Xu C, Lu M, Wu X, Tang L, Wu X. Wnt/β-catenin signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3226-3242. [PMID: 28866134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic lung development requires reciprocal endodermal-mesodermal interactions; mediated by various signaling proteins. Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling protein that exhibits the pivotal role in lung development, injury and repair while aberrant expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling leads to asthmatic airway remodeling: characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle cells, alveolar and vascular damage goblet cells metaplasia, and deposition of extracellular matrix; resulting in decreased lung compliance and increased airway resistance. The substantial evidence suggests that Wnt/β-catenin signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Here, we summarized the recent advances related to the mechanistic role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung development, consequences of aberrant expression or deletion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in expansion and progression of asthmatic airway remodeling, and linking early-impaired pulmonary development and airway remodeling later in life. Finally, we emphasized all possible recent potential therapeutic significance and future prospectives, that are adaptable for therapeutic intervention to treat asthmatic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China.
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China.
| | - Lanfang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China.
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Diverse Functions of Retinoic Acid in Brain Vascular Development. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7786-801. [PMID: 27445154 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3952-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED As neural structures grow in size and increase metabolic demand, the CNS vasculature undergoes extensive growth, remodeling, and maturation. Signals from neural tissue act on endothelial cells to stimulate blood vessel ingression, vessel patterning, and acquisition of mature brain vascular traits, most notably the blood-brain barrier. Using mouse genetic and in vitro approaches, we identified retinoic acid (RA) as an important regulator of brain vascular development via non-cell-autonomous and cell-autonomous regulation of endothelial WNT signaling. Our analysis of globally RA-deficient embryos (Rdh10 mutants) points to an important, non-cell-autonomous function for RA in the development of the vasculature in the neocortex. We demonstrate that Rdh10 mutants have severe defects in cerebrovascular development and that this phenotype correlates with near absence of endothelial WNT signaling, specifically in the cerebrovasculature, and substantially elevated expression of WNT inhibitors in the neocortex. We show that RA can suppress the expression of WNT inhibitors in neocortical progenitors. Analysis of vasculature in non-neocortical brain regions suggested that RA may have a separate, cell-autonomous function in brain endothelial cells to inhibit WNT signaling. Using both gain and loss of RA signaling approaches, we show that RA signaling in brain endothelial cells can inhibit WNT-β-catenin transcriptional activity and that this is required to moderate the expression of WNT target Sox17. From this, a model emerges in which RA acts upstream of the WNT pathway via non-cell-autonomous and cell-autonomous mechanisms to ensure the formation of an adequate and stable brain vascular plexus. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Work presented here provides novel insight into important yet little understood aspects of brain vascular development, implicating for the first time a factor upstream of endothelial WNT signaling. We show that RA is permissive for cerebrovascular growth via suppression of WNT inhibitor expression in the neocortex. RA also functions cell-autonomously in brain endothelial cells to modulate WNT signaling and its downstream target, Sox17. The significance of this is although endothelial WNT signaling is required for neurovascular development, too much endothelial WNT signaling, as well as overexpression of its target Sox17, are detrimental. Therefore, RA may act as a "brake" on endothelial WNT signaling and Sox17 to ensure normal brain vascular development.
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Havrilak JA, Melton KR, Shannon JM. Endothelial cells are not required for specification of respiratory progenitors. Dev Biol 2017; 427:93-105. [PMID: 28501476 PMCID: PMC5551037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk between mesenchymal and epithelial cells influences organogenesis in multiple tissues, such as lung, pancreas, liver, and the nervous system. Lung mesenchyme comprises multiple cell types, however, and precise identification of the mesenchymal cell type(s) that drives early events in lung development remains unknown. Endothelial cells have been shown to be required for some aspects of lung epithelial patterning, lung stem cell differentiation, and regeneration after injury. Furthermore, endothelial cells are involved in early liver and pancreas development. From these observations we hypothesized that endothelial cells might also be required for early specification of the respiratory field and subsequent lung bud initiation. We first blocked VEGF signaling in E8.5 cultured foreguts with small molecule VEGFR inhibitors and found that lung specification and bud formation were unaltered. However, when we examined E9.5 mouse embryos carrying a mutation in the VEGFR Flk-1, which do not develop endothelial cells, we found that respiratory progenitor specification was impeded. Because the E9.5 embryos were substantially smaller than control littermates, suggesting the possibility of developmental delay, we isolated and cultured foreguts from mutant and control embryos on E8.5, when no size differences were apparent. We found that both specification of the respiratory field and lung bud formation occurred in mutant and control explants. These observations were unaffected by the presence or absence of serum. We also observed that hepatic specification and initiation occurred in the absence of endothelial cells, and that expansion of the liver epithelium in culture did not differ between mutant and control explants. Consistent with previously published results, we also found that pancreatic buds were not maintained in cultured foreguts when endothelial cells were absent. Our observations support the conclusion that endothelial cells are not required for early specification of lung progenitors and bud initiation, and that the diminished lung specification seen in E9.5 Flk-/- embryos is likely due to developmental delay resulting from the insufficient delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and other factors in the absence of a vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Havrilak
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Kristin R Melton
- Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - John M Shannon
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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Efficient Derivation of Functional Human Airway Epithelium from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Temporal Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:844-857.e6. [PMID: 28366587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective derivation of functional airway organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) would provide valuable models of lung disease and facilitate precision therapies for airway disorders such as cystic fibrosis. However, limited understanding of human airway patterning has made this goal challenging. Here, we show that cyclical modulation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway enables rapid directed differentiation of human iPSCs via an NKX2-1+ progenitor intermediate into functional proximal airway organoids. We find that human NKX2-1+ progenitors have high levels of Wnt activation but respond intrinsically to decreases in Wnt signaling by rapidly patterning into proximal airway lineages at the expense of distal fates. Using this directed approach, we were able to generate cystic fibrosis patient-specific iPSC-derived airway organoids with a defect in forskolin-induced swelling that is rescued by gene editing to correct the disease mutation. Our approach has many potential applications in modeling and drug screening for airway diseases.
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Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Alçada J, Montero MA, Dean CH, Griesenbach U, Griffiths MJ, Hind M. Deficient retinoid-driven angiogenesis may contribute to failure of adult human lung regeneration in emphysema. Thorax 2017; 72:510-521. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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New Insights Into the Roles of Retinoic Acid Signaling in Nervous System Development and the Establishment of Neurotransmitter Systems. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 330:1-84. [PMID: 28215529 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Secreted chiefly from the underlying mesoderm, the morphogen retinoic acid (RA) is well known to contribute to the specification, patterning, and differentiation of neural progenitors in the developing vertebrate nervous system. Furthermore, RA influences the subtype identity and neurotransmitter phenotype of subsets of maturing neurons, although relatively little is known about how these functions are mediated. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the roles played by RA signaling during the formation of the central and peripheral nervous systems of vertebrates and highlights its effects on the differentiation of several neurotransmitter systems. In addition, the evolutionary history of the RA signaling system is discussed, revealing both conserved properties and alternate modes of RA action. It is proposed that comparative approaches should be employed systematically to expand our knowledge of the context-dependent cellular mechanisms controlled by the multifunctional signaling molecule RA.
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Theus MH, Sparks JB, Liao X, Ren J, Luo XM. All- Trans-Retinoic Acid Augments the Histopathological Outcome of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Lupus-Prone MRL/lpr Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 65:69-81. [PMID: 27856824 DOI: 10.1369/0022155416679638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that treatment with all- trans-retinoic acid (tRA) induced a paradoxical effect on immune activation during the development of autoimmune lupus. Here, we further describe its negative effects on mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Female MRL/lpr mice were orally administered tRA or VARA (retinol mixed with 10% tRA) from 6 to 14 weeks of age. Both treatments had a significant effect on brain weight, which correlated with histopathological evidence of focal astrogliosis, meningitis, and ventriculitis. Infiltration of CD138- and Iba1-positve immune cells was observed in the third ventricle and meninges of treated mice that co-labeled with ICAM-1, indicating their inflammatory nature. Increased numbers of circulating plasma cells, autoantibodies, and total IgG were also apparent. IgG and C3 complement deposition in these brain regions were also prominent as was focal astrogliosis surrounding the ventricular lining and meninges. Using Fluoro-Jade staining, we further demonstrate that neuroinflammation was accompanied by neurodegeneration in the cortex of treated mice compared with vehicle controls. These findings indicate that vitamin A exposure exacerbates the immunogenic environment of the brain during the onset of systemic autoimmune disease. Vitamin A may therefore compromise the immuno-privileged nature of the central nervous system under a predisposed immunogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia (MHT, JBS, XL, JR, XML)
| | - Joshua B Sparks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia (MHT, JBS, XL, JR, XML)
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia (MHT, JBS, XL, JR, XML)
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia (MHT, JBS, XL, JR, XML)
| | - Xin M Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia (MHT, JBS, XL, JR, XML)
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Ota C, Baarsma HA, Wagner DE, Hilgendorff A, Königshoff M. Linking bronchopulmonary dysplasia to adult chronic lung diseases: role of WNT signaling. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:34. [PMID: 27718180 PMCID: PMC5055515 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in infants caused by pre- and/or postnatal lung injury. BPD is characterized by arrested alveolarization and vascularization due to extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation, and impaired growth factor signaling. WNT signaling is a critical pathway for normal lung development, and its altered signaling has been shown to be involved in the onset and progression of incurable chronic lung diseases in adulthood, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this review, we summarize the impact of WNT signaling on different stages of lung development and its potential contribution to developmental lung diseases, especially BPD, and chronic lung diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Ota
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.
| | - Hoeke A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,The Perinatal Center, Campus Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Xi J, He S, Wei C, Shen W, Liu J, Li K, Zhang Y, Yue J, Yang Z. Negative effects of retinoic acid on stem cell niche of mouse incisor. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:489-497. [PMID: 27771497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous growth of mouse incisors depends on epithelial stem cells (SCs) residing in the SC niche, called labial cervical loop (LaCL). The homeostasis of the SCs is subtly regulated by complex signaling networks. In this study, we focus on retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of Vitamin A and a known pivotal signaling molecule in controlling the functions of stem cells (SCs). We analyzed the expression profiles of several key molecules of the RA signaling pathway in cultured incisor explants upon exogenous RA treatment. The expression patterns of these molecules suggested a negative feedback regulation of RA signaling in the developing incisor. We demonstrated that exogenous RA had negative effects on incisor SCs and that this was accompanied by downregulation of Fgf10, a mesenchymally expressed SC survival factor in the mouse incisor. Supplement of Fgf10 in incisor cultures completely blocked RA effects by antagonizing apoptosis and increasing proliferation in LaCL epithelial SCs. In addition, Fgf10 obviously antagonized RA-induced downregulation of the SC marker Sox2 in incisor epithelial SCs. Our findings suggest that the negative effects of RA on incisor SCs result from inhibition of mesenchymal Fgf10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, 2 West Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Shijing He
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Cizhao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wanyao Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, 2 West Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jiang Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Zheqiong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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Mishra S, Choe Y, Pleasure SJ, Siegenthaler JA. Cerebrovascular defects in Foxc1 mutants correlate with aberrant WNT and VEGF-A pathways downstream of retinoic acid from the meninges. Dev Biol 2016; 420:148-165. [PMID: 27671872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Growth and maturation of the cerebrovasculature is a vital event in neocortical development however mechanisms that control cerebrovascular development remain poorly understood. Mutations in or deletions that include the FOXC1 gene are associated with congenital cerebrovascular anomalies and increased stroke risk in patients. Foxc1 mutant mice display severe cerebrovascular hemorrhage at late gestational ages. While these data demonstrate Foxc1 is required for cerebrovascular development, its broad expression in the brain vasculature combined with Foxc1 mutant's complex developmental defects have made it difficult to pinpoint its function(s). Using global and conditional Foxc1 mutants, we find 1) significant cerebrovascular growth defects precede cerebral hemorrhage and 2) expression of Foxc1 in neural crest-derived meninges and brain pericytes, though not endothelial cells, is required for normal cerebrovascular development. We provide evidence that reduced levels of meninges-derived retinoic acid (RA), caused by defects in meninges formation in Foxc1 mutants, is a major contributing factor to the cerebrovascular growth defects in Foxc1 mutants. We provide data that suggests that meninges-derived RA ensures adequate growth of the neocortical vasculature via regulating expression of WNT pathway proteins and neural progenitor derived-VEGF-A. Our findings offer the first evidence for a role of the meninges in brain vascular development and provide new insight into potential causes of cerebrovascular defects in patients with FOXC1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Julie A Siegenthaler
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Marquez HA, Cardoso WV. Vitamin A-retinoid signaling in pulmonary development and disease. Mol Cell Pediatr 2016; 3:28. [PMID: 27480876 PMCID: PMC4969253 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-016-0054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), the active form of vitamin A, regulates key developmental processes in multiple organs. In the developing lung, RA is crucial for normal growth and differentiation of airways. Disruption in RA signaling or vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has been linked to aberrant development of the lung including alterations in the airway smooth muscle (SM) differentiation, development, and function. These alterations have been linked to disease states including asthma in both human and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector A Marquez
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Wellington V Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Rankin SA, Han L, McCracken KW, Kenny AP, Anglin CT, Grigg EA, Crawford CM, Wells JM, Shannon JM, Zorn AM. A Retinoic Acid-Hedgehog Cascade Coordinates Mesoderm-Inducing Signals and Endoderm Competence during Lung Specification. Cell Rep 2016; 16:66-78. [PMID: 27320915 PMCID: PMC5314425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis of the trachea and lungs requires a complex series of mesoderm-endoderm interactions mediated by WNT, BMP, retinoic acid (RA), and hedgehog (Hh), but how these pathways interact in a gene regulatory network is less clear. Using Xenopus embryology, mouse genetics, and human ES cell cultures, we identified a conserved signaling cascade that initiates respiratory lineage specification. We show that RA has multiple roles; first RA pre-patterns the lateral plate mesoderm and then it promotes Hh ligand expression in the foregut endoderm. Hh subsequently signals back to the pre-patterned mesoderm to promote expression of the lung-inducing ligands Wnt2/2b and Bmp4. Finally, RA regulates the competence of the endoderm to activate the Nkx2-1+ respiratory program in response to these mesodermal WNT and BMP signals. These data provide insights into early lung development and a paradigm for how mesenchymal signals are coordinated with epithelial competence during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rankin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lu Han
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kyle W McCracken
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alan P Kenny
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Christopher T Anglin
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily A Grigg
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Calyn M Crawford
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James M Wells
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John M Shannon
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Perinatal Institute and Cincinnati Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Lenti E, Farinello D, Yokoyama KK, Penkov D, Castagnaro L, Lavorgna G, Wuputra K, Sandell LL, Tjaden NEB, Bernassola F, Caridi N, De Antoni A, Wagner M, Kozinc K, Niederreither K, Blasi F, Pasini D, Majdic G, Tonon G, Trainor PA, Brendolan A. Transcription factor TLX1 controls retinoic acid signaling to ensure spleen development. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2452-64. [PMID: 27214556 DOI: 10.1172/jci82956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that underlie spleen development and congenital asplenia, a condition linked to increased risk of overwhelming infections, remain largely unknown. The transcription factor TLX1 controls cell fate specification and organ expansion during spleen development, and Tlx1 deletion causes asplenia in mice. Deregulation of TLX1 expression has recently been proposed in the pathogenesis of congenital asplenia in patients carrying mutations of the gene-encoding transcription factor SF-1. Herein, we have shown that TLX1-dependent regulation of retinoic acid (RA) metabolism is critical for spleen organogenesis. In a murine model, loss of Tlx1 during formation of the splenic anlage increased RA signaling by regulating several genes involved in RA metabolism. Uncontrolled RA activity resulted in premature differentiation of mesenchymal cells and reduced vasculogenesis of the splenic primordium. Pharmacological inhibition of RA signaling in Tlx1-deficient animals partially rescued the spleen defect. Finally, spleen growth was impaired in mice lacking either cytochrome P450 26B1 (Cyp26b1), which results in excess RA, or retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10), which results in RA deficiency. Together, these findings establish TLX1 as a critical regulator of RA metabolism and provide mechanistic insights into the molecular determinants of human congenital asplenia.
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Kuznetsova ES, Zinovieva OL, Oparina NY, Prokofjeva MM, Spirin PV, Favorskaya IA, Zborovskaya IB, Lisitsyn NA, Prassolov VS, Mashkova TD. Abnormal expression of genes that regulate retinoid metabolism and signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893316020138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Dye BR, Miller AJ, Spence JR. How to Grow a Lung: Applying Principles of Developmental Biology to Generate Lung Lineages from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016; 4:47-57. [PMID: 27340610 PMCID: PMC4882378 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number and severity of diseases affecting human lung development and adult respiratory function has stimulated great interest in new in vitro models to study the human lung. This review summarizes the most recent breakthroughs deriving lung lineages in a dish by directing the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. A variety of culturing platforms have been developed, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional (organoid) culture platforms, to derive specific cell types and structures of the lung. These stem cell-derived lung models will further our understanding of human lung development, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Dye
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Alyssa J. Miller
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
- />Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
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Wang J, Liu W, Marion C, Singh R, Andrews N, Lee CG, Elias JA, Dela Cruz CS. Regulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor Beta by Interleukin-15 in the Lung during Cigarette Smoking and Influenza Virus Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 53:822-33. [PMID: 25923039 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0448oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced exacerbations often lead to further impairment of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IL-15 is critical in antiviral immune responses. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays an important role in tissue maintenance and repair, particularly in the lung. We studied RA signaling and its relation to IL-15 in the lung during cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and influenza virus infection. In vivo studies show that RA signaling is diminished by long-term CS exposure or influenza virus infection alone, which is further attenuated during infection after CS exposure. RA receptor β (RARβ) is specifically decreased in the lung of IL-15 transgenic (overexpression; IL-15Tg) mice, and a greater reduction in RARβ is found in these mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice after infection. RARβ is increased in IL-15 knockout (IL-15KO) mice compared with WT mice after infection, and the additive effect of CS and virus on RARβ down-regulation is diminished in IL-15KO mice. IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) is increased and RARβ is significantly decreased in lung interstitial macrophages from IL-15Tg mice compared with WT mice. In vitro studies show that IL-15 down-regulates RARβ in macrophages via IL-15Rα signaling during influenza virus infection. These studies suggest that RA signaling is significantly diminished in the lung by CS exposure and influenza virus infection. IL-15 specifically down-regulates RARβ expression, and RARβ may play a protective role in lung injury caused by CS exposure and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmiao Wang
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,2 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Wei Liu
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chad Marion
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rajvir Singh
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nathaniel Andrews
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- 3 Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jack A Elias
- 3 Medicine and Biologic Sciences, Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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