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Hernandez-Torres F, Matias-Valiente L, Alzas-Gomez V, Aranega AE. Macrophages in the Context of Muscle Regeneration and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10393. [PMID: 39408722 PMCID: PMC11477283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are essential to muscle regeneration, as they regulate inflammation, carry out phagocytosis, and facilitate tissue repair. These cells exhibit phenotypic switching from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) states during muscle repair, influencing myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myofiber formation. In Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), asynchronous muscle injuries disrupt the normal temporal stages of regeneration, leading to fibrosis and failed regeneration. Altered macrophage activity is associated with DMD progression and physiopathology. Gaining insight into the intricate relationship between macrophages and muscle cells is crucial for creating effective therapies aimed at treating this muscle disorder. This review explores the dynamic functions of macrophages in muscle regeneration and their implications in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-V.); (V.A.-G.)
| | - Lidia Matias-Valiente
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-V.); (V.A.-G.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Virginia Alzas-Gomez
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-V.); (V.A.-G.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Amelia Eva Aranega
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.M.-V.); (V.A.-G.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain
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2
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Baya NA, Erdem IS, Venkatesh SS, Reibe S, Charles PD, Navarro-Guerrero E, Hill B, Lassen FH, Claussnitzer M, Palmer DS, Lindgren CM. Combining evidence from human genetic and functional screens to identify pathways altering obesity and fat distribution. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.19.24313913. [PMID: 39371160 PMCID: PMC11451655 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.19.24313913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Overall adiposity and body fat distribution are heritable traits associated with altered risk of cardiometabolic disease and mortality. Performing rare variant (minor allele frequency<1%) association testing using exome-sequencing data from 402,375 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) for nine overall and tissue-specific fat distribution traits, we identified 19 genes where putatively damaging rare variation associated with at least one trait (Bonferroni-adjusted P<1.58×10-7) and 52 additional genes at FDR≤1% (P≤4.37×10-5). These 71 genes exhibited higher (P=3.58×10-18) common variant prioritisation scores than genes not significantly enriched for rare putatively damaging variation, with evidence of monotonic allelic series (dose-response relationships) among ultra-rare variants (minor allele count≤10) in 22 genes. Five of the 71 genes have cognate protein UKB Olink data available; all five associated (P<3.80×10-6) with three or more analysed traits. Combining rare and common variation evidence, allelic series and proteomics, we selected 17 genes for CRISPR knockout in human white adipose tissue cell lines. In three previously uncharacterised target genes, knockout increased (two-sided t-test P<0.05) lipid accumulation, a cellular phenotype relevant for fat mass traits, compared to Cas9-empty negative controls: COL5A3 (fold change [FC]=1.72, P=0.0028), EXOC7 (FC=1.35, P=0.0096), and TRIP10 (FC=1.39, P=0.0157); furthermore, knockout of SLTM resulted in reduced lipid accumulation (FC=0.51, P=1.91×10-4). Integrating across population-based genetic and in vitro functional evidence, we highlight therapeutic avenues for altering obesity and body fat distribution by modulating lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas A Baya
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Ilknur Sur Erdem
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Samvida S Venkatesh
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Reibe
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip D Charles
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Navarro-Guerrero
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Barney Hill
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Heymann Lassen
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease & Type 2 Diabetes Systems Genomics Initiative, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Duncan S Palmer
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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3
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Ahn C, Zhang T, Yang G, Rode T, Varshney P, Ghayur SJ, Chugh OK, Jiang H, Horowitz JF. Years of endurance exercise training remodel abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in adults with overweight or obesity. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1819-1836. [PMID: 39256590 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the structure and metabolic function of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) underlie many obesity-related health complications. Endurance exercise improves cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity, but the effects of endurance training on aSAT are unclear. We included male and female participants who were regular exercisers with overweight or obesity who exercised for >2 years, and cross-sectionally compared them with well-matched non-exercisers with overweight or obesity. Here we show aSAT from exercisers has a higher capillary density, lower Col6a abundance and fewer macrophages compared with non-exercisers. This is accompanied by a greater abundance of angiogenic, ribosomal, mitochondrial and lipogenic proteins. The abundance of phosphoproteins involved in protein translation, lipogenesis and direct regulation of transcripts is also greater in aSAT collected from exercisers. Exploratory ex vivo experiments demonstrate greater angiogenic capacity and higher lipid-storage capacity in samples cultured from aSAT collected from exercisers versus non-exercisers. Regular exercise may play a role in remodelling aSAT structure and proteomic profile in ways that may contribute to preserved cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gayoung Yang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pallavi Varshney
- Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophia J Ghayur
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivia K Chugh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Marzan AL, Chitti SV, Gummadi S, Kang T, Ang CS, Mathivanan S. Proteomics analysis of C2C12 myotubes treated with atrophy inducing cancer cell-derived factors. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2300020. [PMID: 37882347 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia is a wasting syndrome that results in dramatic loss of whole-body weight, predominantly due to loss of skeletal muscle mass. It has been established that cachexia inducing cancer cells secrete proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can induce muscle atrophy. Though several studies examined these cancer-cell derived factors, targeting some of these components have shown little or no clinical benefit. To develop new therapies, understanding of the dysregulated proteins and signaling pathways that regulate catabolic gene expression during muscle wasting is essential. Here, we sought to examine the effect of conditioned media (CM) that contain secreted factors and EVs from cachexia inducing C26 colon cancer cells on C2C12 myotubes using mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics. We identified significant changes in the protein profile of C2C12 cells upon exposure to C26-derived CM. Functional enrichment analysis revealed enrichment of proteins associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle catabolism, ROS production, and ER stress in CM treated myotubes. Furthermore, strong downregulation in muscle structural integrity and development and/or regenerative pathways were observed. Together, these enriched proteins in atrophied muscle could be utilized as potential muscle wasting markers and the dysregulated biological processes could be employed for therapeutic benefit in cancer-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar L Marzan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sai V Chitti
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sriram Gummadi
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Taeyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Han Q, Koyama T, Watabe S, Ishizaki S. Functional and Structural Properties of Type V Collagen from the Skin of the Shortbill Spearfish ( Tetrapturus angustirostris). Molecules 2024; 29:2518. [PMID: 38893394 PMCID: PMC11173678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Type V collagen is considered to be a crucial minor collagen in fish skin with unique physiological functions. In this research, the cDNAs of three procollagens (Tacol5a1, Tacol5a2, and Tacol5a3) in type V collagen were cloned from the skin of shortbill spearfish (Tetrapturus angustirostris). The open reading frames (ORFs) of Tacol5a1, Tacol5a2, and Tacol5a3 contained 5991, 4485, and 5607 bps, respectively, encoding 1997, 1495, and 1869 amino acid residues. Each of the deduced amino acid sequences of procollagens contained a signal peptide and a fibrillar collagen C-terminal domain (COLFI). A conserved thrombospondin-like N-terminal domain (TSPN) was found at the N-terminus of Tacol5a1 and 5a3 procollagens, whereas a von Willebrand factor (VWC) was found at the N-terminus of Tacol5a2 procollagen. Tacol5a1, Tacol5a2, and Tacol5a3 had their theoretical isoelectric points of 5.06, 6.75, and 5.76, respectively, and predicted molecular weights of 198,435.60, 145,058.48, and 189,171.18, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that Tacol5a1 of shortbill spearfish clustered with that of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) instead of broadbill swordfish (Xiphias gladius). In addition, type V collagen was extracted from the shortbill spearfish skin. The in silico method demonstrated that shortbill spearfish type V collagen has a high potential for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity (79.50%), dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition (74.91%) activity, and antithrombotic activity (46.83%). The structural clarification and possible functional investigation in this study provide the foundation for the applications of exogenous type V collagen derived from fish sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Han
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; (Q.H.)
| | - Tomoyuki Koyama
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; (Q.H.)
| | - Shugo Watabe
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0373, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; (Q.H.)
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6
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Islam MT, Jang NH, Lee HJ. Natural Products as Regulators against Matrix Metalloproteinases for the Treatment of Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 38672151 PMCID: PMC11048580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancers are currently the major cause of mortality in the world. According to previous studies, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have an impact on tumor cell proliferation, which could lead to the onset and progression of cancers. Therefore, regulating the expression and activity of MMPs, especially MMP-2 and MMP-9, could be a promising strategy to reduce the risk of cancers. Various studies have tried to investigate and understand the pathophysiology of cancers to suggest potent treatments. In this review, we summarize how natural products from marine organisms and plants, as regulators of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and enzymatic activity, can operate as potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Towhedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Nak Han Jang
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
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7
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Krishtul S, Skitel Moshe M, Kovrigina I, Baruch L, Machluf M. ECM-based bioactive microencapsulation significantly improves islet function and graft performance. Acta Biomater 2023; 171:249-260. [PMID: 37708927 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation is a promising strategy to prolong the survival and function of transplanted pancreatic islets for diabetes therapy, albeit its translation has been impeded by incoherent graft performance. The use of decellularized ECM has lately gained substantial research momentum due to its innate capacity to augment the function of cells originating from the same tissue type. In the present study, the advantages of both these approaches are leveraged in a porcine pancreatic ECM (pECM)-based microencapsulation platform, thus significantly enhancing murine pancreatic islet performance. pECM-encapsulated islets sustain high insulin secretion levels in vitro, surpassing those of islets encapsulated in conventional alginate microcapsules. Moreover, pECM-encapsulated islet cells proliferate and produce an enriched intra-islet ECM framework, displaying a distinctive structural rearrangement. The beneficial effect of pECM encapsulation is further reinforced by the temporary protection against cytokine-induced cytotoxicity. In-vivo, this platform significantly improves glucose tolerance and achieves glycemic correction in 100% of immunocompetent diabetic mice without any immunosuppression, compared to only 50% mice achieved glycemic correction by alginate encapsulation. Altogether, the results presented herein reveal that pECM-based microencapsulation offers a natural pancreatic niche that can restore the function of isolated pancreatic islets and deliver them safely, avoiding the need for immunosuppression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Aiming to improve pancreatic islet transplantation outcomes in diabetic patients, we developed a microencapsulation platform based on pancreatic extracellular matrix (pECM). In these microcapsules the islets are entrapped within a pECM hydrogel that mimics the natural pancreatic microenvironment. We show that pECM encapsulation supports the islets' viability and function in culture, and provides temporal protection against cytokine-induced stress. In a diabetic mouse model, pECM encapsulation significantly improved glucose tolerance and achieved glycemic correction without any immunosuppression. These results reveal the potential of pECM encapsulation as a viable treatment for diabetes, providing a solid scientific basis for more advanced preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia Krishtul
- Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Michal Skitel Moshe
- Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Inna Kovrigina
- Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Limor Baruch
- Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Marcelle Machluf
- Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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8
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Moon S, Alsarkhi L, Lin TT, Inoue R, Tahiri A, Colson C, Cai W, Shirakawa J, Qian WJ, Zhao JY, El Ouaamari A. Transcriptome and secretome profiling of sensory neurons reveals sex differences in pathways relevant to insulin sensing and insulin secretion. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23185. [PMID: 37695721 PMCID: PMC10503313 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300941r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) convey somatosensory and metabolic cues to the central nervous system and release substances from stimulated terminal endings in peripheral organs. Sex-biased variations driven by the sex chromosome complement (XX and XY) have been implicated in the sensory-islet crosstalk. However, the molecular underpinnings of these male-female differences are not known. Here, we aim to characterize the molecular repertoire and the secretome profile of the lower thoracic spinal sensory neurons and to identify molecules with sex-biased insulin sensing- and/or insulin secretion-modulating activity that are encoded independently of circulating gonadal sex hormones. We used transcriptomics and proteomics to uncover differentially expressed genes and secreted molecules in lower thoracic T5-12 DRG sensory neurons derived from sexually immature 3-week-old male and female C57BL/6J mice. Comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed differential gene expression and protein secretion in DRG neurons in males and females. The transcriptome analysis identified, among others, higher insulin signaling/sensing capabilities in female DRG neurons; secretome screening uncovered several sex-specific candidate molecules with potential regulatory functions in pancreatic β cells. Together, these data suggest a putative role of sensory interoception of insulin in the DRG-islet crosstalk with implications in sensory feedback loops in the regulation of β-cell activity in a sex-biased manner. Finally, we provide a valuable resource of molecular and secretory targets that can be leveraged for understanding insulin interoception and insulin secretion and inform the development of novel studies/approaches to fathom the role of the sensory-islet axis in the regulation of energy balance in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Moon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Lamyaa Alsarkhi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
| | - Tai-Tu Lin
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Azeddine Tahiri
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
| | - Cecilia Colson
- The Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Jerry Yingtao Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 01595, USA
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9
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Karwen T, Kolczynska‐Matysiak K, Gross C, Löffler MC, Friedrich M, Loza‐Valdes A, Schmitz W, Wit M, Dziaczkowski F, Belykh A, Trujillo‐Viera J, El‐Merahbi R, Deppermann C, Nawaz S, Hastoy B, Demczuk A, Erk M, Wieckowski MR, Rorsman P, Heinze KG, Stegner D, Nieswandt B, Sumara G. Platelet-derived lipids promote insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e16858. [PMID: 37490001 PMCID: PMC10493578 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperreactive platelets are commonly observed in diabetic patients indicating a potential link between glucose homeostasis and platelet reactivity. This raises the possibility that platelets may play a role in the regulation of metabolism. Pancreatic β cells are the central regulators of systemic glucose homeostasis. Here, we show that factor(s) derived from β cells stimulate platelet activity and platelets selectively localize to the vascular endothelium of pancreatic islets. Both depletion of platelets and ablation of major platelet adhesion or activation pathways consistently resulted in impaired glucose tolerance and decreased circulating insulin levels. Furthermore, we found platelet-derived lipid classes to promote insulin secretion and identified 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) as the main factor promoting β cells function. Finally, we demonstrate that the levels of platelet-derived 20-HETE decline with age and that this parallels with reduced impact of platelets on β cell function. Our findings identify an unexpected function of platelets in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose metabolism, which promotes metabolic fitness in young individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Karwen
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Carina Gross
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mona C Löffler
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mike Friedrich
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Angel Loza‐Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, BiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Filip Dziaczkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Andrei Belykh
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Jonathan Trujillo‐Viera
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Rabih El‐Merahbi
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Center for Thrombosis and HemostasisUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Sameena Nawaz
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Agnieszka Demczuk
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Manuela Erk
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GöteborgGöteborgSweden
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research CentreChurchill HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - David Stegner
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine IUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational BioimagingJulius‐Maximilians University of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
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10
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Brennecke BR, Yang US, Liu S, Ilerisoy FS, Ilerisoy BN, Joglekar A, Kim LB, Peachee SJ, Richtsmeier SL, Stephens SB, Sander EA, Strack S, Moninger TO, Ankrum JA, Imai Y. Utilization of commercial collagens for preparing well-differentiated human beta cells for confocal microscopy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1187216. [PMID: 37305047 PMCID: PMC10248405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1187216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With technical advances, confocal and super-resolution microscopy have become powerful tools to dissect cellular pathophysiology. Cell attachment to glass surfaces compatible with advanced imaging is critical prerequisite but remains a considerable challenge for human beta cells. Recently, Phelps et al. reported that human beta cells plated on type IV collagen (Col IV) and cultured in neuronal medium preserve beta cell characteristics. Methods We examined human islet cells plated on two commercial sources of Col IV (C6745 and C5533) and type V collagen (Col V) for differences in cell morphology by confocal microscopy and secretory function by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Collagens were authenticated by mass spectrometry and fluorescent collagen-binding adhesion protein CNA35. Results All three preparations allowed attachment of beta cells with high nuclear localization of NKX6.1, indicating a well-differentiated status. All collagen preparations supported robust GSIS. However, the morphology of islet cells differed between the 3 preparations. C5533 showed preferable features as an imaging platform with the greatest cell spread and limited stacking of cells followed by Col V and C6745. A significant difference in attachment behavior of C6745 was attributed to the low collagen contents of this preparation indicating importance of authentication of coating material. Human islet cells plated on C5533 showed dynamic changes in mitochondria and lipid droplets (LDs) in response to an uncoupling agent 2-[2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazinylidene]-propanedinitrile (FCCP) or high glucose + oleic acid. Discussion An authenticated preparation of Col IV provides a simple platform to apply advanced imaging for studies of human islet cell function and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R. Brennecke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - USeong Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Fatma S. Ilerisoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Beyza N. Ilerisoy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Aditya Joglekar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lucy B. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Spencer J. Peachee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Syreine L. Richtsmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Samuel B. Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edward A. Sander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thomas O. Moninger
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, Roy G. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - James A. Ankrum
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Medical Service, Endocrinology Section, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
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11
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Jääskeläinen I, Petäistö T, Mirzarazi Dahagi E, Mahmoodi M, Pihlajaniemi T, Kaartinen MT, Heljasvaara R. Collagens Regulating Adipose Tissue Formation and Functions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051412. [PMID: 37239083 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The globally increasing prevalence of obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver. Excess adipose tissue (AT) often leads to its malfunction and to a systemic metabolic dysfunction because, in addition to storing lipids, AT is an active endocrine system. Adipocytes are embedded in a unique extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides structural support to the cells as well as participating in the regulation of their functions, such as proliferation and differentiation. Adipocytes have a thin pericellular layer of a specialized ECM, referred to as the basement membrane (BM), which is an important functional unit that lies between cells and tissue stroma. Collagens form a major group of proteins in the ECM, and some of them, especially the BM-associated collagens, support AT functions and participate in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. In pathological conditions such as obesity, AT often proceeds to fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of large collagen bundles, which disturbs the natural functions of the AT. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the vertebrate collagens that are important for AT development and function and include basic information on some other important ECM components, principally fibronectin, of the AT. We also briefly discuss the function of AT collagens in certain metabolic diseases in which they have been shown to play central roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iida Jääskeläinen
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Petäistö
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Elahe Mirzarazi Dahagi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Mahdokht Mahmoodi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari T Kaartinen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- ECM-Hypoxia Research Unit, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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12
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Pu Y, Ticiani E, Waye AA, Dong K, Zhang H, Veiga-Lopez A. Sex-specific extracellular matrix remodeling during early adipogenic differentiation by gestational bisphenol A exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134806. [PMID: 35504463 PMCID: PMC9575584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical known to promote adipose tissue mass in vivo and adipogenesis in vitro. Whether BPA can affect and reprogram early adipogenic differentiation signals that trigger adipogenic differentiation, remains unknown. We hypothesized that gestational BPA exposure results in a preadipocyte phenotype that leads to accelerated adipogenic differentiation, and that this phenotype is sex specific. Primary ovine fetal preadipocytes were derived from control (C) and BPA-exposed during pregnancy and differentiated in vitro. Gestational BPA enhanced lipid accumulation at early stages of differentiation (48 h) and this was evident in females but not male-derived fetal preadipocytes. After an RNA sequencing approach, samples were compared as follows: 2 groups (C vs. BPA); 2 sexes (female (F) vs. male (M)); and 2 time points (0 h vs. 48 h). Before differentiation, 15 genes were differentially expressed between the C and the BPA-exposed preadipocytes within sex. In BPA-F, extracellular matrix remodeling genes cathepsin K and collagen 5α3 were upregulated compared to C-F. At 48 h, BPA-F had 154 genes differentially expressed vs. C-F and BPA-M had 487 genes differentially expressed vs. C-M. Triglyceride and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the most upregulated pathways in BPA-F. Downregulated pathways were associated with extracellular matrix organization in BPA-exposed preadipocytes. These findings are among the first to demonstrate that gestational BPA can modify the fate of adipocyte precursors by altering pathways associated to extracellular matrix components, an often-disregarded, but required aspect of adipogenic differentiation. This work highlights the need to investigate early adipogenic differentiation changes in other obesogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Anita A Waye
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, 48823, USA
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, 48823, USA
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, 60612, USA.
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13
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Yousuf S, Li A, Feng H, Lui T, Huang W, Zhang X, Xie L, Miao X. Genome-Wide Expression Profiling and Networking Reveals an Imperative Role of IMF-Associated Novel CircRNAs as ceRNA in Pigs. Cells 2022; 11:2638. [PMID: 36078046 PMCID: PMC9454643 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition is a biological process that has a strong impact on the nutritional and sensorial properties of meat, with relevant consequences on human health. Pork loins determine the effects of marbling on the sensory attributes and meat quality properties, which differ among various pig breeds. This study explores the crosstalk of non-coding RNAs with mRNAs and analyzes the potential pathogenic role of IMF-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in IMF tissues, which offer a framework for the functional validation of key/potential genes. A high-throughput whole-genome transcriptome analysis of IMF tissues from longissimus dorsi muscles of Large White (D_JN) and Laiwu (L_JN) pigs resulted in the identification of 283 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), including two key circRNAs (circRNA-23437, circRNA-08840) with potential binding sites for multiple miRNAs regulating the whole network. The potential ceRNA mechanism identified the DEC target miRNAs-mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism, fat deposition, meat quality, and metabolic syndrome via the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network, concluding that ssc-mir-370 is the most important target miRNA shared by both key circRNAs. TGM2, SLC5A6, ECI1, FASN, PER1, SLC25A34, SOD1, and COL5A3 were identified as hub genes through an intensive protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of target genes acquired from the ceRNA regulatory network. Functional enrichments, pathway examinations, and qRT-PCR analyses infer their implications in fat/cholesterol metabolism, insulin secretion, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Here, circRNAs and miRNA sequencing accompanied by computational techniques were performed to analyze their expressions in IMF tissues from the longissimus dorsi muscles of two pig breeds. Their target gene evolutionary trajectories, expression profiling, functional enrichments, subcellular localizations, and structural advances with high-throughput protein modeling, following genomic organizations, will provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation and IMF deposition and a much-needed qualitative framework for future research to improve meat quality and its role as a biomarker to treat lipid metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiangyang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Deaton AM, Dubey A, Ward LD, Dornbos P, Flannick J, Yee E, Ticau S, Noetzli L, Parker MM, Hoffing RA, Willis C, Plekan ME, Holleman AM, Hinkle G, Fitzgerald K, Vaishnaw AK, Nioi P. Rare loss of function variants in the hepatokine gene INHBE protect from abdominal obesity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4319. [PMID: 35896531 PMCID: PMC9329324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genetic variants associated with lower waist-to-hip ratio can reveal new therapeutic targets for abdominal obesity. We use exome sequences from 362,679 individuals to identify genes associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (WHRadjBMI), a surrogate for abdominal fat that is causally linked to type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Predicted loss of function (pLOF) variants in INHBE associate with lower WHRadjBMI and this association replicates in data from AMP-T2D-GENES. INHBE encodes a secreted protein, the hepatokine activin E. In vitro characterization of the most common INHBE pLOF variant in our study, indicates an in-frame deletion resulting in a 90% reduction in secreted protein levels. We detect associations with lower WHRadjBMI for variants in ACVR1C, encoding an activin receptor, further highlighting the involvement of activins in regulating fat distribution. These findings highlight activin E as a potential therapeutic target for abdominal obesity, a phenotype linked to cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Dornbos
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine Yee
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Nioi
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang L, Wang L, He J, Ma H, Wang L. Preliminary identification and analysis of differential RNA editing between higher and lower backfat thickness pigs using DNA-seq and RNA-seq data. Anim Genet 2022; 53:327-339. [PMID: 35342974 DOI: 10.1111/age.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RNA editing is an essential post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. However, few studies have investigated the functional RNA edits in the economic traits of livestock on a genome-wide scale. Pigs are one of the most important livestock species and their fat is the principal organ involved in the regulation of adipose deposition. Here, we used three full-sibling pairs, with each pair comprising a pig with higher backfat (BF) thickness and lower backfat thickness, to identify RNA editing events based on whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing data. A total of 60,903 non-redundant RNA editing sites with 59,472 (97.7%) A-to-G edits were detected using a revised bioinformatics pipeline. A specific sequence context with G preference was found one base downstream of the edited site, and the editing level was associated with the distribution of nucleotides across nearly sites. Moreover, the A-to-G editing sites mostly occurred in the pig-special short interspersed nuclear elements, Pre0_SS. Comparing the difference between pigs with higher BF and lower BF, we found 211 differentially edited sites (DESites). Functional enrichment analyses revealed a significant enrichment of genes containing DESites in terms of adipose deposition. The DESites located in the six adipose-related genes (SKP1, GSK3B, COL5A3, MDM4, NT5C2, and DENND2A) were selected as candidate RNA editing sites associated with adipose deposition, and thus require further evaluation. This study mined the potentially functional RNA editing sites in pig adipose tissue and indicated that RNA editing may play an important role in adipose deposition, which provides a new insight into the post-transcriptionally mediated regulation mechanism of fat development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Ahn C, Ryan BJ, Schleh MW, Varshney P, Ludzki AC, Gillen JB, Van Pelt DW, Pitchford LM, Howton SM, Rode T, Hummel SL, Burant CF, Little JP, Horowitz JF. Exercise training remodels subcutaneous adipose tissue in adults with obesity even without weight loss. J Physiol 2022; 600:2127-2146. [PMID: 35249225 PMCID: PMC9058215 DOI: 10.1113/jp282371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive adipose tissue mass underlies much of the metabolic health complications in obesity. Although exercise training is known to improve metabolic health in individuals with obesity, the effects of exercise training without weight loss on adipose tissue structure and metabolic function remain unclear. Thirty-six adults with obesity (body mass index = 33 ± 3 kg · m-2 ) were assigned to 12 weeks (4 days week-1 ) of either moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 70% maximal heart rate, 45 min; n = 17) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT; 90% maximal heart rate, 10 × 1 min; n = 19), maintaining their body weight throughout. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) biopsy samples were collected once before and twice after training (1 day after last exercise and again 4 days later). Exercise training modified aSAT morphology (i.e. reduced fat cell size, increased collagen type 5a3, both P ≤ 0.05, increased capillary density, P = 0.05) and altered protein abundance of factors that regulate aSAT remodelling (i.e. reduced matrix metallopeptidase 9; P = 0.02; increased angiopoietin-2; P < 0.01). Exercise training also increased protein abundance of factors that regulate lipid metabolism (e.g. hormone sensitive lipase and fatty acid translocase; P ≤ 0.03) and key proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway when measured the day after the last exercise session. However, most of these exercise-mediated changes were no longer significant 4 days after exercise. Importantly, MICT and HIIT induced remarkably similar adaptations in aSAT. Collectively, even in the absence of weight loss, 12 weeks of exercise training induced changes in aSAT structure, as well as factors that regulate metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity. KEY POINTS: Exercise training is well-known to improve metabolic health in obesity, although how exercise modifies the structure and metabolic function of adipose tissue, in the absence of weight loss, remains unclear. We report that both 12 weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) induced modifications in adipose tissue structure and factors that regulate adipose tissue remodelling, metabolism and the inflammatory signal pathway in adults with obesity, even without weight loss (with no meaningful differences between MICT and HIIT). The modest modifications in adipose tissue structure in response to 12 weeks of MICT or HIIT did not lead to changes in the rate of fatty acid release from adipose tissue. These results expand our understanding about the effects of two commonly used exercise training prescriptions (MICT and HIIT) on adipose tissue remodelling that may lead to advanced strategies for improving metabolic health outcomes in adults with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Benjamin J. Ryan
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Michael W. Schleh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Pallavi Varshney
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Alison C. Ludzki
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Jenna B. Gillen
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 2C9 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Van Pelt
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Lisa M. Pitchford
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Suzette M. Howton
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Scott L. Hummel
- Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
| | - Charles F. Burant
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109
| | - Jonathan P. Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus Kelowna British Columbia V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Jeffrey F. Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory School of Kinesiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109
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17
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Lien YC, Pinney SE, Lu XM, Simmons RA. Identification of Novel Regulatory Regions Induced by Intrauterine Growth Restriction in Rat Islets. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6459683. [PMID: 34894232 PMCID: PMC8743043 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to the development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood, and the permanent alterations in gene expression implicate an epigenetic mechanism. Using a rat model of IUGR, we performed TrueSeq-HELP Tagging to assess the association of DNA methylation changes and gene dysregulation in islets. We identified 511 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 4377 significantly altered single CpG sites. Integrating the methylome and our published transcriptome data sets resulted in the identification of pathways critical for islet function. The identified DMRs were enriched with transcription factor binding motifs, such as Elk1, Etv1, Foxa1, Foxa2, Pax7, Stat3, Hnf1, and AR. In silico analysis of 3-dimensional chromosomal interactions using human pancreas and islet Hi-C data sets identified interactions between 14 highly conserved DMRs and 35 genes with significant expression changes at an early age, many of which persisted in adult islets. In adult islets, there were far more interactions between DMRs and genes with significant expression changes identified with Hi-C, and most of them were critical to islet metabolism and insulin secretion. The methylome was integrated with our published genome-wide histone modification data sets from IUGR islets, resulting in further characterization of important regulatory regions of the genome altered by IUGR containing both significant changes in DNA methylation and specific histone marks. We identified novel regulatory regions in islets after exposure to IUGR, suggesting that epigenetic changes at key transcription factor binding motifs and other gene regulatory regions may contribute to gene dysregulation and an abnormal islet phenotype in IUGR rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chin Lien
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sara E Pinney
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xueqing Maggie Lu
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Correspondence: Rebecca A. Simmons, MD, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, BRB II/III, 13th Fl, Rm 1308, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Main and Minor Types of Collagens in the Articular Cartilage: The Role of Collagens in Repair Tissue Evaluation in Chondral Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413329. [PMID: 34948124 PMCID: PMC8706311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several collagen subtypes have been identified in hyaline articular cartilage. The main and most abundant collagens are type II, IX and XI collagens. The minor and less abundant collagens are type III, IV, V, VI, X, XII, XIV, XVI, XXII, and XXVII collagens. All these collagens have been found to play a key role in healthy cartilage, regardless of whether they are more or less abundant. Additionally, an exhaustive evaluation of collagen fibrils in a repaired cartilage tissue after a chondral lesion is necessary to determine the quality of the repaired tissue and even whether or not this repaired tissue is considered hyaline cartilage. Therefore, this review aims to describe in depth all the collagen types found in the normal articular cartilage structure, and based on this, establish the parameters that allow one to consider a repaired cartilage tissue as a hyaline cartilage.
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Extracellular matrix: an important regulator of cell functions and skeletal muscle development. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:65. [PMID: 33789727 PMCID: PMC8011170 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a kind of connective tissue in the cell microenvironment, which is of great significance to tissue development. ECM in muscle fiber niche consists of three layers: the epimysium, the perimysium, and the endomysium (basal lamina). These three layers of connective tissue structure can not only maintain the morphology of skeletal muscle, but also play an important role in the physiological functions of muscle cells, such as the transmission of mechanical force, the regeneration of muscle fiber, and the formation of neuromuscular junction. In this paper, detailed discussions are made for the structure and key components of ECM in skeletal muscle tissue, the role of ECM in skeletal muscle development, and the application of ECM in biomedical engineering. This review will provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of ECM, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the structure, physiological function, and application of ECM in skeletal muscle tissue.
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20
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Carson C, Macias-Velasco JF, Gunawardana S, Miranda MA, Oyama S, St Pierre CL, Schmidt H, Wayhart JP, Lawson HA. Brown Adipose Expansion and Remission of Glycemic Dysfunction in Obese SM/J Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108237. [PMID: 33027654 PMCID: PMC7594587 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We leverage the SM/J mouse to understand glycemic control in obesity. High-fat-fed SM/J mice initially develop poor glucose homeostasis relative to controls. Strikingly, their glycemic dysfunction resolves by 30 weeks of age despite persistent obesity. The mice dramatically expand their brown adipose depots as they resolve glycemic dysfunction. This occurs naturally and spontaneously on a high-fat diet, with no temperature or genetic manipulation. Removal of the brown adipose depot impairs insulin sensitivity, indicating that the expanded tissue is functioning as an insulin-stimulated glucose sink. We describe morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic changes that occur during the brown adipose expansion and remission of glycemic dysfunction, and focus on Sfrp1 (secreted frizzled-related protein 1) as a compelling candidate that may underlie this phenomenon. Understanding how the expanded brown adipose contributes to glycemic control in SM/J mice will open the door for innovative therapies aimed at improving metabolic complications in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Carson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Juan F Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Subhadra Gunawardana
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Sakura Oyama
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Celine L St Pierre
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Heather Schmidt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jessica P Wayhart
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Petäistö T, Vicente D, Mäkelä KA, Finnilä MA, Miinalainen I, Koivunen J, Izzi V, Aikio M, Karppinen S, Devarajan R, Thevenot J, Herzig K, Heljasvaara R, Pihlajaniemi T. Lack of collagen XVIII leads to lipodystrophy and perturbs hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis. J Physiol 2020; 598:3373-3393. [DOI: 10.1113/jp279559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Petäistö
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - David Vicente
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Kari A. Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Mikko A. Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | | | - Jarkko Koivunen
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Mari Aikio
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Sanna‐Maria Karppinen
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Raman Devarajan
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Jerome Thevenot
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging Physics and Technology Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Karl‐Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Department of Biomedicine Centre for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO) University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell‐Matrix Research Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine University of Oulu Oulu Finland
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Bi H, Ye K, Jin S. Proteomic analysis of decellularized pancreatic matrix identifies collagen V as a critical regulator for islet organogenesis from human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2019; 233:119673. [PMID: 31866049 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic tissue engineering, generating human pancreatic islet organoids from stem cells has been challenging due mainly to a poor understanding of niches required for multicellular tissue self-assembly in vitro. In this study, we aimed to identify bioactive, chemically defined niches from natural, biological materials for islet development in vitro. We investigated the proteomics of decellularized rat pancreatic extracellular matrix (dpECM) hydrogel using advanced bioinformatics analysis, and identified that type V collagen (ColV) is constantly and abundantly present in dpECM hydrogel. Niches provided to human pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by presenting ColV in matrix coating substrates permitted stem cells progression into islet-like organoids that consist of all major pancreatic endocrine cell types, i.e. α, β, δ, and pancreatic polypeptide cells. In the presence of ColV niches, gene expressions of all key pancreatic transcription factors and major hormone genes significantly increased in iPSC-derived organoids. Most importantly, ColV-containing microenvironment resulted in enhanced glucose responsive secretions of both insulin and glucagon hormone from organoids. The study demonstrates that ColV is a critical regulator that augments islet self-assembly from iPSCs, and it is feasible to utilize natural biomaterials to build tissue cues essential for multicellular tissue production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjing Bi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA; Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA; Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA.
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23
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SNV discovery and functional candidate gene identification for milk composition based on whole genome resequencing of Holstein bulls with extremely high and low breeding values. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220629. [PMID: 31369641 PMCID: PMC6675115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have sequenced the whole genomes of eight proven Holstein bulls from the four half-sib or full-sib families with extremely high and low estimated breeding values (EBV) for milk protein percentage (PP) and fat percentage (FP) using Illumina re-sequencing technology. Consequently, 2.3 billion raw reads were obtained with an average effective depth of 8.1×. After single nucleotide variant (SNV) calling, total 10,961,243 SNVs were identified, and 57,451 of them showed opposite fixed sites between the bulls with high and low EBVs within each family (called as common differential SNVs). Next, we annotated the common differential SNVs based on the bovine reference genome, and observed that 45,188 SNVs (78.70%) were located in the intergenic region of genes and merely 11,871 SNVs (20.67%) located within the protein-coding genes. Of them, 13,099 common differential SNVs that were within or close to protein-coding genes with less than 5 kb were chosen for identification of candidate genes for milk compositions in dairy cattle. By integrated analysis of the 2,657 genes with the GO terms and pathways related to protein and fat metabolism, and the known quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for milk protein and fat traits, we identified 17 promising candidate genes: ALG14, ATP2C1, PLD1, C3H1orf85, SNX7, MTHFD2L, CDKN2D, COL5A3, FDX1L, PIN1, FIG4, EXOC7, LASP1, PGS1, SAO, GPLD1 and MGEA5. Our findings provided an important foundation for further study and a prompt for molecular breeding of dairy cattle.
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24
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Olaniru OE, Persaud SJ. Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors: Implications for metabolic function. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:123-134. [PMID: 30825474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are emerging as important actors in energy homeostasis. Recent biochemical and functional studies using transgenic mice indicate that aGPCRs play important roles in endocrine and metabolic functions including β-cell differentiation, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and whole body fuel homeostasis. Most aGPCRs are orphans, for which endogenous ligands have not yet been identified, and many of the endogenous ligands of the already de-orphanised aGPCRs are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In this review we focus on aGPCR expression in metabolically active tissues, their activation by ECM proteins, and current knowledge of their potential roles in islet development, insulin secretion, adipogenesis and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo E Olaniru
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Shanta J Persaud
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Diabetes, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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25
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Ali Khan A, Hansson J, Weber P, Foehr S, Krijgsveld J, Herzig S, Scheideler M. Comparative Secretome Analyses of Primary Murine White and Brown Adipocytes Reveal Novel Adipokines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2358-2370. [PMID: 30135203 PMCID: PMC6283297 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ, including white and brown adipose tissues, is an important player in systemic energy homeostasis, storing excess energy in form of lipids while releasing energy upon various energy demands. Recent studies have demonstrated that white and brown adipocytes also function as endocrine cells and regulate systemic metabolism by secreting factors that act locally and systemically. However, a comparative proteomic analysis of secreted factors from white and brown adipocytes and their responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation has not been reported yet. Therefore, we studied and compared the secretome of white and brown adipocytes, with and without norepinephrine (NE) stimulation. Our results reveal that carbohydrate-metabolism-regulating proteins are preferably secreted from white adipocytes, while brown adipocytes predominantly secrete a large variety of proteins. Upon NE stimulation, an increased secretion of known adipokines is favored by white adipocytes while brown adipocytes secreted higher amounts of novel adipokines. Furthermore, the secretory response between NE-stimulated and basal state was multifaceted addressing lipid and glucose metabolism, adipogenesis, and antioxidative reactions. Intriguingly, NE stimulation drastically changed the secretome in brown adipocytes. In conclusion, our study provides a comprehensive catalogue of novel adipokine candidates secreted from white and brown adipocytes with many of them responsive to NE. Given the beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue activation on its endocrine function and systemic metabolism, this study provides an archive of novel batokine candidates and biomarkers for activated brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Ali Khan
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Hansson
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Weber
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Foehr
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany; Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany; Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC); Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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26
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Olaniru OE, Persaud SJ. Identifying novel therapeutic targets for diabetes through improved understanding of islet adhesion receptors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 43:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Zhang R, Gao Y, Zhao X, Gao M, Wu Y, Han Y, Qiao Y, Luo Z, Yang L, Chen J, Ge G. FSP1-positive fibroblasts are adipogenic niche and regulate adipose homeostasis. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2001493. [PMID: 30080858 PMCID: PMC6078284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte progenitors reside in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissues that are composed of fibroblasts, immune cells, and endothelial cells. It remains to be elucidated how the SVF regulates adipocyte progenitor fate determination and adipose homeostasis. Here, we report that fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1)+ fibroblasts in the SVF are essential to adipose homeostasis. FSP1+ fibroblasts, devoid of adipogenic potential, are adjacent to the preadipocytes in the SVF. Ablation of FSP1+ fibroblasts in mice severely diminishes fat content of adipose depots. Activation of canonical Wnt signaling in the FSP1+ fibroblasts results in gradual loss of adipose tissues and resistance to diet-induced obesity. Alterations in the FSP1+ fibroblasts reduce platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB signaling and result in the loss of preadipocytes. Reduced PDGF-BB signaling, meanwhile, impairs the adipogenic differentiation capability of preadipocytes by regulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) signaling. Thus, FSP1+ fibroblasts are an important niche essential to the maintenance of the preadipocyte pool and its adipogenic potential in adipose homeostasis. White adipose tissue (WAT), which consists mostly of adipocytes, is not only a passive energy storage but also an active metabolic and endocrine organ in the body. The importance of maintaining proper adipose mass is emphasized by the fact that both adipose tissue excess—in obese individuals—and deficiency have adverse metabolic consequences. In order to maintain the number of adipocytes, there is a continuous turnover from preadipocytes in adults. Like any other adult stem cells and progenitor cells, cell fate and differentiation capability of preadipocytes are tightly regulated by a highly specialized niche. However, what constitutes the preadipocyte niche, and how the niche regulates preadipocyte function and adipose homeostasis, remain poorly known. In this study, we have identified fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP1)+ fibroblasts in the WAT stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of mice as the niche for preadipocytes. We show that FSP1+ fibroblasts with aberrant Wnt signaling fail to maintain the preadipocyte pool and its differentiation potential, resulting in loss of adipose tissue. We conclude that FSP1+ fibroblasts are a niche for preadipocytes and regulate adipose tissue homeostasis in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuemei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Rashid CS, Lien YC, Bansal A, Jaeckle-Santos LJ, Li C, Won KJ, Simmons RA. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Novel Mechanisms Mediating Islet Dysfunction in the Intrauterine Growth-Restricted Rat. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1035-1049. [PMID: 29309562 PMCID: PMC5793792 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the risk of type 2 diabetes developing in adulthood. In previous studies that used bilateral uterine artery ligation in a rat model of IUGR, age-associated decline in glucose homeostasis and islet function was revealed. To elucidate mechanisms contributing to IUGR pathogenesis, the islet transcriptome was sequenced from 2-week-old rats, when in vivo glucose tolerance is mildly impaired, and at 10 weeks of age, when rats are hyperglycemic and have reduced β-cell mass. RNA sequencing and functional annotation with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed temporal changes in IUGR islets. For instance, gene expression involving amino acid metabolism was significantly reduced primarily at 2 weeks of age, but ion channel expression, specifically that involved in cell-volume regulation, was more disrupted in adult IUGR islets. Additionally, we observed alterations in the microenvironment of IUGR islets with extracellular matrix genes being significantly increased at 2 weeks of age and significantly decreased at 10 weeks. Specifically, hyaluronan synthase 2 expression and hyaluronan staining were increased in IUGR islets at 2 weeks of age (P < 0.05). Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived factors that have been shown to preserve islet allograft function, such as Anxa1, Cxcl12, and others, also were increased at 2 weeks and decreased in adult islets. Finally, comparisons of differentially expressed genes with those of type 2 diabetic human islets support a role for these pathways in human patients with diabetes. Together, these data point to new mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IUGR-mediated islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetewayo S. Rashid
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Yu-Chin Lien
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Amita Bansal
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lane J. Jaeckle-Santos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Department of Genetics, Smilow Center for Translational Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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29
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Park AC, Phan N, Massoudi D, Liu Z, Kernien JF, Adams SM, Davidson JM, Birk DE, Liu B, Greenspan DS. Deficits in Col5a2 Expression Result in Novel Skin and Adipose Abnormalities and Predisposition to Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:2300-2311. [PMID: 28734943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS) is characterized by fragile, hyperextensible skin and hypermobile joints. cEDS can be caused by heterozygosity for missense mutations in genes COL5A2 and COL5A1, which encode the α2(V) and α1(V) chains, respectively, of collagen V, and is most often caused by COL5A1 null alleles. However, COL5A2 null alleles have yet to be associated with cEDS or other human pathologies. We previously showed that mice homozygous null for the α2(V) gene Col5a2 are early embryonic lethal, whereas haploinsufficiency caused aberrancies of adult skin, but not a frank cEDS-like phenotype, as skin hyperextensibility at low strain and dermal cauliflower-contoured collagen fibril aggregates, two cEDS hallmarks, were absent. Herein, we show that ubiquitous postnatal Col5a2 knockdown results in pathognomonic dermal cauliflower-contoured collagen fibril aggregates, but absence of skin hyperextensibility, demonstrating these cEDS hallmarks to arise separately from loss of collagen V roles in control of collagen fibril growth and nucleation events, respectively. Col5a2 knockdown also led to loss of dermal white adipose tissue (WAT) and markedly decreased abdominal WAT that was characterized by miniadipocytes and increased collagen deposition, suggesting α2(V) to be important to WAT development/maintenance. More important, Col5a2 haploinsufficiency markedly increased the incidence and severity of abdominal aortic aneurysms, and caused aortic arch ruptures and dissections, indicating that α2(V) chain deficits may play roles in these pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arick C Park
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Noel Phan
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dawiyat Massoudi
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John F Kernien
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sheila M Adams
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jeffrey M Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David E Birk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
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Intracellular Accumulation of Methylglyoxal by Glyoxalase 1 Knock Down Alters Collagen Homoeostasis in L6 Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030480. [PMID: 28241483 PMCID: PMC5372496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia results in accumulation of the reactive dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MG). Methylglyoxal is detoxified by the glyoxalase system (glyoxalase 1 and 2). The influence of glyoxalase 1 knockdown on expression of collagens 1, 3, 4, and 5 in L6 myoblasts under hyperglycemic conditions was investigated. Increased biosynthesis of collagens 1, 3, 4, and 5 was detected at mRNA-level following knockdown of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1). At the protein level a significant elevation of the concentration of collagen 1 and 4 was shown, whereas no increase of collagen 5 and a non-significant increase in collagen 3 were detectable. These results could partially explain MG-induced changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) which account for increased fibrosis and impaired function in myocytes. The mechanisms by which reactive glucose metabolites influence ECM composition deserve further investigation.
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FAK signalling controls insulin sensitivity through regulation of adipocyte survival. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14360. [PMID: 28165007 PMCID: PMC5303880 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a central role in integrin signalling, which regulates growth and survival of tumours. Here we show that FAK protein levels are increased in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant obese mice and humans. Disruption of adipocyte FAK in mice or in 3T3 L1 cells decreases adipocyte survival. Adipocyte-specific FAK knockout mice display impaired adipose tissue expansion and insulin resistance on prolonged metabolic stress from a high-fat diet or when crossed on an obese db/db or ob/ob genetic background. Treatment of these mice with a PPARγ agonist does not restore adiposity or improve insulin sensitivity. In contrast, inhibition of apoptosis, either genetically or pharmacologically, attenuates adipocyte death, restores normal adiposity and improves insulin sensitivity. Together, these results demonstrate that FAK is required for adipocyte survival and maintenance of insulin sensitivity, particularly in the context of adipose tissue expansion as a result of caloric excess. The kinase FAK is important for integrin signalling and promotes cell survival. Here, the authors demonstrate FAK regulates adipocyte survival, and is particularly important for maintaining insulin sensitivity during adipose tissue expansion in the context of a calorie-rich diet.
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Kadler KE. Fell Muir Lecture: Collagen fibril formation in vitro and in vivo. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:4-16. [PMID: 28508516 PMCID: PMC5447863 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a great honour to be awarded the Fell Muir Prize for 2016 by the British Society of Matrix Biology. As recipient of the prize, I am taking the opportunity to write a minireview on collagen fibrillogenesis, which has been the focus of my research for 33 years. This is the process by which triple helical collagen molecules assemble into centimetre-long fibrils in the extracellular matrix of animals. The fibrils appeared a billion years ago at the dawn of multicellular animal life as the primary scaffold for tissue morphogenesis. The fibrils occur in exquisite three-dimensional architectures that match the physical demands of tissues, for example orthogonal lattices in cornea, basket weaves in skin and blood vessels, and parallel bundles in tendon, ligament and nerves. The question of how collagen fibrils are formed was posed at the end of the nineteenth century. Since then, we have learned about the structure of DNA and the peptide bond, understood how plants capture the sun's energy, cloned animals, discovered antibiotics and found ways of editing our genome in the pursuit of new cures for diseases. However, how cells generate tissues from collagen fibrils remains one of the big unsolved mysteries in biology. In this review, I will give a personal account of the topic and highlight some of the approaches that my research group are taking to find new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl E. Kadler
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthWellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix ResearchManchester Academic Health Science CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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α3 Chains of type V collagen regulate breast tumour growth via glypican-1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14351. [PMID: 28102194 PMCID: PMC5253704 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericellular α3(V) collagen can affect the functioning of cells, such as adipocytes and pancreatic β cells. Here we show that α3(V) chains are an abundant product of normal mammary gland basal cells, and that α3(V) ablation in a mouse mammary tumour model inhibits mammary tumour progression by reducing the proliferative potential of tumour cells. These effects are shown to be primarily cell autonomous, from loss of α3(V) chains normally produced by tumour cells, in which they affect growth by enhancing the ability of cell surface proteoglycan glypican-1 to act as a co-receptor for FGF2. Thus, a mechanism is presented for microenvironmental influence on tumour growth. α3(V) chains are produced in both basal-like and luminal human breast tumours, and its expression levels are tightly coupled with those of glypican-1 across breast cancer types. Evidence indicates α3(V) chains as potential targets for inhibiting tumour growth and as markers of oncogenic transformation. Collagen has a role in cancer and is particularly important for breast cancer. Here the authors show that the expression of α3 type V collagen and one of its receptors- glipican-1- in the same cell, contributes to a deregulated growth of breast cancer cells.
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Vigier S, Gagnon H, Bourgade K, Klarskov K, Fülöp T, Vermette P. Composition and organization of the pancreatic extracellular matrix by combined methods of immunohistochemistry, proteomics and scanning electron microscopy. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 65:31-39. [PMID: 28340694 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The epidemic expansion of diabetes is a major concern of public health. A promising treatment is the transplantation of islets of Langerhans isolated from the whole pancreas but the yields of islets isolation and the rates of successful engraftments still have to be improved to make this therapy effective. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the pancreatic tissue is partially lost during the isolation process and a comprehensive knowledge of the pancreatic ECM composition and organization could identify targets to improve islets isolation and transplantation or highlight new therapeutics for pancreatic diseases. The organization, composition and three-dimensional architecture of the pancreatic ECM were analysed in mouse and pig by three different techniques. Laminin α-4 and β-2 chains are localized by immunohistochemistry in the exocrine tissue and inside islets of mouse pancreas but not around islets that are surrounded by an ECM made of collagen type IV and type V. Collagen type I, III, and VI were identified by proteomics as specific constituents of the pig pancreatic ECM along with the low-abundance isoforms α3(IV) α4(IV) α5(IV) and α1(V) α2(V) α3(V) of collagen type IV and type V respectively. The three-dimensional ECM architecture is analysed on decellularized mouse pancreas by scanning electron microscopy and is organized in honeycomb structures made of thin ECM fibers assembled in thicker bundles. The combination of immunohistochemistry, proteomics and scanning electron microscopy gives complementary perspective on the pancreatic ECM composition and organization. It represents a valuable toolbox for deeper investigations of ECMs and proposes clues in tissue engineering of the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vigier
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard de l'Université, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - H Gagnon
- PhenoSwitch Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - K Bourgade
- Research Center on Aging, 1036, rue Belvédère Sud, J1H 4C4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - K Klarskov
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - T Fülöp
- Research Center on Aging, 1036, rue Belvédère Sud, J1H 4C4 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - P Vermette
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard de l'Université, J1K 2R1 Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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35
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Sárközy M, Szűcs G, Fekete V, Pipicz M, Éder K, Gáspár R, Sója A, Pipis J, Ferdinandy P, Csonka C, Csont T. Transcriptomic alterations in the heart of non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:110. [PMID: 27496100 PMCID: PMC4975916 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a spectacular rise in the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to the worldwide obesity epidemic. However, a significant proportion of T2DM patients are non-obese and they also have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. As the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a well-known model of non-obese T2DM, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of non-obese T2DM on cardiac alterations of the transcriptome in GK rats. Methods Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and cholesterol levels were measured at 7, 11, and 15 weeks of age in male GK and control rats. Oral glucose tolerance test and pancreatic insulin level measurements were performed at 11 weeks of age. At week 15, total RNA was isolated from the myocardium and assayed by rat oligonucleotide microarray for 41,012 genes, and then expression of selected genes was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Gene ontology and protein–protein network analyses were performed to demonstrate potentially characteristic gene alterations and key genes in non-obese T2DM. Results Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and cholesterol levels were significantly increased, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were significantly impaired in GK rats as compared to controls. In hearts of GK rats, 204 genes showed significant up-regulation and 303 genes showed down-regulation as compared to controls according to microarray analysis. Genes with significantly altered expression in the heart due to non-obese T2DM includes functional clusters of metabolism (e.g. Cyp2e1, Akr1b10), signal transduction (e.g. Dpp4, Stat3), receptors and ion channels (e.g. Sln, Chrng), membrane and structural proteins (e.g. Tnni1, Mylk2, Col8a1, Adam33), cell growth and differentiation (e.g. Gpc3, Jund), immune response (e.g. C3, C4a), and others (e.g. Lrp8, Msln, Klkc1, Epn3). Gene ontology analysis revealed several significantly enriched functional inter-relationships between genes influenced by non-obese T2DM. Protein–protein interaction analysis demonstrated that Stat is a potential key gene influenced by non-obese T2DM. Conclusions Non-obese T2DM alters cardiac gene expression profile. The altered genes may be involved in the development of cardiac pathologies and could be potential therapeutic targets in non-obese T2DM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0424-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Veronika Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Katalin Éder
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Renáta Gáspár
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Andrea Sója
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csonka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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Mak KM, Png CYM, Lee DJ. Type V Collagen in Health, Disease, and Fibrosis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2016; 299:613-29. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki M. Mak
- Department of Medical Education/Center for Anatomy and Functional Morphology; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Chien Yi M. Png
- Department of Medical Education; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Danielle J. Lee
- Department of Medical Education; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
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Wang W, Mandel J, Bouaziz J, Commenges D, Nabirotchkine S, Chumakov I, Cohen D, Guedj M. A Multi-Marker Genetic Association Test Based on the Rasch Model Applied to Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138223. [PMID: 26379234 PMCID: PMC4574966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Results from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have shown that the genetic basis of complex traits often include many genetic variants with small to moderate effects whose identification remains a challenging problem. In this context multi-marker analysis at the gene and pathway level can complement traditional point-wise approaches that treat the genetic markers individually. In this paper we propose a novel statistical approach for multi-marker analysis based on the Rasch model. The method summarizes the categorical genotypes of SNPs by a generalized logistic function into a genetic score that can be used for association analysis. Through different sets of simulations, the false-positive rate and power of the proposed approach are compared to a set of existing methods, and shows good performances. The application of the Rasch model on Alzheimer's Disease (AD) ADNI GWAS dataset also allows a coherent interpretation of the results. Our analysis supports the idea that APOE is a major susceptibility gene for AD. In the top genes selected by proposed method, several could be functionally linked to AD. In particular, a pathway analysis of these genes also highlights the metabolism of cholesterol, that is known to play a key role in AD pathogenesis. Interestingly, many of these top genes can be integrated in a hypothetic signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
- Inserm U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | - Jonas Mandel
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
| | - Jan Bouaziz
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
| | - Daniel Commenges
- Inserm U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France
| | | | - Ilya Chumakov
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
| | - Mickaël Guedj
- Pharnext, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile de France, France
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Tokunaga M, Inoue M, Jiang Y, Barnes RH, Buchner DA, Chun TH. Fat depot-specific gene signature and ECM remodeling of Sca1(high) adipose-derived stem cells. Matrix Biol 2014; 36:28-38. [PMID: 24726953 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1 or Ly6A/E) is a cell surface marker that is widely expressed in mesenchymal stem cells, including adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). We hypothesized that the fat depot-specific gene signature of Sca1(high) ASCs may play the major role in defining adipose tissue function and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in a depot-specific manner. Herein we aimed to characterize the unique gene signature and ECM remodeling of Sca1(high) ASCs isolated from subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (epididymal) adipose tissues. Sca1(high) ASCs are found in the adventitia and perivascular areas of adipose tissues. Sca1(high) ASCs purified with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) demonstrate dendrite or round shape with the higher expression of cytokines and chemokines (e.g., Il6, Cxcl1) and the lower expression of a glucose transporter (Glut1). Subcutaneous and visceral fat-derived Sca1(high) ASCs particularly differ in the gene expressions of adhesion and ECM molecules. While the expression of the major membrane-type collagenase (MMP14) is comparable between the groups, the expressions of secreted collagenases (MMP8 and MMP13) are higher in visceral Sca1(high) ASCs than in subcutaneous ASCs. Consistently, slow but focal MMP-dependent collagenolysis was observed with subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived vascular stromal cells, whereas rapid and bulk collagenolysis was observed with visceral adipose tissue-derived cells in MMP-dependent and -independent manners. These results suggest that the fat depot-specific gene signatures of ASCs may contribute to the distinct patterns of ECM remodeling and adipose function in different fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakuni Tokunaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of MEND, University of Michigan Medical School, United States
| | - Mayumi Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of MEND, University of Michigan Medical School, United States
| | - Yibin Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of MEND, University of Michigan Medical School, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, United States
| | - Richard H Barnes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of MEND, University of Michigan Medical School, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, United States
| | - David A Buchner
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Tae-Hwa Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of MEND, University of Michigan Medical School, United States; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, United States.
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Expression and regulation of facilitative glucose transporters in equine insulin-sensitive tissue: from physiology to pathology. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2014; 2014:409547. [PMID: 24977043 PMCID: PMC4060548 DOI: 10.1155/2014/409547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucose uptake is the rate-limiting step in glucose utilization in mammalians and is tightly regulated by a family of specialized proteins, called the facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs/SLC2). GLUT4, the major isoform in insulin-responsive tissue, translocates from an intracellular pool to the cell surface and as such determines insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. However, despite intensive research over 50 years, the insulin-dependent and -independent pathways that mediate GLUT4 translocation are not fully elucidated in any species. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the hallmarks of equine metabolic syndrome and is the most common metabolic predisposition for laminitis in horses. IR is characterized by the impaired ability of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal into insulin-sensitive tissues. Similar to other species, the functional capability of the insulin-responsive GLUTs is impaired in muscle and adipose tissue during IR in horses. However, the molecular mechanisms of altered glucose transport remain elusive in all species, and there is still much to learn about the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the GLUT family members, especially in regard to class III. Since GLUTs are key regulators of whole-body glucose homeostasis, they have received considerable attention as potential therapeutic targets to treat metabolic disorders in human and equine patients.
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Revelo XS, Luck H, Winer S, Winer DA. Morphological and inflammatory changes in visceral adipose tissue during obesity. Endocr Pathol 2014; 25:93-101. [PMID: 24356782 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-013-9288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health burden worldwide and is a major factor in the development of insulin resistance and metabolic complications such as type II diabetes. Chronic nutrient excess leads to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expansion and dysfunction in an active process that involves the adipocytes, their supporting matrix, and immune cell infiltrates. These changes contribute to adipose tissue hypoxia, adipocyte cell stress, and ultimately cell death. Accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells around dying adipocytes forms the so-called "crown-like structure", a histological hallmark of VAT in obesity. Cross talk between immune cells in adipose tissue dictates the overall inflammatory response, ultimately leading to the production of pro-inflammatory mediators which directly induce insulin resistance in VAT. In this review, we summarize recent studies demonstrating the dramatic changes that occur in visceral adipose tissue during obesity leading to low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier S Revelo
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Research Institute (TGRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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A molecular ensemble in the rER for procollagen maturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2479-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mizuno K, Bächinger HP, Imamura Y, Hayashi T, Adachi E. Fragility of reconstituted type V collagen fibrils with the chain composition of α1(V)α2(V)α3(V) respective of the D-periodic banding pattern. Connect Tissue Res 2012; 54:41-8. [PMID: 23092503 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2012.734876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The triple-helical domains of two subtypes of type V collagen were prepared from human placenta, one with the chain composition of [α1(V)](2)α2(V) (Vp112) and the other with the chain composition of α1(V)α2(V)α3(V) (Vp123) with limited pepsin treatment. In order to characterize the triple-helical domain of the type Vp123 collagen molecule, the reconstituted aggregate structure formed from the pepsin-treated collagen was compared by using transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of the fibrils reconstituted from types pepsin-treated type Vp123 collagen and type Vp112 collagen was highly uniform and less than the D-periodicity at all the temperatures examined, suggesting that the major triple-helical domain of both subtypes has a potency to limit their lateral growth. Both fibrils were approximately 45 nm in width and showed the D-periodic banding pattern along their axes at 34°C. In contrast to type Vp112, the reconstituted type Vp123 fibrils showed no banding pattern along their axes when they were reconstituted at 37°C. The banded fibrils once reconstituted from type Vp123 at 34°C tend to lose their characteristic pattern within 60 min when they were incubated at 37°C. One explanation is that a slightly higher content of hydrophobic residues of type Vp123 collagen than those of type V112p collagen augmented the intermolecular interaction that disturbs the D-periodicity governed essentially by electrostatic interactions. Taken together with recent data in Col5a3 gene-targeted mice, the results suggest that type V123 collagen exists not only as a periodic banded fibril but also as nonfibrillar meshwork structures.
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Abstract
Adipocytes differentiate and function in environments rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The phenotypes of genetically modified mice have aided in recognizing the importance of ECM proteins and their modifiers, e.g., proteinases, in the regulation of obesity and metabolism. Most of the molecular mechanisms through which ECM proteins and modifiers regulate adipogenesis or adipocyte function have not been fully defined. Adipose tissue fibrosis may be a factor that links obesity to diabetes or cardiovascular disease risk in conjunction with tissue inflammation. Defining the molecular mechanisms through which the ECM environment regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte function should provide us with a better understanding of the disease link between obesity and diabetes or cardiovascular diseases.
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Huang G, Greenspan DS. ECM roles in the function of metabolic tissues. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2012; 23:16-22. [PMID: 22070921 PMCID: PMC3251694 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
All metazoan cells produce and/or interact with tissue-specific extracellular matrices (ECMs). Such ECMs play important structural roles not only in connective tissues, but in all tissues in which they provide support and anchorage for cells. However, in addition to such structural roles it has become increasingly clear that the tissue-specific microenvironments formed by the ECM play instructional roles that inform the proper phenotypes and functional behaviors of specialized cell types, and recent in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that ECM components also affect metabolic function. This review summarizes data that provide insights into the roles of the ECM in informing the proper development and functioning of highly specialized cells of metabolic tissues, such as adipocytes and islet β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorui Huang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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Tyrberg B, Miles P, Azizian KT, Denzel MS, Nieves ML, Monosov EZ, Levine F, Ranscht B. T-cadherin (Cdh13) in association with pancreatic β-cell granules contributes to second phase insulin secretion. Islets 2011; 3:327-37. [PMID: 21975561 PMCID: PMC3329514 DOI: 10.4161/isl.3.6.17705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis depends on adequate control of insulin secretion. We report the association of the cell-adhesion and adiponectin (APN)-binding glycoprotein T-cadherin (Cdh13) with insulin granules in mouse and human β-cells. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of islets in situ and targeting of RFP-tagged T-cadherin to GFP-labeled insulin granules in isolated β-cells demonstrate this unusual location. Analyses of T-cadherin-deficient (Tcad-KO) mice show normal islet architecture and insulin content. However, T-cadherin is required for sufficient insulin release in vitro and in vivo. Primary islets from Tcad-KO mice were defective in glucose-induced but not KCl-mediated insulin secretion. In vivo, second phase insulin release in T-cad-KO mice during a hyperglycemic clamp was impaired while acute first phase release was unaffected. Tcad-KO mice showed progressive glucose intolerance by 5 mo of age without concomitant changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Our analyses detected no association of APN with T-cadherin on β-cell granules although colocalization was observed on the pancreatic vasculature. These data identify T-cadherin as a novel component of insulin granules and suggest that T-cadherin contributes to the regulation of insulin secretion independently of direct interactions with APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Tyrberg
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; Orlando, FL USA
| | - Philip Miles
- Department of Surgery; UCSD School of Medicine; La Jolla, CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Fred Levine
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla; CA USA
| | - Barbara Ranscht
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla; CA USA
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Muir A, Greenspan DS. Metalloproteinases in Drosophila to humans that are central players in developmental processes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:41905-41911. [PMID: 22027825 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r111.299768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many secreted proteins are synthesized as precursors with propeptides that must be cleaved to yield the mature functional form of the molecule. In addition, various growth factors occur in extracellular latent complexes with protein antagonists and are activated upon cleavage of such antagonists. Research in the separate fields of embryonic patterning and extracellular matrix formation has identified members of the BMP1/Tolloid-like family of metalloproteinases as key players in these types of biosynthetic processing events in species ranging from Drosophila to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Muir
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792.
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Park J, Euhus DM, Scherer PE. Paracrine and endocrine effects of adipose tissue on cancer development and progression. Endocr Rev 2011; 32:550-70. [PMID: 21642230 PMCID: PMC3369575 DOI: 10.1210/er.2010-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The past few years have provided substantial evidence for the vital role of the local tumor microenvironment for various aspects of tumor progression. With obesity and its pathophysiological sequelae still on the rise, the adipocyte is increasingly moving center stage in the context of tumor stroma-related studies. To date, we have limited insight into how the systemic metabolic changes associated with obesity and the concomitant modification of the paracrine and endocrine panel of stromal adipocyte-derived secretory products ("adipokines") influence the incidence and progression of obesity-related cancers. Here, we discuss the role of adipocyte dysfunction associated with obesity and its potential impact on cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Park
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
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Abstract
The growing problem of obesity is associated with multiple morbidities, including increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, sleep apnea, and cancer. Obesity promotes disability, decreases productivity, and shortens life span. Although much attention has been focused on diet and exercise, these strategies alone are not effective in preventing obesity and maintaining weight loss. Moreover, the development of pharmacological approaches for obesity treatment has been dogged by poor efficacy and serious side effects. The biology of obesity is very complex, and mechanisms linking obesity to various diseases are poorly understood. This issue of the JCI highlights important concepts in our understanding of the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rexford S Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and the Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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