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Liao C, Walters BW, DiStasio M, Lesch BJ. Human-specific epigenomic states in spermatogenesis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:577-588. [PMID: 38274996 PMCID: PMC10809009 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is becoming increasingly common, affecting one in six people globally. Half of these cases can be attributed to male factors, many driven by abnormalities in the process of sperm development. Emerging evidence from genome-wide association studies, genetic screening of patient cohorts, and animal models highlights an important genetic contribution to spermatogenic defects, but comprehensive identification and characterization of the genes critical for male fertility remain lacking. High divergence of gene regulation in spermatogenic cells across species poses challenges for delineating the genetic pathways required for human spermatogenesis using common model organisms. In this study, we leveraged post-translational histone modification and gene transcription data for 15,491 genes in four mammalian species (human, rhesus macaque, mouse, and opossum), to identify human-specific patterns of gene regulation during spermatogenesis. We combined H3K27me3 ChIP-seq, H3K4me3 ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq data to define epigenetic states for each gene at two stages of spermatogenesis, pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, in each species. We identified 239 genes that are uniquely active, poised, or dynamically regulated in human spermatogenic cells distinct from the other three species. While some of these genes have been implicated in reproductive functions, many more have not yet been associated with human infertility and may be candidates for further molecular and epidemiologic studies. Our analysis offers an example of the opportunities provided by evolutionary and epigenomic data for broadly screening candidate genes implicated in reproduction, which might lead to discoveries of novel genetic targets for diagnosis and management of male infertility and male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Marcello DiStasio
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Opthamology & Visual Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Bluma J. Lesch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Nicastro M, Vermeer AMC, Postema PG, Tadros R, Bowling FZ, Aegisdottir HM, Tragante V, Mach L, Postma AV, Lodder EM, van Duijvenboden K, Zwart R, Beekman L, Wu L, van der Zwaag PA, Alders M, Allouba M, Aguib Y, Santomel JL, de Una D, Monserrat L, Miranda AMA, Kanemaru K, Cranley J, van Zeggeren IE, Aronica EMA, Ripolone M, Zanotti S, Sveinbjornsson G, Ivarsdottir EV, Hólm H, Guðbjartsson DF, Skúladóttir ÁT, Stefánsson K, Nadauld L, Knowlton KU, Ostrowski SR, Sørensen E, Vesterager Pedersen OB, Ghouse J, Rand S, Bundgaard H, Ullum H, Erikstrup C, Aagaard B, Bruun MT, Christiansen M, Jensen HK, Carere DA, Cummings CT, Fishler K, Tøring PM, Brusgaard K, Juul TM, Saaby L, Winkel BG, Mogensen J, Fortunato F, Comi GP, Ronchi D, van Tintelen JP, Noseda M, Airola MV, Christiaans I, Wilde AAM, Wilders R, Clur SA, Verkerk AO, Bezzina CR, Lahrouchi N. Biallelic variants in POPDC2 cause a novel autosomal recessive syndrome presenting with cardiac conduction defects and variable hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.04.24309755. [PMID: 39006410 PMCID: PMC11245065 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.04.24309755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
POPDC2 encodes for the Popeye domain-containing protein 2 which has an important role in cardiac pacemaking and conduction, due in part to its cAMP-dependent binding and regulation of TREK-1 potassium channels. Loss of Popdc2 in mice results in sinus pauses and bradycardia and morpholino knockdown of popdc2 in zebrafish results in atrioventricular (AV) block. We identified bi-allelic variants in POPDC2 in 4 families that presented with a phenotypic spectrum consisting of sinus node dysfunction, AV conduction defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Using homology modelling we show that the identified POPDC2 variants are predicted to diminish the ability of POPDC2 to bind cAMP. In in vitro electrophysiological studies we demonstrated that, while co-expression of wild-type POPDC2 with TREK-1 increased TREK-1 current density, POPDC2 variants found in the patients failed to increase TREK-1 current density. While patient muscle biopsy did not show clear myopathic disease, it showed significant reduction of the expression of both POPDC1 and POPDC2, suggesting that stability and/or membrane trafficking of the POPDC1-POPDC2 complex is impaired by pathogenic variants in any of the two proteins. Single-cell RNA sequencing from human hearts demonstrated that co-expression of POPDC1 and 2 was most prevalent in AV node, AV node pacemaker and AV bundle cells. Sinoatrial node cells expressed POPDC2 abundantly, but expression of POPDC1 was sparse. Together, these results concur with predisposition to AV node disease in humans with loss-of-function variants in POPDC1 and POPDC2 and presence of sinus node disease in POPDC2, but not in POPDC1 related disease in human. Using population-level genetic data of more than 1 million individuals we showed that none of the familial variants were associated with clinical outcomes in heterozygous state, suggesting that heterozygous family members are unlikely to develop clinical manifestations and therefore might not necessitate clinical follow-up. Our findings provide evidence for POPDC2 as the cause of a novel Mendelian autosomal recessive cardiac syndrome, consistent with previous work showing that mice and zebrafish deficient in functional POPDC2 display sinus and AV node dysfunction. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Yang D, Jian Z, Tang C, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Zheng L, Peng X. Zebrafish Congenital Heart Disease Models: Opportunities and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5943. [PMID: 38892128 PMCID: PMC11172925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common human birth defects. Genetic mutations potentially cause the exhibition of various pathological phenotypes associated with CHDs, occurring alone or as part of certain syndromes. Zebrafish, a model organism with a strong molecular conservation similar to humans, is commonly used in studies on cardiovascular diseases owing to its advantageous features, such as a similarity to human electrophysiology, transparent embryos and larvae for observation, and suitability for forward and reverse genetics technology, to create various economical and easily controlled zebrafish CHD models. In this review, we outline the pros and cons of zebrafish CHD models created by genetic mutations associated with single defects and syndromes and the underlying pathogenic mechanism of CHDs discovered in these models. The challenges of zebrafish CHD models generated through gene editing are also discussed, since the cardiac phenotypes resulting from a single-candidate pathological gene mutation in zebrafish might not mirror the corresponding human phenotypes. The comprehensive review of these zebrafish CHD models will facilitate the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of CHDs and offer new opportunities for their treatments and intervention strategies.
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Rinné S, Kiper AK, Jacob R, Ortiz-Bonnin B, Schindler RF, Fischer S, Komadowski M, De Martino E, Schäfer MKH, Cornelius T, Fabritz L, Helker CS, Brand T, Decher N. Popeye domain containing proteins modulate the voltage-gated cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. iScience 2024; 27:109696. [PMID: 38689644 PMCID: PMC11059135 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Popeye domain containing (POPDC) proteins are predominantly expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle, modulating the K2P potassium channel TREK-1 in a cAMP-dependent manner. POPDC1 and POPDC2 variants cause cardiac conduction disorders with or without muscular dystrophy. Searching for POPDC2-modulated ion channels using a functional co-expression screen in Xenopus oocytes, we found POPDC proteins to modulate the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5. POPDC proteins downregulate Nav1.5 currents in a cAMP-dependent manner by reducing the surface expression of the channel. POPDC2 and Nav1.5 are both expressed in different regions of the murine heart and consistently POPDC2 co-immunoprecipitates with Nav1.5 from native cardiac tissue. Strikingly, the knock-down of popdc2 in embryonic zebrafish caused an increased upstroke velocity and overshoot of cardiac action potentials. The POPDC modulation of Nav1.5 provides a new mechanism to regulate cardiac sodium channel densities under sympathetic stimulation, which is likely to have a functional impact on cardiac physiology and inherited arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 30537 Marburg, Germany
| | - Aytug K. Kiper
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 30537 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Institute of Cytobiology, Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Ortiz-Bonnin
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 30537 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland F.R. Schindler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sabine Fischer
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Komadowski
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 30537 Marburg, Germany
| | - Emilia De Martino
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 30537 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin K.-H. Schäfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tamina Cornelius
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 30537 Marburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- University Center of Cardiovascular Sciences & Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg and DZHK Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian S.M. Helker
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Signaling and Dynamics, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 30537 Marburg, Germany
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Stoyek MR, Doane SE, Dallaire SE, Long ZD, Ramia JM, Cassidy-Nolan DL, Poon KL, Brand T, Quinn TA. POPDC1 Variants Cause Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction and Arrhythmogenic Changes in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Intracellular Calcium Handling in Zebrafish. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:280. [PMID: 38540339 PMCID: PMC10969970 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Popeye domain-containing (POPDC) proteins selectively bind cAMP and mediate cellular responses to sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stimulation. The first discovered human genetic variant (POPDC1S201F) is associated with atrioventricular (AV) block, which is exacerbated by increased SNS activity. Zebrafish carrying the homologous mutation (popdc1S191F) display a similar phenotype to humans. To investigate the impact of POPDC1 dysfunction on cardiac electrophysiology and intracellular calcium handling, homozygous popdc1S191F and popdc1 knock-out (popdc1KO) zebrafish larvae and adult isolated popdc1S191F hearts were studied by functional fluorescent analysis. It was found that in popdc1S191F and popdc1KO larvae, heart rate (HR), AV delay, action potential (AP) and calcium transient (CaT) upstroke speed, and AP duration were less than in wild-type larvae, whereas CaT duration was greater. SNS stress by β-adrenergic receptor stimulation with isoproterenol increased HR, lengthened AV delay, slowed AP and CaT upstroke speed, and shortened AP and CaT duration, yet did not result in arrhythmias. In adult popdc1S191F zebrafish hearts, there was a higher incidence of AV block, slower AP upstroke speed, and longer AP duration compared to wild-type hearts, with no differences in CaT. SNS stress increased AV delay and led to further AV block in popdc1S191F hearts while decreasing AP and CaT duration. Overall, we have revealed that arrhythmogenic effects of POPDC1 dysfunction on cardiac electrophysiology and intracellular calcium handling in zebrafish are varied, but already present in early development, and that AV node dysfunction may underlie SNS-induced arrhythmogenesis associated with popdc1 mutation in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Stoyek
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.S.); (S.E.D.); (S.E.D.); (Z.D.L.); (J.M.R.); (D.L.C.-N.)
| | - Sarah E. Doane
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.S.); (S.E.D.); (S.E.D.); (Z.D.L.); (J.M.R.); (D.L.C.-N.)
| | - Shannon E. Dallaire
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.S.); (S.E.D.); (S.E.D.); (Z.D.L.); (J.M.R.); (D.L.C.-N.)
| | - Zachary D. Long
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.S.); (S.E.D.); (S.E.D.); (Z.D.L.); (J.M.R.); (D.L.C.-N.)
| | - Jessica M. Ramia
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.S.); (S.E.D.); (S.E.D.); (Z.D.L.); (J.M.R.); (D.L.C.-N.)
| | - Donovan L. Cassidy-Nolan
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.S.); (S.E.D.); (S.E.D.); (Z.D.L.); (J.M.R.); (D.L.C.-N.)
| | - Kar-Lai Poon
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (K.-L.P.); (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (K.-L.P.); (T.B.)
| | - T. Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.S.); (S.E.D.); (S.E.D.); (Z.D.L.); (J.M.R.); (D.L.C.-N.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Schuster D, Khanppnavar B, Kantarci I, Mehta V, Korkhov VM. Structural insights into membrane adenylyl cyclases, initiators of cAMP signaling. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:156-168. [PMID: 38158273 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Membrane adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. As effector proteins of G protein-coupled receptors and other signaling pathways, ACs receive and amplify signals from the cell surface, translating them into biochemical reactions in the intracellular space and integrating different signaling pathways. Despite their importance in signal transduction and physiology, our knowledge about the structure, function, regulation, and molecular interactions of ACs remains relatively scarce. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of these membrane enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Schuster
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Basavraj Khanppnavar
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ilayda Kantarci
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ved Mehta
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Volodymyr M Korkhov
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lohse MJ, Bock A, Zaccolo M. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling: New Insights Define Cellular Nanodomains. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:387-415. [PMID: 37683278 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-040623-115054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the largest and pharmacologically most important receptor family and are involved in the regulation of most cell functions. Most of them reside exclusively at the cell surface, from where they signal via heterotrimeric G proteins to control the production of second messengers such as cAMP and IP3 as well as the activity of several ion channels. However, they may also internalize upon agonist stimulation or constitutively reside in various intracellular locations. Recent evidence indicates that their function differs depending on their precise cellular localization. This is because the signals they produce, notably cAMP and Ca2+, are mostly bound to cell proteins that significantly reduce their mobility, allowing the generation of steep concentration gradients. As a result, signals generated by the receptors remain confined to nanometer-sized domains. We propose that such nanometer-sized domains represent the basic signaling units in a cell and a new type of target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lohse
- ISAR Bioscience Institute, Planegg/Munich, Germany;
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bock
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and National Institute for Health and Care Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;
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Brown AL, Sok P, Raghubar KP, Lupo PJ, Richard MA, Morrison AC, Yang JJ, Stewart CF, Okcu MF, Chintagumpala MM, Gajjar A, Kahalley LS, Conklin H, Scheurer ME. Genetic susceptibility to cognitive decline following craniospinal irradiation for pediatric central nervous system tumors. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1698-1708. [PMID: 37038335 PMCID: PMC10479777 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors treated with craniospinal irradiation (CSI) exhibit long-term cognitive difficulties. Goals of this study were to evaluate longitudinal effects of candidate and novel genetic variants on cognitive decline following CSI. METHODS Intelligence quotient (IQ), working memory (WM), and processing speed (PS) were longitudinally collected from patients treated with CSI (n = 241). Genotype-by-time interactions were evaluated using mixed-effects linear regression to identify common variants (minor allele frequency > 1%) associated with cognitive performance change. Novel variants associated with cognitive decline (P < 5 × 10-5) in individuals of European ancestry (n = 163) were considered replicated if they demonstrated consistent genotype-by-time interactions (P < .05) in individuals of non-European ancestries (n = 78) and achieved genome-wide statistical significance (P < 5 × 10-8) in a meta-analysis across ancestry groups. RESULTS Participants were mostly males (65%) diagnosed with embryonal tumors (98%) at a median age of 8.3 years. Overall, 1150 neurocognitive evaluations were obtained (median = 5, range: 2-10 per participant). One of the five loci previously associated with cognitive outcomes in pediatric CNS tumors survivors demonstrated significant time-dependent IQ declines (PPARA rs6008197, P = .004). Two variants associated with IQ in the general population were associated with declines in IQ after Bonferroni correction (rs9348721, P = 1.7 × 10-5; rs31771, P = 7.8 × 10-4). In genome-wide analyses, we identified novel loci associated with accelerated declines in IQ (rs116595313, meta-P = 9.4 × 10-9), WM (rs17774009, meta-P = 4.2 × 10-9), and PS (rs77467524, meta-P = 1.5 × 10-8; rs17630683, meta-P = 2.0 × 10-8; rs73249323, meta-P = 3.1 × 10-8). CONCLUSIONS Inherited genetic variants involved in baseline cognitive functioning and novel susceptibility loci jointly influence the degree of treatment-associated cognitive decline in pediatric CNS tumor survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin L Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Pagna Sok
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa A Richard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Clinton F Stewart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Mehmet Fatih Okcu
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Amar Gajjar
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lisa S Kahalley
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather Conklin
- Psychology Department, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Zheng M, Erhardt S, Cao Y, Wang J. Emerging Signaling Regulation of Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:621-630. [PMID: 37227579 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The sinoatrial node (SAN), the natural pacemaker of the heart, is responsible for generating electrical impulses and initiating each heartbeat. Sinoatrial node dysfunction (SND) causes various arrhythmias such as sinus arrest, SAN block, and tachycardia/bradycardia syndrome. Unraveling the underlying mechanisms of SND is of paramount importance in the pursuit of developing effective therapeutic strategies for patients with SND. This review provides a concise summary of the most recent progress in the signaling regulation of SND. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that SND can be caused by abnormal intercellular and intracellular signaling, various forms of heart failure (HF), and diabetes. These discoveries provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms SND, advancing our understanding of its pathogenesis. SND can cause severe cardiac arrhythmias associated with syncope and an increased risk of sudden death. In addition to ion channels, the SAN is susceptible to the influence of various signalings including Hippo, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanical force, and natriuretic peptide receptors. New cellular and molecular mechanisms related to SND are also deciphered in systemic diseases such as HF and diabetes. Progress in these studies contributes to the development of potential therapeutics for SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Erhardt
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Herrera-Pérez S, Lamas JA. TREK channels in Mechanotransduction: a Focus on the Cardiovascular System. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1180242. [PMID: 37288256 PMCID: PMC10242076 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1180242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechano-electric feedback is one of the most important subsystems operating in the cardiovascular system, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains rather unknown. Several proteins have been proposed to explain the molecular mechanism of mechano-transduction. Transient receptor potential (TRP) and Piezo channels appear to be the most important candidates to constitute the molecular mechanism behind of the inward current in response to a mechanical stimulus. However, the inhibitory/regulatory processes involving potassium channels that operate on the cardiac system are less well known. TWIK-Related potassium (TREK) channels have emerged as strong candidates due to their capacity for the regulation of the flow of potassium in response to mechanical stimuli. Current data strongly suggest that TREK channels play a role as mechano-transducers in different components of the cardiovascular system, not only at central (heart) but also at peripheral (vascular) level. In this context, this review summarizes and highlights the main existing evidence connecting this important subfamily of potassium channels with the cardiac mechano-transduction process, discussing molecular and biophysical aspects of such a connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lamas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), Vigo, Spain
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11
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Li H, Wang P, Zhang C, Zuo Y, Zhou Y, Han R. Defective BVES-mediated feedback control of cAMP in muscular dystrophy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1785. [PMID: 36997581 PMCID: PMC10063672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological processes incorporate feedback mechanisms to enable positive and/or negative regulation. cAMP is an important second messenger involved in many aspects of muscle biology. However, the feedback mechanisms for the cAMP signaling control in skeletal muscle are largely unknown. Here we show that blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) is a negative regulator of adenylyl cyclase 9 (ADCY9)-mediated cAMP signaling involved in maintaining muscle mass and function. BVES deletion in mice reduces muscle mass and impairs muscle performance, whereas virally delivered BVES expressed in Bves-deficient skeletal muscle reverses these defects. BVES interacts with and negatively regulates ADCY9's activity. Disruption of BVES-mediated control of cAMP signaling leads to an increased protein kinase A (PKA) signaling cascade, thereby promoting FoxO-mediated ubiquitin proteasome degradation and autophagy initiation. Our study reveals that BVES functions as a negative feedback regulator of ADCY9-cAMP signaling in skeletal muscle, playing an important role in maintaining muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuanbojiao Zuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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12
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The study of selection signature and its applications on identification of candidate genes using whole genome sequencing data in chicken - a review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102657. [PMID: 37054499 PMCID: PMC10123265 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken is a major source of protein for the increasing human population and is useful for research purposes. There are almost 1,600 distinct regional breeds of chicken across the globe, among which a large body of genetic and phenotypic variations has been accumulated due to extensive natural and artificial selection. Moreover, natural selection is a crucial force for animal domestication. Several approaches have been adopted to detect selection signatures in different breeds of chicken using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data including integrated haplotype score (iHS), cross-populated extend haplotype homozygosity test (XP-EHH), fixation index (FST), cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR), nucleotide diversity (Pi), and others. In addition, gene enrichment analyses are utilized to determine KEGG pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms related to traits of interest in chicken. Herein, we review different studies that have adopted diverse approaches to detect selection signatures in different breeds of chicken. This review systematically summarizes different findings on selection signatures and related candidate genes in chickens. Future studies could combine different selection signatures approaches to strengthen the quality of the results thereby providing more affirmative inference. This would further aid in deciphering the importance of selection in chicken conservation for the increasing human population.
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13
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Li H, Wang P, Hsu E, Pinckard KM, Stanford KI, Han R. Systemic AAV9.BVES delivery ameliorates muscular dystrophy in a mouse model of LGMDR25. Mol Ther 2023; 31:398-408. [PMID: 36433649 PMCID: PMC9931600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type R25 (LGMDR25) is caused by recessive mutations in BVES encoding a cAMP-binding protein, characterized by progressive muscular dystrophy with deteriorating muscle function and impaired cardiac conduction in patients. There is currently no therapeutic treatment for LGMDR25 patients. Here we report the efficacy and safety of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated systemic delivery of human BVES driven by a muscle-specific promoter MHCK7 (AAV9.BVES) in BVES-knockout (BVES-KO) mice. AAV9.BVES efficiently transduced the cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues when intraperitoneally injected into neonatal BVES-KO mice. AAV9.BVES dramatically improved body weight gain, muscle mass, muscle strength, and exercise performance in BVES-KO mice regardless of sex. AAV9.BVES also significantly ameliorated the histopathological features of muscular dystrophy. The heart rate reduction was also normalized in BVES-KO mice under exercise-induced stress following systemic AAV9.BVES delivery. Moreover, intravenous AAV9.BVES administration into adult BVES-KO mice after the disease onset also resulted in substantial improvement in body weight, muscle mass, muscle contractility, and stress-induced heart rhythm abnormality. No obvious toxicity was detected. Taken together, these results provide the proof-of-concept evidence to support the AAV9.BVES gene therapy for LGMDR25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peipei Wang
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ethan Hsu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kelsey M Pinckard
- Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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14
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Swan AH, Schindler RFR, Savarese M, Mayer I, Rinné S, Bleser F, Schänzer A, Hahn A, Sabatelli M, Perna F, Chapman K, Pfuhl M, Spivey AC, Decher N, Udd B, Tasca G, Brand T. Differential effects of mutations of POPDC proteins on heteromeric interaction and membrane trafficking. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:4. [PMID: 36624536 PMCID: PMC9830914 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01501-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) genes encode sarcolemma-localized cAMP effector proteins. Mutations in blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES) also known as POPDC1 and POPDC2 have been associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and cardiac arrhythmia. Muscle biopsies of affected patients display impaired membrane trafficking of both POPDC isoforms. Biopsy material of patients carrying mutations in BVES were immunostained with POPDC antibodies. The interaction of POPDC proteins was investigated by co-precipitation, proximity ligation, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Site-directed mutagenesis was utilised to map the domains involved in protein-protein interaction. Patients carrying a novel homozygous variant, BVES (c.547G > T, p.V183F) displayed only a skeletal muscle pathology and a mild impairment of membrane trafficking of both POPDC isoforms. In contrast, variants such as BVES p.Q153X or POPDC2 p.W188X were associated with a greater impairment of membrane trafficking. Co-transfection analysis in HEK293 cells revealed that POPDC proteins interact with each other through a helix-helix interface located at the C-terminus of the Popeye domain. Site-directed mutagenesis of an array of ultra-conserved hydrophobic residues demonstrated that some of them are required for membrane trafficking of the POPDC1-POPDC2 complex. Mutations in POPDC proteins that cause an impairment in membrane localization affect POPDC complex formation while mutations which leave protein-protein interaction intact likely affect some other essential function of POPDC proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H. Swan
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roland F. R. Schindler
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.434240.5Present Address: Assay Biology, Domainex Ltd, Cambridge, CB10 1XL UK
| | - Marco Savarese
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Department of Medical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Isabelle Mayer
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Rinné
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Felix Bleser
- grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Child Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Neurology, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Perna
- grid.414603.4Dipartimento Di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Kathryn Chapman
- grid.434240.5Present Address: Assay Biology, Domainex Ltd, Cambridge, CB10 1XL UK
| | - Mark Pfuhl
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences and Randall Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Niels Decher
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bjarne Udd
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Folkhälsan Research Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- grid.414603.4Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy ,grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Present Address: John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas Brand
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, UK ,Imperial Centre of Translational and Experimental Medicine, Du Cane Road, London, W120NN UK
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15
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Ripplinger CM, Glukhov AV, Kay MW, Boukens BJ, Chiamvimonvat N, Delisle BP, Fabritz L, Hund TJ, Knollmann BC, Li N, Murray KT, Poelzing S, Quinn TA, Remme CA, Rentschler SL, Rose RA, Posnack NG. Guidelines for assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias in small animals. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H1137-H1166. [PMID: 36269644 PMCID: PMC9678409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00439.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although recent advances in cell-based models, including human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM), are contributing to our understanding of electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms, preclinical animal studies of cardiovascular disease remain a mainstay. Over the past several decades, animal models of cardiovascular disease have advanced our understanding of pathological remodeling, arrhythmia mechanisms, and drug effects and have led to major improvements in pacing and defibrillation therapies. There exist a variety of methodological approaches for the assessment of cardiac electrophysiology and a plethora of parameters may be assessed with each approach. This guidelines article will provide an overview of the strengths and limitations of several common techniques used to assess electrophysiology and arrhythmia mechanisms at the whole animal, whole heart, and tissue level with a focus on small animal models. We also define key electrophysiological parameters that should be assessed, along with their physiological underpinnings, and the best methods with which to assess these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department Physiology, University Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
- Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Larissa Fabritz
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf with DZHK Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt Center for Arrhythmia Research and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine T Murray
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Steven Poelzing
- Virginia Tech Carilon School of Medicine, Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and Arrhythmias Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stacey L Rentschler
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Robert A Rose
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nikki G Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
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16
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Wang J, Morgan W, Saini A, Liu T, Lough J, Han L. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals specific maturation signatures in human cardiomyocytes derived from LMNB2-inactivated induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895162. [PMID: 36518540 PMCID: PMC9742441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocyte maturation entails phenotypic and functional optimization during the late fetal and postnatal phases of heart development, both processes driven and coordinated by complex gene regulatory networks. Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are heterogenous and immature, barely resembling their adult in vivo counterparts. To characterize relevant developmental programs and maturation states during human iPSC-cardiomyocyte differentiation, we performed single-cell transcriptomic sequencing, which revealed six cardiomyocyte subpopulations, whose heterogeneity was defined by cell cycle and maturation states. Two of those subpopulations were characterized by a mature, non-proliferative transcriptional profile. To further investigate the proliferation-maturation transition in cardiomyocytes, we induced loss-of-function of LMNB2, which represses cell cycle progression in primary cardiomyocytes in vivo. This resulted in increased maturation in LMNB2-inactivated cardiomyocytes, characterized by transcriptional profiles related to myofibril structure and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we identified maturation signatures and maturational trajectories unique for control and LMNB2-inactivated cardiomyocytes. By comparing these datasets with single-cell transcriptomes of human fetal hearts, we were able to define spatiotemporal maturation states in human iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Our results provide an integrated approach for comparing in vitro-differentiated cardiomyocytes with their in vivo counterparts and suggest a strategy to promote cardiomyocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ankur Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Lough
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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17
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Baldwin TA, Li Y, Marsden AN, Rinné S, Garza‐Carbajal A, Schindler RFR, Zhang M, Garcia MA, Venna VR, Decher N, Brand T, Dessauer CW. POPDC1 scaffolds a complex of adenylyl cyclase 9 and the potassium channel TREK-1 in heart. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55208. [PMID: 36254885 PMCID: PMC9724675 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of macromolecular complexes by scaffolding proteins is key to the local production of cAMP by anchored adenylyl cyclase (AC) and the subsequent cAMP signaling necessary for cardiac functions. We identify a novel AC scaffold, the Popeye domain-containing (POPDC) protein. The POPDC family of proteins is important for cardiac pacemaking and conduction, due in part to their cAMP-dependent binding and regulation of TREK-1 potassium channels. We show that TREK-1 binds the AC9:POPDC1 complex and copurifies in a POPDC1-dependent manner with AC9 activity in heart. Although the AC9:POPDC1 interaction is cAMP-independent, TREK-1 association with AC9 and POPDC1 is reduced upon stimulation of the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). AC9 activity is required for βAR reduction of TREK-1 complex formation with AC9:POPDC1 and in reversing POPDC1 enhancement of TREK-1 currents. Finally, deletion of the gene-encoding AC9 (Adcy9) gives rise to bradycardia at rest and stress-induced heart rate variability, a milder phenotype than the loss of Popdc1 but similar to the loss of Kcnk2 (TREK-1). Thus, POPDC1 represents a novel adaptor for AC9 interactions with TREK-1 to regulate heart rate control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya A Baldwin
- Department Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Yong Li
- Department Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Autumn N Marsden
- Department Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior MCMBBPhilipps‐University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Anibal Garza‐Carbajal
- Department Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Musi Zhang
- Department Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Mia A Garcia
- Department Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Venugopal Reddy Venna
- Department NeurologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior MCMBBPhilipps‐University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department Integrative Biology and PharmacologyMcGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTXUSA
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18
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Liu JX, Huang T, Xie D, Yu Q. Bves maintains vascular smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype and protects against transplant vasculopathy via Dusp1-dependent p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling. Atherosclerosis 2022; 357:20-32. [PMID: 36037759 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plasticity is tightly associated with the pathological process of vasculopathy. Blood vessel epicardial substance (Bves) has emerged as an important regulator of intracardiac vasculogenesis and organ homeostasis. However, the involvement and role of Bves in VSMC plasticity and neointimal lesion development remain unclear. METHODS We used an in vivo rat model of graft arteriosclerosis and in vitro PDGF-treated VSMCs and identified the novel VSMC contractile phenotype-related gene Bves using a transcriptomic analysis and literature search. In vitro knockdown and overexpression approaches were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic plasticity. In vivo, VSMC-specific Bves overexpression in rat aortic grafts was generated to assess the physiological function of Bves in neointimal lesion development. RESULTS Here, we found that Bves expression was negatively regulated in aortic allografts in vivo and PDGF-treated VSMCs in vitro. The genetic knockdown of Bves dramatically inhibited, whereas Bves overexpression markedly promoted, the VSMC contractile phenotype. Furthermore, RNA sequencing unraveled a positive correlation between Bves and dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (Dusp1) expression in VSMCs. We found that Bves knockdown restrained Dusp1 expression, but enhanced p38MAPK and ERK1/2 activation, resulting in the loss of the VSMC contractile phenotype. In vivo, an analysis of a rat graft model confirmed that VSMC-specific Bves and Dusp1 overexpression in aortic allografts significantly attenuated neointimal lesion formation. CONCLUSIONS Bves maintains the VSMC contractile phenotype through Dusp1-dependent p38MAPK and ERK1/2 signaling, and protects against neointimal formation, underscoring the important role of Bves in preventing transplant vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Huang
- The Eight Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dawei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qihong Yu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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19
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Shetty MS, Ris L, Schindler RFR, Mizuno K, Fedele L, Giese KP, Brand T, Abel T. Mice Lacking the cAMP Effector Protein POPDC1 Show Enhanced Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3457-3471. [PMID: 34937090 PMCID: PMC9376866 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has uncovered diverse forms of synaptic plasticity and an array of molecular signaling mechanisms that act as positive or negative regulators. Specifically, cyclic 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathways are crucially implicated in long-lasting synaptic plasticity. In this study, we examine the role of Popeye domain-containing protein 1 (POPDC1) (or blood vessel epicardial substance (BVES)), a cAMP effector protein, in modulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Unlike other cAMP effectors, such as protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange factor directly activated by cAMP, POPDC1 is membrane-bound and the sequence of the cAMP-binding cassette differs from canonical cAMP-binding domains, suggesting that POPDC1 may have an unique role in cAMP-mediated signaling. Our results show that Popdc1 is widely expressed in various brain regions including the hippocampus. Acute hippocampal slices from Popdc1 knockout (KO) mice exhibit PKA-dependent enhancement in CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP) in response to weaker stimulation paradigms, which in slices from wild-type mice induce only transient LTP. Loss of POPDC1, while not affecting basal transmission or input-specificity of LTP, results in altered response during high-frequency stimulation. Popdc1 KO mice also show enhanced forskolin-induced potentiation. Overall, these findings reveal POPDC1 as a novel negative regulator of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and, together with recent evidence for its interaction with phosphodiesterases (PDEs), suggest that POPDC1 is involved in modulating activity-dependent local cAMP-PKA-PDE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Shivarama Shetty
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laurence Ris
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Mons, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Laura Fedele
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
| | | | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK
| | - Ted Abel
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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20
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Gangfuß A, Hentschel A, Heil L, Gonzalez M, Schönecker A, Depienne C, Nishimura A, Zengeler D, Kohlschmidt N, Sickmann A, Schara-Schmidt U, Fürst DO, van der Ven PFM, Hahn A, Roos A, Schänzer A. Proteomic and morphological insights and clinical presentation of two young patients with novel mutations of BVES (POPDC1). Mol Genet Metab 2022; 136:226-237. [PMID: 35660068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Popeye domain containing protein 1 (POPDC1) is a highly conserved transmembrane protein essential for striated muscle function and homeostasis. Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding POPDC1 (BVES, Blood vessel epicardial substance) are causative for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMDR25), associated with cardiac arrhythmia. We report on four affected children (age 7-19 years) from two consanguineous families with two novel pathogenic variants in BVES c.457C>T(p.Q153X) and c.578T>G (p.I193S). Detailed analyses were performed on muscle biopsies from an affected patient of each family including immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and proteomic profiling. Cardiac abnormalities were present in all patients and serum creatine kinase (CK) values were variably elevated despite lack of overt muscle weakness. Detailed histological analysis of skeletal muscle, however indicated a myopathy with reduced sarcolemmal expression of POPDC1 accompanied by altered sarcolemmal and sarcoplasmatic dysferlin and Xin/XIRP1 abundance. At the electron microscopic level, the muscle fiber membrane was focally disrupted. The proteomic signature showed statistically significant dysregulation of 191 proteins of which 173 were increased and 18 were decreased. Gene ontology-term analysis of affected biological processes revealed - among others - perturbation of muscle fibril assembly, myofilament sliding, and contraction as well as transition between fast and slow fibers. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the phenotype of LGMDR25 is highly variable and also includes younger children with conduction abnormalities, no apparent muscular problems, and only mildly elevated CK values. Biochemical studies suggest that BVES mutations causing loss of functional POPDC1 can impede striated muscle function by several mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gangfuß
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hentschel
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lorena Heil
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne Schönecker
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Nishimura
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Diana Zengeler
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics (CeGaT) GmbH, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara-Schmidt
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter F M van der Ven
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Cell, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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21
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Microbiota and Transcriptomic Effects of an Essential Oil Blend and Its Delivery Route Compared to an Antibiotic Growth Promoter in Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050861. [PMID: 35630307 PMCID: PMC9147064 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the delivery of a commercial essential oil blend containing the phytonutrients star anise, cinnamon, rosemary, and thyme oil (via different routes) on broiler chickens’ ileal and ceca microbiota and liver transcriptome compared to an antibiotic growth promoter. Eggs were incubated and allocated into three groups: non-injected, in ovo saline, and in ovo essential oil. On day 18 of incubation, 0.2 mL of essential oil in saline (dilution ratio of 2:1) or saline alone was injected into the amnion. At hatch, chicks were assigned to post-hatch treatment combinations: (A) a negative control (corn-wheat-soybean diet), (B) in-feed antibiotics, (C) in-water essential oil (250 mL/1000 L of drinking water), (D) in ovo saline, (E) in ovo essential oil, and (F) in ovo essential oil plus in-water essential oil in eight replicate cages (six birds/cage) and raised for 28 days. On days 21 and 28, one and two birds per cage were slaughtered, respectively, to collect gut content and liver tissues for further analysis. Alpha and beta diversity differed significantly between ileal and ceca samples but not between treatment groups. In-feed antibiotic treatment significantly increased the proportion of specific bacteria in the family Lachnospiraceae while reducing the proportion of bacteria in the genus Christensenellaceae in the ceca, compared to other treatments. Sex-controlled differential expression of genes related to cell signaling and tight junctions were recorded. This study provides data that could guide the use of these feed additives and a foundation for further research.
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22
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Ostrom KF, LaVigne JE, Brust TF, Seifert R, Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS. Physiological roles of mammalian transmembrane adenylyl cyclase isoforms. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:815-857. [PMID: 34698552 PMCID: PMC8759965 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1-9, that serve as major effector enzymes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The transmembrane ACs display varying expression patterns across tissues, giving the potential for them to have a wide array of physiological roles. Cells express multiple AC isoforms, implying that ACs have redundant functions. Furthermore, all transmembrane ACs are activated by Gαs, so it was long assumed that all ACs are activated by Gαs-coupled GPCRs. AC isoforms partition to different microdomains of the plasma membrane and form prearranged signaling complexes with specific GPCRs that contribute to cAMP signaling compartments. This compartmentation allows for a diversity of cellular and physiological responses by enabling unique signaling events to be triggered by different pools of cAMP. Isoform-specific pharmacological activators or inhibitors are lacking for most ACs, making knockdown and overexpression the primary tools for examining the physiological roles of a given isoform. Much progress has been made in understanding the physiological effects mediated through individual transmembrane ACs. GPCR-AC-cAMP signaling pathways play significant roles in regulating functions of every cell and tissue, so understanding each AC isoform's role holds potential for uncovering new approaches for treating a vast array of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin E LaVigne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
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23
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Ullah A, Lin Z, Younus M, Shafiq S, Khan S, Rasheed M, Mahmood A, Alqosaibi AI, Alshehri MA, Khan A, Umair M. Homozygous missense variant in POPDC3 causes recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 26. J Gene Med 2022; 24:e3412. [PMID: 35075722 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, which affects different muscles, predominantly skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles of the body. LGMD is classified into two main sub-types A and B, which are further sub-classified into eight dominant and thirty recessive sub-types. Three genes, mainly POPDC1, POPDC2 and POPDC3, encodes popeye domain-containing protein (POPDC), and the variants of POPDC1 and POPDC3 genes have been associated with LGMD. METHODS In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis on a single-family to investigate the hallmark features of LGMD. The results of WES were further confirmed by Sanger sequencing and 3D protein modeling was also performed. RESULTS WES data analysis and sanger sequencing revealed a homozygous missense variant (c.460A>G; p.Lys154Glu) at a highly conserved amino acid position in the POPDC3. Mutations in the POPDC3 gene have been previously associated with recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 26. 3D protein modeling further suggested that the identified variant might affect the POPDC3 structure and proper function. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the role of POPDC3 in LGMD, and will facilitate in genetic counseling of the family to mitigate the risks of the carrier or affected in future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Ullah
- Khyber Medical University Institute of Paramedical Science Peshawar
| | - Zhaohan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Younus
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sarfraz Shafiq
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shazia Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Memoona Rasheed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arif Mahmood
- Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amany I Alqosaibi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory Science, College of Applied medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Khan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Tibbo AJ, Mika D, Dobi S, Ling J, McFall A, Tejeda GS, Blair C, MacLeod R, MacQuaide N, Gök C, Fuller W, Smith BO, Smith GL, Vandecasteele G, Brand T, Baillie GS. Phosphodiesterase type 4 anchoring regulates cAMP signaling to Popeye domain-containing proteins. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 165:86-102. [PMID: 34999055 PMCID: PMC8986152 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP is a ubiquitous second messenger used to transduce intracellular signals from a variety of Gs-coupled receptors. Compartmentalisation of protein intermediates within the cAMP signaling pathway underpins receptor-specific responses. The cAMP effector proteins protein-kinase A and EPAC are found in complexes that also contain phosphodiesterases whose presence ensures a coordinated cellular response to receptor activation events. Popeye domain containing (POPDC) proteins are the most recent class of cAMP effectors to be identified and have crucial roles in cardiac pacemaking and conduction. We report the first observation that POPDC proteins exist in complexes with members of the PDE4 family in cardiac myocytes. We show that POPDC1 preferentially binds the PDE4A sub-family via a specificity motif in the PDE4 UCR1 region and that PDE4s bind to the Popeye domain of POPDC1 in a region known to be susceptible to a mutation that causes human disease. Using a cell-permeable disruptor peptide that displaces the POPDC1-PDE4 complex we show that PDE4 activity localized to POPDC1 modulates cycle length of spontaneous Ca2+ transients firing in intact mouse sinoatrial nodes. POPDC1 forms a complex with type 4 phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) in cardiac myocytes. POPDC1 binds PDE4 enzymes in the Upstream Conserved Region 1 (UCR1) domain. The PDE4 binding motif within the Popeye domain lies in a region that harbours a mutation, which underpins human disease. Disruption of the POPDC1-PDE4 complex modulates the cycle length of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in the sinoatrial node. Disruption of the POPDC1-PDE4 complex causes a significant prolongation of the action potential repolarization phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Tibbo
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Delphine Mika
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sara Dobi
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Jiayue Ling
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Aisling McFall
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Gonzalo S Tejeda
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Connor Blair
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Ruth MacLeod
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Niall MacQuaide
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Caglar Gök
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - William Fuller
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Brian O Smith
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, W12 0NN, London
| | - George S Baillie
- College of Veterinary, Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK.
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25
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Li H, Xu L, Gao Y, Zuo Y, Yang Z, Zhao L, Chen Z, Guo S, Han R. BVES is a novel interactor of ANO5 and regulates myoblast differentiation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:222. [PMID: 34963485 PMCID: PMC8715634 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoctamin 5 (ANO5) is a membrane protein belonging to the TMEM16/Anoctamin family and its deficiency leads to the development of limb girdle muscular dystrophy R12 (LGMDR12). However, little has been known about the interactome of ANO5 and its cellular functions. RESULTS In this study, we exploited a proximal labeling approach to identify the interacting proteins of ANO5 in C2C12 myoblasts stably expressing ANO5 tagged with BioID2. Mass spectrometry identified 41 unique proteins including BVES and POPDC3 specifically from ANO5-BioID2 samples, but not from BioID2 fused with ANO6 or MG53. The interaction between ANO5 and BVES was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and the N-terminus of ANO5 mediated the interaction with the C-terminus of BVES. ANO5 and BVES were co-localized in muscle cells and enriched at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Genome editing-mediated ANO5 or BVES disruption significantly suppressed C2C12 myoblast differentiation with little impact on proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data suggest that BVES is a novel interacting protein of ANO5, involved in regulation of muscle differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yandi Gao
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuanbojiao Zuo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuocheng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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26
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Gruscheski L, Brand T. The Role of POPDC Proteins in Cardiac Pacemaking and Conduction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:160. [PMID: 34940515 PMCID: PMC8706714 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Popeye domain-containing (POPDC) gene family, consisting of Popdc1 (also known as Bves), Popdc2, and Popdc3, encodes transmembrane proteins abundantly expressed in striated muscle. POPDC proteins have recently been identified as cAMP effector proteins and have been proposed to be part of the protein network involved in cAMP signaling. However, their exact biochemical activity is presently poorly understood. Loss-of-function mutations in animal models causes abnormalities in skeletal muscle regeneration, conduction, and heart rate adaptation after stress. Likewise, patients carrying missense or nonsense mutations in POPDC genes have been associated with cardiac arrhythmias and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. In this review, we introduce the POPDC protein family, and describe their structure function, and role in cAMP signaling. Furthermore, the pathological phenotypes observed in zebrafish and mouse models and the clinical and molecular pathologies in patients carrying POPDC mutations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Brand
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
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27
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Two-Pore-Domain Potassium (K 2P-) Channels: Cardiac Expression Patterns and Disease-Specific Remodelling Processes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112914. [PMID: 34831137 PMCID: PMC8616229 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-pore-domain potassium (K2P-) channels conduct outward K+ currents that maintain the resting membrane potential and modulate action potential repolarization. Members of the K2P channel family are widely expressed among different human cell types and organs where they were shown to regulate important physiological processes. Their functional activity is controlled by a broad variety of different stimuli, like pH level, temperature, and mechanical stress but also by the presence of lipids or pharmacological agents. In patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, alterations in K2P-channel expression and function have been observed, suggesting functional significance and a potential therapeutic role of these ion channels. For example, upregulation of atrial specific K2P3.1 (TASK-1) currents in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients was shown to contribute to atrial action potential duration shortening, a key feature of AF-associated atrial electrical remodelling. Therefore, targeting K2P3.1 (TASK-1) channels might constitute an intriguing strategy for AF treatment. Further, mechanoactive K2P2.1 (TREK-1) currents have been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. Cardiovascular expression of other K2P channels has been described, functional evidence in cardiac tissue however remains sparse. In the present review, expression, function, and regulation of cardiovascular K2P channels are summarized and compared among different species. Remodelling patterns, observed in disease models are discussed and compared to findings from clinical patients to assess the therapeutic potential of K2P channels.
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28
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Turner D, Kang C, Mesirca P, Hong J, Mangoni ME, Glukhov AV, Sah R. Electrophysiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Sinoatrial Node Mechanosensitivity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:662410. [PMID: 34434970 PMCID: PMC8382116 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.662410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The understanding of the electrophysiological mechanisms that underlie mechanosensitivity of the sinoatrial node (SAN), the primary pacemaker of the heart, has been evolving over the past century. The heart is constantly exposed to a dynamic mechanical environment; as such, the SAN has numerous canonical and emerging mechanosensitive ion channels and signaling pathways that govern its ability to respond to both fast (within second or on beat-to-beat manner) and slow (minutes) timescales. This review summarizes the effects of mechanical loading on the SAN activity and reviews putative candidates, including fast mechanoactivated channels (Piezo, TREK, and BK) and slow mechanoresponsive ion channels [including volume-regulated chloride channels and transient receptor potential (TRP)], as well as the components of mechanochemical signal transduction, which may contribute to SAN mechanosensitivity. Furthermore, we examine the structural foundation for both mechano-electrical and mechanochemical signal transduction and discuss the role of specialized membrane nanodomains, namely, caveolae, in mechanical regulation of both membrane and calcium clock components of the so-called coupled-clock pacemaker system responsible for SAN automaticity. Finally, we emphasize how these mechanically activated changes contribute to the pathophysiology of SAN dysfunction and discuss controversial areas necessitating future investigations. Though the exact mechanisms of SAN mechanosensitivity are currently unknown, identification of such components, their impact into SAN pacemaking, and pathological remodeling may provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of SAN dysfunction and associated rhythm abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Turner
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chen Kang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Pietro Mesirca
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Juan Hong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexey V Glukhov
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rajan Sah
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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29
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Lengyel M, Enyedi P, Czirják G. Negative Influence by the Force: Mechanically Induced Hyperpolarization via K 2P Background Potassium Channels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169062. [PMID: 34445768 PMCID: PMC8396510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-pore domain K2P subunits form background (leak) potassium channels, which are characterized by constitutive, although not necessarily constant activity, at all membrane potential values. Among the fifteen pore-forming K2P subunits encoded by the KCNK genes, the three members of the TREK subfamily, TREK-1, TREK-2, and TRAAK are mechanosensitive ion channels. Mechanically induced opening of these channels generally results in outward K+ current under physiological conditions, with consequent hyperpolarization and inhibition of membrane potential-dependent cellular functions. In the past decade, great advances have been made in the investigation of the molecular determinants of mechanosensation, and members of the TREK subfamily have emerged among the best-understood examples of mammalian ion channels directly influenced by the tension of the phospholipid bilayer. In parallel, the crucial contribution of mechano-gated TREK channels to the regulation of membrane potential in several cell types has been reported. In this review, we summarize the general principles underlying the mechanical activation of K2P channels, and focus on the physiological roles of mechanically induced hyperpolarization.
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30
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Mika D, Fischmeister R. Cyclic nucleotide signaling and pacemaker activity. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 166:29-38. [PMID: 34298001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the natural pacemaker of the heart, producing the electrical impulse that initiates every heart beat. Its activity is tightly controlled by the autonomic nervous system, and by circulating and locally released factors. Neurohumoral regulation of heart rate plays a crucial role in the integration of vital functions and influences behavior and ability to respond to changing environmental conditions. At the cellular level, modulation of SAN activity occurs through intracellular signaling pathways involving cyclic nucleotides: cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). In this Review, dedicated to Professor Dario DiFrancesco and his accomplishements in the field of cardiac pacemaking, we summarize all findings on the role of cyclic nucleotides signaling in regulating the key actors of cardiac automatism, and we provide an up-to-date review on cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterases (PDEs), compellingly involved in this modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Mika
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR-S, 1180, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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31
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Herrera-Pérez S, Campos-Ríos A, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Lamas JA. Contribution of K2P Potassium Channels to Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126635. [PMID: 34205717 PMCID: PMC8234311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Years before the first two-pore domain potassium channel (K2P) was cloned, certain ion channels had already been demonstrated to be present in the heart with characteristics and properties usually attributed to the TREK channels (a subfamily of K2P channels). K2P channels were later detected in cardiac tissue by RT-PCR, although the distribution of the different K2P subfamilies in the heart seems to depend on the species analyzed. In order to collect relevant information in this regard, we focus here on the TWIK, TASK and TREK cardiac channels, their putative roles in cardiac physiology and their implication in coronary pathologies. Most of the RNA expression data and electrophysiological recordings available to date support the presence of these different K2P subfamilies in distinct cardiac cells. Likewise, we show how these channels may be involved in certain pathologies, such as atrial fibrillation, long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome.
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Colombe AS, Pidoux G. Cardiac cAMP-PKA Signaling Compartmentalization in Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040922. [PMID: 33923648 PMCID: PMC8073060 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, cAMP signaling plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac function. Activation of this intracellular signaling pathway mirrors cardiomyocyte adaptation to various extracellular stimuli. Extracellular ligand binding to seven-transmembrane receptors (also known as GPCRs) with G proteins and adenylyl cyclases (ACs) modulate the intracellular cAMP content. Subsequently, this second messenger triggers activation of specific intracellular downstream effectors that ensure a proper cellular response. Therefore, it is essential for the cell to keep the cAMP signaling highly regulated in space and time. The temporal regulation depends on the activity of ACs and phosphodiesterases. By scaffolding key components of the cAMP signaling machinery, A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) coordinate both the spatial and temporal regulation. Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of death in industrialized countries and is characterized by a prolonged cardiac ischemia. This leads to irreversible cardiomyocyte death and impairs cardiac function. Regardless of its causes, a chronic activation of cardiac cAMP signaling is established to compensate this loss. While this adaptation is primarily beneficial for contractile function, it turns out, in the long run, to be deleterious. This review compiles current knowledge about cardiac cAMP compartmentalization under physiological conditions and post-myocardial infarction when it appears to be profoundly impaired.
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Gu J, Liang Q, Liu C, Li S. Genomic Analyses Reveal Adaptation to Hot Arid and Harsh Environments in Native Chickens of China. Front Genet 2021; 11:582355. [PMID: 33424922 PMCID: PMC7793703 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.582355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute thermal response has been extensively studied in commercial chickens because of the adverse effects of heat stress on poultry production worldwide. Here, we performed whole-genome resequencing of autochthonous Niya chicken breed native to the Taklimakan Desert region as well as of 11 native chicken breeds that are widely distributed and reared under native humid and temperate areas. We used combined statistical analysis to search for putative genes that might be related to the adaptation of hot arid and harsh environment in Niya chickens. We obtained a list of intersected candidate genes with log2 θπ ratio, FST and XP-CLR (including 123 regions of 21 chromosomes with the average length of 54.4 kb) involved in different molecular processes and pathways implied complex genetic mechanisms of adaptation of native chickens to hot arid and harsh environments. We identified several selective regions containing genes that were associated with the circulatory system and blood vessel development (BVES, SMYD1, IL18, PDGFRA, NRP1, and CORIN), related to central nervous system development (SIM2 and NALCN), related to apoptosis (CLPTM1L, APP, CRADD, and PARK2) responded to stimuli (AHR, ESRRG FAS, and UBE4B) and involved in fatty acid metabolism (FABP1). Our findings provided the genomic evidence of the complex genetic mechanisms of adaptation to hot arid and harsh environments in chickens. These results may improve our understanding of thermal, drought, and harsh environment acclimation in chickens and may serve as a valuable resource for developing new biotechnological tools to breed stress-tolerant chicken lines and or breeds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Qiqi Liang
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Can Liu
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Maxun Biotechnology Institute, Changsha, China
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Mesirca P, Fedorov VV, Hund TJ, Torrente AG, Bidaud I, Mohler PJ, Mangoni ME. Pharmacologic Approach to Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 61:757-778. [PMID: 33017571 PMCID: PMC7790915 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-031120-115815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous activity of the sinoatrial node initiates the heartbeat. Sino-atrial node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinoatrial (sick sinus) syndrome are caused by the heart's inability to generate a normal sinoatrial node action potential. In clinical practice, SND is generally considered an age-related pathology, secondary to degenerative fibrosis of the heart pacemaker tissue. However, other forms of SND exist, including idiopathic primary SND, which is genetic, and forms that are secondary to cardiovascular or systemic disease. The incidence of SND in the general population is expected to increase over the next half century, boosting the need to implant electronic pacemakers. During the last two decades, our knowledge of sino-atrial node physiology and of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SND has advanced considerably. This review summarizes the current knowledge about SND mechanisms and discusses the possibility of introducing new pharmacologic therapies for treating SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mesirca
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34096 Montpellier, France;
- LabEx Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics (ICST), 06560 Nice, France
| | - Vadim V Fedorov
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia at the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia at the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Angelo G Torrente
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34096 Montpellier, France;
- LabEx Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics (ICST), 06560 Nice, France
| | - Isabelle Bidaud
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34096 Montpellier, France;
- LabEx Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics (ICST), 06560 Nice, France
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia at the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Matteo E Mangoni
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34096 Montpellier, France;
- LabEx Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics (ICST), 06560 Nice, France
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Holt I, Fuller HR, Schindler RFR, Shirran SL, Brand T, Morris GE. An interaction of heart disease-associated proteins POPDC1/2 with XIRP1 in transverse tubules and intercalated discs. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:88. [PMID: 33261556 PMCID: PMC7709239 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Popeye domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (POPDC1 and POPDC2) are transmembrane proteins involved in cyclic AMP-mediated signalling processes and are required for normal cardiac pacemaking and conduction. In order to identify novel protein interaction partners, POPDC1 and 2 proteins were attached to beads and compared by proteomic analysis with control beads in the pull-down of proteins from cultured human skeletal myotubes. Results There were highly-significant interactions of both POPDC1 and POPDC2 with XIRP1 (Xin actin binding repeat-containing protein 1), actin and, to a lesser degree, annexin A5. In adult human skeletal muscle, both XIRP1 and POPDC1/2 were present at the sarcolemma and in T-tubules. The interaction of POPDC1 with XIRP1 was confirmed in adult rat heart extracts. Using new monoclonal antibodies specific for POPDC1 and POPDC2, both proteins, together with XIRP1, were found mainly at intercalated discs but also at T-tubules in adult rat and human heart. Conclusions Mutations in human POPDC1, POPDC2 and in human XIRP1, all cause pathological cardiac arrhythmias, suggesting a possible role for POPDC1/2 and XIRP1 interaction in normal cardiac conduction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-020-00329-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Holt
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK. .,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Roland F R Schindler
- Imperial Centre of Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 4th Floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sally L Shirran
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Thomas Brand
- Imperial Centre of Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, 4th Floor, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Glenn E Morris
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
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Fedele L, Brand T. The Intrinsic Cardiac Nervous System and Its Role in Cardiac Pacemaking and Conduction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040054. [PMID: 33255284 PMCID: PMC7712215 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac autonomic nervous system (CANS) plays a key role for the regulation of cardiac activity with its dysregulation being involved in various heart diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias. The CANS comprises the extrinsic and intrinsic innervation of the heart. The intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) includes the network of the intracardiac ganglia and interconnecting neurons. The cardiac ganglia contribute to the tight modulation of cardiac electrophysiology, working as a local hub integrating the inputs of the extrinsic innervation and the ICNS. A better understanding of the role of the ICNS for the modulation of the cardiac conduction system will be crucial for targeted therapies of various arrhythmias. We describe the embryonic development, anatomy, and physiology of the ICNS. By correlating the topography of the intracardiac neurons with what is known regarding their biophysical and neurochemical properties, we outline their physiological role in the control of pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes. We conclude by highlighting cardiac disorders with a putative involvement of the ICNS and outline open questions that need to be addressed in order to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the ICNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fedele
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (T.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-207-594-6531 (L.F.); +44-(0)-207-594-8744 (T.B.)
| | - Thomas Brand
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (T.B.); Tel.: +44-(0)-207-594-6531 (L.F.); +44-(0)-207-594-8744 (T.B.)
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Varró A, Tomek J, Nagy N, Virág L, Passini E, Rodriguez B, Baczkó I. Cardiac transmembrane ion channels and action potentials: cellular physiology and arrhythmogenic behavior. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1083-1176. [PMID: 33118864 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are among the leading causes of mortality. They often arise from alterations in the electrophysiological properties of cardiac cells and their underlying ionic mechanisms. It is therefore critical to further unravel the pathophysiology of the ionic basis of human cardiac electrophysiology in health and disease. In the first part of this review, current knowledge on the differences in ion channel expression and properties of the ionic processes that determine the morphology and properties of cardiac action potentials and calcium dynamics from cardiomyocytes in different regions of the heart are described. Then the cellular mechanisms promoting arrhythmias in congenital or acquired conditions of ion channel function (electrical remodeling) are discussed. The focus is on human-relevant findings obtained with clinical, experimental, and computational studies, given that interspecies differences make the extrapolation from animal experiments to human clinical settings difficult. Deepening the understanding of the diverse pathophysiology of human cellular electrophysiology will help in developing novel and effective antiarrhythmic strategies for specific subpopulations and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jakub Tomek
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Virág
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elisa Passini
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Yarwood SJ. Special Issue on "New Advances in Cyclic AMP Signalling"-An Editorial Overview. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102274. [PMID: 33053803 PMCID: PMC7599692 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotides 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) signalling system underlies the control of many biological events and disease processes in man. Cyclic AMP is synthesised by adenylate cyclase (AC) enzymes in order to activate effector proteins and it is then degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. Research in recent years has identified a range of cell-type-specific cyclic AMP effector proteins, including protein kinase A (PKA), exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP (EPAC), cyclic AMP responsive ion channels (CICs), and the Popeye domain containing (POPDC) proteins, which participate in different signalling mechanisms. In addition, recent advances have revealed new mechanisms of action for cyclic AMP signalling, including new effectors and new levels of compartmentalization into nanodomains, involving AKAP proteins and targeted adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase enzymes. This Special Issue contains 21 papers that highlight advances in our current understanding of the biology of compartmentlised cyclic AMP signalling. This ranges from issues of pathogenesis and associated molecular pathways, functional assessment of novel nanodomains, to the development of novel tool molecules and new techniques for imaging cyclic AMP compartmentilisation. This editorial aims to summarise these papers within the wider context of cyclic AMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen John Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
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Sadek MS, Cachorro E, El-Armouche A, Kämmerer S. Therapeutic Implications for PDE2 and cGMP/cAMP Mediated Crosstalk in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7462. [PMID: 33050419 PMCID: PMC7590001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are the principal superfamily of enzymes responsible for degrading the secondary messengers 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. Their refined subcellular localization and substrate specificity contribute to finely regulate cAMP/cGMP gradients in various cellular microdomains. Redistribution of multiple signal compartmentalization components is often perceived under pathological conditions. Thereby PDEs have long been pursued as therapeutic targets in diverse disease conditions including neurological, metabolic, cancer and autoimmune disorders in addition to numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). PDE2 is a unique member of the broad family of PDEs. In addition to its capability to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, PDE2 is the sole isoform that may be allosterically activated by cGMP increasing its cAMP hydrolyzing activity. Within the cardiovascular system, PDE2 serves as an integral regulator for the crosstalk between cAMP/cGMP pathways and thereby may couple chronically adverse augmented cAMP signaling with cardioprotective cGMP signaling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDE2 regulatory functions in multiple cellular components within the cardiovascular system and also within various subcellular microdomains. Implications for PDE2- mediated crosstalk mechanisms in diverse cardiovascular pathologies are discussed highlighting the prospective use of PDE2 as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.S.); (E.C.)
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BVES downregulation in non-syndromic tetralogy of fallot is associated with ventricular outflow tract stenosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14167. [PMID: 32843646 PMCID: PMC7447802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BVES is a transmembrane protein, our previous work demonstrated that single nucleotide mutations of BVES in tetralogy of fallot (TOF) patients cause a downregulation of BVES transcription. However, the relationship between BVES and the pathogenesis of TOF has not been determined. Here we reported our research results about the relationship between BVES and the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) stenosis. BVES expression was significantly downregulated in most TOF samples compared with controls. The expression of the second heart field (SHF) regulatory network genes, including NKX2.5, GATA4 and HAND2, was also decreased in the TOF samples. In zebrafish, bves knockdown resulted in looping defects and ventricular outflow tract (VOT) stenosis, which was mostly rescued by injecting bves mRNA. bves knockdown in zebrafish also decreased the expression of SHF genes, such as nkx2.5, gata4 and hand2, consistent with the TOF samples` results. The dual-fluorescence reporter system analysis showed that BVES positively regulated the transcriptional activity of GATA4, NKX2.5 and HAND2 promoters. In zebrafish, nkx2.5 mRNA partially rescued VOT stenosis caused by bves knockdown. These results indicate that BVES downregulation may be associated with RVOT stenosis of non-syndromic TOF, and bves is probably involved in the development of VOT in zebrafish.
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Wiedmann F, Rinné S, Donner B, Decher N, Katus HA, Schmidt C. Mechanosensitive TREK-1 two-pore-domain potassium (K 2P) channels in the cardiovascular system. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 159:126-135. [PMID: 32553901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TWIK-related K+ channel (TREK-1) two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels mediate background potassium currents and regulate cellular excitability in many different types of cells. Their functional activity is controlled by a broad variety of different physiological stimuli, such as temperature, extracellular or intracellular pH, lipids and mechanical stress. By linking cellular excitability to mechanical stress, TREK-1 currents might be important to mediate parts of the mechanoelectrical feedback described in the heart. Furthermore, TREK-1 currents might contribute to the dysregulation of excitability in the heart in pathophysiological situations, such as those caused by abnormal stretch or ischaemia-associated cell swelling, thereby contributing to arrhythmogenesis. In this review, we focus on the functional role of TREK-1 in the heart and its putative contribution to cardiac mechanoelectrical coupling. Its cardiac expression among different species is discussed, alongside with functional evidence for TREK-1 currents in cardiomyocytes. In addition, evidence for the involvement of TREK-1 currents in different cardiac arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, is summarized. Furthermore, the role of TREK-1 and its interaction partners in the regulation of the cardiac heart rate is reviewed. Finally, we focus on the significance of TREK-1 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wiedmann
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Donner
- Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constanze Schmidt
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; HCR, Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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POPDC2 a novel susceptibility gene for conduction disorders. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 145:74-83. [PMID: 32535041 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress in the understanding of cardiac ion channel function and its role in inherited forms of ventricular arrhythmias, the molecular basis of cardiac conduction disorders often remains unresolved. We aimed to elucidate the genetic background of familial atrioventricular block (AVB) using a whole exome sequencing (WES) approach. In monozygotic twins with a third-degree AVB and in another, unrelated family with first-degree AVB, we identified a heterozygous nonsense mutation in the POPDC2 gene causing a premature stop at position 188 (POPDC2W188⁎), deleting parts of its cAMP binding-domain. Popeye-domain containing (POPDC) proteins are predominantly expressed in the skeletal muscle and the heart, with particularly high expression of POPDC2 in the sinoatrial node of the mouse. We now show by quantitative PCR experiments that in the human heart the POPDC-modulated two-pore domain potassium (K2P) channel TREK-1 is preferentially expressed in the atrioventricular node. Co-expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that POPDC2W188⁎ causes a loss-of-function with impaired TREK-1 modulation. Consistent with the high expression level of POPDC2 in the murine sinoatrial node, POPDC2W188⁎ knock-in mice displayed stress-induced sinus bradycardia and pauses, a phenotype that was previously also reported for POPDC2 and TREK-1 knock-out mice. We propose that the POPDC2W188⁎ loss-of-function mutation contributes to AVB pathogenesis by an aberrant modulation of TREK-1, highlighting that POPDC2 represents a novel arrhythmia gene for cardiac conduction disorders.
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43
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Vandecasteele G, Bedioune I. Investigating cardiac β-adrenergic nuclear signaling with FRET-based biosensors. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2020; 82:198-200. [PMID: 32482343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
By activating membrane β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR), noradrenaline and adrenaline are the most powerful stimulators of cardiac function. β-ARs are coupled to the synthesis of cAMP, which activates the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PKA regulates the key proteins of excitation-contraction coupling but also gene expression. While an acute activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway allows adaptation of cardiac output to exercise, its chronic activation is deleterious by promoting pathological remodeling of the heart. The use of probes based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and located specifically at the level of the cytoplasm or the nucleus make it possible to highlight the differential mechanisms by which β-ARs control PKA activation in these two compartments. The characterization of these mechanisms is important in order to better understand the deleterious effects of chronic activation of the β-adrenergic pathway in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Inserm, signaling and cardiovascular pathophysiology, UMR-S1180, université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Ibrahim Bedioune
- Inserm, signaling and cardiovascular pathophysiology, UMR-S1180, université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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POPDC proteins and cardiac function. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1393-1404. [PMID: 31551355 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein-protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.
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Tschaikner P, Enzler F, Torres-Quesada O, Aanstad P, Stefan E. Hedgehog and Gpr161: Regulating cAMP Signaling in the Primary Cilium. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010118. [PMID: 31947770 PMCID: PMC7017137 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Compartmentalization of diverse types of signaling molecules contributes to the precise coordination of signal propagation. The primary cilium fulfills this function by acting as a spatiotemporally confined sensory signaling platform. For the integrity of ciliary signaling, it is mandatory that the ciliary signaling pathways are constantly attuned by alterations in both oscillating small molecules and the presence or absence of their sensor/effector proteins. In this context, ciliary G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways participate in coordinating the mobilization of the diffusible second messenger molecule 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP fluxes in the cilium are primarily sensed by protein kinase A (PKA) complexes, which are essential for the basal repression of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Here, we describe the dynamic properties of underlying signaling circuits, as well as strategies for second messenger compartmentalization. As an example, we summarize how receptor-guided cAMP-effector pathways control the off state of Hh signaling. We discuss the evidence that a macromolecular, ciliary-localized signaling complex, composed of the orphan GPCR Gpr161 and type I PKA holoenzymes, is involved in antagonizing Hh functions. Finally, we outline how ciliary cAMP-linked receptor pathways and cAMP-sensing signalosomes may become targets for more efficient combinatory therapy approaches to counteract dysregulation of Hh signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Tschaikner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Florian Enzler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
| | - Pia Aanstad
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.T.); (F.E.); (O.T.-Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-507-57531; Fax: +43-512-507-57599
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The Role of the Popeye Domain Containing Gene Family in Organ Homeostasis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121594. [PMID: 31817925 PMCID: PMC6952887 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Popeye domain containing (POPDC) gene family consists of POPDC1 (also known as BVES), POPDC2 and POPDC3 and encodes a novel class of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) effector proteins. Despite first reports of their isolation and initial characterization at the protein level dating back 20 years, only recently major advances in defining their biological functions and disease association have been made. Loss-of-function experiments in mice and zebrafish established an important role in skeletal muscle regeneration, heart rhythm control and stress signaling. Patients suffering from muscular dystrophy and atrioventricular block were found to carry missense and nonsense mutations in either of the three POPDC genes, which suggests an important function in the control of striated muscle homeostasis. However, POPDC genes are also expressed in a number of epithelial cells and function as tumor suppressor genes involved in the control of epithelial structure, tight junction formation and signaling. Suppression of POPDC genes enhances tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in a variety of human cancers, thus promoting a malignant phenotype. Moreover, downregulation of POPDC1 and POPDC3 expression in different cancer types has been associated with poor prognosis. However, high POPDC3 expression has also been correlated to poor clinical prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting that POPDC3 potentially plays different roles in the progression of different types of cancer. Interestingly, a gain of POPDC1 function in tumor cells inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion thereby reducing malignancy. Furthermore, POPDC proteins have been implicated in the control of cell cycle genes and epidermal growth factor and Wnt signaling. Work in tumor cell lines suggest that cyclic nucleotide binding may also be important in epithelial cells. Thus, POPDC proteins have a prominent role in tissue homeostasis and cellular signaling in both epithelia and striated muscle.
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47
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Smith SA, Newby AC, Bond M. Ending Restenosis: Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by cAMP. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111447. [PMID: 31744111 PMCID: PMC6912325 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation contributes towards restenosis after angioplasty, vein graft intimal thickening and atherogenesis. The second messenger 3′ 5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in maintaining VSMC quiescence in healthy vessels and repressing VSMC proliferation during resolution of vascular injury. Although the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP in VSMC have been recognised for many years, it is only recently that we gained a detailed understanding of the underlying signalling mechanisms. Stimuli that elevate cAMP in VSMC inhibit G1-S phase cell cycle progression by inhibiting expression of cyclins and preventing S-Phase Kinase Associated Protein-2 (Skp2-mediated degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Early studies implicated inhibition of MAPK signalling, although this does not fully explain the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP. The cAMP effectors, Protein Kinase A (PKA) and Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) act together to inhibit VSMC proliferation by inducing Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding protein (CREB) activity and inhibiting members of the RhoGTPases, which results in remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cyclic-AMP induced actin remodelling controls proliferation by modulating the activity of Serum Response Factor (SRF) and TEA Domain Transcription Factors (TEAD), which regulate expression of genes required for proliferation. Here we review recent research characterising these mechanisms, highlighting novel drug targets that may allow the anti-mitogenic properties of cAMP to be harnessed therapeutically to limit restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Bond
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-117-3423586
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Piché J, Van Vliet PP, Pucéat M, Andelfinger G. The expanding phenotypes of cohesinopathies: one ring to rule them all! Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2828-2848. [PMID: 31516082 PMCID: PMC6791706 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1658476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation and development of life depend on the adequate segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis. This process is ensured by the cohesin multi-subunit complex. Mutations in this complex have been associated with an increasing number of diseases, termed cohesinopathies. The best characterized cohesinopathy is Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), in which intellectual and growth retardations are the main phenotypic manifestations. Despite some overlap, the clinical manifestations of cohesinopathies vary considerably. Novel roles of the cohesin complex have emerged during the past decades, suggesting that important cell cycle regulators exert important biological effects through non-cohesion-related functions and broadening the potential pathomechanisms involved in cohesinopathies. This review focuses on non-cohesion-related functions of the cohesin complex, gene dosage effect, epigenetic regulation and TGF-β in cohesinopathy context, especially in comparison to Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia (CAID) syndrome, a very distinct cohesinopathy caused by a homozygous Shugoshin-1 (SGO1) mutation (K23E) and characterized by pacemaker failure in both heart (sick sinus syndrome followed by atrial flutter) and gut (chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction) with no intellectual or growth delay. We discuss the possible impact of SGO1 alterations in human pathologies and the potential impact of the SGO1 K23E mutation in the sinus node and gut development and functions. We suggest that the human phenotypes observed in CdLS, CAID syndrome and other cohesinopathies can inform future studies into the less well-known non-cohesion-related functions of cohesin complex genes. Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer Disease; AFF4: AF4/FMR2 Family Member 4; ANKRD11: Ankyrin Repeat Domain 11; APC: Anaphase Promoter Complex; ASD: Atrial Septal Defect; ATRX: ATRX Chromatin Remodeler; ATRX: Alpha Thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability syndrome; BIRC5: Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5; BMP: Bone Morphogenetic Protein; BRD4: Bromodomain Containing 4; BUB1: BUB1 Mitotic Checkpoint Serine/Threonine Kinase; CAID: Chronic Atrial and Intestinal Dysrhythmia; CDK1: Cyclin Dependent Kinase 1; CdLS: Cornelia de Lange Syndrome; CHD: Congenital Heart Disease; CHOPS: Cognitive impairment, coarse facies, Heart defects, Obesity, Pulmonary involvement, Short stature, and skeletal dysplasia; CIPO: Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; c-kit: KIT Proto-Oncogene Receptor Tyrosine Kinase; CoATs: Cohesin Acetyltransferases; CTCF: CCCTC-Binding Factor; DDX11: DEAD/H-Box Helicase 11; ERG: Transcriptional Regulator ERG; ESCO2: Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion N-Acetyltransferase 2; GJC1: Gap Junction Protein Gamma 1; H2A: Histone H2A; H3K4: Histone H3 Lysine 4; H3K9: Histone H3 Lysine 9; HCN4: Hyperpolarization Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Potassium and Sodium Channel 4;p HDAC8: Histone deacetylases 8; HP1: Heterochromatin Protein 1; ICC: Interstitial Cells of Cajal; ICC-MP: Myenteric Plexus Interstitial cells of Cajal; ICC-DMP: Deep Muscular Plexus Interstitial cells of Cajal; If: Pacemaker Funny Current; IP3: Inositol trisphosphate; JNK: C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase; LDS: Loeys-Dietz Syndrome; LOAD: Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease; MAPK: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase; MAU: MAU Sister Chromatid Cohesion Factor; MFS: Marfan Syndrome; NIPBL: NIPBL, Cohesin Loading Factor; OCT4: Octamer-Binding Protein 4; P38: P38 MAP Kinase; PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus; PDS5: PDS5 Cohesin Associated Factor; P-H3: Phospho Histone H3; PLK1: Polo Like Kinase 1; POPDC1: Popeye Domain Containing 1; POPDC2: Popeye Domain Containing 2; PP2A: Protein Phosphatase 2; RAD21: RAD21 Cohesin Complex Component; RBS: Roberts Syndrome; REC8: REC8 Meiotic Recombination Protein; RNAP2: RNA polymerase II; SAN: Sinoatrial node; SCN5A: Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 5; SEC: Super Elongation Complex; SGO1: Shogoshin-1; SMAD: SMAD Family Member; SMC1A: Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 1A; SMC3: Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes 3; SNV: Single Nucleotide Variant; SOX2: SRY-Box 2; SOX17: SRY-Box 17; SSS: Sick Sinus Syndrome; STAG2: Cohesin Subunit SA-2; TADs: Topology Associated Domains; TBX: T-box transcription factors; TGF-β: Transforming Growth Factor β; TGFBR: Transforming Growth Factor β receptor; TOF: Tetralogy of Fallot; TREK1: TREK-1 K(+) Channel Subunit; VSD: Ventricular Septal Defect; WABS: Warsaw Breakage Syndrome; WAPL: WAPL Cohesin Release Factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Piché
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet Van Vliet
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory), CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory), INSERM, Marseille, U1251-13885, France
| | - Michel Pucéat
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory), CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory), INSERM, Marseille, U1251-13885, France
- INSERM U-1251, MMG,Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, 13885, France
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Vissing J, Johnson K, Töpf A, Nafissi S, Díaz-Manera J, French VM, Schindler RF, Sarathchandra P, Løkken N, Rinné S, Freund M, Decher N, Müller T, Duno M, Krag T, Brand T, Straub V. POPDC3 Gene Variants Associate with a New Form of Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:832-843. [PMID: 31610034 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Popeye domain containing 3 (POPDC3) gene encodes a membrane protein involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. Besides gastric cancer, no disease association has been described. We describe a new muscular dystrophy associated with this gene. METHODS We screened 1,500 patients with unclassified limb girdle weakness or hyperCKemia for pathogenic POPDC3 variants. Five patients carrying POPDC3 variants were examined by muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), muscle biopsy, and cardiac examination. We performed functional analyses in a zebrafish popdc3 knockdown model and heterologous expression of the mutant proteins in Xenopus laevis oocytes to measure TREK-1 current. RESULTS We identified homozygous POPDC3 missense variants (p.Leu155His, p.Leu217Phe, and p.Arg261Gln) in 5 patients from 3 ethnically distinct families. Variants affected highly conserved residues in the Popeye (p.Leu155 and p.Leu217) and carboxy-terminal (p.Arg261) domains. The variants were almost absent from control populations. Probands' muscle biopsies were dystrophic, and serum creatine kinase levels were 1,050 to 9,200U/l. Muscle weakness was proximal with adulthood onset in most patients and affected lower earlier than upper limbs. Muscle MRI revealed fat replacement of paraspinal and proximal leg muscles; cardiac investigations were unremarkable. Knockdown of popdc3 in zebrafish, using 2 different splice-site blocking morpholinos, resulted in larvae with tail curling and dystrophic muscle features. All 3 mutants cloned in Xenopus oocytes caused an aberrant modulation of the mechano-gated potassium channel, TREK-1. INTERPRETATION Our findings point to an important role of POPDC3 for skeletal muscle function and suggest that pathogenic variants in POPDC3 are responsible for a novel type of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophy. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:832-843.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine Johnson
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Unitat de Malalties Neuromusculars, Servei de Neurologia, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona and CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa M French
- Developmental Dynamics, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roland F Schindler
- Developmental Dynamics, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoline Løkken
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Rinné
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Max Freund
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, AG Vegetative Physiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Morten Duno
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Brand
- Developmental Dynamics, Myocardial Function, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Vardjan N, Parpura V, Verkhratsky A, Zorec R. Gliocrine System: Astroglia as Secretory Cells of the CNS. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1175:93-115. [PMID: 31583585 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are secretory cells, actively participating in cell-to-cell communication in the central nervous system (CNS). They sense signaling molecules in the extracellular space, around the nearby synapses and also those released at much farther locations in the CNS, by their cell surface receptors, get excited to then release their own signaling molecules. This contributes to the brain information processing, based on diffusion within the extracellular space around the synapses and on convection when locales relatively far away from the release sites are involved. These functions resemble secretion from endocrine cells, therefore astrocytes were termed to be a part of the gliocrine system in 2015. An important mechanism, by which astrocytes release signaling molecules is the merger of the vesicle membrane with the plasmalemma, i.e., exocytosis. Signaling molecules stored in astroglial secretory vesicles can be discharged into the extracellular space after the vesicle membrane fuses with the plasma membrane. This leads to a fusion pore formation, a channel that must widen to allow the exit of the Vesiclal cargo. Upon complete vesicle membrane fusion, this process also integrates other proteins, such as receptors, transporters and channels into the plasma membrane, determining astroglial surface signaling landscape. Vesiclal cargo, together with the whole vesicle can also exit astrocytes by the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane (exosomes) or by budding of vesicles (ectosomes) from the plasma membrane into the extracellular space. These astroglia-derived extracellular vesicles can later interact with various target cells. Here, the characteristics of four types of astroglial secretory vesicles: synaptic-like microvesicles, dense-core vesicles, secretory lysosomes, and extracellular vesicles, are discussed. Then machinery for vesicle-based exocytosis, second messenger regulation and the kinetics of exocytotic vesicle content discharge or release of extracellular vesicles are considered. In comparison to rapidly responsive, electrically excitable neurons, the receptor-mediated cytosolic excitability-mediated astroglial exocytotic vesicle-based transmitter release is a relatively slow process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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