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Wang D, Wang W, Song M, Xie Y, Kuang W, Yang P. Regulation of protein phosphorylation by PTPN2 and its small-molecule inhibitors/degraders as a potential disease treatment strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116774. [PMID: 39178726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) is an enzyme that dephosphorylates proteins with tyrosine residues, thereby modulating relevant signaling pathways in vivo. PTPN2 acts as tumor suppressor or tumor promoter depending on the context. In some cancers, such as colorectal, and lung cancer, PTPN2 defects could impair the protein tyrosine kinase pathway, which is often over-activated in cancer cells, and inhibit tumor development and progression. However, PTPN2 can also suppress tumor immunity by regulating immune cells and cytokines. The structure, functions, and substrates of PTPN2 in various tumor cells were reviewed in this paper. And we summarized the research status of small molecule inhibitors and degraders of PTPN2. It also highlights the potential opportunities and challenges for developing PTPN2 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenmu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Mingge Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yishi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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2
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Attia DHS, Alkaffas M, Eissa M, Rashed L, Khattab RAM, Elzanaty R, Khattab RA, Samy LA. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene polymorphisms (rs2542151, rs7234029) in Egyptian Behçet's disease patients: a preliminary report. Clin Rheumatol 2024:10.1007/s10067-024-07128-7. [PMID: 39320556 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) gene have been documented to be linked with several autoimmune disorders including Behçet's disease (BD). PTPN2 SNPs rs2542151 and rs7234029 have been assessed using real-time PCR in 96 BD patients and 50 controls matched by age and gender. Patients were categorized into groups according to the disease phenotypes and severity. A total of 94.8% of patients were males. The patients' mean age at onset was 26.1 ± 8 years. The median (IQR) disease duration was 8.5(4-13) years. No difference was observed between the patients and controls concerning the frequency of the two SNPs' different genotypes, models, and alleles. Moreover, neither disease phenotypes nor severity were associated with rs2542151 or rs7234029 SNPs. PTPN2 rs2542151 and rs7234029 SNPs do not seem to have associations with BD occurrence, phenotypes, or severity in the Egyptian patients. Key Points • PTPN2 rs2542151 and rs7234029 SNPs do not seem to have associations with BD occurrence, phenotypes, or severity in the Egyptian patients. • Further studies involving a larger sample size with variable clinical diversity are recommended to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H S Attia
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospitals, Saray El Manial Street, El Manial, Cairo, 11956, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Alkaffas
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Saray El Manial Street, El Manial, Cairo, 11956, Egypt
| | - Mervat Eissa
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospitals, Saray El Manial Street, El Manial, Cairo, 11956, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Saray El Manial Street, El Manial, Cairo, 11956, Egypt
| | - Rasha A M Khattab
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Radwa Elzanaty
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Saray El Manial Street, El Manial, Cairo, 11956, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Khattab
- Ophthalmology Department, Helwan University Student's Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamees A Samy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospitals, Saray El Manial Street, El Manial, Cairo, 11956, Egypt
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3
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Li HY, Jing YM, Shen X, Tang MY, Shen HH, Li XW, Wang ZS, Su F. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor II: A possible biomarker of poor prognosis and mediator of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:3913-3931. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of primary liver cancer is increasing year by year. In 2022 alone, more than 900000 people were diagnosed with liver cancer worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for 75%-85% of cases. HCC is the most common primary liver cancer. China has the highest incidence and mortality rate of HCC in the world, and it is one of the malignant tumors that seriously threaten the health of Chinese people. The onset of liver cancer is occult, the early cases lack typical clinical symptoms, and most of the patients are already in the middle and late stage when diagnosed. Therefore, it is very important to find new markers for the early detection and diagnosis of liver cancer, improve the therapeutic effect, and improve the prognosis of patients. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 (PTPN2) has been shown to be associated with colorectal cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer, but its biological role and function in tumors remain to be further studied.
AIM To combine the results of relevant data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to provide the first in-depth analysis of the biological role of PTPN2 in HCC.
METHODS The expression of PTPN2 in HCC was first analyzed based on the TCGA database, and the findings were then verified by immunohistochemical staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunoblotting. The value of PTPN2 in predicting the survival of patients with HCC was assessed by analyzing the relationship between PTPN2 expression in HCC tissues and clinicopathological features. Finally, the potential of PTPN2 affecting immune escape of liver cancer was evaluated by tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion and immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS The results of immunohistochemical staining, qRT-PCR, and immunoblotting in combination with TCGA database analysis showed that PTPN2 was highly expressed and associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that PTPN2 was associated with various pathways, including cancer-related pathways, the Notch signaling pathway, and the MAPK signaling pathway. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that PTPN2 was highly expressed in various immune-related pathways, such as the epithelial mesenchymal transition process. A risk model score based on PTPN2 showed that immune escape was significantly enhanced in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group.
CONCLUSION This study investigated PTPN2 from multiple biological perspectives, revealing that PTPN2 can function as a biomarker of poor prognosis and mediate immune evasion in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi-Ming Jing
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming-Yue Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong-Hong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zi-Shu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fang Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
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4
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Bester SM, Linwood R, Kataoka R, Wu WI, Mou TC. Enhancing the apo protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 crystal soaking strategy through inhibitor-accessible binding sites. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2024; 80:210-219. [PMID: 39177701 PMCID: PMC11376276 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x24007866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) has recently been recognized as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Despite extensive structural and functional studies of other protein tyrosine phosphatases, there is limited structural understanding of PTPN2. Currently, there are only five published PTPN2 structures and none are truly unbound due to the presence of a mutation, an inhibitor or a loop (related to crystal packing) in the active site. In this report, a novel crystal packing is revealed that resulted in a true apo PTPN2 crystal structure with an unbound active site, allowing the active site to be observed in a native apo state for the first time. Key residues related to accommodation in the active site became identifiable upon comparison with previously published PTPN2 structures. Structures of PTPN2 in complex with an established PTPN1 active-site inhibitor and an allosteric inhibitor were achieved through soaking experiments using these apo PTPN2 crystals. The increased structural understanding of apo PTPN2 and the ability to soak in inhibitors will aid the development of future PTPN2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Linwood
- Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Ryoko Kataoka
- Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Wen I Wu
- Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Tung Chung Mou
- Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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Dong J, Jassim BA, Milholland KL, Qu Z, Bai Y, Miao Y, Miao J, Ma Y, Lin J, Hall MC, Zhang ZY. Development of Novel Phosphonodifluoromethyl-Containing Phosphotyrosine Mimetics and a First-In-Class, Potent, Selective, and Bioavailable Inhibitor of Human CDC14 Phosphatases. J Med Chem 2024; 67:8817-8835. [PMID: 38768084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Together with protein tyrosine kinases, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) control protein tyrosine phosphorylation and regulate numerous cellular functions. Dysregulated PTP activity is associated with the onset of multiple human diseases. Nevertheless, understanding of the physiological function and disease biology of most PTPs remains limited, largely due to the lack of PTP-specific chemical probes. In this study, starting from a well-known nonhydrolyzable phosphotyrosine (pTyr) mimetic, phosphonodifluoromethyl phenylalanine (F2Pmp), we synthesized 7 novel phosphonodifluoromethyl-containing bicyclic/tricyclic aryl derivatives with improved cell permeability and potency toward various PTPs. Furthermore, with fragment- and structure-based design strategies, we advanced compound 9 to compound 15, a first-in-class, potent, selective, and bioavailable inhibitor of human CDC14A and B phosphatases. This study demonstrates the applicability of the fragment-based design strategy in creating potent, selective, and bioavailable PTP inhibitors and provides a valuable probe for interrogating the biological roles of hCDC14 phosphatases and assessing their potential for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Dong
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brenson A Jassim
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kedric L Milholland
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yiming Miao
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuan Ma
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jianping Lin
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mark C Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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6
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Delibegović M, Dall'Angelo S, Dekeryte R. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B in metabolic diseases and drug development. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:366-378. [PMID: 38519567 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a non-transmembrane phosphatase, has a major role in a variety of signalling pathways, including direct negative regulation of classic insulin and leptin signalling pathways, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiometabolic diseases and cancers. As such, PTP1B has been a therapeutic target for over two decades, with PTP1B inhibitors identified either from natural sources or developed throughout the years. Some of these inhibitors have reached phase I and/or II clinical trials in humans for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and/or metastatic breast cancer. In this Review, we summarize the cellular processes and regulation of PTP1B, discuss evidence from in vivo preclinical and human studies of the association between PTP1B and different disorders, and discuss outcomes of clinical trials. We outline challenges associated with the targeting of this phosphatase (which was, until the past few years, viewed as difficult to target), the current state of the field of PTP1B inhibitors (and dual phosphatase inhibitors) and future directions for manipulating the activity of this key metabolic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruta Dekeryte
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
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7
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Perez-Quintero LA, Abidin BM, Tremblay ML. Immunotherapeutic implications of negative regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cells: the emerging cases of PTP1B and TCPTP. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364778. [PMID: 38707187 PMCID: PMC11066278 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of inflammation, T cell activation occurs by the concerted signals of the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors ligation, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment. Fine-tuning these signals is crucial to maintain T cell homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity while offering protection against infectious diseases and cancer. Recent developments in understanding the complex crosstalk between the molecular events controlling T cell activation and the balancing regulatory cues offer novel approaches for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Among the complex regulatory processes, the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) controls the transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T cell function, fate decision, and activation. In those, PTPs are de facto regulators of signaling in T cells acting for the most part as negative regulators of the canonical TCR pathway, costimulatory molecules such as CD28, and cytokine signaling. In this review, we examine the function of two close PTP homologs, PTP1B (PTPN1) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP; PTPN2), which have been recently identified as promising candidates for novel T-cell immunotherapeutic approaches. Herein, we focus on recent studies that examine the known contributions of these PTPs to T-cell development, homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated immunity. Additionally, we describe the signaling networks that underscored the ability of TCPTP and PTP1B, either individually and notably in combination, to attenuate TCR and JAK/STAT signals affecting T cell responses. Thus, we anticipate that uncovering the role of these two PTPs in T-cell biology may lead to new treatment strategies in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This review concludes by exploring the impacts and risks that pharmacological inhibition of these PTP enzymes offers as a therapeutic approach in T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Perez-Quintero
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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McBride DA, Wang JS, Johnson WT, Bottini N, Shah NJ. ABCD of IA: A multi-scale agent-based model of T cell activation in inflammatory arthritis. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2041-2056. [PMID: 38349277 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterial-based agents have been demonstrated to regulate the function of immune cells in models of autoimmunity. However, the complexity of the kinetics of immune cell activation can present a challenge in optimizing the dose and frequency of administration. Here, we report a model of autoreactive T cell activation, which are key drivers in autoimmune inflammatory joint disease. The model is termed a multi-scale Agent-Based, Cell-Driven model of Inflammatory Arthritis (ABCD of IA). Using kinetic rate equations and statistical theory, ABCD of IA simulated the activation and presentation of autoantigens by dendritic cells, interactions with cognate T cells and subsequent T cell proliferation in the lymph node and IA-affected joints. The results, validated with in vivo data from the T cell driven SKG mouse model, showed that T cell proliferation strongly correlated with the T cell receptor (TCR) affinity distribution (TCR-ad), with a clear transition state from homeostasis to an inflammatory state. T cell proliferation was strongly dependent on the amount of antigen in antigenic stimulus event (ASE) at low concentrations. On the other hand, inflammation driven by Th17-inducing cytokine mediated T cell phenotype commitment was influenced by the initial level of Th17-inducing cytokines independent of the amount of arthritogenic antigen. The introduction of inhibitory artificial antigen presenting cells (iaAPCs), which locally suppress T cell activation, reduced T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The findings in this work set up a framework based on theory and modeling to simulate personalized therapeutic strategies in IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A McBride
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - James S Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wade T Johnson
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Kao Autoimmunity Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Nisarg J Shah
- Department of NanoEngineering and Chemical Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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9
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Miao J, Zhang ZY. Drugging Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases through Targeted Protein Degradation. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300669. [PMID: 38233347 PMCID: PMC11021144 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are an important class of enzymes that regulate protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels of a large variety of proteins in cells. Anomalies in protein tyrosine phosphorylation have been associated with the development of numerous human diseases, leading to a heightened interest in PTPs as promising targets for drug development. However, therapeutic targeting of PTPs has faced skepticism about their druggability. Besides the conventional small molecule inhibitors, proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology offers an alternative approach to target PTPs. PROTAC molecules utilize the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade specific proteins and have unique advantages compared with inhibitors: 1) PROTACs are highly efficient and can work at much lower concentrations than that expected based on their biophysical binding affinity; 2) PROTACs may achieve higher selectivity for the targeted protein than that dictated by their binding affinity alone; and 3) PROTACs may engage any region of the target protein in addition to the functional site. This review focuses on the latest advancement in the development of targeted PTP degraders and deliberates on the obstacles and prospective paths of harnessing this technology for therapeutic targeting of the PTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Miao
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 201 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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10
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Li W, Zhuang Y, Shao SJ, Trivedi P, Zheng B, Huang GL, He Z, Zhang X. Essential contribution of the JAK/STAT pathway to carcinogenesis, lytic infection of herpesviruses and pathogenesis of COVID‑19 (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:39. [PMID: 38240082 PMCID: PMC10828999 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular pathway of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and modification of nucleosome histone marks regulate the expression of proinflammatory mediators, playing an essential role in carcinogenesis, antiviral immunity and the interaction of host proteins with Herpesviral particles. The pathway has also been suggested to play a vital role in the clinical course of the acute infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2; known as coronavirus infection‑2019), a novel human coronavirus initially identified in the central Chinese city Wuhan towards the end of 2019, which evolved into a pandemic affecting nearly two million people worldwide. The infection mainly manifests as fever, cough, myalgia and pulmonary involvement, while it also attacks multiple viscera, such as the liver. The pathogenesis is characterized by a cytokine storm, with an overproduction of proinflammatory mediators. Innate and adaptive host immunity against the viral pathogen is exerted by various effectors and is regulated by different signaling pathways notably the JAK/STAT. The elucidation of the underlying mechanism of the regulation of mediating factors expressed in the viral infection would assist diagnosis and antiviral targeting therapy, which will help overcome the infection caused by SARS‑CoV‑2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
- Chinese-American Tumor Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yunjing Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Song-Jun Shao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Pankaj Trivedi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00158, Italy
| | - Biying Zheng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Liang Huang
- Chinese-American Tumor Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
- Chinese-American Tumor Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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11
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Salmond RJ. Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases to Improve Cancer Immunotherapies. Cells 2024; 13:231. [PMID: 38334623 PMCID: PMC10854786 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in immunotherapy have brought significant therapeutic benefits to many cancer patients. Nonetheless, many cancer types are refractory to current immunotherapeutic approaches, meaning that further targets are required to increase the number of patients who benefit from these technologies. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have long been recognised to play a vital role in the regulation of cancer cell biology and the immune response. In this review, we summarize the evidence for both the pro-tumorigenic and tumour-suppressor function of non-receptor PTPs in cancer cells and discuss recent data showing that several of these enzymes act as intracellular immune checkpoints that suppress effective tumour immunity. We highlight new data showing that the deletion of inhibitory PTPs is a rational approach to improve the outcomes of adoptive T cell-based cancer immunotherapies and describe recent progress in the development of PTP inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Salmond
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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12
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Chen X, Lv Z, Yang Y, Yang R, Shan G, Zhu L. Screening Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Blood Based on Nontarget Analysis and Underestimated Potential Health Risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:150-159. [PMID: 38153813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget analysis has gained prominence in screening novel perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the environment, yet remaining limited in human biological matrices. In this study, 155 whole blood samples were collected from the general population in Shijiazhuang City, China. By nontarget analysis, 31 legacy and novel PFASs were assigned with the confidence level of 3 or above. For the first time, 11 PFASs were identified in human blood, including C1 and C3 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), C4 ether PFSA, C8 ether perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (ether PFCA), C4-5 unsaturated perfluoroalkyl alcohols, C9-10 carboxylic acid-perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (CA-PFSMs), and C1 perfluoroalkyl sulfonamide. It is surprising that the targeted PFASs were the highest in the suburban population which was impacted by industrial emission, while the novel PFASs identified by nontarget analysis, such as C1 PFSA and C9-11 CA-PFSMs, were the highest in the rural population who often drank contaminated groundwater. Combining the toxicity prediction results of the bioaccumulation potential, lethality to rats, and binding affinity to target proteins, C3 PFSA, C4 and C7 ether PFSAs, and C9-11 CA-PFSMs exhibit great health risks. These findings emphasize the necessity of broadening nontarget analysis in assessing the PFAS exposure risks, particularly in rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rongyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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13
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Poirier A, Ormonde JVS, Aubry I, Abidin BM, Feng CH, Martinez-Cordova Z, Hincapie AM, Wu C, Pérez-Quintero LA, Wang CL, Gingras AC, Madrenas J, Tremblay ML. The induction of SHP-1 degradation by TAOK3 ensures the responsiveness of T cells to TCR stimulation. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg4422. [PMID: 38166031 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Thousand-and-one-amino acid kinase 3 (TAOK3) is a serine and threonine kinase that belongs to the STE-20 family of kinases. Its absence reduces T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and increases the interaction of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, a major negative regulator of proximal TCR signaling, with the kinase LCK, a component of the core TCR signaling complex. Here, we used mouse models and human cell lines to investigate the mechanism by which TAOK3 limits the interaction of SHP-1 with LCK. The loss of TAOK3 decreased the survival of naïve CD4+ T cells by dampening the transmission of tonic and ligand-dependent TCR signaling. In mouse T cells, Taok3 promoted the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in response to TCR activation in a manner that depended on Taok3 gene dosage and on Taok3 kinase activity. TCR desensitization in Taok3-/- T cells was caused by an increased abundance of Shp-1, and pharmacological inhibition of Shp-1 rescued the activation potential of these T cells. TAOK3 phosphorylated threonine-394 in the phosphatase domain of SHP-1, which promoted its ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. The loss of TAOK3 had no effect on the abundance of SHP-2, which lacks a residue corresponding to SHP-1 threonine-394. Modulation of SHP-1 abundance by TAOK3 thus serves as a rheostat for TCR signaling and determines the activation threshold of T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poirier
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - João Vitor Silva Ormonde
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Center for Research in Energy and Materials (LNBio - CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Aubry
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 Québec, Canada
| | - Chu-Han Feng
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zuzet Martinez-Cordova
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ana Maria Hincapie
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chenyue Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Chia-Lin Wang
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 660 1st Ave, Fl 5, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Anne Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joaquín Madrenas
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 40095, USA
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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14
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Wilson NS, Huntington ND. Small molecule. Big biology. Dual phosphatase inhibitor enters the immunotherapy fray. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:8-11. [PMID: 37982351 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent and clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors Ipilimumab, Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab has had a seismic impact on our drug discovery focus and rationale. Novel extrinsic targets that enhance immune responses to cancer are actively being pursued, while tumor intrinsic targets that render cancer cells more sensitive to the immune system have joined traditional intrinsic targets (e.g. directly cytotoxic) in the drug discovery pipeline. The phosphatase PTPN2 (TC-PTP) and its paralog PTPN1 (PTP-1B) are negative regulators of several cytokine signaling pathways and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. In a recent publication, Baumgartner et al. demonstrate the pre-clinical efficacy of a first-in-class dual PTPN1/N2 active site inhibitor (ABBV-CLS-484/AC484) in cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Wilson
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Cancer Immunology and Cell Therapy Thematic Research Centre, Redwood City, CL, USA
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15
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Duchniewicz M, Lee JYW, Menon DK, Needham EJ. Candidate Genetic and Molecular Drivers of Dysregulated Adaptive Immune Responses After Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:3-12. [PMID: 37376743 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Neuroinflammation is a significant and modifiable cause of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), driven by both central and peripheral immune responses. A substantial proportion of outcome after TBI is genetically mediated, with an estimated heritability effect of around 26%, but because of the comparatively small datasets currently available, the individual drivers of this genetic effect have not been well delineated. A hypothesis-driven approach to analyzing genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets reduces the burden of multiplicity testing and allows variants with a high prior biological probability of effect to be identified where sample size is insufficient to withstand data-driven approaches. Adaptive immune responses show substantial genetically mediated heterogeneity and are well established as a genetic source of risk for numerous disease states; importantly, HLA class II has been specifically identified as a locus of interest in the largest TBI GWAS study to date, highlighting the importance of genetic variance in adaptive immune responses after TBI. In this review article we identify and discuss adaptive immune system genes that are known to confer strong risk effects for human disease, with the dual intentions of drawing attention to this area of immunobiology, which, despite its importance to the field, remains under-investigated in TBI and presenting high-yield testable hypotheses for application to TBI GWAS datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Duchniewicz
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Y W Lee
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J Needham
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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16
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Qu Z, Dong J, Zhang ZY. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as emerging targets for cancer immunotherapy. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16304. [PMID: 38116815 PMCID: PMC11186978 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary strategies in cancer immunotherapy, despite remarkable success, remain constrained by inherent limitations such as suboptimal patient responses, the emergence of drug resistance, and the manifestation of pronounced adverse effects. Consequently, the need for alternative strategies for immunotherapy becomes clear. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) wield a pivotal regulatory influence over an array of essential cellular processes. Substantial research has underscored the potential in targeting PTPs to modulate the immune responses and/or regulate antigen presentation, thereby presenting a novel paradigm for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in genetic and biological validation of several PTPs as emerging targets for immunotherapy. We also highlight recent development of small molecule inhibitors and degraders targeting these PTPs as novel cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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17
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Hu L, Li H, Qin J, Yang D, Liu J, Luo X, Ma J, Luo C, Ye F, Zhou Y, Li J, Wang M. Discovery of PVD-06 as a Subtype-Selective and Efficient PTPN2 Degrader. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15269-15287. [PMID: 37966047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor Type 2 (PTPN2) is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. PTPN2 and another subtype of PTP1B are highly similar in structure, but their biological functions are distinct. Therefore, subtype-selective targeting of PTPN2 remains a challenge for researchers. Herein, the development of small molecular PTPN2 degraders based on a thiadiazolidinone dioxide-naphthalene scaffold and a VHL E3 ligase ligand is described, and the PTPN2/PTP1B subtype-selective degradation is achieved for the first time. The linker structure modifications led to the discovery of the subtype-selective PTPN2 degrader PVD-06 (PTPN2/PTP1B selective index > 60-fold), which also exhibits excellent proteome-wide degradation selectivity. PVD-06 induces PTPN2 degradation in a ubiquitination- and proteasome-dependent manner. It efficiently promotes T cell activation and amplifies IFN-γ-mediated B16F10 cell growth inhibition. This study provides a convenient chemical knockdown tool for PTPN2-related research and a paradigm for subtype-selective PTP degradation through nonspecific substrate-mimicking ligands, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of PTPN2 subtype-selective degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Hu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Huiyun Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou China
| | - Junlin Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieming Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
| | | | - Cheng Luo
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
| | - Jia Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, No.1023, South Shatai Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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18
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Miao J, Dong J, Miao Y, Bai Y, Qu Z, Jassim BA, Huang B, Nguyen Q, Ma Y, Murray AA, Li J, Low PS, Zhang ZY. Discovery of a selective TC-PTP degrader for cancer immunotherapy. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12606-12614. [PMID: 38020389 PMCID: PMC10646932 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), encoded by PTPN2, has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. TC-PTP deletion in B16 melanoma cells promotes tumor cell antigen presentation, while loss of TC-PTP in T-cells enhances T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling and stimulates cell proliferation and activation. Therefore, there is keen interest in developing TC-PTP inhibitors as novel immunotherapeutic agents. Through rational design and systematic screening, we discovered the first highly potent and selective TC-PTP PROTAC degrader, TP1L, which induces degradation of TC-PTP in multiple cell lines with low nanomolar DC50s and >110-fold selectivity over the closely related PTP1B. TP1L elevates the phosphorylation level of TC-PTP substrates including pSTAT1 and pJAK1, while pJAK2, the substrate of PTP1B, is unaffected by the TC-PTP degrader. TP1L also intensifies interferon gamma (IFN-γ) signaling and increases MHC-I expression. In Jurkat cells, TP1L activates TCR signaling through increased phosphorylation of LCK. Furthermore, in a CAR-T cell and KB tumor cell co-culture model, TP1L enhances CAR-T cell mediated tumor killing efficacy through activation of the CAR-T cells. Thus, we surmise that TP1L not only provides a unique opportunity for in-depth interrogation of TC-PTP biology but also serves as an excellent starting point for the development of novel immunotherapeutic agents targeting TC-PTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yiming Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Brenson A Jassim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Allison A Murray
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jinyue Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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19
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Acencio ML, Ostaszewski M, Mazein A, Rosenstiel P, Aden K, Mishra N, Andersen V, Sidiropoulos P, Banos A, Filia A, Rahmouni S, Finckh A, Gu W, Schneider R, Satagopam V. The SYSCID map: a graphical and computational resource of molecular mechanisms across rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257321. [PMID: 38022524 PMCID: PMC10646502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases (CIDs), including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are thought to emerge from an impaired complex network of inter- and intracellular biochemical interactions among several proteins and small chemical compounds under strong influence of genetic and environmental factors. CIDs are characterised by shared and disease-specific processes, which is reflected by partially overlapping genetic risk maps and pathogenic cells (e.g., T cells). Their pathogenesis involves a plethora of intracellular pathways. The translation of the research findings on CIDs molecular mechanisms into effective treatments is challenging and may explain the low remission rates despite modern targeted therapies. Modelling CID-related causal interactions as networks allows us to tackle the complexity at a systems level and improve our understanding of the interplay of key pathways. Here we report the construction, description, and initial applications of the SYSCID map (https://syscid.elixir-luxembourg.org/), a mechanistic causal interaction network covering the molecular crosstalk between IBD, RA and SLE. We demonstrate that the map serves as an interactive, graphical review of IBD, RA and SLE molecular mechanisms, and helps to understand the complexity of omics data. Examples of such application are illustrated using transcriptome data from time-series gene expression profiles following anti-TNF treatment and data from genome-wide associations studies that enable us to suggest potential effects to altered pathways and propose possible mechanistic biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Luis Acencio
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Neha Mishra
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vibeke Andersen
- Diagnostics and Clinical Research Unit, Institute of Regional Health Research, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Prodromos Sidiropoulos
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology (IMBB-FORTH), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aggelos Banos
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anastasia Filia
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Laboratory, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens and Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Unit of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Axel Finckh
- Rheumatology Division, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research (GCIR), University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wei Gu
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Venkata Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- ELIXIR Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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20
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Baumgartner CK, Ebrahimi-Nik H, Iracheta-Vellve A, Hamel KM, Olander KE, Davis TGR, McGuire KA, Halvorsen GT, Avila OI, Patel CH, Kim SY, Kammula AV, Muscato AJ, Halliwill K, Geda P, Klinge KL, Xiong Z, Duggan R, Mu L, Yeary MD, Patti JC, Balon TM, Mathew R, Backus C, Kennedy DE, Chen A, Longenecker K, Klahn JT, Hrusch CL, Krishnan N, Hutchins CW, Dunning JP, Bulic M, Tiwari P, Colvin KJ, Chuong CL, Kohnle IC, Rees MG, Boghossian A, Ronan M, Roth JA, Wu MJ, Suermondt JSMT, Knudsen NH, Cheruiyot CK, Sen DR, Griffin GK, Golub TR, El-Bardeesy N, Decker JH, Yang Y, Guffroy M, Fossey S, Trusk P, Sun IM, Liu Y, Qiu W, Sun Q, Paddock MN, Farney EP, Matulenko MA, Beauregard C, Frost JM, Yates KB, Kym PR, Manguso RT. The PTPN2/PTPN1 inhibitor ABBV-CLS-484 unleashes potent anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2023; 622:850-862. [PMID: 37794185 PMCID: PMC10599993 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade is effective for some patients with cancer, but most are refractory to current immunotherapies and new approaches are needed to overcome resistance1,2. The protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPN2 and PTPN1 are central regulators of inflammation, and their genetic deletion in either tumour cells or immune cells promotes anti-tumour immunity3-6. However, phosphatases are challenging drug targets; in particular, the active site has been considered undruggable. Here we present the discovery and characterization of ABBV-CLS-484 (AC484), a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, potent PTPN2 and PTPN1 active-site inhibitor. AC484 treatment in vitro amplifies the response to interferon and promotes the activation and function of several immune cell subsets. In mouse models of cancer resistant to PD-1 blockade, AC484 monotherapy generates potent anti-tumour immunity. We show that AC484 inflames the tumour microenvironment and promotes natural killer cell and CD8+ T cell function by enhancing JAK-STAT signalling and reducing T cell dysfunction. Inhibitors of PTPN2 and PTPN1 offer a promising new strategy for cancer immunotherapy and are currently being evaluated in patients with advanced solid tumours (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04777994 ). More broadly, our study shows that small-molecule inhibitors of key intracellular immune regulators can achieve efficacy comparable to or exceeding that of antibody-based immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical models. Finally, to our knowledge, AC484 represents the first active-site phosphatase inhibitor to enter clinical evaluation for cancer immunotherapy and may pave the way for additional therapeutics that target this important class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hakimeh Ebrahimi-Nik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Pfizer, Groton, CT, USA
| | | | - Kira E Olander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas G R Davis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Omar I Avila
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sarah Y Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashwin V Kammula
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Audrey J Muscato
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Prasanthi Geda
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, USA
| | | | - Zhaoming Xiong
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
- Ipsen Biosciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Mitchell D Yeary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James C Patti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler M Balon
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Navasona Krishnan
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
- Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Payal Tiwari
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayla J Colvin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cun Lan Chuong
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian C Kohnle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Melissa Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Meng-Ju Wu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliette S M T Suermondt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nelson H Knudsen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Collins K Cheruiyot
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Debattama R Sen
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel K Griffin
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nabeel El-Bardeesy
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yi Yang
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Im-Meng Sun
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- AbbVie, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Clay Beauregard
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Kathleen B Yates
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Robert T Manguso
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Liang S, Tran E, Du X, Dong J, Sudholz H, Chen H, Qu Z, Huntington ND, Babon JJ, Kershaw NJ, Zhang ZY, Baell JB, Wiede F, Tiganis T. A small molecule inhibitor of PTP1B and PTPN2 enhances T cell anti-tumor immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4524. [PMID: 37500611 PMCID: PMC10374545 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and N2 (PTPN2) has emerged as an exciting approach for bolstering T cell anti-tumor immunity. ABBV-CLS-484 is a PTP1B/PTPN2 inhibitor in clinical trials for solid tumors. Here we have explored the therapeutic potential of a related small-molecule-inhibitor, Compound-182. We demonstrate that Compound-182 is a highly potent and selective active site competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and PTPN2 that enhances T cell recruitment and activation and represses the growth of tumors in mice, without promoting overt immune-related toxicities. The enhanced anti-tumor immunity in immunogenic tumors can be ascribed to the inhibition of PTP1B/PTPN2 in T cells, whereas in cold tumors, Compound-182 elicited direct effects on both tumor cells and T cells. Importantly, treatment with Compound-182 rendered otherwise resistant tumors sensitive to α-PD-1 therapy. Our findings establish the potential for small molecule inhibitors of PTP1B and PTPN2 to enhance anti-tumor immunity and combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Eric Tran
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harrison Sudholz
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Hao Chen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Lyterian Therapeutics, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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22
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Liang S, Tran E, Du X, Dong J, Sudholz H, Chen H, Qu Z, Huntington N, Babon J, Kershaw N, Zhang ZY, Baell J, Wiede F, Tiganis T. A small molecule inhibitor of PTP1B and PTPN2 enhances T cell anti-tumor immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545220. [PMID: 37397992 PMCID: PMC10312756 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), such as PTP1B and PTPN2 that function as intracellular checkpoints, has emerged as an exciting new approach for bolstering T cell anti-tumor immunity to combat cancer. ABBV-CLS-484 is a dual PTP1B and PTPN2 inhibitor currently in clinical trials for solid tumors. Here we have explored the therapeutic potential of targeting PTP1B and PTPN2 with a related small molecule inhibitor, Compound 182. We demonstrate that Compound 182 is a highly potent and selective active site competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and PTPN2 that enhances antigen-induced T cell activation and expansion ex vivo and represses the growth of syngeneic tumors in C57BL/6 mice without promoting overt immune-related toxicities. Compound 182 repressed the growth of immunogenic MC38 colorectal and AT3-OVA mammary tumors as well as immunologically cold AT3 mammary tumors that are largely devoid of T cells. Treatment with Compound 182 increased both the infiltration and activation of T cells, as well as the recruitment of NK cells and B cells that promote anti-tumor immunity. The enhanced anti-tumor immunity in immunogenic AT3-OVA tumors could be ascribed largely to the inhibition of PTP1B/PTPN2 in T cells, whereas in cold AT3 tumors, Compound 182 elicited both direct effects on tumor cells and T cells to facilitate T cell recruitment and thereon activation. Importantly, treatment with Compound 182 rendered otherwise resistant AT3 tumors sensitive to anti-PD1 therapy. Our findings establish the potential for small molecule active site inhibitors of PTP1B and PTPN2 to enhance anti-tumor immunity and combat cancer.
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23
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De George DJ, Ge T, Krishnamurthy B, Kay TWH, Thomas HE. Inflammation versus regulation: how interferon-gamma contributes to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1205590. [PMID: 37293126 PMCID: PMC10244651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1205590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with onset from early childhood. The insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. The disease is challenging to study mechanistically in humans because it is not possible to biopsy the pancreatic islets and the disease is most active prior to the time of clinical diagnosis. The NOD mouse model, with many similarities to, but also some significant differences from human diabetes, provides an opportunity, in a single in-bred genotype, to explore pathogenic mechanisms in molecular detail. The pleiotropic cytokine IFN-γ is believed to contribute to pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Evidence of IFN-γ signaling in the islets, including activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and upregulation of MHC class I, are hallmarks of the disease. IFN-γ has a proinflammatory role that is important for homing of autoreactive T cells into islets and direct recognition of beta cells by CD8+ T cells. We recently showed that IFN-γ also controls proliferation of autoreactive T cells. Therefore, inhibition of IFN-γ does not prevent type 1 diabetes and is unlikely to be a good therapeutic target. In this manuscript we review the contrasting roles of IFN-γ in driving inflammation and regulating the number of antigen specific CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes. We also discuss the potential to use JAK inhibitors as therapy for type 1 diabetes, to inhibit both cytokine-mediated inflammation and proliferation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. De George
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Ge
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Balasubramaniam Krishnamurthy
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas W. H. Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E. Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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24
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Dong J, Miao J, Miao Y, Qu Z, Zhang S, Zhu P, Wiede F, Jassim BA, Bai Y, Nguyen Q, Lin J, Chen L, Tiganis T, Tao WA, Zhang ZY. Small Molecule Degraders of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase for Cancer Immunotherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303818. [PMID: 36973833 PMCID: PMC10196813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) play non-redundant negative regulatory roles in T-cell activation, tumor antigen presentation, insulin and leptin signaling, and are potential targets for several therapeutic applications. Here, we report the development of a highly potent and selective small molecule degrader DU-14 for both PTP1B and TC-PTP. DU-14 mediated PTP1B and TC-PTP degradation requires both target protein(s) and VHL E3 ligase engagement and is also ubiquitination- and proteasome-dependent. DU-14 enhances IFN-γ induced JAK1/2-STAT1 pathway activation and promotes MHC-I expression in tumor cells. DU-14 also activates CD8+ T-cells and augments STAT1 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Importantly, DU-14 induces PTP1B and TC-PTP degradation in vivo and suppresses MC38 syngeneic tumor growth. The results indicate that DU-14, as the first PTP1B and TC-PTP dual degrader, merits further development for treating cancer and other indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yiming Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Peipei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Brenson A. Jassim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Quyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jianping Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - W. Andy Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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25
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Laletin V, Bernard PL, Costa da Silva C, Guittard G, Nunes JA. Negative intracellular regulators of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling as potential antitumor immunotherapy targets. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005845. [PMID: 37217244 PMCID: PMC10231026 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies aim to mobilize immune defenses against tumor cells by targeting mainly T cells. Co-inhibitory receptors or immune checkpoints (ICPs) (such as PD-1 and CTLA4) can limit T cell receptor (TCR) signal propagation in T cells. Antibody-based blocking of immune checkpoints (immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs) enable escape from ICP inhibition of TCR signaling. ICI therapies have significantly impacted the prognosis and survival of patients with cancer. However, many patients remain refractory to these treatments. Thus, alternative approaches for cancer immunotherapy are needed. In addition to membrane-associated inhibitory molecules, a growing number of intracellular molecules may also serve to downregulate signaling cascades triggered by TCR engagement. These molecules are known as intracellular immune checkpoints (iICPs). Blocking the expression or the activity of these intracellular negative signaling molecules is a novel field of action to boost T cell-mediated antitumor responses. This area is rapidly expanding. Indeed, more than 30 different potential iICPs have been identified. Over the past 5 years, several phase I/II clinical trials targeting iICPs in T cells have been registered. In this study, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical data demonstrating that immunotherapies targeting T cell iICPs can mediate regression of solid tumors including (membrane associated) immune-checkpoint inhibitor refractory cancers. Finally, we discuss how these iICPs are targeted and controlled. Thereby, iICP inhibition is a promising strategy opening new avenues for future cancer immunotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Laletin
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Bernard
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Cathy Costa da Silva
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Geoffrey Guittard
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunes
- Immunity and Cancer, Cancer Research Centre Marseille, Marseille, France
- Onco-hematology and immuno-oncology (OHIO), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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26
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Gao X, Wu Y, Chick JM, Abbott A, Jiang B, Wang DJ, Comte-Walters S, Johnson RH, Oberholtzer N, Nishimura MI, Gygi SP, Mehta A, Guttridge DC, Ball L, Mehrotra S, Sicinski P, Yu XZ, Wang H. Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatases for CDK6-induced immunotherapy resistance. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112314. [PMID: 37000627 PMCID: PMC10544673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy and developing strategies to improve its efficacy are challenging goals. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrates that high CDK6 expression in melanoma is associated with poor progression-free survival of patients receiving single-agent immunotherapy. Depletion of CDK6 or cyclin D3 (but not of CDK4, cyclin D1, or D2) in cells of the tumor microenvironment inhibits tumor growth. CDK6 depletion reshapes the tumor immune microenvironment, and the host anti-tumor effect depends on cyclin D3/CDK6-expressing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. This occurs by CDK6 phosphorylating and increasing the activities of PTP1B and T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), which, in turn, decreases tyrosine phosphorylation of CD3ζ, reducing the signal transduction for T cell activation. Administration of a PTP1B and TCPTP inhibitor prove more efficacious than using a CDK6 degrader in enhancing T cell-mediated immunotherapy. Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) might be an effective strategy for cancer patients who resist immunotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joel M Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrea Abbott
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Baishan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J Wang
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Susana Comte-Walters
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger H Johnson
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nathaniel Oberholtzer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anand Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lauren Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Zhang M, Xiong Y, Tu J, Tang B, Zhang Z, Yu J, Shen L, Luo Q, Ye J. Hypoxia disrupts the nasal epithelial barrier by inhibiting PTPN2 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110054. [PMID: 36963262 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is involved in inflammation and immune response; however, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxia disrupts the nasal epithelial barrier in CRSwNP. METHODS The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), and tight junction (TJ) components (claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1) was detected in nasal polyps using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), BEAS-2B cells, and an eosinophilic CRSwNP (Eos CRSwNP) mouse model were used to explore the potential mechanisms by which hypoxia disrupts the nasal epithelial barrier. RESULTS HIF-1α expression in the non-Eos and Eos CRSwNP groups was higher than in the control group, and the expression of PTPN2 and TJs in the non-Eos and Eos CRSwNP groups were lower than those in the control group. Hypoxia decreased the expression of PTPN2 and TJs and increased epithelial cell permeability in HNECs, which was blocked by the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478. PTPN2 overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced downregulation of TJ expression in BEAS-2B cells, whereas PTPN2-knockdown aggravated the effects of hypoxia. In the Eos CRSwNP mouse model, both PX-478 and PTPN2 overexpression reduced the formation of nasal polypoid lesions, permeability of the nasal epithelium, and restored TJ expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α downregulates TJ expression by inhibiting PTPN2, thereby disrupting the nasal epithelial barrier and promoting CRSwNP development. HIF-1α and PTPN2 may be potential targets for the treatment of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yishan Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Junhao Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Binxiang Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jieqing Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Jiangxi Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Jiangxi Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Spalinger MR, Canale V, Becerra A, Shawki A, Crawford M, Santos AN, Chatterjee P, Li J, Nair MG, McCole DF. PTPN2 regulates bacterial clearance in a mouse model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:156909. [PMID: 36810248 PMCID: PMC9977497 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages intimately interact with intestinal epithelial cells, but the consequences of defective macrophage-epithelial cell interactions for protection against enteric pathogens are poorly understood. Here, we show that in mice with a deletion in protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) in macrophages, infection with Citrobacter rodentium, a model of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection in humans, promoted a strong type 1/IL-22-driven immune response, culminating in accelerated disease but also faster clearance of the pathogen. In contrast, deletion of PTPN2 specifically in epithelial cells rendered the epithelium unable to upregulate antimicrobial peptides and consequently resulted in a failure to eliminate the infection. The ability of PTPN2-deficient macrophages to induce faster recovery from C. rodentium was dependent on macrophage-intrinsic IL-22 production, which was highly increased in macrophages deficient in PTPN2. Our findings demonstrate the importance of macrophage-mediated factors, and especially macrophage-derived IL-22, for the induction of protective immune responses in the intestinal epithelium, and show that normal PTPN2 expression in the epithelium is crucial to allow for protection against enterohemorrhagic E. coli and other intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA.,Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Du Z, Huang J, Cheng Y, Yi W, Li T, Yang J, Chen C. Comprehensive analysis of PTPN family expression and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Genet 2023; 13:1087938. [PMID: 36699453 PMCID: PMC9868563 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1087938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tyrosyl phosphorylation is carried out by a group of enzymes known as non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPNs). In the current investigation, it is hoped to shed light on the relationships between the expression patterns of PTPN family members and the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: PTPN expression was examined using GEPIA and GEO databases. To investigate the connection between PTPN expression and survival in AML patients, we downloaded data from the Broad TCGA Firehose and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis (CPTAC) of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to confirm that essential genes were performed in clinical samples and cell lines. We then used western blot to verify that the genes expressed in the above databases were positive in normal tissues, AML patient samples, and AML cell lines. Next, we investigated associations between genome-wide expression profiles and PTPN6 expression using the GEO datasets. We investigated the interactive exploration of multidimensional cancer genomics using the cBioPortal datasets. Using the DAVID database, a study of gene ontology enrichment was performed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the STRING portal, and the gene-gene interaction network was performed using GeneMANIA. Results: Data from GEO and GEPIA revealed that most PTPN family members were linked to AML. Patients with leukemia have elevated levels of several PTPN members. All of the AML patients' poor overall survival (OS, p < .05) was significantly linked with higher expression of PTPN1, PTPN6, and PTPN7. Additionally, clinical samples showed that the expression of PTPN 6, PTPN 7, PTPN 13, and PTPN 14 was higher than normal in AML patients (p = .0116, p = .0034, p = .0092, and p = .0057, respectively) and AML cell lines (p = .0004, p = .0035, p = .0357, and p = .0177, respectively). Western blotting results showed that the expression of PTPN6 in AML samples and AML cell lines was significantly higher than that in normal control samples. Conclusion: Differentially expressed PTPN family members were found in AML. The prognosis of patients and PTPN gene expression were shown to be correlated. PTPN6 is one of these members and may be used as an AML diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zefan Du
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yucai Cheng
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenfang Yi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianwen Li
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Tang X, Sui X, Liu Y. Immune checkpoint PTPN2 predicts prognosis and immunotherapy response in human cancers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12873. [PMID: 36685446 PMCID: PMC9852697 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PTPN2, a member of the non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases family, holds a crucial role in tumorigenesis and cancer immunotherapy. However, most studies on the role of PTPN2 in cancer are limited to specific cancer types. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PTPN2 in human cancers and its function in the tumor microenvironment. Methods To shed light on this matter, we investigated the expression level, prognostic value, genomic alterations, molecular function, immune function, and immunotherapeutic predictive ability of PTPN2 in human cancers using the TCGA, GTEx, CGGA, GEO, cBioPortal, STRING, TISCH, TIMER2.0, ESTIMATE, and TIDE databases. Furthermore, the CCK-8 assay was utilized to detect the effect of PTPN2 on cell proliferation. Cell immunofluorescence analysis was performed to probe the cellular localization of PTPN2. Western blot was applied to examine the molecular targets downstream of PTPN2. Finally, a Nomogram model was constructed using the TCGA-LGG cohort and evaluated with calibration curves and time-dependent ROCs. Results PTPN2 was highly expressed in most cancers and was linked to poor prognosis in ACC, GBM, LGG, KICH, and PAAD, while the opposite was true in OV, SKCM, and THYM. PTPN2 knockdown promoted the proliferation of melanoma cells, while significantly inhibiting proliferation in colon cancer and glioblastoma cells. In addition, TC-PTP, encoded by the PTPN2 gene, was primarily localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm and could negatively regulate the JAK/STAT and MEK/ERK pathways. Strikingly, PTPN2 knockdown significantly enhanced the abundance of PD-L1. PTPN2 was abundantly expressed in Mono/Macro cells and positively correlated with multiple immune infiltrating cells, especially CD8+ T cells. Notably, DLBC, LAML, OV, and TGCT patients in the PTPN2-high group responded better to immunotherapy, while the opposite was true in ESCA, KIRC, KIRP, LIHC, and THCA. Finally, the construction of a Nomogram model on LGG exhibited a high prediction accuracy. Conclusion Immune checkpoint PTPN2 is a powerful biomarker for predicting prognosis and the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancers. Mechanistically, PTPN2 negatively regulates the JAK/STAT and MEK/ERK pathways and the abundance of PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Xue Sui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China,Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,Corresponding author. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, China.
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Zhu Z, Tang R, Huff S, Kummetha IR, Wang L, Li N, Rana TM. Small-molecule PTPN2 Inhibitors Sensitize Resistant Melanoma to Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:119-129. [PMID: 36968224 PMCID: PMC10035454 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-21-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting T-cell immunoregulatory proteins have revolutionized cancer treatment, they are effective only in a limited number of patients, and new strategies are needed to enhance tumor responses to immunotherapies. Deletion of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (Ptpn2), a regulator of growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways, has been shown to sensitize murine B16F10 melanoma cells to IFNγ and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic utility of small-molecule PTPN2 inhibitors. Ten inhibitors were synthesized on the basis of in silico modeling and structure-based design and functionally tested in vitro and in vivo. We show that the inhibitors had little effect on B16F10 cells alone, but effectively sensitized the tumor cells to IFNγ treatment in vitro and to anti-PD-1 therapy in vivo. Under both conditions, Ptpn2 inhibitor cotreatment suppressed B16F10 cell growth and enhanced Stat1 phosphorylation and expression of IFNγ response genes. In vivo, PTPN2 inhibitor cotreatment significantly reduced melanoma and colorectal tumor growth and enhanced mouse survival compared with anti-PD-1 treatment alone, and this was accompanied by increased tumor infiltration by granzyme B+ CD8+ T cells. Similar results were obtained with representative murine and human colon cancer and lung cancer cell lines. Collectively, these results demonstrate that small-molecule inhibitors of PTPN2 may have clinical utility as sensitizing agents for immunotherapy-resistant cancers. Significance To enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies in resistant or nonresponsive cancers, it is important to develop inhibitors of enzymes that negatively influence the outcome of treatments. We have designed and evaluated small-molecule inhibitors of PTPN2 demonstrating that these compounds may have clinical utility as sensitizing agents for immunotherapy-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouting Zhu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rachel Tang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sarah Huff
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Indrasena Reddy Kummetha
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lingling Wang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Na Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tariq M. Rana
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- San Diego Center for Precision Immunotherapy, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Zhang Z, Shang ZP, Jiang Y, Qu ZX, Yang RY, Zhang J, Lin YX, Zhao F. Selective Inhibition of PTP1B by New Anthraquinone Glycosides from Knoxia valerianoides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2836-2844. [PMID: 36399709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is highly validated as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. However, active site-directed PTP1B inhibitors generally suffer from poor selectivity and bioavailability. Inspired by the identification of a unique anthraquinone-coumarin hybrid from Knoxia valerianoides exhibiting good specificity for PTP1B over the highly homologous T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), further chemical investigation of this plant species led to the isolation of nine new anthraquinone glycosides (1-9) and two known ones (10 and 11). Structures were characterized by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. All compounds showed PTP1B inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 1.05 to 13.74 μM. Compounds 4 and 8 exhibited greater than 64-fold selectivity over TCPTP. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed that compounds 4 and 7 behaved as mixed-type inhibitors. Docking studies predicted similar binding modes of these compounds at the allosteric site positioned between helices α3 and α6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Peng Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Xia Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Yong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Xi Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Prescription Effect and Clinical Evaluation of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
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Stem-Cell-Derived β-Like Cells with a Functional PTPN2 Knockout Display Increased Immunogenicity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233845. [PMID: 36497105 PMCID: PMC9737324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a polygenic disease that results in an autoimmune response directed against insulin-producing beta cells. PTPN2 is a known high-risk type 1 diabetes associated gene expressed in both immune- and pancreatic beta cells, but how genes affect the development of autoimmune diabetes is largely unknown. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate a functional knockout of PTPN2 in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) followed by differentiating stem-cell-derived beta-like cells (sBC) and detailed phenotypical analyses. The differentiation efficiency of PTPN2 knockout (PTPN2 KO) sBC is comparable to wild-type (WT) control sBC. Global transcriptomics and protein assays revealed the increased expression of HLA Class I molecules in PTPN2 KO sBC at a steady state and upon exposure to proinflammatory culture conditions, indicating a potential for the increased immune recognition of human beta cells upon differential PTPN2 expression. sBC co-culture with autoreactive preproinsulin-reactive T cell transductants confirmed increased immune stimulations by PTPN2 KO sBC compared to WT sBC. Taken together, our results suggest that the dysregulation of PTPN2 expression in human beta cell may prime autoimmune T cell reactivity and thereby contribute to the development of type 1 diabetes.
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Macromolecular crowding amplifies allosteric regulation of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102655. [PMID: 36328244 PMCID: PMC9720572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) is a negative regulator of T-cell receptor and oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and implicated in cancer and autoimmune disease. TC-PTP activity is modulated by an intrinsically disordered C-terminal region (IDR) and suppressed in cells under basal conditions. In vitro structural studies have shown that the dynamic reorganization of IDR around the catalytic domain, driven by electrostatic interactions, can lead to TC-PTP activity inhibition; however, the process has not been studied in cells. Here, by assessing a mutant (378KRKRPR383 mutated into 378EAAAPE383, called TC45E/A) with impaired tail-PTP domain interaction, we obtained evidence that the downmodulation of TC-PTP enzymatic activity by the IDR occurs in cells. However, we found that the regulation of TC-PTP by the IDR is only recapitulated in vitro when crowding polymers that mimic the intracellular environment are present in kinetic assays using a physiological phosphopeptide. Our FRET-based assays in vitro and in cells confirmed that the effect of the mutant correlates with an impairment of the intramolecular inhibitory remodeling of TC-PTP by the IDR. This work presents an early example of the allosteric regulation of a protein tyrosine phosphatase being controlled by the cellular environment and provides a framework for future studies and targeting of TC-PTP function.
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Song J, Lan J, Tang J, Luo N. PTPN2 in the Immunity and Tumor Immunotherapy: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710025. [PMID: 36077422 PMCID: PMC9456094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPN2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2), also called TCPTP (T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase), is a member of the PTP family signaling proteins. Phosphotyrosine-based signaling of this non-transmembrane protein is essential for regulating cell growth, development, differentiation, survival, and migration. In particular, PTPN2 received researchers’ attention when Manguso et al. identified PTPN2 as a cancer immunotherapy target using in vivo CRISPR library screening. In this review, we attempt to summarize the important functions of PTPN2 in terms of its structural and functional properties, inflammatory reactions, immunomodulatory properties, and tumor immunity. PTPN2 exerts synergistic anti-inflammatory effects in various inflammatory cells and regulates the developmental differentiation of immune cells. The diversity of PTPN2 effects in different types of tumors makes it a potential target for tumor immunotherapy.
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Tang X, Qi C, Zhou H, Liu Y. Critical roles of PTPN family members regulated by non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972906. [PMID: 35957898 PMCID: PMC9360549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since tyrosine phosphorylation is reversible and dynamic in vivo, the phosphorylation state of proteins is controlled by the opposing roles of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs), both of which perform critical roles in signal transduction. Of these, intracellular non-receptor PTPs (PTPNs), which belong to the largest class I cysteine PTP family, are essential for the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including but not limited to hematopoiesis, inflammatory response, immune system, and glucose homeostasis. Additionally, a substantial amount of PTPNs have been identified to hold crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and inhibitors of PTPNs have promising applications due to striking efficacy in antitumor therapy. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarize the role played by PTPNs, including PTPN1/PTP1B, PTPN2/TC-PTP, PTPN3/PTP-H1, PTPN4/PTPMEG, PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN9/PTPMEG2, PTPN11/SHP-2, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN13/PTPL1, PTPN14/PEZ, PTPN18/PTP-HSCF, PTPN22/LYP, and PTPN23/HD-PTP, in human cancer and immunotherapy and to comprehensively describe the molecular pathways in which they are implicated. Given the specific roles of PTPNs, identifying potential regulators of PTPNs is significant for understanding the mechanisms of antitumor therapy. Consequently, this work also provides a review on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating PTPNs in tumorigenesis and progression, which may help us to find effective therapeutic agents for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chumei Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dazhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
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Gao J, Hu J, Li P, Che K, Wang F, Yan S. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate the imbalance of CD4 + T cells via protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in ameliorating experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats. Endocr J 2022; 69:613-625. [PMID: 35153255 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) and the underlying mechanisms by utilizing a porcine thyroglobulin-induced EAT rat model. The rats received four tail vein injections of vehicle or hUCMSCs at an interval of 7 days and were sacrificed on day 28 after the first injection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to assess the therapeutic effects of hUCMSCs on EAT. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated from rats, and the proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Splenic CD4+ T cells from EAT rats were cocultured with hUCMSCs. A loss-of-function assay for protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) was performed to explore the involvement of PTPN2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling on the therapeutic benefit of hUCMSCs in EAT. hUCMSC treatment significantly alleviated inflammation, reduced serum thyroid antibody levels, and decreased the ratios of IL-17α+/CD25+FOXP3+ cells and serum IFN-γ/IL-4 in EAT rats. Furthermore, hUCMSC treatment upregulated PTPN2 protein expression in splenic lymphocytes of EAT rats as well as enhanced the PTPN2 protein level and attenuated phosphorylation of STAT3 in CD4+ T cells in vitro. Importantly, knockdown of Ptpn2 significantly reversed hUCMSC-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and hUCMSC-induced alterations in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in CD4+ T cells. Thus, hUCMSC treatment alleviates thyroid inflammation and the CD4+ T cell imbalance in EAT via PTPN2/STAT3 signaling, serving as a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui Che
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengli Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Tian H, Xu W, Wen L, Tang L, Zhang X, Song T, Yang C, Huang P. Association of PTPN22 SNP1858 (rs2476601) and Gene SNP1123 (rs2488457) Polymorphism With Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies and Trial Sequential Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:893669. [PMID: 35692826 PMCID: PMC9174638 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.893669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Systematic review of the association of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene 1858 and 1123 sites single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with the susceptibility of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Method: Database searched includes PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data. The retrieval period is from the establishment of the database to 30 June 2021. After screening articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the data were extracted and methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16.0 software. The combined OR value and its 95%CI were calculated. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment were performed. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed using TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software. Results: A total of 10 studies with 10 articles were included, with a total of 932 cases and 2,112 controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that for SNP1858, the susceptibility of TT genotype to ITP was 5.01 times higher than CC genotype [95%CI (1.81, 13.86), p = 0.002]. For SNP1123, G allele carriers were more susceptible to ITP than C allele carriers [OR = 1.23, 95%CI (1.05, 1.45), p = 0.01], and GG genotype carriers were 1.51 times more susceptible to ITP than CC genotype carriers [95%CI (1.11, 2.06), p = 0.009]. Although the results are statistically significant, the results of sensitivity analysis showed certain limitations of stability, and the TSA analysis still indicated the possibility of false positive. No significant publication bias was observed. Conclusion: PTPN22 gene SNP1858 (rs2476601) and SNP1123 (rs2488457) polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to primary immune thrombocytopenia. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Tian
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Weikai Xu
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Lequan Wen
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Lequan Wen, ; Peng Huang,
| | - Lirui Tang
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiangang Song
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Changsen Yang
- Joint Program of Nanchang University and Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Evidence-based Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Lequan Wen, ; Peng Huang,
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Kissler S. Genetic Modifiers of Thymic Selection and Central Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889856. [PMID: 35464420 PMCID: PMC9021641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the T cell-driven autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. T1D served as the prototypical autoimmune disease for genome wide association studies (GWAS) after having already been the subject of many linkage and association studies prior to the development of GWAS technology. Of the many T1D-associated gene variants, a minority appear disease-specific, while most are shared with one or more other autoimmune condition. Shared disease variants suggest defects in fundamental aspects of immune tolerance. The first layer of protective tolerance induction is known as central tolerance and takes place during the thymic selection of T cells. In this article, we will review candidate genes for type 1 diabetes whose function implicates them in central tolerance. We will describe examples of gene variants that modify the function of T cells intrinsically and others that indirectly affect thymic selection. Overall, these insights will show that a significant component of the genetic risk for T1D - and autoimmunity in general - pertains to the earliest stages of tolerance induction, at a time when protective intervention may not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kissler
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, United States,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Stephan Kissler,
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40
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Millrine D, Jenkins RH, Hughes STO, Jones SA. Making sense of IL-6 signalling cues in pathophysiology. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:567-588. [PMID: 34618359 PMCID: PMC9673051 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the molecular mechanisms that account for functional pleiotropy is a major challenge for researchers in cytokine biology. Cytokine-receptor cross-reactivity and shared signalling pathways are considered primary drivers of cytokine pleiotropy. However, reports epitomized by studies of Jak-STAT cytokine signalling identify interesting biochemical and epigenetic determinants of transcription factor regulation that affect the delivery of signal-dependent cytokine responses. Here, a regulatory interplay between STAT transcription factors and their convergence to specific genomic enhancers support the fine-tuning of cytokine responses controlling host immunity, functional identity, and tissue homeostasis and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the signalling networks that shape the way cells sense and interpret cytokine cues. With an emphasis on the biology of interleukin-6, we highlight the importance of these mechanisms to both physiological processes and pathophysiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Millrine
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
- Present address:
Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSir James Black CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee3rd FloorDundeeUK
| | - Robert H. Jenkins
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
| | - Stuart T. O. Hughes
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
| | - Simon A. Jones
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
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Goh PK, Wiede F, Zeissig MN, Britt KL, Liang S, Molloy T, Goode N, Xu R, Loi S, Muller M, Humbert PO, McLean C, Tiganis T. PTPN2 elicits cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous effects on antitumor immunity in triple-negative breast cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3338. [PMID: 35196085 PMCID: PMC8865802 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor PTPN2 is diminished in a subset of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Paradoxically, PTPN2-deficiency in tumors or T cells in mice can facilitate T cell recruitment and/or activation to promote antitumor immunity. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of targeting PTPN2 in tumor cells and T cells. PTPN2-deficiency in TNBC associated with T cell infiltrates and PD-L1 expression, whereas low PTPN2 associated with improved survival. PTPN2 deletion in murine mammary epithelial cells TNBC models, did not promote tumorigenicity but increased STAT-1-dependent T cell recruitment and PD-L1 expression to repress tumor growth and enhance the efficacy of anti-PD-1. Furthermore, the combined deletion of PTPN2 in tumors and T cells facilitated T cell recruitment and activation and further repressed tumor growth or ablated tumors already predominated by exhausted T cells. Thus, PTPN2-targeting in tumors and/or T cells facilitates T cell recruitment and/or alleviates inhibitory constraints on T cells to combat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Kee Goh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Mara N. Zeissig
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Kara L. Britt
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Shuwei Liang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Tim Molloy
- St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Nathan Goode
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Rachel Xu
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Mathias Muller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
- Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Corresponding author.
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42
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Karaca Atabay E, Mecca C, Wang Q, Ambrogio C, Mota I, Prokoph N, Mura G, Martinengo C, Patrucco E, Leonardi G, Hossa J, Pich A, Mologni L, Gambacorti-Passerini C, Brugières L, Geoerger B, Turner SD, Voena C, Cheong TC, Chiarle R. Tyrosine phosphatases regulate resistance to ALK inhibitors in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Blood 2022; 139:717-731. [PMID: 34657149 PMCID: PMC8814675 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) frequently carry oncogenic fusions involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. Targeting ALK using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a therapeutic option in cases relapsed after chemotherapy, but TKI resistance may develop. By applying genomic loss-of-function screens, we identified PTPN1 and PTPN2 phosphatases as consistent top hits driving resistance to ALK TKIs in ALK+ ALCL. Loss of either PTPN1 or PTPN2 induced resistance to ALK TKIs in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PTPN1 and PTPN2 are phosphatases that bind to and regulate ALK phosphorylation and activity. In turn, oncogenic ALK and STAT3 repress PTPN1 transcription. We found that PTPN1 is also a phosphatase for SHP2, a key mediator of oncogenic ALK signaling. Downstream signaling analysis showed that deletion of PTPN1 or PTPN2 induces resistance to crizotinib by hyperactivating SHP2, the MAPK, and JAK/STAT pathways. RNA sequencing of patient samples that developed resistance to ALK TKIs showed downregulation of PTPN1 and PTPN2 associated with upregulation of SHP2 expression. Combination of crizotinib with a SHP2 inhibitor synergistically inhibited the growth of wild-type or PTPN1/PTPN2 knock-out ALCL, where it reverted TKI resistance. Thus, we identified PTPN1 and PTPN2 as ALK phosphatases that control sensitivity to ALK TKIs in ALCL and demonstrated that a combined blockade of SHP2 potentiates the efficacy of ALK inhibition in TKI-sensitive and -resistant ALK+ ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Karaca Atabay
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carmen Mecca
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chiara Ambrogio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ines Mota
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nina Prokoph
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Mura
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Martinengo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Patrucco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Leonardi
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica Hossa
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Achille Pich
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Mologni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Laurence Brugières
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
- Department of Oncology for Children and Adolescents, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8203, Villejuif, France; and
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Claudia Voena
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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43
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Targeting PTPN22 does not enhance the efficacy of CAR T cells in solid tumours. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0044921. [PMID: 35041491 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00449-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has revolutionised the treatment of certain B cell malignancies, but has been in ineffective against solid tumours. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of targeting negative regulators of T cell signalling to enhance the efficacy and extend the utility of CAR T cells to solid tumours. Autoimmunity-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) has been proposed as a target for cancer immunotherapy. Here we have used CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing to generate PTPN22-deficient (Ptpn22Δ/Δ) mice (C57BL/6) and assessed the impact of PTPN22 deficiency on the cytotoxicity and efficacy of CAR T cells in vitro and in vivo. As reported previously, PTPN22 deficiency was accompanied by the promotion of effector T cell responses ex vivo and the repression of syngeneic tumour growth in vivo. However, PTPN22-deficiency did not enhance the cytotoxic activity of murine CAR T cells targeting the extracellular domain of the human oncoprotein HER2 in vitro. Moreover, PTPN22-deficient α-HER2 CAR T cells or ovalbumin-specific OT-I CD8+ T cells adoptively transferred into mice bearing HER2+ mammary tumours or ovalbumin-expressing mammary or colorectal tumours respectively were no more effective than their wild type counterparts in suppressing tumour growth. The deletion of PTPN22 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing also did not affect the cytotoxic activity of human CAR T cells targeting the Lewis Y antigen that is expressed by many human solid tumours. Therefore, PTPN22-deficiency does not enhance the anti-tumour activity of CAR T cells in solid organ malignancies.
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44
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The catalytic activity of TCPTP is auto-regulated by its intrinsically disordered tail and activated by Integrin alpha-1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:94. [PMID: 35013194 PMCID: PMC8748766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (TCPTP, PTPN2) is a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in human cells. TCPTP is a critical component of a variety of key signaling pathways that are directly associated with the formation of cancer and inflammation. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of TCPTP activation and regulation is essential for the development of TCPTP therapeutics. Under basal conditions, TCPTP is largely inactive, although how this is achieved is poorly understood. By combining biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry, we show that the C-terminal intrinsically disordered tail of TCPTP functions as an intramolecular autoinhibitory element that controls the TCPTP catalytic activity. Activation of TCPTP is achieved by cellular competition, i.e., the intrinsically disordered cytosolic tail of Integrin-α1 displaces the TCPTP autoinhibitory tail, allowing for the full activation of TCPTP. This work not only defines the mechanism by which TCPTP is regulated but also reveals that the intrinsically disordered tails of two of the most closely related PTPs (PTP1B and TCPTP) autoregulate the activity of their cognate PTPs via completely different mechanisms.
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45
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Spalinger MR, Crawford M, Bobardt SD, Li J, Sayoc-Becerra A, Santos AN, Shawki A, Chatterjee P, Nair MG, McCole DF. Loss of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 reduces IL-4-driven alternative macrophage activation. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:74-83. [PMID: 34420044 PMCID: PMC8732276 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells that are often divided into two major subsets: classically activated, typically pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages that mediate host defense, and alternatively activated, tolerance-inducing (M2) macrophages that exert homeostatic and tissue-regenerative functions. Disturbed macrophage function/differentiation results either in inadequate, excessive immune activation or in a failure to induce efficient protective immune responses against pathogens. Loss-of-function variants in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) are associated with chronic inflammatory disorders, but the effect of macrophage-intrinsic PTPN2 loss is still poorly understood. Here we report that PTPN2-deficient macrophages fail to acquire an alternatively activated/M2 phenotype. This was the consequence of reduced IL-6 receptor expression and a failure to induce IL-4 receptor in response to IL-6, resulting in an inability to respond to the key M2-inducing cytokine IL-4. Ultimately, failure to adequately respond to IL-6 and IL-4 resulted in increased levels of M1 macrophage marker expression in vitro and exacerbated lung inflammation upon infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in vivo. These results demonstrate that PTPN2 loss interferes with the ability of macrophages to adequately respond to inflammatory stimuli and might explain the increased susceptibility of PTPN2 loss-of-function carriers to developing inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sarah D Bobardt
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Alina N Santos
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Pritha Chatterjee
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Meera G Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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46
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Wiede F, Lu KH, Du X, Zeissig MN, Xu R, Goh PK, Xirouchaki CE, Hogarth SJ, Greatorex S, Sek K, Daly RJ, Beavis PA, Darcy PK, Tonks NK, Tiganis T. PTP1B is an intracellular checkpoint that limits T cell and CAR T cell anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Discov 2021; 12:752-773. [PMID: 34794959 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies aimed at alleviating the inhibitory constraints on Tcells have revolutionised cancer management. To date, these have focused on the blockade of cell surface checkpoints such as PD-1. Herein we identify protein-tyrosine-phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) as an intracellular checkpoint that is upregulated in T cells in tumors. We show that the increased PTP1B limits T cell expansion and cytotoxicity to contribute to tumor growth. T cell-specific PTP1B deletion increased STAT-5 signaling and this enhanced the antigen-induced expansion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells to suppress tumor growth. The pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B recapitulated the T cell-mediated repression of tumor growth and enhanced the response to PD-1 blockade. Furthermore, the deletion or inhibition of PTP1B enhanced the efficacy of adoptively-transferred chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR) T cells against solid tumors. Our findings identify PTP1B as an intracellular checkpoint whose inhibition can alleviate the inhibitory constraints on T cells and CAR T cells to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiede
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | - Kun-Hui Lu
- Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | - Xin Du
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | | | | | - Pei Kee Goh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Sek
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Research Centre
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Research Centre
| | | | | | - Tony Tiganis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
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47
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Katkeviciute E, Hering L, Montalban-Arques A, Busenhart P, Schwarzfischer M, Manzini R, Conde J, Atrott K, Lang S, Rogler G, Naschberger E, Schellerer VS, Stürzl M, Rickenbacher A, Turina M, Weber A, Leibl S, Leventhal GE, Levesque M, Boyman O, Scharl M, Spalinger MR. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 controls colorectal cancer development. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140281. [PMID: 33001862 DOI: 10.1172/jci140281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) recently emerged as a promising cancer immunotherapy target. We set out to investigate the functional role of PTPN2 in the pathogenesis of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC), as its role in immune-silent solid tumors is poorly understood. We demonstrate that in human CRC, increased PTPN2 expression and activity correlated with disease progression and decreased immune responses in tumor tissues. In particular, stage II and III tumors displayed enhanced PTPN2 protein expression in tumor-infiltrating T cells, and increased PTPN2 levels negatively correlated with expression of PD-1, CTLA4, STAT1, and granzyme A. In vivo, T cell- and DC-specific PTPN2 deletion reduced tumor burden in several CRC models by promoting CD44+ effector/memory T cells, as well as CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in the tumor. In direct relevance to CRC treatment, T cell-specific PTPN2 deletion potentiated anti-PD-1 efficacy and induced antitumor memory formation upon tumor rechallenge in vivo. Our data suggest a role for PTPN2 in suppressing antitumor immunity and promoting tumor development in patients with CRC. Our in vivo results identify PTPN2 as a key player in controlling the immunogenicity of CRC, with the strong potential to be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egle Katkeviciute
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Larissa Hering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | | | - Philipp Busenhart
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | | | - Roberto Manzini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Javier Conde
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Kirstin Atrott
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Silvia Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Vera S Schellerer
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Leibl
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel E Leventhal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, and.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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48
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Sweat YY, Turner JR. PTPN2 mutations cause epithelium-intrinsic barrier loss that synergizes with mucosal immune hyperactivation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151414. [PMID: 34623321 PMCID: PMC8409575 DOI: 10.1172/jci151414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is clear that excessive mucosal immune activation and intestinal barrier dysfunction both contribute to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), which extinguishes signaling in immune cells, is linked to IBD and other immune-mediated diseases. In this issue of the JCI, Marchelletta and Krishnan et al. demonstrate that, in intestinal epithelial cells, TCPTP regulates tight junction permeability in vivo. Intestinal epithelial TCPTP loss potentiated cytokine-induced barrier loss, and this synergized with effects of TCPTP loss in immune cells. This work implicates a single mutation as the cause of distinct functional aberrations in diverse cell types and demonstrates how one genetic defect can drive multihit disease pathogenesis.
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49
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Marchelletta RR, Krishnan M, Spalinger MR, Placone TW, Alvarez R, Sayoc-Becerra A, Canale V, Shawki A, Park YS, Bernts LH, Myers S, Tremblay ML, Barrett KE, Krystofiak E, Kachar B, McGovern DP, Weber CR, Hanson EM, Eckmann L, McCole DF. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase protects intestinal barrier function by restricting epithelial tight junction remodeling. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:138230. [PMID: 34623320 DOI: 10.1172/jci138230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies revealed that loss-of-function mutations in protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) increase the risk of developing chronic immune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease. These conditions are associated with increased intestinal permeability as an early etiological event. The aim of this study was to examine the consequences of deficient activity of the PTPN2 gene product, T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), on intestinal barrier function and tight junction organization in vivo and in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that TCPTP protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by the inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ by 2 mechanisms: it maintained localization of zonula occludens 1 and occludin at apical tight junctions and restricted both expression and insertion of the cation pore-forming transmembrane protein, claudin-2, at tight junctions through upregulation of the inhibitory cysteine protease, matriptase. We also confirmed that the loss-of-function PTPN2 rs1893217 SNP was associated with increased intestinal claudin-2 expression in patients with IBD. Moreover, elevated claudin-2 levels and paracellular electrolyte flux in TCPTP-deficient intestinal epithelial cells were normalized by recombinant matriptase. Our findings uncover distinct and critical roles for epithelial TCPTP in preserving intestinal barrier integrity, thereby proposing a mechanism by which PTPN2 mutations contribute to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Marchelletta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Moorthy Krishnan
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Marianne R Spalinger
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Taylaur W Placone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Rocio Alvarez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Anica Sayoc-Becerra
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Vinicius Canale
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ali Shawki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Young Su Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lucas Hp Bernts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Stephen Myers
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Evan Krystofiak
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bechara Kachar
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dermot Pb McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Elaine M Hanson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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50
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Park CH. Making Potent CAR T Cells Using Genetic Engineering and Synergistic Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133236. [PMID: 34209505 PMCID: PMC8269169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are emerging as powerful weapons for the treatment of malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells have shown dramatic clinical results in patients with hematological malignancies. However, it is still challenging for CAR T cell therapy to be successful in several types of blood cancer and most solid tumors. Many attempts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy by modifying the CAR construct using combination agents, such as compounds, antibodies, or radiation. At present, technology to improve CAR T cell therapy is rapidly developing. In this review, we particularly emphasize the most recent studies utilizing genetic engineering and synergistic agents to improve CAR T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hoon Park
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon 34114, Korea; ; Tel.: +82-42-860-7416; Fax: +82-42-861-4246
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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