1
|
Dorry S, Perla S, Bennett AM. MAPK Phosphatase-5 is required for TGF-β signaling through a JNK-dependent pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.600976. [PMID: 38979264 PMCID: PMC11230413 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.600976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) constitute members of the dual-specificity family of protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate the MAPKs. MKP-5 dephosphorylates the stress-responsive MAPKs, p38 MAPK and JNK, and has been shown to promote tissue fibrosis. Here, we provide insight into how MKP-5 regulates the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway, a well-established driver of fibrosis. We show that MKP-5-deficient fibroblasts in response to TGF-β are impaired in SMAD2 phosphorylation at canonical and non-canonical sites, nuclear translocation, and transcriptional activation of fibrogenic genes. Consistent with this, pharmacological inhibition of MKP-5 is sufficient to block TGF-β signaling, and that this regulation occurs through a JNK-dependent pathway. By utilizing RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis, we identify TGF-β signaling activators regulated by MKP-5 in a JNK-dependent manner, providing mechanistic insight into how MKP-5 promotes TGF-β signaling. This study elucidates a novel mechanism whereby MKP-5-mediated JNK inactivation is required for TGF-β signaling and provides insight into the role of MKP-5 in fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Dorry
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anton M. Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao S, Cao J, Sun Y, Zhou H, Zhu Q, Dai D, Zhan S, Guo J, Zhong T, Wang L, Li L, Zhang H. METTL3 Promotes the Differentiation of Goat Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Regulating MEF2C mRNA Stability in a m 6A-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14115. [PMID: 37762418 PMCID: PMC10531580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of mammalian skeletal muscle is a highly complex process involving multiple molecular interactions. As a prevalent RNA modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulates the expression of target genes to affect mammalian development. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how m6A participates in the development of goat muscle. In this study, methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) was significantly enriched in goat longissimus dorsi (LD) tissue. In addition, the global m6A modification level and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) were regulated by METTL3. By performing mRNA-seq analysis, 8050 candidate genes exhibited significant changes in expression level after the knockdown of METTL3 in MuSCs. Additionally, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) illustrated that myocyte enhancer factor 2c (MEF2C) mRNA contained m6A modification. Further experiments demonstrated that METTL3 enhanced the differentiation of MuSCs by upregulating m6A levels and expression of MEF2C. Moreover, the m6A reader YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein C1 (YTHDC1) was bound and stabilized to MEF2C mRNA. The present study reveals that METTL3 enhances myogenic differentiation in MuSCs by regulating MEF2C and provides evidence of a post-transcriptional mechanism in the development of goat skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Yanjin Sun
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Helin Zhou
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dinghui Dai
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Siyuan Zhan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (S.Z.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Z.); (Q.Z.); (D.D.); (S.Z.); (J.G.); (T.Z.); (L.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim MJ, Sinam IS, Siddique Z, Jeon JH, Lee IK. The Link between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcopenia: An Update Focusing on the Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:153-163. [PMID: 36635027 PMCID: PMC10040620 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, is typified by mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of mitochondrial resilience. Sarcopenia is associated not only with aging, but also with various metabolic diseases characterized by mitochondrial dyshomeostasis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are mitochondrial enzymes that inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which controls pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the subsequent adenosine triphosphate production required for normal cellular activities. PDK4 is upregulated in mitochondrial dysfunction-related metabolic diseases, especially pathologic muscle conditions associated with enhanced muscle proteolysis and aberrant myogenesis. Increases in PDK4 are associated with perturbation of mitochondria-associated membranes and mitochondrial quality control, which are emerging as a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease-associated muscle atrophy. Here, we review how mitochondrial dysfunction affects sarcopenia, focusing on the role of PDK4 in mitochondrial homeostasis. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PDK4 on mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia and show that targeting mitochondria could be a therapeutic target for treating sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ibotombi Singh Sinam
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Zerwa Siddique
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Corresponding author: In-Kyu Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7269 Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130 Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Phosphatases and kinases maintain an equilibrium of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated proteins, respectively, that are required for critical cellular functions. Imbalance in this equilibrium or irregularity in their function causes unfavorable cellular effects that have been implicated in the development of numerous diseases. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) catalyze the dephosphorylation of protein substrates on tyrosine residues, and their involvement in cell signaling and diseases such as cancer and inflammatory and metabolic diseases has made them attractive therapeutic targets. However, PTPs have proved challenging in therapeutics development, garnering them the unfavorable reputation of being undruggable. Nonetheless, great strides have been made toward the inhibition of PTPs over the past decade. Here, we discuss the advancement in small-molecule inhibition for the PTP subfamily known as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs). We review strategies and inhibitor discovery tools that have proven successful for small-molecule inhibition of the MKPs and discuss what the future of MKP inhibition potentially might yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanelle R Shillingford
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gannam ZTK, Jamali H, Kweon OS, Herrington J, Shillingford SR, Papini C, Gentzel E, Lolis E, Bennett AM, Ellman JA, Anderson KS. Defining the structure-activity relationship for a novel class of allosteric MKP5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114712. [PMID: 36116232 PMCID: PMC9830533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 5 (MKP5) is responsible for regulating the activity of the stress-responsive MAPKs and has been put forth as a potential therapeutic target for a number of diseases, including dystrophic muscle disease a fatal rare disease which has neither a treatment nor cure. In previous work, we identified Compound 1 (3,3-dimethyl-1-((9-(methylthio)-5,6-dihydrothieno[3,4-h]quinazolin-2-yl)thio)butan-2-one) as the lead compound of a novel class of MKP5 inhibitors. In this work, we explore the structure-activity relationship for inhibition of MKP5 through modifications to the scaffold and functional groups present in 1. A series of derivative compounds was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for inhibition of MKP5. In addition, the X-ray crystal structures of six enzyme-inhibitor complexes were solved, further elucidating the necessary requirements for MKP5 inhibition. We found that the parallel-displaced π-π interaction between the inhibitor three-ring core and Tyr435 is critical for modulating potency, and that modifications to the core and functionalization at the C-9 position are essential for ensuring proper positioning of the core for this interaction. These results lay the foundation from which more potent MKP5 allosteric inhibitors can be developed for potential therapeutics towards the treatment of dystrophic muscle disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zira T K Gannam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Haya Jamali
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Oh Sang Kweon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - James Herrington
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Christina Papini
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Erik Gentzel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Elias Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Angiotensin II Induces Cardiac Edema and Hypertrophic Remodeling through Lymphatic-Dependent Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5044046. [PMID: 35222798 PMCID: PMC8881141 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5044046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac lymphatic vessel growth (lymphangiogenesis) and integrity play an essential role in maintaining tissue fluid balance. Inhibition of lymphatic lymphangiogenesis is involved in cardiac edema and cardiac remodeling after ischemic injury or pressure overload. However, whether lymphatic vessel integrity is disrupted during angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced cardiac remodeling remains to be investigated. In this study, cardiac remodeling models were established by Ang II (1000 ng/kg/min) in VEGFR-3 knockdown (Lyve-1Cre VEGFR-3f/−) and wild-type (VEGFR-3f/f) littermates. Our results indicated that Ang II infusion not only induced cardiac lymphangiogenesis and upregulation of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression in the time-dependent manner but also enhanced proteasome activity, MKP5 and VE-cadherin degradation, p38 MAPK activation, and lymphatic vessel hyperpermeability. Moreover, VEGFR-3 knockdown significantly inhibited cardiac lymphangiogenesis in mice, resulting in exacerbation of tissue edema, hypertrophy, fibrosis superoxide production, inflammation, and heart failure (HF). Conversely, administration of epoxomicin (a selective proteasome inhibitor) markedly mitigated Ang II-induced cardiac edema, remodeling, and dysfunction; upregulated MKP5 and VE-cadherin expression; inactivated p38 MAPK; and reduced lymphatic vessel hyperpermeability in WT mice, indicating that inhibition of proteasome activity is required to maintain lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) integrity. Our results show that both cardiac lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic barrier hyperpermeability are implicated in Ang II-induced adaptive hypertrophic remodeling and dysfunction. Proteasome-mediated hyperpermeability of LEC junctions plays a predominant role in the development of cardiac remodeling. Selective stimulation of lymphangiogenesis or inhibition of proteasome activity may be a potential therapeutic option for treating hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong C, Min K, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Gao E, Huang Y, Zhang X, Baldini M, Roy R, Yang X, Koch WJ, Bennett AM, Yu J. MAP Kinase Phosphatase-5 Deficiency Protects Against Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790511. [PMID: 34992607 PMCID: PMC8724134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis, a pathological condition due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in the myocardium, is associated with nearly all forms of heart disease. The processes and mechanisms that regulate cardiac fibrosis are not fully understood. In response to cardiac injury, macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes and act as crucial regulators of myocardial fibrotic remodeling. Here we show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-5 (MKP-5) in macrophages is involved in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. Cardiac pressure overload resulting from transverse aortic constriction (TAC) leads to the upregulation of Mkp-5 gene expression in the heart. In mice lacking MKP-5, p38 MAPK and JNK were hyperactivated in the heart, and TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis were attenuated. MKP-5 deficiency upregulated the expression of the ECM-degrading matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9) in the Ly6Clow (M2-type) cardiac macrophage subset. Consistent with in vivo findings, MKP-5 deficiency promoted MMP-9 expression and activity of pro-fibrotic macrophages in response to IL-4 stimulation. Furthermore, using pharmacological inhibitors against p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK, we demonstrated that MKP-5 suppresses MMP-9 expression through a combined effect of p38 MAPK/JNK/ERK, which subsequently contributes to the inhibition of ECM-degrading activity. Taken together, our study indicates that pressure overload induces MKP-5 expression and facilitates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. MKP-5 deficiency attenuates cardiac fibrosis through MAPK-mediated regulation of MMP-9 expression in Ly6Clow cardiac macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Kisuk Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erhe Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Margaret Baldini
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rajika Roy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anton M. Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Functional interrogation and therapeutic targeting of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1723-1734. [PMID: 34431504 DOI: 10.1042/bst20201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) counteract the enzymatic activity of protein tyrosine kinases to modulate levels of both normal and disease-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Aberrant activity of PTPs has been linked to the progression of many disease states, yet no PTP inhibitors are currently clinically available. PTPs are without a doubt a difficult drug target. Despite this, many selective, potent, and bioavailable PTP inhibitors have been described, suggesting PTPs should once again be looked at as viable therapeutic targets. Herein, we summarize recently discovered PTP inhibitors and their use in the functional interrogation of PTPs in disease states. In addition, an overview of the therapeutic targeting of PTPs is described using SHP2 as a representative target.
Collapse
|
9
|
The PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-Organic Osmolytes Pathway in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: From Essential Player in Osmotic Homeostasis, Inflammation and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration to Therapeutic Target. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040350. [PMID: 33808305 PMCID: PMC8066813 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the absence of dystrophin from the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) causes muscle membrane instability, which leads to myofiber necrosis, hampered regeneration, and chronic inflammation. The resulting disabled DAPC-associated cellular pathways have been described both at the molecular and the therapeutical level, with the Toll-like receptor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway (NF-ƘB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, and the transforming growth factor-β pathways receiving the most attention. In this review, we specifically focus on the protein kinase A/ mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5/organic osmolytes (PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-organic osmolytes) pathway. This pathway plays an important role in osmotic homeostasis essential to normal cell physiology via its regulation of the influx/efflux of organic osmolytes. Besides, NFAT5 plays an essential role in cell survival under hyperosmolar conditions, in skeletal muscle regeneration, and in tissue inflammation, closely interacting with the master regulator of inflammation NF-ƘB. We describe the involvement of the PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-organic osmolytes pathway in DMD pathophysiology and provide a clear overview of which therapeutic molecules could be of potential benefit to DMD patients. We conclude that modulation of the PKA-p38MAPK-NFAT5-organic osmolytes pathway could be developed as supportive treatment for DMD in conjunction with genetic therapy.
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng Y, Yue F, Chen J, Xia W, Huang K, Yang G, Kuang S. Phosphatase orphan 1 inhibits myoblast proliferation and promotes myogenic differentiation. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21154. [PMID: 33140469 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001672r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myogenesis includes sequential stages of progenitor cell proliferation, myogenic commitment and differentiation, myocyte fusion, and myotube maturation. Different stages of myogenesis are orchestrated and regulated by myogenic regulatory factors and various downstream cellular signaling. Here we identify phosphatase orphan 1 (Phospho1) as a new player in myogenesis. During activation, proliferation, and differentiation of quiescent satellite cells, the expression of Phospho1 gradually increases. Overexpression of Phospho1 inhibits myoblast proliferation but promotes their differentiation and fusion. Conversely, knockdown of Phospho1 accelerates myoblast proliferation but impairs myotube formation. Moreover, knockdown of Phospho1 decreases the OXPHO protein levels and mitochondria density, whereas overexpression of Phospho1 upregulates OXPHO protein levels and promotes mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Finally, we show that Phospho1 expression is controlled by myogenin, which binds to the promoter of Phospho1 to regulate its transcription. These results indicate a key role of Phospho1 in regulating myogenic differentiation and mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jingjuan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuilong Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu MH, Lin CY, Hou CY, Sheu MT, Chang H. Micronized sacchachitin promotes satellite cell proliferation through TAK1-JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway predominantly by TLR2 activation. Chin Med 2020; 15:100. [PMID: 33514380 PMCID: PMC7510329 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ganoderma sp., such as Ganoderma tsugae (GT), play an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. Ganoderma sp. contains several constituents, including Sacacchin, which has recently drawn attention because it can not only enhance the repair of muscle damage but also strengthen the muscle enforcement. Although Ganoderma sp. have a therapeutic effect for neuromuscular disorders, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect and underlying molecular mechanism of micronized sacchachitin (mSC) on satellite cells (SCs), which are known as the muscle stem cells. METHODS The myogenic cells, included SCs (Pax7+) were isolated from tibialis anterior muscles of a healthy rat and were cultured in growth media with different mSC concentrations. For the evaluation of SC proliferation, these cultivated cells were immunostained with Pax7 and bromodeoxyuridine assessed simultaneously. The molecular signal pathway was further investigated by using Western blotting and signal pathway inhibitors. RESULTS Our data revealed that 200 µg/mL mSC had an optimal capability to significantly enhance the SC proliferation. Furthermore, this enhancement of SC proliferation was verified to be involved with activation of TAK1-JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway through TLR2, whose expression on SC surface was confirmed for the first time here. CONCLUSION Micronized sacchachitin extracted from GT was capable of promoting the proliferation of SC under a correct concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Huang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yu Lin
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chun-Yin Hou
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Zhongxiao Branch, No. 87 Tongde Rd., Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gannam ZTK, Min K, Shillingford SR, Zhang L, Herrington J, Abriola L, Gareiss PC, Pantouris G, Tzouvelekis A, Kaminski N, Zhang X, Yu J, Jamali H, Ellman JA, Lolis E, Anderson KS, Bennett AM. An allosteric site on MKP5 reveals a strategy for small-molecule inhibition. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaba3043. [PMID: 32843541 PMCID: PMC7569488 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) have been considered "undruggable," but their position as regulators of the MAPKs makes them promising therapeutic targets. MKP5 has been suggested as a potential target for the treatment of dystrophic muscle disease. Here, we identified an inhibitor of MKP5 using a p38α MAPK-derived, phosphopeptide-based small-molecule screen. We solved the structure of MKP5 in complex with this inhibitor, which revealed a previously undescribed allosteric binding pocket. Binding of the inhibitor to this pocket collapsed the MKP5 active site and was predicted to limit MAPK binding. Treatment with the inhibitor recapitulated the phenotype of MKP5 deficiency, resulting in activation of p38 MAPK and JNK. We demonstrated that MKP5 was required for TGF-β1 signaling in muscle and that the inhibitor blocked TGF-β1-mediated Smad2 phosphorylation. TGF-β1 pathway antagonism has been proposed for the treatment of dystrophic muscle disease. Thus, allosteric inhibition of MKP5 represents a therapeutic strategy against dystrophic muscle disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zira T K Gannam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kisuk Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shanelle R Shillingford
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James Herrington
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Laura Abriola
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Peter C Gareiss
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Georgios Pantouris
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Physiology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Haya Jamali
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Elias Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Karen S Anderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The ties that bind: functional clusters in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:22. [PMID: 32727611 PMCID: PMC7389686 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are a genetically pleiomorphic class of inherited muscle diseases that are known to share phenotypic features. Selected LGMD genetic subtypes have been studied extensively in affected humans and various animal models. In some cases, these investigations have led to human clinical trials of potential disease-modifying therapies, including gene replacement strategies for individual subtypes using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. The cellular localizations of most proteins associated with LGMD have been determined. However, the functions of these proteins are less uniformly characterized, thus limiting our knowledge of potential common disease mechanisms across subtype boundaries. Correspondingly, broad therapeutic strategies that could each target multiple LGMD subtypes remain less developed. We believe that three major "functional clusters" of subcellular activities relevant to LGMD merit further investigation. The best known of these is the glycosylation modifications associated with the dystroglycan complex. The other two, mechanical signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been studied less systematically but are just as promising with respect to the identification of significant mechanistic subgroups of LGMD. A deeper understanding of these disease pathways could yield a new generation of precision therapies that would each be expected to treat a broader range of LGMD patients than a single subtype, thus expanding the scope of the molecular medicines that may be developed for this complex array of muscular dystrophies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Straughn AR, Hindi SM, Xiong G, Kumar A. Canonical NF-κB signaling regulates satellite stem cell homeostasis and function during regenerative myogenesis. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:53-66. [PMID: 30239789 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration in adults is attributed to the presence of satellite stem cells that proliferate, differentiate, and eventually fuse with injured myofibers. However, the signaling mechanisms that regulate satellite cell homeostasis and function remain less understood. While IKKβ-mediated canonical NF-κB signaling has been implicated in the regulation of myogenesis and skeletal muscle mass, its role in the regulation of satellite cell function during muscle regeneration has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that canonical NF-κB signaling is induced in skeletal muscle upon injury. Satellite cell-specific inducible ablation of IKKβ attenuates skeletal muscle regeneration in adult mice. Targeted ablation of IKKβ also reduces the number of satellite cells in injured skeletal muscle of adult mice, potentially through inhibiting their proliferation and survival. We also demonstrate that the inhibition of specific components of the canonical NF-κB pathway causes precocious differentiation of cultured satellite cells both ex vivo and in vitro. Finally, our results highlight that the constitutive activation of canonical NF-κB signaling in satellite cells also attenuates skeletal muscle regeneration following injury in adult mice. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the proper regulation of canonical NF-κB signaling is important for the regeneration of adult skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex R Straughn
- Departments of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Departments of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Guangyan Xiong
- Departments of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Departments of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chande S, Caballero D, Ho BB, Fetene J, Serna J, Pesta D, Nasiri A, Jurczak M, Chavkin NW, Hernando N, Giachelli CM, Wagner CA, Zeiss C, Shulman GI, Bergwitz C. Slc20a1/Pit1 and Slc20a2/Pit2 are essential for normal skeletal myofiber function and survival. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3069. [PMID: 32080237 PMCID: PMC7033257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Low blood phosphate (Pi) reduces muscle function in hypophosphatemic disorders. Which Pi transporters are required and whether hormonal changes due to hypophosphatemia contribute to muscle function is unknown. To address these questions we generated a series of conditional knockout mice lacking one or both house-keeping Pi transporters Pit1 and Pit2 in skeletal muscle (sm), using the postnatally expressed human skeletal actin-cre. Simultaneous conditional deletion of both transporters caused skeletal muscle atrophy, resulting in death by postnatal day P13. smPit1-/-, smPit2-/- and three allele mutants are fertile and have normal body weights, suggesting a high degree of redundance for the two transporters in skeletal muscle. However, these mice show a gene-dose dependent reduction in running activity also seen in another hypophosphatemic model (Hyp mice). In contrast to Hyp mice, grip strength is preserved. Further evaluation of the mechanism shows reduced ERK1/2 activation and stimulation of AMP kinase in skeletal muscle from smPit1-/-; smPit2-/- mice consistent with energy-stress. Similarly, C2C12 myoblasts show a reduced oxygen consumption rate mediated by Pi transport-dependent and ERK1/2-dependent metabolic Pi sensing pathways. In conclusion, we here show that Pit1 and Pit2 are essential for normal myofiber function and survival, insights which may improve management of hypophosphatemic myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Chande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Caballero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bryan B Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Fetene
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Juan Serna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Department of Cellular&Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- German Diabetes Center, Düsseldorf, Germany, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ali Nasiri
- Department of Cellular&Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Jurczak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nati Hernando
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Box 355061, Foege Hall Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carsten A Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland and National Center of Competence in Research NCCR Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Zeiss
- Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Cellular&Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pim1 kinase positively regulates myoblast behaviors and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 31601787 PMCID: PMC6787030 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle regeneration after injury depends on normal myoblast function. However, the intrinsic mechanisms for the control of myoblast behaviors are not well defined. Herein, we identified Pim1 kinase as a novel positive regulator of myoblast behaviors in vitro and muscle regeneration in vivo. Specifically, knockdown of Pim1 significantly restrains the proliferation and accelerates the apoptosis of myoblasts in vitro, indicating that Pim1 is critical for myoblast survival and amplification. Meanwhile, we found that Pim1 kinase is increased and translocated from cytoplasm into nucleus during myogenic differentiation. By using Pim1 kinase inhibitor, we proved that inhibition of Pim1 activity prevents myoblast differentiation and fusion, suggesting the necessity of Pim1 kinase activity for proper myogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Pim1 kinase interacts with myogenic regulator MyoD and controls its transcriptional activity, inducing the expression of muscle-specific genes, which consequently promotes myogenic differentiation. Additionally, in skeletal muscle injury mouse model, deletion of Pim1 hinders the regeneration of muscle fibers and the recovery of muscle strength. Taken together, our study provides a potential target for the manipulation of myoblast behaviors in vitro and the myoblast-based therapeutics of skeletal muscle injury.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xylourgidis N, Min K, Ahangari F, Yu G, Herazo-Maya JD, Karampitsakos T, Aidinis V, Binzenhöfer L, Bouros D, Bennett AM, Kaminski N, Tzouvelekis A. Role of dual-specificity protein phosphatase DUSP10/MKP-5 in pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L678-L689. [PMID: 31483681 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00264.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase 5 (MKP-5) is a member of the dual-specificity family of protein tyrosine phosphatases that negatively regulates p38 MAPK and the JNK. MKP-5-deficient mice exhibit improved muscle repair and reduced fibrosis in an animal model of muscular dystrophy. Here, we asked whether the effects of MKP-5 on muscle fibrosis extend to other tissues. Using a bleomycin-induced model of pulmonary fibrosis, we found that MKP-5-deficient mice were protected from the development of lung fibrosis, expressed reduced levels of hydroxyproline and fibrogenic genes, and displayed marked polarization towards an M1-macrophage phenotype. We showed that the profibrogenic effects of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were inhibited in MKP-5-deficient lung fibroblasts. MKP-5-deficient fibroblasts exhibited enhanced p38 MAPK activity, impaired Smad3 phosphorylation, increased Smad7 levels, and decreased expression of fibrogenic genes. Myofibroblast differentiation was attenuated in MKP-5-deficient fibroblasts. Finally, we found that MKP-5 expression was increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-derived lung fibroblasts but not in whole IPF lungs. These data suggest that MKP-5 plays an essential role in promoting lung fibrosis. Our results couple MKP-5 with the TGF-β1 signaling machinery and imply that MKP-5 inhibition may serve as a therapeutic target for human lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Xylourgidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kisuk Min
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Farida Ahangari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guoying Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Athens, Greece
| | - Leonhard Binzenhöfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- First Academic Department of Pneumonology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fajardo VA, Watson CJF, Bott KN, Moradi F, Maddalena LA, Bellissimo CA, Turner KD, Peters SJ, LeBlanc PJ, MacNeil AJ, Stuart JA, Tupling AR. Neurogranin is expressed in mammalian skeletal muscle and inhibits calcineurin signaling and myoblast fusion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C1025-C1033. [PMID: 31433693 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00345.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphatase that plays a critical role in promoting the slow fiber phenotype and myoblast fusion in skeletal muscle, thereby making calcineurin an attractive cellular target for enhancing fatigue resistance, muscle metabolism, and muscle repair. Neurogranin (Ng) is a CaM-binding protein thought to be expressed solely in brain and neurons, where it inhibits calcineurin signaling by sequestering CaM, thus lowering its cellular availability. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the expression of Ng protein and mRNA in mammalian skeletal muscle. Both protein and mRNA levels are greater in slow-oxidative compared with fast-glycolytic muscles. Coimmunoprecipitation of CaM with Ng in homogenates of C2C12 myotubes, mouse soleus, and human vastus lateralis suggests that these proteins physically interact. To determine whether Ng inhibits calcineurin signaling in muscle, we used Ng siRNA with C2C12 myotubes to reduce Ng protein levels by 60%. As a result of reduced Ng expression, C2C12 myotubes had enhanced CaM-calcineurin binding and calcineurin signaling as indicated by reduced phosphorylation of nuclear factor of activated T cells and increased utrophin mRNA. In addition, calcineurin signaling affects the expression of myogenin and stabilin-2, which are involved in myogenic differentiation and myoblast fusion, respectively. Here, we found that both myogenin and stabilin-2 were significantly elevated by Ng siRNA in C2C12 cells, concomitantly with an increased fusion index. Taken together, these results demonstrate the expression of Ng in mammalian skeletal muscle where it appears to be a novel regulator of calcineurin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colton J F Watson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirsten N Bott
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Moradi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas A Maddalena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kelli D Turner
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra J Peters
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey A Stuart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Russell Tupling
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 10 (DUSP10): Its Role in Cancer, Inflammation, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071626. [PMID: 30939861 PMCID: PMC6480380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most diagnosed diseases in developed countries. Inflammation is a common response to different stress situations including cancer and infection. In those processes, the family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) has an important role regulating cytokine secretion, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis, among others. MAPKs regulate a large number of extracellular signals upon a variety of physiological as well as pathological conditions. MAPKs activation is tightly regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events. In this regard, the dual-specificity phosphatase 10 (DUSP10) has been described as a MAPK phosphatase that negatively regulates p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in several cellular types and tissues. Several studies have proposed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) can be also modulated by DUSP10. This suggests a complex role of DUSP10 on MAPKs regulation and, in consequence, its impact in a wide variety of responses involved in both cancer and inflammation. Here, we review DUSP10 function in cancerous and immune cells and studies in both mouse models and patients that establish a clear role of DUSP10 in different processes such as inflammation, immunity, and cancer.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gallot YS, Straughn AR, Bohnert KR, Xiong G, Hindi SM, Kumar A. MyD88 is required for satellite cell-mediated myofiber regeneration in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3449-3463. [PMID: 30010933 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leads to severe muscle wasting and eventual death of the afflicted individuals, primarily due to respiratory failure. Deficit in myofiber regeneration, potentially due to an exhaustion of satellite cells, is one of the major pathological features of DMD. Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) is an adaptor protein that mediates activation of various inflammatory pathways in response to signaling from Toll-like receptors and interleukin-1 receptor. MyD88 also regulates cellular survival, proliferation and differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner. However, the role of MyD88 in satellite stem cell homeostasis and function in dystrophic muscle remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that tamoxifen-inducible deletion of MyD88 in satellite cells causes loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength in the mdx mouse model of DMD. Satellite cell-specific deletion of MyD88 inhibits myofiber regeneration and stimulates fibrogenesis in dystrophic muscle of mdx mice. Deletion of MyD88 also reduces the number of satellite cells and inhibits their fusion with injured myofibers in dystrophic muscle of mdx mice. Ablation of MyD88 in satellite cells increases the markers of M2 macrophages without having any significant effect on M1 macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Finally, we found that satellite cell-specific deletion of MyD88 leads to aberrant activation of Notch and Wnt signaling in skeletal muscle of mdx mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate that MyD88-mediated signaling in satellite cells is essential for the regeneration of injured myofibers in dystrophic muscle of mdx mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yann S Gallot
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Alex R Straughn
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kyle R Bohnert
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Guangyan Xiong
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang B, Li M, Lei H, Xu Y, Li H, Gao Z, Guan R, Xin Z. Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Influences the Myogenic Differentiation of Muscle Satellite Cells in a Stress Urinary Incontinence Rat Model. Urology 2018; 123:297.e1-297.e8. [PMID: 30273612 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in a stress urinary incontinence (SUI) rat model and its influence on myogenic satellite cells. METHODS Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent vaginal distension and bilateral ovariectomy mimicking partum injury and menopause to construct SUI models, which were further randomized into 100 mW/cm2 LIPUS, 200 mW/cm2 LIPUS, 300 mW/cm2 LIPUS, and none-treatment control subgroups with 10 rats per subgroup. Ten rats served as mock operation control. Leak point pressure and bladder capacity were recorded 1 week after LIPUS treatment. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were performed to examine histological changes, myodifferentiation, and signaling pathway. RESULTS Here,we found the leak point pressure and bladder capacity were restored in 200 mW/cm2 LIPUS and 300 mW/cm2 LIPUS groups, but not in 100 mW/cm2 LIPUS group. More robust striated muscle regeneration was observed in 200 mW/cm2 LIPUS group comparing with the SUI none-treatment group. Moreover, we found LIPUS activated the myodifferentiation of muscle satellite cells, which is correlated to p38 phosphorylation level. CONCLUSION LIPUS restored the leak point pressure and bladder capacity, and activated satellite cell myodifferentiation in SUI rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Yang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongen Lei
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongde Xu
- Department of Urology, First Hospital Affiliated to Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huixi Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhezhu Gao
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Andrology Center, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Seternes OM, Kidger AM, Keyse SM. Dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:124-143. [PMID: 30401534 PMCID: PMC6227380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that a family of dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) play key roles in the regulated dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAP kinase isoforms in mammalian cells and tissues. MKPs provide a mechanism of spatiotemporal feedback control of these key signalling pathways, but can also mediate crosstalk between distinct MAP kinase cascades and facilitate interactions between MAP kinase pathways and other key signalling modules. As our knowledge of the regulation, substrate specificity and catalytic mechanisms of MKPs has matured, more recent work using genetic models has revealed key physiological functions for MKPs and also uncovered potentially important roles in regulating the pathophysiological outcome of signalling with relevance to human diseases. These include cancer, diabetes, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. It is hoped that this understanding will reveal novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for disease, thus contributing to more effective diagnosis and treatment for these debilitating and often fatal conditions. A comprehensive review of the dual-specificity MAP kinase Phosphatases (MKPs) Focus is on MKPs in the regulation of MAPK signalling in health and disease. Covers roles of MKPs in inflammation, obesity/diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ole-Morten Seternes
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Andrew M Kidger
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, UK.
| | - Stephen M Keyse
- Stress Response Laboratory, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, James Arrot Drive, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Geiger A, Daughtry M, Gow C, Siegel P, Shi H, Gerrard D. Long-term selection of chickens for body weight alters muscle satellite cell behaviors. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2557-2567. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
24
|
Daughtry MR, Berio E, Shen Z, Suess EJR, Shah N, Geiger AE, Berguson ER, Dalloul RA, Persia ME, Shi H, Gerrard DE. Satellite cell-mediated breast muscle regeneration decreases with broiler size. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3457-3464. [PMID: 28521021 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) reside between the sarcolemma and basal lamina of muscle fibers and are the primary contributor of DNA for post-hatch muscle growth and repair. Alterations in SC content or properties by intrinsic and extrinsic factors can have detrimental effects on muscle health and function, and ultimately meat quality. We hypothesized that disrupted SC homeostasis may account in part for the increased breast myopathies observed in growing broilers. To test this hypothesis, we selected broilers with different body weights at comparable ages and studied SC characteristics in vitro and in vivo. Data shows that SC numbers in the breast muscles decrease (P < 0.001) and their inherent abilities to proliferate and differentiate diminish (P < 0.001) with age and size. Further, when breast muscle is presented with an insult, muscle of larger broilers regenerates more slowly than their smaller, age-matched counterparts arguing that SC quality changes with size and age. Together, our studies show that birds with greater muscle hypertrophy have less SCs with diminished ability to function, and suggest that aggressive selection for breast growth in broilers may exhaust SC pools when birds are grown to heavier processing weights. These findings provide new insights into a possible mechanism leading to breast myopathies in the poultry industry and provide targets for mitigating adverse fresh breast quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Daughtry
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - E Berio
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Z Shen
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - E J R Suess
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - N Shah
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - A E Geiger
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - E R Berguson
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - R A Dalloul
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - M E Persia
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - H Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - D E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vallejo D, Hernández-Torres F, Lozano-Velasco E, Rodriguez-Outeiriño L, Carvajal A, Creus C, Franco D, Aránega AE. PITX2 Enhances the Regenerative Potential of Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1398-1411. [PMID: 29641992 PMCID: PMC5998647 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), one of the most lethal genetic disorders, involves progressive muscle degeneration resulting from the absence of DYSTROPHIN. Lack of DYSTROPHIN expression in DMD has critical consequences in muscle satellite stem cells including a reduced capacity to generate myogenic precursors. Here, we demonstrate that the c-isoform of PITX2 transcription factor modifies the myogenic potential of dystrophic-deficient satellite cells. We further show that PITX2c enhances the regenerative capability of mouse DYSTROPHIN-deficient satellite cells by increasing cell proliferation and the number of myogenic committed cells, but importantly also increasing dystrophin-positive (revertant) myofibers by regulating miR-31. These PITX2-mediated effects finally lead to improved muscle function in dystrophic (DMD/mdx) mice. Our studies reveal a critical role for PITX2 in skeletal muscle repair and may help to develop therapeutic strategies for muscular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vallejo
- Cardiac and Skeletal Myogenesis Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Francisco Hernández-Torres
- Cardiac and Skeletal Myogenesis Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiac and Skeletal Myogenesis Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Lara Rodriguez-Outeiriño
- Cardiac and Skeletal Myogenesis Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Alejandra Carvajal
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Carlota Creus
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada 18014, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiac and Skeletal Myogenesis Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, Jaén 23071, Spain
| | - Amelia Eva Aránega
- Cardiac and Skeletal Myogenesis Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, CU Las Lagunillas B3-362, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Recapitulation of Extracellular LAMININ Environment Maintains Stemness of Satellite Cells In Vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:568-582. [PMID: 29337118 PMCID: PMC5830886 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells function as precursor cells in mature skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. In healthy tissue, these cells are maintained in a state of quiescence by a microenvironment formed by myofibers and basement membrane in which LAMININs (LMs) form a major component. In the present study, we evaluated the satellite cell microenvironment in vivo and found that these cells are encapsulated by LMα2–5. We sought to recapitulate this satellite cell niche in vitro by culturing satellite cells in the presence of recombinant LM-E8 fragments. We show that treatment with LM-E8 promotes proliferation of satellite cells in an undifferentiated state, through reduced phosphorylation of JNK and p38. On transplantation into injured muscle tissue, satellite cells cultured with LM-E8 promoted the regeneration of skeletal muscle. These findings represent an efficient method of culturing satellite cells for use in transplantation through the recapitulation of the satellite cell niche using recombinant LM-E8 fragments. Satellite cells are encapsulated by LMα2–5 LM-E8 promotes proliferation of satellite cells in an undifferentiated state Satellite cells cultured with LM-E8 enhanced the regeneration of skeletal muscle
Collapse
|
27
|
Min K, Lawan A, Bennett AM. Loss of MKP-5 promotes myofiber survival by activating STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling during regenerative myogenesis. Skelet Muscle 2017; 7:21. [PMID: 29047406 PMCID: PMC5648478 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-017-0137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been shown to be involved in regulating myofiber survival. In skeletal muscle, p38 MAPK and JNK are negatively regulated by MAPK phosphatase-5 (MKP-5). During muscle regeneration, MKP-5 is downregulated, thereby promoting p38 MAPK/JNK signaling, and subsequent repair of damaged muscle. Mice lacking MKP-5 expression exhibit enhanced regenerative myogenesis. However, the effect of MKP-5 on myofiber survival during regeneration is unclear. METHODS To investigate whether MKP-5 is involved in myofiber survival, skeletal muscle injury was induced by cardiotoxin injection, and the effects on apoptosis were assessed by TUNEL assay in wild type and MKP-5-deficient mice. The contribution of MKP-5 to apoptotic signaling and its link to this pathway through mitochondrial function were determined in regenerating skeletal muscle of MKP-5-deficient mice. RESULTS We found that loss of MKP-5 in skeletal muscle resulted in improved myofiber survival. In response to skeletal muscle injury, loss of MKP-5 decreased activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involving the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and increased expression of the anti-apoptotic transcription factor Bcl-2. Skeletal muscle of MKP-5-deficient mice also exhibited an improved anti-oxidant capacity as a result of increased expression of catalase further contributing to myofiber survival by attenuating oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that MKP-5 coordinates skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. MKP-5 negatively regulates apoptotic signaling, and during regeneration, MKP-5 downregulation contributes to the restoration of myofiber survival. Finally, these results suggest that MKP-5 inhibition may serve as an important therapeutic target for the preservation of skeletal muscle survival in degenerative muscle diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kisuk Min
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ahmed Lawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pawlikowski B, Vogler TO, Gadek K, Olwin BB. Regulation of skeletal muscle stem cells by fibroblast growth factors. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:359-367. [PMID: 28249356 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are essential for self-renewal of skeletal muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and required for maintenance and repair of skeletal muscle. Satellite cells express high levels of FGF receptors 1 and 4, low levels of FGF receptor 3, and little or no detectable FGF receptor 2. Of the multiple FGFs that influence satellite cell function in culture, FGF2 and FGF6 are the only members that regulate satellite cell function in vivo by activating ERK MAPK, p38α/β MAPKs, PI3 kinase, PLCγ and STATs. Regulation of FGF signaling is complex in satellite cells, requiring Syndecan-4, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, as well as ß1-integrin and fibronectin. During aging, reduced responsiveness to FGF diminishes satellite cell self-renewal, leading to impaired skeletal muscle regeneration and depletion of satellite cells. Mislocalization of ß1-integrin, reductions in fibronectin, and alterations in heparan sulfate content all contribute to reduced FGF responsiveness in satellite cells. How these cell surface proteins regulate satellite cell self-renewal is incompletely understood. Here we summarize the current knowledge, highlighting the role(s) for FGF signaling in skeletal muscle regeneration, satellite cell behavior, and age-induced muscle wasting. Developmental Dynamics 246:359-367, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Pawlikowski
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas Orion Vogler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Katherine Gadek
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Bradley B Olwin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xiong G, Hindi SM, Mann AK, Gallot YS, Bohnert KR, Cavener DR, Whittemore SR, Kumar A. The PERK arm of the unfolded protein response regulates satellite cell-mediated skeletal muscle regeneration. eLife 2017; 6:22871. [PMID: 28332979 PMCID: PMC5391206 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle in adults is mediated by satellite stem cells. Accumulation of misfolded proteins triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress that leads to unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is relayed to the cell through the activation of PERK, IRE1/XBP1, and ATF6. Here, we demonstrate that levels of PERK and IRE1 are increased in satellite cells upon muscle injury. Inhibition of PERK, but not the IRE1 arm of the UPR in satellite cells inhibits myofiber regeneration in adult mice. PERK is essential for the survival and differentiation of activated satellite cells into the myogenic lineage. Deletion of PERK causes hyper-activation of p38 MAPK during myogenesis. Blocking p38 MAPK activity improves the survival and differentiation of PERK-deficient satellite cells in vitro and muscle formation in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that the PERK arm of the UPR plays a pivotal role in the regulation of satellite cell homeostasis during regenerative myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Xiong
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Aman K Mann
- duPont Manual High School, Louisville, United States
| | - Yann S Gallot
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Kyle R Bohnert
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, United States
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miroshnychenko O, Chang WT, Dragoo JL. The Use of Platelet-Rich and Platelet-Poor Plasma to Enhance Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts: Implications for the Use of Autologous Blood Products for Muscle Regeneration. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:945-953. [PMID: 28027451 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516677547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to augment tissue repair and regeneration after musculoskeletal injury. However, there is increasing clinical evidence that PRP does not show a consistent clinical effect. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to compare the effects of the following non-neutrophil-containing (leukocyte-poor) plasma fractions on human skeletal muscle myoblast (HSMM) differentiation: (1) PRP, (2) modified PRP (Mod-PRP), in which transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and myostatin (MSTN) were depleted, and (3) platelet-poor plasma (PPP). The hypothesis was that leukocyte-poor PRP would lead to myoblast proliferation (not differentiation), whereas certain modifications of PRP preparations would increase myoblast differentiation, which is necessary for skeletal muscle regeneration. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Blood from 7 human donors was individually processed to simultaneously create leukocyte-poor fractions: PRP, Mod-PRP, PPP, and secondarily spun PRP and Mod-PRP (PRPss and Mod-PRPss, respectively). Mod-PRP was produced by removing TGF-β1 and MSTN from PRP using antibodies attached to sterile beads, while a second-stage centrifugal spin of PRP was performed to remove platelets. The biologics were individually added to cell culture groups. Analysis for induction into myoblast differentiation pathways included Western blot analysis, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry, as well as confocal microscopy to assess polynucleated myotubule formation. RESULTS HSMMs cultured with PRP showed an increase in proliferation but no evidence of differentiation. Western blot analysis confirmed that MSTN and TGF-β1 could be decreased in Mod-PRP using antibody-coated beads, but this modification mildly improved myoblast differentiation. However, cell culture with PPP, PRPss, and Mod-PRPss led to a decreased proliferation rate but a significant induction of myoblast differentiation verified by increased multinucleated myotubule formation and myosin heavy chain expression (mean 8-fold change in mRNA level; P < .05), which was comparable with 2% horse serum, the positive control. CONCLUSION PPP and leukocyte-poor PRP preparations subjected to a second spin to remove the platelets led to induction of myoblast cells into the muscle differentiation pathway, whereas unmodified leukocyte-poor PRP led to myoblast proliferation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that traditionally formulated PRP may not be appropriate to induce muscle regeneration. Laboratory evidence suggests that PPP or non-neutrophil-containing PRPss, subjected to an additional spin to remove platelets, should be used to stimulate myoblast differentiation, which is necessary for skeletal muscle regeneration. Clinical studies will be required to confirm the effect of these biologics on muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Miroshnychenko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wen-Teh Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jason L Dragoo
- Sports Medicine Center, Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee H, Min K, Yi JS, Shi H, Chang W, Jackson L, Bennett AM. A Phosphoproteomic Screen Identifies a Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor for Rab3A Protein as a Mitogen-activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Phosphatase-5-regulated MAP Kinase Target in Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Secretion and Myogenesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3581-3590. [PMID: 28096466 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.769208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been shown to regulate skeletal muscle function. Previously, we showed that MAPK phosphatase-5 (MKP-5) negatively regulates myogenesis and regeneration of skeletal muscle through inhibition of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, the identity and contribution of MKP-5-regulated MAPK targets in the control of skeletal muscle function and regenerative myogenesis have not been established. To identify MKP-5-regulated MAPK substrates in skeletal muscle, we performed a global differential phospho-MAPK substrate screen in regenerating skeletal muscles of wild type and MKP-5-deficient mice. We discovered a novel MKP-5-regulated MAPK substrate called guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab3A (GRAB) that was hyperphosphorylated on a phospho-MAPK motif in skeletal muscle of MKP-5-deficient mice. GRAB was found to be phosphorylated by JNK on serine 169. Myoblasts overexpressing a phosphorylation-defective mutant of GRAB containing a mutation at Ser-169 to Ala-169 (GRAB-S169A) inhibited the ability of C2C12 myoblasts to differentiate. We found that GRAB phosphorylation at Ser-169 was required for the secretion of the promyogenic cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6). Consistent with this observation, MKP-5-deficient mice exhibited increased circulating IL-6 expression as compared with wild type mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby MKP-5-mediated regulation of JNK negatively regulates phosphorylation of GRAB, which subsequently controls secretion of IL-6. These data support the notion that MKP-5 serves as a negative regulator of MAPK-dependent signaling of critical skeletal muscle signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Lee
- From the Department of Pharmacology and
| | - Kisuk Min
- From the Department of Pharmacology and
| | | | - Hao Shi
- the Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
| | - Woochul Chang
- the Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea, and
| | - Leandra Jackson
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Anton M Bennett
- From the Department of Pharmacology and .,Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yu Y, Li X, Liu L, Chai J, Haijun Z, Chu W, Yin H, Ma L, Duan H, Xiao M. miR-628 Promotes Burn-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via Targeting IRS1. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1213-1224. [PMID: 27766036 PMCID: PMC5069443 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common clinical feature among patients with severe burns. Previous studies have shown that miRNAs play critical roles in the regulation of stress-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. Our previous study showed that burn-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is mediated by miR-628. In this study, compared with sham rats, rats subjected to burn injury exhibited skeletal muscle atrophy, as well as significantly decreased insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein expression and significantly increased skeletal muscle cell apoptosis. An miRNA array showed that the levels of miR-628, a potential regulator of IRS1 protein translation, were also clearly elevated. Second, L6 myocyte cell apoptosis increased after induction of miR-628 expression, and IRS1 and p-Akt protein expression decreased significantly. Expression of the cell apoptosis-related proteins FoxO3a and cleaved caspase 3 also increased after induction of miR-628 expression. Finally, forced miR-628 expression in normal rats resulted in increased cell apoptosis and skeletal muscle atrophy, as well as changes in IRS1/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway activity consistent with the changes in protein expression described above. Inhibiting cell apoptosis with Z-VAD-FMK resulted in alleviation of burn-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. In general, our results indicate that miR-628 mediates burn-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by regulating the IRS1/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Lingying Liu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Jiake Chai
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Zhang Haijun
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Wanli Chu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Huinan Yin
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Hongjie Duan
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Mengjing Xiao
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion is fundamental to a multitude of biological processes ranging from cell differentiation and embryogenesis to cancer metastasis and biomaterial-tissue interactions. Fusogenic cells are exposed to biochemical and biophysical factors, which could potentially alter cell behavior. While biochemical inducers of fusion such as cytokines and kinases have been identified, little is known about the biophysical regulation of cell-cell fusion. Here, we designed experiments to examine cell-cell fusion using bulk metallic glass (BMG) nanorod arrays with varying biophysical cues, i.e. nanotopography and stiffness. Through independent variation of stiffness and topography, we found that nanotopography constitutes the primary biophysical cue that can override biochemical signals to attenuate fusion. Specifically, nanotopography restricts cytoskeletal remodeling-associated signaling, which leads to reduced fusion. This finding expands our fundamental understanding of the nanoscale biophysical regulation of cell fusion and can be exploited in biomaterials design to induce desirable biomaterial-tissue interactions.
Collapse
|
34
|
Choo HJ, Cutler A, Rother F, Bader M, Pavlath GK. Karyopherin Alpha 1 Regulates Satellite Cell Proliferation and Survival by Modulating Nuclear Import. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2784-2797. [PMID: 27434733 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are stem cells with an essential role in skeletal muscle repair. Precise regulation of gene expression is critical for proper satellite cell quiescence, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Nuclear proteins required for gene expression are dependent on the nucleocytoplasmic transport machinery to access to nucleus, however little is known about regulation of nuclear transport in satellite cells. The best characterized nuclear import pathway is classical nuclear import which depends on a classical nuclear localization signal (cNLS) in a cargo protein and the heterodimeric import receptors, karyopherin alpha (KPNA) and beta (KPNB). Multiple KPNA1 paralogs exist and can differ in importing specific cNLS proteins required for cell differentiation and function. We show that transcripts for six Kpna paralogs underwent distinct changes in mouse satellite cells during muscle regeneration accompanied by changes in cNLS proteins in nuclei. Depletion of KPNA1, the most dramatically altered KPNA, caused satellite cells in uninjured muscle to prematurely activate, proliferate and undergo apoptosis leading to satellite cell exhaustion with age. Increased proliferation of satellite cells led to enhanced muscle regeneration at early stages of regeneration. In addition, we observed impaired nuclear localization of two key KPNA1 cargo proteins: p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor associated with cell cycle control and lymphoid enhancer factor 1, a critical cotranscription factor for β-catenin. These results indicate that regulated nuclear import of proteins by KPNA1 is critical for satellite cell proliferation and survival and establish classical nuclear import as a novel regulatory mechanism for controlling satellite cell fate. Stem Cells 2016;34:2784-2797.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Cutler
- Department of Pharmacology.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Franziska Rother
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany.,Institute of Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
Collapse
|
36
|
YU YONGHUI, CHU WANLI, CHAI JIAKE, LI XIAO, LIU LINGYING, MA LI. Critical role of miRNAs in mediating skeletal muscle atrophy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1470-4. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
37
|
Ogura Y, Hindi SM, Sato S, Xiong G, Akira S, Kumar A. TAK1 modulates satellite stem cell homeostasis and skeletal muscle repair. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10123. [PMID: 26648529 PMCID: PMC4682113 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells are resident adult stem cells that are required for regeneration of skeletal muscle. However, signalling mechanisms that regulate satellite cell function are less understood. Here we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is important in satellite stem cell homeostasis and function. Inactivation of TAK1 in satellite cells inhibits muscle regeneration in adult mice. TAK1 is essential for satellite cell proliferation and its inactivation causes precocious differentiation. Moreover, TAK1-deficient satellite cells exhibit increased oxidative stress and undergo spontaneous cell death, primarily through necroptosis. TAK1 is required for the activation of NF-κB and JNK in satellite cells. Forced activation of NF-κB improves survival and proliferation of TAK1-deficient satellite cells. Furthermore, TAK1-mediated activation of JNK is essential to prevent oxidative stress and precocious differentiation of satellite cells. Collectively, our study suggests that TAK1 is required for maintaining the pool of satellite stem cells and for regenerative myogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogura
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Guangyan Xiong
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Png CW, Weerasooriya M, Guo J, James SJ, Poh HM, Osato M, Flavell RA, Dong C, Yang H, Zhang Y. DUSP10 regulates intestinal epithelial cell growth and colorectal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:206-17. [PMID: 25772234 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 10 (DUSP10), also known as MAP kinase phosphatase 5 (MKP5), negatively regulates the activation of MAP kinases. Genetic polymorphisms and aberrant expression of this gene are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans. However, the role of DUSP10 in intestinal epithelial tumorigenesis is not clear. Here, we showed that DUSP10 knockout (KO) mice had increased intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and migration and developed less severe colitis than wild-type (WT) mice in response to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) treatment, which is associated with increased ERK1/2 activation and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) expression in IEC. In line with increased IEC proliferation, DUSP10 KO mice developed more colon tumours with increased severity compared with WT mice in response to administration of DSS and azoxymethane (AOM). Furthermore, survival analysis of CRC patients demonstrated that high DUSP10 expression in tumours was associated with significant improvement in survival probability. Overexpression of DUSP10 in Caco-2 and RCM-1 cells inhibited cell proliferation. Our study showed that DUSP10 negatively regulates IEC growth and acts as a suppressor for CRC. Therefore, it could be targeted for the development of therapies for colitis and CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Png
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Weerasooriya
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Guo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S J James
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H M Poh
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Dong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - H Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi H, Gatzke F, Molle JM, Lee HB, Helm ET, Oldham JJ, Zhang L, Gerrard DE, Bennett AM. Mice lacking MKP-1 and MKP-5 Reveal Hierarchical Regulation of Regenerative Myogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:1-7. [PMID: 27064463 DOI: 10.15436/2741-0598.15.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of the MAP kinase phosphatases (MKPs) in the integration of MAP kinase-dependent signaling during regenerative myogenesis has yet to be fully investigated. MKP-1 and MKP-5 maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis by providing positive and negative effects on regenerative myogenesis, respectively. In order to define the hierarchical contributions of MKP-1 and MKP-5 in the regulation of regenerative myogenesis we genetically ablated both MKPs in mice. MKP-1/MKP 5-deficient double-knockout (MKP1/5- DKO) mice were viable, and upon skeletal muscle injury, were severely impaired in their capacity to regenerate skeletal muscle. Satellite cells were fewer in number in MKP1/5-DKO mice and displayed a reduced proliferative capacity as compared with those derived from wild-type mice. MKP1/5-DKO mice exhibited increased inflammation and the macrophage M1 to M2 transition during the resolution of inflammation was impaired following injury. These results demonstrate that the actions of MKP-1 to positively regulate myogenesis predominate over those of MKP-5, which negatively regulates myogenesis. Hence, MKP-1 and MKP-5 function to maintain skeletal muscle homeostasis through non-overlapping and opposing signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Julia M Molle
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Han Bin Lee
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Emma T Helm
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jessie J Oldham
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - David E Gerrard
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology; Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moorwood C, Barton ER. Caspase-12 ablation preserves muscle function in the mdx mouse. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5325-41. [PMID: 24879640 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle wasting disease caused by mutations in dystrophin. Several downstream consequences of dystrophin deficiency are triggers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including loss of calcium homeostasis, hypoxia and oxidative stress. During ER stress, misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen and the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered, leading to adaptation or apoptosis. We hypothesized that ER stress is heightened in dystrophic muscles and contributes to the pathology of DMD. We observed increases in the ER stress markers BiP and cleaved caspase-4 in DMD patient biopsies, compared with controls, and an increase in multiple UPR pathways in muscles of the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse. We then crossed mdx mice with mice null for caspase-12, the murine equivalent of human caspase-4, which are resistant to ER stress. We found that deleting caspase-12 preserved mdx muscle function, resulting in a 75% recovery of both specific force generation and resistance to eccentric contractions. The compensatory hypertrophy normally found in mdx muscles was normalized in the absence of caspase-12; this was found to be due to decreased fibre sizes, and not to a fibre type shift or a decrease in fibrosis. Fibre central nucleation was not significantly altered in the absence of caspase-12, but muscle fibre degeneration found in the mdx mouse was reduced almost to wild-type levels. In conclusion, we have identified heightened ER stress and abnormal UPR signalling as novel contributors to the dystrophic phenotype. Caspase-4 is therefore a potential therapeutic target for DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Moorwood
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wissing ER, Boyer JG, Kwong JQ, Sargent MA, Karch J, McNally EM, Otsu K, Molkentin JD. P38α MAPK underlies muscular dystrophy and myofiber death through a Bax-dependent mechanism. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5452-63. [PMID: 24876160 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic diseases that lead to muscle wasting and, in most cases, premature death. Cytokines and inflammatory factors are released during the disease process where they promote deleterious signaling events that directly participate in myofiber death. Here, we show that p38α, a kinase in the greater mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-signaling network, serves as a nodal regulator of disease signaling in dystrophic muscle. Deletion of Mapk14 (p38α-encoding gene) in the skeletal muscle of mdx- (lacking dystrophin) or sgcd- (δ-sarcoglycan-encoding gene) null mice resulted in a significant reduction in pathology up to 6 months of age. We also generated MAPK kinase 6 (MKK6) muscle-specific transgenic mice to model heightened p38α disease signaling that occurs in dystrophic muscle, which resulted in severe myofiber necrosis and many hallmarks of muscular dystrophy. Mechanistically, we show that p38α directly induces myofiber death through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway involving direct phosphorylation and activation of the pro-death Bcl-2 family member Bax. Indeed, muscle-specific deletion of Bax, but not the apoptosis regulatory gene Tp53 (encoding p53), significantly reduced dystrophic pathology in the muscles of MKK6 transgenic mice. Moreover, use of a p38 MAPK pharmacologic inhibitor reduced dystrophic disease in Sgcd(-/-) mice suggesting a future therapeutic approach to delay disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Wissing
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Justin G Boyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer Q Kwong
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michelle A Sargent
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jason Karch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland, MC 6088, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK and
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ogura Y, Tajrishi MM, Sato S, Hindi SM, Kumar A. Therapeutic potential of matrix metalloproteinases in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:11. [PMID: 25364719 PMCID: PMC4207008 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted proteinases that have physiologic roles in degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) in almost all tissues. However, their excessive production in disease conditions leads to many pathological features including tissue breakdown, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic muscle disorder caused by partial or complete loss of cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Progressive muscle wasting in DMD is accompanied by myofiber necrosis followed by cycles of regeneration and degeneration and inflammation that eventually result in replacement of myofiber by connective and adipose tissues. Emerging evidence suggests that gene expression and the activity of various MMPs are aberrantly regulated in muscle biopsies from DMD patients and in skeletal muscle of animal models of DMD. Moreover, a few studies employing genetic mouse models have revealed that different MMPs play distinct roles in disease progression in DMD. Modulation of the activity of MMPs improves myofiber regeneration and enhances the efficacy of transplantation and engraftment of muscle progenitor cells in dystrophic muscle in mouse models of DMD. Furthermore, recent reports also suggest that some MMPs especially MMP-9 can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of DMD. In this article, we provide a succinct overview of the regulation of various MMPs and their therapeutic importance in DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogura
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marjan M Tajrishi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zou J, Yuan C, Wu C, Cao C, Shi Q, Yang H. Isolation and osteogenic differentiation of skeletal muscle‑derived stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:185-91. [PMID: 24173582 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the isolation and culture of muscle‑derived stem cells (MDSCs) and their capability to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro. Skeletal muscle tissue was obtained from double hind limbs of New Zealand white rabbits under sterile conditions and isolated by collagenase digestion. Following passages in basic medium, the primary cells were desmin (+), myosin (+) and CD105 (+). Differentiation of MDSCs was induced by osteogenic medium. Using a 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, the differentiated cell population was found to proliferate faster than the undifferentiated. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining revealed that the differentiated cells were mineralized in vitro. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays also showed increased mRNA expression of osteogenic genes in differentiated cells. In conclusion, stem cells were successfully isolated and cultured from rabbit skeletal muscle tissue and were able to differentiate into osteoblasts following induction. These observations may indicate an ideal stem cell source for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|