1
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Im SJ, Lee K, Ha SJ. Harnessing IL-2 for immunotherapy against cancer and chronic infection: a historical perspective and emerging trends. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1900-1908. [PMID: 39218982 PMCID: PMC11447265 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-2 therapy, which enhances the function of CD8 + T cells, was initially employed as the cornerstone of immunotherapy against cancer. However, the impact of this therapy extends beyond CD8 + T cells to cells expressing IL-2R, such as endothelial cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in various side effects. Consequently, IL-2 therapy has taken a step back from the forefront of treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and CTLA-4 antibodies, are used because of their durable therapeutic responses and the reduced incidence of side effects. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of cancer patients respond to ICIs, and research on IL-2 as a combination treatment to improve the efficacy of these ICIs is ongoing. To mitigate side effects, efforts have focused on developing IL-2 variants that do not strongly bind to cells expressing IL-2Rα and favor signaling through IL-2Rβγ. However, recent studies have suggested that, in the context of persistent antigen stimulation models, effective stimulation of antigen-specific exhausted CD8 + T cells in combination with PD-1 inhibitors requires either 1) binding to IL-2Rα or 2) delivery via a fusion with PD-1. This review explores the historical context of IL-2 as an immunotherapeutic agent and discusses future directions for its use in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Im
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Pouxvielh K, Marotel M, Drouillard A, Villard M, Moreews M, Bossan A, Poiget M, Khoryati L, Benezech S, Fallone L, Hamada S, Rousseaux N, Picq L, Rocca Y, Berton A, Teixeira M, Mathieu AL, Ainouze M, Hasan U, Fournier A, Thaunat O, Marçais A, Walzer T. Tumor-induced natural killer cell dysfunction is a rapid and reversible process uncoupled from the expression of immune checkpoints. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn0164. [PMID: 39196934 PMCID: PMC11352832 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells often become dysfunctional during tumor progression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain unclear. To explore this phenomenon, we set up mouse lymphoma models activating or not activating NK cells. Both tumor types elicited type I interferon production, leading to the expression of a T cell exhaustion-like signature in NK cells, which included immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs). However, NK cell dysfunction occurred exclusively in the tumor model that triggered NK cell activation. Moreover, ICP-positive NK cells demonstrated heightened reactivity compared to negative ones. Furthermore, the onset of NK cell dysfunction was swift and temporally dissociated from ICPs induction, which occurred as a later event during tumor growth. Last, NK cell responsiveness was restored when stimulation was discontinued, and interleukin-15 had a positive impact on this reversion. Therefore, our data demonstrate that the reactivity of NK cells is dynamically controlled and that NK cell dysfunction is a reversible process uncoupled from the expression of ICPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Pouxvielh
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
- Sanofi Oncology Research, Vitry-Sur-Seine, France
| | - Marie Marotel
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Annabelle Drouillard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Villard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marion Moreews
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Anna Bossan
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Poiget
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Liliane Khoryati
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Benezech
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Lucie Fallone
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Sarah Hamada
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Noémi Rousseaux
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Louis Picq
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Yamila Rocca
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Aurore Berton
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marine Teixeira
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Mathieu
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Michelle Ainouze
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Uzma Hasan
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Olivier Thaunat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Marçais
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Walzer
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France
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3
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Rokade S, Damani AM, Oft M, Emmerich J. IL-2 based cancer immunotherapies: an evolving paradigm. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1433989. [PMID: 39114660 PMCID: PMC11303236 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovered over 4 decades ago in the supernatants of activated T cells, interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of immune responses. It is required for effector T cell expansion and differentiation as well as for peripheral tolerance induced by regulatory T cells. High-dose IL-2 treatment was the first FDA-approved immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma and melanoma, achieving single agent complete and durable responses, albeit only in a small proportion of patients. The therapeutic potential of wild type IL-2 is clinically limited by its short half-life and severe vascular toxicity. Moreover, the activation of regulatory T cells and the terminal differentiation of effector T cells on IL-2 pose additional restrictions. To overcome the toxicity of IL-2 in order to realize its full potential for patients, several novel engineering strategies are being developed and IL-2 based immunotherapy for cancer has emerged as a burgeoning field of clinical and experimental research. In addition, combination of IL-2 with PD-1/L1 pathway blockade shows vastly improved anti-tumor efficacy over either monotherapy in preclinical tumor models. In this review we discuss the biological characteristics of IL-2 and its receptors, as well as its efficacy and treatment limiting toxicities in cancer patients. We also explore the efforts aimed at developing novel and safer IL-2 therapies to harness the full therapeutic potential of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Rokade
- Development Department, Synthekine, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Jan Emmerich
- Development Department, Synthekine, Menlo Park, CA, United States
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Moynihan KD, Kumar MP, Sultan H, Pappas DC, Park T, Chin SM, Bessette P, Lan RY, Nguyen HC, Mathewson ND, Ni I, Chen W, Lee Y, Liao-Chan S, Chen J, Schumacher TN, Schreiber RD, Yeung YA, Djuretic IM. IL2 Targeted to CD8+ T Cells Promotes Robust Effector T-cell Responses and Potent Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:1206-1225. [PMID: 38563906 PMCID: PMC11215410 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
IL2 signals pleiotropically on diverse cell types, some of which contribute to therapeutic activity against tumors, whereas others drive undesired activity, such as immunosuppression or toxicity. We explored the theory that targeting of IL2 to CD8+ T cells, which are key antitumor effectors, could enhance its therapeutic index. To this aim, we developed AB248, a CD8 cis-targeted IL2 that demonstrates over 500-fold preference for CD8+ T cells over natural killer and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which may contribute to toxicity and immunosuppression, respectively. AB248 recapitulated IL2's effects on CD8+ T cells in vitro and induced selective expansion of CD8+T cells in primates. In mice, an AB248 surrogate demonstrated superior antitumor activity and enhanced tolerability as compared with an untargeted IL2Rβγ agonist. Efficacy was associated with the expansion and phenotypic enhancement of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, including the emergence of a "better effector" population. These data support the potential utility of AB248 in clinical settings. Significance: The full potential of IL2 therapy remains to be unlocked. We demonstrate that toxicity can be decoupled from antitumor activity in preclinical models by limiting IL2 signaling to CD8+ T cells, supporting the development of CD8+ T cell-selective IL2 for the treatment of cancer. See related article by Kaptein et al. p. 1226.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manu P. Kumar
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Hussein Sultan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | | | - Terrence Park
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - S. Michael Chin
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Paul Bessette
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Ruth Y. Lan
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Henry C. Nguyen
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | | | - Irene Ni
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Wei Chen
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Yonghee Lee
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Sindy Liao-Chan
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Jessie Chen
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Ton N.M. Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam; Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert D. Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Yik A. Yeung
- Asher Biotherapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, California.
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5
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Hashimoto M, Ramalingam SS, Ahmed R. Harnessing CD8 T cell responses using PD-1-IL-2 combination therapy. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:332-346. [PMID: 38129234 PMCID: PMC11006586 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing more effective programmed cell death (PD)-1 combination therapies against cancer. One major obstacle to these efforts is a dysfunctional/exhausted state of CD8 T cells, which PD-1 monotherapy is not able to overcome. Recent studies have highlighted that PD-1+ T cell factor (TCF)-1+ stem-like CD8 T cells are not fate locked into the exhaustion program and their differentiation trajectory can be changed by interleukin (IL)-2 signals. Modifying the CD8 T cell exhaustion program and generating better effectors from stem-like CD8 T cells by IL-2 form the fundamental immunological basis for combining IL-2 with PD-1 therapy. Many versions of IL-2-based products are being tested and each product should be carefully evaluated for its ability to modulate dysfunctional states of anti-tumor CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Hashimoto
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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6
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Fishman J, Buchbinder EI. Is There a Current Role for Combination Chemotherapy or High-Dose Interleukin 2 in Melanoma? Cancer J 2024; 30:120-125. [PMID: 38527266 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint inhibition and targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of melanoma. However, chemotherapy and interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy may still have a role in the later-line treatment of patients who do not have durable responses to other treatments. Chemotherapy can work transiently in patients whose disease has progressed on immune checkpoint inhibitors and for whom there are no appropriate targeted therapy options. High-dose IL-2 therapy can still be effective for a very small number of patients following progression on other therapies. In addition, modified IL-2 agents and IL-2 in combination with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy may play a role in future treatments for melanoma.
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7
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Attias M, Piccirillo CA. The impact of Foxp3 + regulatory T-cells on CD8 + T-cell dysfunction in tumour microenvironments and responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38325330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a breakthrough in cancer therapy, inducing durable remissions in responding patients. However, they are associated with variable outcomes, spanning from disease hyperprogression to complete responses with the onset of immune-related adverse events. The consequences of checkpoint inhibition on Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg ) cells remain unclear but could provide key insights into these variable outcomes. In this review, we first cover the mechanisms that underlie the development of hot and cold tumour microenvironments, which determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. We then outline how differences in tumour-intrinsic immunogenicity, T-cell trafficking, local metabolic environments and inhibitory checkpoint signalling differentially impair CD8+ T-cell function in tumour microenvironments, all the while promoting Treg -cell suppressive activity. Finally, we focus on the mechanisms that enable the induction of polyfunctional CD8+ T-cells upon checkpoint blockade and discuss the role of ICI-induced Treg -cell reactivation in acquired resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhaël Attias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Sprent J, Boyman O. Optimising IL-2 for Cancer Immunotherapy. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e5. [PMID: 38455463 PMCID: PMC10917570 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The key role of T cells in cancer immunotherapy is well established and is highlighted by the remarkable capacity of Ab-mediated checkpoint blockade to overcome T-cell exhaustion and amplify anti-tumor responses. However, total or partial tumor remission following checkpoint blockade is still limited to only a few types of tumors. Hence, concerted attempts are being made to devise new methods for improving tumor immunity. Currently, much attention is being focused on therapy with IL-2. This cytokine is a powerful growth factor for T cells and optimises their effector functions. When used at therapeutic doses for cancer treatment, however, IL-2 is highly toxic. Nevertheless, recent work has shown that modifying the structure or presentation of IL-2 can reduce toxicity and lead to effective anti-tumor responses in synergy with checkpoint blockade. Here, we review the complex interaction of IL-2 with T cells: first during normal homeostasis, then during responses to pathogens, and finally in anti-tumor responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sprent
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney 1466, Australia
- Menzies Institute of Medical Research, Hobart 7000, Australia
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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Jacques C, Marchand F, Chatelais M, Brulefert A, Floris I. Understanding the Mode of Action of a Micro-Immunotherapy Formulation: Pre-Clinical Evidence from the Study of 2LEBV ® Active Ingredients. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:102. [PMID: 38255717 PMCID: PMC10821216 DOI: 10.3390/life14010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is often kept silent and asymptomatic; however, its reactivation induces a chronic and/or recurrent infection that is associated with numerous diseases, including cancer and inflammation-related disorders. As no specific treatment is currently available, the immune factors-based micro-immunotherapy (MI) medicine 2LEBV® could be considered a valuable therapeutic option to sustain the immune system in EBV reactivation. METHODS The present work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the effect of 2LEBV® in several in vitro models of uninfected immune-related cells. RESULTS 2LEBV® displayed phagocytosis-enhancing capabilities in granulocytes. In human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), it increased the intra- and extra-cellular expression of interleukin (IL)-2. Moreover, it modulated the secretion of other cytokines, increasing IL-4, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels or lowering other cytokines levels such as IL-9. Finally, 2LEBV® reduced the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II in endothelial cells and macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Although these data are still preliminary and the chosen models do not consider the underlying EBV-reactivation mechanisms, they still provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of 2LEBV®, both at functional and molecular levels. Furthermore, they open perspectives regarding the potential targets of 2LEBV® in its employment as a therapeutic intervention for EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacques
- Pre-Clinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, 79320 Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, France;
| | - Flora Marchand
- ProfileHIT, 7 rue du Buisson, 44680 Sainte-Pazanne, France; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Mathias Chatelais
- ProfileHIT, 7 rue du Buisson, 44680 Sainte-Pazanne, France; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Adrien Brulefert
- QIMA Life Sciences, 1 bis rue des Plantes—CS 50011, 86160 Gençay, France;
| | - Ilaria Floris
- Pre-Clinical Research Department, Labo’Life France, Pescalis-Les Magnys, 79320 Moncoutant-sur-Sevre, France;
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10
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Lv H, Zong Q, Chen C, Lv G, Xiang W, Xing F, Jiang G, Yan B, Sun X, Ma Y, Wang L, Wu Z, Cui X, Wang H, Yang W. TET2-mediated tumor cGAS triggers endothelial STING activation to regulate vasculature remodeling and anti-tumor immunity in liver cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6. [PMID: 38177099 PMCID: PMC10766952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Induction of tumor vascular normalization is a crucial measure to enhance immunotherapy efficacy. cGAS-STING pathway is vital for anti-tumor immunity, but its role in tumor vasculature is unclear. Herein, using preclinical liver cancer models in Cgas/Sting-deficient male mice, we report that the interdependence between tumor cGAS and host STING mediates vascular normalization and anti-tumor immune response. Mechanistically, TET2 mediated IL-2/STAT5A signaling epigenetically upregulates tumor cGAS expression and produces cGAMP. Subsequently, cGAMP is transported via LRRC8C channels to activate STING in endothelial cells, enhancing recruitment and transendothelial migration of lymphocytes. In vivo studies in male mice also reveal that administration of vitamin C, a promising anti-cancer agent, stimulates TET2 activity, induces tumor vascular normalization and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy alone or in combination with IL-2. Our findings elucidate a crosstalk between tumor and vascular endothelial cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, providing strategies to enhance the efficacy of combinational immunotherapy for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Qianni Zong
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Cian Chen
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Guishuai Lv
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Fuxue Xing
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Guoqing Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Liang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiuliang Cui
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China.
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China.
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Wen Yang
- International Co-operation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200438, China.
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 201805, China.
- Cancer Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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11
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Wang X, Zou W. Caught in the middle: MARCH5 mediates PD-1-induced IL-2R degradation. Cell Res 2024; 34:3-4. [PMID: 38049517 PMCID: PMC10770175 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00902-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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12
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Codarri Deak L, Hashimoto M, Umaña P, Klein C. Beyond checkpoint inhibition: PD-1 cis-targeting of an IL-2Rβγ-biased interleukin-2 variant as a novel approach to build on checkpoint inhibition. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2197360. [PMID: 37025392 PMCID: PMC10072055 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2197360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunocytokine PD1-IL2v was designed to overcome liabilities and improve efficacy of IL-2 therapies. PD1-IL2v preferentially targets PD-1+ T-cells and acts on antigen-specific stem-like PD-1+ TCF-1+ CD8+ T-cells expanding and differentiating them towards better effectors resulting in superior efficacy in LCMV chronic infection and tumor models compared to checkpoint inhibition.
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13
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Chen Y, Guo DZ, Zhu CL, Ren SC, Sun CY, Wang Y, Wang JF. The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323797. [PMID: 38193090 PMCID: PMC10773890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis currently remains a major contributor to mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU), with 48.9 million cases reported globally and a mortality rate of 22.5% in 2017, accounting for almost 20% of all-cause mortality worldwide. This highlights the urgent need to improve the understanding and treatment of this condition. Sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulation of the host immune response to infection, characterized by an excessive inflammatory response and immune paralysis. This dysregulation leads to secondary infections, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and ultimately death. PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule expressed in immune cells, has emerged as a critical factor in sepsis. Numerous studies have found a significant association between the expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, with a particular focus on PD-L1 expressed on neutrophils recently. This review explores the role of PD-1/PD-L1 in immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways, illustrates the intricate link between PD-1/PD-L1 and sepsis, and summarizes current therapeutic approaches against PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment and prognosis of sepsis in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - De-zhi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-long Zhu
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-chun Ren
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-yan Sun
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-feng Wang
- Faculty of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Beltra JC, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Manne S, Zhang Z, Huang H, Kurachi M, Su L, Picton L, Ngiow SF, Muroyama Y, Casella V, Huang YJ, Giles JR, Mathew D, Belman J, Klapholz M, Decaluwe H, Huang AC, Berger SL, Garcia KC, Wherry EJ. Stat5 opposes the transcription factor Tox and rewires exhausted CD8 + T cells toward durable effector-like states during chronic antigen exposure. Immunity 2023; 56:2699-2718.e11. [PMID: 38091951 PMCID: PMC10752292 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Rewiring exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells toward functional states remains a therapeutic challenge. Tex cells are epigenetically programmed by the transcription factor Tox. However, epigenetic remodeling occurs as Tex cells transition from progenitor (Texprog) to intermediate (Texint) and terminal (Texterm) subsets, suggesting development flexibility. We examined epigenetic transitions between Tex cell subsets and revealed a reciprocally antagonistic circuit between Stat5a and Tox. Stat5 directed Texint cell formation and re-instigated partial effector biology during this Texprog-to-Texint cell transition. Constitutive Stat5a activity antagonized Tox and rewired CD8+ T cells from exhaustion to a durable effector and/or natural killer (NK)-like state with superior anti-tumor potential. Temporal induction of Stat5 activity in Tex cells using an orthogonal IL-2:IL2Rβ-pair fostered Texint cell accumulation, particularly upon PD-L1 blockade. Re-engaging Stat5 also partially reprogrammed the epigenetic landscape of exhaustion and restored polyfunctionality. These data highlight therapeutic opportunities of manipulating the IL-2-Stat5 axis to rewire Tex cells toward more durably protective states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Beltra
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Leon Su
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lora Picton
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuki Muroyama
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valentina Casella
- Infection Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yinghui J Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Belman
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Max Klapholz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hélène Decaluwe
- Cytokines and Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, 1 Letterman Drive, Suite D3500, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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15
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Jamison BL, Lawrance M, Wang CJ, DeBerg HA, Sansom DM, Gavin MA, Walker LS, Campbell DJ. An IL-2 mutein increases IL-10 and CTLA-4-dependent suppression of dendritic cells by regulatory T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.01.569613. [PMID: 38106196 PMCID: PMC10723345 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.569613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) variants with increased CD25 dependence that selectively expand Foxp3+ regulatory T (TR) cells are in clinical trials for treating inflammatory diseases. Using an Fc-fused IL-2 mutein (Fc.IL-2 mutein) we developed that prevents diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we show that Fc.IL-2 mutein induced an activated TR population with elevated proliferation, a transcriptional program associated with Stat5- and TCR-dependent gene modules, and high IL-10 and CTLA-4 expression. Increased IL-10 signaling limited surface MHC class II upregulation during conventional dendritic cell (cDC) maturation, while increased CTLA-4-dependent transendocytosis led to the transfer of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory ligands from maturing cDCs to TR cells. In NOD mice, Fc.IL-2 mutein treatment promoted the suppression of cDCs in the inflamed pancreas and pancreatic lymph nodes resulting in T cell anergy. Thus, IL-2 mutein-expanded TR cells have enhanced functional properties and restrict cDC function, offering promise for targeted immunotherapy use in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braxton L. Jamison
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Chun Jing Wang
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Pears Building, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | | | - David M. Sansom
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Pears Building, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | | | - Lucy S.K. Walker
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Pears Building, University College London Division of Infection & Immunity, London, UK
| | - Daniel J. Campbell
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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16
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Dallmann J, Freitag J, Jung C, Khinvasara K, Merz L, Peters D, Schork M, Beck J. CIMT 2023: report on the 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2023; 20:100397. [PMID: 37876518 PMCID: PMC10590812 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The Association for Cancer Immunotherapy (CIMT) celebrated the 20th anniversary of the CIMT Annual Meeting. CIMT2023 was held 3-5 May 2023 in Mainz, Germany. 1051 academic and clinical professionals from over 30 countries attended the meeting and discussed the latest advances in cancer immunology and immunotherapy research. This report summarizes the highlights of CIMT2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Dallmann
- Immunotherapies & Preclinical Research, BioNTech SE, Mainz
| | - J. Freitag
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - C. Jung
- BioNTech Cell & Gene Therapies GmbH, Mainz
| | - K. Khinvasara
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - L. Merz
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Peters
- Immunotherapies & Preclinical Research, BioNTech SE, Mainz
| | - M. Schork
- TRON-Translational Oncology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - J.D. Beck
- Immunotherapies & Preclinical Research, BioNTech SE, Mainz
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17
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Huang CG, Wu YC, Hsieh MJ, Lin YJ, Hsieh TH, Huang PW, Yang SL, Tsao KC, Shih SR, Lee LA. Impact of patient characteristics on innate immune responses and inflammasome activation in ex vivo human lung tissues infected with influenza A virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1269329. [PMID: 37900310 PMCID: PMC10611511 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1269329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) infection poses a persistent global health challenge, necessitating a nuanced grasp of host immune responses for optimal interventions. While the interplay between aging, immunosenescence, and IAV is recognized as key in severe lower respiratory tract infections, the role of specific patient attributes in shaping innate immune reactions and inflammasome activity during IAV infection remains under-investigated. In this study, we utilized an ex vivo infection model of human lung tissues with H3N2 IAV to discern relationships among patient demographics, IAV nucleoprotein (NP) expression, toll-like receptor (TLR) profiles, PD-1/PD-L1 markers, and cytokine production. Methods Our cohort consisted of thirty adult patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery during 2018-2019. Post-surgical lung tissues were exposed to H3N2 IAV for ex vivo infections, and the ensuing immune responses were profiled using flow cytometry. Results We observed pronounced IAV activity within lung cells, as indicated by marked NP upregulation in both epithelial cells (P = 0.022) and macrophages (P = 0.003) in the IAV-exposed group relative to controls. Notably, interleukin-2 levels correlated with variations in TLR1 expression on epithelial cells and PD-L1 markers on macrophages. Age emerged as a modulating factor, dampening innate immune reactions, as evidenced by reduced interleukin-2 and interferon-γ concentrations (both adjusted P < 0.05). Intriguingly, a subset of participants with pronounced tumor necrosis factor-alpha post-mock infection (Cluster 1) showed attenuated cytokine responses in contrast to their counterparts in Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 (all adjusted P < 0.05). Individuals in Cluster 2, characterized by a low post-mock infection NP expression in macrophages, exhibited reduced variations in both NP and TLR1-3 expressions on these cells and a decreased variation in interleukin-2 secretion in comparison to their Cluster 3 counterparts, who were identified by their elevated NP macrophage expression (all adjusted P < 0.05). Conclusion Our work elucidates the multifaceted interplay of patient factors, innate immunity, and inflammasome responses in lung tissues subjected to ex vivo H3N2 IAV exposure, reflecting real-world lower respiratory tract infections. While these findings provide a foundation for tailored therapeutic strategies, supplementary studies are requisite for thorough validation and refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Guei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Wu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jhu Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chien Tsao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ang Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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18
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Giles JR, Globig AM, Kaech SM, Wherry EJ. CD8 + T cells in the cancer-immunity cycle. Immunity 2023; 56:2231-2253. [PMID: 37820583 PMCID: PMC11237652 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are end effectors of cancer immunity. Most forms of effective cancer immunotherapy involve CD8+ T cell effector function. Here, we review the current understanding of T cell function in cancer, focusing on key CD8+ T cell subtypes and states. We discuss factors that influence CD8+ T cell differentiation and function in cancer through a framework that incorporates the classic three-signal model and a fourth signal-metabolism-and also consider the impact of the tumor microenvironment from a T cell perspective. We argue for the notion of immunotherapies as "pro-drugs" that act to augment or modulate T cells, which ultimately serve as the drug in vivo, and for the importance of overall immune health in cancer treatment and prevention. The progress in understanding T cell function in cancer has and will continue to improve harnessing of the immune system across broader tumor types to benefit more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Globig
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Immunology and Immune Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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19
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Leonard WJ, Lin JX. Strategies to therapeutically modulate cytokine action. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:827-854. [PMID: 37542128 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the regulation of cytokine activity is extraordinarily important both physiologically and pathologically. Cytokine and/or cytokine receptor engineering is being widely investigated to safely and effectively modulate cytokine activity for therapeutic benefit. IL-2 in particular has been extensively engineered, to create IL-2 variants that differentially exhibit activities on regulatory T cells to potentially treat autoimmune disease versus effector T cells to augment antitumour effects. Additionally, engineering approaches are being applied to many other cytokines such as IL-10, interferons and IL-1 family cytokines, given their immunosuppressive and/or antiviral and anticancer effects. In modulating the actions of cytokines, the strategies used have been broad, including altering affinities of cytokines for their receptors, prolonging cytokine half-lives in vivo and fine-tuning cytokine actions. The field is rapidly expanding, with extensive efforts to create improved therapeutics for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Le CT, Vick LV, Collins C, Dunai C, Sheng MK, Khuat LT, Barao I, Judge SJ, Aguilar EG, Curti B, Dave M, Longo DL, Blazar BR, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Regulation of human and mouse bystander T cell activation responses by PD-1. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e173287. [PMID: 37737264 PMCID: PMC10561715 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bystander activation of memory T cells occurs via cytokine signaling alone in the absence of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and provides a means of amplifying T cell effector responses in an antigen-nonspecific manner. While the role of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) on antigen-specific T cell responses is extensively characterized, its role in bystander T cell responses is less clear. We examined the role of the PD-1 pathway during human and mouse non-antigen-specific memory T cell bystander activation and observed that PD-1+ T cells demonstrated less activation and proliferation than activated PD-1- populations in vitro. Higher activation and proliferative responses were also observed in the PD-1- memory population in both mice and patients with cancer receiving high-dose IL-2, mirroring the in vitro phenotypes. This inhibitory effect of PD-1 could be reversed by PD-1 blockade in vivo or observed using memory T cells from PD-1-/- mice. Interestingly, increased activation through abrogation of PD-1 signaling in bystander-activated T cells also resulted in increased apoptosis due to activation-induced cell death (AICD) and eventual T cell loss in vivo. These results demonstrate that the PD-1/PD-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway inhibited bystander-activated memory T cell responses but also protected cells from AICD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lam T. Khuat
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Isabel Barao
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Sean J. Judge
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ethan G. Aguilar
- Masonic Cancer Center, and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brendan Curti
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute at the Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Maneesh Dave
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Dan L. Longo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Masonic Cancer Center, and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert J. Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | | | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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21
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Lan X, Zebley CC, Youngblood B. Cellular and molecular waypoints along the path of T cell exhaustion. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg3868. [PMID: 37656775 PMCID: PMC10618911 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg3868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years of foundational research investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms promoting T cell exhaustion are now enabling rational design of T cell-based therapies for the treatment of chronic infections and cancer. Once described as a static cell fate, it is now well appreciated that the developmental path toward exhaustion is composed of a heterogeneous pool of cells with varying degrees of effector potential that ultimately converge on a terminally differentiated state. Recent description of the developmental stages along the differentiation trajectory of T cell exhaustion has provided insight into past immunotherapeutic success and future opportunities. Here, we discuss the hallmarks of distinct developmental stages occurring along the path to T cell dysfunction and the impact of these discrete CD8+ T cell fates on cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Caitlin C. Zebley
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ben Youngblood
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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22
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Ueyama A, Nogami W, Nashiki K, Haruna M, Miwa H, Hagiwara M, Nagira M, Wada H, Nagira Y. Immunotherapy Targeting CCR8+ Regulatory T Cells Induces Antitumor Effects via Dramatic Changes to the Intratumor CD8+ T Cell Profile. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:673-682. [PMID: 37350632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the formation of a tumor-immunosuppressive microenvironment. CCR8 is reportedly selectively expressed in tumor Tregs, and an anti-CCR8 Ab can exert potent antitumor effects by eliminating intratumor Tregs in murine tumor models. In this study, we analyzed changes to intratumor immunity after anti-CCR8 Ab administration, especially in CD8+ T cells, which are involved in cancer cell killing, using the CT26 colorectal carcinoma mouse model. Immunophenotyping of tumor-infiltrating cells by mass cytometry after Ab administration on day 5 of tumor inoculation revealed that CD8+ T cell subsets were dramatically altered in the CCR8 Ab-treated group, with an increase in naive cells and nonexhausted effector cells and a decrease in exhausted cells with high expression levels of TOX. These results were corroborated with flow cytometry analysis. Delayed administration of the anti-CCR8 Ab on day 9 or 12, when the amount of CCR8+ Tregs and CD8+ T cell exhaustion were more progressed, also resulted in a decrease in exhausted CD8+ T cells, leading to tumor regression. Finally, we confirmed that high CCR8+ Treg infiltration was associated with high TOX expression in CD8+ T cells in human cancer patients. In conclusion, administration of an anti-CCR8 Ab can dramatically alter the activation and exhaustion state of intratumor CD8+ T cells, resulting in strong antitumor effects. In cancer patients with an advanced tumor-immunosuppressive environment, CD8+ T cell exhaustion has progressed along with CCR8+ Treg induction. Therefore, targeted depletion of CCR8+ Tregs is expected to be effective in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azumi Ueyama
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Nogami
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kunitaka Nashiki
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Miya Haruna
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaki Hagiwara
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Morio Nagira
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Wada
- Department of Clinical Research in Tumor Immunology, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagira
- Laboratory for Bio-Drug Discovery, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Japan
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23
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Humblin E, Korpas I, Lu J, Filipescu D, van der Heide V, Goldstein S, Vaidya A, Soares-Schanoski A, Casati B, Selvan ME, Gümüş ZH, Wieland A, Corrado M, Cohen-Gould L, Bernstein E, Homann D, Chipuk J, Kamphorst AO. Sustained CD28 costimulation is required for self-renewal and differentiation of TCF-1 + PD-1 + CD8 T cells. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadg0878. [PMID: 37624910 PMCID: PMC10805182 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
During persistent antigen stimulation, such as in chronic infections and cancer, CD8 T cells differentiate into a hypofunctional programmed death protein 1-positive (PD-1+) exhausted state. Exhausted CD8 T cell responses are maintained by precursors (Tpex) that express the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) and high levels of the costimulatory molecule CD28. Here, we demonstrate that sustained CD28 costimulation is required for maintenance of antiviral T cells during chronic infection. Low-level CD28 engagement preserved mitochondrial fitness and self-renewal of Tpex, whereas stronger CD28 signaling enhanced glycolysis and promoted Tpex differentiation into TCF-1neg exhausted CD8 T cells (Tex). Furthermore, enhanced differentiation by CD28 engagement did not reduce the Tpex pool. Together, these findings demonstrate that continuous CD28 engagement is needed to sustain PD-1+ CD8 T cells and suggest that increasing CD28 signaling promotes Tpex differentiation into more functional effector-like Tex, possibly without compromising long-term responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Humblin
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Isabel Korpas
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiahua Lu
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dan Filipescu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Verena van der Heide
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Simon Goldstein
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Abishek Vaidya
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alessandra Soares-Schanoski
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Beatrice Casati
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Zeynep H. Gümüş
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC – James, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mauro Corrado
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) and Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Leona Cohen-Gould
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dirk Homann
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jerry Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alice O. Kamphorst
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai - ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, ISMMS; New York, NY 10029, USA
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24
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Senjo H, Harada S, Kubota SI, Tanaka Y, Tateno T, Zhang Z, Okada S, Chen X, Kikuchi R, Miyashita N, Onozawa M, Goto H, Endo T, Hasegawa Y, Ohigashi H, Ara T, Hasegawa Y, Murakami M, Teshima T, Hashimoto D. Calcineurin inhibitor inhibits tolerance induction by suppressing terminal exhaustion of donor T cells after allo-HCT. Blood 2023; 142:477-492. [PMID: 37216687 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023019875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitor-based graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis is standard in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) but fails to induce long-term tolerance without chronic GVHD (cGVHD) in a considerable number of patients. In this study, we addressed this long-standing question in mouse models of HCT. After HCT, alloreactive donor T cells rapidly differentiated into PD-1+ TIGIT+ terminally exhausted T cells (terminal Tex). GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine (CSP) suppressed donor T-cell expression of TOX, a master regulator to promote differentiation of transitory exhausted T cells (transitory Tex), expressing both inhibitory receptors and effector molecules, into terminal Tex, and inhibited tolerance induction. Adoptive transfer of transitory Tex, but not terminal Tex, into secondary recipients developed cGVHD. Transitory Tex maintained alloreactivity and thus PD-1 blockade restored graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity of transitory Tex and not terminal Tex. In conclusion, CSP inhibits tolerance induction by suppressing the terminal exhaustion of donor T cells, while maintaining GVL effects to suppress leukemia relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Senjo
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Harada
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tateno
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satomi Okada
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xuanzhong Chen
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kikuchi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Miyashita
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Onozawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Goto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Endo
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Hasegawa
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohigashi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahide Ara
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Biological Response Analysis, Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daigo Hashimoto
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Szebeni GJ, Alföldi R, Nagy LI, Neuperger P, Gémes N, Balog JÁ, Tiszlavicz L, Puskás LG. Introduction of an Ultraviolet C-Irradiated 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer Whole-Cell Vaccine Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1254. [PMID: 37515069 PMCID: PMC10386199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatments. However, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may entail severe side effects, with the risk of therapeutic resistance. The generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells or CAR-NK cells requires specialized molecular laboratories, is costly, and is difficult to adapt to the rapidly growing number of cancer patients. To provide a simpler but effective immune therapy, a whole-cell tumor vaccine protocol was established based on ultraviolet C (UCV)-irradiated 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The apoptosis of tumor cells after UVC irradiation was verified using resazurin and Annexin V/propidium iodide flow cytometric assays. Protective immunity was achieved in immunized BALB/c mice, showing partial remission. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes or plasma from the mice in remission showed a protective effect in the naive BALB/c mice that received a living 4T1 tumor cell injection. 4T1-specific IgG antibodies were recorded in the plasma of the mice following immunization with the whole-cell vaccine. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and oligonucleotide 2006 (ODN2006) adjuvants were used for the transfer of splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice into cyclophosphamide-treated BALB/c mice, resulting in prolonged survival, reduced tumor growth, and remission in 33% of the cases, without the development of the graft-versus-host disease. Our approach offers a simple, cost-effective whole-cell vaccine protocol that can be administered to immunocompetent healthy organisms. The plasma or the adoptive transfer of HLA-matching immunized donor-derived leukocytes could be used as an immune cell therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Ady E. u. 14, H7761 Kozármisleny, Hungary
| | - Róbert Alföldi
- AstridBio Technologies Ltd., Wimmer Fülöp utca 1, H6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos I Nagy
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Állomás u. 2, H6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Avidin Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Wang YA, Ranti D, Bieber C, Galsky M, Bhardwaj N, Sfakianos JP, Horowitz A. NK Cell-Targeted Immunotherapies in Bladder Cancer: Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitors. Bladder Cancer 2023; 9:125-139. [PMID: 38993289 PMCID: PMC11181717 DOI: 10.3233/blc-220109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, immunotherapies have been integral for the treatment and management of bladder cancer, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) transforming patient care in recent years. However, response rates are poor to T cell-targeted ICIs such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking antibodies, framing a critical need for complementary immunotherapies. Promising strategies involve harnessing the activation potential of natural killer (NK) cells. They quickly exert their antitumor activity via signaling through germline-encoded activating receptors and are rapidly sensitized to new tissue microenvironments via their regulation by polymorphic HLA class I, KIR and NKG2A receptors. OBJECTIVE In this review, we examined the roles of currently available NK-targeted antitumor treatment strategies such as engineered viral vectors, small-molecule IMiDs, NK agonist antibodies, interleukins, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells, and their potential for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer. METHODS Through review of current literature, we summarized our knowledge of NK cells in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies as their roles pertain to novel immunotherapies already being applied to the treatment of bladder cancer or that offer rationale for considering as potential novel immunotherapeutic strategies. RESULTS NK cells play a critical role in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can be exploited to improve T cell-targeted immunotherapies. CONCLUSIONS Emerging evidence suggests that NK cells are a prime target for improving antitumor functions in immunotherapies for the treatment of bladder cancer. Further research into profiling NK cells in settings of immunotherapies for bladder cancer could help identify patients who might maximally benefit from NK cell-targeted immunotherapies and the various approaches for exploiting their antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuo A Wang
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Ranti
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine Bieber
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Galsky
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir Horowitz
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Tian W, Qin G, Jia M, Li W, Cai W, Wang H, Zhao Y, Bao X, Wei W, Zhang Y, Shao Q. Hierarchical transcriptional network governing heterogeneous T cell exhaustion and its implications for immune checkpoint blockade. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1198551. [PMID: 37398674 PMCID: PMC10311999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1198551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fundamental principle of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is to protect tumor-infiltrating T cells from being exhausted. Despite the remarkable success achieved by ICB treatment, only a small group of patients benefit from it. Characterized by a hypofunctional state with the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors, exhausted T (Tex) cells are a major obstacle in improving ICB. T cell exhaustion is a progressive process which adapts to persistent antigen stimulation in chronic infections and cancers. In this review, we elucidate the heterogeneity of Tex cells and offer new insights into the hierarchical transcriptional regulation of T cell exhaustion. Factors and signaling pathways that induce and promote exhaustion are also summarized. Moreover, we review the epigenetic and metabolic alterations of Tex cells and discuss how PD-1 signaling affects the balance between T cell activation and exhaustion, aiming to provide more therapeutic targets for applications of combinational immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaofeng Qin
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wuhao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Cai
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangjing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangzhi Wei
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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28
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LaPorte KM, Hernandez R, Santos Savio A, Malek TR. Robust IL-2-dependent antitumor immunotherapy requires targeting the high-affinity IL-2R on tumor-specific CD8 + T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006611. [PMID: 37270181 PMCID: PMC10255137 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of interleukin (IL)-2-dependent antitumor responses focus on targeting the intermediate affinity IL-2R to stimulate memory-phenotypic CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells while minimizing regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion. However, this approach may not effectively engage tumor-specific T effector cells. Since tumor-antigen specific T cells upregulate the high-affinity IL-2R, we tested an IL-2 biologic, mouse IL-2/CD25, with selectivity toward the high-affinity IL-2R to support antitumor responses to tumors that vary in their immunogenicity. METHODS Mice were first implanted with either CT26, MC38, B16.F10, or 4T1 and after a tumor mass developed, they were treated with high-dose (HD) mouse (m)IL-2/CD25 alone or in combination with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade. Tumor growth was monitored and in parallel the immune signature in the tumor microenvironment (TME) was determined by a combination of multiparameter flow cytometry, functional assays, and enumeration of tumor-reactive T cells. RESULTS We show that HD mIL-2/CD25, which preferentially stimulates the high-affinity IL-2R, but not IL-2/anti-IL-2 complexes with preferential activity toward the intermediate-affinity IL-2R, supports vigorous antitumor responses to immunogenic tumors as a monotherapy that were enhanced when combined with anti-PD-1. Treatment of CT26-bearing mice with HD mIL-2/CD25 led to a high CD8+:Treg ratio in the TME, increased frequency and function of tumor-specific CD8+ T effector cells with a less exhausted phenotype, and antitumor memory responses. CONCLUSIONS Targeting the high-affinity IL-2R on tumor-specific T cells with HD mIL-2/CD25 alone or with PD-1 blockade supports antitumor responses, where the resulting memory response may afford long-term protection against tumor re-emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rosmely Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alicia Santos Savio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Martomo SA, Patel J. Evaluation of the clinical molecule anti-human-PD-L1/IL-15 KD033 in the human-PD-1/PD-L1-expressing murine model demonstrates PD-L1 targeting of IL-15 in vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:1941-1950. [PMID: 36454338 PMCID: PMC10198867 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
KD033 is a clinical-stage immunocytokine composed of a high-affinity anti-human-PD-L1 antibody and the human IL-15/ IL-15 receptor sushi-domain complex. We have previously shown that KD033-surrogate, the anti-mouse-PD-L1/IL-15 immunocytokine, was efficacious in several syngeneic murine tumor models including those that were refractory to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockers. KD033-surrogate showed better efficacy than the combination treatment of its component, anti-PD-L1 antibody with the non-targeting IL-15. KD033-surrogate was also efficacious in both low and high PD-L1-expressing tumors. In this study, we have utilized double knock-in mice expressing functional human PD-1/PD-L1 to show that the clinical molecule, KD033, reproduced the anti-tumor efficacy observed with KD033-surrogate in the syngeneic models. KD033 was equally efficacious in reducing the growth of human-PD-L1 positive (hPDL1+) and negative (hPDL1-) MC38 murine tumors. We observed similar peripheral pharmacodynamics changes in KD033-treated mice bearing either hPDL1+ or hPDL1- MC38 tumors. However, different transcriptomic profiles were observed between KD033-treated hPDL1+ and hPDL1- MC38 tumors with marked changes involving mostly downregulated genes in hPDL1- tumors in addition to the immune-related genes changes observed in both hPDL1+ and hPDL1- MC38 tumors. Cytotoxic and myeloid cell signatures were upregulated in both tumors with relatively greater increases observed in hPDL1- MC38 tumors. These effects of KD033 treatment in PD-L1 positive and negative tumors demonstrate the role of PD-L1 in targeting of IL-15 cytokine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A Martomo
- Kadmon Corporation, a Sanofi Company, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Jeegar Patel
- Kadmon Corporation, a Sanofi Company, 450 East 29th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Cho NS, Hagiwara A, Yao J, Nathanson DA, Prins RM, Wang C, Raymond C, Desousa BR, Divakaruni A, Morrow DH, Nghiemphu PL, Lai A, Liau LM, Everson RG, Salamon N, Pope WB, Cloughesy TF, Ellingson BM. Amine-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging in brain tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4785. [PMID: 35704275 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amine-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is particularly valuable as an amine- and pH-sensitive imaging technique in brain tumors, targeting the intrinsically high concentration of amino acids with exchangeable amine protons and reduced extracellular pH in brain tumors. Amine-weighted CEST MRI contrast is dependent on the glioma genotype, likely related to differences in degree of malignancy and metabolic behavior. Amine-weighted CEST MRI may provide complementary value to anatomic imaging in conventional and exploratory therapies in brain tumors, including chemoradiation, antiangiogenic therapies, and immunotherapies. Continual improvement and clinical testing of amine-weighted CEST MRI has the potential to greatly impact patients with brain tumors by understanding vulnerabilities in the tumor microenvironment that may be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Cho
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jingwen Yao
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert M Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chencai Wang
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Catalina Raymond
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brandon R Desousa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ajit Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Danielle H Morrow
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Phioanh L Nghiemphu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Brain Tumor Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Brain Tumor Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linda M Liau
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard G Everson
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noriko Salamon
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Whitney B Pope
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Brain Tumor Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- UCLA Brain Tumor Imaging Laboratory (BTIL), Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- UCLA Brain Tumor Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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31
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Onyshchenko K, Luo R, Guffart E, Gaedicke S, Grosu AL, Firat E, Niedermann G. Expansion of circulating stem-like CD8 + T cells by adding CD122-directed IL-2 complexes to radiation and anti-PD1 therapies in mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2087. [PMID: 37045833 PMCID: PMC10097749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination of radiation therapy (RT) with immune checkpoint blockade can enhance systemic anti-tumor T cell responses. Here, using two mouse tumor models, we demonstrate that adding long-acting CD122-directed IL-2 complexes (IL-2c) to RT/anti-PD1 further increases tumor-specific CD8+ T cell numbers. The highest increase (>50-fold) is found in the blood circulation. Compartmental analysis of exhausted T cell subsets shows that primarily undifferentiated, stem-like, tumor-specific CD8+ T cells expand in the blood; these cells express the chemokine receptor CXCR3, which is required for migration into tumors. In tumor tissue, effector-like but not terminally differentiated exhausted CD8+ T cells increase. Consistent with the surge in tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in blood that are migration and proliferation competent, we observe a CD8-dependent and CXCR3-dependent enhancement of the abscopal effect against distant/non-irradiated tumors and find that CD8+ T cells isolated from blood after RT/anti-PD1/IL-2c triple treatment can be a rich source of tumor-specific T cells for adoptive transfers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Adoptive Transfer/methods
- Apoptosis
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/radiation effects
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/radiation effects
- Colonic Neoplasms/blood
- Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Colonic Neoplasms/immunology
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor beta Subunit/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/cytology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/radiotherapy
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Onyshchenko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ren Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Elena Guffart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Gaedicke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Firat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Ford BR, Poholek AC. Regulation and Immunotherapeutic Targeting of the Epigenome in Exhausted CD8 T Cell Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:869-879. [PMID: 36947818 PMCID: PMC10037537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Exhaustion is a state of CD8 T cell differentiation that occurs in settings of chronic Ag such as tumors, chronic viral infection, and autoimmunity. Cellular differentiation is driven by a series of environmental signals that promote epigenetic landscapes that set transcriptomes needed for function. For CD8 T cells, the epigenome that underlies exhaustion is distinct from effector and memory cell differentiation, suggesting that signals early on set in motion a process where the epigenome is modified to promote a trajectory toward a dysfunctional state. Although we know many signals that promote exhaustion, putting this in the context of the epigenetic changes that occur during differentiation has been less clear. In this review, we aim to summarize the epigenetic changes associated with exhaustion in the context of signals that promote it, highlighting immunotherapeutic studies that support these observations or areas for future therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rhodes Ford
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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33
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Zhu W, Li Y, Han M, Jiang J. Regulatory Mechanisms and Reversal of CD8+T Cell Exhaustion: A Literature Review. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040541. [PMID: 37106742 PMCID: PMC10135681 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
CD8+T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction during chronic infection and tumor progression. Exhausted CD8+T cells are characterized by low effector function, high expression of inhibitory receptors, unique metabolic patterns, and altered transcriptional profiles. Recently, advances in understanding and interfering with the regulatory mechanisms associated with T cell exhaustion in tumor immunotherapy have brought greater attention to the field. Therefore, we emphasize the typical features and related mechanisms of CD8+T cell exhaustion and particularly the potential for its reversal, which has clinical implications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Yiming Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Mingwei Han
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Jianli Jiang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710000, China
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34
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Gurung P, Lim J, Shrestha R, Kim YW. Chlorin e6-associated photodynamic therapy enhances abscopal antitumor effects via inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4647. [PMID: 36944686 PMCID: PMC10030802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) enhances antitumor abscopal effects via inhibition of the programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint. By using syngeneic melanoma and pancreatic tumor mouse models, we studied the Ce6-PDT-induced immune responses in local and distant tumor microenvironments. In addition, the Ce6-PDT's target in the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction was analyzed in MC38-hPD-L1 colon cancer and PD-1 expressing Jurkat T cell coculture. The tumors in the irradiated and non-irradiated sites in the abscopal effective (Abseff) group of both mouse models were regressed, proving the abscopal effect. The immunogenic effect in the Abseff group was associated with an expansion of T cell and other immune cells infiltration without changes in the CD39+ population in either the right or left tumors compared to control group. Furthermore, the abscopal ineffective (Absineff) group demonstrated lesser increase of T cells, decreased immune cell infiltration, and increased CD39-expressing Treg cells without suppression of tumor growth. In the coculture with PD-1-expressing Jurkat T cell, Ce6-PDT efficiently suppressed the PD-1/PD-L1 interactions by increasing the proliferation and cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells while decreasing CD39-expressing Treg cells in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, the inhibition of PD-1/PD-L1 interactions was also correlated with the increased production of IL-2 and Granzyme B. Our findings imply that Ce6-PDT is a promising immunotherapy with the potential to improve the abscopal effect.
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Grants
- (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), (S3034405) The Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), and the Technology development Program (S3034405) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS, Korea).
- (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), (S3034405) The Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), and the Technology development Program (S3034405) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS, Korea).
- (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), (S3034405) The Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), and the Technology development Program (S3034405) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS, Korea).
- (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), (S3034405) The Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Health & Welfare, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) (NTIS Number: 1711174319, RS-2020-KD000106), and the Technology development Program (S3034405) funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS, Korea).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Gurung
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Junmo Lim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Rajeev Shrestha
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu, 41061, South Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Dongsung Cancer Center, Dongsung Biopharmaceutical, Daegu, 41061, South Korea.
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35
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Dendritic cell-mimicking scaffolds for ex vivo T cell expansion. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:241-252. [PMID: 36157246 PMCID: PMC9474324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an ex vivo T cell expansion system that mimics natural antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Microfiber scaffolds coated with dendritic cell (DC) membrane replicate physicochemical properties of dendritic cells specific for T cell activation such as rapid recognition by T cells, long duration of T cell tethering, and DC-specific co-stimulatory cues. The DC membrane-coated scaffold is first surface-immobilized with T cell stimulatory ligands, anti-CD3 (αCD3) and anti-CD28 (αCD28) antibodies, followed by adsorption of releasable interleukin-2 (IL-2). The scaffolds present both surface and soluble cues to T cells ex vivo in the same way that these cues are presented by natural APCs in vivo. We demonstrate that the DC-mimicking scaffold promotes greater polyclonal expansion of primary human T cells as compared to αCD3/αCD28-functionalized Dynabead. More importantly, major histocompatibility complex molecules derived from the DC membrane of the scaffold allow antigen-specific T cell expansion with target cell-specific killing ability. In addition, most of the expanded T cells (∼97%) can be harvested from the scaffold by density gradient centrifugation. Overall, the DC-mimicking scaffold offers a scalable, modular, and customizable platform for rapid expansion of highly functional T cells for ACT. The scaffold mimics physicochemical properties of natural antigen-presenting cells. The scaffold presents T cell stimulatory cues as antigen-presenting cell does. This platform supports both polyclonal and antigen-specific T cell expansion. This platform offers a large-scale manufacturing system for adoptive cell therapy.
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36
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Silk AW, Curti B, Bryan J, Saunders T, Shih W, Kane MP, Hannon P, Fountain C, Felcher J, Zloza A, Kaufman HL, Mehnert JM, McDermott DF. A phase Ib study of interleukin-2 plus pembrolizumab for patients with advanced melanoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1108341. [PMID: 36845705 PMCID: PMC9949373 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1108341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction High-dose interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) and pembrolizumab are each approved as single agents by the U.S. F.D.A. for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. There is limited data using the agents concurrently. The objectives of this study were to characterize the safety profile of IL-2 in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Methods In this Phase Ib study, patients received pembrolizumab (200 mg IV every 3 weeks) and escalating doses of IL-2 (6,000 or 60,000 or 600,000 IU/kg IV bolus every 8 hours up to 14 doses per cycle) in cohorts of 3 patients. Prior treatment with a PD-1 blocking antibody was allowed. The primary endpoint was the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of IL-2 when co-administered with pembrolizumab. Results Ten participants were enrolled, and 9 participants were evaluable for safety and efficacy. The majority of the evaluable participants (8/9) had been treated with PD-1 blocking antibody prior to enrollment. Patients received a median of 42, 22, and 9 doses of IL-2 in the low, intermediate, and high dose cohorts, respectively. Adverse events were more frequent with increasing doses of IL-2. No dose limiting toxicities were observed. The MTD of IL-2 was not reached. One partial response occurred in 9 patients (11%). The responding patient, who had received treatment with an anti-PD-1 prior to study entry, was treated in the HD IL-2 cohort. Discussion Although the sample size was small, HD IL-2 therapy in combination with pembrolizumab appears feasible and tolerable. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02748564.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann W. Silk
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,*Correspondence: Ann W. Silk,
| | - Brendan Curti
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jennifer Bryan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Virginia Mason Cancer Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tracie Saunders
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Weichung Shih
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michael P. Kane
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Phoebe Hannon
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christopher Fountain
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jessica Felcher
- Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andrew Zloza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Rush University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Howard L. Kaufman
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Ankyra Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Janice M. Mehnert
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David F. McDermott
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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37
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Ni JJ, Zhang ZZ, Ge MJ, Chen JY, Zhuo W. Immune-based combination therapy to convert immunologically cold tumors into hot tumors: an update and new insights. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:288-307. [PMID: 35927312 PMCID: PMC9889774 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a breakthrough strategy for cancer treatment, immunotherapy mainly consists of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and other immunomodulatory drugs that provide a durable protective antitumor response by stimulating the immune system to fight cancer. However, due to the low response rate and unique toxicity profiles of immunotherapy, the strategies of combining immunotherapy with other therapies have attracted enormous attention. These combinations are designed to exert potent antitumor effects by regulating different processes in the cancer-immunity cycle. To date, immune-based combination therapy has achieved encouraging results in numerous clinical trials and has received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for certain cancers with more studies underway. This review summarizes the emerging strategies of immune-based combination therapy, including combinations with another immunotherapeutic strategy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, targeted therapy, bacterial therapy, and stroma-targeted therapy. Here, we highlight the rationale of immune-based combination therapy, the biomarkers and the clinical progress for these immune-based combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Ni
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zi-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming-Jie Ge
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jing-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Department of Cell Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Institution of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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38
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Tichet M, Wullschleger S, Chryplewicz A, Fournier N, Marcone R, Kauzlaric A, Homicsko K, Deak LC, Umaña P, Klein C, Hanahan D. Bispecific PD1-IL2v and anti-PD-L1 break tumor immunity resistance by enhancing stem-like tumor-reactive CD8 + T cells and reprogramming macrophages. Immunity 2023; 56:162-179.e6. [PMID: 36630914 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapies have shown remarkable, albeit tumor-selective, therapeutic benefits in the clinic. Most patients respond transiently at best, highlighting the importance of understanding mechanisms underlying resistance. Herein, we evaluated the effects of the engineered immunocytokine PD1-IL2v in a mouse model of de novo pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer that is resistant to checkpoint and other immunotherapies. PD1-IL2v utilizes anti-PD-1 as a targeting moiety fused to an immuno-stimulatory IL-2 cytokine variant (IL2v) to precisely deliver IL2v to PD-1+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. PD1-IL2v elicited substantial infiltration by stem-like CD8+ T cells, resulting in tumor regression and enhanced survival in mice. Combining anti-PD-L1 with PD1-IL2v sustained the response phase, improving therapeutic efficacy both by reprogramming immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages and enhancing T cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire diversity. These data provide a rationale for clinical trials to evaluate the combination therapy of PD1-IL2v and anti-PD-L1, particularly in immunotherapy-resistant tumors infiltrated with PD-1+ stem-like T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Tichet
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Translational Cancer Research Center, Rue du Bugnon 25A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Wullschleger
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Agnieszka Chryplewicz
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Translational Cancer Research Center, Rue du Bugnon 25A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Fournier
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Marcone
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Kauzlaric
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Translational Cancer Research Center, Rue du Bugnon 25A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Oncology, CHUV, 46 Rue Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Center for Personalized Oncology, CHUV, 46 Rue Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche-Innovation Center Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Douglas Hanahan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Center Leman (SCCL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Agora Translational Cancer Research Center, Rue du Bugnon 25A, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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39
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Hudson WH, Wieland A. Technology meets TILs: Deciphering T cell function in the -omics era. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:41-57. [PMID: 36206755 PMCID: PMC9839604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
T cells are at the center of cancer immunology because of their ability to recognize mutations in tumor cells and directly mediate cancer cell killing. Immunotherapies to rejuvenate exhausted T cell responses have transformed the clinical management of several malignancies. In parallel, the development of novel multidimensional analysis platforms, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and high-dimensional flow cytometry, has yielded unprecedented insights into immune cell biology. This convergence has revealed substantial heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in single tumors, across tumor types, and among individuals with cancer. Here we discuss the opportunities and challenges of studying the complex tumor microenvironment with -omics technologies that generate vast amounts of data, highlighting the opportunities and limitations of these technologies with a particular focus on interpreting high-dimensional studies of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Hudson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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40
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Sznol M, Rizvi N. Teaching an old dog new tricks: re-engineering IL-2 for immuno-oncology applications. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006346. [PMID: 36609489 PMCID: PMC9827269 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Various approaches are being explored to address the unmet medical need among patients with advanced cancer who do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Interleukin-2 has become a prominent focus of preclinical and clinical investigation, because of its known clinical activity, the important role of this cytokine in immune biology, and the ability to engineer variant proteins with potentially improved antitumor immunomodulatory activity and reduced toxicity. Bempegaldesleukin, the first of the modified IL-2 agents to reach phase 3 evaluation in combination with an anti-PD-1, did not improve outcome for patients with metastatic melanoma and renal carcinoma. The disappointing data raise important questions about the potential efficacy of other interleukin-2 variants, however, several of the other variants appear to be sufficiently differentiated in anticipated pharmacokinetic properties and immune modulatory effects to warrant continued clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sznol
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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41
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Chi X, Luo S, Ye P, Hwang WL, Cha JH, Yan X, Yang WH. T-cell exhaustion and stemness in antitumor immunity: Characteristics, mechanisms, and implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104771. [PMID: 36891319 PMCID: PMC9986432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play a crucial role in the regulation of immune response and are integral to the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Because immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for cancer, increasing attention has been focused on the differentiation and function of T cells in immune response. In this review, we describe the research progress on T-cell exhaustion and stemness in the field of cancer immunotherapy and summarize advances in potential strategies to intervene and treat chronic infection and cancer by reversing T-cell exhaustion and maintaining and increasing T-cell stemness. Moreover, we discuss therapeutic strategies to overcome T-cell immunodeficiency in the tumor microenvironment and promote continuous breakthroughs in the anticancer activity of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Chi
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute and Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shahang Luo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute and Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and Program in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute and Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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42
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Roy R, Singh SK, Misra S. Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010059. [PMID: 36679904 PMCID: PMC9861770 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work has suggested involvement of the immune system in biological therapies specifically targeting tumor microenvironment. Substantial advancement in the treatment of malignant tumors utilizing immune cells, most importantly T cells that play a key role in cell-mediated immunity, have led to success in clinical trials. Therefore, this article focuses on the therapeutic approaches and developmental strategies to treat cancer. This review emphasizes the immunomodulatory response, the involvement of key tumor-infiltrating cells, the mechanistic aspects, and prognostic biomarkers. We also cover recent advancements in therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Roy
- UICentre for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Sweta Misra
- UICentre for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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43
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Shen J, Zou Z, Guo J, Cai Y, Xue D, Liang Y, Wang W, Peng H, Fu YX. An engineered concealed IL-15-R elicits tumor-specific CD8+T cell responses through PD-1-cis delivery. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213502. [PMID: 36165896 PMCID: PMC9521244 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy releases the inhibition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) but weakly induces TIL proliferation. Exogenous IL-15 could further expand TILs and thus synergize with αPD-L1 therapy. However, systemic delivery of IL-15 extensively expands peripheral NK cells, causing severe toxicity. To redirect IL-15 to intratumoral PD-1+CD8+T effector cells instead of NK cells for better tumor control and lower toxicity, we engineered an anti-PD-1 fusion with IL-15-IL-15Rα, whose activity was geographically concealed by immunoglobulin Fc region with an engineered linker (αPD-1-IL-15-R) to bypass systemic NK cells. Systematic administration of αPD-1-IL-15-R elicited extraordinary antitumor efficacy with undetectable toxicity. Mechanistically, cis-delivery of αPD-1-IL-15-R vastly expands tumor-specific CD8+T cells for tumor rejection. Additionally, αPD-1-IL-15-R upregulated PD-1 and IL-15Rβ on T cells to create a feedforward activation loop, thus rejuvenating TILs, not only resulting in tumor control in situ, but also suppressing tumor metastasis. Collectively, renavigating IL-15 to tumor-specific PD-1+CD8+T cells, αPD-1-IL-15-R elicits effective systemic antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zou
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Diyuan Xue
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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44
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Chow A, Perica K, Klebanoff CA, Wolchok JD. Clinical implications of T cell exhaustion for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:775-790. [PMID: 36216928 PMCID: PMC10984554 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been a remarkable clinical advancement in the treatment of cancer. T cells are pivotal to the efficacy of current cancer immunotherapies, including immune-checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies. However, cancer is associated with T cell exhaustion, a hypofunctional state characterized by progressive loss of T cell effector functions and self-renewal capacity. The 'un-exhausting' of T cells in the tumour microenvironment is commonly regarded as a key mechanism of action for immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and T cell exhaustion is considered a pathway of resistance for cellular immunotherapies. Several elegant studies have provided important insights into the transcriptional and epigenetic programmes that govern T cell exhaustion. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries related to the immunobiology of T cell exhaustion that offer a more nuanced perspective beyond this hypofunctional state being entirely undesirable. We review evidence that T cell exhaustion might be as much a reflection as it is the cause of poor tumour control. Furthermore, we hypothesize that, in certain contexts of chronic antigen stimulation, interruption of the exhaustion programme might impair T cell persistence. Therefore, the prioritization of interventions that mitigate the development of T cell exhaustion, including orthogonal cytoreduction therapies and novel cellular engineering strategies, might ultimately confer superior clinical outcomes and the greatest advances in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chow
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Karlo Perica
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher A Klebanoff
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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45
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Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Autoimmune disorders associated with common variable immunodeficiency: prediction, diagnosis, and treatment. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:1265-1283. [PMID: 36197300 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2132938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. Due to the wide spectrum of the CVID manifestations, the differential diagnosis becomes complicated, ends in a diagnostic delay and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Autoimmunity is one of the important complications associated with CVID. While immunoglobulin replacement therapy has considerably decreased the mortality rate in CVID patients, mainly infection-related mortality, other complications such as autoimmunity appeared prevalent and, in some cases, life threatening. AREAS COVERED In this article, genetics, responsible immune defects, autoimmune manifestations in different organs, and the diagnosis and treatment processes in CVID patients are reviewed, after searching the literature about these topics. EXPERT OPINION Considering the many phenotypes of CVID and the fact that it remained undiagnosed until older ages, it is important to include various manifestations of CVID in the differential diagnosis. Due to the different manifestations of CVID, including autoimmune diseases, interdisciplinary collaboration of physicians from different fields is highly recommended, as discussed in the manuscript. Meanwhile, it is important to determine which patients could benefit from genetic diagnostic studies since such studies are not necessary for establishing the diagnosis of CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Yazdanpanah
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Nah J, Seong RH. Krüppel-like factor 4 regulates the cytolytic effector function of exhausted CD8 T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9346. [PMID: 36427304 PMCID: PMC9699681 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic inflammatory responses against viral infections and cancer are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous. In particular, CD8 T cells with cytolytic effector function have been recently identified among the exhausted CD8 T cell subsets. However, the regulation of their differentiation and function remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a critical regulator of the exhaustion process, promoting the cytolytic effector function of exhausted CD8 T cells. KLF4-expressing CD8 T cells in exhaustion contexts showed the features of transitory effector CD8 T cells. Enforced KLF4 expression increased CD8 T cell differentiation into transitory effector subsets and enhanced their antitumor immunity. We further demonstrated that KLF4 also showed a capacity of reinvigorating exhausted CD8 T cells. Last, high KLF4 expression was positively correlated with a favorable prognosis in human patients with cancer. Our study highlights the potential impacts of KLF4 on CD8 T cell exhaustion and antitumor immune therapy.
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47
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Zhao B, Gong W, Ma A, Chen J, Velegraki M, Dong H, Liu Z, Wang L, Okimoto T, Jones DM, Lei YL, Long M, Oestreich KJ, Ma Q, Xin G, Carbone DP, He K, Li Z, Wen H. SUSD2 suppresses CD8 + T cell antitumor immunity by targeting IL-2 receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1588-1599. [PMID: 36266363 PMCID: PMC9669207 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells, which have defective production of antitumor effectors, represent a major mediator of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that SUSD2 is a negative regulator of CD8+ T cell antitumor function. Susd2-/- effector CD8+ T cells showed enhanced production of antitumor molecules, which consequently blunted tumor growth in multiple syngeneic mouse tumor models. Through a quantitative mass spectrometry assay, we found that SUSD2 interacted with interleukin (IL)-2 receptor α through sushi domain-dependent protein interactions and that this interaction suppressed the binding of IL-2, an essential cytokine for the effector functions of CD8+ T cells, to IL-2 receptor α. SUSD2 was not expressed on regulatory CD4+ T cells and did not affect the inhibitory function of these cells. Adoptive transfer of Susd2-/- chimeric antigen receptor T cells induced a robust antitumor response in mice, highlighting the potential of SUSD2 as an immunotherapy target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhao
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Weipeng Gong
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jianwen Chen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria Velegraki
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hong Dong
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lingling Wang
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tamio Okimoto
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Devin M Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meixiao Long
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qin Ma
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gang Xin
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kai He
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Haitao Wen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Infectious Disease Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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48
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Lak S, Janelle V, Djedid A, Boudreau G, Brasey A, Lisi V, Smaani A, Carli C, Busque L, Lavallée VP, Delisle JS. Combined PD-L1 and TIM3 blockade improves expansion of fit human CD8 + antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:230-245. [PMID: 36320412 PMCID: PMC9593254 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific T cell expansion ex vivo followed by adoptive transfer enables targeting of a multitude of microbial and cancer antigens. However, clinical-scale T cell expansion from rare precursors requires repeated stimulation, which may lead to T cell dysfunction and limited therapeutic potential. We used a clinically compliant protocol to expand Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, and leveraged T cell exhaustion-associated inhibitory receptor blockade to improve T cell expansion. Several inhibitory receptors were expressed early by ex vivo-expanded antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, including PD-1 and TIM3, with co-expression matching evidence of T cell dysfunction as the cultures progressed. Introduction of anti-PD-L1 and anti-TIM3 blockade in combination (but not individually) to the culture led to markedly improved antigen-specific T cell expansion without inducing T cell dysfunction. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire profiling revealed that double blockade does not impart specific transcriptional programs in T cells or alterations in TCR repertoires. However, combined blockade may affect gene expression in a minority of clonotypes in a donor-specific fashion. We conclude that antigen-specific CD8+ T cell manufacturing can be improved by using TIM3 and PD-L1/PD-1 axis blockade in combination. This approach is readily applicable to several adoptive immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Lak
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Valérie Janelle
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Anissa Djedid
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Boudreau
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Ann Brasey
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Biomarker Unit, Centre C3i, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Véronique Lisi
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Ali Smaani
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Cédric Carli
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Lambert Busque
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Biomarker Unit, Centre C3i, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada,Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Division, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- Centre de Recherche Du CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Hematology-Oncology Division, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Centre de Recherche de L’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 Boul. de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada,Hematology-Oncology and Cell Therapy Division, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC Canada,Corresponding author Jean-Sébastien Delisle, MD, FRCPC, PhD, Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont 5415, Boul de L’Assomption, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.
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Hernandez R, Põder J, LaPorte KM, Malek TR. Engineering IL-2 for immunotherapy of autoimmunity and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:614-628. [PMID: 35217787 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. Since then, we have learnt the important role of IL-2 in regulating tolerance through regulatory T cells (Treg cells) besides promoting immunity through its action on effector T cells and memory T cells. Another pivotal event in the history of IL-2 research was solving the crystal structure of IL-2 bound to its tripartite receptor, which spurred the development of cell type-selective engineered IL-2 products. These new IL-2 analogues target Treg cells to counteract the dysregulated immune system in the context of autoimmunity and inflammatory disorders or target effector T cells, memory T cells and natural killer cells to enhance their antitumour responses. IL-2 biologics have proven to be effective in preclinical studies and clinical assessment of some is now underway. These studies will soon reveal whether engineered IL-2 biologics are truly capable of harnessing the IL-2-IL-2 receptor pathway as effective monotherapies or combination therapies for autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosmely Hernandez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Janika Põder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn M LaPorte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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50
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Hashimoto M, Araki K, Cardenas MA, Li P, Jadhav RR, Kissick HT, Hudson WH, McGuire DJ, Obeng RC, Wieland A, Lee J, McManus DT, Ross JL, Im SJ, Lee J, Lin JX, Hu B, West EE, Scharer CD, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Ramalingam SS, Pellerin A, Teichgräber V, Greenleaf WJ, Klein C, Goronzy JJ, Umaña P, Leonard WJ, Smith KA, Ahmed R. PD-1 combination therapy with IL-2 modifies CD8 + T cell exhaustion program. Nature 2022; 610:173-181. [PMID: 36171288 PMCID: PMC9793890 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy with PD-1 blockade and IL-2 is highly effective during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection1. Here we examine the underlying basis for this synergy. We show that PD-1 + IL-2 combination therapy, in contrast to PD-1 monotherapy, substantially changes the differentiation program of the PD-1+TCF1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells and results in the generation of transcriptionally and epigenetically distinct effector CD8+ T cells that resemble highly functional effector CD8+ T cells seen after an acute viral infection. The generation of these qualitatively superior CD8+ T cells that mediate viral control underlies the synergy between PD-1 and IL-2. Our results show that the PD-1+TCF1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells, also referred to as precursors of exhausted CD8+ T cells, are not fate-locked into the exhaustion program and their differentiation trajectory can be changed by IL-2 signals. These virus-specific effector CD8+ T cells emerging from the stem-like CD8+ T cells after combination therapy expressed increased levels of the high-affinity IL-2 trimeric (CD25-CD122-CD132) receptor. This was not seen after PD-1 blockade alone. Finally, we show that CD25 engagement with IL-2 has an important role in the observed synergy between IL-2 cytokine and PD-1 blockade. Either blocking CD25 with an antibody or using a mutated version of IL-2 that does not bind to CD25 but still binds to CD122 and CD132 almost completely abrogated the synergistic effects observed after PD-1 + IL-2 combination therapy. There is considerable interest in PD-1 + IL-2 combination therapy for patients with cancer2,3, and our fundamental studies defining the underlying mechanisms of how IL-2 synergizes with PD-1 blockade should inform these human translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Hashimoto
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Koichi Araki
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria A Cardenas
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rohit R Jadhav
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William H Hudson
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald J McGuire
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Obeng
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andreas Wieland
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judong Lee
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel T McManus
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Se Jin Im
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Immunology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Lee
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Immunology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Umaña
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kendall A Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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