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Gowda D, Masum MA, B Gowda SG, Shekhar C, Rubel MZU, Kira S, Ichii O, Kon Y, Chiba H, Hui SP. Lipidomic study of kidney in a mouse model with urine flow obstruction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18042. [PMID: 39098953 PMCID: PMC11298537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructed urine flow is known to cause structural and functional kidney damage leading to renal fibrosis. However, limited information is available on the change in kidney lipids during urinary tract obstruction. In this study, we investigated the change in lipidome in a mouse model with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The establishment of the UUO model was confirmed by histopathological examination using transmission electron microscopy. Untargeted liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry was carried out over a time course of 4 and 7 days. Compared to the sham control, the UUO kidney at 7 days showed dilatation of the renal tubule with loss of brush borders and thickening of the capillary endothelium. In the kidney lipidomes obtained from the UUO 7 days group compared to the control, a significant decrease of ceramide, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed, whereas cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipins were significantly increased. The present study revealed the disturbed lipid metabolism in the UUO model, which may provide a clue to potential lipid pathways and therapeutic targets for the early stage of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyavani Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Md Abdul Masum
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0809, Japan
| | - Chandra Shekhar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
- Departments of Physiology, Medicine, Molecular Biology Immunology and Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Md Zahir Uddin Rubel
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shunnosuke Kira
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
- Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0809, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition, Sapporo University of Health Sciences, Nakanuma, Nishi-4-3-1-15, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, 007-0894, Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12 Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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Hulin A, Gelé T, Fenioux C, Kempf E, Sahali D, Tournigand C, Ollero M. Pharmacology of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Implications for Patients with Kidney Diseases. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 19:927-938. [PMID: 38079278 PMCID: PMC11254026 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have introduced a significant advancement in cancer management. These compounds are administered orally, and their absorption holds a pivotal role in determining their variable efficacy. They exhibit extensive distribution within the body, binding strongly to both plasma and tissue proteins. Often reliant on efflux and influx transporters, TKI undergo primary metabolism by intestinal and hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, with nonkidney clearance being predominant. Owing to their limited therapeutic window, many TKI display considerable intraindividual and interindividual variability. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the clinical pharmacokinetics of TKI, detailing their interactions with drug transporters and metabolic enzymes, while discussing potential clinical implications. The prevalence of kidney conditions, such as AKI and CKD, among patients with cancer is explored in their effect on TKI pharmacokinetics. Finally, the potential nephrotoxicity associated with TKI is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hulin
- Pharmacology Laboratory, University Medicine Department of Biology-Pathology, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Thibaut Gelé
- Pharmacology Laboratory, University Medicine Department of Biology-Pathology, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
| | - Charlotte Fenioux
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kempf
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Dil Sahali
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Nephrology Unit, University Medicine Department of Medicine, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Tournigand
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
- Oncology Unit, University Medicine Department of Cancer, AP-HP, GH Henri Mondor, University Paris-Est Creteil, Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- University Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Creteil, France
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Zhang Y, Bock F, Ferdaus M, Arroyo JP, L Rose K, Patel P, Denton JS, Delpire E, Weinstein AM, Zhang MZ, Harris RC, Terker AS. Low potassium activation of proximal mTOR/AKT signaling is mediated by Kir4.2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5144. [PMID: 38886379 PMCID: PMC11183202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49562-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The renal epithelium is sensitive to changes in blood potassium (K+). We identify the basolateral K+ channel, Kir4.2, as a mediator of the proximal tubule response to K+ deficiency. Mice lacking Kir4.2 have a compensated baseline phenotype whereby they increase their distal transport burden to maintain homeostasis. Upon dietary K+ depletion, knockout animals decompensate as evidenced by increased urinary K+ excretion and development of a proximal renal tubular acidosis. Potassium wasting is not proximal in origin but is caused by higher ENaC activity and depends upon increased distal sodium delivery. Three-dimensional imaging reveals Kir4.2 knockouts fail to undergo proximal tubule expansion, while the distal convoluted tubule response is exaggerated. AKT signaling mediates the dietary K+ response, which is blunted in Kir4.2 knockouts. Lastly, we demonstrate in isolated tubules that AKT phosphorylation in response to low K+ depends upon mTORC2 activation by secondary changes in Cl- transport. Data support a proximal role for cell Cl- which, as it does along the distal nephron, responds to K+ changes to activate kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammed Ferdaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristie L Rose
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Purvi Patel
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jerod S Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan M Weinstein
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weil Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew S Terker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Ito T, Kenmochi T, Kurihara K, Aida N, Hasegawa M, Ishihara T, Shintani A. Age and Pre-operative HbA1c levels affect renal function compensation in living kidney donors. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1315-1322. [PMID: 38032440 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03877-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 90% of Japanese kidney transplantations are conducted from living donors, and their safety and the maintenance of their renal function are critical. This study aims to identify factors that affect the compensation of renal function in living kidney donors after donor nephrectomy. METHOD In a retrospective cohort study, we reviewed data from 120 patients who underwent nephrectomy as living kidney transplant donors in our department from 2012 to 2021. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed for donor factors affecting renal function after donor nephrectomy. RESULT The multivariable linear regression model revealed that the donor's age (p = 0.025), preoperative estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (p = 0.043) were independent risk factors for eGFR at six months after nephrectomy. The eGFR deterioration was more strongly associated with age in females than in males, whereas higher HbA1c values were more strongly associated with eGFR deterioration in males. Higher donor age and higher HbA1c each enhance the deterioration of eGFR six months after living donor nephrectomy. The data suggest that old age in especially female donors and preoperative higher HbA1c in male donors have a harmful impact on their renal function compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taihei Ito
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kenmochi
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kei Kurihara
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Naohiro Aida
- Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo Kutsukake-Cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Midori Hasegawa
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shintani
- Department of Medical Statistics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
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Viggiano D. Mechanisms of Diabetic Nephropathy Not Mediated by Hyperglycemia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6848. [PMID: 37959313 PMCID: PMC10650633 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by the appearance of progressive kidney damage, which may progress to end-stage kidney disease. The control of hyperglycemia is usually not sufficient to halt this progression. The kidney damage is quantitatively and qualitatively different in the two forms of diabetes; the typical nodular fibrosis (Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules) appears mostly in type 1 DM, whereas glomerulomegaly is primarily present in type 2 obese DM. An analysis of the different metabolites and hormones in type 1 and type 2 DM and their differential pharmacological treatments might be helpful to advance the hypotheses on the different histopathological patterns of the kidneys and their responses to sodium/glucose transporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Viggiano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Chen X, Hocher CF, Shen L, Krämer BK, Hocher B. Reno- and cardioprotective molecular mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glycemic control: from bedside to bench. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C661-C681. [PMID: 37519230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00177.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Large placebo-controlled clinical trials have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) delay the deterioration of renal function and reduce cardiovascular events in a glucose-independent manner, thereby ultimately reducing mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or heart failure. These existing clinical data stimulated preclinical studies aiming to understand the observed clinical effects. In animal models, it was shown that the beneficial effect of SGLT2i on the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) improves glomerular pressure and reduces tubular workload by improving renal hemodynamics, which appears to be dependent on salt intake. High salt intake might blunt the SGLT2i effects on the TGF. Beyond the salt-dependent effects of SGLT2i on renal hemodynamics, SGLT2i inhibited several key aspects of macrophage-mediated renal inflammation and fibrosis, including inhibiting the differentiation of monocytes to macrophages, promoting the polarization of macrophages from a proinflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, and suppressing the activation of inflammasomes and major proinflammatory factors. As macrophages are also important cells mediating atherosclerosis and myocardial remodeling after injury, the inhibitory effects of SGLT2i on macrophage differentiation and inflammatory responses may also play a role in stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques and ameliorating myocardial inflammation and fibrosis. Recent studies suggest that SGLT2i may also act directly on the Na+/H+ exchanger and Late-INa in cardiomyocytes thus reducing Na+ and Ca2+ overload-mediated myocardial damage. In addition, the renal-cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2i include systemic effects on the sympathetic nervous system, blood volume, salt excretion, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl-Friedrich Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology/Pneumology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China
- Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Stem Cell and Reproductive Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- IMD Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik Berlin-Potsdam GbR, Berlin, Germany
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Sedaka R, Huang J, Yamaguchi S, Lovelady C, Hsu JS, Shinde S, Kasztan M, Crossman DK, Saigusa T. Accelerated cystogenesis by dietary protein load is dependent on, but not initiated by kidney macrophages. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1173674. [PMID: 37538309 PMCID: PMC10394241 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1173674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disease severity of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is influenced by diet. Dietary protein, a recognized cyst-accelerating factor, is catabolized into amino acids (AA) and delivered to the kidney leading to renal hypertrophy. Injury-induced hypertrophic signaling in ADPKD results in increased macrophage (MФ) activation and inflammation followed by cyst growth. We hypothesize that the cystogenesis-prompting effects of HP diet are caused by increased delivery of specific AA to the kidney, ultimately stimulating MФs to promote cyst progression. Methods Pkd1flox/flox mice with and without Cre (CAGG-ER) were given tamoxifen to induce global gene deletion (Pkd1KO). Pkd1KO mice were fed either a low (LP; 6%), normal (NP; 18%), or high (HP; 60%) protein diet for 1 week (early) or 6 weeks (chronic). Mice were then euthanized and tissues were used for histology, immunofluorescence and various biochemical assays. One week fed kidney tissue was cell sorted to isolate tubular epithelial cells for RNA sequencing. Results Chronic dietary protein load in Pkd1KO mice increased kidney weight, number of kidney infiltrating and resident MФs, chemokines, cytokines and cystic index compared to LP diet fed mice. Accelerated cyst growth induced by chronic HP were attenuated by liposomal clodronate-mediated MФ depletion. Early HP diet fed Pkd1KO mice had larger cystic kidneys compared to NP or LP fed counterparts, but without increases in the number of kidney MФs, cytokines, or markers of tubular injury. RNA sequencing of tubular epithelial cells in HP compared to NP or LP diet group revealed increased expression of sodium-glutamine transporter Snat3, chloride channel Clcnka, and gluconeogenesis marker Pepck1, accompanied by increased excretion of urinary ammonia, a byproduct of glutamine. Early glutamine supplementation in Pkd1KO mice lead to kidney hypertrophy. Conclusion Chronic dietary protein load-induced renal hypertrophy and accelerated cyst growth in Pkd1KO mice is dependent on both infiltrating and resident MФ recruitment and subsequent inflammatory response. Early cyst expansion by HP diet, however, is relient on increased delivery of glutamine to kidney epithelial cells, driving downstream metabolic changes prior to inflammatory provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randee Sedaka
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jifeng Huang
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shinobu Yamaguchi
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Caleb Lovelady
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jung-Shan Hsu
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sejal Shinde
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Takamitsu Saigusa
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Kikuchi H, Chou CL, Yang CR, Chen L, Jung HJ, Park E, Limbutara K, Carter B, Yang ZH, Kun JF, Remaley AT, Knepper MA. Signaling mechanisms in renal compensatory hypertrophy revealed by multi-omics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3481. [PMID: 37328470 PMCID: PMC10276015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of a kidney results in compensatory growth of the remaining kidney, a phenomenon of considerable clinical importance. However, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we use a multi-omic approach in a unilateral nephrectomy model in male mice to identify signaling processes associated with renal compensatory hypertrophy, demonstrating that the lipid-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is an important determinant of proximal tubule cell size and is a likely mediator of compensatory proximal tubule hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyun Jun Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kavee Limbutara
- The Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Carter
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia F Kun
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Zhao J, Liu H, Xia M, Chen Q, Wan L, Leng B, Tang C, Chen G, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liu H. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore That Celastrol Targeting PTEN is the Potential Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii (Lév.) Hutch Against IgA Nephropathy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:887-900. [PMID: 36992900 PMCID: PMC10042171 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s402503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Accumulating clinical evidence showed that Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lév.) Hutch (THH) is effective against IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but the mechanism is still unclear. This study is to evaluate the renal protective effect and molecular mechanism of THH against IgAN via network pharmacology, molecular docking strategy and experimental validation. Methods Several databases were used for obtaining the active ingredients of THH, the corresponding targets, as well as the IgAN-related genes. The critical active ingredients, functional pathways, and potential for the combination of the hub genes and their corresponding active components were determined through bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking. The IgAN mouse model was treated with celastrol (1 mg/kg/d) for 21 days, and the aggregated IgA1-induced human mesangial cell (HMC) was treated with various concentrations of celastrol (25, 50 or 75 nM) for 48 h. The immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques were applied to evaluate the protein expression of the predicted target. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) was used to detect HMC proliferation. Results A total of 17 active ingredients from THH were screened, covering 165 IgAN-related targets. The PPI network identified ten hub targets, including PTEN. The binding affinity between the celastrol and PTEN was the highest (-8.69 kJ/mol). The immunohistochemistry showed that celastrol promoted the expression of PTEN in the glomerulus of IgAN mice. Furthermore, the Western blot techniques showed that celastrol significantly elevated the expression of PTEN and inhibited PCNA and Cyclin D1 in vitro and in vivo. The CCK8 assay determined that celastrol decreased HMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion This study suggests that activating PTEN by celastrol may play a pivotal role in THH alleviating IgAN renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanyong Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Wan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Leng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hong Liu; Lei Zhang, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13973116951; +86-18673174522, Email ;
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Sun Z, Shao X, Wu H, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Li D, Sun Y, Wang Q. Loss of Pten in Renal Tubular Cells Leads to Water Retention by Upregulating AQP2. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:58-71. [PMID: 36756085 PMCID: PMC9900467 DOI: 10.1159/000528010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) is a multifunctional gene associated with the normal development and physiological function of various tissues including the kidney. However, its role in renal tubular reabsorption function has not been well elucidated. Methods We generated a renal tubule-specific Pten knockout mouse model by crossing Ptenfl/fl mice with Ksp-Cre transgenic mice, evaluated the effect of Pten loss on renal tubular function, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Results Pten loss resulted in abnormal renal structure and function and water retention in multiple organs. Our results also demonstrated that aquaporin-2 (AQP2), an important water channel protein, was upregulated and concentrated on the apical plasma membrane of collecting duct cells, which could be responsible for the impaired water balance in Pten loss mice. The regulation of Pten loss on AQP2 was mediated by protein kinase B (AKT) activation. Conclusions Our results reveal a connection between PTEN gene inactivation and water retention, suggesting the importance of PTEN in normal kidney development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Sun
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Shao
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaxian Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yidan Cao
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Danhua Li
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China,*Qingling Wang,
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Li F, Fang Y, Zhuang Q, Cheng M, Moronge D, Jue H, Meyuhas O, Ding X, Zhang Z, Chen JK, Wu H. Blocking ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation inhibits podocyte hypertrophy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2022; 102:121-135. [PMID: 35483522 PMCID: PMC10711420 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) phosphorylation mediates the hypertrophic growth of kidney proximal tubule cells. However, the role of rpS6 phosphorylation in podocyte hypertrophy and podocyte loss during the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) remains undefined. Here, we examined rpS6 phosphorylation levels in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with FSGS and in podocytes from mouse kidneys with Adriamycin-induced FSGS. Using genetic and pharmacologic approaches in the mouse model of FSGS, we investigated the role of rpS6 phosphorylation in podocyte hypertrophy and loss during development and progression of FSGS. Phosphorylated rpS6 was found to be markedly increased in the podocytes of patients with FSGS and Adriamycin-induced FSGS mice. Genetic deletion of the Tuberous sclerosis 1 gene in kidney glomerular podocytes activated mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling to rpS6 phosphorylation, resulting in podocyte hypertrophy and pathologic features similar to those of patients with FSGS including podocyte loss, leading to segmental glomerulosclerosis. Since protein phosphatase 1 is known to negatively regulate rpS6 phosphorylation, treatment with an inhibitor increased phospho-rpS6 levels, promoted podocyte hypertrophy and exacerbated formation of FSGS lesions. Importantly, blocking rpS6 phosphorylation (either by generating congenic rpS6 knock-in mice expressing non-phosphorylatable rpS6 or by inhibiting ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1-mediated rpS6 phosphorylation with an inhibitor) significantly blunted podocyte hypertrophy, inhibited podocyte loss, and attenuated formation of FSGS lesions. Thus, our study provides genetic and pharmacologic evidence indicating that specifically targeting rpS6 phosphorylation can attenuate the development of FSGS lesions by inhibiting podocyte hypertrophy and associated podocyte depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yili Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meichu Cheng
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desmond Moronge
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hao Jue
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Oded Meyuhas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Shimada S, Yang C, Kurth T, Cowley AW. Divergent roles of angiotensin II upon the immediate and sustained increases of renal blood flow following unilateral nephrectomy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F473-F485. [PMID: 35224992 PMCID: PMC8977133 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00376.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the molecular and functional responses related to renal compensatory hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) has been well described, many aspects of these events remain unclear. One question is how the remaining kidney senses the absence of the contralateral organ, and another is what the role of the renin-angiotensin system is in these responses. Both acute anesthetized and chronic unanesthetized experiments were performed using the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker losartan and the renin inhibitor aliskiren to determine the contribution of the renin-angiotensin system to immediate changes and losartan for chronic changes of renal blood flow (RBF) and the associated hypertrophic events in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Chronic experiments used implanted RBF probes and arterial catheters for continuous data collection, and the glomerular filtration rate was determined by noninvasive transcutaneous FITC-sinistrin measurements. The results of the acute experiments found that RBF increased nearly 25% (4.6 ± 0.5 to 5.6 ± 0.6 mL/min/g kidney wt) during the first 15 min following UNX and that this response was abolished by losartan (6.7 ± 0.7 to 7.0 ± 0.7 mL/min/g kidney wt) or aliskiren (5.8 ± 0.4 to 6.0 ± 0.4 mL/min/g kidney wt) treatment. Thereafter, RBF increased progressively over 7 days, and kidney weight increased by 19% of pre-UNX values. When normalized to kidney weight determined at day 7 after UNX, RBF was not significantly different from pre-UNX levels. Semiquantification of CD31-positive capillaries revealed increases of the glomeruli and peritubular capillaries that paralleled the kidney hypertrophy. None of these chronic changes was inhibited by losartan treatment, indicating that neither the compensatory structural nor the RBF changes were angiotensin II type 1 receptor dependent.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that the immediate increases of renal blood flow (RBF) following unilateral nephrectomy (UNX) are a consequence of reduced angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor stimulation. The continuous monitoring of RBF and intermittent measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in conscious rats during the 1-wk period of rapid hypertrophy following UNX provided unique insights into the regulation of RBF and GFR when faced with increased metabolic loads. It was found that neither kidney hypertrophy nor the associated increase of capillaries was an AT1-dependent phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Shimada
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Theresa Kurth
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Abstract
The functional mass of kidney tissue in an adult is an important determinant of human health. Kidney formation during development is an essential determinant of the final nephron endowment of the adult organ, and no evidence has been reported that mice or humans are able to generate new nephrons after the developmental period. Mechanisms controlling organ growth after development are essential to establish the final adult organ size. The potential for organ growth is maintained in adult life and the size of one kidney may be significantly increased by loss of the contralateral kidney. The mouse has provided a model system for investigators to critically explore genetic, cell biological, and hormonal control of developmental and juvenile kidney growth. This article reviews three basic aspects of kidney size regulation: (1) Mechanisms that control nephron formation and how these are altered by the cessation of nephrogenesis at the end of the developmental period. (2) Applicability of the general model for growth hormone-insulin like growth factor control to kidney growth both pre- and postnatally. (3) Commonalities between mechanisms of juvenile kidney growth and the compensatory growth that is stimulated in adult life by reduction of kidney mass. Understanding the mechanisms that determine set-points for cell numbers and size in the kidney may inform ongoing efforts to generate kidney tissue from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif Oxburgh
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, United States.
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Experimental uninephrectomy associates with less parasympathetic modulation of heart rate and facilitates sodium-dependent arterial hypertension. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265086. [PMID: 35263383 PMCID: PMC8906640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood pressure is known to be increased in kidney donors following living-donor kidney transplantation. However, the physiological underpinnings of the blood-pressure increase following uninephrectomy remain unclear. We hypothesized that changes in sympathetic tone or in parasympathetic modulation of sinus node function are involved in the blood-pressure increase following experimental kidney-mass reduction. Methods C57BL6N mice (6 to 11 per group) subjected to sham surgery (controls) or uninephrectomy with or without a one-week course of sodium chloride-enriched, taurine-deficient diet were studied. Uninephrectomized mice treated with a subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin-II over a period of one week were positive controls. A transfemoral aortic catheter with telemetry unit was implanted, readings of heart-rate and blood-pressure were recorded. Powerspectral analysis of heart rate and systolic blood pressure was performed to gain surrogate parameters of sympathetictone and parasympathetic modulation of sinus node function. Baroreflex sensitivity of heart rate was determined from awake, unrestrained mice using spontaneous baroreflex gain technique. Results Systolic arterial blood pressure, heart rate and baroreflex sensitivity were not different in uninephrectomized mice when compared to controls. Parasympathetic modulation of sinus node function was less in uninephrectomized mice in comparison to controls. Uninephrectomized mice of the high-angiotensin-II model or of the high-salt and taurine-deficiency model had an increased systolic arterial blood pressure. Conclusions Uninephrectomy associated with less parasympathetic modulation of sinus node function. The combination of uninephrectomy, taurine-deficiency and high-salt intake led to arterial hypertension.
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An C, Jiao B, Du H, Tran M, Zhou D, Wang Y. Myeloid PTEN deficiency aggravates renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:983-991. [PMID: 34515350 PMCID: PMC8810675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. However, the pathogenesis of hypertensive kidney disease is not fully understood. Recently, we have shown that CXCL16/phosphoinositide-3 kinase γ (PI3Kγ) plays an important role in the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II (AngII) induced hypertensive nephropathy. In the present study, we examined the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a major regulator of PI3K signaling, in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation and fibrosis in an experimental model of hypertension induced by AngII. We generated myeloid PTEN conditional knockout mice by crossing PTENflox/flox mice with LysM-driven Cre mice. Littermate LysM-Cre-/- PTENflox/flox mice were used as a control. Both myeloid PTEN knockout mice and their littermate control mice exhibited similar blood pressure at baseline. AngII treatment resulted in an increase in blood pressure that was comparable between myeloid PTEN knockout mice and littermate control mice. Compared with littermate control mice, myeloid PTEN knockout mice developed more severe kidney dysfunction, proteinuria, and fibrosis following AngII treatment. Furthermore, myeloid PTEN deficiency exacerbated total collagen deposition and extracellular matrix protein production and enhanced myeloid fibroblast accumulation and myofibroblast formation in the kidney following AngII treatment. Finally, myeloid PTEN deficiency markedly augmented infiltration of F4/80+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells into the kidneys of AngII-treated mice. Taken together, these results indicate that PTEN plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of renal inflammation and fibrosis through the regulation of infiltration of myeloid fibroblasts, macrophages, and T lymphocytes into the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlong An
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Du
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie Tran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dong Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA,Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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Chan K, Li X. Current Epigenetic Insights in Kidney Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081281. [PMID: 34440455 PMCID: PMC8391601 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is among the best characterized developing tissues, with the genes and signaling pathways that regulate embryonic and adult kidney patterning and development having been extensively identified. It is now widely understood that DNA methylation and histone modification patterns are imprinted during embryonic development and must be maintained in adult cells for appropriate gene transcription and phenotypic stability. A compelling question then is how these epigenetic mechanisms play a role in kidney development. In this review, we describe the major genes and pathways that have been linked to epigenetic mechanisms in kidney development. We also discuss recent applications of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) techniques in the study of kidney development. Additionally, we summarize the techniques of single-cell epigenomics, which can potentially be used to characterize epigenomes at single-cell resolution in embryonic and adult kidneys. The combination of scRNA-seq and single-cell epigenomics will help facilitate the further understanding of early cell lineage specification at the level of epigenetic modifications in embryonic and adult kidney development, which may also be used to investigate epigenetic mechanisms in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Chan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-266-0110
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Negative regulators of TGF-β1 signaling in renal fibrosis; pathological mechanisms and novel therapeutic opportunities. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:275-303. [PMID: 33480423 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is causatively linked to kidney fibrosis progression initiated by diabetic, hypertensive, obstructive, ischemic and toxin-induced injury. Therapeutically relevant approaches to directly target the TGF-β1 pathway (e.g., neutralizing antibodies against TGF-β1), however, remain elusive in humans. TGF-β1 signaling is subjected to extensive negative control at the level of TGF-β1 receptor, SMAD2/3 activation, complex assembly and promoter engagement due to its critical role in tissue homeostasis and numerous pathologies. Progressive kidney injury is accompanied by the deregulation (loss or gain of expression) of several negative regulators of the TGF-β1 signaling cascade by mechanisms involving protein and mRNA stability or epigenetic silencing, further amplifying TGF-β1/SMAD3 signaling and fibrosis. Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins 6 and 7 (BMP6/7), SMAD7, Sloan-Kettering Institute proto-oncogene (Ski) and Ski-related novel gene (SnoN), phosphate tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein phosphatase magnesium/manganese dependent 1A (PPM1A) and Klotho are dramatically decreased in various nephropathies in animals and humans albeit with different kinetics while the expression of Smurf1/2 E3 ligases are increased. Such deregulations frequently initiate maladaptive renal repair including renal epithelial cell dedifferentiation and growth arrest, fibrotic factor (connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), TGF-β1) synthesis/secretion, fibroproliferative responses and inflammation. This review addresses how loss of these negative regulators of TGF-β1 pathway exacerbates renal lesion formation and discusses the therapeutic value in restoring the expression of these molecules in ameliorating fibrosis, thus, presenting novel approaches to suppress TGF-β1 hyperactivation during chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression.
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Hesaka A, Tsukamoto Y, Nada S, Kawamura M, Ichimaru N, Sakai S, Nakane M, Mita M, Okuzaki D, Okada M, Isaka Y, Kimura T. d-Serine Mediates Cellular Proliferation for Kidney Remodeling. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1611-1624. [PMID: 35372967 PMCID: PMC8785787 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000832021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background d-serine, a long-term undetected enantiomer of serine, is a biomarker that reflects kidney function and disease activity. The physiologic functions of d-serine are unclear. Methods The dynamics of d-serine were assessed by measuring d-serine in human samples of living kidney donors using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, and by autoradiographic studies in mice. The effects of d-serine on the kidney were examined by gene expression profiling and metabolic studies using unilateral nephrectomy mice, and genetically modified cells. Results Unilateral nephrectomy in human living kidney donors decreases urinary excretion and thus increases the blood level of d-serine. d-serine is quickly and dominantly distributed to the kidney on injection in mice, suggesting the kidney is a main target organ. Treatment of d-serine at a low dose promotes the enlargement of remnant kidney in mouse model. Mechanistically, d-serine activates the cell cycle for tissue remodeling through an mTOR-related pathway. Conclusions d-serine is a physiologic molecule that promotes kidney remodeling. Besides its function as a biomarker, d-serine has a physiologic activity that influences kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hesaka
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yusuke Tsukamoto
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | | | - Naotsugu Ichimaru
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shinsuke Sakai
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Disease, Osaka University
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Kimura
- KAGAMI Project, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Reverse Translational Project, Center for Rare Disease Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition,Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Li Y, Xia M, Peng L, Liu H, Chen G, Wang C, Yuan D, Liu Y, Liu H. Downregulation of miR‑214-3p attenuates mesangial hypercellularity by targeting PTEN‑mediated JNK/c-Jun signaling in IgA nephropathy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3343-3355. [PMID: 34512151 PMCID: PMC8416718 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and matrix expansion are basic pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). However, the stepwise mechanism of MC proliferation and the exact set of related signaling molecules remain largely unclear. In this study, we found a significant upregulation of miR-214-3p in the renal cortex of IgAN mice by miRNA sequencing. In situ hybridization analysis showed that miR-214-3p expression was obviously elevated in MCs in the renal cortex in IgAN. Functionally, knockdown of miR-214-3p alleviated mesangial hypercellularity and renal lesions in IgAN mice. In vitro, the inhibition of miR-214-3p suppressed MC proliferation and arrested G1-S cell cycle pSrogression in IgAN. Mechanistically, a luciferase reporter assay verified PTEN as a direct target of miR-214-3p. Downregulation of miR-214-3p increased PTEN expression and reduced p-JNK and p-c-Jun levels, thereby inhibiting MC proliferation and ameliorating renal lesions in IgAN. Moreover, these changes could be attenuated by co-transfection with PTEN siRNA. Collectively, these results illustrated that miR-214-3p accelerated MC proliferation in IgAN by directly targeting PTEN to modulate JNK/c-Jun signaling. Therefore, miR-214-3p may represent a novel therapeutic target for IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang H, Bao J, Jia N, Huang H, Li A. PTEN protects kidney against acute kidney injury by alleviating apoptosis and promoting autophagy via regulating HIF1-α and mTOR through PI3K/Akt pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112729. [PMID: 34242625 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deleted on human chromosome 10 is a tumor suppressor with bispecific phosphatase activity, which is often involved in the study of energy metabolism and tumorigenesis. PTEN is recently reported to participate in the process of acute injury. However, the mechanism of PTEN in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (IRI) has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, mice with bilateral renal artery ischemia-reperfusion and HK-2 cells with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were used as acute kidney injury models. We demonstrated that PTEN was downregulated in IRI-induced kidney as well as in H/R-induced HK-2 cells. By silencing and overexpressing PTEN with si-PTEN RNA and PHBLV-CMV-PTEN-flag lentivirus before H/R, we found that PTEN protected HK-2 cells against H/R-induced injury reflected by the change in cell activity and the release of LDH. Furthermore, we inhibited HIF1-α with PX-478 and inactivated mTOR with Rapamycin before the silence of PTEN in H/R model. Our data indicated that the renoprotective effect of PTEN worked via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and PI3K/Akt/HIF1-α pathway, hence alleviating apoptosis and improving autophagy respectively. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying renoprotection of PTEN on autophagy and apoptosis induced by renal IRI, which offers a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingfu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huimi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Aiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
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Determination of the dynamic cellular transcriptional profiles during kidney development from birth to maturity in rats by single-cell RNA sequencing. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:162. [PMID: 34226524 PMCID: PMC8257621 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses have offered much insight into the gene expression profiles in early-stage kidney development. However, comprehensive gene expression profiles from mid- and late-stage kidney development are lacking. In the present study, by using the scRNA-seq technique, we analyzed 54,704 rat kidney cells from just after birth to adulthood (six time points: postnatal days 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 56) including the mid and late stages of kidney development. Twenty-five original clusters and 13 different cell types were identified during these stages. Gene expression in these 13 cell types was mapped, and single cell atlas of the rat kidney from birth to maturity ( http://youngbearlab.com ) was built to enable users to search for a gene of interest and to evaluate its expression in different cells. The variation trend of six major types of kidney cells-intercalated cells of the collecting duct (CD-ICs), principal cells of the collecting duct (CD-PCs), cells of the distal convoluted tubules (DCTs), cells of the loop of Henle (LOH), podocytes (PDs), and cells of the proximal tubules (PTs)-during six postnatal time points was demonstrated. The trajectory of rat kidney development and the order of induction of the six major types of kidney cells from just after birth to maturity were determined. In addition, features of the dynamically changing genes as well as transcription factors during postnatal rat kidney development were identified. The present study provides a resource for achieving a deep understanding of the molecular basis of and regulatory events in the mid and late stages of kidney development.
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22
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Brown CN, Atwood D, Pokhrel D, Holditch SJ, Altmann C, Skrypnyk NI, Bourne J, Klawitter J, Blaine J, Faubel S, Thorburn A, Edelstein CL. Surgical procedures suppress autophagic flux in the kidney. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:248. [PMID: 33674554 PMCID: PMC7935862 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many surgical models are used to study kidney and other diseases in mice, yet the effects of the surgical procedure itself on the kidney and other tissues have not been elucidated. In the present study, we found that both sham surgery and unilateral nephrectomy (UNX), which is used as a model of renal compensatory hypertrophy, in mice resulted in increased mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2) in the remaining kidney. mTORC1 is known to regulate lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Genes associated with lysosomal biogenesis and function were decreased in sham surgery and UNX kidneys. In both sham surgery and UNX, there was suppressed autophagic flux in the kidney as indicated by the lack of an increase in LC3-II or autophagosomes seen on immunoblot, IF and EM after bafilomycin A1 administration and a concomitant increase in p62, a marker of autophagic cargo. There was a massive increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are known to activate ERK1/2, in the serum after sham surgery and UNX. There was a large increase in ERK1/2 in sham surgery and UNX kidneys, which was blocked by the MEK1/2 inhibitor, trametinib. Trametinib also resulted in a significant decrease in p62. In summary, there was an intense systemic inflammatory response, an ERK-mediated increase in p62 and suppressed autophagic flux in the kidney after sham surgery and UNX. It is important that researchers are aware that changes in systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, ERK1/2 and autophagy can be caused by sham surgery as well as the kidney injury/disease itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn N Brown
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel Atwood
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Deepak Pokhrel
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sara J Holditch
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christopher Altmann
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nataliya I Skrypnyk
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Bourne
- Electron Microscopy Center, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Faubel
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles L Edelstein
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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23
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Kajiwara K, Yamano S, Aoki K, Okuzaki D, Matsumoto K, Okada M. CDCP1 promotes compensatory renal growth by integrating Src and Met signaling. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/4/e202000832. [PMID: 33574034 PMCID: PMC7893822 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CDCP1 promotes HGF-induced compensatory renal growth by focally and temporally integrating Src and Met-STAT3 signaling in lipid rafts. Compensatory growth of organs after loss of their mass and/or function is controlled by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) promotes HGF-induced compensatory renal growth. Using canine kidney cells as a model of renal tubules, we found that HGF-induced temporal up-regulation of Src activity and its scaffold protein, CDCP1, and that the ablation of CDCP1 robustly abrogated HGF-induced phenotypic changes, such as morphological changes and cell growth/proliferation. Mechanistic analyses revealed that up-regulated CDCP1 recruits Src into lipid rafts to activate STAT3 associated with the HGF receptor Met, and activated STAT3 induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and mitogenic factors. After unilateral nephrectomy in mice, the Met-STAT3 signaling is transiently up-regulated in the renal tubules of the remaining kidney, whereas CDCP1 ablation attenuates regenerative signaling and significantly suppresses compensatory growth. These findings demonstrate that CDCP1 plays a crucial role in controlling compensatory renal growth by focally and temporally integrating Src and Met signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kajiwara
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Yamano
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Division of Tumor Dynamics and Regulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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24
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Huang SJ, Huang J, Yan YB, Qiu J, Tan RQ, Liu Y, Tian Q, Guan L, Niu SS, Zhang Y, Xi Z, Xiang Y, Gong Q. The renoprotective effect of curcumin against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in mice: involvement of miR-181a/PTEN axis. Ren Fail 2021; 42:350-357. [PMID: 32338107 PMCID: PMC7241563 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1751658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nephrotoxicity, especially acute kidney injury (AKI), is the main dose-limiting toxicity of cisplatin. Although recent studies showed that curcumin prevented cisplatin-induced AKI effectively, further studies to understand the mechanism are required.Methods: We established an AKI mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups: saline group (control), cisplatin group (CP), and curcumin + cisplatin group (CP + Cur). The CP group received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin, while the control group received saline. The CP + Cur group received i.p. curcumin three days before cisplatin injection and curcumin administered for another three days until the day before euthanization. Renal injury was assessed by serological and histological analysis. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and microRNA (miR)-181a expression in the renal tissues. Bioinformatics prediction and western blotting methods validated the targets of miR-181a in vitro.Results: Curcumin treatment alleviated cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity as validated by the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values, and histological analysis of kidneys. At the molecular level, curcumin treatment decreased miR-181a expression level, which was induced by cisplatin and restored the in vivo expression of PTEN, which was suppressed by cisplatin. We verified the direct regulation of PTEN by miR-181a in cultured human embryonic kidney 293T cells.Conclusions: We showed the involvement of miR-181a/PTEN axis in the renoprotective effect of curcumin against cisplatin-induced AKI, and provide new evidence on the ability of curcumin to alleviate cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yun-Bo Yan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiao Qiu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui-Qiao Tan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li Guan
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Niu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhijiang Xi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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25
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Tsujita M, Goto N, Futamura K, Okada M, Hiramitsu T, Narumi S, Uchida K, Morozumi K, Watarai Y. The importance of kidney volume as a marker in the assessment of living-donor kidney transplantation in Japan. Clin Exp Nephrol 2021; 25:537-544. [PMID: 33411116 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-02014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In living kidney transplantation, predicting the risk of end-stage kidney disease in the organ donors though crucial remains to be resolved. Thus, any useful biomarker to predict kidney outcome would be highly desirable to safeguard donors. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital to confirm whether an increase in preserved kidney volume (PKV) was a predict marker of proteinuria. A change of PKV before and 1 year after kidney donation was measured, and its association with proteinuria 3 years after the donation was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 119 kidney donors who met the Japanese donor guideline were enrolled. The mean age was 57.4 years, 46.2% were male. The mean values of the variables before kidney donation (baseline) were: BMI levels: 23.4 kg/m2, BSA-adjusted PKV: 132.9 cm3/1.73 m2, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRave): 82.9 mL/min/1.73 m2. A positive correlation was noted between BSA-adjusted PKV and eGFRave (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). BSA-adjusted PKV increased by 19.5% 1 year after donation, and the median urine protein was 0.04 g/gCre. Linear regression analyses showed that change of PKV and BSA-adjusted PKV before the donation were significantly associated with proteinuria 3 years after donation. CONCLUSION Change of PKV and BSA-adjusted PKV before donation is important factors for proteinuria after donation under the Japanese donor guidelines. Further studies are needed to confirm whether these factors are associated with renal survival after donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsujita
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Masuko Memorial Hospital, 35-28 Takebashi-cho, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, 453-8566, Japan. .,Department of Kidney Disease Center, Transplant Nephrology and Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Goto
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Transplant Nephrology and Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenta Futamura
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Transplant Nephrology and Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Manabu Okada
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Transplant Nephrology and Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hiramitsu
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Transplant Nephrology and Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shunji Narumi
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Transplant Nephrology and Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Uchida
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Masuko Memorial Hospital, 35-28 Takebashi-cho, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, 453-8566, Japan
| | - Kunio Morozumi
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Masuko Memorial Hospital, 35-28 Takebashi-cho, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, 453-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Watarai
- Department of Kidney Disease Center, Transplant Nephrology and Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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G Kalaitzidis R. Should we need more sensitive early diagnostic markers in children with congenital solitary functioning kidneys? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 23:253-256. [PMID: 33369854 PMCID: PMC8029997 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Kubik MJ, Wyczanska M, Gasparitsch M, Keller U, Weber S, Schaefer F, Lange-Sperandio B. Renal developmental genes are differentially regulated after unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal and adult mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19302. [PMID: 33168884 PMCID: PMC7653944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital obstructive nephropathy hinders normal kidney development. The severity and the duration of obstruction determine the compensatory growth of the contralateral, intact opposite kidney. We investigated the regulation of renal developmental genes, that are relevant in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in obstructed and contralateral (intact opposite) kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in neonatal and adult mice. Newborn and adult mice were subjected to complete UUO or sham-operation, and were sacrificed 1, 5, 12 and 19 days later. Quantitative RT-PCR was performed in obstructed, intact opposite kidneys and sham controls for Gdnf, Pax2, Six4, Six2, Dach1, Eya1, Bmp4, and Hnf-1β. Neonatal UUO induced an early and strong upregulation of all genes. In contrast, adult UUO kidneys showed a delayed and less pronounced upregulation. Intact opposite kidneys of neonatal mice revealed a strong upregulation of all developmental genes, whereas intact opposite kidneys of adult mice demonstrated only a weak response. Only neonatal mice exhibited an increase in BMP4 protein expression whereas adult kidneys strongly upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase class III, essential for compensatory hypertrophy. In conclusion, gene regulation differs in neonatal and adult mice with UUO. Repair and compensatory hypertrophy involve different genetic programs in developing and adult obstructed kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Kubik
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maja Wyczanska
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Mojca Gasparitsch
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Keller
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- University Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Lindwurmstr.4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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28
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Atwood DJ, Brown CN, Holditch SJ, Pokhrel D, Thorburn A, Hopp K, Edelstein CL. The effect of trehalose on autophagy-related proteins and cyst growth in a hypomorphic Pkd1 mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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29
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Jufar AH, Lankadeva YR, May CN, Cochrane AD, Bellomo R, Evans RG. Renal functional reserve: from physiological phenomenon to clinical biomarker and beyond. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 319:R690-R702. [PMID: 33074016 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00237.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is acutely increased following a high-protein meal or systemic infusion of amino acids. The mechanisms underlying this renal functional response remain to be fully elucidated. Nevertheless, they appear to culminate in preglomerular vasodilation. Inhibition of the tubuloglomerular feedback signal appears critical. However, nitric oxide, vasodilator prostaglandins, and glucagon also appear important. The increase in GFR during amino acid infusion reveals a "renal reserve," which can be utilized when the physiological demand for single nephron GFR increases. This has led to the concept that in subclinical renal disease, before basal GFR begins to reduce, renal functional reserve can be recruited in a manner that preserves renal function. The extension of this concept is that once a decline in basal GFR can be detected, renal disease is already well progressed. This concept likely applies both in the contexts of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury. Critically, its corollary is that deficits in renal functional reserve have the potential to provide early detection of renal dysfunction before basal GFR is reduced. There is growing evidence that the renal response to infusion of amino acids can be used to identify patients at risk of developing either chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury and as a treatment target for acute kidney injury. However, large multicenter clinical trials are required to test these propositions. A renewed effort to understand the renal physiology underlying the response to amino acid infusion is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemayehu H Jufar
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Pre-Clinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yugeesh R Lankadeva
- Pre-Clinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clive N May
- Pre-Clinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cochrane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health and Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Mehrvar S, Foomani FH, Shimada S, Yang C, Zheleznova NN, Mostaghimi S, Cowley AW, Ranji M. The early effects of uninephrectomy on rat kidney metabolic state using optical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000089. [PMID: 32436651 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Uninephrectomy (UNX) is known to result in structural and metabolic changes to the remaining kidney, although it is uncertain if this alters the mitochondrial redox state and how soon such changes may occur. A custom-designed fluorescence cryo-imaging technique was used to quantitatively assess the effect of UNX by measuring the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the remaining kidney. Kidneys were snap-frozen 3 days following UNX, and the intrinsic fluorescence of NADH and FAD were optically acquired. The 3D images were created to characterize the NADH/FAD redox ratios (RR) of the right kidneys, which underwent UNX and the remaining kidneys 3 days following UNX. Both the NADPH-oxidases (Nox2 and Nox4) and the mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in tubular epithelial cells. Responses to the UNX were obtained in kidneys of normal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats and SS rats in which NADPH-oxidase isoform 4 (Nox4) was knocked out (SSNox4-/- ). The results found that each of the strains exhibited similar increase in kidney weights averaging 17% after 3 days of UNX. SD and SSNox4-/- rats both exhibited global reductions of the RR (P < .05) with a similar tendency observed in SS rats (P < .08), indicating increased ROS production. The unexpected reduction of the RR in the remnant kidneys of SSNox4-/- rats indicates that mechanisms independent of H2 O2 produced from Nox4 may be responsible for this global increase of ROS. We propose that the reduced RR was largely a consequence of enhanced mitochondrial bioenergetics due to increased tubular workload of the remaining kidney. The data indicate that mitochondria become the dominant source of increased ROS following UNX and could represent an important hypertrophic signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mehrvar
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Farnaz H Foomani
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Satoshi Shimada
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Soudeh Mostaghimi
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allen W Cowley
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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31
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McArdle Z, Schreuder MF, Moritz KM, Denton KM, Singh RR. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Compensatory Adaptations of a Solitary Functioning Kidney. Front Physiol 2020; 11:725. [PMID: 32670095 PMCID: PMC7332829 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK) have an increased risk of hypertension and kidney disease from early in adulthood. In response to a reduction in kidney mass, the remaining kidney undergoes compensatory kidney growth. This is associated with both an increase in size of the kidney tubules and the glomeruli and an increase in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR). The compensatory hypertrophy and increase in filtration at the level of the individual nephron results in normalization of total glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, over time these same compensatory mechanisms may contribute to kidney injury and hypertension. Indeed, approximately 50% of children born with a SFK develop hypertension by the age of 18 and 20–40% require dialysis by the age of 30. The mechanisms that result in kidney injury are only partly understood, and early biomarkers that distinguish those at an elevated risk of kidney injury are needed. This review will outline the compensatory adaptations to a SFK, and outline how these adaptations may contribute to kidney injury and hypertension later in life. These will be based largely on the mechanisms we have identified from our studies in an ovine model of SFK, that implicate the renal nitric oxide system, the renin angiotensin system and the renal nerves to kidney disease and hypertension associated with SFK. This discussion will also evaluate current, and speculate on next generation, prognostic factors that may predict those children at a higher risk of future kidney disease and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe McArdle
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Karen M Moritz
- Child Health Research Centre and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Reetu R Singh
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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32
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Liu T, Yuan J, Dai C, Xu J, Li S, Humphreys BD, Kleven DT, Chen JK. Cre/loxP approach-mediated downregulation of Pik3c3 inhibits the hypertrophic growth of renal proximal tubule cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9958-9973. [PMID: 32474911 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nephron loss stimulates residual functioning nephrons to undergo compensatory growth. Excessive nephron growth may be a maladaptive response that sets the stage for progressive nephron damage, leading to kidney failure. To date, however, the mechanism of nephron growth remains incompletely understood. Our previous study revealed that class III phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (Pik3c3) is activated in the remaining kidney after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX)-induced nephron loss, but previous studies failed to generate a Pik3c3 gene knockout animal model. Global Pik3c3 deletion results in embryonic lethality. Given that renal proximal tubule cells make up the bulk of the kidney and undergo the most prominent hypertrophic growth after UNX, in this study we used Cre-loxP-based approaches to demonstrate for the first time that tamoxifen-inducible SLC34a1 promoter-driven CreERT2 recombinase-mediated downregulation of Pik3c3 expression in renal proximal tubule cells alone is sufficient to inhibit UNX- or amino acid-induced hypertrophic nephron growth. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies unveiled that the SLC34a1-CreERT2 recombinase-mediated Pik3c3 downregulation inhibited UNX- or amino acid-stimulated lysosomal localization and signaling activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in the renal proximal tubules. Moreover, our additional cell culture experiments using RNAi confirmed that knocking down Pik3c3 expression inhibited amino acid-stimulated mTORC1 signaling and blunted cellular growth in primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells. Together, both our in vivo and in vitro experimental results indicate that Pik3c3 is a major mechanistic mediator responsible for sensing amino acid availability and initiating hypertrophic growth of renal proximal tubule cells by activation of the mTORC1-S6K1-rpS6 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Departments of Cellular Biology & Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jialing Yuan
- Departments of Cellular Biology & Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Caihong Dai
- Departments of Cellular Biology & Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jinxian Xu
- Departments of Cellular Biology & Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shude Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel T Kleven
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Departments of Cellular Biology & Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Zimmerman KA, Huang J, He L, Revell DZ, Li Z, Hsu JS, Fitzgibbon WR, Hazard ES, Hardiman G, Mrug M, Bell PD, Yoder BK, Saigusa T. Interferon Regulatory Factor-5 in Resident Macrophage Promotes Polycystic Kidney Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 1:179-190. [PMID: 33490963 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001052019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is caused by genetic mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Macrophages and their associated inflammatory cytokines promote cyst progression; however, transcription factors within macrophages that control cytokine production and cystic disease are unknown. Methods In these studies, we used conditional Pkd1 mice to test the hypothesis that macrophage-localized interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5), a transcription factor associated with production of cyst-promoting cytokines (TNFα, IL-6), is required for accelerated cyst progression in a unilateral nephrectomy (1K) model. Analyses of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and flow-cytometry data 3 weeks post nephrectomy, a time point before the onset of severe cystogenesis, indicate an accumulation of inflammatory infiltrating and resident macrophages in 1K Pkd1 mice compared with controls. qRT-PCR data from FACS cells at this time demonstrate that macrophages from 1K Pkd1 mice have increased expression of Irf5 compared with controls. To determine the importance of macrophage-localized Irf5 in cyst progression, we injected scrambled or IRF5 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in 1K Pkd1 mice and analyzed the effect on macrophage numbers, cytokine production, and renal cystogenesis 6 weeks post nephrectomy. Results Analyses of qRT-PCR and IRF5 ASO treatment significantly reduced macrophage numbers, Irf5 expression in resident-but not infiltrating-macrophages, and the severity of cystic disease. In addition, IRF5 ASO treatment in 1K Pkd1 mice reduced Il6 expression in resident macrophages, which was correlated with reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and downstream p-STAT3 target gene expression. Conclusions These data suggest that Irf5 promotes inflammatory cytokine production in resident macrophages resulting in accelerated cystogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jifeng Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lan He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dustin Z Revell
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jung-Shan Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Academic Affairs Faculty and Computational Biology Resource Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Mrug
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Takamitsu Saigusa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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34
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Liu T, Dai C, Xu J, Li S, Chen JK. The expression level of class III phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase controls the degree of compensatory nephron hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F628-F638. [PMID: 31904289 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00381.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive compensatory nephron hypertrophy (CNH) has been implicated in setting the stage for progressive nephron damage. Lack of a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Pik3c3) inhibitor suitable for using in animals and lack of a Pik3c3-deficient animal model preclude the possibility of conclusively defining a role for Pik3c3 in CNH in previous studies. Here, we report that insertion of an Frt-flanked PGK-Neo cassette into intron 19 of the mouse Pik3c3 gene resulted in a hypomorphic allele. This allowed us to create a unique mouse model and provide the first definitive genetic evidence demonstrating whether Pik3c3 is essential for the regulation of CNH. Our results indicate that homozygous Pik3c3 hypomorphic (Pik3c3Hypo/Hypo) mice express significantly low levels of Pik3c3 than heterozygous Pik3c3 hypomorphic (Pik3c3Hypo/WT) littermates, which already express a lower level of Pik3c3 than wild-type (Pik3c3WT/WT) littermates. Interestingly, after unilateral nephrectomy (UNX), Pik3c3Hypo/Hypo mice develop a significantly lower degree of CNH than Pik3c3WT/WT mice and Pik3c3Hypo/WT mice, as revealed by measurement of kidney weight, kidney-to-body weight ratio, renal protein-to-DNA ratio, and morphometric analysis of proximal tubular and glomerular size. Mechanistically, UNX-induced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling to phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) in the remaining kidney was markedly inhibited in Pik3c3 hypomorphic mice. In conclusion, the present study reports a Pik3c3 hypomorphic mouse model and provides the first definitive evidence that Pik3c3 controls the degree of compensatory nephron hypertrophy. In addition, our signaling data provide the first definitive in vivo proof that Pik3c3 functions upstream of the mTORC1-S6 kinase 1-rpS6 pathway in the regulation of compensatory nephron hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Gerogia
| | - Caihong Dai
- Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Gerogia
| | - Jinxian Xu
- Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Gerogia
| | - Shude Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Gerogia
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35
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Tang J, Goldschmeding R, Samarakoon R, Higgins PJ. Protein phosphatase Mg 2+ /Mn 2+ dependent-1A and PTEN deregulation in renal fibrosis: Novel mechanisms and co-dependency of expression. FASEB J 2019; 34:2641-2656. [PMID: 31909517 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902015rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PPM1A and PTEN emerged as novel suppressors of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Since loss of PPM1A and PTEN in the tubulointerstitium promotes fibrogenesis, defining molecular events underlying PPM1A/PTEN deregulation is necessary to develop expression rescue as novel therapeutic strategies. Here we identify TGF-β1 as a principle repressor of PPM1A, as conditional renal tubular-specific induction of TGF-β1 in mice dramatically downregulates kidney PPM1A expression. TGF-β1 similarly attenuates PPM1A and PTEN expression in human renal epithelial cells and fibroblasts, via a protein degradation mechanism by promoting their ubiquitination. A proteasome inhibitor MG132 rescues PPM1A and PTEN expression, even in the presence of TGF-β1, along with decreased fibrogenesis. Restoration of PPM1A or PTEN similarly limits SMAD3 phosphorylation and the activation of TGF-β1-induced fibrotic genes. Concurrent loss of PPM1A and PTEN levels in aristolochic acid nephropathy further suggests crosstalk between these repressors. PPM1A silencing in renal fibroblasts, moreover, results in PTEN loss, while PTEN stable depletion decreases PPM1A expression with acquisition of a fibroproliferative phenotype in each case. Transient PPM1A expression, conversely, elevates cellular PTEN levels while lentiviral PTEN introduction increases PPM1A expression. PPM1A and PTEN, therefore, co-regulate each other's relative abundance, identifying a previously unknown pathological link between TGF-β1 repressors, contributing to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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36
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Zhang MZ, Sasaki K, Li Y, Li Z, Pan Y, Jin GN, Wang Y, Niu A, Wang S, Fan X, Chen JC, Borza C, Yang H, Pozzi A, Fogo AB, Harris RC. The Role of the EGF Receptor in Sex Differences in Kidney Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1659-1673. [PMID: 31292196 PMCID: PMC6727256 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences mediating predisposition to kidney injury are well known, with evidence indicating lower CKD incidence rates and slower decline in renal function in nondiabetic CKD for premenopausal women compared with men. However, signaling pathways involved have not been elucidated to date. The EGF receptor (EGFR) is widely expressed in the kidney in glomeruli and tubules, and persistent and dysregulated EGFR activation mediates progressive renal injury. METHODS To investigate the sex differences in response to renal injury, we examined EGFR expression in mice, in human kidney tissue, and in cultured cell lines. RESULTS In wild type mice, renal mRNA and protein EGFR levels were comparable in males and females at postnatal day 7 but were significantly lower in age-matched adult females than in adult males. Similar gender differences in renal EGFR expression were detected in normal adult human kidneys. In Dsk5 mutant mice with a gain-of-function allele that increases basal EGFR kinase activity, males had progressive glomerulopathy, albuminuria, loss of podocytes, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but female Dsk5 mice had minimal kidney injury. Oophorectomy had no effect on renal EGFR levels in female Dsk5 mice, while castration protected against the kidney injury in male Dsk5 mice, in association with a reduction in EGFR expression to levels seen in females. Conversely, testosterone increased EGFR expression and renal injury in female Dsk5 mice. Testosterone directly stimulated EGFR expression in cultured kidney cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that differential renal EGFR expression plays a role in the sex differences in susceptibility to progressive kidney injury that may be mediated at least in part by testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine,
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
| | - Yu Pan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Guan-Nan Jin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Suwan Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Jian Chun Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Corina Borza
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | | | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
| | - Agnes B Fogo
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
- Department of Pathology, and
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine,
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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37
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Takenaka T, Inoue T, Miyazaki T, Kobori H, Nishiyama A, Ishii N, Hayashi M, Suzuki H. Klotho Ameliorates Medullary Fibrosis and Pressure Natriuresis in Hypertensive Rat Kidneys. Hypertension 2019; 72:1151-1159. [PMID: 30354813 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renal expression of klotho is reduced in hypertension. Experiments were performed to examine whether exogenous klotho protein supplementation ameliorates pressure natriuresis in early phase of hypertension, using stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (sp-SHR). The interactions between klotho protein and renal renin-Ang (angiotensin) system were examined with immunoprecipitation and cell culture methods. Uninephrectomy was performed in sp-SHRs to induce nephrosclerosis, and they were treated with exogenous klotho protein or vehicle. Exogenous klotho protein supplementation to sp-SHR decreased blood pressure, renal Ang II levels, AGT (angiotensinogen) expression, HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α abundance, and medullary fibronectin levels, with increased renal klotho expression and serum and urine klotho levels. Klotho supplementation also reduced kidney weight, renal phosphorylated Akt, and mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) abundance. Furthermore, klotho supplementation restored renal autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate and enhanced pressure-induced natriuresis in sp-SHR. Klotho protein bound to AT1R (Ang II type-1 receptor) and decreased the presence of AT1R on HK-2 (human proximal tubular) cells, attenuating inositol triphosphate generation. Klotho protein suppressed Ang II-induced increments of AGT expression in HK-2 cells. Collectively, the present data demonstrate that klotho binds with the AT1R to suppress Ang signal transduction, participating in inactivating renal renin-Ang system. Our results also suggest that exogenous klotho supplementation represses Akt-mTOR signaling to reduce renal hypertrophy and restore the autoregulatory ability of glomerular filtration rate in uninephrectomized sp-SHRs. Finally, the present findings implicate that klotho supplementation inhibits HIF-1α pathway and medullary fibrosis, contributing to enhancements of pressure natriuresis and reduction in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Takenaka
- From the Department of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan (T.T., H.K.)
| | - Tsutomu Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Japan (T.I., T.M., H.S.)
| | - Takashi Miyazaki
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Japan (T.I., T.M., H.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kobori
- From the Department of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Minato, Tokyo, Japan (T.T., H.K.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University, Kita, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Naohito Ishii
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan (N.I.)
| | - Matsuhiko Hayashi
- Blood Purification Center, Keio University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Japan (T.I., T.M., H.S.)
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Rojas-Canales DM, Li JY, Makuei L, Gleadle JM. Compensatory renal hypertrophy following nephrectomy: When and how? Nephrology (Carlton) 2019; 24:1225-1232. [PMID: 30809888 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following surgical removal of one kidney, the other enlarges and increases its function. The mechanism for the sensing of this change and the growth is incompletely understood but begins within days and compensatory renal hypertrophy (CRH) is the dominant contributor to the growth. In many individuals undergoing nephrectomy for cancer or kidney donation this produces a substantial and helpful increase in renal function. Two main mechanisms have been proposed, one in which increased activity by the remaining kidney leads to hypertrophy, the second in which there is release of a kidney specific factor in response to a unilateral nephrectomy that initiates CRH. Whilst multiple growth factors and pathways such as the mTORC pathway have been implicated in experimental studies, their roles and the precise mechanism of CRH are not defined. Unrestrained hypoxia inducible factor activation in renal cancer promotes growth and may play an important role in driving CRH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darling M Rojas-Canales
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jordan Y Li
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leek Makuei
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Gleadle
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zambaiti E, Sergio M, Baldanza F, Corrado C, Di Pace MR, Cimador M. Correlation between hypertrophy and risk of hypertension in congenital solitary functioning kidney. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:167-174. [PMID: 30374633 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Solitary functioning kidney (SFK) may be associated to hypertrophy, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. We evaluated blood pressure (BP) of children with congenital SFK comparing agenesis to multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) and correlated BP profiles with renal dimensions of affected and contralateral kidney. METHODS We compared 40 patients with MCDK, grouped for either treatment options (A: conservative vs B: nephrectomy) or involution time (A1: before 4 years-of-age vs A2: persistence-of-MCDK), to 10 unilateral agenesis (C). Patients were evaluated with ultrasound, scintigraphy, office-ambulatory BP monitoring. RESULTS Compensatory hypertrophy was demonstrated in most of the subjects, without differences between subgroups, with an increase over time (p < 0.001). A1-C showed an overall percentage of hypertrophy significantly higher than A2-B (83%-88% vs 70%-73%, respectively; p = 0.03); moreover, cumulative risk to develop hypertension in A1-C is significantly higher compared to A2-B in office and ambulatory BP monitoring (p = 0.03). Insufficient dipping in systolic and/or diastolic BP was found in 82% children, without differences between subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a small/absent dysplastic kidney have an increased risk to develop hypertrophy and hypertension compared to patients with a large residual, regardless of nephrectomy. ABPM revealed absent dipping in most patients with SFK, warning further investigations in apparently not symptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zambaiti
- Pediatric Urological Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", AOU Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Via Giordano 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Sergio
- Pediatric Urological Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", AOU Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Via Giordano 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Baldanza
- Pediatric Urological Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", AOU Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Via Giordano 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ciro Corrado
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Children's Hospital 'G. Di Cristina', A.R.N.A.S. 'Civico', Piazza Nicola Leotta 4, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Di Pace
- Pediatric Urological Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", AOU Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Via Giordano 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Cimador
- Pediatric Urological Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", AOU Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Via Giordano 3, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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40
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Vps34/PI3KC3 deletion in kidney proximal tubules impairs apical trafficking and blocks autophagic flux, causing a Fanconi-like syndrome and renal insufficiency. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14133. [PMID: 30237523 PMCID: PMC6148293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney proximal tubular cells (PTCs) are highly specialized for ultrafiltrate reabsorption and serve as paradigm of apical epithelial differentiation. Vps34/PI3-kinase type III (PI3KC3) regulates endosomal dynamics, macroautophagy and lysosomal function. However, its in vivo role in PTCs has not been evaluated. Conditional deletion of Vps34/PI3KC3 in PTCs by Pax8-Cre resulted in early (P7) PTC dysfunction, manifested by Fanconi-like syndrome, followed by kidney failure (P14) and death. By confocal microscopy, Vps34∆/∆ PTCs showed preserved apico-basal specification (brush border, NHERF-1 versus Na+/K+-ATPase, ankyrin-G) but basal redistribution of late-endosomes/lysosomes (LAMP-1) and mis-localization to lysosomes of apical recycling endocytic receptors (megalin, cubilin) and apical non-recycling solute carriers (NaPi-IIa, SGLT-2). Defective endocytosis was confirmed by Texas-red-ovalbumin tracing and reduced albumin content. Disruption of Rab-11 and perinuclear galectin-3 compartments suggested mechanistic clues for defective receptor recycling and apical biosynthetic trafficking. p62-dependent autophagy was triggered yet abortive (p62 co-localization with LC3 but not LAMP-1) and PTCs became vacuolated. Impaired lysosomal positioning and blocked autophagy are known causes of cell stress. Thus, early trafficking defects show that Vps34 is a key in vivo component of molecular machineries governing apical vesicular trafficking, thus absorptive function in PTCs. Functional defects underline the essential role of Vps34 for PTC homeostasis and kidney survival.
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41
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Brown AL, Fluitt MB, Ecelbarger CM. Mechanistic target of rapamycin: integrating growth factor and nutrient signaling in the collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F413-F416. [PMID: 29846113 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00170.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal collecting duct and other postmacula densa sites are the primary tubular regions for fine-tuning of electrolyte homeostasis in the body. A role for the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine-threonine kinase, has recently been appreciated in this regulation. mTOR exists in two distinct multiprotein functional complexes, i.e., mTORC1 and mTORC2. Upregulation of mTORC1, by growth factors and amino acids, is associated with cell cycle regulation and hypertrophic changes. In contrast, mTORC2 has been demonstrated to have a role in regulating Na+ and K+ reabsorptive processes, including those downstream of insulin and serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK). In addition, mTORC2 can upregulate mTORC1. A number of elegant in vitro and in vivo studies using cell systems and genetically modified mice have revealed mechanisms underlying activation of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and the renal outer medullary K+ channel (ROMK) by mTORC2. Overall, mTOR in its systematic integration of phosphorylative signaling facilitates the delicate balance of whole body electrolyte homeostasis in the face of changes in metabolic status. Thus, inappropriate regulation of renal mTOR has the potential to result in electrolyte disturbances, such as acidosis/alkalosis, hyponatremia, and hypertension. The goal of this minireview is to highlight the physiological role of mTOR in its complexes in regulating electrolyte homeostasis in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Brown
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Maurice B Fluitt
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Carolyn M Ecelbarger
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
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42
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Pillai SM, Seebeck P, Fingerhut R, Huang J, Ming XF, Yang Z, Verrey F. Kidney Mass Reduction Leads to l-Arginine Metabolism-Dependent Blood Pressure Increase in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008025. [PMID: 29478971 PMCID: PMC5866334 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Uninephrectomy (UNX) is performed for various reasons, including kidney cancer or donation. Kidneys being the main site of l‐arginine production in the body, we tested whether UNX mediated kidney mass reduction impacts l‐arginine metabolism and thereby nitric oxide production and blood pressure regulation in mice. Methods and Results In a first series of experiments, we observed a significant increase in arterial blood pressure 8 days post‐UNX in female and not in male mice. Further experimental series were performed in female mice, and the blood pressure increase was confirmed by telemetry. l‐citrulline, that is used in the kidney to produce l‐arginine, was elevated post‐UNX as was also asymmetric dimethylarginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase that competes with l‐arginine and is a marker for renal failure. Interestingly, the UNX‐induced blood pressure increase was prevented by supplementation of the diet with 5% of the l‐arginine precursor, l‐citrulline. Because l‐arginine is metabolized in the kidney and other peripheral tissues by arginase‐2, we tested whether the lack of this metabolic pathway also compensates for decreased l‐arginine production in the kidney and/or for local nitric oxide synthase inhibition and consecutive blood pressure increase. Indeed, upon uninephrectomy, arginase‐2 knockout mice (Arg‐2−/−) neither displayed an increase in asymmetric dimethylarginine and l‐citrulline plasma levels nor a significant increase in blood pressure. Conclusions UNX leads to a small increase in blood pressure that is prevented by l‐citrulline supplementation or arginase deficiency, 2 measures that appear to compensate for the impact of kidney mass reduction on l‐arginine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyuktha Muralidharan Pillai
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Seebeck
- Zurich Integrative Rodent Physiology (ZIRP), University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Swiss Newborn Screening Laboratory, Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ji Huang
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Science and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - François Verrey
- Institute of Physiology, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP) and NCCR Kidney.CH, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Life with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK) may be different from that when born with two kidneys. Based on the hyperfiltration hypothesis, a SFK may lead to glomerular damage with hypertension, albuminuria and progression towards end-stage renal disease. As the prognosis of kidney donors was considered to be very good, having a SFK has been considered to be a benign condition. In contrast, our research group has demonstrated that being born with or acquiring a SFK in childhood results in renal injury before adulthood in over 50% of those affected. Most congenital cases will be detected during antenatal ultrasound screening, but up to 38% of cases of unilateral renal agenesis are missed. In about 25-50% of cases of antenatally detected SFK there will be signs of hypertrophy, which could indicate additional nephron formation and is associated with a somewhat reduced risk of renal injury. Additional renal and extrarenal anomalies are frequently detected and may denote a genetic cause for the SFK, even though for the majority of cases no explanation can (yet) be found. The ongoing glomerular hyperfiltration results in renal injury, for which early markers are lacking. Individuals with SFK should avoid obesity and excessive salt intake to limit additional hyperfiltration. As conditions like hypertension, albuminuria and a mildly reduced glomerular filtration rate generally do not result in specific complaints but may pose a threat to long-term health, screening for renal injury in any individual with a SFK would appear to be imperative, starting from infancy. With early treatment, secondary consequences may be diminished, thereby providing the optimal life for anyone born with a SFK.
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44
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Fitzgibbon WR, Dang Y, Bunni MA, Baicu CF, Zile MR, Mullick AE, Saigusa T. Attenuation of accelerated renal cystogenesis in Pkd1 mice by renin-angiotensin system blockade. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F210-F218. [PMID: 29021226 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00389.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrarenal renin angiotensin system (RAS) is activated in polycystic kidney disease. We have recently shown in the Pkd1 mouse that Gen 2 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), which suppresses angiotensinogen (Agt) synthesis, is efficacious in slowing kidney cyst formation compared with lisinopril. The aim of this current study was to determine 1) if unilateral nephrectomy accelerates cystogenesis in Pkd1 mice (as previously shown in cilia knockout mice) and 2) whether Agt ASO can slow the progression in this accelerated cystic mouse model. Adult Pkd1 conditional floxed allele mice expressing cre were administered tamoxifen, resulting in global knockout of Pkd1. Three weeks after tamoxifen injection, mice underwent left unilateral nephrectomy. Mice were then treated with Agt ASO (75 mg/kg per week) or aliskiren (20 mg/kg per day)+Agt ASO or control for 8 wk. Unilateral nephrectomy accelerated kidney cyst formation compared with nonnephrectomized mice. Both Agt ASO and Aliskiren+Agt ASO treatments significantly reduced plasma and urinary Agt levels. Blood pressure was lowest in Aliskiren+Agt ASO mice among all treatment groups, and the control group had the highest blood pressure. All mice developed significant kidney cysts at 8 wk after nephrectomy, but Agt ASO and Aliskiren+Agt ASO groups had fewer kidney cysts than controls. Renal pAkt, pS6 levels, and apoptosis were significantly suppressed in those receiving Agt ASO compared with controls. These results indicate that suppressing Agt using an ASO slowed the progression of accelerated cystic kidney disease induced by unilateral nephrectomy in Pkd1 mice by suppressing intrarenal RAS, mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne R Fitzgibbon
- Divison of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yujing Dang
- Divison of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Marlene A Bunni
- Divison of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Catalin F Baicu
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Michael R Zile
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Takamitsu Saigusa
- Divison of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.,Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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45
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Bera A, Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Mariappan MM, Kasinath BS, Ghosh Choudhury G. Reciprocal regulation of miR-214 and PTEN by high glucose regulates renal glomerular mesangial and proximal tubular epithelial cell hypertrophy and matrix expansion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C430-C447. [PMID: 28701356 PMCID: PMC5668576 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00081.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs) contributes to diabetic renal complications, including renal hypertrophy and matrix protein accumulation. Reduced expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) by hyperglycemia contributes to these processes. We considered involvement of miR in the downregulation of PTEN. In the renal cortex of type 1 diabetic mice, we detected increased expression of miR-214 in association with decreased levels of PTEN and enhanced Akt phosphorylation and fibronectin expression. Mesangial and proximal tubular epithelial cells exposed to high glucose showed augmented expression of miR-214. Mutagenesis studies using 3'-UTR of PTEN in a reporter construct revealed PTEN as a direct target of miR-214, which controls its expression in both of these cells. Overexpression of miR-214 decreased the levels of PTEN and increased Akt activity similar to high glucose and lead to phosphorylation of its substrates glycogen synthase kinase-3β, PRAS40, and tuberin. In contrast, quenching of miR-214 inhibited high-glucose-induced Akt activation and its substrate phosphorylation; these changes were reversed by small interfering RNAs against PTEN. Importantly, respective expression of miR-214 or anti-miR-214 increased or decreased the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity induced by high glucose. Furthermore, mTORC1 activity was controlled by miR-214-targeted PTEN via Akt activation. In addition, neutralization of high-glucose-stimulated miR-214 expression significantly inhibited cell hypertrophy and expression of the matrix protein fibronectin. Finally, the anti-miR-214-induced inhibition of these processes was reversed by the expression of constitutively active Akt kinase and hyperactive mTORC1. These results uncover a significant role of miR-214 in the activation of mTORC1 that contributes to high-glucose-induced mesangial and proximal tubular cell hypertrophy and fibronectin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bera
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Department of Pathology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | | | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas;
- Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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46
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Zepeda-Orozco D, Wen HM, Hamilton BA, Raikwar NS, Thomas CP. EGF regulation of proximal tubule cell proliferation and VEGF-A secretion. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/18/e13453. [PMID: 28963126 PMCID: PMC5617933 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule cell (PTC) proliferation is critical for tubular regeneration and recovery from acute kidney injury. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A) are important for the maintenance of tubulointerstitial integrity and can stimulate PTC proliferation. We utilized HK‐2 cells, an immortalized human PTC line, to characterize the EGF‐dependent regulation of VEGF‐A secretion and proliferation in PTCs. We demonstrate that EGF stimulates VEGF‐A secretion via the EGF receptor (EGFR) and stimulates cell proliferation via activation of the VEGF receptor, VEGFR‐2. EGFR activation promotes MAPK (ERK1/2) activation and HIF‐1α expression, which are required for basal and EGF‐stimulated VEGF‐A secretion. EGF also stimulates the phosphorylation of P70S6 kinase (P70S6K), the downstream target of mTORC1. Rapamycin decreased basal and EGF stimulated HIF‐1α and enhanced MAPK (ERK1/2) activation, while MAPK (ERK/12) inhibition downregulated HIF‐1α expression and the phosphorylation of p70S6K. EGF stimulation of p70S6K was also independent of p‐AKT. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway with rapamycin abolished phosphorylation of p70S6K but had no effect on VEGF‐A secretion, indicating that EGF‐stimulated VEGF‐A secretion did not require mTORC1 pathway activation. We demonstrate evidence of a complex crosstalk between the MAPK/ERK and mTORC1 pathways, wherein MAPK (ERK1/2) activation stimulates p‐P70S6K, while p‐P70S6K activation seems to inhibit MAPK (ERK1/2) in EGF‐treated HK‐2 cells. Our results suggest that EGF stimulates MAPK (ERK1/2) in HK‐2 cells, which in turn increases HIF‐1α expression and VEGF‐A secretion, indicating that VEGF‐A mediates EGF‐stimulated cell proliferation as an autocrine proximal tubular epithelial cell growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hsiang M Wen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bradley A Hamilton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nandita S Raikwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christie P Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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47
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Evaluation of the impact of gut microbiota on uremic solute accumulation by a CE-TOFMS–based metabolomics approach. Kidney Int 2017; 92:634-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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48
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Zhou J, Jia L, Hu Z, Wang Y. Pharmacological Inhibition of PTEN Aggravates Acute Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9503. [PMID: 28842716 PMCID: PMC5572703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion is a major cause of acute kidney injury. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) are not fully defined. Here, we investigated the role of PTEN, a dual protein/lipid phosphatase, in the development of ischemic AKI in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of PTEN with bpV(HOpic) exacerbated renal dysfunction and promoted tubular damage in mice with IRI compared with vehicle-treated mice with IRI. PTEN inhibition enhanced tubular cell apoptosis in kidneys with IRI, which was associated with excessive caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, PTEN inhibition expanded the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages into kidneys with IRI, which was accompanied by increased expression of the proinflammatory molecules. These results have demonstrated that PTEN plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury through regulating tubular cell apoptosis and inflammation suggesting PTEN could be a potential therapeutic target for acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Foshan, China
| | - Li Jia
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID) and Renal Section, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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49
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Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth and metabolism. In mammals, growth factors and cellular energy stimulate mTORC1 activity through inhibition of the TSC complex (TSC1-TSC2-TBC1D7), a negative regulator of mTORC1. Amino acids signal to mTORC1 independently of the TSC complex. Here, we review recently identified regulators that link amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1 activity and how mutations affecting these regulators cause human disease.
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50
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Journal Club. Kidney Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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