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Çağlayan D, Koçak MZ, Geredeli Ç, Atcı MM, Tatlı AM, Göksu SS, Eryılmaz MK, Araz M, Artaç M. The impact of body mass index on the progression-free survival of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer patients. Future Oncol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39316555 DOI: 10.1080/14796694.2024.2402212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Endocrine therapy (ET) plus cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors is a standard treatment for hormone receptor (HR) positive HER-2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on progression-free survival (PFS) in patients receiving ET plus CDK 4/6 inhibitors.Materials & methods: Patients with metastatic HR-positive breast cancer receiving CDK 4/6 inhibitors were included in the study. A total of 116 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMI level: normal weight (group 1) 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, overweight (group 2) 25-29.9 kg/m2 and obese (group 3): ≥30 kg/m2. Median follow-up was 10.83 months. Comparisons of PFS and BMI categories were performed by Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test.Results: PFS was 9.3 (5.3-13.4) months in normal weight patients and 11.1 (9.7-12.56) months in obese patients and was not reached in overweight patients. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02).Conclusion: Low BMI has been shown to have a negative prognostic effect on survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer and overweight patients had a longer PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çağlayan
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zahid Koçak
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Çağlayan Geredeli
- Okmeydanı Training & Research Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Mustafa Atcı
- Prof. Dr. Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Murat Tatlı
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Sema Sezgin Göksu
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Melek Karakurt Eryılmaz
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Murat Araz
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Artaç
- Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Konya, Turkey
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2
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Dişli ŞY, Fidan E. Evaluation of the relationship between toxicity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and body surface area. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e20230680. [PMID: 37971123 PMCID: PMC10645177 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20230680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the toxicity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors and body mass index and body surface area. METHODS A total of 83 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups as 18-24.9, 25-29.9, 30-39.9, and >40 kg/m2 according to body mass index and into two groups as below and above 1.77 according to body surface area. The relationship between body mass index and body surface area and side effects was evaluated. RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found between body mass index groups and side effects. Grade 3 neutropenia was more common in patients on palbociclib with a body surface area≤1.77. In our study, it was revealed that less hematological side effects can be encountered when body surface area is taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evren Fidan
- Karadeniz Technical University, Department of Medical Oncology – Trabzon, Turkey
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3
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Nong S, Han X, Xiang Y, Qian Y, Wei Y, Zhang T, Tian K, Shen K, Yang J, Ma X. Metabolic reprogramming in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutics. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e218. [PMID: 36994237 PMCID: PMC10041388 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells characterized by uncontrolled growth and proliferation require altered metabolic processes to maintain this characteristic. Metabolic reprogramming is a process mediated by various factors, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, changes in growth factors, and tumor-host cell interactions, which help to meet the needs of cancer cell anabolism and promote tumor development. Metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells is dynamically variable, depending on the tumor type and microenvironment, and reprogramming involves multiple metabolic pathways. These metabolic pathways have complex mechanisms and involve the coordination of various signaling molecules, proteins, and enzymes, which increases the resistance of tumor cells to traditional antitumor therapies. With the development of cancer therapies, metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a new therapeutic target for metabolic changes in tumor cells. Therefore, understanding how multiple metabolic pathways in cancer cells change can provide a reference for the development of new therapies for tumor treatment. Here, we systemically reviewed the metabolic changes and their alteration factors, together with the current tumor regulation treatments and other possible treatments that are still under investigation. Continuous efforts are needed to further explore the mechanism of cancer metabolism reprogramming and corresponding metabolic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Nong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiaoyue Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yuran Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Yuhao Wei
- Department of Clinical MedicineWest China School of MedicineWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Tingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Keyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of OncologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xuelei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologyWest China School of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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4
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Xue S, Liu K, Zhao L, Zhou L, Gao X, Liu L, Liu N, He J. The role of miR-369-3p in proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes in Aohan fine-wool sheep. Arch Anim Breed 2023. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-66-93-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a large class of non-coding RNAs
that play important roles in the proliferation and differentiation of
adipocytes. Our previous sequencing analysis revealed higher expression of
miR-369-3p in the longissimus muscle of 2-month-old Aohan fine-wool sheep
(AFWS) compared to 12-month-old sheep (P<0.05), suggesting that
miR-369-3p may regulate fat deposition in AFWS. To test this, miR-369-3p
mimics, inhibitors, and negative controls (NCs) were constructed and
transfected into AFWS preadipocytes. After transfection with miR-369-3p
mimics, we found a decrease (P<0.05) in the expression of genes and
proteins related to cell proliferation and differentiation, detected by
RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) and western blot analyses. Moreover, EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) detection and Oil Red O
staining showed a decrease (P<0.05) in cell proliferation and lipid
accumulation, respectively. The opposite trends (P<0.05) were
obtained after transfection with miR-369-3p inhibitors. In conclusion, the
results showed that miR-369-3p can inhibit the proliferation and
differentiation of AFWS preadipocytes, providing a theoretical basis to
further explore the molecular mechanism of fat deposition in sheep and other
domestic animals.
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5
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Colon-Mesa I, Sainz N, Corrales P, Collantes M, Kaldis P, Martinez JA, Medina-Gómez G, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Escoté X. p27Kip1 Deficiency Impairs Brown Adipose Tissue Function Favouring Fat Accumulation in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032664. [PMID: 36768986 PMCID: PMC9916555 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the whole-body deletion of p27 on the activity of brown adipose tissue and the susceptibility to develop obesity and glucose homeostasis disturbances in mice, especially when subjected to a high fat diet. p27 knockout (p27-/-) and wild type (WT) mice were fed a normal chow diet or a high fat diet (HFD) for 10-weeks. Body weight and composition were assessed. Insulin and glucose tolerance tests and indirect calorimetry assays were performed. Histological analysis of interscapular BAT (iBAT) was carried out, and expression of key genes/proteins involved in BAT function were characterized by qPCR and Western blot. iBAT activity was estimated by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) uptake with microPET. p27-/- mice were more prone to develop obesity and insulin resistance, exhibiting increased size of all fat depots. p27-/- mice displayed a higher respiratory exchange ratio. iBAT presented larger adipocytes in p27-/- HFD mice, accompanied by downregulation of both Glut1 and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in parallel with defective insulin signalling. Moreover, p27-/- HFD mice exhibited impaired response to cold exposure, characterized by a reduced iBAT 18FDG uptake and difficulty to maintain body temperature when exposed to cold compared to WT HFD mice, suggesting reduced thermogenic capacity. These data suggest that p27 could play a role in BAT activation and in the susceptibility to develop obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Colon-Mesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sainz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Collantes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Philipp Kaldis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), P.O. Box 50332, SE-202 13 Malmö, Sweden
- Lund University Diabetes Centre (LUDC), Lund University, SE-202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - José Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- LAFEMEX Laboratory, Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - María Jesús Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdISNA—Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain
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Lopez‐Mejia IC, Pijuan J, Navaridas R, Santacana M, Gatius S, Velasco A, Castellà G, Panosa A, Cabiscol E, Pinyol M, Coll L, Bonifaci N, Peña LP, Vidal A, Villanueva A, Gari E, Llobet‐Navàs D, Fajas L, Matias‐Guiu X, Yeramian A. Oxidative stress-induced FAK activation contributes to uterine serous carcinoma aggressiveness. Mol Oncol 2022; 17:98-118. [PMID: 36409196 PMCID: PMC9812840 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine serous carcinoma (USC) is an aggressive form of endometrial cancer (EC), characterized by its high propensity for metastases. In fact, while endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), which accounts for 85% of EC, presents a good prognosis, USC is the most frequently fatal. Herein, we used for the first time a peptide-based tyrosine-kinase-activity profiling approach to quantify the changes in tyrosine kinase activation between USC and EEC. Among the tyrosine kinases highly activated in USC, we identified focal adhesion kinase (FAK). We conducted mechanistic studies using cellular models. In a USC cell line, targeting FAK either by inhibitors PF-573228 and defactinib (VS-6063) or by gene silencing limits 3D cell growth and reduces cell migration. Moreover, results from our studies suggest that oxidative stress is increased in USC tumors compared to EEC ones. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and a concomitant tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin, a mediator of FAK signal transduction. Mechanistically, by tracking hundreds of individual cells per condition, we show that ROS increased cell distance and migration velocity, highlighting the role of ROS-FAK-PAX signaling in cell migration. Both defactinib and ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) revert this effect, pointing toward ROS as potential culprits for the increase in USC cell motility. A proof of concept of the role of FAK in controlling cell growth was obtained in in vivo experiments using cancer-tissue-originated spheroids (CTOS) and a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model (orthoxenograft/PDOX). Defactinib reduces cell proliferation and protein oxidation, supporting a pro-tumoral antioxidant role of FAK, whereas antioxidant NAC reverts FAK inhibitor effects. Overall, our data points to ROS-mediated FAK activation in USC as being responsible for the poor prognosis of this tumor type and emphasize the potential of FAK inhibition for USC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Pijuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – Pediatric Institute of Rare DiseasesInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuBarcelonaSpain
| | - Raúl Navaridas
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Maria Santacana
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Sònia Gatius
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Ana Velasco
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Gerard Castellà
- Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, IRB‐LleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Anaïs Panosa
- Flow Cytometry and Confocal Microscopy Unit, IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Elisa Cabiscol
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Miquel Pinyol
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - Laura Coll
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)Gran via de l'HospitaletBarcelonaSpain
| | - Núria Bonifaci
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)MadridSpain
| | - Laura Plata Peña
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)Gran via de l'HospitaletBarcelonaSpain
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology‐HospitalUniversitari de BellvitgeBarcelonaSpain,Xenopat S.L., Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB)Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Xenopat S.L., Parc Cientific de Barcelona (PCB)Spain,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), ICO, IDIBELLBarcelonaSpain
| | - Eloi Gari
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
| | - David Llobet‐Navàs
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)Gran via de l'HospitaletBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)MadridSpain
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Xavier Matias‐Guiu
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain,Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)Gran via de l'HospitaletBarcelonaSpain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)MadridSpain,Department of Pathology‐HospitalUniversitari de BellvitgeBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrée Yeramian
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova (HUAV), IRBLleidaUniversity of LleidaSpain
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Li Q, Spalding KL. The regulation of adipocyte growth in white adipose tissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003219. [PMID: 36483678 PMCID: PMC9723158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes can increase in volume up to a thousand-fold, storing excess calories as triacylglycerol in large lipid droplets. The dramatic morphological changes required of adipocytes demands extensive cytoskeletal remodeling, including lipid droplet and plasma membrane expansion. Cell growth-related signalling pathways are activated, stimulating the production of sufficient amino acids, functional lipids and nucleotides to meet the increasing cellular needs of lipid storage, metabolic activity and adipokine secretion. Continued expansion gives rise to enlarged (hypertrophic) adipocytes. This can result in a failure to maintain growth-related homeostasis and an inability to cope with excess nutrition or respond to stimuli efficiently, ultimately leading to metabolic dysfunction. We summarize recent studies which investigate the functional and cellular structure remodeling of hypertrophic adipocytes. How adipocytes adapt to an enlarged cell size and how this relates to cellular dysfunction are discussed. Understanding the healthy and pathological processes involved in adipocyte hypertrophy may shed light on new strategies for promoting healthy adipose tissue expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kirsty L. Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Baker SJ, Poulikakos PI, Irie HY, Parekh S, Reddy EP. CDK4: a master regulator of the cell cycle and its role in cancer. Genes Cancer 2022; 13:21-45. [PMID: 36051751 PMCID: PMC9426627 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is regulated in part by cyclins and their associated serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinases, or CDKs. CDK4, in conjunction with the D-type cyclins, mediates progression through the G1 phase when the cell prepares to initiate DNA synthesis. Although Cdk4-null mutant mice are viable and cell proliferation is not significantly affected in vitro due to compensatory roles played by other CDKs, this gene plays a key role in mammalian development and cancer. This review discusses the role that CDK4 plays in cell cycle control, normal development and tumorigenesis as well as the current status and utility of approved small molecule CDK4/6 inhibitors that are currently being used as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey J. Baker
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Poulikos I. Poulikakos
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hanna Y. Irie
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
| | - E. Premkumar Reddy
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Levy Place, NY 10029, USA
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9
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Effects of Berberine on Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071739. [PMID: 35885044 PMCID: PMC9312506 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents chronic low-grade inflammation that precipitates type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Berberine (BBR) has been reported to exert anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory benefits. We aimed to demonstrate the underlying immune-modulating mechanisms of anti-obesity effects of BBR. First, we performed in silico study to identify therapeutic targets, describe potential pathways, and simulate BBR docking at M1 and M2 adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, CCL5, and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Next, in vivo, we divided 20 C58BL/6 mice into four groups: normal chow, control (high fat diet (HFD)), HFD + BBR 100 mg/kg, and HFD + metformin (MET) 200 mg/kg. We evaluated body weight, organ weight, fat area in tissues, oral glucose and fat tolerance tests, HOMA-IR, serum lipids levels, population changes in ATMs, M1 and M2 subsets, and gene expression of TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCR4. BBR significantly reduced body weight, adipocyte size, fat deposition in the liver, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, free fatty acids, ATM infiltration, all assessed gene expression, and enhanced the CD206+ M2 ATMs population. In conclusion, BBR treats obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunctions, by modulating ATM recruitment and polarization via chemotaxis inhibition.
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10
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Wagner KD, Wagner N. The Senescence Markers p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in Organ Development and Homeostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121966. [PMID: 35741095 PMCID: PMC9221567 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that senescent cells accumulate with aging. They are characterized by replicative arrest and the release of a myriad of factors commonly called the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Despite the replicative cell cycle arrest, these cells are metabolically active and functional. The release of SASP factors is mostly thought to cause tissue dysfunction and to induce senescence in surrounding cells. As major markers for aging and senescence, p16INK4, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 are established. Importantly, senescence is also implicated in development, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. While many markers of senescence have been identified, none are able to unambiguously identify all senescent cells. However, increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16INK4A and p21 are often used to identify cells with senescence-associated phenotypes. We review here the knowledge of senescence, p16INK4A, p14ARF/p19ARF, and p21 in embryonic and postnatal development and potential functions in pathophysiology and homeostasis. The establishment of senolytic therapies with the ultimate goal to improve healthy aging requires care and detailed knowledge about the involvement of senescence and senescence-associated proteins in developmental processes and homeostatic mechanism. The review contributes to these topics, summarizes open questions, and provides some directions for future research.
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11
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Chen Y, Fernandez EA, Roger C, Lopez-Mejia IC, Fajas Coll L, Ji H. Adipocyte-Specific CDK7 Ablation Leads to Progressive Loss of Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Dysfunction. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1434-1444. [PMID: 35294049 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue regulates whole-body energy homeostasis. Both lipodystrophy and obesity, the extreme and opposite aspects of adipose tissue dysfunction, result in metabolic disorders: insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) have been reported to be involved in adipose tissue development and functions. Using adipose tissue-specific knockout mice, here we demonstrate that the deletion of CDK7 in adipose tissue results in progressive lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, impaired adipokine secretion and down-regulation of fat-specific genes, which are aggravated on high-fat diet and during aging. Our studies suggest that CDK7 is a key regulatory component of adipose tissue maintenance and systemic energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhe Chen
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Eric Aria Fernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Roger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluis Fajas Coll
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Languedoc Roussillon, France
| | - Honglei Ji
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Divoux A, Erdos E, Whytock K, Osborne TF, Smith SR. Transcriptional and DNA Methylation Signatures of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in PCOS Women. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050848. [PMID: 35269469 PMCID: PMC8909136 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with metabolic syndrome features, including central obesity, suggesting that adipose tissue (AT) is a key organ in PCOS pathobiology. In this study, we compared both abdominal (ABD) and gluteofemoral (GF) subcutaneous AT in women with and without PCOS. ABD and GF subcutaneous ATs from PCOS and BMI/WHR-matched control women were analyzed by RT-qPCR, FACS and histology. ABD and GF adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) transcriptome and methylome were analyzed by RNA-seq and DNA methylation array. Similar to the control group with abdominal obesity, the GF AT of PCOS women showed lower expression of genes involved in lipid accumulation and angiogenesis compared to ABD depot. FACS analysis revealed an increase in preadipocytes number in both AT depots from PCOS. Further pathway analysis of RNA-seq comparisons demonstrated that the ASCs derived from PCOS are pro-inflammatory and exhibit a hypoxic signature in the ABD depot and have lower expression of adipogenic genes in GF depot. We also found a higher CpG methylation level in PCOS compared to control exclusively in GF-ASCs. Our data suggest that ASCs play an important role in the etiology of PCOS, potentially by limiting expansion of the healthy lower-body AT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Divoux
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (K.W.); (S.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(407)-303-7100 (ext. 1101628)
| | - Edina Erdos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; (E.E.); (T.F.O.)
| | - Katie Whytock
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (K.W.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Timothy F. Osborne
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA; (E.E.); (T.F.O.)
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA; (K.W.); (S.R.S.)
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13
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Sitthideatphaiboon P, Teerapakpinyo C, Korphaisarn K, Leelayuwatanakul N, Pornpatrananrak N, Poungvarin N, Chantranuwat P, Shuangshoti S, Aporntewan C, Chintanapakdee W, Sriuranpong V, Vinayanuwattikun C. Co-occurrence CDK4/6 amplification serves as biomarkers of de novo EGFR TKI resistance in sensitizing EGFR mutation non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2167. [PMID: 35140316 PMCID: PMC8828869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of predictive biomarkers to shape treatment paradigms and outcomes, de novo EGFR TKI resistance advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains an issue of concern. We explored clinical factors in 332 advanced NSCLC who received EGFR TKI and molecular characteristics through 65 whole exome sequencing of various EGFR TKI responses including; de novo (progression within 3 months), intermediate response (IRs) and long-term response (LTRs) (durability > 2 years). Uncommon EGFR mutation subtypes were significantly variable enriched in de novo resistance. The remaining sensitizing EGFR mutation subtypes (exon 19 del and L858R) accounted for 75% of de novo resistance. Genomic landscape analysis was conducted, focusing in 10 frequent oncogenic signaling pathways with functional contributions; cell cycle, Hippo, Myc, Notch, Nrf2, PI-3-Kinase/Akt, RTK-RAS, TGF-β, p53 and β-catenin/Wnt signaling. Cell cycle pathway was the only significant alteration pathway among groups with the FDR p-value of 6 × 10-4. We found only significant q-values of < 0.05 in 7 gene alterations; CDK6, CCNE1, CDK4, CCND3, MET, FGFR4 and HRAS which enrich in de novo resistance [range 36-73%] compared to IRs/LTRs [range 4-22%]. Amplification of CDK4/6 was significant in de novo resistance, contrary to IRs and LTRs (91%, 27.9% and 0%, respectively). The presence of co-occurrence CDK4/6 amplification correlated with poor disease outcome with HR of progression-free survival of 3.63 [95% CI 1.80-7.31, p-value < 0.001]. The presence of CDK4/6 amplification in pretreatment specimen serves as a predictive biomarker for de novo resistance in sensitizing EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyada Sitthideatphaiboon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chinachote Teerapakpinyo
- Chula GenePRO Center, Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Krittiya Korphaisarn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Siriraj, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Nophol Leelayuwatanakul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nopporn Pornpatrananrak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Naravat Poungvarin
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Siriraj, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Poonchavist Chantranuwat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Shanop Shuangshoti
- Chula GenePRO Center, Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatchawit Aporntewan
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science & Omics Science and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wariya Chintanapakdee
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Virote Sriuranpong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanida Vinayanuwattikun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and The King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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14
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Hsieh J, Molusky MM, McCabe KM, Fotakis P, Xiao T, Tascau L, Zeana-Schliep L, DaSilva-Jardine P, Tall AR. TTC39B destabilizes retinoblastoma protein promoting hepatic lipogenesis in a sex-specific fashion. J Hepatol 2022; 76:383-393. [PMID: 34600974 PMCID: PMC8766887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Molecular mechanisms underlying the different susceptibility of men and women to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are poorly understood. The TTC39B locus encodes a scaffolding protein, associates with gynecological disorders and its deletion protects mice from diet-induced steatohepatitis. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking TTC39B (T39) to the expression of lipogenic genes and to explore sex-specific effects. METHODS Co-expression in HEK293A cells validated the novel T39/pRb interaction predicted by a protein-protein interaction algorithm. T39 was knocked down using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in mice with dietary NAFLD and a genetic deficiency of pRb or its downstream effector E2F1, as well as in primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS T39 interacts with pRb via its C-terminal TPR domain and promotes its proteasomal degradation. In female mice, T39 deficiency reduces the mRNA of lipogenic genes, especially Pnpla3, in a pRb- and E2F1-dependent manner. In contrast, in male mice, T39 deficiency results in a much smaller reduction in lipogenic gene expression that is independent of pRb/E2F1. T39 also interacts with VAPB via an N-terminal FFAT motif and stabilizes the interaction of VAPB with SCAP. Ovariectomy abolishes the effect of T39 knockdown on the hepatic pRb/E2F1/Pnpla3 axis. In both sexes T39 knockdown reduces SCAP independently of pRb. In primary human hepatocytes, T39 knockdown reduces expression of PNPLA3 and other lipogenic genes in women but not men. CONCLUSIONS We have uncovered a conserved sexual dimorphism in the regulation of hepatic lipogenic genes, with effects of T39 mediated through pRb/E2F1 in females and VAPB/SCAP in both sexes. T39 inhibition could be a novel strategy to downregulate PNPLA3 and treat NAFLD in women. LAY SUMMARY In females, the protein TTC39B degrades a tumor suppressor in the liver to promote the synthesis of new fat and the expression of a major genetic risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. TTC39B is a potential therapeutic target for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Hsieh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Matthew M. Molusky
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kristin M. McCabe
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Tong Xiao
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Liana Tascau
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lars Zeana-Schliep
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Alan R. Tall
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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15
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Barone I, Caruso A, Gelsomino L, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Catalano S, Andò S. Obesity and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: Mechanistic insights and perspectives. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13358. [PMID: 34559450 PMCID: PMC9285685 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity, a recognized risk factor for various metabolic and chronic diseases, including numerous types of cancers, has risen dramatically over the recent decades worldwide. To date, convincing research in this area has painted a complex picture about the adverse impact of high body adiposity on breast cancer onset and progression. However, an emerging but overlooked issue of clinical significance is the limited efficacy of the conventional endocrine therapies with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or degraders (SERDs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in patients affected by breast cancer and obesity. The mechanisms behind the interplay between obesity and endocrine therapy resistance are likely to be multifactorial. Therefore, what have we actually learned during these years and which are the main challenges in the field? In this review, we will critically discuss the epidemiological evidence linking obesity to endocrine therapeutic responses and we will outline the molecular players involved in this harmful connection. Given the escalating global epidemic of obesity, advances in understanding this critical node will offer new precision medicine-based therapeutic interventions and more appropriate dosing schedule for treating patients affected by obesity and with breast tumors resistant to endocrine therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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16
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Regulation of p27 and Cdk2 Expression in Different Adipose Tissue Depots in Aging and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111745. [PMID: 34769201 PMCID: PMC8584112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging usually comes associated with increased visceral fat accumulation, reaching even an obesity state, and favoring its associated comorbidities. One of the processes involved in aging is cellular senescence, which is highly dependent on the activity of the regulators of the cell cycle. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the expression of p27 and cdk2 in different adipose tissue depots during aging, as well as their regulation by obesity in mice. Changes in the expression of p27 and CDK2 in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) biopsies were also analyzed in a human cohort of obesity and type 2 diabetes. p27, but not cdk2, exhibits a lower expression in subcutaneous than in visceral WAT in mice and humans. p27 is drastically downregulated by aging in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT), but not in gonadal WAT, of female mice. Obesity upregulates p27 and cdk2 expression in scWAT, but not in other fat depots of aged mice. In humans, a significant upregulation of p27 was observed in visceral WAT of subjects with obesity. Taken together, these results show a differential adipose depot-dependent regulation of p27 and cdk2 in aging and obesity, suggesting that p27 and cdk2 could contribute to the adipose-tissue depot’s metabolic differences. Further studies are necessary to fully corroborate this hypothesis.
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17
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Li Q, Hagberg CE, Silva Cascales H, Lang S, Hyvönen MT, Salehzadeh F, Chen P, Alexandersson I, Terezaki E, Harms MJ, Kutschke M, Arifen N, Krämer N, Aouadi M, Knibbe C, Boucher J, Thorell A, Spalding KL. Obesity and hyperinsulinemia drive adipocytes to activate a cell cycle program and senesce. Nat Med 2021; 27:1941-1953. [PMID: 34608330 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01501-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is considered an important factor for many chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. The expansion of adipose tissue in obesity is due to an increase in both adipocyte progenitor differentiation and mature adipocyte cell size. Adipocytes, however, are thought to be unable to divide or enter the cell cycle. We demonstrate that mature human adipocytes unexpectedly display a gene and protein signature indicative of an active cell cycle program. Adipocyte cell cycle progression associates with obesity and hyperinsulinemia, with a concomitant increase in cell size, nuclear size and nuclear DNA content. Chronic hyperinsulinemia in vitro or in humans, however, is associated with subsequent cell cycle exit, leading to a premature senescent transcriptomic and secretory profile in adipocytes. Premature senescence is rapidly becoming recognized as an important mediator of stress-induced tissue dysfunction. By demonstrating that adipocytes can activate a cell cycle program, we define a mechanism whereby mature human adipocytes senesce. We further show that by targeting the adipocyte cell cycle program using metformin, it is possible to influence adipocyte senescence and obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Silva Cascales
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuai Lang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mervi T Hyvönen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Firoozeh Salehzadeh
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ping Chen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Ida Alexandersson
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eleni Terezaki
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Harms
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kutschke
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nahida Arifen
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niels Krämer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockolm, Sweden
| | - Carole Knibbe
- CarMeN Laboratory, Lyon University, INRIA, INSA Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Thorell
- Department of Clinical Science, Danderyds Hospital, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Franzoi MA, Eiger D, Ameye L, Ponde N, Caparica R, De Angelis C, Brandão M, Desmedt C, Di Cosimo S, Kotecki N, Lambertini M, Awada A, Piccart M, Azambuja ED. Clinical Implications of Body Mass Index in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Abemaciclib and Endocrine Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:462-470. [PMID: 32750143 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited data regarding the impact of body mass index (BMI) on outcomes in advanced breast cancer, especially in patients treated with endocrine therapy (ET) + cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors. METHODS A pooled analysis of individual patient-level data from MONARCH 2 and 3 trials was performed. Patients were classified according to baseline BMI into underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2) and divided into 2 treatment groups: abemaciclib + ET vs placebo + ET. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to BMI in each treatment group. Secondary endpoints were response rate, adverse events according to BMI, and loss of weight (≥5% from baseline) during treatment. RESULTS This analysis included 1138 patients (757 received abemaciclib + ET and 381 placebo + ET). There was no difference in PFS between BMI categories in either group, although normal-weight patients presented a numerically higher benefit with abemaciclib + ET (Pinteraction = .07). Normal and/or underweight patients presented higher overall response rate in the abemaciclib + ET group compared with overweight and/or obese patients (49.4% vs 41.6%, odds ratio = 0.73, 95% confidence interval = 0.54 to 0.99) as well as higher neutropenia frequency (51.0% vs 40.4%, P = .004). Weight loss was more frequent in the abemaciclib + ET group (odds ratio = 3.23, 95% confidence interval = 2.09 to 5.01). CONCLUSIONS Adding abemaciclib to ET prolongs PFS regardless of BMI, showing that overweight or obese patients also benefit from this regimen. Our results elicit the possibility of a better effect of abemaciclib in normal and/or underweight patients compared with overweight and/or obese patients. More studies analyzing body composition parameters in patients under treatment with cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors may further clarify this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice Franzoi
- Clinical Trials Support Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Eiger
- Clinical Trials Support Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieveke Ameye
- Clinical Trials Support Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Noam Ponde
- Oncology Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Caparica
- Clinical Trials Support Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia De Angelis
- Clinical Trials Support Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariana Brandão
- Clinical Trials Support Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serena Di Cosimo
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nuria Kotecki
- Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- University of Genova and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart
- Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Clinical Trials Support Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, and l'Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Brussels, Belgium.,Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Pan C, Lei Z, Wang S, Wang X, Wei D, Cai X, Luoreng Z, Wang L, Ma Y. Genome-wide identification of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) genes affecting adipocyte differentiation in cattle. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:532. [PMID: 34253191 PMCID: PMC8276410 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are protein kinases regulating important cellular processes such as cell cycle and transcription. Many CDK genes also play a critical role during adipogenic differentiation, but the role of CDK gene family in regulating bovine adipocyte differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the present study aims to characterize the CDK gene family in bovine and study their expression pattern during adipocyte differentiation. RESULTS We performed a genome-wide analysis and identified a number of CDK genes in several bovine species. The CDK genes were classified into 8 subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. We found that 25 bovine CDK genes were distributed in 16 different chromosomes. Collinearity analysis revealed that the CDK gene family in Bos taurus is homologous with Bos indicus, Hybrid-Bos taurus, Hybrid Bos indicus, Bos grunniens and Bubalus bubalis. Several CDK genes had higher expression levels in preadipocytes than in differentiated adipocytes, as shown by RNA-seq analysis and qPCR, suggesting a role in the growth of emerging lipid droplets. CONCLUSION In this research, 185 CDK genes were identified and grouped into eight distinct clades in Bovidae, showing extensively homology. Global expression analysis of different bovine tissues and specific expression analysis during adipocytes differentiation revealed CDK4, CDK7, CDK8, CDK9 and CDK14 may be involved in bovine adipocyte differentiation. The results provide a basis for further study to determine the roles of CDK gene family in regulating adipocyte differentiation, which is beneficial for beef quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Pan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Lei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xingping Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Dawei Wei
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Zhuoma Luoreng
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.
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20
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Bekkar A, Nasrallah A, Guex N, Fajas L, Xenarios I, Lopez-Mejia IC. PamgeneAnalyzeR: open and reproducible pipeline for kinase profiling. Bioinformatics 2021; 36:5117-5119. [PMID: 31922550 PMCID: PMC7755406 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation––catalyzed by protein kinases–is the most common post-translational modification. It increases the functional diversity of the proteome and influences various aspects of normal physiology and can be altered in disease states. High throughput profiling of kinases is becoming an essential experimental approach to investigate their activity and this can be achieved using technologies such as PamChip® arrays provided by PamGene for kinase activity measurement. Here, we present ‘pamgeneAnalyzeR’, an R package developed as an alternative to the manual steps necessary to extract the data from PamChip® peptide microarrays images in a reproducible and robust manner. The extracted data can be directly used for downstream analysis. Availability and implementation PamgeneAnalyzeR is implemented in R and can be obtained from https://github.com/amelbek/pamgeneAnalyzeR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Bekkar
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Anita Nasrallah
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Isabel C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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CDK2 limits the highly energetic secretory program of mature β cells by restricting PEP cycle-dependent K ATP channel closure. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108690. [PMID: 33503433 PMCID: PMC7882066 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallmarks of mature β cells are restricted proliferation and a highly energetic secretory state. Paradoxically, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is synthesized throughout adulthood, its cytosolic localization raising the likelihood of cell cycle-independent functions. In the absence of any changes in β cell mass, maturity, or proliferation, genetic deletion of Cdk2 in adult β cells enhanced insulin secretion from isolated islets and improved glucose tolerance in vivo. At the single β cell level, CDK2 restricts insulin secretion by increasing KATP conductance, raising the set point for membrane depolarization in response to activation of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) cycle with mitochondrial fuels. In parallel with reduced β cell recruitment, CDK2 restricts oxidative glucose metabolism while promoting glucose-dependent amplification of insulin secretion. This study provides evidence of essential, non-canonical functions of CDK2 in the secretory pathways of quiescent β cells. Despite loss of proliferative capacity with age, mature β cells continually synthesize CDK2. Sdao et al. demonstrate that CDK2 depletion in adult β cells improves glucose tolerance in vivo. By augmenting PEP cycle-dependent KATP channel closure, CDK2 inactivation lowers the set point for membrane depolarization, augmenting oxidative metabolism and insulin secretion.
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22
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Adipose Tissue: An Emerging Target for Adeno-associated Viral Vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 19:236-249. [PMID: 33102616 PMCID: PMC7566077 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is one of the largest organs, playing important roles in physiology and pathologies of multiple diseases. However, research related to adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting adipose tissue has been left far behind studies carried out in the liver, brain, heart, and muscle. Despite initial reports indicating poor performance, AAV-mediated gene delivery to adipose tissue has continued to rise during the past two decades. AAV8 and a novel engineered hybrid serotype, Rec2, have been shown to transduce adipose tissue more efficiently than other serotypes so far tested and have been applied in most of the in vivo studies. The Rec2 serotype displays high efficacy of gene transfer to both brown and white fat via local and systemic administration. This review summarizes the advances in developing AAV vectors with enhanced adipose tropism and restricting off-target transgene expression. We discuss the challenges and strategies to search for and generate novel serotypes with tropism tailoring for adipose tissue and develop AAV vector systems to improve adipose transgene expression for basic research and translational studies.
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23
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BMP7 overexpression in adipose tissue induces white adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity in ob/ob mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 45:449-460. [PMID: 33110143 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES During obesity, hypertrophic enlargement of white adipose tissue (WAT) promotes ectopic lipid deposition and development of insulin resistance. In contrast, WAT hyperplasia is associated with preservation of insulin sensitivity. The complex network of factors that regulates white adipogenesis is not fully understood. Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) can induce brown adipogenesis, but its role on white adipogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here, we assessed BMP7-mediated effects on white adipogenesis in ob/ob mice. METHODS BMP7 was overexpressed in either WAT or liver of ob/ob mice using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Analysis of gene expression, histological and morphometric alterations, and metabolites and hormones concentrations were carried out. RESULTS Overexpression of BMP7 in adipocytes of subcutaneous and visceral WAT increased fat mass, the proportion of small-size adipocytes and the expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte genes, suggesting induction of adipogenesis irrespective of fat depot. These changes were associated with reduced hepatic steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity. In contrast, liver-specific overproduction of BMP7 did not promote WAT hyperplasia despite BMP7 circulating levels were similar to those achieved after genetic engineering of WAT. CONCLUSIONS This study unravels a new autocrine/paracrine role of BMP7 on white adipogenesis and highlights that BMP7 may modulate WAT plasticity and increase insulin sensitivity.
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24
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Huber K, Mestres-Arenas A, Fajas L, Leal-Esteban LC. The multifaceted role of cell cycle regulators in the coordination of growth and metabolism. FEBS J 2020; 288:3813-3833. [PMID: 33030287 PMCID: PMC8359344 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adapting to changes in nutrient availability and environmental conditions is a fundamental property of cells. This adaptation requires a multi‐directional coordination between metabolism, growth, and the cell cycle regulators (consisting of the family of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), their regulatory subunits known as cyclins, CDK inhibitors, the retinoblastoma family members, and the E2F transcription factors). Deciphering the mechanisms accountable for this coordination is crucial for understanding various patho‐physiological processes. While it is well established that metabolism and growth affect cell division, this review will focus on recent observations that demonstrate how cell cycle regulators coordinate metabolism, cell cycle progression, and growth. We will discuss how the cell cycle regulators directly regulate metabolic enzymes and pathways and summarize their involvement in the endolysosomal pathway and in the functions and dynamics of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Huber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Kahoul Y, Oger F, Montaigne J, Froguel P, Breton C, Annicotte JS. Emerging Roles for the INK4a/ARF ( CDKN2A) Locus in Adipose Tissue: Implications for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091350. [PMID: 32971832 PMCID: PMC7563355 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as a cell cycle and proliferation regulator, the INK4a/ARF (CDKN2A) locus and its associated pathways are thought to play additional functions in the control of energy homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies in humans and rodents have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms in this locus are risk factors for obesity and related metabolic diseases including cardiovascular complications and type-2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies showed that both p16INK4a-CDK4-E2F1/pRB and p19ARF-P53 (p14ARF in humans) related pathways regulate adipose tissue (AT) physiology and adipocyte functions such as lipid storage, inflammation, oxidative activity, and cellular plasticity (browning). Targeting these metabolic pathways in AT emerged as a new putative therapy to alleviate the effects of obesity and prevent T2D. This review aims to provide an overview of the literature linking the INK4a/ARF locus with AT functions, focusing on its mechanisms of action in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
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26
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Tumor regression and resistance mechanisms upon CDK4 and RAF1 inactivation in KRAS/P53 mutant lung adenocarcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24415-24426. [PMID: 32913049 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002520117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinomas remain intractable for targeted therapies. Genetic interrogation of KRAS downstream effectors, including the MAPK pathway and the interphase CDKs, identified CDK4 and RAF1 as the only targets whose genetic inactivation induces therapeutic responses without causing unacceptable toxicities. Concomitant CDK4 inactivation and RAF1 ablation prevented tumor progression and induced complete regression in 25% of KRAS/p53-driven advanced lung tumors, yet a significant percentage of those tumors that underwent partial regression retained a population of CDK4/RAF1-resistant cells. Characterization of these cells revealed two independent resistance mechanisms implicating hypermethylation of several tumor suppressors and increased PI3K activity. Importantly, these CDK4/RAF1-resistant cells can be pharmacologically controlled. These studies open the door to new therapeutic strategies to treat KRAS mutant lung cancer, including resistant tumors.
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27
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Castillo-Armengol J, Barquissau V, Geller S, Ji H, Severi I, Venema W, Fenandez EA, Moret C, Huber K, Leal-Esteban LC, Nasrallah A, Martinez-Carreres L, Niederhäuser G, Seoane-Collazo P, Lagarrigue S, López M, Giordano A, Croizier S, Thorens B, Lopez-Mejia IC, Fajas L. Hypothalamic CDK4 regulates thermogenesis by modulating sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49807. [PMID: 32657019 PMCID: PMC7507572 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of CDK4 in the oxidative metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT from Cdk4−/− mice exhibited fewer lipids and increased mitochondrial volume and expression of canonical thermogenic genes, rendering these mice more resistant to cold exposure. Interestingly, these effects were not BAT cell‐autonomous but rather driven by increased sympathetic innervation. In particular, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is known to modulate BAT activation via the sympathetic nervous system. We thus examined the effects of VMH neuron‐specific Cdk4 deletion. These mice display increased sympathetic innervation and enhanced cold tolerance, similar to Cdk4−/− mice, in addition to browning of scWAT. Overall, we provide evidence showing that CDK4 modulates thermogenesis by regulating sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue depots through hypothalamic nuclei, including the VMH. This demonstrates that CDK4 not only negatively regulates oxidative pathways, but also modulates the central regulation of metabolism through its action in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentin Barquissau
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Geller
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Honglei Ji
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Wiebe Venema
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eric Aria Fenandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Moret
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Huber
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anita Nasrallah
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Guy Niederhäuser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Seoane-Collazo
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sophie Croizier
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cichoric acid from extracted Echinacea purpurea induces the proliferation and apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from yaks. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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29
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Maurer B, Brandstoetter T, Kollmann S, Sexl V, Prchal-Murphy M. Inducible deletion of CDK4 and CDK6 - deciphering CDK4/6 inhibitor effects in the hematopoietic system. Haematologica 2020; 106:2624-2632. [PMID: 32855282 PMCID: PMC8485667 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.256313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors are considered a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Currently approved for breast cancer treatment, CDK4/6 inhibitors are extensively tested in other cancer subtypes. Frequently observed side effects include hematological abnormalities such as reduced numbers of neutrophils, erythroid cells and platelets that are associated with anemia, bleedings and a higher risk of infections. To understand whether the adverse effects within the hematopoietic system are related to CDK4 or CDK6 we generated transgenic mice that lack either CDK4 or CDK6 in adult hematopoiesis. Anemia and perturbed erythroid differentiation are associated with the absence of CDK6 but did not manifest in CDK4-deficient mice. Total CDK6 knockout mice accumulate the most dormant fraction of hematopoietic stem cells due to an impaired exit of the quiescent state. We recapitulated this finding by deleting CDK6 in adult hematopoiesis. In addition, unlike total CDK6 knockout, all stem cell fractions were affected and increased in numbers. The deletion of CDK6 was also accompanied by neutropenia which is frequently seen in patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors. This was not the case in the absence of CDK4; CDK4 deficiency resulted in elevated numbers of myeloid progenitors without translating into numeric changes of differentiated myeloid cells. By using Cdk4 fl/fl and Cdk6 fl/fl mice we assign side effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors predominantly to the absence of CDK6. These mice represent a novel and powerful tool that will enable to study the distinct functions of CDK4 and CDK6 in a tissue-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maurer
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tania Brandstoetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Prchal-Murphy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Ma Y, Zhu Q, Liang J, Li Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zeng Y, Jiao Y. A CRISPR knockout negative screen reveals synergy between CDKs inhibitor and metformin in the treatment of human cancer in vitro and in vivo. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:152. [PMID: 32811807 PMCID: PMC7434905 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory research and pharmacoepidemiology provide support for metformin as a potential antitumor agent. However, the lack of a clear understanding of the indications of metformin limits its efficacy. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR knockout negative screen to identify potential targets that might synergize with metformin. Next-generation sequencing of pooled genomic DNAs isolated from surviving cells after 18 days of metformin treatment (T18) compared to those of the untreated cells at day 0 (T0) yielded candidate genes. Knockdown of a group of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), including CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6, confirmed the results of the screen. Combination treatment of the CDKs inhibitor abemaciclib with metformin profoundly inhibited tumor viability in vitro and in vivo. Although cell cycle parameters were not further altered under the combination treatment, investigation of the metabolome revealed significant changes in cell metabolism, especially with regard to fatty acid oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and aspartate metabolism. Such changes appeared to be mediated through inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Collectively, our study suggests that the combination of CDKs inhibitor with metformin could be recognized as a potential therapy in future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 10005, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
| | - Yixin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
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31
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Ji H, Chen Y, Castillo-Armengol J, Dreos R, Moret C, Niederhäuser G, Delacuisine B, Lopez-Mejia IC, Denechaud PD, Fajas L. CDK7 Mediates the Beta-Adrenergic Signaling in Thermogenic Brown and White Adipose Tissues. iScience 2020; 23:101163. [PMID: 32464595 PMCID: PMC7256631 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are emerging regulators of adipose tissue metabolism. Here we aimed to explore the role of CDK7 in thermogenic fat. We found that CDK7 brown adipose tissue (BAT)-specific knockout mice (Cdk7bKO) have decreased BAT mass and impaired β3-adrenergic signaling and develop hypothermia upon cold exposure. We found that loss of CDK7 in BAT disrupts the induction of thermogenic genes in response to cold. However, Cdk7bKO mice do not show systemic metabolic dysfunction. Increased expression of genes of the creatine metabolism compensates for the heat generation in the BAT of Cdk7bKO mice in response to cold. Finally, we show that CDK7 is required for beta 3-adrenergic agonist-induced browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Indeed, Cdk7 ablation in all adipose tissues (Cdk7aKO) has impaired browning in WAT. Together, our results demonstrate that CDK7 is an important mediator of beta-adrenergic signaling in thermogenic brown and beige fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ji
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - René Dreos
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Moret
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guy Niederhäuser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Pierre-Damien Denechaud
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Languedoc Roussillon, France.
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32
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Franzoi MA, Vandeputte C, Eiger D, Caparica R, Brandão M, De Angelis C, Hendlisz A, Awada A, Piccart M, de Azambuja E. Computed tomography-based analyses of baseline body composition parameters and changes in breast cancer patients under treatment with CDK 4/6 inhibitors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 181:199-209. [PMID: 32246377 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Body composition parameters including muscle and adipose tissue measurements have emerged as prognostic factors in cancer patients. Besides cell cycle regulation, CDK 4 and 6 also control metabolic processes (lipid synthesis, glycolysis, and mitochondrial function). We studied the impact of baseline body composition parameters on response to CDK 4/6 inhibition and changes on body composition during treatment. METHODS Retrospective study of 50 patients treated at Institut Jules Bordet between December 2016 and August 2019 with endocrine therapy and CDK 4/6 inhibitor as first or second-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer (BC). CT-based body composition analysis was performed at 3 time points. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier method were used for the association with Progression-free survival (PFS). Changes in body composition parameters were described in means and compared using paired sampled T test. RESULTS Baseline sarcopenia was present in 40% of patients and associated with a significantly worse PFS compared to patients without sarcopenia (20.8 vs 9.6 months, HR 2.52; 95% CI 1.02-6.19, p = 0.037). Patients with higher visceral fat index and higher visceral fat density had better PFS (20.8 vs 10.4 months, HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.16-0.99 p = 0.041-stratified for treatment line). No significant alterations in body composition parameters during treatment were observed. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia is a potential early marker of poor prognosis among patients with metastatic BC treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors. CT scan evaluation of sarcopenia and adiposity revealed significant prognostic information. Visceral fat could also play an important role in response to CDK 4/6 inhibitors, deserving further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice Franzoi
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Caroline Vandeputte
- GUTS Research Group, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Eiger
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rafael Caparica
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariana Brandão
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia De Angelis
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Hendlisz
- GUTS Research Group, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine Piccart
- Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evandro de Azambuja
- Academic Trials Promoting Team, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B), Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, 1000, Brussels, Belgium.,Medical Oncology Clinic, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Wu C, Yang P, Liu B, Tang Y. Is there a CDKN2A-centric network in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2551-2562. [PMID: 32273725 PMCID: PMC7108878 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s232464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and its incidence has risen rapidly in recent years. Meanwhile, the diagnosis and treatment of this cancer remain challenging. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer, but, currently, no sufficiently effective modalities for its treatment exist. The early diagnosis rate of pancreatic cancer is low and most patients have reached an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. PDAC evolves from precancerous lesions and is highly aggressive and metastatic. It is essential to understand how the disease progresses and metastasizes. CDKN2A mutations are very common in PDAC. Therefore, here, we have performed a literature review and discuss the role of CDKN2A and some related genes in the development of PDAC, as well as the basis of gene targeting with a correlation coefficient of CDKN2A above 0.9 on the STRING website. It is noteworthy that the interaction of CDKN2A with each gene has been reported in the literature. The role of these genes and CDKN2A in PDAC may provide new directions that will advance the current knowledge base and treatment options since cancer progression is realized through interactions among cells. Our findings provide new insights into the treatment of PADC that can, to some extent, improve the diagnosis rate and quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Medical College of Hengyang, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Medical College of Hengyang, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Medical College of Hengyang, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlian Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, Medical College of Hengyang, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
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35
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Leal-Esteban LC, Fajas L. Cell cycle regulators in cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165715. [PMID: 32035102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer proliferation and progression involves altered metabolic pathways as a result of continuous demand for energy and nutrients. In the last years, cell cycle regulators have been involved in the control of metabolic processes, such as glucose and insulin pathways and lipid synthesis, in addition to their canonical function controlling cell cycle progression. Here we describe recent data demonstrating the role of cell cycle regulators in the metabolic control especially in studies performed in cancer models. Moreover, we discuss the importance of these findings in the context of current cancer therapies to provide an overview of the relevance of targeting metabolism using inhibitors of the cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia C Leal-Esteban
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Metabolism and Cancer Laboratory, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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36
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Geller S, Arribat Y, Netzahualcoyotzi C, Lagarrigue S, Carneiro L, Zhang L, Amati F, Lopez-Mejia IC, Pellerin L. Tanycytes Regulate Lipid Homeostasis by Sensing Free Fatty Acids and Signaling to Key Hypothalamic Neuronal Populations via FGF21 Secretion. Cell Metab 2019; 30:833-844.e7. [PMID: 31474567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus plays a key role in the detection of energy substrates to regulate energy homeostasis. Tanycytes, the hypothalamic ependymo-glia, are located at a privileged position to integrate multiple peripheral inputs. We observed that tanycytes produce and secrete Fgf21 and are located close to Fgf21-sensitive neurons. Fasting, likely via the increase in circulating fatty acids, regulates this central Fgf21 production. Tanycytes store palmitate in lipid droplets and oxidize it, leading to the activation of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/p38-MAPK signaling pathway, which is essential for tanycytic Fgf21 expression upon palmitate exposure. Tanycytic Fgf21 deletion triggers an increase in lipolysis, likely due to impaired inhibition of key neurons during fasting. Mice deleted for tanycytic Fgf21 exhibit increased energy expenditure and a reduction in fat mass gain, reminiscent of a browning phenotype. Our results suggest that tanycytes sense free fatty acids to maintain body lipid homeostasis through Fgf21 signaling within the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Geller
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Yoan Arribat
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Carneiro
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Amati
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1005, Switzerland; Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Isabel C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luc Pellerin
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Centre de Résonance Magnétique des Systèmes Biologiques, UMR5536 CNRS, LabEx TRAIL-IBIO, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex 33760, France.
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37
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Wang L, Zhao L, Zhang L, Liu X, Hou X, Gao H, Yan H, Zhao F, Wang L. NTN1 Affects Porcine Intramuscular Fat Content by Affecting the Expression of Myogenic Regulatory Factors. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090609. [PMID: 31461826 PMCID: PMC6770873 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a key meat quality trait in the pork industry. In this study, we validated the effect of the copy number of Netrin-1 (NTN1-CNV) on Netrin-1 (NTN1) protein expression and explored the possible affective mechanism of NTN1 on IMF. The results indicated that NTN1-CNV may affect the expression of NTN1 protein by its gene dose, and the expression of NTN1 may affect the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and finally influence the IMF content. Abstract Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is an important economic trait for pork quality. Our previous results regarding the genome-wide association between IMF content and copy number variations (CNVs) indicated that the CNV within Netrin-1(NTN1-CNV) was significantly associated with IMF. In order to validate the effect of NTN1-CNV, we detected the Netrin-1 (NTN1) gene dose and protein expression content in the longissimus dorsi of different IMF content pigs using Western blotting and investigated the expression of NTN1 RNA in different tissues using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The knock-down of the NTN1 gene in C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells and over-expression in C2C12 cells during the proliferation and differentiation stage were also investigated to explore the possible pathway of action of NTN1. The results showed that in individuals with IMF content differences, the gene dose of NTN1 and the expression of NTN1 protein were also significantly different, which indicated that NTN1-CNV may directly affect IMF by its coding protein. NTN1 had the highest expression in pig longissimus dorsi and backfat tissues, which indicates that NTN1 may play an important role in muscle and fat tissues. The in vitro validation assay indicated that NTN1 silencing could promote the proliferation and inhibit the differentiation of C2C12 cells, with no effect on 3T3-L1 cells. Additionally, NTN1 over-expression could inhibit the proliferation and promote the differentiation of C2C12 cells. Combined with previous research, we conclude that NTN1-CNV may affect IMF by its gene dose, and the expression of NTN1 may affect the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and finally influence the IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinhua Hou
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Martínez-Carreres L, Puyal J, Leal-Esteban LC, Orpinell M, Castillo-Armengol J, Giralt A, Dergai O, Moret C, Barquissau V, Nasrallah A, Pabois A, Zhang L, Romero P, Lopez-Mejia IC, Fajas L. CDK4 Regulates Lysosomal Function and mTORC1 Activation to Promote Cancer Cell Survival. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5245-5259. [PMID: 31395606 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is well-known for its role in regulating the cell cycle, however, its role in cancer metabolism, especially mTOR signaling, is undefined. In this study, we established a connection between CDK4 and lysosomes, an emerging metabolic organelle crucial for mTORC1 activation. On the one hand, CDK4 phosphorylated the tumor suppressor folliculin (FLCN), regulating mTORC1 recruitment to the lysosomal surface in response to amino acids. On the other hand, CDK4 directly regulated lysosomal function and was essential for lysosomal degradation, ultimately regulating mTORC1 activity. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic inactivation of CDK4, other than retaining FLCN at the lysosomal surface, led to the accumulation of undigested material inside lysosomes, which impaired the autophagic flux and induced cancer cell senescence in vitro and in xenograft models. Importantly, the use of CDK4 inhibitors in therapy is known to cause senescence but not cell death. To overcome this phenomenon and based on our findings, we increased the autophagic flux in cancer cells by using an AMPK activator in combination with a CDK4 inhibitor. The cotreatment induced autophagy (AMPK activation) and impaired lysosomal function (CDK4 inhibition), resulting in cell death and tumor regression. Altogether, we uncovered a previously unknown role for CDK4 in lysosomal biology and propose a novel therapeutic strategy to target cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings uncover a novel function of CDK4 in lysosomal biology, which promotes cancer progression by activating mTORC1; targeting this function offers a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Albert Giralt
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oleksandr Dergai
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Moret
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Barquissau
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Nasrallah
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Angélique Pabois
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Alfredo Martinez J. Association of Methylation Signatures at Hepatocellular Carcinoma Pathway Genes with Adiposity and Insulin Resistance Phenotypes. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:840-851. [PMID: 30457363 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1531136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I. Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain
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40
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Goel S, DeCristo MJ, McAllister SS, Zhao JJ. CDK4/6 Inhibition in Cancer: Beyond Cell Cycle Arrest. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:911-925. [PMID: 30061045 PMCID: PMC6689321 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) have recently entered the therapeutic armamentarium of clinical oncologists, and show promising activity in patients with breast and other cancers. Although their chief mechanism of action is inhibition of retinoblastoma (RB) protein phosphorylation and thus the induction of cell cycle arrest, CDK4/6 inhibitors alter cancer cell biology in other ways that can also be leveraged for therapeutic benefit. These include modulation of mitogenic kinase signaling, induction of a senescence-like phenotype, and enhancement of cancer cell immunogenicity. We describe here the less-appreciated effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors on cancer cells, and suggest ways by which they might be exploited to enhance the benefits of these agents for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shom Goel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Molly J DeCristo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra S McAllister
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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Petersen MC, Shulman GI. Mechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2133-2223. [PMID: 30067154 PMCID: PMC6170977 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00063.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1448] [Impact Index Per Article: 241.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 1921 discovery of insulin was a Big Bang from which a vast and expanding universe of research into insulin action and resistance has issued. In the intervening century, some discoveries have matured, coalescing into solid and fertile ground for clinical application; others remain incompletely investigated and scientifically controversial. Here, we attempt to synthesize this work to guide further mechanistic investigation and to inform the development of novel therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The rational development of such therapies necessitates detailed knowledge of one of the key pathophysiological processes involved in T2D: insulin resistance. Understanding insulin resistance, in turn, requires knowledge of normal insulin action. In this review, both the physiology of insulin action and the pathophysiology of insulin resistance are described, focusing on three key insulin target tissues: skeletal muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue. We aim to develop an integrated physiological perspective, placing the intricate signaling effectors that carry out the cell-autonomous response to insulin in the context of the tissue-specific functions that generate the coordinated organismal response. First, in section II, the effectors and effects of direct, cell-autonomous insulin action in muscle, liver, and white adipose tissue are reviewed, beginning at the insulin receptor and working downstream. Section III considers the critical and underappreciated role of tissue crosstalk in whole body insulin action, especially the essential interaction between adipose lipolysis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The pathophysiology of insulin resistance is then described in section IV. Special attention is given to which signaling pathways and functions become insulin resistant in the setting of chronic overnutrition, and an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of ‟selective hepatic insulin resistanceˮ is presented. Sections V, VI, and VII critically examine the evidence for and against several putative mediators of insulin resistance. Section V reviews work linking the bioactive lipids diacylglycerol, ceramide, and acylcarnitine to insulin resistance; section VI considers the impact of nutrient stresses in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria on insulin resistance; and section VII discusses non-cell autonomous factors proposed to induce insulin resistance, including inflammatory mediators, branched-chain amino acids, adipokines, and hepatokines. Finally, in section VIII, we propose an integrated model of insulin resistance that links these mediators to final common pathways of metabolite-driven gluconeogenesis and ectopic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C Petersen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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42
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Solaki M, Ewald JC. Fueling the Cycle: CDKs in Carbon and Energy Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:93. [PMID: 30175098 PMCID: PMC6107797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the central regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and are conserved across eukaryotes. Their main and well-studied function lies in the regulation and the time-keeping of cell cycle entry and progression. Additionally, more and more non canonical functions of CDKs are being uncovered. One fairly recently discovered role of CDKs is the coordination of carbon and energy metabolism with proliferation. Evidence from different model organisms is accumulating that CDKs can directly and indirectly control fluxes through metabolism, for example by phosphorylating metabolic enzymes. In this mini-review, we summarize the emerging role of CDKs in regulating carbon and energy metabolism and discuss examples in different models from yeast to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer C. Ewald
- Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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43
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El-Arabey AA. Update on off label use of metformin for obesity. Prim Care Diabetes 2018; 12:284-285. [PMID: 29525383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- CAS-TWAS Fellowship at University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), China; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty, of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
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44
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Fajas L, Lopez-Mejia IC. CDK4, a new metabolic sensor that antagonizes AMPK. Mol Cell Oncol 2018; 5:e1409862. [PMID: 30263936 PMCID: PMC6154832 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2017.1409862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a positive regulator of cell cycle progression, however, there is growing evidence demonstrating that its function exceeds the control of cell division. Here we show that CDK4 is an important regulator of cellular substrate utilization through direct inhibition of the metabolic regulator AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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45
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Hou X, Zhang Y, Li W, Hu AJ, Luo C, Zhou W, Hu JK, Daniele SG, Wang J, Sheng J, Fan Y, Greenberg AS, Farmer SR, Hu MG. CDK6 inhibits white to beige fat transition by suppressing RUNX1. Nat Commun 2018. [PMID: 29523786 PMCID: PMC5845007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas white adipose tissue depots contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, brown and beige adipose tissue has beneficial metabolic effects. Here we show that CDK6 regulates beige adipocyte formation. We demonstrate that mice lacking the CDK6 protein or its kinase domain (K43M) exhibit significant increases beige cell formation, enhanced energy expenditure, better glucose tolerance, and improved insulin sensitivity, and are more resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Re-expression of CDK6 in Cdk6−/− mature or precursor cells, or ablation of RUNX1 in K43M mature or precursor cells, reverses these phenotypes. Furthermore, RUNX1 positively regulates the expression of Ucp-1 and Pgc1α by binding to proximal promoter regions. Our findings indicate that CDK6 kinase activity negatively regulates the conversion of fat-storing cells into fat-burning cells by suppressing RUNX1, and suggest that CDK6 may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Beige adipocytes can arise from transdifferentiation of mature white adipocytes. Here the authors identify CDK6 as a key molecule involved in the white-to-beige adipocyte transdifferentiation and, therefore, as a regulator of organismal energy homeostasis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Hou
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Center for Analysis and Testing, 548 Bin-Wen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhao Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Alexander J Hu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Chi Luo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jamie K Hu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, MD program for Jamie K. Hu, MD-PhD Program for Stefano G. Daniele, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Stefano G Daniele
- Yale School of Medicine, MD program for Jamie K. Hu, MD-PhD Program for Stefano G. Daniele, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, 27 jiefang road, Linyi, Shandong Province, 276003, China
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Institute of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Center for Analysis and Testing, 548 Bin-Wen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, P. R. China
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 72E Concord St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Lopez-Mejia IC, Castillo-Armengol J, Lagarrigue S, Fajas L. Role of cell cycle regulators in adipose tissue and whole body energy homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:975-987. [PMID: 28988292 PMCID: PMC11105252 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In the course of the last decades, metabolism research has demonstrated that adipose tissue is not an inactive tissue. Rather, adipocytes are key actors of whole body energy homeostasis. Numerous novel regulators of adipose tissue differentiation and function have been identified. With the constant increase of obesity and associated disorders, the interest in adipose tissue function alterations in the XXIst century has become of paramount importance. Recent data suggest that adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue browning and mitochondrial function, lipogenesis and lipolysis are strongly modulated by the cell division machinery. This review will focus on the function of cell cycle regulators in adipocyte differentiation, adipose tissue function and whole body energy homeostasis; with particular attention in mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Castillo-Armengol
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Lagarrigue
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Giralt A, Denechaud PD, Lopez-Mejia IC, Delacuisine B, Blanchet E, Bonner C, Pattou F, Annicotte JS, Fajas L. E2F1 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis and contributes to hyperglycemia during diabetes. Mol Metab 2018. [PMID: 29526568 PMCID: PMC6001358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant hepatic glucose production contributes to the development of hyperglycemia and is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. In a recent study, we showed that the transcription factor E2F1, a component of the cell cycle machinery, contributes to hepatic steatosis through the transcriptional regulation of key lipogenic enzymes. Here, we investigate if E2F1 contributes to hyperglycemia by regulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. METHODS We use different genetic models to investigate if E2F1 regulates gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes and in vivo. We study the impact of depleting E2F1 or inhibiting E2F1 activity in diabetic mouse models to evaluate if this transcription factor contributes to hyperglycemia during insulin resistance. We analyze E2F1 mRNA levels in the livers of human diabetic patients to assess the relevance of E2F1 in human pathophysiology. RESULTS Lack of E2F1 impaired gluconeogenesis in primary hepatocytes. Conversely, E2F1 overexpression increased glucose production in hepatocytes and in mice. Several genetic models showed that the canonical CDK4-RB1-E2F1 pathway is directly involved in this regulation. E2F1 mRNA levels were increased in the livers from human diabetic patients and correlated with the expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme Pck1. Genetic invalidation or pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 improved glucose homeostasis in diabetic mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils that the transcription factor E2F1 contributes to mammalian glucose homeostasis by directly controlling hepatic gluconeogenesis. Together with our previous finding that E2F1 promotes hepatic steatosis, the data presented here show that E2F1 contributes to both hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in diabetes, suggesting that specifically targeting E2F1 in the liver could be an interesting strategy for therapies against type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Giralt
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Blanchet
- UMR Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, INRA-CAMPUS SUPAGRO 2 place Viala, Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Caroline Bonner
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, INSERM UMR1190, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Francois Pattou
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, INSERM UMR1190, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Lille, France
| | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Rabhi N, Hannou SA, Gromada X, Salas E, Yao X, Oger F, Carney C, Lopez-Mejia IC, Durand E, Rabearivelo I, Bonnefond A, Caron E, Fajas L, Dani C, Froguel P, Annicotte JS. Cdkn2a deficiency promotes adipose tissue browning. Mol Metab 2017; 8:65-76. [PMID: 29237539 PMCID: PMC5985036 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Genome-wide association studies have reported that DNA polymorphisms at the CDKN2A locus modulate fasting glucose in human and contribute to type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Yet the causal relationship between this gene and defective energy homeostasis remains elusive. Here we sought to understand the contribution of Cdkn2a to metabolic homeostasis. Methods We first analyzed glucose and energy homeostasis from Cdkn2a-deficient mice subjected to normal or high fat diets. Subsequently Cdkn2a-deficient primary adipose cells and human-induced pluripotent stem differentiated into adipocytes were further characterized for their capacity to promote browning of adipose tissue. Finally CDKN2A levels were studied in adipocytes from lean and obese patients. Results We report that Cdkn2a deficiency protects mice against high fat diet-induced obesity, increases energy expenditure and modulates adaptive thermogenesis, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity. Disruption of Cdkn2a associates with increased expression of brown-like/beige fat markers in inguinal adipose tissue and enhances respiration in primary adipose cells. Kinase activity profiling and RNA-sequencing analysis of primary adipose cells further demonstrate that Cdkn2a modulates gene networks involved in energy production and lipid metabolism, through the activation of the Protein Kinase A (PKA), PKG, PPARGC1A and PRDM16 signaling pathways, key regulators of adipocyte beiging. Importantly, CDKN2A expression is increased in adipocytes from obese compared to lean subjects. Moreover silencing CDKN2A expression during human-induced pluripotent stem cells adipogenic differentiation promoted UCP1 expression. Conclusion Our results offer novel insight into brown/beige adipocyte functions, which has recently emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy for obesity and T2D. Modulating Cdkn2a-regulated signaling cascades may be of interest for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Cdkn2a deficiency protects mice against high fat diet-induced obesity. Cdkn2a modulates brown-like/beige fat gene networks involved in energy production and lipid metabolism. Increased CDKN2A expression in human obese adipocytes. Increased UCP1 levels in adipocytes differentiated from CDKN2A-silenced hiPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Rabhi
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sarah Anissa Hannou
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Gromada
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Elisabet Salas
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xi Yao
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, F-06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Frédérik Oger
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Charlène Carney
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Isabel C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Durand
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Iandry Rabearivelo
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emilie Caron
- INSERM, UMR S-1172, Development and Plasticity of Postnatal Brain, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, F-06107 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Lille University, UMR 8199 - EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; CNRS, UMR 8199, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Wouters K, Deleye Y, Hannou SA, Vanhoutte J, Maréchal X, Coisne A, Tagzirt M, Derudas B, Bouchaert E, Duhem C, Vallez E, Schalkwijk CG, Pattou F, Montaigne D, Staels B, Paumelle R. The tumour suppressor CDKN2A/p16 INK4a regulates adipogenesis and bone marrow-dependent development of perivascular adipose tissue. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:516-524. [PMID: 28868898 PMCID: PMC5652646 DOI: 10.1177/1479164117728012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomic CDKN2A/B locus, encoding p16INK4a among others, is linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. p16INK4a is a cell cycle regulator and tumour suppressor. Whether it plays a role in adipose tissue formation is unknown. p16INK4a knock-down in 3T3/L1 preadipocytes or p16INK4a deficiency in mouse embryonic fibroblasts enhanced adipogenesis, suggesting a role for p16INK4a in adipose tissue formation. p16INK4a-deficient mice developed more epicardial adipose tissue in response to the adipogenic peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonist rosiglitazone. Additionally, adipose tissue around the aorta from p16INK4a-deficient mice displayed enhanced rosiglitazone-induced gene expression of adipogenic markers and stem cell antigen, a marker of bone marrow-derived precursor cells. Mice transplanted with p16INK4a-deficient bone marrow had more epicardial adipose tissue compared to controls when fed a high-fat diet. In humans, p16INK4a gene expression was enriched in epicardial adipose tissue compared to other adipose tissue depots. Moreover, epicardial adipose tissue from obese humans displayed increased expression of stem cell antigen compared to lean controls, supporting a bone marrow origin of epicardial adipose tissue. These results show that p16INK4a modulates epicardial adipose tissue development, providing a potential mechanistic link between the genetic association of the CDKN2A/B locus and cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiaan Wouters
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yann Deleye
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Sarah A Hannou
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Vanhoutte
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Maréchal
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Cardiovascular Explorations, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Augustin Coisne
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Cardiovascular Explorations, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Madjid Tagzirt
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Derudas
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bouchaert
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Christian Duhem
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Laboratory for Metabolism and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Montaigne
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- Department of Cardiovascular Explorations, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
- Bart Staels, Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, BP 245, Lille 59019, France.
| | - Réjane Paumelle
- Université Lille 2, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
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50
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Lopez-Mejia IC, Lagarrigue S, Giralt A, Martinez-Carreres L, Zanou N, Denechaud PD, Castillo-Armengol J, Chavey C, Orpinell M, Delacuisine B, Nasrallah A, Collodet C, Zhang L, Viollet B, Hardie DG, Fajas L. CDK4 Phosphorylates AMPKα2 to Inhibit Its Activity and Repress Fatty Acid Oxidation. Mol Cell 2017; 68:336-349.e6. [PMID: 29053957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The roles of CDK4 in the cell cycle have been extensively studied, but less is known about the mechanisms underlying the metabolic regulation by CDK4. Here, we report that CDK4 promotes anaerobic glycolysis and represses fatty acid oxidation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) by targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We also show that fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is specifically induced by AMPK complexes containing the α2 subunit. Moreover, we report that CDK4 represses FAO through direct phosphorylation and inhibition of AMPKα2. The expression of non-phosphorylatable AMPKα2 mutants, or the use of a CDK4 inhibitor, increased FAO rates in MEFs and myotubes. In addition, Cdk4-/- mice have increased oxidative metabolism and exercise capacity. Inhibition of CDK4 mimicked these alterations in normal mice, but not when skeletal muscle was AMPK deficient. This novel mechanism explains how CDK4 promotes anabolism by blocking catabolic processes (FAO) that are activated by AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Lopez-Mejia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Lagarrigue
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Giralt
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadège Zanou
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Damien Denechaud
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Carine Chavey
- IGMM, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Meritxell Orpinell
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Delacuisine
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anita Nasrallah
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Collodet
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Viollet
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - D Grahame Hardie
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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