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Hu J, Zhu Z, Zhang Z, Hu H, Yang Q. Blockade of STARD3-mediated cholesterol transport alleviates diabetes-induced podocyte injury by reducing mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation. Life Sci 2024; 349:122722. [PMID: 38754814 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR)-related lipid transfer domain-3 (STARD3) is a sterol-binding protein that facilitates cholesterol transport between cellular organelles. Cholesterol accumulation in podocytes directly contributes to the pathogenesis of albuminuria and renal injury under the condition of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The aim of this study is to determine the role of STARD3 on the intracellular distribution of cholesterol within podocytes. METHODS In vivo and in vitro models of diabetes were performed. The protein levels of STARD3, Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1), and Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2) were respectively detected by western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Filipin staining was used to evaluate the subcellular localization of cholesterol in podocytes. Mitochondrial damage was evaluated using JC-1 (CBIC2) and ROS (reactive oxygen species) assays. KEY FINDINGS Upregulation of STARD3 under diabetes and hyperglycemia increases cholesterol transport from the late endosomal/lysosomal (LE/LY) to mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation and cell injury in podocytes. Conversely, downregulating STARD3 expression attenuated mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation, and improved mitochondrial homeostasis. SIGNIFICANCE STARD3 may govern intracellular cholesterol transport in podocytes, subsequently leading to regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Therefore, targeting STARD3 emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate diabetes-induced mitochondrial cholesterol accumulation and associated injury in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongwei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongtu Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Chen Y, Chen M, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li P. Morroniside attenuates podocytes lipid deposition in diabetic nephropathy: A network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112560. [PMID: 38959541 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a key factor influencing the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Morroniside (MOR) is a major active compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Cornus officinalis, our previous research found that it can improve the lipid deposition of renal tubular epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to explore whether MOR can improve podocyte lipid deposition and its mechanism of reducing DN. METHODS Initially, we used network pharmacology and bioinformatics techniques to predict the relationship between renal lipid metabolism of MOR and DN. Subsequently, the binding activity of MOR with lipid-related proteins was studied by molecular docking to determine how MOR acts through these proteins. After determining the target of MOR, animal experiments and cell tests were carried out to verify it. RESULTS Using network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and molecular docking, target proteins for MOR treatment of DN were predicted and screened, including PGC-1α, LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY, CD36, and nephrin. It is particularly noted that MOR effectively binds to PGC-1α, while LXRs, ABCA1, PPARY and CD36 are downstream molecules of PGC-1α. Silencing the PGC-1α gene significantly reduced the therapeutic effects of MOR. Conversely, in groups without PGC-1α knockdown, MOR was able to increase the expression levels of PGC-1α and influence the expression of downstream proteins. Furthermore, through in vivo and in vitro experiments, utilizing techniques such as lipid droplet staining, PAS, MASSON staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blot, we found that MOR effectively elevated the expression levels of the podocyte protein nephrin and lipid metabolism-regulating proteins PGC-1α, PPARY, and ABCA1, while significantly inhibiting the expression of the lipid accumulation promoter CD36. CONCLUSION MOR can regulate the cholesterol efflux in podocytes via the PGC-1α/LXRs/ABCA1 signaling pathway, and control cholesterol intake via the PGC-1α/PPARY/CD36 signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating lipid deposition in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Qiqihaer City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Si S, Liu H, Xu L, Zhan S. Identification of novel therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease and kidney function by integrating multi-omics proteome with transcriptome. Genome Med 2024; 16:84. [PMID: 38898508 PMCID: PMC11186236 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease for which there is no effective cure. We aimed to identify potential drug targets for CKD and kidney function by integrating plasma proteome and transcriptome. METHODS We designed a comprehensive analysis pipeline involving two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) (for proteins), summary-based MR (SMR) (for mRNA), and colocalization (for coding genes) to identify potential multi-omics biomarkers for CKD and combined the protein-protein interaction, Gene Ontology (GO), and single-cell annotation to explore the potential biological roles. The outcomes included CKD, extensive kidney function phenotypes, and different CKD clinical types (IgA nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, membranous nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, and diabetic nephropathy). RESULTS Leveraging pQTLs of 3032 proteins from 3 large-scale GWASs and corresponding blood- and tissue-specific eQTLs, we identified 32 proteins associated with CKD, which were validated across diverse CKD datasets, kidney function indicators, and clinical types. Notably, 12 proteins with prior MR support, including fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase 2 (IDI2), inhibin beta C chain (INHBC), butyrophilin subfamily 3 member A2 (BTN3A2), BTN3A3, uromodulin (UMOD), complement component 4A (C4a), C4b, centrosomal protein of 170 kDa (CEP170), serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 (SDCCAG8), MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B (MICB), and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2), were confirmed. To our knowledge, 20 novel causal proteins have not been previously reported. Five novel proteins, namely, GCKR (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10-1.24), IGFBP-5 (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.29-0.62), sRAGE (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07-1.22), GNPTG (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.95), and YOD1 (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.18-1.64,) passed the MR, SMR, and colocalization analysis. The other 15 proteins were also candidate targets (GATM, AIF1L, DQA2, PFKFB2, NFATC1, activin AC, Apo A-IV, MFAP4, DJC10, C2CD2L, TCEA2, HLA-E, PLD3, AIF1, and GMPR1). These proteins interact with each other, and their coding genes were mainly enrichment in immunity-related pathways or presented specificity across tissues, kidney-related tissue cells, and kidney single cells. CONCLUSIONS Our integrated analysis of plasma proteome and transcriptome data identifies 32 potential therapeutic targets for CKD, kidney function, and specific CKD clinical types, offering potential targets for the development of novel immunotherapies, combination therapies, or targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Si
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Siyan Zhan
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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4
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Njeim R, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Mechanisms and implications of podocyte autophagy in chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F877-F893. [PMID: 38601984 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a protective mechanism through which cells degrade and recycle proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity. An accumulating body of evidence underscores the significant impact of dysregulated autophagy on podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the diverse types of autophagy and their regulation in cellular homeostasis, with a specific emphasis on podocytes. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings that focus on the functional role of different types of autophagy during podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. The intricate interplay between different types of autophagy and podocyte health requires further research, which is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of CKD and developing targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
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Lee DJ, Moon JS, Song DK, Lee YS, Kim DS, Cho NJ, Gil HW, Lee EY, Park S. Genome-wide association study and fine-mapping on Korean biobank to discover renal trait-associated variants. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:299-312. [PMID: 37919891 PMCID: PMC11181046 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease is a significant health burden worldwide, with increasing incidence. Although several genome- wide association studies (GWAS) have investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with kidney trait, most studies were focused on European ancestry. METHODS We utilized clinical and genetic information collected from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). RESULTS More than five million SNPs from 58,406 participants were analyzed. After meta-GWAS, 1,360 loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at a genome-wide significant level (p = 5 × 10-8) were identified. Among them, 399 loci were validated with at least one other biomarker (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] or eGFRcysC) and 149 loci were validated using both markers. Among them, 18 SNPs (nine known ones and nine novel ones) with 20 putative genes were found. The aggregated effect of genes estimated by MAGMA gene analysis showed that these significant genes were enriched in kidney-associated pathways, with the kidney and liver being the most enriched tissues. CONCLUSION In this study, we conducted GWAS for more than 50,000 Korean individuals and identified several variants associated with kidney traits, including eGFR, BUN, and eGFRcysC. We also investigated functions of relevant genes using computational methods to define putative causal variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Moon
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Kwon Song
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Support Center (Core-Facility) for Bio-Bigdata Analysis and Utilization of Biological Resources, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
- Support Center (Core-Facility) for Bio-Bigdata Analysis and Utilization of Biological Resources, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sub Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Jun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Wook Gil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Samel Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Zuo FW, Liu ZY, Wang MW, Du JY, Ding PZ, Zhang HR, Tang W, Sun Y, Wang XJ, Zhang Y, Xie YS, Wu JC, Liu M, Wang ZY, Yi F. CCDC92 promotes podocyte injury by regulating PA28α/ABCA1/cholesterol efflux axis in type 2 diabetic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1019-1031. [PMID: 38228909 PMCID: PMC11053164 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocyte lipotoxicity mediated by impaired cellular cholesterol efflux plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the identification of potential therapeutic targets that regulate podocyte cholesterol homeostasis has clinical significance. Coiled-coil domain containing 92 (CCDC92) is a novel molecule related to metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. However, whether the expression level of CCDC92 is changed in kidney parenchymal cells and the role of CCDC92 in podocytes remain unclear. In this study, we found that Ccdc92 was significantly induced in glomeruli from type 2 diabetic mice, especially in podocytes. Importantly, upregulation of Ccdc92 in glomeruli was positively correlated with an increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and podocyte loss. Functionally, podocyte-specific deletion of Ccdc92 attenuated proteinuria, glomerular expansion and podocyte injury in mice with DKD. We further demonstrated that Ccdc92 contributed to lipid accumulation by inhibiting cholesterol efflux, finally promoting podocyte injury. Mechanistically, Ccdc92 promoted the degradation of ABCA1 by regulating PA28α-mediated proteasome activity and then reduced cholesterol efflux. Thus, our studies indicate that Ccdc92 contributes to podocyte injury by regulating the PA28α/ABCA1/cholesterol efflux axis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Wen Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jun-Yao Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng-Zhong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ji-Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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7
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Chavez E, Goncalves S, Rheault MN, Fornoni A. Alport Syndrome. ADVANCES IN KIDNEY DISEASE AND HEALTH 2024; 31:170-179. [PMID: 39004457 DOI: 10.1053/j.akdh.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is characterized by progressive kidney failure, hematuria, sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular abnormalities. Pathogenic variants in the COL4A3-5 genes result in a defective deposition of the collagen IV α3α4α5 protomers in the basement membranes of the glomerulus in the kidney, the cochlea in the ear and the cornea, lens capsule and retina in the eye. The presence of a large variety of COL4A3-5 gene(s) pathogenetic variants irrespective of the mode of inheritance (X-linked, autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, or digenic) with and without syndromic features is better defined as the "Alport spectrum disorder", and represents the most common cause of genetic kidney disease and the second most common cause of genetic kidney failure. The clinical course and prognosis of individuals with AS is highly variable. It is influenced by gender, mode of inheritance, affected gene(s), type of genetic mutation, and genetic modifiers. This review article will discuss the epidemiology, classification, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical course with genotype-phenotype correlations, and current and upcoming treatment of patients with AS. It will also review current recommendations with respect to when to evaluate for hearing loss or ophthalmologic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efren Chavez
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
| | - Stefania Goncalves
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Ear Institute, Miami, FL
| | - Michelle N Rheault
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
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Koehler S, Hengel FE, Dumoulin B, Damashek L, Holzman LB, Susztak K, Huber TB. The 14th International Podocyte Conference 2023: from podocyte biology to glomerular medicine. Kidney Int 2024; 105:935-952. [PMID: 38447880 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The 14th International Podocyte Conference took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA from May 23 to 26, 2023. It commenced with an early-career researchers' meeting on May 23, providing young scientists with a platform to present and discuss their research findings. Throughout the main conference, 29 speakers across 9 sessions shared their insights on podocyte biology, glomerular medicine, novel technologic advancements, and translational approaches. Additionally, the event featured 3 keynote lectures addressing engineered chimeric antigen receptor T cell- and mRNA-based therapies and the use of biobanks for enhanced disease comprehension. Furthermore, 4 brief oral abstract sessions allowed scientists to present their findings to a broad audience. The program also included a panel discussion addressing the challenges of conducting human research within the American Black community. Remarkably, after a 5-year hiatus from in-person conferences, the 14th International Podocyte Conference successfully convened scientists from around the globe, fostering the presentation and discussion of crucial research findings, as summarized in this review. Furthermore, to ensure continuous and sustainable education, research, translation, and trial medicine related to podocyte and glomerular diseases for the benefit of patients, the International Society of Glomerular Disease was officially launched during the conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Koehler
- III. Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas E Hengel
- III. Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Dumoulin
- III. Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laurel Damashek
- International Society of Glomerular Disease, Florence, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany; International Society of Glomerular Disease, Florence, Massachusetts, USA.
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9
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Carneiro de Oliveira K, Wei Y, Repetti RL, Meth J, Majumder N, Sapkota A, Gusella GL, Rohatgi R. Tubular deficiency of ABCA1 augments cholesterol- and Na +-dependent effects on systemic blood pressure in male mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F265-F277. [PMID: 38153852 PMCID: PMC11207546 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00154.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, with changes in plasma membrane (PM) composition, is associated with hypertension, while rising PM cholesterol induces Na+ channel activity. We hypothesize that ablation of renal tubular ABCA1, a cholesterol efflux protein, leads to cholesterol- and Na+-dependent changes in blood pressure (BP). Transgenic mice (TgPAX8rtTA;tetO-Cre/+) expressing a doxycycline (dox)-inducible CRE recombinase were bred with mice expressing floxed ABCA1 to generate renal tubules deficient in ABCA1 (ABCA1FF). Tail-cuff systolic BP (SBP) was measured in mice on specific diets. Immunoblotting was performed on whole and PM protein lysates of kidney from mice completing experimental diets. Cortical PM of ABCA1FF showed reduced ABCA1 (60 ± 28%; n = 10, P < 0.05) compared with wild-type littermates (WT; n = 9). Tail-cuff SBP of ABCA1FF (n = 11) was not only greater post dox, but also during cholesterol or high Na+ feeding (P < 0.05) compared with WT mice (n = 15). A Na+-deficient diet abolished the difference, while 6 wk of cholesterol diet raised SBP in ABCA1FF compared with mice before cholesterol feeding (P < 0.05). No difference in α-ENaC protein abundance was noted in kidney lysate; however, γ-ENaC increased in ABCA1FF mice versus WT mice. In kidney membranes, NKCC2 abundance was greater in ABCA1FF versus WT mice. Cortical lysates of ABCA1FF mouse kidneys expressed less renin and angiotensin I receptor than WT mouse kidneys. Furosemide injection induced a greater diuretic effect in ABCA1FF (n = 7; 45.2 ± 8.7 µL/g body wt) versus WT (n = 7; 33.1 ± 6.9 µL/g body wt; P < 0.05) but amiloride did not. Tubular ABCA1 deficiency induces cholesterol-dependent rise in SBP and modest Na+ sensitivity of SBP, which we speculate is partly related to Na+ transporters and channels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cholesterol has been linked to greater Na+ channel activity in kidney cells, which may predispose to systemic hypertension. We showed that when ABCA1, a protein that removes cholesterol from tissues, is ablated from mouse kidneys, systemic blood pressure is greater than normal mice. Dietary cholesterol further increases blood pressure in transgenic mice, whereas low dietary salt intake reduced blood pressure to that of normal mice. Thus, we speculate that diseases and pharmaceuticals that reduce renal ABCA1 expression, like diabetes and calcineurin inhibitors, respectively, contribute to the prominence of hypertension in their clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Carneiro de Oliveira
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Yuan Wei
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Robert L Repetti
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Jennifer Meth
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, United States
| | - Nomrota Majumder
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Ananda Sapkota
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - G Luca Gusella
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Rajeev Rohatgi
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
- Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
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10
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Xuan X, Pu X, Yang Y, Yang J, Li Y, Wu H, Xu J. Plasma MCP-1 and TGF-β1 Levels are Associated with Kidney Injury in Children with Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-023-04808-z. [PMID: 38244151 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are primarily causal for end-stage renal disease and have significant implications for long-term survival. A total of 39 healthy controls and 94 children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were enrolled (3-12 years old as children, 13-18 years old as adolescents), who were divided into CAKUT and Non-CAKUT according to the etiology of CKD. CKD group was further classified according to estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Circulating levels of inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemokine-1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were analyzed. The relationship between these inflammatory markers with eGFR and the kidney injury parameter (urine protein) was investigated to assess their potential as early markers of disease progression. All circulating levels of these inflammatory cytokines were increased in CKD patients (including CAKUT and Non-CAKUT) compared with healthy subjects. The circulating levels of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 were increased in CAKUT adolescents compared with CAKUT children. In CAKUT children, levels of MCP-1 and TGF-β1 increased as CKD progressed, and MCP-1 and TGF-β1 were negatively and significantly correlated with eGFR and positively with urine protein. MCP-1 and TGF-β1 may contribute to the early detection of CKD and disease stage/progression in CAKUT children.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoQi Xuan
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), No.299-1, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Xiao Pu
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), No.299-1, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), No.299-1, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - JinLong Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), No.299-1, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - YongLe Li
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), No.299-1, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), No.299-1, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China
| | - JianGuo Xu
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), No.299-1, Qingyang Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, 214023, China.
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11
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Luo Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Ding G. Interplay of lipid metabolism and inflammation in podocyte injury. Metabolism 2024; 150:155718. [PMID: 37925142 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are critical for maintaining permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier, and podocyte injury is a major cause of proteinuria in various primary and secondary glomerulopathies. Lipid dysmetabolism and inflammatory activation are the distinctive hallmarks of podocyte injury. Lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity trigger cytoskeletal rearrangement, insulin resistance, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inflammation. Subsequently, inflammation promotes the progression of glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis via multiple pathways. These data suggest that lipid dysmetabolism positively or negatively regulates inflammation during podocyte injury. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of lipid metabolism and inflammation, and highlight the potential association between lipid metabolism and podocyte inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilv Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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12
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Beniwal A, Jain JC, Jain A. Lipids: A Major Culprit in Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:60-69. [PMID: 38018185 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998259273231101052549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is too complex and involves a variety of pathways and mediators. Hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia are identified as major risk factors for diabetic nephropathy. Various studies revealed the fact that dyslipidemia is a major contributor to the process of diabetic nephropathy. Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal lipid levels. Lipids like LDL, free fatty acids, abnormal lipoproteins, ceramides, etc., are unsafe for kidneys. They target proximal tubular epithelial cells, podocytes, and tubulointerstitial tissues through biochemical changes, especially by enhancing the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, endorsing tissue inflammation and mitochondrial damage, which give rise to nephropathy. Major lipid targets identified are SREBP1, LXR, FXR PPAR, CD-36, PKc, AGE/RAGE pathway, and ferroptosis. The drug acting on these targets has shown improvement in DN patients. Various preclinical and clinical studies support the fact that hyperlipidemic agents are promising targets for DN. Therefore, in conjunction with other standard therapies, drugs acting on dyslipidemia can be added as a part of the regimen in order to prevent the incidence of ESRD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Beniwal
- College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Jasmine Chaudhary Jain
- College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Akash Jain
- College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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13
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Ye W, Miao Q, Xu G, Jin K, Li X, Wu W, Yu L, Yan M. CircRNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase improves mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by targeting microRNA-214-3p/ATP-binding cassette A1 axis. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2261552. [PMID: 37782276 PMCID: PMC10547449 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2261552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for acute kidney injury (AKI). In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which circRNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circ-ITCH) regulates sepsis-induced AKI. METHODS A sepsis-induced AKI mouse model was created using LPS induction and circ-ITCH overexpression. Circ-ITCH levels were confirmed via RT-qPCR. Kidney tissue changes were examined through various stains and TUNEL. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) gauged oxidative stress and inflammation. Mitochondrial features were studied with electron microscopy. RT-qPCR and western blotting assessed mitochondrial function parameters. Using starBase, binding sites between circ-ITCH and miR-214-3p, as well as miR-214-3p and ABCA1, were predicted. Regulatory connections were proven by dual-luciferase assay, RT-qPCR, and western blotting. RESULTS Circ-ITCH expression was downregulated in LPS-induced sepsis mice. Overexpression of circ-ITCH ameliorates indicators of renal function (serum creatinine [SCr], blood urea nitrogen [BUN], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], and kidney injury molecule-1 [Kim-1]), reduces renal cell apoptosis, mitigates oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species [ROS] and malondialdehyde [MDA]), and diminishes inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF-α]). Moreover, circ-ITCH overexpression alleviated mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. Furthermore, circ-ITCH acts as a sponge for miR-214-3p, thereby upregulating ABCA1 expression. In addition, the miR-214-3p inhibitor repressed oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which was reversed by circ-ITCH knockdown. Further cellular analysis in HK-2 cells supported these findings, highlighting the protective role of circ-ITCH against sepsis-induced AKI, particularly through the miR-214-3p/ABCA1 axis. CONCLUSION The novel circ-ITCH/miR-214-3p/ABCA1 pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in sepsis-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qi Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Eye Center Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kai Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Eye Center Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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14
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Mitrofanova A, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Kidney lipid dysmetabolism and lipid droplet accumulation in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:629-645. [PMID: 37500941 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with rising incidence and prevalence. Among several pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for disease progression, lipid accumulation in the kidney parenchyma might drive inflammation and fibrosis, as has been described in fatty liver diseases. Lipids and their metabolites have several important structural and functional roles, as they are constituents of cell and organelle membranes, serve as signalling molecules and are used for energy production. However, although lipids can be stored in lipid droplets to maintain lipid homeostasis, lipid accumulation can become pathogenic. Understanding the mechanisms linking kidney parenchymal lipid accumulation to CKD of metabolic or non-metabolic origin is challenging, owing to the tremendous variety of lipid species and their functional diversity across different parenchymal cells. Nonetheless, multiple research reports have begun to emphasize the effect of dysregulated kidney lipid metabolism in CKD progression. For example, altered cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism contribute to glomerular and tubular cell injury. Newly developed lipid-targeting agents are being tested in clinical trials in CKD, raising expectations for further therapeutic development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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15
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Rashmi P, Sigdel TK, Rychkov D, Damm I, Da Silva AA, Vincenti F, Lourenco AL, Craik CS, Reiser J, Sarwal MM. Perturbations in podocyte transcriptome and biological pathways induced by FSGS associated circulating factors. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:315. [PMID: 37404982 PMCID: PMC10316099 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is frequently associated with heavy proteinuria and progressive renal failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, primary FSGS also has a ~40% risk of recurrence of disease in the transplanted kidney (rFSGS). Multiple circulating factors have been identified to contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and rFSGS including soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and patient-derived CD40 autoantibody (CD40autoAb). However, the downstream effector pathways specific to individual factors require further study. The tumor necrosis factor, TNF pathway activation by one or more circulating factors present in the sera of patients with FSGS has been supported by multiple studies. Methods A human in vitro model was used to study podocyte injury measured as the loss of actin stress fibers. Anti-CD40 autoantibody was isolated from FSGS patients (recurrent and non-recurrent) and control patients with ESRD due to non-FSGS related causes. Two novel human antibodies-anti-uPAR (2G10) and anti-CD40 antibody (Bristol Meyer Squibb, 986090) were tested for their ability to rescue podocyte injury. Podocytes treated with patient derived antibody were transcriptionally profiled using whole human genome microarray. Results Here we show that podocyte injury caused by sera from FSGS patients is mediated by CD40 and suPAR and can be blocked by human anti-uPAR and anti-CD40 antibodies. Transcriptomic studies to compare the molecules and pathways activated in response to CD40 autoantibody from rFSGS patients (rFSGS/CD40autoAb) and suPAR, identified unique inflammatory pathways associated with FSGS injury. Conclusions We identified several novel and previously described genes associated with FSGS progression. Targeted blockade of suPAR and CD40 pathways with novel human antibodies showed inhibition of podocyte injury in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rashmi
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tara K. Sigdel
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Rychkov
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Izabella Damm
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Alice Da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunoregulation, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Flavio Vincenti
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andre L. Lourenco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles S. Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Minnie M. Sarwal
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Ito M, Ducasa GM, Molina JD, Santos JV, Mallela SK, Kim JJ, Ge M, Mitrofanova A, Sloan A, Merscher S, Mimura I, Fornoni A. ABCA1 deficiency contributes to podocyte pyroptosis priming via the APE1/IRF1 axis in diabetic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9616. [PMID: 37316538 PMCID: PMC10267156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35499-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression and caspase-4-mediated noncanonical inflammasome contribution have been described in podocytes in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To investigate a link between these pathways, we evaluated pyroptosis-related mediators in human podocytes with stable knockdown of ABCA1 (siABCA1) and found that mRNA levels of IRF1, caspase-4, GSDMD, caspase-1 and IL1β were significantly increased in siABCA1 compared to control podocytes and that protein levels of caspase-4, GSDMD and IL1β were equally increased. IRF1 knockdown in siABCA1 podocytes prevented increases in caspase-4, GSDMD and IL1β. Whereas TLR4 inhibition did not decrease mRNA levels of IRF1 and caspase-4, APE1 protein expression increased in siABCA1 podocytes and an APE1 redox inhibitor abrogated siABCA1-induced expression of IRF1 and caspase-4. RELA knockdown also offset the pyroptosis priming, but ChIP did not demonstrate increased binding of NFκB to IRF1 promoter in siABCA1 podocytes. Finally, the APE1/IRF1/Casp1 axis was investigated in vivo. APE1 IF staining and mRNA levels of IRF1 and caspase 11 were increased in glomeruli of BTBR ob/ob compared to wildtype. In conclusion, ABCA1 deficiency in podocytes caused APE1 accumulation, which reduces transcription factors to increase the expression of IRF1 and IRF1 target inflammasome-related genes, leading to pyroptosispriming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ito
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Gloria Michelle Ducasa
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Judith David Molina
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Javier Varona Santos
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shamroop Kumar Mallela
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Mengyuan Ge
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Imari Mimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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17
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Yang J, Li S. Molecular mechanism of Hedyotis Diffusae Herba in the treatment of lupus nephritis based on network pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1118804. [PMID: 37361229 PMCID: PMC10285311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To determine the bioactive components of Hedyotis Diffusae Herba (HDH) and the targets in treating lupus nephritis (LN), and so as to elucidate the protective mechanism of HDH against LN. Methods and results: An aggregate of 147 drug targets and 162 LN targets were obtained from online databases, with 23 overlapped targets being determined as potential therapeutic targets of HDH against LN. Through centrality analysis, TNF, VEGFA and JUN were screened as core targets. And the bindings of TNF with stigmasterol, TNF with quercetin, and VEGFA with quercetin were further validated by molecular docking. By conducting Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses for drug targets, disease targets and the shared targets, TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway, etc., were found in all these three lists, indicating the potential mechanism of HDH in the treatment of LN. Conclusion: HDH may ameliorate the renal injury in LN by targeting multi-targets and multi-pathways, including TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway and so on, which provided novel insights into further researches of the drug discovery in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Hu C, Priceputu E, Cool M, Chrobak P, Bouchard N, Forestier C, Lowell CA, Bénichou S, Hanna Z, Royal V, Jolicoeur P. NEF-Induced HIV-Associated Nephropathy Through HCK/LYN Tyrosine Kinases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:702-724. [PMID: 36868467 PMCID: PMC10284032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is a severe complication of HIV-1 infection. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of kidney disease in the setting of HIV, a transgenic (Tg) mouse model [CD4C/HIV-negative regulator factor (Nef)] was used in which HIV-1 nef expression is under control of regulatory sequences (CD4C) of the human CD4 gene, thus allowing expression in target cells of the virus. These Tg mice develop a collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with microcystic dilatation, similar to human HIVAN. To identify kidney cells permissive to the CD4C promoter, CD4C reporter Tg lines were used. They showed preferential expression in glomeruli, mainly in mesangial cells. Breeding CD4C/HIV Tg mice on 10 different mouse backgrounds showed that HIVAN was modulated by host genetic factors. Studies of gene-deficient Tg mice revealed that the presence of B and T cells and that of several genes was dispensable for the development of HIVAN: those involved in apoptosis (Trp53, Tnfsf10, Tnf, Tnfrsf1b, and Bax), in immune cell recruitment (Ccl3, Ccl2, Ccr2, Ccr5, and Cx3cr1), in nitric oxide (NO) formation (Nos3 and Nos2), or in cell signaling (Fyn, Lck, and Hck/Fgr). However, deletion of Src partially and that of Hck/Lyn largely abrogated its development. These data suggest that Nef expression in mesangial cells through hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck)/Lck/Yes novel tyrosine kinase (Lyn) represents important cellular and molecular events for the development of HIVAN in these Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elena Priceputu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marc Cool
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bouchard
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clara Forestier
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clifford A Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Serge Bénichou
- Insitut Cochin, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes and INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Zaher Hanna
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Royal
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Jolicoeur
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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19
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Ge M, Molina J, Kim JJ, Mallela SK, Ahmad A, Varona Santos J, Al-Ali H, Mitrofanova A, Sharma K, Fontanesi F, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Empagliflozin reduces podocyte lipotoxicity in experimental Alport syndrome. eLife 2023; 12:e83353. [PMID: 37129368 PMCID: PMC10185338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are anti-hyperglycemic agents that prevent glucose reabsorption in proximal tubular cells. SGLT2i improves renal outcomes in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, indicating it may have beneficial effects beyond glycemic control. Here, we demonstrate that SGLT2i affects energy metabolism and podocyte lipotoxicity in experimental Alport syndrome (AS). In vitro, we found that the SGLT2 protein was expressed in human and mouse podocytes to a similar extent in tubular cells. Newly established immortalized podocytes from Col4a3 knockout mice (AS podocytes) accumulate lipid droplets along with increased apoptosis when compared to wild-type podocytes. Treatment with SGLT2i empagliflozin reduces lipid droplet accumulation and apoptosis in AS podocytes. Empagliflozin inhibits the utilization of glucose/pyruvate as a metabolic substrate in AS podocytes but not in AS tubular cells. In vivo, we demonstrate that empagliflozin reduces albuminuria and prolongs the survival of AS mice. Empagliflozin-treated AS mice show decreased serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in association with reduced triglyceride and cholesterol ester content in kidney cortices when compared to AS mice. Lipid accumulation in kidney cortices correlates with a decline in renal function. In summary, empagliflozin reduces podocyte lipotoxicity and improves kidney function in experimental AS in association with the energy substrates switch from glucose to fatty acids in podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Judith Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Shamroop K Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Javier Varona Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of MiamiMiamiUnited States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiUnited States
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20
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Njeim R, Alkhansa S, Fornoni A. Unraveling the Crosstalk between Lipids and NADPH Oxidases in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051360. [PMID: 37242602 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Abnormal lipid metabolism and intrarenal accumulation of lipids have been shown to be strongly correlated with the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, fatty acids, and sphingolipids are among the lipids that are altered in DKD, and their renal accumulation has been linked to the pathogenesis of the disease. In addition, NADPH oxidase-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the development of DKD. Several types of lipids have been found to be tightly linked to NADPH oxidase-induced ROS production. This review aims to explore the interplay between lipids and NADPH oxidases in order to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of DKD and identify more effective targeted therapies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Njeim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sahar Alkhansa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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21
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Drexler Y, Molina J, Elfassy T, Ma R, Christoffersen C, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Mariani LH, Contreras G, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Identification of Glomerular and Plasma Apolipoprotein M as Novel Biomarkers in Glomerular Disease. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:884-897. [PMID: 37069998 PMCID: PMC10105063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysregulation of sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism contributes to the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases (GDs). Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) promotes cholesterol efflux and modulates the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Glomerular ApoM expression is decreased in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We hypothesized that glomerular ApoM deficiency occurs in GD and that ApoM expression and plasma ApoM correlate with outcomes. Methods Patients with GD from the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) were studied. We compared glomerular mRNA expression of ApoM (gApoM), sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), and S1P receptors 1 to 5 (S1PR1-5) in patients (n = 84) and controls (n = 6). We used correlation analyses to determine associations between gApoM, baseline plasma ApoM (pApoM), and urine ApoM (uApoM/Cr). We used linear regression to determine whether gApoM, pApoM, and uApoM/Cr were associated with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and proteinuria. Using Cox models, we determined whether gApoM, pApoM, and uApoM/Cr were associated with complete remission (CR) and the composite of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) or ≥40% eGFR decline. Results gApoM was reduced (P < 0.01) and SPHK1 and S1PR1 to 5 expression was increased (P < 0.05) in patients versus controls, consistent with ApoM/S1P pathway modulation. gApoM positively correlated with pApoM in the overall cohort (r = 0.34, P < 0.01) and in the FSGS (r = 0.48, P < 0.05) and minimal change disease (MCD) (r = 0.75, P < 0.05) subgroups. Every unit decrease in gApoM and pApoM (log2) was associated with a 9.77 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.96-15.57) and 13.26 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (95% CI: 3.57-22.96) lower baseline eGFR, respectively (P < 0.01). From Cox models adjusted for age, sex, or race, pApoM was a significant predictor of CR (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.06-3.23). Conclusions pApoM is a potential noninvasive biomarker of gApoM deficiency and strongly associates with clinical outcomes in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Judith Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tali Elfassy
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ruixuan Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Laura H. Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gabriel Contreras
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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22
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Abo Zed SED, Hackl A, Bohl K, Ebert L, Kieckhöfer E, Müller C, Becker K, Fink G, Nüsken KD, Nüsken E, Müller RU, Schermer B, Weber LT. Mycophenolic acid directly protects podocytes by preserving the actin cytoskeleton and increasing cell survival. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4281. [PMID: 36922538 PMCID: PMC10017704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) has an established role as a therapeutic agent in childhood nephrotic syndrome. While other immunosuppressants have been shown to positively affect podocytes, direct effects of MMF on podocytes remain largely unknown. The present study examines the effects of MMF's active component Mycophenolic Acid (MPA) on the transcriptome of podocytes and investigates its biological significance. We performed transcriptomics in cultured murine podocytes exposed to MPA to generate hypotheses on podocyte-specific effects of MPA. Accordingly, we further analyzed biological MPA effects on actin cytoskeleton morphology after treatment with bovine serum albumin (BSA) by immunofluorescence staining, as well as on cell survival following exposure to TNF-α and cycloheximide by neutral red assay. MPA treatment significantly (adjusted p < 0.05) affected expression of 351 genes in podocytes. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis particularly clustered terms related to actin and inflammation-related cell death. Indeed, quantification of the actin cytoskeleton of BSA treated podocytes revealed a significant increase of thickness and number of actin filaments after treatment with MPA. Further, MPA significantly reduced TNFα and cycloheximide induced cell death. MPA has a substantial effect on the transcriptome of podocytes in vitro, particularly including functional clusters related to non-immune cell dependent mechanisms. This may provide a molecular basis for direct beneficial effects of MPA on the structural integrity and survival of podocytes under pro-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif El Din Abo Zed
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Agnes Hackl
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Katrin Bohl
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Ebert
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emilia Kieckhöfer
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Pharmacology at the Laboratory Center, Department of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring DE, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kerstin Becker
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gregor Fink
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai-Dietrich Nüsken
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Nüsken
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Rare Kidney Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lutz T Weber
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Reiterová J, Tesař V. Current and Future Therapeutical Options in Alport Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5522. [PMID: 36982595 PMCID: PMC10056269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary kidney disease caused by pathogenic variants in COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes with autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant transmission or in the COL4A5 gene with X-linked inheritance. Digenic inheritance was also described. Clinically it is associated with microscopic hematuria, followed by proteinuria and chronic renal insufficiency with end-stage renal disease in young adults. Nowadays, there is no curative treatment available. The inhibitors of RAS (renin-angiotensin system) since childhood slow the progression of the disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors seem to be promising drugs from DAPA-CKD (dapagliflozin-chronic kidney disease) study, but only a limited number of patients with Alport syndrome was included. Endothelin type A receptor and angiotensin II type 1 receptor combined inhibitors, and lipid-lowering agents are used in ongoing studies in patients with AS and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Hydroxychloroquine in AS is studied in a clinical trial in China. Molecular genetic diagnosis of AS is crucial not only for prognosis prediction but also for future therapeutic options. Different types of mutations will require various types of gene, RNA, or protein therapy to improve the function, the of final protein product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Reiterová
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Mariani LH, Eddy S, AlAkwaa FM, McCown PJ, Harder JL, Nair V, Eichinger F, Martini S, Ademola AD, Boima V, Reich HN, El Saghir J, Godfrey B, Ju W, Tanner EC, Vega-Warner V, Wys NL, Adler SG, Appel GB, Athavale A, Atkinson MA, Bagnasco SM, Barisoni L, Brown E, Cattran DC, Coppock GM, Dell KM, Derebail VK, Fervenza FC, Fornoni A, Gadegbeku CA, Gibson KL, Greenbaum LA, Hingorani SR, Hladunewich MA, Hodgin JB, Hogan MC, Holzman LB, Jefferson JA, Kaskel FJ, Kopp JB, Lafayette RA, Lemley KV, Lieske JC, Lin JJ, Menon R, Meyers KE, Nachman PH, Nast CC, O'Shaughnessy MM, Otto EA, Reidy KJ, Sambandam KK, Sedor JR, Sethna CB, Singer P, Srivastava T, Tran CL, Tuttle KR, Vento SM, Wang CS, Ojo AO, Adu D, Gipson DS, Trachtman H, Kretzler M. Precision nephrology identified tumor necrosis factor activation variability in minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2023; 103:565-579. [PMID: 36442540 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome relies on clinical presentation and descriptive patterns of injury on kidney biopsies, but not specific to underlying pathobiology. Consequently, there are variable rates of progression and response to therapy within diagnoses. Here, an unbiased transcriptomic-driven approach was used to identify molecular pathways which are shared by subgroups of patients with either minimal change disease (MCD) or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Kidney tissue transcriptomic profile-based clustering identified three patient subgroups with shared molecular signatures across independent, North American, European, and African cohorts. One subgroup had significantly greater disease progression (Hazard Ratio 5.2) which persisted after adjusting for diagnosis and clinical measures (Hazard Ratio 3.8). Inclusion in this subgroup was retained even when clustering was limited to those with less than 25% interstitial fibrosis. The molecular profile of this subgroup was largely consistent with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway activation. Two TNF pathway urine markers were identified, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), that could be used to predict an individual's TNF pathway activation score. Kidney organoids and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of participant kidney biopsies, validated TNF-dependent increases in pathway activation score, transcript and protein levels of TIMP-1 and MCP-1, in resident kidney cells. Thus, molecular profiling identified a subgroup of patients with either MCD or FSGS who shared kidney TNF pathway activation and poor outcomes. A clinical trial testing targeted therapies in patients selected using urinary markers of TNF pathway activation is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Mariani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Sean Eddy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Fadhl M AlAkwaa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Phillip J McCown
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer L Harder
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Viji Nair
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Felix Eichinger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sebastian Martini
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Adebowale D Ademola
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Heather N Reich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamal El Saghir
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bradley Godfrey
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily C Tanner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Virginia Vega-Warner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Noel L Wys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sharon G Adler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Gerald B Appel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ambarish Athavale
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of San Diego, California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Meredith A Atkinson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Serena M Bagnasco
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura Barisoni
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel C Cattran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaia M Coppock
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine M Dell
- Center for Pediatric Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vimal K Derebail
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fernando C Fervenza
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Crystal A Gadegbeku
- Department of Kidney Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keisha L Gibson
- Pediatric Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laurence A Greenbaum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sangeeta R Hingorani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle A Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marie C Hogan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lawrence B Holzman
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Ashley Jefferson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frederick J Kaskel
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A Lafayette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kevin V Lemley
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jen-Jar Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajarasee Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin E Meyers
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick H Nachman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cynthia C Nast
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Edgar A Otto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kimberly J Reidy
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kamalanathan K Sambandam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John R Sedor
- Lerner Research Institutes, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine B Sethna
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Singer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
| | - Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Cheryl L Tran
- Pediatric Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katherine R Tuttle
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, University of Washington, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Suzanne M Vento
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chia-Shi Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akinlolu O Ojo
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Dwomoa Adu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Howard Trachtman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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25
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The Development of Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Cardiovascular Damage, and the Protective Effects of Curcuminoids. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050921. [PMID: 36900438 PMCID: PMC10000737 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem that is constantly growing. This disease presents a diverse symptomatology that implies complex therapeutic management. One of its characteristic symptoms is dyslipidemia, which becomes a risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases and increases the mortality of CKD patients. Various drugs, particularly those used for dyslipidemia, consumed in the course of CKD lead to side effects that delay the patient's recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to implement new therapies with natural compounds, such as curcuminoids (derived from the Curcuma longa plant), which can cushion the damage caused by the excessive use of medications. This manuscript aims to review the current evidence on the use of curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in CKD and CKD-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD). We first described oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic reprogramming as factors that induce dyslipidemia in CKD and their association with CVD development. We proposed the potential use of curcuminoids in CKD and their utilization in clinics to treat CKD-dyslipidemia.
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Gurumani M, Mallela SK, Varona J, Merscher S, Fornoni A, Al-Ali H. A Robust Phenotypic Screening Assay Utilizing Human Podocytes to Identify Agents that Modulate Lipid Droplets. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2625:163-174. [PMID: 36653642 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), initially thought to be mere lipid storage structures, are highly dynamic organelles with complex functions that control cell fate and behavior. In recent years, their relevance as therapeutic targets for a wide array of human diseases has been well established. Consequently, efforts to develop tools to study them have intensified, including assays that can accurately track LD levels in clinically relevant cell-based models. We previously reported that LD accumulation destines podocytes for lipotoxicity and cell death in renal diseases of metabolic and nonmetabolic origin. We also showed that LD accumulation in those cells serves as both a marker for disease progression and as a therapeutic target. Here, we describe a robust phenotypic screening method, using differentiated human podocytes, for identifying small-molecule compounds that rescue podocytes from LD accumulation and lipotoxicity under cellular stress. Major assay advances include 1) the use of a solvatochromic dye to improve LD staining, reduce background noise, and improve detection accuracy, 2) use of confocal imaging to reduce vertical overlap of LDs and enable accurate counting, 3) combining membrane and cytoskeleton stains to improve cell segmentation in confocal mode, and 4) use of an optimized spot detection algorithm that requires minimal configuration per individual run. The assay is robust and yields a Z-factor that is consistently >0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gurumani
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Shamroop Kumar Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Javier Varona
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA. .,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA. .,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA. .,The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida, USA.
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27
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Liu Y, Lv Y, Zhang T, Huang T, Lang Y, Sheng Q, Liu Y, Kong Z, Gao Y, Lu S, Yang M, Luan Y, Wang X, Lv Z. T cells and their products in diabetic kidney disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1084448. [PMID: 36776877 PMCID: PMC9909022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and has gradually become a public health problem worldwide. DKD is increasingly recognized as a comprehensive inflammatory disease that is largely regulated by T cells. Given the pivotal role of T cells and T cells-producing cytokines in DKD, we summarized recent advances concerning T cells in the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy and provided a novel perspective of immune-related factors in diabetes. Specific emphasis is placed on the classification of T cells, process of T cell recruitment, function of T cells in the development of diabetic kidney damage, and potential treatments and therapeutic strategies involving T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaodong Lv
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong University, Yantai, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yating Lang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingxiao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhijuan Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shangwei Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaqi Luan
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xining Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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28
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A rare case of nephrotic syndrome and Tangier disease. CEN Case Rep 2022:10.1007/s13730-022-00761-8. [PMID: 36496495 PMCID: PMC10393923 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-022-00761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rarely, disorders of lipid metabolism cause nephrotic syndrome with progressive kidney disease. Tangier disease is a rare condition belonging to this family of lipid disorders; however, it is not associated with kidney disease. We report a patient presenting with nephrotic syndrome, leading to the unmasking of Tangier disease. A 34-year-old man presented with ankle oedema, nephrotic-range proteinuria and hypoalbuminaemia. Kidney biopsy demonstrated membranous nephropathy with features of immunoperoxidase staining, suggesting a secondary aetiology. Acute serology was negative. Imaging showed lymphadenopathy with splenomegaly suggestive of lymphoproliferative disorder. Bone marrow biopsy revealed foamy macrophages with widespread lipid deposition. Genomic sequencing revealed a pathological homozygous variant for ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) c.1510-1G > A, consistent with Tangier disease. Review of the ultrastructural kidney biopsy features demonstrated, in addition to membranous subepithelial and intramembranous usual-type electron-dense deposits, intramembranous osmiophilic lipid deposits similar to those in LCAT deficiency. The patient's renal function gradually declined (serum creatinine 133 µmol/L); therefore, he was started on rituximab. Metabolic disorders causing nephrotic syndrome are rare and even more so their association with membranous nephropathy. These should be considered in cases with unexplained persistent nephrotic syndrome with progressive kidney disease and lipid deposits on renal biopsy.
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Mitrofanova A, Fontanella A, Tolerico M, Mallela S, Molina David J, Zuo Y, Boulina M, Kim JJ, Santos J, Ge M, Sloan A, Issa W, Gurumani M, Pressly J, Ito M, Kretzler M, Eddy S, Nelson R, Merscher S, Burke G, Fornoni A. Activation of Stimulator of IFN Genes (STING) Causes Proteinuria and Contributes to Glomerular Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:2153-2173. [PMID: 36198430 PMCID: PMC9731637 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The signaling molecule stimulator of IFN genes (STING) was identified as a crucial regulator of the DNA-sensing cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway, and this signaling pathway regulates inflammation and energy homeostasis under conditions of obesity, kidney fibrosis, and AKI. However, the role of STING in causing CKD, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and Alport syndrome, is unknown. METHODS To investigate whether STING activation contributes to the development and progression of glomerular diseases such as DKD and Alport syndrome, immortalized human and murine podocytes were differentiated for 14 days and treated with a STING-specific agonist. We used diabetic db/db mice, mice with experimental Alport syndrome, C57BL/6 mice, and STING knockout mice to assess the role of the STING signaling pathway in kidney failure. RESULTS In vitro, murine and human podocytes express all of the components of the cGAS-STING pathway. In vivo, activation of STING renders C57BL/6 mice susceptible to albuminuria and podocyte loss. STING is activated at baseline in mice with experimental DKD and Alport syndrome. STING activation occurs in the glomerular but not the tubulointerstitial compartment in association with autophagic podocyte death in Alport syndrome mice and with apoptotic podocyte death in DKD mouse models. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of STING protects from progression of kidney disease in mice with DKD and Alport syndrome and increases lifespan in Alport syndrome mice. CONCLUSION The activation of the STING pathway acts as a mediator of disease progression in DKD and Alport syndrome. Targeting STING may offer a therapeutic option to treat glomerular diseases of metabolic and nonmetabolic origin or prevent their development, progression, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Antonio Fontanella
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Matthew Tolerico
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Shamroop Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Judith Molina David
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yiqin Zuo
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Medical Group, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marcia Boulina
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Javier Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Wadih Issa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Margaret Gurumani
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jeffrey Pressly
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marie Ito
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sean Eddy
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - George Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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30
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Zuzda K, Grycuk W, Małyszko J, Małyszko J. Kidney and lipids: novel potential therapeutic targets for dyslipidemia in kidney disease? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:995-1009. [PMID: 36548906 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2161887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered lipid distribution and metabolism may lead to the development and/or progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for CKD and increases the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Therefore, lipid-lowering treatments may decrease cardiovascular risk and prevent death. AREAS COVERED Key players involved in regulating lipid accumulation in the kidney; contribution of lipids to CKD progression, lipotoxicity, and mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney disease; recent therapeutic approaches for dyslipidemia. EXPERT OPINION The precise mechanisms for regulating lipid metabolism, particularly in kidney disease, are poorly understood. Guidelines for lipid-lowering therapy for CKD are controversial. Several hypolipemic therapies are available, but compared to others, statin therapy is the most common. No clinical trial has evaluated the efficacy of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in preventing cardiovascular events or improving kidney function among patients with CKD or kidney transplant recipients. Attractive alternatives, such as PCSK9-small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules or evinacumab are available. Additionally, several promising agents, such as cyclodextrins and the FXR/TGR5 dual agonist, INT-767, can improve renal lipid metabolism disorders and delay CKD progression. Drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction could be an option for the treatment of dyslipidemia and lipotoxicity, particularly in renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Zuzda
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Grycuk
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Małyszko
- 1st Department of Nephrology and Transplantology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jolanta Małyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Bialystok, Poland
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31
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The Contribution of Lipotoxicity to Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203236. [PMID: 36291104 PMCID: PMC9601125 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is a fundamental pathophysiologic mechanism in diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and is now increasingly recognized in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pathogenesis. This review highlights lipotoxicity pathways in the podocyte and proximal tubule cell, which are arguably the two most critical sites in the nephron for DKD. The discussion focuses on membrane transporters and lipid droplets, which represent potential therapeutic targets, as well as current and developing pharmacologic approaches to reduce renal lipotoxicity.
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32
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Liu B, Wang D, Cao Y, Wu J, Zhou Y, Wu W, Wu J, Zhou J, Qiu J. MitoTEMPO protects against podocyte injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome via PINK1/Parkin pathway-mediated mitophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 929:175136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Intestinal microbiota-derived membrane vesicles and their role in chronic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166478. [PMID: 35787946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota-derived membrane vesicles (MVs) play essential roles in immunomodulation and maintenance of the intestinal micro-ecosystem. The relationship between MVs and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has remained undefined. This review provides a survey of the structure and biological function of different vesicle types and summarizes the possible pathogenic mechanisms mediated by MVs, which may be of great clinical significance in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Liu X, Qiu B, Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li X, Li L, Zhang D. The Preventive Effects of Fermented and Germinated Foxtail Millet Whole Grain on Kidney Damage in a Diabetic Mouse Model. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940404. [PMID: 35782913 PMCID: PMC9243661 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important complication of diabetes. The prevention of DKD can effectively reduce the mortality rate of diabetic patients and improve their quality of life. The present study examined the effects of fermented and germinated foxtail millet whole grain (FG-FM) on kidney lesions in a diabetic mouse model (Db/Db mice). The results proved that the FG-FM consumption significantly alleviated the kidney tissue damage in the diabetic mouse model. The transcriptome analysis of kidney tissues demonstrated that the overactivation of signaling pathways related to inflammation and immunity in the diabetic mouse model was significantly inhibited with the FG-FM intake. Moreover, the consumption of the FG-FM diet effectively elevated the bacterial diversity, increased the relative abundance of probiotics and decreased the relative abundance of previously reported DKD-related bacteria in the gut microbiota of diabetic mice. Our study confirmed foxtail millet as a potential source of functional food for the non-pharmacological intervention of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Xianshu Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Lingfei Li
| | - Di Zhang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Di Zhang
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Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C. Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:182. [PMID: 35680856 PMCID: PMC9184651 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are the driving force for the loss of nephron including tubules, glomerulus, and endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, and RAAS signaling involves in lipotoxicity. The upregulated Nox expression and the decreased Nrf2 expression result in oxidative stress directly. The injured renal resident cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells such as macrophages from bone marrow. NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cGAS-STING signaling are major signaling pathways that mediate inflammation in inflammatory cells including immune cells and injured renal resident cells. The inflammatory cells produce and secret a great number of profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1, Wnt ligands, and angiotensin II. TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling, RAAS signaling, and Notch signaling evoke the activation of myofibroblasts and promote the generation of ECM. The potential therapies targeted to these signaling pathways are also introduced here. In this review, we update the key signaling pathways of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myofibroblasts activation in kidneys with chronic injury, and the targeted drugs based on the latest studies. Unifying these pathways and the targeted therapies will be instrumental to advance further basic and clinical investigation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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36
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Qiu D, Zhao N, Chen Q, Wang M. Knockdown of circ_CDYL Contributes to Inhibit Angiotensin II-Induced Podocytes Apoptosis in Membranous Nephropathy via the miR-149-5p/TNFSF11 Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:887-895. [PMID: 35353073 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been verified as vital regulators in various diseases, including membranous nephropathy (MN). Therefore, the role of circ_CDYL in podocyte apoptosis and MN was investigated. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of circ_CDYL, microRNA-149-5p (miR-149-5p), and tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) in podocytes. In addition, angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce apoptosis of podocytes. The apoptosis-related protein expression was quantified by western blot assay. The apoptosis of podocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry assay. The interaction relationship between miR-149-5p and circ_CDYL or TNFSF11 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Circ_CDYL was significantly overexpressed in MN patients and Ang II-induced podocytes compared with control groups. Importantly, loss-of-functional experiments indicated that knockdown of circ_CDYL protected podocytes from Ang II-induced apoptosis. MiR-149-5p was verified as target of circ_CDYL and negatively correlated with circ_CDYL expression in MN patients. Knockdown of circ_CDYL-mediated effects on Ang II-induced podocyte cells were abolished by silencing miR-149-5p. Besides, the upregulation of miR-149-5p could suppress apoptosis in Ang II-induced podocyte cells by targeting TNFSF11. Under Ang II stimulation, the upregulation of TNFSF11 could increase the expression of TNFSF11 and induce apoptosis in circ_CDYL-silencing podocytes. Our results confirmed that circ_CDYL specifically targeted miR-149-5p/TNFSF11 pathway to regulate Ang II-induced apoptosis in podocytes, which might be useful diagnostic biomarkers in MN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
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Chavez E, Rodriguez J, Drexler Y, Fornoni A. Novel Therapies for Alport Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:848389. [PMID: 35547199 PMCID: PMC9081811 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.848389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary kidney disease associated with proteinuria, hematuria and progressive kidney failure. It is characterized by a defective glomerular basement membrane caused by mutations in type IV collagen genes COL4A3/A4/A5 which result in defective type IV collagen α3, α4, or α5 chains, respectively. Alport syndrome has three different patterns of inheritance: X-linked, autosomal and digenic. In a study of CKD of unknown etiology type IV collagen gene mutations accounted for the majority of the cases of hereditary glomerulopathies which suggests that AS is often underrecognized. The natural history and prognosis in patients with AS is variable and is determined by genetics and environmental factors. At present, no preventive or curative therapies exist for AS. Current treatment includes the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors which slow progression of kidney disease and prolong life expectancy. Ramipril was found in retrospective studies to delay the onset of ESKD and was recently demonstrated to be safe and effective in children and adolescents, supporting that early initiation of Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) blockade is very important. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers might be favorable for patients who develop "aldosterone breakthrough." While the DAPA-CKD trial suggests a beneficial effect of SGLT2 inhibitors in CKD of non-metabolic origin, only a handful of patients had Alport in this cohort, and therefore conclusions can't be extrapolated for the treatment of AS with SGLT2 inhibitors. Advances in our understanding on the pathogenesis of Alport syndrome has culminated in the development of innovative therapeutic approaches that are currently under investigation. We will provide a brief overview of novel therapeutic targets to prevent progression of kidney disease in AS. Our review will include bardoxolone methyl, an oral NRf2 activator; lademirsen, an anti-miRNA-21 molecule; sparsentan, dual endothelin type A receptor (ETAR) and angiotensin 1 receptor inhibitor; atrasentan, oral selective ETAR inhibitor; lipid-modifying agents, including cholesterol efflux transporter ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) inducers, discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitors and osteopontin blocking agents; the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine; the antiglycemic drug metformin and the active vitamin D analog paricalcitol. Future genomic therapeutic strategies such as chaperone therapy, genome editing and stem cell therapy will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efren Chavez
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juanly Rodriguez
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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38
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Hu J, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Yang Q, Liang W, Ding G. Alteration in Rab11-mediated endocytic trafficking of LDL receptor contributes to angiotensin II-induced cholesterol accumulation and injury in podocytes. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13229. [PMID: 35567428 PMCID: PMC9201372 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exposure of podocytes to angiotensin II (Ang II) enhances the abundance of the cell surface glycoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and promotes significant changes in the cellular cholesterol content. Recent investigation provides evidence that the small GTPase Rab11 is involved in the regulation of LDLR, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, the role of Rab11 in post‐transcriptional regulation of LDLR was evaluated to investigate potential mechanisms of podocyte cholesterol dysregulation in chronic kidney disease. Materials and Methods Cholesterol content, LDLR and Rab11 expression were assessed in podocytes from Ang II‐infused mice. In vitro, the intracellular localization of LDLR was detected under different conditions. Rab11 expression was modulated and we then explored the effect of anti‐lipid cytotoxicity by detecting LDLR expression and trafficking, cholesterol content and apoptosis in podocytes. Results Cholesterol accumulation, upregulated expression of LDLR and Rab11 were discovered in podocytes from Ang II‐infused mice. Ang II enhanced the co‐precipitation of LDLR with Rab11 and accelerated the endocytic recycling of LDLR to the plasma membrane. Additionally, silencing Rab11 promoted lysosomal degradation of LDLR and alleviated Ang II‐induced cholesterol accumulation and apoptosis in podocytes. Conversely, overexpression of Rab11 or inhibition of lysosomal degradation up‐regulated the abundance of LDLR and aggravated podocyte cholesterol deposition. Conclusions Rab11 triggers the endocytic trafficking and recycling of LDLR; overactivation of this pathway contributes to Ang II‐induced podocyte cholesterol accumulation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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39
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Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:493-520. [PMID: 35415751 PMCID: PMC9008595 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
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40
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Pressly JD, Gurumani MZ, Varona Santos JT, Fornoni A, Merscher S, Al-Ali H. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C468-C481. [PMID: 35108119 PMCID: PMC8917915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of lipid droplet biology have revealed essential roles for these organelles in mediating proper cellular homeostasis and stress response. Lipid droplets were initially thought to play a passive role in energy storage. However, recent studies demonstrate that they have substantially broader functions, including protection from reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity. Dysregulation of lipid droplet homeostasis is associated with various pathologies spanning neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and renal diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lipid droplet biology in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Pressly
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Margaret Z. Gurumani
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Javier T. Varona Santos
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Merscher
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,4The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,5Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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41
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Ito M, Gurumani MZ, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Glucose- and Non-Glucose-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030351. [PMID: 35327540 PMCID: PMC8945149 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In this review, we will discuss mitochondrial dysfunction observed in preclinical models of DKD as well as in clinical DKD with a focus on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), biogenesis, fission and fusion, mitophagy and urinary mitochondrial biomarkers. Both glucose- and non-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction will be discussed. In terms of glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, the energetic shift from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis, called the Warburg effect, occurs and the resulting toxic intermediates of glucose metabolism contribute to DKD-induced injury. In terms of non-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, we will review the roles of lipotoxicity, hypoxia and vasoactive pathways, including endothelin-1 (Edn1)/Edn1 receptor type A signaling pathways. Although the relative contribution of each of these pathways to DKD remains unclear, the goal of this review is to highlight the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD and to discuss how markers of mitochondrial dysfunction could help us stratify patients at risk for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sandra Merscher
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.F.); Tel.: +1-305-243-6567 (S.M.); +1-305-243-7745 (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.F.); Tel.: +1-305-243-6567 (S.M.); +1-305-243-7745 (A.F.)
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42
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Purohit S, Piani F, Ordoñez FA, de Lucas-Collantes C, Bauer C, Cara-Fuentes G. Molecular Mechanisms of Proteinuria in Minimal Change Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:761600. [PMID: 35004732 PMCID: PMC8733331 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.761600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common type of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood and represents about 15% cases in adults. It is characterized by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and podocyte foot process effacement on electron microscopy. Clinical and experimental studies have shown an association between MCD and immune dysregulation. Given the lack of inflammatory changes or immunocomplex deposits in the kidney tissue, MCD has been traditionally thought to be mediated by an unknown circulating factor(s), probably released by T cells that directly target podocytes leading to podocyte ultrastructural changes and proteinuria. Not surprisingly, research efforts have focused on the role of T cells and podocytes in the disease process. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of the disease remains a mystery. More recently, B cells have been postulated as an important player in the disease either by activating T cells or by releasing circulating autoantibodies against podocyte targets. There are also few reports of endothelial injury in MCD, but whether glomerular endothelial cells play a role in the disease remains unexplored. Genome-wide association studies are providing insights into the genetic susceptibility to develop the disease and found a link between MCD and certain human haplotype antigen variants. Altogether, these findings emphasize the complex interplay between the immune system, glomerular cells, and the genome, raising the possibility of distinct underlying triggers and/or mechanisms of proteinuria among patients with MCD. The heterogeneity of the disease and the lack of good animal models of MCD remain major obstacles in the understanding of MCD. In this study, we will review the most relevant candidate mediators and mechanisms of proteinuria involved in MCD and the current models of MCD-like injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Purohit
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Federica Piani
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flor A Ordoñez
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Colin Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gabriel Cara-Fuentes
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death, and presently, there is no definitive clinical indicator of future suicide behaviors. Anhedonia, a transdiagnostic symptom reflecting diminished ability to experience pleasure, has recently emerged as a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs). This overview, therefore, has the following aims. First, prior research relating anhedonia to STBs will be reviewed, with a particular focus on clarifying whether anhedonia is more closely associated with suicidal thoughts versus behaviors. Second, the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria Positive Valence Systems provide a useful heuristic to probe anhedonia across different units of analysis, including clinical symptoms, behaviors, neural mechanisms, and molecular targets. Accordingly, anhedonia-related constructs linked to STBs will be detailed as well as promising next steps for future research. Third, although anhedonia is not directly addressed in leading suicide theories, this review will provide potential inroads to explore anhedonia within diathesis-stress and interpersonal suicide frameworks. Last, novel approaches to treat anhedonia as a means of reducing STBs will be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Pan X. Cholesterol Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Physiology, Pathologic Mechanisms, and Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:119-143. [PMID: 35503178 PMCID: PMC11106795 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins are risk factors for atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and diabetes. These four conditions have also been identified as risk factors leading to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although many pathways that generate high plasma levels of these factors have been identified, most clinical and physiologic dysfunction results from aberrant assembly and secretion of lipoproteins. The results of several published studies suggest that elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol are a risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery calcification associated with type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD. Cholesterol metabolism has also been identified as an important pathway contributing to the development of CKD; clinical treatments designed to alter various steps of the cholesterol synthesis and metabolism pathway are currently under study. Cholesterol synthesis and catabolism contribute to a multistep process with pathways that are regulated at the cellular level in renal tissue. Cholesterol metabolism may also be regulated by the balance between the influx and efflux of cholesterol molecules that are capable of crossing the membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and podocytes. Cellular accumulation of cholesterol can result in lipotoxicity and ultimately kidney dysfunction and failure. Thus, further research focused on cholesterol metabolism pathways will be necessary to improve our understanding of the impact of cholesterol restriction, which is currently a primary intervention recommended for patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
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45
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Sun Y, Cui S, Hou Y, Yi F. The Updates of Podocyte Lipid Metabolism in Proteinuric Kidney Disease. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 7:438-451. [PMID: 34901191 DOI: 10.1159/000518132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes, functionally specialized and terminally differentiated glomerular visceral epithelial cells, are critical for maintaining the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte injury is considered as the most important early event contributing to proteinuric kidney diseases such as obesity-related renal disease, diabetic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and minimal change disease. Although considerable advances have been made in the understanding of mechanisms that trigger podocyte injury, cell-specific and effective treatments are not clinically available. SUMMARY Emerging evidence has indicated that the disorder of podocyte lipid metabolism is closely associated with various proteinuric kidney diseases. Excessive lipid accumulation in podocytes leads to cellular dysfunction which is defined as lipotoxicity, a phenomenon characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, insulin resistance, and inflammatory response that can eventually result in podocyte hypertrophy, detachment, and death. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of lipids in podocyte biological function and the regulatory mechanisms leading to podocyte lipid accumulation in proteinuric kidney disease. KEY MESSAGES Targeting podocyte lipid metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sijia Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfeng Hou
- Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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46
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Ponticelli C, Reggiani F, Moroni G. Old and New Calcineurin Inhibitors in Lupus Nephritis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10214832. [PMID: 34768354 PMCID: PMC8584552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10214832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are drugs that inhibit calcineurin, a key phosphatase that dephosphorylates a transcription factor called the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), allowing its translocation into the nucleus of quiescent T cells. In the nucleus, NFAT activates interleukin 2, which stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of T-cells. CNIs can also stabilize the actin cytoskeleton of podocytes reducing proteinuria. Thanks to these characteristics, CNIs have been often used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, the therapeutic index of CNIs is narrow, and their interactions with other drugs can increase toxicity or reduce efficacy. In lupus nephritis, cyclosporine and tacrolimus have been used both in induction and maintenance therapies. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials showed that both cyclosporine and tacrolimus can increase efficacy. Tolerance is satisfactory if low doses are used and the patient is carefully monitored. More recently, a new CNI, called voclosporin (VCS), has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in lupus nephritis. VCS offers potential advantages over other CNIs. In two large multiethnic trials, VCS was not associated with adverse renal and metabolic events and obtained positive results despite a novel and rapid corticosteroid tapering regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponticelli
- Nephrology Division, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Division, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Division, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Milan, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.)
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47
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Song Y, Liu J, Zhao K, Gao L, Zhao J. Cholesterol-induced toxicity: An integrated view of the role of cholesterol in multiple diseases. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1911-1925. [PMID: 34562355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High levels of cholesterol are generally considered to be associated with atherosclerosis. In the past two decades, however, a number of studies have shown that excess cholesterol accumulation in various tissues and organs plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. Here, we summarize the effects of excess cholesterol on disease pathogenesis, including liver diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, pituitary-thyroid axis dysfunction, immune disorders, and COVID-19, while proposing that excess cholesterol-induced toxicity is ubiquitous. We believe this concept will help broaden the appreciation of the toxic effect of excess cholesterol, and thus potentially expand the therapeutic use of cholesterol-lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine & Metabolic Disease, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China.
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48
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Use of Lipid-Modifying Agents for the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080820. [PMID: 34442464 PMCID: PMC8401447 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dyslipidemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is more common in nephrotic syndrome (NS), and guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia in NS are largely opinion-based. In addition to the role of circulating lipids, an increasing number of studies suggest that intrarenal lipids contribute to the progression of glomerular diseases, indicating that proteinuric kidney diseases may be a form of "fatty kidney disease" and that reducing intracellular lipids could represent a new therapeutic approach to slow the progression of CKD. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in the utilization of lipid-modifying agents to lower renal parenchymal lipid accumulation and to prevent or reduce kidney injury. The agents mentioned in this review are categorized according to their specific targets, but they may also regulate other lipid-relevant pathways.
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49
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Zhang RX, Zhang X, Zhang BL, Liu ZF, Lin SX. Expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome and its association with hyperlipidemia. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:828-834. [PMID: 34511173 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) before and after treatment and its correlation with blood lipids, as well as the role of adipokines in PNS children with hyperlipidemia. METHODS A total of 90 children who were diagnosed with incipient PNS or recurrence of PNS after corticosteroid withdrawal for more than 6 months were enrolled as subjects. Thirty children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected from the children in the control group and the children with PNS before corticosteroid therapy (active stage) and after urinary protein clearance following 4 weeks of corticosteroid therapy (remission stage). ELISA was used to measure the levels of adipokines. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood lipid levels. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the children with PNS had a significantly lower level of omentin-1 in both active and remission stages, and their level of omentin-1 in the active stage was significantly lower than that in the remission stage (P<0.001). For the children with PNS, the level of chemerin in the active stage was significantly higher than that in the remission stage, and the children with PNS in the active stage had a significantly higher level of chemerin than the control group (P<0.001). For the children with PNS, atherogenic index of plasma, atherogenic coefficient (AC), castelli risk index-1 (CRI-1), castelli risk index-2 (CRI-2), and non-high-density lipoprotein in the active stage were significantly higher than those in the remission stage (P<0.001), and these indices in the children with PNS in the active stage were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). The children with PNS in the remission stage had significantly higher atherogenic index of plasma, AC, CRI-1, and non-high-density lipoprotein than the control group (P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the children with PNS in the remission stage had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A (P<0.01). In the children with PNS, the ratio of omentin-1 before and after corticosteroid therapy was positively correlated with that of high-density lipoprotein, 24-hour urinary protein excretion, and high-density lipoprotein/apolipoprotein A before and after treatment, and it was negatively correlated with the ratio of AC and CRI-1 before and after treatment (P<0.05). The PNS children with low omentin-1 levels in the active stage had significantly higher levels of CRI-1, CRI-2, AC, and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A ratio than those with high omentin-1 levels (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Omentin-1 may be associated with disease activity, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in children with PNS. Blood lipid ratios may be more effective than traditional blood lipid parameters in monitoring early cardiovascular risk in children with PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Bi-Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Zhu-Feng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
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Ren J, Xu Y, Lu X, Wang L, Ide S, Hall G, Souma T, Privratsky JR, Spurney RF, Crowley SD. Twist1 in podocytes ameliorates podocyte injury and proteinuria by limiting CCL2-dependent macrophage infiltration. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e148109. [PMID: 34369383 PMCID: PMC8410065 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Twist1 regulates several processes that could impact kidney disease progression, including epithelial cell differentiation and inflammatory cytokine induction. Podocytes are specialized epithelia that exhibit features of immune cells and could therefore mediate unique effects of Twist1 on glomerular disease. To study Twist1 functions in podocytes during proteinuric kidney disease, we employed a conditional mutant mouse in which Twist1 was selectively ablated in podocytes (Twist1-PKO). Deletion of Twist1 in podocytes augmented proteinuria, podocyte injury, and foot process effacement in glomerular injury models. Twist1 in podocytes constrained renal accumulation of monocytes/macrophages and glomerular expression of CCL2 and the macrophage cytokine TNF-α after injury. Deletion of TNF-α selectively from podocytes had no impact on the progression of proteinuric nephropathy. By contrast, the inhibition of CCL2 abrogated the exaggeration in proteinuria and podocyte injury accruing from podocyte Twist1 deletion. Collectively, Twist1 in podocytes mitigated urine albumin excretion and podocyte injury in proteinuric kidney diseases by limiting CCL2 induction that drove monocyte/macrophage infiltration into injured glomeruli. Myeloid cells, rather than podocytes, further promoted podocyte injury and glomerular disease by secreting TNF-α. These data highlight the capacity of Twist1 in the podocyte to mitigate glomerular injury by curtailing the local myeloid immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuemei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shintaro Ide
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gentzon Hall
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert F Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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