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Zeng Y, Lockhart AC, Jin RU. The preclinical discovery and development of zolbetuximab for the treatment of gastric cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:873-886. [PMID: 38919123 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2370332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology with high mortality rates and few advancements in treatment. Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a tight junction protein primarily expressed in the stomach and is frequently overexpressed in certain subsets of gastric cancers. Targeting CLDN18.2 with monoclonal antibodies, such as zolbetuximab (IMAB362), has shown promising efficacy results in combination with chemotherapy. AREAS COVERED The molecular cell biology of CLDN18.2 is discussed along with studies demonstrating the utility of CLDN18.2 expression as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Important clinical studies are reviewed, including Phase III trials, SPOTLIGHT and GLOW, which demonstrate the efficacy of zolbetuximab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with CLDN18.2-positive advanced gastric cancer. EXPERT OPINION CLDN18.2 is involved in gastric differentiation through maintenance of epithelial barrier function and coordination of signaling pathways, and its expression in gastric cancers reflects a 'gastric differentiation' program. Targeting Claudin-18.2 represents the first gastric cancer specific 'targeted' treatment. Further studies are needed to determine its role within current gastric cancer treatment sequencing, including HER2-targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Management strategies will also be needed to better mitigate zolbetuximab-related treatment side effects, including gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Zeng
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - A Craig Lockhart
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ramon U Jin
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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2
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Cortiana V, Abbas RH, Chorya H, Gambill J, Mahendru D, Park CH, Leyfman Y. Personalized Medicine in Pancreatic Cancer: The Promise of Biomarkers and Molecular Targeting with Dr. Michael J. Pishvaian. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2329. [PMID: 39001391 PMCID: PMC11240738 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, with its alarming rising incidence, is predicted to become the second deadliest type of solid tumor by 2040, highlighting the urgent need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies. Despite medical advancements, the five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer remains about 14%, dropping further when metastasized. This review explores the promise of biomarkers for early detection, personalized treatment, and disease monitoring. Molecular classification of pancreatic cancer into subtypes based on genetic mutations, gene expression, and protein markers guides treatment decisions, potentially improving outcomes. A plethora of clinical trials investigating different strategies are currently ongoing. Targeted therapies, among which those against CLAUDIN 18.2 and inhibitors of Claudin 18.1, have shown promise. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a powerful tool for the comprehensive genomic analysis of pancreatic tumors, revealing unique genetic alterations that drive cancer progression. This allows oncologists to tailor therapies to target specific molecular abnormalities. However, challenges remain, including limited awareness and uptake of biomarker-guided therapies. Continued research into the molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer is essential for developing more effective treatments and improving patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cortiana
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Diksha Mahendru
- Global Remote Research Scholars Program, St. Paul, MN 55101, USA
| | | | - Yan Leyfman
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai South Nassau, Oceanside, NY 11572, USA
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Chandran RR, Vijayaraj P, Garcia-Milian R, King J, Castillo K, Chen L, Kwon Y, William S, Rickabaugh TM, Langerman J, Choi W, Sen C, Lever JEP, Li Q, Pavelkova N, Plosa EJ, Rowe SM, Plath K, Clair G, Gomperts BN. Loss of cell junctional components and matrix alterations drive cell desquamation and fibrotic changes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599411. [PMID: 38948715 PMCID: PMC11212876 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The distal bronchioles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) exhibit histopathological abnormalities such as bronchiolization, peribronchiolar fibrosis and honeycomb cysts that contribute to the overall architectural remodeling of lung tissue seen in the disease. Here we describe an additional histopathologic finding of epithelial desquamation in patients with IPF, wherein epithelial cells detach from the basement membrane of the distal bronchioles. To understand the mechanism driving this pathology, we performed spatial transcriptomics of the epithelial cells and spatial proteomics of the basement membrane of the distal bronchioles from IPF patients and patients with no prior history of lung disease. Our findings reveal a downregulation of cell junctional components, upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition signatures and dysregulated basement membrane matrix in IPF distal bronchioles, facilitating epithelial desquamation. Further, functional assays identified regulation between Collagen IV in the matrix, and the junctional genes JUP and PLEC , that is crucial for maintaining distal bronchiolar homeostasis. In IPF, this balanced regulation between matrix and cell-junctions is disrupted, leading to loss of epithelial adhesion, peribronchiolar fibrosis and epithelial desquamation. Overall, our study suggests that in IPF the interplay between the loss of cell junctions and a dysregulated matrix results in desquamation of distal bronchiolar epithelium and lung remodeling, exacerbating the disease. One Sentence Summary Two-way regulation of cell junctional proteins and matrix proteins drives cellular desquamation and fibrosis in the distal bronchioles of patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.
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Liu Y, Zhou W, Zhao J, Chu M, Xu M, Wang X, Xie L, Zhou Y, Song L, Wang J, Yang T. Regulation of YAP translocation by myeloid Pten deficiency alleviates acute lung injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:199-210. [PMID: 38901501 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is intricately involved in modulating the inflammatory response in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nevertheless, the myeloid PTEN governing Hippo-YAP pathway mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI remains to be elucidate. METHODS The floxed Pten (PtenFL/FL) and myeloid-specific Pten knockout (PtenM-KO) mice were intratracheal instill LPS (5 mg/kg) to establish ALI, then Yap siRNA mix with the mannose-conjugated polymers was used to knockdown endogenous macrophage YAP in some PtenM-KO mice before LPS challenged. The bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from PtenFL/FL and PtenM-KO mice were obtained, and BMMs were transfected with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated glycogen synthase kinase 3 Beta (GSK3β) knockout (KO) or Yes-associated protein (YAP) KO vector subjected to LPS (100 ng/ml) challenged or then cocultured with MLE12 cells. RESULTS Here, our findings demonstrate that myeloid-specific PTEN deficiency exerts a protective against LPS-induced oxidative stress and inflammation dysregulated in ALI model. Moreover, ablation of the PTEN-YAP axis in macrophages results in reduced nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2 (NRF2) expression, a decrease in antioxidant gene expression, augmented levels of free radicals, lipid and protein peroxidation, heightened generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately leading to increased apoptosis in MLE12 cells. Mechanistically, it is noteworthy that the deletion of myeloid PTEN promotes YAP translocation and regulates NRF2 expression, alleviating LPS-induced ALI via the inhibition of GSK3β and MST1 binding. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the crucial role of the myeloid PTEN-YAP-NRF2 axis in governing oxidative stress and inflammation dysregulated in ALI, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang School of Clinical Medicine with Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqin Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang School of Clinical Medicine with Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingqiang Chu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingcui Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang School of Clinical Medicine with Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liangjie Xie
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang School of Clinical Medicine with Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijia Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang School of Clinical Medicine with Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang School of Clinical Medicine with Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang School of Clinical Medicine with Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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De Sanctis F, Dusi S, Caligola S, Anselmi C, Petrova V, Rossi B, Angelini G, Erdeljan M, Wöll S, Schlitter AM, Metzler T, Steiger K, Borok Z, Bailey P, Bauer A, Halin C, Boschi F, Giugno R, Canè S, Lawlor R, Corbo V, Scarpa A, Constantin G, Ugel S, Vascotto F, Sahin U, Türeci Ö, Bronte V. Expression of the membrane tetraspanin claudin 18 on cancer cells promotes T lymphocyte infiltration and antitumor immunity in pancreatic cancer. Immunity 2024; 57:1378-1393.e14. [PMID: 38749447 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumors weakly infiltrated by T lymphocytes poorly respond to immunotherapy. We aimed to unveil malignancy-associated programs regulating T cell entrance, arrest, and activation in the tumor environment. Differential expression of cell adhesion and tissue architecture programs, particularly the presence of the membrane tetraspanin claudin (CLDN)18 as a signature gene, demarcated immune-infiltrated from immune-depleted mouse pancreatic tumors. In human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and non-small cell lung cancer, CLDN18 expression positively correlated with more differentiated histology and favorable prognosis. CLDN18 on the cell surface promoted accrual of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), facilitating direct CTL contacts with tumor cells by driving the mobilization of the adhesion protein ALCAM to the lipid rafts of the tumor cell membrane through actin. This process favored the formation of robust immunological synapses (ISs) between CTLs and CLDN18-positive cancer cells, resulting in increased T cell activation. Our data reveal an immune role for CLDN18 in orchestrating T cell infiltration and shaping the tumor immune contexture.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Claudins/metabolism
- Claudins/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Immunological Synapses/metabolism
- Immunological Synapses/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Membrane Microdomains/immunology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Sanctis
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Anselmi
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Varvara Petrova
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Angelini
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Erdeljan
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Wöll
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Melissa Schlitter
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany; Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Metzler
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zea Borok
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter Bailey
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Aline Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefania Canè
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Lawlor
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy; Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON-Translational Oncology at the University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ugur Sahin
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Özlem Türeci
- Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, Mainz, Germany; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Hana C, Thaw Dar NN, Galo Venegas M, Vulfovich M. Claudins in Cancer: A Current and Future Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4634. [PMID: 38731853 PMCID: PMC11083183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a family of 27 proteins that have an important role in the formation of tight junctions. They also have an important function in ion exchange, cell mobility, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, the latter being very important in cancer invasion and metastasis. Therapeutic targeting of claudins has been investigated to improve cancer outcomes. Recent evidence shows improved outcomes when combining monoclonal antibodies against claudin 18.2 with chemotherapy for patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor T-cells targeting claudin 18 are under investigation. In this review, we will discuss the major functions of claudins, their distribution in the normal as well as cancerous tissues, and their effect in cancer metastasis, with a special focus on the therapeutic targeting of claudins to improve cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hana
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA; (N.N.T.D.); (M.G.V.)
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7
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Xu Q, Jia C, Ou Y, Zeng C, Jia Y. Dark horse target Claudin18.2 opens new battlefield for pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1371421. [PMID: 38511141 PMCID: PMC10951399 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1371421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, which is a serious threat to human health and life, and it is expected that pancreatic cancer may be the second leading cause of cancer death in developed countries by 2030. Claudin18.2 is a tight junction protein expressed in normal gastric mucosal tissues, which is involved in the formation of tight junctions between cells and affects the permeability of paracellular cells. Claudin18.2 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer and is associated with the initiation, progression, metastasis and prognosis of cancer, so it is considered a potential therapeutic target. Up to now, a number of clinical trials for Claudin18.2 are underway, including solid tumors such as pancreatic cancers and gastric cancers, and the results of these trials have not yet been officially announced. This manuscript briefly describes the Claudia protein, the dual roles of Cluadin18 in cancers, and summarizes the ongoing clinical trials targeting Claudin18.2 with a view to integrating the research progress of Claudin18.2 targeted therapy. In addition, this manuscript introduces the clinical research progress of Claudin18.2 positive pancreatic cancer, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, CAR-T cell therapy, and hope to provide feasible ideas for the clinical treatment of Claudin18.2 positive pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Caiyan Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanxiu Zeng
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Department of Oncology, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Zhang J, Liu Y. Epithelial stem cells and niches in lung alveolar regeneration and diseases. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:17-26. [PMID: 38645714 PMCID: PMC11027191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alveoli serve as the functional units of the lungs, responsible for the critical task of blood-gas exchange. Comprising type I (AT1) and type II (AT2) cells, the alveolar epithelium is continuously subject to external aggressors like pathogens and airborne particles. As such, preserving lung function requires both the homeostatic renewal and reparative regeneration of this epithelial layer. Dysfunctions in these processes contribute to various lung diseases. Recent research has pinpointed specific cell subgroups that act as potential stem or progenitor cells for the alveolar epithelium during both homeostasis and regeneration. Additionally, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells synergistically establish a nurturing microenvironment-or "niche"-that modulates these epithelial stem cells. This review aims to consolidate the latest findings on the identities of these stem cells and the components of their niche, as well as the molecular mechanisms that govern them. Additionally, this article highlights diseases that arise due to perturbations in stem cell-niche interactions. We also discuss recent technical innovations that have catalyzed these discoveries. Specifically, this review underscores the heterogeneity, plasticity, and dynamic regulation of these stem cell-niche systems. It is our aspiration that a deeper understanding of the fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying alveolar homeostasis and regeneration will open avenues for identifying novel therapeutic targets for conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), fibrosis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuru Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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9
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Nath SC, Babaei-Abraki S, Meng G, Heale KA, Hsu CYM, Rancourt DE. A retinoid analogue, TTNPB, promotes clonal expansion of human pluripotent stem cells by upregulating CLDN2 and HoxA1. Commun Biol 2024; 7:190. [PMID: 38365890 PMCID: PMC10873380 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic dissociation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into single cells during routine passage leads to massive cell death. Although the Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor, Y-27632 can enhance hPSC survival and proliferation at high seeding density, dissociated single cells undergo apoptosis at clonal density. This presents a major hurdle when deriving genetically modified hPSC lines since transfection and genome editing efficiencies are not satisfactory. As a result, colonies tend to contain heterogeneous mixtures of both modified and unmodified cells, making it difficult to isolate the desired clone buried within the colony. In this study, we report improved clonal expansion of hPSCs using a retinoic acid analogue, TTNPB. When combined with Y-27632, TTNPB synergistically increased hPSC cloning efficiency by more than 2 orders of magnitude (0.2% to 20%), whereas TTNPB itself increased more than double cell number expansion compared to Y-27632. Furthermore, TTNPB-treated cells showed two times higher aggregate formation and cell proliferation compared to Y-27632 in suspension culture. TTNPB-treated cells displayed a normal karyotype, pluripotency and were able to stochastically differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. TTNBP acts, in part, by promoting cellular adhesion and self-renewal through the upregulation of Claudin 2 and HoxA1. By promoting clonal expansion, TTNPB provides a new approach for isolating and expanding pure hPSCs for future cell therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman C Nath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shahnaz Babaei-Abraki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kali A Heale
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Charlie Y M Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Derrick E Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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10
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Angerilli V, Ghelardi F, Nappo F, Grillo F, Parente P, Lonardi S, Luchini C, Pietrantonio F, Ugolini C, Vanoli A, Fassan M. Claudin-18.2 testing and its impact in the therapeutic management of patients with gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas: A literature review with expert opinion. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155145. [PMID: 38277741 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Claudin-18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a member of the tight junction protein family and is a highly selective biomarker with frequent abnormal expression during the occurrence and development of various primary malignant tumors, including gastric cancer (GC) and esophago-gastric junction adenocarcinomas (EGJA). For these reasons, CLDN18.2 has been investigated as a therapeutic target for GC/EGJA malignancies. Recently, zolbetuximab has been proposed as a new standard of care for patients with CLDN18.2-positive, HER2-negative, locally advanced and metastatic GC/EGJA. The use of CLDN18 IHC assays to select patients who might benefit from anti-CLDN18.2 therapy is currently entering clinical practice. In this setting, pathologists play a central role in therapeutic decision-making. Accurate biomarker assessment is essential to ensure the best therapeutic option for patients. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive overview of available evidence on CLDN18.2 testing and its impact on the therapeutic management of patients with GC/EGJA, as well as some practical suggestions for CLDN18.2 staining interpretation and potential pitfalls in the real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Ghelardi
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Floriana Nappo
- Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy; Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Italy.
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Medical Oncology 3, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Ugolini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
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11
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Yang M, Shen H, Flodby P, Koss MD, Bassiouni R, Liu Y, Jashashvili T, Neely A, Ogbolu E, Castillo J, Stueve TR, Mullen DJ, Ryan AL, Carpten J, Castaldi A, Wallace WD, Zhou B, Borok Z, Marconett CN. Alveolar type I cells can give rise to KRAS-induced lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113286. [PMID: 37995179 PMCID: PMC10842735 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer and presents clinically with a high degree of biological heterogeneity and distinct clinical outcomes. The current paradigm of LUAD etiology posits alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells as the primary cell of origin, while the role of AT1 cells in LUAD oncogenesis remains unknown. Here, we examine oncogenic transformation in mouse Gram-domain containing 2 (Gramd2)+ AT1 cells via oncogenic KRASG12D. Activation of KRASG12D in AT1 cells induces multifocal LUAD, primarily of papillary histology. Furthermore, KRT8+ intermediate cell states were observed in both AT2- and AT1-derived LUAD, but SCGB3A2+, another intermediate cell marker, was primarily associated with AT1 cells, suggesting different mechanisms of tumor evolution. Collectively, our study reveals that Gramd2+ AT1 cells can serve as a cell of origin for LUAD and suggests that distinct subtypes of LUAD based on cell of origin be considered in the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiao Yang
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hua Shen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Per Flodby
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Michael D Koss
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rania Bassiouni
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yixin Liu
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tea Jashashvili
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Neely
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ezuka Ogbolu
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jonathan Castillo
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Theresa Ryan Stueve
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Daniel J Mullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - W Dean Wallace
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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12
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Shen H, Chen W, Liu Y, Castaldi A, Castillo J, Horie M, Flodby P, Sundar S, Li C, Ji Y, Minoo P, Marconett CN, Zhou B, Borok Z. GRAMD2 + alveolar type I cell plasticity facilitates cell state transitions in organoid culture. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.560801. [PMID: 37905051 PMCID: PMC10614891 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.560801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial regeneration is critical for normal lung function and becomes dysregulated in disease. While alveolar type 2 (AT2) and club cells are known distal lung epithelial progenitors, determining if alveolar epithelial type 1 (AT1) cells also contribute to alveolar regeneration has been hampered by lack of highly specific mouse models labeling AT1 cells. To address this, the Gramd2 CreERT2 transgenic strain was generated and crossed to Rosa mTmG mice. Extensive cellular characterization, including distal lung immunofluorescence and cytospin staining, confirmed that GRAMD2 + AT1 cells are highly enriched for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Interestingly, Gramd2 CreERT2 GFP + cells were able to form organoids in organoid co-culture with Mlg fibroblasts. Temporal scRNAseq revealed that Gramd2 + AT1 cells transition through numerous intermediate lung epithelial cell states including basal, secretory and AT2 cell in organoids while acquiring proliferative capacity. Our results indicate that Gramd2 + AT1 cells are highly plastic suggesting they may contribute to alveolar regeneration.
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13
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Pan C, Xu A, Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Chen C. Research progress of Claudin-low breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1226118. [PMID: 37904877 PMCID: PMC10613467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1226118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is a subgroup of breast cancer discovered at the molecular level in 2007. Claudin is one of the primary proteins that make up tight junctions, and it plays crucial roles in anti-inflammatory and antitumor responses as well as the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. Decreased expression of claudin results in the disruption of tight junction structures and the activation of downstream signaling pathways, which can lead to tumor formation. The origin of Claudin-low breast cancer is still in dispute. Claudin-low breast cancer is characterized by low expression of Claudin3, 4, 7, E-cadherin, and HER2 and high expression of Vimentin, Snai 1/2, Twist 1/2, Zeb 1/2, and ALDH1, as well as stem cell characteristics. The clinical onset of claudin-low breast cancer is at menopause age, and its histological grade is higher. This subtype of breast cancer is more likely to spread to lymph nodes than other subtypes. Claudin-low breast cancer is frequently accompanied by increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis. According to a clinical retrospective analysis, claudin-low breast cancer can achieve low pathological complete remission. At present, although several therapeutic targets of claudin-low breast cancer have been identified, the effective treatment remains in basic research stages, and no animal studies or clinical trials have been designed. The origin, molecular biological characteristics, pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of CLBC are extensively discussed in this article. This will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of CLBC and serve as the foundation for the individualization of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Pan
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Anqi Xu
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfei Yao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Youmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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14
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Liu M, Zhou R, Zou W, Yang Z, Li Q, Chen Z, Jiang L, Zhang J. Machine learning-identified stemness features and constructed stemness-related subtype with prognosis, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy responses for non-small cell lung cancer patients. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:238. [PMID: 37674202 PMCID: PMC10483786 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to explore a novel subtype classification method based on the stemness characteristics of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Based on the Cancer Genome Atlas database to calculate the stemness index (mRNAsi) of NSCLC patients, an unsupervised consensus clustering method was used to classify patients into two subtypes and analyze the survival differences, somatic mutational load, copy number variation, and immune characteristics differences between them. Subsequently, four machine learning methods were used to construct and validate a stemness subtype classification model, and cell function experiments were performed to verify the effect of the signature gene ARTN on NSCLC. RESULTS Patients with Stemness Subtype I had better PFS and a higher somatic mutational burden and copy number alteration than patients with Stemness Subtype II. In addition, the two stemness subtypes have different patterns of tumor immune microenvironment. The immune score and stromal score and overall score of Stemness Subtype II were higher than those of Stemness Subtype I, suggesting a relatively small benefit to immune checkpoints. Four machine learning methods constructed and validated classification model for stemness subtypes and obtained multiple logistic regression equations for 22 characteristic genes. The results of cell function experiments showed that ARTN can promote the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC and is closely related to cancer stem cell properties. CONCLUSION This new classification method based on stemness characteristics can effectively distinguish patients' characteristics and thus provide possible directions for the selection and optimization of clinical treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuofan Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Sucre JM, Bock F, Negretti NM, Benjamin JT, Gulleman PM, Dong X, Ferguson KT, Jetter CS, Han W, Liu Y, Kook S, Gokey JJ, Guttentag SH, Kropski JA, Blackwell TS, Zent R, Plosa EJ. Alveolar repair following LPS-induced injury requires cell-ECM interactions. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167211. [PMID: 37279065 PMCID: PMC10443799 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During alveolar repair, alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cell progenitors rapidly proliferate and differentiate into flat AT1 epithelial cells. Failure of normal alveolar repair mechanisms can lead to loss of alveolar structure (emphysema) or development of fibrosis, depending on the type and severity of injury. To test if β1-containing integrins are required during repair following acute injury, we administered E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by intratracheal injection to mice with a postdevelopmental deletion of β1 integrin in AT2 cells. While control mice recovered from LPS injury without structural abnormalities, β1-deficient mice had more severe inflammation and developed emphysema. In addition, recovering alveoli were repopulated with an abundance of rounded epithelial cells coexpressing AT2 epithelial, AT1 epithelial, and mixed intermediate cell state markers, with few mature type 1 cells. AT2 cells deficient in β1 showed persistently increased proliferation after injury, which was blocked by inhibiting NF-κB activation in these cells. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that β1-deficient AT2 cells failed to differentiate into mature AT1 epithelial cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that functional alveolar repair after injury with terminal alveolar epithelial differentiation requires β1-containing integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M.S. Sucre
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Fabian Bock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
| | | | | | | | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
| | | | | | - Wei Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jason J. Gokey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension; and
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Xu X, Li Y, Zhang R, Chen X, Shen J, Yuan M, Chen Y, Chen M, Liu S, Wu J, Sun Q. Jianpi Yangzheng decoction suppresses gastric cancer progression via modulating the miR-448/CLDN18.2 mediated YAP/TAZ signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116450. [PMID: 37023839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Developing complementary and effective drugs with less toxicity is urgent for gastric cancer (GC) therapy. Jianpi Yangzheng Decoction (JPYZ) is a curative medical plants formula against GC in clinic while its molecular mechanism remains to be further elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of JPYZ against GC and its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of JPYZ on regulating the candidate targets were screened and examined by RNA-Seq, qRT-PCR, luciferase reporter assay, and immunoblotting. Rescue experiment was conducted to authenticate the regulation of JPYZ on the target gene. Molecular interaction, intracellular localization and function of target genes were elucidated via Co-IP and cytoplasmic-nuclear fractionation. The impact of JPYZ on the abundance of target gene in clinical specimens of GC patients was evaluated by IHC. RESULTS JPYZ treatment suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells. RNA seq revealed JPYZ significantly downregulated miR-448. A reporter plasmid containing CLDN18 3'-UTR WT exhibited significant decrease in luciferase activity when co-transfected with miR-448 mimic in GC cells. CLDN18.2 deficiency promoted the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells in vitro, as well as intensified the growth of GC xenograft in mice. JPYZ reduced the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells with CLDN18.2 abrogation. Mechanically, suppressed activities of transcriptional coactivator YAP/TAZ and its downstream targets were observed in GC cells with CLDN18.2 overexpression and those under JPYZ treatment, leading to cytoplasmic retention of phosphorylated YAP at site Ser-127. High abundance of CLDN18.2 was detected in more GC patients who received chemotherapy combined with JPYZ. CONCLUSION JPYZ has an inhibitory effect on GC growth and metastasis partly by elevating CLDN18.2 abundance in GC cells, indicating more patients may benefit from combination therapy of JPYZ and the upcoming CLDN18.2 target agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Xu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Yaqi Li
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Ruijuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Junyu Shen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Mengyun Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Menglin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China; No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Shenlin Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Qingmin Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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17
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Liang L, Xu W, Shen A, Fu X, Cen H, Wang S, Lin Z, Zhang L, Lin F, Zhang X, Zhou N, Chang J, Chen Z, Li C, Yu X. Inhibition of YAP1 activity ameliorates acute lung injury through promotion of M2 macrophage polarization. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e293. [PMID: 37287755 PMCID: PMC10242261 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance of M1/M2 macrophage polarization plays an important role in regulating inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). Yes-associated protein (YAP1) is a key protein in the Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathway and is involved in macrophage polarization. We aimed to determine the role of YAP1 in pulmonary inflammation following ALI and regulation of M1/M2 polarization. Pulmonary inflammation and injury with upregulation of YAP1 were observed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. The YAP1 inhibitor, verteporfin, attenuated pulmonary inflammation and improved lung function in ALI mice. Moreover, verteporfin promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization in the lung tissues of ALI mice and LPS-treated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Additionally, siRNA knockdown confirmed that silencing Yap1 decreased chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression and promoted M2 polarization, whereas silencing large tumor suppressor 1 (Lats1) increased CCL2 expression and induced M1 polarization in LPS-treated BMMs. To investigate the role of inflammatory macrophages in ALI mice, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of macrophages isolated from the lungs. Thus, verteporfin could activate the immune-inflammatory response, promote the potential of M2 macrophages, and alleviate LPS-induced ALI. Our results reveal a novel mechanism where YAP1-mediated M2 polarization alleviates ALI. Therefore, inhibition of YAP1 may be a target for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenyan Xu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ao Shen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaomei Fu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huiyu Cen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siran Wang
- Department of Preventive DentistryAffiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and ReconstructionGuangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhongxiao Lin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyAvenida WailongTaipaMacauChina
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Fangyu Lin
- Department of OphthalmologyB5500 Clinic B1365B Clifton Road NEEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyAvenida WailongTaipaMacauChina
| | - Na Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyAvenida WailongTaipaMacauChina
| | - Jishuo Chang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesInstitute for BiotechnologyCollege of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNew YorkUSA
| | - Chuwen Li
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologyThe State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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18
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Galenza A, Moreno-Roman P, Su YH, Acosta-Alvarez L, Debec A, Guichet A, Knapp JM, Kizilyaprak C, Humbel BM, Kolotuev I, O'Brien LE. Basal stem cell progeny establish their apical surface in a junctional niche during turnover of an adult barrier epithelium. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:658-671. [PMID: 36997641 PMCID: PMC10317055 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Barrier epithelial organs face the constant challenge of sealing the interior body from the external environment while simultaneously replacing the cells that contact this environment. New replacement cells-the progeny of basal stem cells-are born without barrier-forming structures such as a specialized apical membrane and occluding junctions. Here, we investigate how new progeny acquire barrier structures as they integrate into the intestinal epithelium of adult Drosophila. We find they gestate their future apical membrane in a sublumenal niche created by a transitional occluding junction that envelops the differentiating cell and enables it to form a deep, microvilli-lined apical pit. The transitional junction seals the pit from the intestinal lumen until differentiation-driven, basal-to-apical remodelling of the niche opens the pit and integrates the now-mature cell into the barrier. By coordinating junctional remodelling with terminal differentiation, stem cell progeny integrate into a functional, adult epithelium without jeopardizing barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Galenza
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paola Moreno-Roman
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Foldscope Instruments, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lehi Acosta-Alvarez
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alain Debec
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, iEES, Sorbonne University, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guichet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Kizilyaprak
- Université de Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Université de Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Provost's Office, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Tancha, Japan
| | - Irina Kolotuev
- Université de Lausanne, Bâtiment Biophore, Quartier Sorge, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucy Erin O'Brien
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology and Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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19
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Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Ogata R, Sasaki R, Ikemoto A, Kishi S, Kondoh M, Kuniyasu H. Claudin-4: A New Molecular Target for Epithelial Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5494. [PMID: 36982569 PMCID: PMC10051602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudin-4 (CLDN4) is a key component of tight junctions (TJs) in epithelial cells. CLDN4 is overexpressed in many epithelial malignancies and correlates with cancer progression. Changes in CLDN4 expression have been associated with epigenetic factors (such as hypomethylation of promoter DNA), inflammation associated with infection and cytokines, and growth factor signaling. CLDN4 helps to maintain the tumor microenvironment by forming TJs and acts as a barrier to the entry of anticancer drugs into tumors. Decreased expression of CLDN4 is a potential marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and decreased epithelial differentiation due to reduced CLDN4 activity is involved in EMT induction. Non-TJ CLDN4 also activates integrin beta 1 and YAP to promote proliferation, EMT, and stemness. These roles in cancer have led to investigations of molecular therapies targeting CLDN4 using anti-CLDN4 extracellular domain antibodies, gene knockdown, clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), and C-terminus domain of CPE (C-CPE), which have demonstrated the experimental efficacy of this approach. CLDN4 is strongly involved in promoting malignant phenotypes in many epithelial cancers and is regarded as a promising molecular therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Rika Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Ayaka Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Masuo Kondoh
- Drug Innovation Center, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 6-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan; (S.M.); (R.O.); (R.S.); (A.I.); (S.K.)
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20
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Chen J, Xu Z, Hu C, Zhang S, Zi M, Yuan L, Cheng X. Targeting CLDN18.2 in cancers of the gastrointestinal tract: New drugs and new indications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1132319. [PMID: 36969060 PMCID: PMC10036590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1132319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract greatly contribute to the global cancer burden and cancer-related death. Claudin-18.2(CLDN18.2), a transmembrane protein, is a major component of tight junctions and plays an important role in the maintenance of barrier function. Its characteristic widespread expression in tumour tissues and its exposed extracellular loops make it an ideal target for researchers to develop targeted strategies and immunotherapies for cancers of the GI tract. In the present review, we focus on the expression pattern of CLDN18.2 and its clinical significance in GI cancer. We also discuss the tumour-promoting and/or tumour-inhibiting functions of CLDN18.2, the mechanisms regulating its expression, and the current progress regarding the development of drugs targeting CLDN18.2 in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Zhang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Zi
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan, ; Xiangdong Cheng,
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institutes of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Yuan, ; Xiangdong Cheng,
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21
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Carius P, Jungmann A, Bechtel M, Grißmer A, Boese A, Gasparoni G, Salhab A, Seipelt R, Urbschat K, Richter C, Meier C, Bojkova D, Cinatl J, Walter J, Schneider‐Daum N, Lehr C. A Monoclonal Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line ("Arlo") with Pronounced Barrier Function for Studying Drug Permeability and Viral Infections. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207301. [PMID: 36748276 PMCID: PMC10015904 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the development of orally inhaled drug products preclinical animal models regularly fail to predict pharmacological as well as toxicological responses in humans. Models based on human cells and tissues are potential alternatives to animal experimentation allowing for the isolation of essential processes of human biology and making them accessible in vitro. Here, the generation of a novel monoclonal cell line "Arlo," derived from the polyclonal human alveolar epithelium lentivirus immortalized cell line hAELVi via single-cell printing, and its characterization as a model for the human alveolar epithelium as well as a building block for future complex in vitro models is described. "Arlo" is systematically compared in vitro to primary human alveolar epithelial cells (hAEpCs) as well as to the polyclonal hAELVi cell line. "Arlo" cells show enhanced barrier properties with high transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of ≈3000 Ω cm2 and a potential difference (PD) of ≈30 mV under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions, that can be modulated. The cells grow in a polarized monolayer and express genes relevant to barrier integrity as well as homeostasis as is observed in hAEpCs. Successful productive infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a proof-of-principle study offers an additional, attractive application of "Arlo" beyond biopharmaceutical experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Carius
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Annemarie Jungmann
- Department of Genetics and EpigeneticsSaarland UniversityCampus A2 466123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Marco Bechtel
- Institute of Medical VirologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtPaul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 4060596Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Alexander Grißmer
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular BiologySaarland UniversityKirrberger StraßeBuilding 6166421Homburg SaarGermany
| | - Annette Boese
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics and EpigeneticsSaarland UniversityCampus A2 466123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Abdulrahman Salhab
- Department of Genetics and EpigeneticsSaarland UniversityCampus A2 466123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Ralf Seipelt
- Section of Thoracic Surgery of the Saar Lung CenterSHG Clinics VölklingenRichardstraße 5‐966333VölklingenGermany
| | - Klaus Urbschat
- Section of Thoracic Surgery of the Saar Lung CenterSHG Clinics VölklingenRichardstraße 5‐966333VölklingenGermany
| | - Clémentine Richter
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Carola Meier
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular BiologySaarland UniversityKirrberger StraßeBuilding 6166421Homburg SaarGermany
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute of Medical VirologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtPaul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 4060596Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical VirologyUniversity Hospital FrankfurtPaul‐Ehrlich‐Str. 4060596Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics and EpigeneticsSaarland UniversityCampus A2 466123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Nicole Schneider‐Daum
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Claus‐Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) – Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Campus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
- Department of PharmacySaarland UniversityCampus E8.166123SaarbrückenGermany
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22
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Tight Junction Protein Signaling and Cancer Biology. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020243. [PMID: 36672179 PMCID: PMC9857217 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular protein complexes that preserve tissue homeostasis and integrity through the control of paracellular permeability and cell polarity. Recent findings have revealed the functional role of TJ proteins outside TJs and beyond their classical cellular functions as selective gatekeepers. This is illustrated by the dysregulation in TJ protein expression levels in response to external and intracellular stimuli, notably during tumorigenesis. A large body of knowledge has uncovered the well-established functional role of TJ proteins in cancer pathogenesis. Mechanistically, TJ proteins act as bidirectional signaling hubs that connect the extracellular compartment to the intracellular compartment. By modulating key signaling pathways, TJ proteins are crucial players in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, all of which being essential cancer hallmarks crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. TJ proteins also promote the acquisition of stem cell phenotypes in cancer cells. These findings highlight their contribution to carcinogenesis and therapeutic resistance. Moreover, recent preclinical and clinical studies have used TJ proteins as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers. This review summarizes the functional role of TJ proteins in cancer biology and their impact for novel strategies to prevent and treat cancer.
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23
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Yu W, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tian X, Miao Y, Meng F, Ma L, Zhang X, Xia J. YAP 5-methylcytosine modification increases its mRNA stability and promotes the transcription of exosome secretion-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:149-162. [PMID: 36123390 PMCID: PMC9842506 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
YAP is a transcriptional co-activator with critical roles in tumorigenesis. However, its upstream regulatory mechanism, especially how its mRNA stability is regulated, remains to be further studied. Here, we validated that YAP expression was higher in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, and found that YAP m5C modification occurred in its 328-331 3' UTR region under the promotion NSUN2 and ALYREF, and increased the stability of YAP mRNA. This m5C modification also inhibited miR-582-3p binding and m6A modification in the nearby region. In addition, YAP m5C modification enhanced the exosome secretion effect, which was caused by two YAP-dependent transcription factors, Mycn and SOX10, and then stimulating the transcription of seven downstream exosome-promoting genes. Furthermore, we found that YAP m5C modification and its exosome-secretion-promoting function contributed to the malignant phenotype and AZD9291 (a third-generation EGFR-TKI) resistance of LUAD cells. Collectively, YAP is promoted by its m5C modification, and blocking YAP m5C modification will be helpful for future LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China
| | - Yikun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Yayou Miao
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinjing Xia
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Tilston-Lunel AM, Varelas X. Polarity in respiratory development, homeostasis and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:285-315. [PMID: 37100521 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is composed of a multitude of cells that organize to form complex branched airways that end in alveoli, which respectively function to guide air flow and mediate gas exchange with the bloodstream. The organization of the respiratory sytem relies on distinct forms of cell polarity, which guide lung morphogenesis and patterning in development and provide homeostatic barrier protection from microbes and toxins. The stability of lung alveoli, the luminal secretion of surfactants and mucus in the airways, and the coordinated motion of multiciliated cells that generate proximal fluid flow, are all critical functions regulated by cell polarity, with defects in polarity contributing to respiratory disease etiology. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of cell polarity in lung development and homeostasis, highlighting key roles for polarity in alveolar and airway epithelial function and outlining relationships with microbial infections and diseases, such as cancer.
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25
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Wang DW, Zhang WH, Danil G, Yang K, Hu JK. The role and mechanism of claudins in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1051497. [PMID: 36620607 PMCID: PMC9818346 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1051497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are a tetraspan membrane protein multigene family that plays a structural and functional role in constructing tight junctions. Claudins perform crucial roles in maintaining cell polarity in epithelial and endothelial cell sheets and controlling paracellular permeability. In the last two decades, increasing evidence indicates that claudin proteins play a major role in controlling paracellular permeability and signaling inside cells. Several types of claudins are dysregulated in various cancers. Depending on where the tumor originated, claudin overexpression or underexpression has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell growth, metabolism, metastasis and cell stemness. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is one of the most important functions of claudin proteins in disease progression. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that explain why claudin proteins are so important to tumorigenesis and progression have not been determined. In addition, claudins are currently being investigated as possible diagnostic and treatment targets. Here, we discuss how claudin-related signaling pathways affect tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and treatment sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wen Wang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Han Zhang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Galiullin Danil
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia
| | - Kun Yang
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Kun Hu
- Gastric Cancer Center and Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Jian-Kun Hu,
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26
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Niche-Dependent Regulation of Lkb1 in the Proliferation of Lung Epithelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315065. [PMID: 36499390 PMCID: PMC9735896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung homeostasis and regeneration depend on lung epithelial progenitor cells. Lkb1 (Liver Kinase B1) has known roles in the differentiation of airway epithelial cells during embryonic development. However, the effects of Lkb1 in adult lung epithelial progenitor cell regeneration and its mechanisms of action have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which Lkb1 regulates lung epithelial progenitor cell regeneration. Organoid culture showed that loss of Lkb1 significantly reduced the proliferation of club cells and alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells in vitro. In the absence of Lkb1, there is a slower recovery rate of the damaged airway epithelium in naphthalene-induced airway epithelial injury and impaired expression of surfactant protein C during bleomycin-induced alveolar epithelial damage. Moreover, the expression of autophagy-related genes was reduced in club cells and increased in AT2 cells, but the expression of Claudin-18 was obviously reduced in AT2 cells after Lkb1 knockdown. On the whole, our findings indicated that Lkb1 may promote the proliferation of lung epithelial progenitor cells via a niche-dependent pathway and is required for the repair of the damaged lung epithelium.
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27
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Fu R, Jiang X, Li G, Zhu Y, Zhang H. Junctional complexes in epithelial cells: sentinels for extracellular insults and intracellular homeostasis. FEBS J 2022; 289:7314-7333. [PMID: 34453866 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The cell-cell and cell-ECM junctions within the epithelial tissues are crucial anchoring structures that provide architectural stability, mechanical resistance, and permeability control. Their indispensable role as signaling hubs orchestrating cell shape-related changes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis has also been well recognized. However, growing amount of evidence now suggests that the multitasking nature of epithelial junctions extends well beyond anchorage-dependent or cell shape change-related biological processes. In this review, we discuss the emerging roles of junctional complexes in regulating innate immune defense, stress resistance, and intracellular proteostasis of the epithelial cells, with emphasis on the upstream regulation of epithelial junctions on various aspects of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Xiaowan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Gang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, China
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28
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Ahmad US, Uttagomol J, Wan H. The Regulation of the Hippo Pathway by Intercellular Junction Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1792. [PMID: 36362947 PMCID: PMC9696951 DOI: 10.3390/life12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that serves to promote cell death and differentiation while inhibiting cellular proliferation across species. The downstream effectors of this pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are considered vital in promoting the output of the Hippo pathway, with activation of upstream kinases negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. The upstream regulation of the Hippo pathway is not entirely understood on a molecular level. However, several studies have shown that numerous cellular and non-cellular mechanisms such as cell polarity, contact inhibition, soluble factors, mechanical forces, and metabolism can convey external stimuli to the intracellular kinase cascade, promoting the activation of key components of the Hippo pathway and therefore regulating the subcellular localisation and protein activity of YAP/TAZ. This review will summarise what we have learnt about the role of intercellular junction-associated proteins in the activation of this pathway, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, and in particular our latest findings about the desmosomal components, including desmoglein-3 (DSG3), in the regulation of YAP signalling, phosphorylation, and subcellular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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Liu J, Yang H, Yin D, Jia Y, Li S, Liu Y. Expression and prognostic analysis of CLDN18 and Claudin18.2 in lung adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154068. [PMID: 36007395 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CLDN encodes a member of the claudin family. Claudin is a tight junction protein that is mainly involved in cell migration. Claudin family is of interest as a potential therapeutic target. Claudin18.2 is one of its important isoforms and is mainly expressed in the stomach. Its expression and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma remain unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between CLDN18 and claudin18.2 expression and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Two cohorts were introduced in this study: one from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CLDN18 mRNA public data (TCGA-LUAD, N = 551); the other from 1079 cases of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China, with immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of claudin18.2 in tissue microarrays. the IHC-positive cases were again verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). RESULTS The mRNA expression of CLDN18 was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than in normal lung tissues (P < 0.05). Among 1079 Chinese lung adenocarcinoma cases, the overall positive rate of IHC for Claudin18.2 was 7.78% (84/1079). Among those positive for IHC, the positive rate of FISH was 11.9% (10/84), which accounted for 0.9% of the total number of cases (10/1079). To explore the best scoring scheme for Claudin 18.2, we used a four-group (IHC4) and two-group (IHC2) scoring method for evaluation. We found that IHC4 better explained Claudin 18.2 expression and helped us to find specific differences in clinical factors for weak, moderate and strong Claudin 18.2 expression. This difference was not discernible in the IHC2 score. By survival analysis, we found that Claudin 18.2 (IHC4) was able to stratify the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients, with strongly positive patients having a better prognosis than the other subgroups (p < 0.05). We also found that patients with EGFR wild type or PD-L1 < 1% accompanied by strong positive claudin18.2 had a significantly better prognosis than other subgroups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Claudin18.2 (IHC4) better reveals the clinical and prognostic characteristics of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Patients with EGFR wild type and PD-L1 < 1% have a better prognosis and partially overlap with claudin18.2 expression, so claudin18.2 may also be an important biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma testing, which is particularly important for EGFR wild type and PD-L1 < 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Liu
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Huichai Yang
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Danjing Yin
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Shi Li
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 12, Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China.
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30
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Howard A, Bojko J, Flynn B, Bowen S, Jungwirth U, Walko G. Targeting the Hippo/YAP/TAZ signalling pathway: Novel opportunities for therapeutic interventions into skin cancers. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1477-1499. [PMID: 35913427 PMCID: PMC9804452 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancers are by far the most frequently diagnosed human cancers. The closely related transcriptional co-regulator proteins YAP and TAZ (WWTR1) have emerged as important drivers of tumour initiation, progression and metastasis in melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. YAP/TAZ serve as an essential signalling hub by integrating signals from multiple upstream pathways. In this review, we summarize the roles of YAP/TAZ in skin physiology and tumorigenesis and discuss recent efforts of therapeutic interventions that target YAP/TAZ in in both preclinical and clinical settings, as well as their prospects for use as skin cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodie Bojko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | | | - Sophie Bowen
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of BathBathUK,Centre for Therapeutic InnovationUniversity of BathBathUK
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31
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Ikonomou L, Magnusson M, Dries R, Herzog EL, Hynds RE, Borok Z, Park JA, Skolasinski S, Burgess JK, Turner L, Mojarad SM, Mahoney JE, Lynch T, Lehmann M, Thannickal VJ, Hook JL, Vaughan AE, Hoffman ET, Weiss DJ, Ryan AL. Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and disease 2021. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L341-L354. [PMID: 35762622 PMCID: PMC9484991 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00113.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 9th biennial conference titled "Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases" was hosted virtually, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in collaboration with the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Alpha-1 Foundation, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, and the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. The event was held from July 12th through 15th, 2021 with a pre-conference workshop held on July 9th. As in previous years, the objectives remained to review and discuss the status of active research areas involving stem cells (SCs), cellular therapeutics, and bioengineering as they relate to the human lung. Topics included 1) technological advancements in the in situ analysis of lung tissues, 2) new insights into stem cell signaling and plasticity in lung remodeling and regeneration, 3) the impact of extracellular matrix in stem cell regulation and airway engineering in lung regeneration, 4) differentiating and delivering stem cell therapeutics to the lung, 5) regeneration in response to viral infection, and 6) ethical development of cell-based treatments for lung diseases. This selection of topics represents some of the most dynamic and current research areas in lung biology. The virtual workshop included active discussion on state-of-the-art methods relating to the core features of the 2021 conference, including in situ proteomics, lung-on-chip, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-airway differentiation, and light sheet microscopy. The conference concluded with an open discussion to suggest funding priorities and recommendations for future research directions in basic and translational lung biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laertis Ikonomou
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruben Dries
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Yale Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leigh Turner
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, University of California, Irvine Program In Public Health, Irvine, California
| | - Sarah M Mojarad
- Engineering in Society Program, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jamie L Hook
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan T Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Xu C, Lin S, Lu Y, Mao L, Li S, Li Z. C12orf59 Promotes Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression via YAP-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:927249. [PMID: 35860553 PMCID: PMC9289202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.927249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
C12orf59 is a novel gene widely expressed in diverse normal human tissues. Aberrant expression of C12orf59, which is involved in tumor progression, has been reported in a few types of cancer. However, its expression and biological function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain largely unclear. Here, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of C12orf59 were prominently higher in both tumor tissues and most ESCC cell lines. Functionally, C12orf59 overexpression promoted ESCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas C12orf59 depletion worked oppositely. Mechanistically, C12orf59 exerted its oncogenic function through the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ESCC cells, which relied on Yes-associated protein (YAP) dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Constitutively active YAP further facilitated cell migration, invasion and EMT induced by enforced C12orf59 overexpression. On the contrary, increased cell motility and EMT caused by enforced C12orf59 overexpression were dramatically repressed upon YAP inactivation by verteporfin. Thus, we conclude that YAP activation driven by C12orf59 contributes to the malignancy of ESCC through EMT and that targeting drugs for C12orf59 combined with YAP inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic strategy for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanxin Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
- Basic Medical Science Department, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Longyi Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zesong Li,
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33
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Hippo signaling pathway and respiratory diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:213. [PMID: 35443749 PMCID: PMC9021242 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hippo signaling pathway is a highly conserved evolutionary signaling pathway that plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, organ size, tissue development, and regeneration. Increasing evidences consider that the hippo signaling pathway is involved in the process of respiratory diseases. Hippo signaling pathway is mainly composed of mammalian STE20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2), large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2), WW domain of the Sav family containing protein 1 (SAV1), MOB kinase activator 1 (MOB1), Yes-associated protein (YAP) or transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), and members of the TEA domain (TEAD) family. YAP is the cascade effector of the hippo signaling pathway. The activation of YAP promotes pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (PAVSMCs) proliferation, which leads to pulmonary vascular remodeling; thereby the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is aggravated. While the loss of YAP leads to high expression of inflammatory genes and the accumulation of inflammatory cells, the pneumonia is consequently exacerbated. In addition, overexpressed YAP promotes the proliferation of lung fibroblasts and collagen deposition; thereby the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is promoted. Moreover, YAP knockout reduces collagen deposition and the senescence of adult alveolar epithelial cells (AECs); hence the IPF is slowed. In addition, hippo signaling pathway may be involved in the repair of acute lung injury (ALI) by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of lung epithelial progenitor cells and intervening in the repair of pulmonary capillary endothelium. Moreover, the hippo signaling pathway is involved in asthma. In conclusion, the hippo signaling pathway is involved in respiratory diseases. More researches are needed to focus on the molecular mechanisms by which the hippo signaling pathway participates in respiratory diseases.
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34
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Zhong Q, Liu Y, Correa MR, Marconett CN, Minoo P, Li C, Ann DK, Zhou B, Borok Z. FOXO1 Couples KGF and PI-3K/AKT Signaling to NKX2.1-Regulated Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:1122. [PMID: 35406686 PMCID: PMC8997990 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NKX2.1 is a master regulator of lung morphogenesis and cell specification; however, interactions of NKX2.1 with various transcription factors to regulate cell-specific gene expression and cell fate in the distal lung remain incompletely understood. FOXO1 is a key regulator of stem/progenitor cell maintenance/differentiation in several tissues but its role in the regulation of lung alveolar epithelial progenitor homeostasis has not been evaluated. We identified a novel role for FOXO1 in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) differentiation that results in the removal of NKX2.1 from surfactant gene promoters and the subsequent loss of surfactant expression in alveolar epithelial type I-like (AT1-like) cells. We found that the FOXO1 forkhead domain potentiates a loss of surfactant gene expression through an interaction with the NKX2.1 homeodomain, disrupting NKX2.1 binding to the SFTPC promoter. In addition, blocking PI-3K/AKT signaling reduces phosphorylated FOXO-1 (p-FOXO1), allowing accumulated nuclear FOXO1 to interact with NKX2.1 in differentiating AEC. Inhibiting AEC differentiation in vitro with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) maintained an AT2 cell phenotype through increased PI3K/AKT-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation, resulting in higher levels of surfactant expression. Together these results indicate that FOXO1 plays a central role in AEC differentiation by directly binding NKX2.1 and suggests an essential role for FOXO1 in mediating AEC homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yixin Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Michele Ramos Correa
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Crystal Nicole Marconett
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Parviz Minoo
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Changgong Li
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - David K. Ann
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Q.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (M.R.C.); (C.N.M.); (P.M.); (C.L.)
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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Wang J, Liu C, He L, Xie Z, Bai L, Yu W, Wang Z, Lu Y, Gao D, Fu J, Zhang L, Zeng YA. Selective YAP activation in Procr cells is essential for ovarian stem/progenitor expansion and epithelium repair. eLife 2022; 11:75449. [PMID: 35285801 PMCID: PMC8920503 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) undergoes recurring ovulatory rupture and OSE stem cells rapidly generate new cells for the repair. How the stem cell activation is triggered by the rupture and promptly turns on proliferation is unclear. Our previous study has identified that Protein C Receptor (Procr) marks OSE progenitors. In this study, we observed decreased adherent junction and selective activation of YAP signaling in Procr progenitors at OSE rupture site. OSE repair is impeded upon deletion of Yap1 in these progenitors. Interestingly, Procr+ progenitors show lower expression of Vgll4, an antagonist of YAP signaling. Overexpression of Vgll4 in Procr+ cells hampers OSE repair and progenitor proliferation, indicating that selective low Vgll4 expression in Procr+ progenitors is critical for OSE repair. In addition, YAP activation promotes transcription of the OSE stemness gene Procr. The combination of increased cell division and Procr expression leads to expansion of Procr+ progenitors surrounding the rupture site. These results illustrate a YAP-dependent mechanism by which the stem/progenitor cells recognize the murine ovulatory rupture, and rapidly multiply their numbers, highlighting a YAP-induced stem cell expansion strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiang Wang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanyue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuoyun Wang
- Human Anatomy & Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Arial Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Tran E, Shi T, Li X, Chowdhury AY, Jiang D, Liu Y, Wang H, Yan C, Wallace WD, Lu R, Ryan AL, Marconett CN, Zhou B, Borok Z, Offringa IA. Development of human alveolar epithelial cell models to study distal lung biology and disease. iScience 2022; 25:103780. [PMID: 35169685 PMCID: PMC8829779 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many acute and chronic diseases affect the distal lung alveoli. Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) lines are needed to better model these diseases. We used de-identified human remnant transplant lungs to develop a method to establish AEC lines. The lines grow well in 2-dimensional (2D) culture as epithelial monolayers expressing lung progenitor markers. In 3-dimensional (3D) culture with fibroblasts, Matrigel, and specific media conditions, the cells form alveolar-like organoids expressing mature AEC markers including aquaporin 5 (AQP5), G-protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member A (GPRC5A), and surface marker HTII280. Single-cell RNA sequencing of an AEC line in 2D versus 3D culture revealed increased cellular heterogeneity and induction of cytokine and lipoprotein signaling in 3D organoids. Our approach yields lung progenitor lines that retain the ability to differentiate along the alveolar cell lineage despite long-term expansion and provides a valuable system to model and study the distal lung in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Tran
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Tuo Shi
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xiuwen Li
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Adnan Y. Chowdhury
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Du Jiang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yixin Liu
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Chunli Yan
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - William D. Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Amy L. Ryan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Crystal N. Marconett
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Beiyun Zhou
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zea Borok
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ite A. Offringa
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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YAP ISGylation increases its stability and promotes its positive regulation on PPP by stimulating 6PGL transcription. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:59. [PMID: 35149670 PMCID: PMC8837792 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation is crucial for tumor formation and development, and its stability is regulated by ubiquitination. ISGylation is a type of ubiquitination like post-translational modification, whereas whether YAP is ISGylated and how ISGylation influences YAP ubiquitination-related function remains uncovered. In addition, YAP can activate glucose metabolism by activating the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and glycolysis, and generate a large number of intermediates to promote tumor proliferation. However, whether YAP stimulates the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), another tumor-promoting glucose metabolism pathway, and the relationship between this stimulation and ISGylation needs further investigation. Here, we found that YAP was ISGylated and this ISGylation inhibited YAP ubiquitination, proteasome degradation, interaction with-beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (βTrCP) to promote YAP stability. However, ISGylation-induced pro-YAP effects were abolished by YAP K497R (K, lysine; R, arginine) mutation, suggesting K497 could be the major YAP ISGylation site. In addition, YAP ISGylation promoted cell viability, cell-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor formation. YAP ISGylation also increased downstream genes transcription, including one of the key enzymes of PPP, 6-phosphogluconolactonase (6PGL). Mechanistically, YAP promoted 6PGL transcription by simultaneously recruiting SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) and TEA domain transcription factor 4 (TEAD4) binding to the 6PGL promoter to activate PPP. In clinical lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) specimens, we found that YAP ISGylation degree was positively associated with 6PGL mRNA level, especially in high glucose LUAD tissues compared to low glucose LUAD tissues. Collectively, this study suggested that YAP ISGylation is critical for maintaining its stability and further activation of PPP. Targeting ISGylated YAP might be a new choice for hyperglycemia cancer treatment.
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Figueiredo CA, Steffen J, Morton L, Arumugam S, Liesenfeld O, Deli MA, Kröger A, Schüler T, Dunay IR. Immune response and pathogen invasion at the choroid plexus in the onset of cerebral toxoplasmosis. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:17. [PMID: 35027063 PMCID: PMC8759173 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a highly successful parasite being able to cross all biological barriers of the body, finally reaching the central nervous system (CNS). Previous studies have highlighted the critical involvement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during T. gondii invasion and development of subsequent neuroinflammation. Still, the potential contribution of the choroid plexus (CP), the main structure forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB) have not been addressed. METHODS To investigate T. gondii invasion at the onset of neuroinflammation, the CP and brain microvessels (BMV) were isolated and analyzed for parasite burden. Additionally, immuno-stained brain sections and three-dimensional whole mount preparations were evaluated for parasite localization and morphological alterations. Activation of choroidal and brain endothelial cells were characterized by flow cytometry. To evaluate the impact of early immune responses on CP and BMV, expression levels of inflammatory mediators, tight junctions (TJ) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were quantified. Additionally, FITC-dextran was applied to determine infection-related changes in BCSFB permeability. Finally, the response of primary CP epithelial cells to T. gondii parasites was tested in vitro. RESULTS Here we revealed that endothelial cells in the CP are initially infected by T. gondii, and become activated prior to BBB endothelial cells indicated by MHCII upregulation. Additionally, CP elicited early local immune response with upregulation of IFN-γ, TNF, IL-6, host-defence factors as well as swift expression of CXCL9 chemokine, when compared to the BMV. Consequently, we uncovered distinct TJ disturbances of claudins, associated with upregulation of MMP-8 and MMP-13 expression in infected CP in vivo, which was confirmed by in vitro infection of primary CP epithelial cells. Notably, we detected early barrier damage and functional loss by increased BCSFB permeability to FITC-dextran in vivo, which was extended over the infection course. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our data reveal a close interaction between T. gondii infection at the CP and the impairment of the BCSFB function indicating that infection-related neuroinflammation is initiated in the CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Andreeta Figueiredo
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Steffen
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lorena Morton
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sushmitha Arumugam
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Liesenfeld
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ildiko Rita Dunay
- Institute of Inflammation and Neurodegeneration, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, CBBS, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Kyuno D, Takasawa A, Takasawa K, Ono Y, Aoyama T, Magara K, Nakamori Y, Takemasa I, Osanai M. Claudin-18.2 as a therapeutic target in cancers: cumulative findings from basic research and clinical trials. Tissue Barriers 2022; 10:1967080. [PMID: 34486479 PMCID: PMC8794250 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1967080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are major components of tight junctions that maintain cell polarity and intercellular adhesion. The dynamics of claudins in cancer cells have attracted attention as a therapeutic target. During carcinogenesis, claudin expression is generally downregulated; however, overexpression of claudin-18.2 has been observed in several types of cancers. Upregulated and mislocalized claudin-18.2 expression in cancer cells has been suggested as a therapeutic target. Research on claudin-18.2 has revealed its involvement in carcinogenesis. Clinical trials using zolbetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting claudin-18.2, for patients with advanced cancer yielded positive results with few high-grade adverse events; thus, it is expected to be a novel and effective therapeutic. Here, we review current insights into the role that claudin-18.2 plays in basic cancer research and clinical applications. A better understanding of these roles will facilitate the development of new treatment strategies for cancer patients with poor prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyuno
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kumi Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aoyama
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Magara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuna Nakamori
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takemasa
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Oncology and Science, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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LI J, ZHENG X, JIA J, XIE B, ZHANG C, WANG H, LI H, MA J. CLDN18-ARHGAP26 function in gastric cancer and be a new therapeutic target by ABCG2 and ABCB1 pathway. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.54821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing LI
- Bengbu Medical College, China
| | | | | | - Bo XIE
- Bengbu Medical College, China
| | | | - Hu WANG
- Bengbu Medical College, China
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Qu H, Qi D, Wang X, Dong Y, Jin Q, Wei J, Quan C. CLDN6 Suppresses c-MYC-Mediated Aerobic Glycolysis to Inhibit Proliferation by TAZ in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010129. [PMID: 35008557 PMCID: PMC8745066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin 6 (CLDN6) was found to be a breast cancer suppressor gene, which is lowly expressed in breast cancer and inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation upon overexpression. However, the mechanism by which CLDN6 inhibits breast cancer proliferation is unclear. Here, we investigated this issue and elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which CLDN6 inhibits breast cancer proliferation. First, we verified that CLDN6 was lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues and that patients with lower CLDN6 expression had a worse prognosis. Next, we confirmed that CLDN6 inhibited breast cancer proliferation through in vitro and in vivo experiments. As for the mechanism, we found that CLDN6 inhibited c-MYC-mediated aerobic glycolysis based on a metabolomic analysis of CLDN6 affecting cellular lactate levels. CLDN6 interacted with a transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and reduced the level of TAZ, thereby suppressing c-MYC transcription, which led to a reduction in glucose uptake and lactate production. Considered together, our results suggested that CLDN6 suppressed c-MYC-mediated aerobic glycolysis to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer by TAZ, which indicated that CLDN6 acted as a novel regulator of aerobic glycolysis and provided a theoretical basis for CLDN6 as a biomarker of progression in breast cancer.
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Zhou B, Stueve TR, Mihalakakos EA, Miao L, Mullen D, Wang Y, Liu Y, Luo J, Tran E, Siegmund KD, Lynch SK, Ryan AL, Offringa IA, Borok Z, Marconett CN. Comprehensive epigenomic profiling of human alveolar epithelial differentiation identifies key epigenetic states and transcription factor co-regulatory networks for maintenance of distal lung identity. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:906. [PMID: 34922464 PMCID: PMC8684104 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) differentiation is implicated in distal lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung adenocarcinoma that impact morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elucidating underlying disease pathogenesis requires a mechanistic molecular understanding of AEC differentiation. Previous studies have focused on changes of individual transcription factors, and to date no study has comprehensively characterized the dynamic, global epigenomic alterations that facilitate this critical differentiation process in humans. RESULTS We comprehensively profiled the epigenomic states of human AECs during type 2 to type 1-like cell differentiation, including the methylome and chromatin functional domains, and integrated this with transcriptome-wide RNA expression data. Enhancer regions were drastically altered during AEC differentiation. Transcription factor binding analysis within enhancer regions revealed diverse interactive networks with enrichment for many transcription factors, including NKX2-1 and FOXA family members, as well as transcription factors with less well characterized roles in AEC differentiation, such as members of the MEF2, TEAD, and AP1 families. Additionally, associations among transcription factors changed during differentiation, implicating a complex network of heterotrimeric complex switching in driving differentiation. Integration of AEC enhancer states with the catalog of enhancer elements in the Roadmap Epigenomics Mapping Consortium and Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) revealed that AECs have similar epigenomic structures to other profiled epithelial cell types, including human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), with NKX2-1 serving as a distinguishing feature of distal lung differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Enhancer regions are hotspots of epigenomic alteration that regulate AEC differentiation. Furthermore, the differentiation process is regulated by dynamic networks of transcription factors acting in concert, rather than individually. These findings provide a roadmap for understanding the relationship between disruption of the epigenetic state during AEC differentiation and development of lung diseases that may be therapeutically amenable.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - T R Stueve
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - E A Mihalakakos
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - L Miao
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - D Mullen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - J Luo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - E Tran
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - K D Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - S K Lynch
- Department of Engineering, Test Manufacturing Group, MAXIM Integrated Products, Sunnyvale, CA, 95134, USA
| | - A L Ryan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - I A Offringa
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Z Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - C N Marconett
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Wu X, Zhu J, Liu W, Jin M, Xiong M, Hu K. A Novel Prognostic and Predictive Signature for Lung Adenocarcinoma Derived from Combined Hypoxia and Infiltrating Immune Cell-Related Genes in TCGA Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:10467-10481. [PMID: 35002303 PMCID: PMC8722539 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s342107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hypoxia and immune status of the lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) microenvironment appear to have combined impacts on prognosis. Therefore, deriving a prognostic signature by integrating hypoxia- and immune infiltrating cell-related genes (H&IICRGs) may add value over prognostic indices derived from genes driving either process alone. Methods Differentially expressed H&IICRGs (DE-H&IICRGs) were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas transcriptomic data using limma, CIBERSORT, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and intersection analysis. A stepwise Cox regression model was constructed to identify prognostic genes and to produce a gene signature based on DE-H&IICRGs. The potential biological functions associated with the gene signature were explored using functional enrichment analysis. The prognostic signature was externally validated in a separate cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Results Five prognostic genes associated with overall survival in LUAD were used in the DE-H&IICRG-based prognostic signature. Patients in the high-risk group had an inferior prognosis, which was validated in an independent external cohort, and had lower expression of most immune checkpoint genes. In multivariate analysis, only risk score and T stage were independent prognostic factors. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the risk score were enriched for pathways related to cell cycle, hypoxia regulation, and immune response. TIDE analyses showed that low-risk LUAD patients might also respond better to immunotherapy. Conclusion This study establishes and validates a prognostic profile for LUAD patients that combines hypoxia and immune infiltrating cell-related genes. This signature may have clinical application both for prognostication and guiding individualized immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Hu Tel +86 18971035988 Email
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Mikami R, Arisaka Y, Hakariya M, Iwata T, Yui N. Improved epithelial cell-cell adhesion using molecular mobility of supramolecular surfaces. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7151-7158. [PMID: 34605503 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01356d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cells can sense the surrounding microenvironmental properties including contact with biomaterials. Although in vitro cell fates in response to the physical properties of cell-adhesive materials have been widely reported, their influence on cell-cell adhesion is unclear. Here, we investigated the role of molecular mobility on polyrotaxane surfaces in epithelial cell-cell adhesion. Polyrotaxane surfaces with high mobility induced cytoplasmic yes-associated protein (YAP) localization in epithelial cells, whereas those with low mobility induced nuclear YAP localization, suggesting that YAP localization is switched by the mobility of the polyrotaxane surface. The cytoplasmic YAP localization increased the expression of tight junction-associated genes. A scratch assay revealed that although the epithelial cells on the low mobile surface rapidly initiated their migration, the cells on the highly mobile surface delayed their migration. Thus, this finding suggests that polyrotaxane surfaces with higher mobility induce cytoplasmic YAP localization, leading to stronger cell-cell adhesion. The polyrotaxane biointerface is promising as a powerful tool to improve the physical immune system and repair biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mikami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Arisaka
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Hakariya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Yui
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Gokey JJ, Patel SD, Kropski JA. The Role of Hippo/YAP Signaling in Alveolar Repair and Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:752316. [PMID: 34671628 PMCID: PMC8520933 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.752316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by loss of normal alveoli, accumulation of pathologic activated fibroblasts, and exuberant extracellular matrix deposition that over time can lead to progressive loss of respiratory function and death. This loss of respiratory function is associated with the loss of alveolar type 1 cells (AT1) that play a crucial role in gas exchange and the depletion of the alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) that act as progenitor cells to regenerate the AT1 and AT2 cell populations during repair. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate normal alveolar repair and those associated with pathologic repair is essential to identify potential therapeutic targets to treat or delay progression of fibrotic diseases. The Hippo/YAP developmental signaling pathway has been implicated as a regulator of normal alveolar development and repair. In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, aberrant activation of YAP/TAZ has been demonstrated in both the alveolar epithelium and activated fibroblasts associated with increased fibrotic remodeling, and there is emerging interest in this pathway as a target for antifibrotic therapies. In this review, we summarize current evidence as to the role of the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway in alveolar development, homeostasis, and repair, and highlight key questions that must be resolved to determine effective strategies to modulate YAP/TAZ signaling to prevent progressive pulmonary fibrosis and enhance adaptive alveolar repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Gokey
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Saawan D Patel
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kropski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Brookes O, Boland S, Lai Kuen R, Miremont D, Movassat J, Baeza-Squiban A. Co-culture of type I and type II pneumocytes as a model of alveolar epithelium. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248798. [PMID: 34570783 PMCID: PMC8475999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial tissues of the distal lung are continuously exposed to inhaled air, and are of research interest in studying respiratory exposure to both hazardous and therapeutic materials. Pharmaco-toxicological research depends on the development of sophisticated models of the alveolar epithelium, which better represent the different cell types present in the native lung and interactions between them. We developed an air-liquid interface (ALI) model of the alveolar epithelium which incorporates cell lines which bear features of type I (hAELVi) and type II (NCI-H441) epithelial cells. We compared morphology of single cells and the structure of cell layers of the two lines using light and electron microscopy. Working both in monotypic cultures and cocultures, we measured barrier function by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and demonstrated that barrier properties can be maintained for 30 days. We created a mathematical model of TEER development over time based on these data in order to make inferences about the interactions occurring in these culture systems. We assessed expression of a panel of relevant genes that play important roles in barrier function and differentiation. The coculture model was observed to form a stable barrier akin to that seen in hAELVi, while expressing surfactant protein C, and having a profile of expression of claudins and aquaporins appropriate for the distal lung. We described cavities which arise within stratified cell layers in NCI-H441 and cocultured cells, and present evidence that these cavities represent an aberrant apical surface. In summary, our results support the coculture of these two cell lines to produce a model which better represents the breadth of functions seen in native alveolar epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Brookes
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sonja Boland
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - René Lai Kuen
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Facility, US25 Inserm—3612 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dorian Miremont
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Armelle Baeza-Squiban
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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47
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Kim SY, Park SY, Jang HS, Park YD, Kee SH. Yes-Associated Protein Is Required for ZO-1-Mediated Tight-Junction Integrity and Cell Migration in E-Cadherin-Restored AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091264. [PMID: 34572450 PMCID: PMC8467433 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) regulates numerous cellular homeostasis processes and malignant transformation. We found that YAP influences ZO-1-mediated cell migration using E-cadherin-restored EC96 cells derived from gastric malignant AGS cells. Ectopic expression of E-cadherin enhanced straightforward migration of cells, in comparison to the meandering movement of parental AGS cells. In EC96 cells, YAP and ZO-1 expression increased but nuclear YAP levels and activity were reduced. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) mediated the increase in ZO-1 expression, possibly stabilizing cytoplasmic YAP post-translationally. Downregulation of YAP expression using siYAP RNA or stable knock-down inhibited straightforward cell migration by fragmenting ZO-1 containing tight junctions (TJs) but not adherens junctions, implying involvement of YAP in ZO-1-mediated cell migration. The association of YAP with ZO-1 was mediated by angiomotin (AMOT) because downregulation of AMOT dissociated YAP from ZO-1 and reduced cell migration. E-cadherin restoration in malignant cancer cells induced NF-κB signaling to enhance ZO-1 expression and subsequently stabilize YAP. At high expression levels, YAP associates with ZO-1 via AMOT at TJs, influencing ZO-1-mediated cell migration and maintaining TJ integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Hwan-Seok Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (Y.-D.P.)
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.-S.J.); (Y.-D.P.)
| | - Sun-Ho Kee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2286-1460
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48
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Li J. Context-Dependent Roles of Claudins in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676781. [PMID: 34354941 PMCID: PMC8329526 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier and fence functions of the claudin protein family are fundamental to tissue integrity and human health. Increasing evidence has linked claudins to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. The expression of claudins is frequently dysregulated in the context of neoplastic transformation. Studies have uncovered that claudins engage in nearly all aspects of tumor biology and steps of tumor development, suggesting their promise as targets for treatment or biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. However, claudins can be either tumor promoters or tumor suppressors depending on the context, which emphasizes the importance of taking various factors, including organ type, environmental context and genetic confounders, into account when studying the biological functions and targeting of claudins in cancer. This review discusses the complicated roles and intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of the context-specific effects of claudins in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, China
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49
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Kong FE, Li GM, Tang YQ, Xi SY, Loong JHC, Li MM, Li HL, Cheng W, Zhu WJ, Mo JQ, Gong YF, Tang H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Ma S, Guan XY, Ma NF, Xie MB, Liu M. Targeting tumor lineage plasticity in hepatocellular carcinoma using an anti-CLDN6 antibody-drug conjugate. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/579/eabb6282. [PMID: 33536280 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor lineage plasticity is emerging as a critical mechanism of therapeutic resistance and tumor relapse. Highly plastic tumor cells can undergo phenotypic switching to a drug-tolerant state to avoid drug toxicity. Here, we investigate the transmembrane tight junction protein Claudin6 (CLDN6) as a therapeutic target related to lineage plasticity for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CLDN6 was highly expressed in embryonic stem cells but markedly decreased in normal tissues. Reactivation of CLDN6 was frequently observed in HCC tumor tissues as well as in premalignant lesions. Functional assays indicated that CLDN6 is not only a tumor-associated antigen but also conferred strong oncogenic effects in HCC. Overexpression of CLDN6 induced phenotypic shift of HCC cells from hepatic lineage to biliary lineage, which was more refractory to sorafenib treatment. The enhanced tumor lineage plasticity and cellular identity change were potentially induced by the CLDN6/TJP2 (tight junction protein 2)/YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) interacting axis and further activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. A de novo anti-CLDN6 monoclonal antibody conjugated with cytotoxic agent (Mertansine) DM1 (CLDN6-DM1) was developed. Preclinical data on both HCC cell lines and primary tumors showed the potent antitumor efficiency of CLDN6-DM1 as a single agent or in combination with sorafenib in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-En Kong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Guang-Meng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yun-Qiang Tang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Shao-Yan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jane Ho Chun Loong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 852, Hong Kong
| | - Mei-Mei Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hao-Long Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jia-Qiang Mo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Gong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong 852, Hong Kong
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, University of Hong Kong 852, Hong Kong
| | - Ning-Fang Ma
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mao-Bin Xie
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China. .,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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50
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Abstract
Claudins are adhesion molecules located at the tight junctions between epithelial cells. A series of studies have now reported aberrant expression of claudin proteins in the context of neoplastic transformation, suggesting its role in tumorigenesis. However, the precise mechanisms are still not well understood. Studies on expression alterations of claudins have revealed a range of outcomes that reflect the complexity of claudins in terms of spatial localization, tumor type and stage of disease. The diverse and dynamic expression patterns of claudins in cancer are tightly controlled by a wide range of regulatory mechanisms, which are commonly modulated by oncogenic signaling pathways. The present review summarizes the recent knowledge describing the dysregulation of claudin expression in cancer and discusses the intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of the context-specific expression patterns of claudins.
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