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Livingston NR, Kiemes A, Devenyi GA, Knight S, Lukow PB, Jelen LA, Reilly T, Dima A, Nettis MA, Casetta C, Agyekum T, Zelaya F, Spencer T, De Micheli A, Fusar-Poli P, Grace AA, Williams SCR, McGuire P, Egerton A, Chakravarty MM, Modinos G. Effects of diazepam on hippocampal blood flow in people at clinical high risk for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1448-1458. [PMID: 38658738 PMCID: PMC11250854 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Elevated hippocampal perfusion has been observed in people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). Preclinical evidence suggests that hippocampal hyperactivity is central to the pathophysiology of psychosis, and that peripubertal treatment with diazepam can prevent the development of psychosis-relevant phenotypes. The present experimental medicine study examined whether diazepam can normalize hippocampal perfusion in CHR-P individuals. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 24 CHR-P individuals were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on two occasions, once following a single oral dose of diazepam (5 mg) and once following placebo. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling and sampled in native space using participant-specific hippocampus and subfield masks (CA1, subiculum, CA4/dentate gyrus). Twenty-two healthy controls (HC) were scanned using the same MRI acquisition sequence, but without administration of diazepam or placebo. Mixed-design ANCOVAs and linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects of group (CHR-P placebo/diazepam vs. HC) and condition (CHR-P diazepam vs. placebo) on rCBF in the hippocampus as a whole and by subfield. Under the placebo condition, CHR-P individuals (mean [±SD] age: 24.1 [±4.8] years, 15 F) showed significantly elevated rCBF compared to HC (mean [±SD] age: 26.5 [±5.1] years, 11 F) in the hippocampus (F(1,41) = 24.7, pFDR < 0.001) and across its subfields (all pFDR < 0.001). Following diazepam, rCBF in the hippocampus (and subfields, all pFDR < 0.001) was significantly reduced (t(69) = -5.1, pFDR < 0.001) and normalized to HC levels (F(1,41) = 0.4, pFDR = 0.204). In conclusion, diazepam normalized hippocampal hyperperfusion in CHR-P individuals, consistent with evidence implicating medial temporal GABAergic dysfunction in increased vulnerability for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Livingston
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Amanda Kiemes
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel A Devenyi
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Knight
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paulina B Lukow
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke A Jelen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aikaterini Dima
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Antonietta Nettis
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cecilia Casetta
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tyler Agyekum
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Spencer
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea De Micheli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steve C R Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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Chen T, Meng H, Fang N, Shi P, Chen M, Liu Q, Lv L, Li W. Age-related changes in behavior profile in male offspring of rats treated with poly I:C-induced maternal immune activation in early gestation. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38741390 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism and schizophrenia are environmental risk factors associated with prenatal viral infection during pregnancy. It is still unclear whether behavior phenotypes change at different developmental stages in offspring following the activation of the maternal immune system. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received a single caudal vein injection of 10 mg/kg polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) on gestational day 9 and the offspring were comprehensively tested for behaviors in adolescence and adulthood. RESULTS Maternal serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were elevated in poly I:C-treated dams. The offspring of maternal poly I:C-induced rats showed increased anxiety, impaired social approach, and progressive impaired cognitive and sensorimotor gating function. CONCLUSION Maternal immune activation led to developmental specificity behavioral impairment in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Chen
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huadan Meng
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ni Fang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peiling Shi
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengxue Chen
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Mental Disorder, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Yang X, Liu Y, Fu CX, Chu YH, Chen Q, Wang H, Wei DX, Yao YF. Selectively Probing the Magnetic Resonance Signals of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Human Brains In Vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:954-963. [PMID: 37312270 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human brains, playing a role in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Current methods have some non-neglectable shortcomings and noninvasive and accurate detection of GABA in human brains is long-term challenge. PURPOSE To develop a pulse sequence capable of selectively detecting and quantifying the 1 H signal of GABA in human brains based on optimal controlled spin singlet order. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS/PHANTOM A phantom of GABA (pH = 7.3 ± 0.1) and 11 healthy subjects (5 females and 6 males, body mass index: 21 ± 3 kg/m2 , age: 25 ± 4 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7 Tesla, 3 Tesla, GABA-targeted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (GABA-MRS-7 T, GABA-MRS-3 T), magnetization prepared two rapid acquisition gradient echoes sequence. ASSESSMENT By using the developed pulse sequences applied on the phantom and healthy subjects, the signals of GABA were successfully selectively probed. Quantification of the signals yields the concentration of GABA in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in human brains. STATISTICAL TESTS Frequency. RESULTS The 1 H signals of GABA in the phantom and in the human brains of healthy subjects were successfully detected. The concentration of GABA in the dACC of human brains was 3.3 ± 1.5 mM. DATA CONCLUSION The developed pulse sequences can be used to selectively probe the 1 H MR signals of GABA in human brains in vivo. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Cai-Xia Fu
- Application Developments, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ying-Hua Chu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Da-Xiu Wei
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ye-Feng Yao
- Physics Department and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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Kato T, Kotorii N, Ozone M, Murotani K, Ohshima H, Mori H, Wasano K, Hiejima H, Habukawa M, Uchimura N. Trends in the multiple prescriptions of hypnotic drugs in a university outpatient in Japan. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:80-89. [PMID: 37946602 PMCID: PMC10932787 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In Japan, the daily dosage of hypnotic drugs for insomnia treatment is increasing year by year, and over-dependence on treatment with hypnotic drugs is a major problem. This study aimed to examine the factors related to the elimination of prescriptions of three or more hypnotic drugs within 1 year in our clinic. METHODS We conducted two surveys. Survey ① assessed the frequency of prescriptions of three or more hypnotic drugs by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of all patients who visited general and psychiatric outpatient clinics from January 2013 to March 2019. Survey ② assessed changes in prescriptions of hypnotic and psychotropic drugs within the subsequent year by retrospectively reviewing the medical records of all patients prescribed three or more hypnotic drugs who visited neuropsychiatric outpatient clinics multiple times between April 2013 and March 2019. RESULTS The frequency of prescribing three or more hypnotic drugs was six to nine times higher in psychiatry than in other departments. Flunitrazepam and brotizolam were the most common drugs prescribed and had the second lowest discontinuation rate after zolpidem. Conversely, eszopiclone, zopiclone, and suvorexant had the highest discontinuation rates. The success factors for drug reduction were age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97, p < 0.0037), trazodone addition (OR: 12.86, p < 0.0194) and number of years of psychiatric experience. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics and success factors in relation to drug reduction in patients with multiple prescriptions of hypnotic drugs identified in this study may contribute to solving the problem of multiple prescriptions of hypnotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Kato
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryKato HospitalKisarazuJapan
| | - Nozomu Kotorii
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryKotorii Isahaya HospitalNagasakiJapan
| | - Motohiro Ozone
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Hayato Ohshima
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenjirou Wasano
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Hiejima
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Mitsunari Habukawa
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Naohisa Uchimura
- Department of NeuropsychiatryKurume University School of MedicineFukuokaJapan
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Howes OD, Bukala BR, Beck K. Schizophrenia: from neurochemistry to circuits, symptoms and treatments. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:22-35. [PMID: 38110704 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a leading cause of global disability. Current pharmacotherapy for the disease predominantly uses one mechanism - dopamine D2 receptor blockade - but often shows limited efficacy and poor tolerability. These limitations highlight the need to better understand the aetiology of the disease to aid the development of alternative therapeutic approaches. Here, we review the latest meta-analyses and other findings on the neurobiology of prodromal, first-episode and chronic schizophrenia, and the link to psychotic symptoms, focusing on imaging evidence from people with the disorder. This evidence demonstrates regionally specific neurotransmitter alterations, including higher glutamate and dopamine measures in the basal ganglia, and lower glutamate, dopamine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in cortical regions, particularly the frontal cortex, relative to healthy individuals. We consider how dysfunction in cortico-thalamo-striatal-midbrain circuits might alter brain information processing to underlie psychotic symptoms. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for developing new, mechanistically based treatments and precision medicine for psychotic symptoms, as well as negative and cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Bernard R Bukala
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Beck
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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Heinzel A, Mauler J, Herzog H, Boers F, Mottaghy FM, Langen KJ, Scheins J, Lerche C, Neumaier B, Northoff G, Shah NJ. GABA A receptor availability relates to emotion-induced BOLD responses in the medial prefrontal cortex: simultaneous fMRI/PET with [ 11C]flumazenil. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1027697. [PMID: 37766785 PMCID: PMC10520870 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1027697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The fMRI BOLD response to emotional stimuli highlighting the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been thoroughly investigated. Recently, the relationship between emotion processing and GABA levels has been studied using MPFC proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). However, the role of GABAA receptors in the MPFC during emotion processing remains unexplored. Methods Using [11C]flumazenil PET, we investigated the relationship between the binding potential of GABAA receptors and emotion processing as measured using simultaneous fMRI BOLD. We hypothesized a correlation between the percent signal change in the BOLD signal and the binding potential of GABAA receptors in the MPFC. In a combined simultaneous fMRI and [11C]flumazenil-PET study, we analyzed the data from 15 healthy subjects using visual emotional stimuli. Our task comprised two types of emotional processing: passive viewing and appraisal. Following the administration of a bolus plus infusion protocol, PET and fMRI data were simultaneously acquired in a hybrid 3 T MR-BrainPET. Results We found a differential correlation of BOLD percent signal change with [11C]flumazenil binding potential in the MPFC. Specifically, [11C]flumazenil binding potential in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) correlated with passive viewing of emotionally valenced pictures. In contrast, the [11C]flumazenil binding potential and the BOLD signal induced by picture appraisal did show a correlation in the paracingulate gyrus. Conclusion Our data deliver first evidence for a relationship between MPFC GABAA receptors and emotion processing in the same region. Moreover, we observed that GABAA receptors appear to play different roles in emotion processing in the vMPFC (passive viewing) and paracingulate gyrus (appraisal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Heinzel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear medicine, University Hospital Halle, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Mauler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans Herzog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Boers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheins
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christoph Lerche
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 5, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Northoff
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre and University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine – 11, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA – BRAIN – Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Farrell M, Dietterich TE, Harner MK, Bruno LM, Filmyer DM, Shaughnessy RA, Lichtenstein ML, Britt AM, Biondi TF, Crowley JJ, Lázaro-Muñoz G, Forsingdal AE, Nielsen J, Didriksen M, Berg JS, Wen J, Szatkiewicz J, Mary Xavier R, Sullivan PF, Josiassen RC. Increased Prevalence of Rare Copy Number Variants in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:881-892. [PMID: 36454006 PMCID: PMC10318882 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown why ~30% of patients with psychotic disorders fail to respond to treatment. Previous genomic investigations of treatment-resistant psychosis have been inconclusive, but some evidence suggests a possible link between rare disease-associated copy number variants (CNVs) and worse clinical outcomes in schizophrenia. Here, we identified schizophrenia-associated CNVs in patients with treatment-resistant psychotic symptoms and then compared the prevalence of these CNVs to previously published schizophrenia cases not selected for treatment resistance. METHODS CNVs were identified using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and whole exome sequencing (WES) in 509 patients with treatment-resistant psychosis (a lack of clinical response to ≥3 adequate antipsychotic medication trials over at least 5 years of psychiatric hospitalization). Prevalence of schizophrenia-associated CNVs in this sample was compared to that in a previously published large schizophrenia cohort study. RESULTS Integrating CMA and WES data, we identified 47 cases (9.2%) with at least one CNV of known or possible neuropsychiatric risk. 4.7% (n = 24) carried a known neurodevelopmental risk CNV. The prevalence of well-replicated schizophrenia-associated CNVs was 4.1%, with duplications of the 16p11.2 and 15q11.2-q13.1 regions, and deletions of the 22q11.2 chromosomal region as the most frequent CNVs. Pairwise loci-based analysis identified duplications of 15q11.2-q13.1 to be independently associated with treatment resistance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CNVs may uniquely impact clinical phenotypes beyond increasing risk for schizophrenia and may potentially serve as biological entry points for studying treatment resistance. Further investigation will be necessary to elucidate the spectrum of phenotypic characteristics observed in adult psychiatric patients with disease-associated CNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martilias Farrell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Lisa M Bruno
- Translational Neuroscience, LLC, Conshohocken, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allison M Britt
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tamara F Biondi
- Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz
- Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacob Nielsen
- Division of Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | | | - Jonathan S Berg
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jin Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rose Mary Xavier
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Kiemes A, Serrano Navacerrada ME, Kim E, Randall K, Simmons C, Rojo Gonzalez L, Petrinovic MM, Lythgoe DJ, Rotaru D, Di Censo D, Hirschler L, Barbier EL, Vernon AC, Stone JM, Davies C, Cash D, Modinos G. Erbb4 Deletion From Inhibitory Interneurons Causes Psychosis-Relevant Neuroimaging Phenotypes. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:569-580. [PMID: 36573631 PMCID: PMC10154722 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Converging lines of evidence suggest that dysfunction of cortical GABAergic inhibitory interneurons is a core feature of psychosis. This dysfunction is thought to underlie neuroimaging abnormalities commonly found in patients with psychosis, particularly in the hippocampus. These include increases in resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and glutamatergic metabolite levels, and decreases in ligand binding to GABAA α5 receptors and to the synaptic density marker synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A). However, direct links between inhibitory interneuron dysfunction and these neuroimaging readouts are yet to be established. Conditional deletion of a schizophrenia susceptibility gene, the tyrosine kinase receptor Erbb4, from cortical and hippocampal inhibitory interneurons leads to synaptic defects, and behavioral and cognitive phenotypes relevant to psychosis in mice. STUDY DESIGN Here, we investigated how this inhibitory interneuron disruption affects hippocampal in vivo neuroimaging readouts. Adult Erbb4 conditional mutant mice (Lhx6-Cre;Erbb4F/F, n = 12) and their wild-type littermates (Erbb4F/F, n = 12) were scanned in a 9.4T magnetic resonance scanner to quantify CBF and glutamatergic metabolite levels (glutamine, glutamate, GABA). Subsequently, we assessed GABAA receptors and SV2A density using quantitative autoradiography. RESULTS Erbb4 mutant mice showed significantly elevated ventral hippccampus CBF and glutamine levels, and decreased SV2A density across hippocampus sub-regions compared to wild-type littermates. No significant GABAA receptor density differences were identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that specific disruption of cortical inhibitory interneurons in mice recapitulate some of the key neuroimaging findings in patients with psychosis, and link inhibitory interneuron deficits to non-invasive measures of brain function and neurochemistry that can be used across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kiemes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Elisa Serrano Navacerrada
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Karen Randall
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Loreto Rojo Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marija-Magdalena Petrinovic
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Rotaru
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Di Censo
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lydiane Hirschler
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James M Stone
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Cathy Davies
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, School of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
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9
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Santarriaga S, Gerlovin K, Layadi Y, Karmacharya R. Human stem cell-based models to study synaptic dysfunction and cognition in schizophrenia: A narrative review. Schizophr Res 2023:S0920-9964(23)00084-1. [PMID: 36925354 PMCID: PMC10500041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the strongest predictor of functional outcomes in schizophrenia and is hypothesized to result from synaptic dysfunction. However, targeting synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits in patients remains a significant clinical challenge. A comprehensive understanding of synaptic plasticity and the molecular basis of learning and memory in a disease context can provide specific targets for the development of novel therapeutics targeting cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Here, we describe the role of synaptic plasticity in cognition, summarize evidence for synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia and demonstrate the use of patient derived induced-pluripotent stem cells for studying synaptic plasticity in vitro. Lastly, we discuss current advances and future technologies for bridging basic science research of synaptic dysfunction with clinical and translational research that can be used to predict treatment response and develop novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Santarriaga
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaia Gerlovin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yasmine Layadi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chimie ParisTech, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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10
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van Hooijdonk CFM, van der Pluijm M, Bosch I, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Booij J, de Haan L, Selten JP, Giessen EVD. The substantia nigra in the pathology of schizophrenia: A review on post-mortem and molecular imaging findings. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 68:57-77. [PMID: 36640734 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of striatal dopamine is considered to be an important driver of pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia. Despite being one of the main origins of dopaminergic input to the striatum, the (dys)functioning of the substantia nigra (SN) has been relatively understudied in schizophrenia. Hence, this paper aims to review different molecular aspects of nigral functioning in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls by integrating post-mortem and molecular imaging studies. We found evidence for hyperdopaminergic functioning in the SN of patients with schizophrenia (i.e. increased AADC activity in antipsychotic-free/-naïve patients and elevated neuromelanin accumulation). Reduced GABAergic inhibition (i.e. decreased density of GABAergic synapses, lower VGAT mRNA levels and lower mRNA levels for GABAA receptor subunits), excessive glutamatergic excitation (i.e. increased NR1 and Glur5 mRNA levels and a reduced number of astrocytes), and several other disturbances implicating the SN (i.e. immune functioning and copper concentrations) could potentially underlie this nigral hyperactivity and associated striatal hyperdopaminergic functioning in schizophrenia. These results highlight the importance of the SN in schizophrenia pathology and suggest that some aspects of molecular functioning in the SN could potentially be used as treatment targets or biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen F M van Hooijdonk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marieke van der Pluijm
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Bosch
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Therese A M J van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Selten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Goodspeed K, Mosca LR, Weitzel NC, Horning K, Simon EW, Pfalzer AC, Xia M, Langer K, Freed A, Bone M, Picone M, Bichell TJV. A draft conceptual model of SLC6A1 neurodevelopmental disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1026065. [PMID: 36741059 PMCID: PMC9893116 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1026065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction SLC6A1 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (SLC6A1-NDD), first described in 2015, is a rare syndrome caused by a mutation in the SLC6A1 gene which encodes for the GABA Transporter 1 (GAT-1) protein. Epilepsy is one of the most common symptoms in patients and is often the primary treatment target, though the severity of epilepsy is variable. The impact of seizures and other symptoms of SLC6A1-NDD on patients and caregivers is wide-ranging and has not been described in a formal disease concept study. Methods A literature search was performed using the simple search term, "SLC6A1." Papers published before 2015, and those which did not describe the human neurodevelopmental disorder were removed from analysis. Open-ended interviews on lived experiences were conducted with two patient advocate key opinion leaders. An analysis of de-identified conversations between families of people with SLC6A1-NDD on social media was performed to quantify topics of concern. Results Published literature described symptoms in all of the following domains: neurological, visual, motor, cognitive, communication, behavior, gastrointestinal, sleep, musculo-skeletal, and emotional in addition to epilepsy. Key opinion leaders noted two unpublished features: altered hand use in infants, and developmental regression with onset of epilepsy. Analysis of social media interactions confirmed that the core symptoms of epilepsy and autistic traits were prominent concerns, but also demonstrated that other symptoms have a large impact on family life. Discussion For rare diseases, analysis of published literature is important, but may not be as comprehensive as that which can be gleaned from spontaneous interactions between families and through qualitative interviews. This report reflects our current understanding of the lived experience of SLC6A1-NDD. The discrepancy between the domains of disease reported in the literature and those discussed in patient conversations suggests that a formal qualitative interview-based disease concept study of SLC6A1-NDD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Goodspeed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Kimberly Goodspeed,
| | - Lindsay R. Mosca
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nicole C. Weitzel
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Elijah W. Simon
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Maya Xia
- COMBINEDBrain, Brentwood, TN, United States
| | - Katherine Langer
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | | | - Megan Bone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Maria Picone
- TREND Community, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Otero AM, Antonson AM. At the crux of maternal immune activation: Viruses, microglia, microbes, and IL-17A. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:205-223. [PMID: 35979731 PMCID: PMC9804202 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation during prenatal development can be detrimental to neurodevelopmental processes, increasing the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Prenatal exposure to maternal viral infection during pregnancy is a leading environmental risk factor for manifestation of these disorders. Preclinical animal models of maternal immune activation (MIA), established to investigate this link, have revealed common immune and microbial signaling pathways that link mother and fetus and set the tone for prenatal neurodevelopment. In particular, maternal intestinal T helper 17 cells, educated by endogenous microbes, appear to be key drivers of effector IL-17A signals capable of reaching the fetal brain and causing neuropathologies. Fetal microglial cells are particularly sensitive to maternally derived inflammatory and microbial signals, and they shift their functional phenotype in response to MIA. Resulting cortical malformations and miswired interneuron circuits cause aberrant offspring behaviors that recapitulate core symptoms of human neurodevelopmental disorders. Still, the popular use of "sterile" immunostimulants to initiate MIA has limited translation to the clinic, as these stimulants fail to capture biologically relevant innate and adaptive inflammatory sequelae induced by live pathogen infection. Thus, there is a need for more translatable MIA models, with a focus on relevant pathogens like seasonal influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Otero
- Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Adrienne M. Antonson
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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13
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Angelescu I, Kaar SJ, Marques TR, Borgan F, Veronesse M, Sharman A, Sajjala A, Deakin B, Hutchison J, Large C, Howes OD. The effect of AUT00206, a Kv3 potassium channel modulator, on dopamine synthesis capacity and the reliability of [ 18F]-FDOPA imaging in schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1061-1069. [PMID: 36164687 PMCID: PMC9554157 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221122031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for schizophrenia act directly on dopamine (DA) receptors but are ineffective for many patients, highlighting the need to develop new treatment approaches. Striatal DA dysfunction, indexed using [18F]-FDOPA imaging, is linked to the pathoetiology of schizophrenia. We evaluated the effect of a novel drug, AUT00206, a Kv3.1/3.2 potassium channel modulator, on dopaminergic function in schizophrenia and its relationship with symptom change. Additionally, we investigated the test-retest reliability of [18F]-FDOPA PET in schizophrenia to determine its potential as a biomarker for drug discovery. METHODS Twenty patients with schizophrenia received symptom measures and [18F]-FDOPA PET scans, before and after being randomised to AUT00206 or placebo groups for up to 28 days treatment. RESULTS AUT00206 had no significant effect on DA synthesis capacity. However, there was a correlation between reduction in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (indexed as Kicer) and reduction in symptoms, in the AUT00206 group (r = 0.58, p = 0.03). This was not observed in the placebo group (r = -0.15, p = 0.75), although the placebo group may have been underpowered to detect an effect. The intraclass correlation coefficients of [18F]-FDOPA indices in the placebo group ranged from 0.83 to 0.93 across striatal regions. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between reduction in DA synthesis capacity and improvement in symptoms in the AUT00206 group provides evidence for a pharmacodynamic effect of the Kv3 channel modulator. The lack of a significant overall reduction in DA synthesis capacity in the AUT00206 group could be due to variability and the low number of subjects in this study. These findings support further investigation of Kv3 channel modulators for schizophrenia treatment. [18F]-FDOPA PET imaging showed very good test-retest reliability in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Angelescu
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Kaar
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Faith Borgan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronesse
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alice Sharman
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anil Sajjala
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Hutchison
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Charles Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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14
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Lukow PB, Martins D, Veronese M, Vernon AC, McGuire P, Turkheimer FE, Modinos G. Cellular and molecular signatures of in vivo imaging measures of GABAergic neurotransmission in the human brain. Commun Biol 2022; 5:372. [PMID: 35440709 PMCID: PMC9018713 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse GABAergic interneuron networks orchestrate information processing in the brain. Understanding the principles underlying the organisation of this system in the human brain, and whether these principles are reflected by available non-invasive in vivo neuroimaging methods, is crucial for the study of GABAergic neurotransmission. Here, we use human gene expression data and state-of-the-art imaging transcriptomics to uncover co-expression patterns between genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits and inhibitory interneuron subtype-specific markers, and their association with binding patterns of the gold-standard GABA PET radiotracers [11C]Ro15-4513 and [11C]flumazenil. We found that the inhibitory interneuron marker somatostatin covaries with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA5 and GABRA2, and that their distribution followed [11C]Ro15-4513 binding. In contrast, the inhibitory interneuron marker parvalbumin covaried with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA1, GABRB2 and GABRG2, and their distribution tracked [11C]flumazenil binding. Our findings indicate that existing PET radiotracers may provide complementary information about key components of the GABAergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Barbara Lukow
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Via Giovanni Gradenigo, 6, 35131, Padova, PD, Italy
| | - Anthony Christopher Vernon
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, Brixton, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Federico Edoardo Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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15
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James D, Lam VT, Jo B, Fung LK. Region-specific associations between gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor binding and cortical thickness in high-functioning autistic adults. Autism Res 2022; 15:1068-1082. [PMID: 35261207 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiology of autism has been shown to involve alterations in cortical morphology and gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA ) receptor density. We hypothesized that GABAA receptor binding potential (GABAA R BPND ) would correlate with cortical thickness, but their correlations would differ between autistic adults and typically developing (TD) controls. We studied 50 adults (23 autism, 27 TD, mean age of 27 years) using magnetic resonance imaging to measure cortical thickness, and [18 F]flumazenil positron emission tomography imaging to measure GABAA R BPND . We determined the correlations between cortical thickness and GABAA R BPND by cortical lobe, region-of-interest, and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We also explored potential sex differences in the relationship between cortical thickness and autism characteristics, as measured by autism spectrum quotient (AQ) scores. Comparing autism and TD groups, no significant differences were found in cortical thickness or GABAA R BPND . In both autism and TD groups, a negative relationship between cortical thickness and GABAA R BPND was observed in the frontal and occipital cortices, but no relationship was found in the temporal or limbic cortices. A positive correlation was seen in the parietal cortex that was only significant for the autism group. Interestingly, in an exploratory analysis, we found sex differences in the relationships between cortical thickness and GABAA R BPND , and cortical thickness and AQ scores in the left postcentral gyrus. LAY SUMMARY: The thickness of the brain cortex and the density of the receptors associated with inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA have been hypothesized to underlie the neurobiology of autism. In this study, we found that these biomarkers correlate positively in the parietal cortex, but negatively in the frontal and occipital cortical regions of the brain. Furthermore, we collected preliminary evidence that the correlations between cortical thickness and GABA receptor density are sexdependent in a brain region where sensory inputs are registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David James
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Vicky T Lam
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Booil Jo
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lawrence K Fung
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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16
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Persson J, Wall A, Weis J, Gingnell M, Antoni G, Lubberink M, Bodén R. Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitter systems in depressed and healthy: A positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 315:111327. [PMID: 34246046 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) neurotransmitter systems are implicated in depression. While previous studies found reduced GABA levels, and a tendency towards reduced Glu, using proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), little is known about GABAA receptor availability in depression. Here, the aim was to characterize GABA and Glu-levels in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), whole-brain GABAA availability, and their relationship in patients with depression compared to healthy controls. Forty-two patients and 45 controls underwent 1H-MRS using a MEGA-PRESS sequence to quantify dACC GABA+ and Glu (contrasted against creatine [Cr]). Immediately preceding the 1H-MRS, a subsample of 28 patients and 15 controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]Flumazenil to assess whole-brain GABAA receptor availability. There were no differences in dACC GABA+/Cr or Glu/Cr ratios between patients and controls. The same was true for whole-brain GABAA receptor availability. However, there was a significant negative relationship between GABA+/Cr ratio and receptor availability in ACC, in a whole-brain voxel-wise analysis across patients and controls, controlling for group or depressive symptoms. This relatively large study did not support the GABA-deficit hypothesis in depression, but shed light on GABA-system functioning, suggesting a balance between neurotransmitter concentration and receptor availability in dACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anders Wall
- PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Weis
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Gingnell
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Antoni
- PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology and Molecular Imaging, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Bodén
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Palaniyappan L. Dissecting the neurobiology of linguistic disorganisation and impoverishment in schizophrenia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 129:47-60. [PMID: 34507903 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia provides a quintessential disease model of how disturbances in the molecular mechanisms of neurodevelopment lead to disruptions in the emergence of cognition. The central and often persistent feature of this illness is the disorganisation and impoverishment of language and related expressive behaviours. Though clinically more prominent, the periodic perceptual distortions characterised as psychosis are non-specific and often episodic. While several insights into psychosis have been gained based on study of the dopaminergic system, the mechanistic basis of linguistic disorganisation and impoverishment is still elusive. Key findings from cellular to systems-level studies highlight the role of ubiquitous, inhibitory processes in language production. Dysregulation of these processes at critical time periods, in key brain areas, provides a surprisingly parsimonious account of linguistic disorganisation and impoverishment in schizophrenia. This review links the notion of excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance at cortical microcircuits to the expression of language behaviour characteristic of schizophrenia, through the building blocks of neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and neurocognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute,University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Investigating neurophysiological markers of impaired cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:34-43. [PMID: 34225025 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in schizophrenia and treatment options are severely limited. A greater understanding of the pathophysiology of impaired cognition would have broad implications, including for the development of effective treatments. In the current study we used a multimodal approach to identify neurophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Fifty-seven participants (30 schizophrenia, 27 controls) underwent neurobiological assessment (electroencephalography [EEG] and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation combined with EEG [TMS-EEG]) and assessment of cognitive functioning using an n-back task and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Neurobiological outcome measures included oscillatory power during a 2-back task, TMS-related oscillations and TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs). Cognitive outcome measures were d prime and accurate reaction time on the 2-back and MATRICS domain scores. Compared to healthy controls, participants with schizophrenia showed significantly reduced theta oscillations in response to TMS, and trend level decreases in task-related theta and cortical reactivity (i.e. reduced N100 and N40 TEPs). Participants with schizophrenia also showed significantly impaired cognitive performance across all measures. Correlational analysis identified significant associations between cortical reactivity and TMS-related oscillations in both groups; and trend level associations between task-related oscillations and impaired cognition in schizophrenia. The current study provides experimental support for possible neurophysiological markers of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. The potential implications of these findings, including for treatment development, are discussed.
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Vojtechova I, Maleninska K, Kutna V, Klovrza O, Tuckova K, Petrasek T, Stuchlik A. Behavioral Alterations and Decreased Number of Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons in Wistar Rats after Maternal Immune Activation by Lipopolysaccharide: Sex Matters. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063274. [PMID: 33806936 PMCID: PMC8004756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy represents an important environmental factor in the etiology of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our goal was to investigate the impacts of MIA on the brain and behavior of adolescent and adult offspring, as a rat model of these neurodevelopmental disorders. We injected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 mg/kg) to pregnant Wistar dams from gestational day 7, every other day, up to delivery. Behavior of the offspring was examined in a comprehensive battery of tasks at postnatal days P45 and P90. Several brain parameters were analyzed at P28. The results showed that prenatal immune activation caused social and communication impairments in the adult offspring of both sexes; males were affected already in adolescence. MIA also caused prepulse inhibition deficit in females and increased the startle reaction in males. Anxiety and hypolocomotion were apparent in LPS-affected males and females. In the 28-day-old LPS offspring, we found enlargement of the brain and decreased numbers of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the frontal cortex in both sexes. To conclude, our data indicate that sex of the offspring plays a crucial role in the development of the MIA-induced behavioral alterations, whereas changes in the brain apparent in young animals are sex-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Vojtechova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.); (O.K.); (K.T.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of the Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 32, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (A.S.)
| | - Kristyna Maleninska
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.); (O.K.); (K.T.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of the Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Kutna
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.); (O.K.); (K.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Ondrej Klovrza
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.); (O.K.); (K.T.); (T.P.)
| | - Klara Tuckova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.); (O.K.); (K.T.); (T.P.)
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 12800 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Petrasek
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.); (O.K.); (K.T.); (T.P.)
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of the Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of the Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (I.V.); (A.S.)
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Lee J, Yoon YB, Cho KIK, Seo S, Lee JS, Jeong JM, Kim E, Kim M, Lee TY, Kwon JS. In vivo gamma-aminobutyric acid-A/benzodiazepine receptor availability and genetic liability in asymptomatic individuals with high genetic loading of schizophrenia: A [11C]flumazenil positron emission tomography study. Hum Psychopharmacol 2021; 36:e2766. [PMID: 33184922 DOI: 10.1002/hup.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whilst reduced signalling and gene expression related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play a role in the presumed pathophysiology of schizophrenia, its origin is unclear. Studying asymptomatic individuals with high genetic liability to schizophrenia (AIs) would provide insights. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of genetic liability in GABAergic dysfunction of schizophrenia by exploring in vivo GABA-A/benzodiazepine receptor (GABAR) availability in AIs. METHODS A total of 10 AIs with multiple relatives diagnosed as schizophrenia and 11 healthy controls underwent [11C]flumazenil positron emission tomography and neurocognitive function tests. RESULTS There was no significant difference in [11C]flumazenil availability based on the groups. GABAR availability in caudate nuclei had positive correlations with genetic liability of AIs. GABAR availability in caudate nuclei and verbal memory measures of AIs revealed positive correlations. Only the correlation between right caudate and short-term verbal memory survived multiple-comparison correction (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, reports correlations between the genetic liability of schizophrenia and GABAR availability. Correlations between [11C]flumazenil binding in caudate of individuals with high genetic liability to schizophrenia suggests that the GABAergic dysfunction may arise from shared genetic factors and also that it may be responsible for cognitive impairment of AIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoo Bryan Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kang Ik Kevin Cho
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seongho Seo
- Department of Neuroscience, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Marques TR, Ashok AH, Angelescu I, Borgan F, Myers J, Lingford-Hughes A, Nutt DJ, Veronese M, Turkheimer FE, Howes OD. GABA-A receptor differences in schizophrenia: a positron emission tomography study using [ 11C]Ro154513. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:2616-2625. [PMID: 32296127 PMCID: PMC8440185 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A loss of GABA signaling is a prevailing hypothesis for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Preclinical studies indicate that blockade of the α5 subtype of the GABA receptor (α5-GABAARs) leads to behavioral phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, and postmortem evidence indicates lower hippocampal α5-GABAARs protein and mRNA levels in schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if α5-GABAARs are altered in vivo or related to symptoms. We investigated α5-GABAARs availability in antipsychotic-free schizophrenia patients and antipsychotic-medicated schizophrenia patients using [11C]Ro15-4513 PET imaging in a cross-sectional, case-control study design. Thirty-one schizophrenia patients (n = 10 antipsychotic free) and twenty-nine matched healthy controls underwent a [11C]Ro15-4513 PET scan and MRI. The α5 subtype GABA-A receptor availability was indexed using [11C]Ro15-4513 PET imaging. Dynamic PET data were analyzed using the two-tissue compartment model with an arterial plasma input function and total volume of distribution (VT) as the outcome measure. Symptom severity was assessed using the PANSS scale. There was significantly lower [11C]Ro15-4513 VT in the hippocampus of antipsychotic-free patients, but not in medicated patients (p = 0.64), relative to healthy controls (p < 0.05; effect size = 1.4). There was also a significant positive correlation between [11C]Ro15-4513 VT and total PANSS score in antipsychotic-free patients (r = 0.72; p = 0.044). The results suggest that antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia have lower α5-GABAARs levels in the hippocampus, consistent with the hypothesis that GABA hypofunction underlies the pathophysiology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Reis Marques
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK. .,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Abhishekh H. Ashok
- grid.14105.310000000122478951Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ilinca Angelescu
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Faith Borgan
- grid.14105.310000000122478951Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jim Myers
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David J. Nutt
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Centre for Psychiatry, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Federico E. Turkheimer
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- grid.14105.310000000122478951Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, UK ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies comparing the GABA levels of schizophrenia patients (SZP) and healthy controls (HC) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the frontal cortex (FC) and its sub-regions. METHODS We included studies published in English language that used 1H-MRS from MRI scanners having at-least 3 Tesla (3 T) magnetic field strength to measure GABA levels in SZP (n = 699) and HC (n = 718) in FC and its sub-regions. The outcome measures were the means and standard deviations of GABA levels and outcome measure was calculated using a random-effect model. RESULTS In FC, medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), there were no significant group differences. On excluding the outlier studies, the GABA levels were lower in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls in FC (Hedges' g = -0.2; p = 0.02). In ACC, significant group difference was noted in GABA levels (Hedges' g = -0.25; p = 0.03) with patients values being lower that is more pronounced in the first episode schizophrenia patients (Hedges' g: -0.41; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The available 1H-MRS studies suggest hypo-GABA ergia specifically in ACC and hint towards possible hypo GABA-ergic state in the FC. However, limitations of the analysis should be considered while interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhavika Vajawat
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren P Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Peris-Yague A, Kiemes A, Cash D, Cotel MC, Singh N, Vernon AC, Modinos G. Region-specific and dose-specific effects of chronic haloperidol exposure on [ 3H]-flumazenil and [ 3H]-Ro15-4513 GABA A receptor binding sites in the rat brain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 41:106-117. [PMID: 33153853 PMCID: PMC7731940 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with abnormal expression of specific GABAA receptor (GABAAR) α subunits, including α5GABAAR. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures of GABAAR availability in schizophrenia, however, have not revealed consistent alterations in vivo. Animal studies using the GABAAR agonist [3H]-muscimol provide evidence that antipsychotic drugs influence GABAAR availability, in a region-specific manner, suggesting a potential confounding effect of these drugs. No such data, however, are available for more recently developed subunit-selective GABAAR radioligands. To address this, we combined a rat model of clinically relevant antipsychotic drug exposure with quantitative receptor autoradiography. Haloperidol (0.5 and 2 mg/kg/day) or drug vehicle were administered continuously to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats via osmotic mini-pumps for 28 days. Quantitative receptor autoradiography was then performed postmortem using the GABAAR subunit-selective radioligand [3H]-Ro15-4513 and the non-subunit selective radioligand [3H]-flumazenil. Chronic haloperidol exposure increased [3H]-Ro15-4513 binding in the CA1 sub-field of the rat dorsal hippocampus (p<0.01; q<0.01; d=+1.3), which was not dose-dependent. [3H]-flumazenil binding also increased in most rat brain regions (p<0.05; main effect of treatment), irrespective of the haloperidol dose. These data confirm previous findings that chronic haloperidol exposure influences the specific binding of non-subtype selective GABAAR radioligands and is the first to demonstrate a potential effect of haloperidol on the binding of a α1/5GABAAR-selective radioligand. Although caution should be exerted when extrapolating results from animals to patients, our data support a view that exposure to antipsychotics may be a confounding factor in PET studies of GABAAR in the context of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Peris-Yague
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Kiemes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespingy Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Caroline Cotel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespingy Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Cumming P, Abi-Dargham A, Gründer G. Molecular imaging of schizophrenia: Neurochemical findings in a heterogeneous and evolving disorder. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:113004. [PMID: 33197459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past four decades have seen enormous efforts placed on a search for molecular markers of schizophrenia using positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this narrative review, we cast a broad net to define and summarize what researchers have learned about schizophrenia from molecular imaging studies. Some PET studies of brain energy metabolism with the glucose analogue FDGhave have shown a hypofrontality defect in patients with schizophrenia, but more generally indicate a loss of metabolic coherence between different brain regions. An early finding of significantly increased striatal trapping of the dopamine synthesis tracer FDOPA has survived a meta-analysis of many replications, but the increase is not pathognomonic of the disorder, since one half of patients have entirely normal dopamine synthesis capacity. Similarly, competition SPECT studies show greater basal and amphetamine-evoked dopamine occupancy at post-synaptic dopamine D2/3 receptors in patients with schizophrenia, but the difference is likewise not pathognomonic. We thus propose that molecular imaging studies of brain dopamine indicate neurochemical heterogeneity within the diagnostic entity of schizophrenia. Occupancy studies have established the relevant target engagement by antipsychotic medications at dopamine D2/3 receptors in living brain. There is evidence for elevated frontal cortical dopamine D1 receptors, especially in relation to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. There is a general lack of consistent findings of abnormalities in serotonin markers, but some evidence for decreased levels of nicotinic receptors in patients. There are sparse and somewhat inconsistent findings of reduced binding of muscarinic, glutamate, and opioid receptors ligands, inconsistent findings of microglial activation, and very recently, evidence of globally reduced levels of synaptic proteins in brain of patients. One study reports a decline in histone acetylase binding that is confined to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In most contexts, the phase of the disease and effects of past or present medication can obscure or confound PET and SPECT findings in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University, Bern, Switzerland; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Stony Brook University, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Mauler J, Heinzel A, Matusch A, Herzog H, Neuner I, Scheins J, Wyss C, Dammers J, Lang M, Ermert J, Neumaier B, Langen KJ, Shah NJ. Bolus infusion scheme for the adjustment of steady state [ 11C]Flumazenil levels in the grey matter and in the blood plasma for neuroreceptor imaging. Neuroimage 2020; 221:117160. [PMID: 32679251 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of hybrid PET/MR imaging facilitates the simultaneous investigation of challenge-related changes in ligand binding to neuroreceptors using PET, while concurrently measuring neuroactivation or blood flow with MRI. Having attained a steady state of the PET radiotracer using a bolus-infusion protocol, it is possible to observe alterations in ligand neuroreceptor binding through changes in distribution volumes. Here, we present an iterative procedure for establishing an administration scheme to obtain steady state [11C]flumazenil concentrations in grey matter in the human brain. In order to achieve a steady state in the shortest possible time, the bolus infusion ratio from a previous examination was adapted to fit the subsequent examination. 17 male volunteers were included in the study. Boli and infusions with different weightings were given to the subjects and were characterised by kbol values from 74 min down to 42 min. Metabolite analysis was used to ascertain the value of unmetabolised flumazenil in the plasma, and PET imaging was used to assess its binding in the grey matter. The flumazenil time-activity curves (TACs) in the brain were decomposed into activity contributions from pure grey and white matter and analysed for 12 vol of interest (VOIs). The curves highlighted a large variability in metabolic rates between the subjects, with kbol = 54.3 min being a reliable value to provide flumazenil equilibrium conditions in the majority of the VOIs and cases. The distribution volume of flumazenil in all 12 VOIs was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Mauler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Matusch
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hans Herzog
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheins
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christine Wyss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Dammers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Lang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Jon Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA - BRAIN - Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany; Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Afonso AC, Pacheco FD, Canever L, Wessler PG, Mastella GA, Godoi AK, Hubbe I, Bischoff LM, Bialecki AVS, Zugno AI. Schizophrenia-like behavior is not altered by melatonin supplementation in rodents. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190981. [PMID: 32844989 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging area in schizophrenia research focuses on the impact of immunomodulatory drugs such as melatonin, which have played important roles in many biological systems and functions, and appears to be promising. The objective was to evaluate the effect of melatonin on behavioral parameters in an animal model of schizophrenia. For this, Wistar rats were divided and used in two different protocols. In the prevention protocol, the animals received 1 or 10mg/kg of melatonin or water for 14 days, and between the 8th and 14th day they received ketamine or saline. In the reversal protocol, the opposite occurred. On the 14th day, the animals underwent behavioral tests: locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition task. In both protocols, the results revealed that ketamine had effects on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition, confirming the validity of ketamine construction as a good animal model of schizophrenia. However, at least at the doses used, melatonin was not able to reverse/prevent ketamine damage. More studies are necessary to evaluate the role of melatonin as an adjuvant treatment in psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlindo C Afonso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe D Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lara Canever
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Wessler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Mastella
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda K Godoi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabela Hubbe
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura M Bischoff
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alex Victor S Bialecki
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Zugno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Adams RA, Bush D, Zheng F, Meyer SS, Kaplan R, Orfanos S, Marques TR, Howes OD, Burgess N. Impaired theta phase coupling underlies frontotemporal dysconnectivity in schizophrenia. Brain 2020; 143:1261-1277. [PMID: 32236540 PMCID: PMC7174039 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dysconnectivity is a key pathology in schizophrenia. The specific nature of this dysconnectivity is unknown, but animal models imply dysfunctional theta phase coupling between hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We tested this hypothesis by examining neural dynamics in 18 participants with a schizophrenia diagnosis, both medicated and unmedicated; and 26 age, sex and IQ matched control subjects. All participants completed two tasks known to elicit hippocampal-prefrontal theta coupling: a spatial memory task (during magnetoencephalography) and a memory integration task. In addition, an overlapping group of 33 schizophrenia and 29 control subjects underwent PET to measure the availability of GABAARs expressing the α5 subunit (concentrated on hippocampal somatostatin interneurons). We demonstrate-in the spatial memory task, during memory recall-that theta power increases in left medial temporal lobe (mTL) are impaired in schizophrenia, as is theta phase coupling between mPFC and mTL. Importantly, the latter cannot be explained by theta power changes, head movement, antipsychotics, cannabis use, or IQ, and is not found in other frequency bands. Moreover, mPFC-mTL theta coupling correlated strongly with performance in controls, but not in subjects with schizophrenia, who were mildly impaired at the spatial memory task and no better than chance on the memory integration task. Finally, mTL regions showing reduced phase coupling in schizophrenia magnetoencephalography participants overlapped substantially with areas of diminished α5-GABAAR availability in the wider schizophrenia PET sample. These results indicate that mPFC-mTL dysconnectivity in schizophrenia is due to a loss of theta phase coupling, and imply α5-GABAARs (and the cells that express them) have a role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Adams
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.,Max Planck-UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, 10-12 Russell Square, London, WC1B 5EH, UK.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, Malet Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Daniel Bush
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fanfan Zheng
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Sofie S Meyer
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Raphael Kaplan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stelios Orfanos
- South West London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, Springfield University Hospital, 61 Glenburnie Rd, London SW17 7DJ, UK.,Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3AZ, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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28
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Schoonover KE, Dienel SJ, Lewis DA. Prefrontal cortical alterations of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission in schizophrenia: Insights for rational biomarker development. Biomark Neuropsychiatry 2020; 3. [PMID: 32656540 PMCID: PMC7351254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, such as impaired working memory, are thought to reflect alterations in the neural circuitry of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Gamma oscillations in the DLPFC appear to be a neural corollary of working memory function, and the power of these oscillations during working memory tasks is lower in individuals with schizophrenia. Thus, gamma oscillations represent a potentially useful biomarker to index dysfunction in the DLPFC circuitry responsible for working memory in schizophrenia. Postmortem studies, by identifying the cellular basis of DLPFC dysfunction, can help inform the utility of biomarker measures obtained in vivo. Given that gamma oscillations reflect network activity of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory GABA neurons, we review postmortem findings of alterations to both cell types in the DLPFC and discuss how these findings might inform future biomarker development and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten E Schoonover
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Samuel J Dienel
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, United States
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29
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Li C, Lei Y, Tian Y, Xu S, Shen X, Wu H, Bao S, Wang F. The etiological contribution of GABAergic plasticity to the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919847366. [PMID: 30977423 PMCID: PMC6509976 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919847366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain developing after peripheral or central nerve injury is the result of pathological changes generated through complex mechanisms. Disruption in the homeostasis of excitatory and inhibitory neurons within the central nervous system is a crucial factor in the formation of hyperalgesia or allodynia occurring with neuropathic pain. The central GABAergic pathway has received attention for its extensive distribution and function in neural circuits, including the generation and development of neuropathic pain. GABAergic inhibitory changes that occur in the interneurons along descending modulatory and nociceptive pathways in the central nervous system are believed to generate neuronal plasticity, such as synaptic plasticity or functional plasticity of the related genes or proteins, that is the foundation of persistent neuropathic pain. The primary GABAergic plasticity observed in neuropathic pain includes GABAergic synapse homo- and heterosynaptic plasticity, decreased synthesis of GABA, down-expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA transporter, abnormal expression of NKCC1 or KCC2, and disturbed function of GABA receptors. In this review, we describe possible mechanisms associated with GABAergic plasticity, such as central sensitization and GABAergic interneuron apoptosis, and the epigenetic etiologies of GABAergic plasticity in neuropathic pain. Moreover, we summarize potential therapeutic targets of GABAergic plasticity that may allow for successful relief of hyperalgesia from nerve injury. Finally, we compare the effects of the GABAergic system in neuropathic pain to other types of chronic pain to understand the contribution of GABAergic plasticity to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Li
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanying Lei
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yi Tian
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Shiqin Xu
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Senzhu Bao
- 2 Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Fuzhou Wang
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,4 Group of Neuropharmacology and Neurophysiology, Division of Neuroscience, The Bonoi Academy of Science and Education, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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30
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Interneuron hypomyelination is associated with cognitive inflexibility in a rat model of schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2329. [PMID: 32393757 PMCID: PMC7214427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cognitive functioning is a core feature of schizophrenia, and is hypothesized to be due to myelination as well as interneuron defects during adolescent prefrontal cortex (PFC) development. Here we report that in the apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) rat model, which has schizophrenia-like features, a myelination defect occurred specifically in parvalbumin interneurons. The adult rats displayed medial PFC (mPFC)-dependent cognitive inflexibility, and a reduced number of mature oligodendrocytes and myelinated parvalbumin inhibitory axons in the mPFC. In the developing mPFC, we observed decreased myelin-related gene expression that persisted into adulthood. Environmental enrichment applied during adolescence restored parvalbumin interneuron hypomyelination as well as cognitive inflexibility. Collectively, these findings highlight that impairment of parvalbumin interneuron myelination is related to schizophrenia-relevant cognitive deficits. Dysfunction of GABAergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex has been reported in schizophrenia. Here, the authors use the apomorphine-susceptible rat, which displays some schizophrenia-like behaviors, and show that interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex are hypomyelinated, which may contribute to this behavioral phenotype.
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31
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Kraeuter AK, Mashavave T, Suvarna A, van den Buuse M, Sarnyai Z. Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate administration on MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviour in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1397-1405. [PMID: 31993694 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism is a core pathological feature of schizophrenia. We recently demonstrated that a ketogenic diet, causing a shift from glycolysis to ketosis, normalized schizophrenia-like behaviours in an acute N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist model of the illness. Ketogenic diet produces the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which may serve as an alternative fuel source in its own right without a strict dietary regime. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that chronic administration of BHB replicates the therapeutic effects of ketogenic diet in an acute NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were either treated with acute doses of 2 mmol/kg, 10 mmol/kg, or 20 mmol/kg BHB or received daily intraperitoneal injections of 2 mmol/kg BHB or saline for 3 weeks. Behavioural testing assessed the effect of acute challenge with 0.2 mg/kg MK-801 or saline on open field behaviour, social interaction, and prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI). RESULTS Acute BHB administration dose-dependently increased BHB plasma levels, whereas the 2 mmol/kg dose increased plasma glucose levels. The highest acute dose of BHB supressed spontaneous locomotor activity, MK-801-induced locomotor hyperactivity and MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. Chronic BHB treatment normalized MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion, reduction of sociability, and disruption of PPI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, BHB may present a novel treatment option for patients with schizophrenia by providing an alternative fuel source to normalize impaired glucose metabolism in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tadiwa Mashavave
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aditya Suvarna
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia.
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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32
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Dienel SJ, Enwright JF, Hoftman GD, Lewis DA. Markers of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects: Disease effects differ across anatomical levels of resolution. Schizophr Res 2020; 217:86-94. [PMID: 31296415 PMCID: PMC6946893 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in individuals with schizophrenia is thought to reflect, at least in part, altered levels of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Studies of the postmortem human brain allow for interrogation of the disease-related alterations in markers of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission at different levels of anatomical resolution. Here, we re-analyzed six published datasets from postmortem studies of schizophrenia to assess molecular markers of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission in the DLPFC at three levels of anatomical resolution: 1) total cortical gray matter, 2) gray matter restricted to layer 3, and 3) a layer 3 local circuit composed of excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory, parvalbumin-containing, GABA neurons. We formulated composite measures of glutamate and GABA neurotransmission from z-scores of key transcripts that regulate these functions. Relative to unaffected comparison subjects, the composite glutamate measure was higher in schizophrenia subjects in total gray matter homogenates but lower in samples restricted to layer 3 or the layer 3 local circuit. The composite index of GABA neurotransmission did not differ between subject groups in total gray matter homogenates but was lower in schizophrenia subjects in layer 3 and lower still in the local layer 3 circuit. These findings suggest that the balance of excitation and inhibition in the DLPFC of schizophrenia subjects differs depending on the level of anatomical resolution studied, highlighting the importance of layer- and cell type-specific studies to understand disease-related alterations in cortical circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Dienel
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh,Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh
| | - John F. Enwright
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Gil D. Hoftman
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - David A. Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh,Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh
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33
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Amelioration of cognitive impairments induced by GABA hypofunction in the male rat prefrontal cortex by direct and indirect dopamine D1 agonists SKF-81297 and d-Govadine. Neuropharmacology 2020; 162:107844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Disrupted GABAergic facilitation of working memory performance in people with schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 25:102127. [PMID: 31864216 PMCID: PMC6928454 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As in a previous study, higher GABA concentrations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were associated with better working memory (WM) in healthy participants. Despite no overall group difference in DLPFC GABA concentrations, people with schizophrenia showed significantly different inverse associations, with higher DLPFC GABA associated with worse rather than better WM. This opposite pattern of correlations despite a lack of group differences suggests that schizophrenia alters the distribution of different classes of GABAergic interneurons rather than producing a general deficit across the total population of neurons.
Objectives Gamma-Amiobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter that facilitates neural oscillations that coordinate neural activity between brain networks to facilitate cognition. The present magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study tests the hypothesis that GABAergic facilitation of working memory is disrupted in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). Methods 51 healthy participants and 40 PSZ from the UC Davis Early Psychosis Program performed an item and temporal order working memory (WM) task and underwent resting MRS to measure GABA and glutamate concentrations in dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate (ACC) regions of interest. MRS was acquired on a 3 Tesla Siemens scanner and GABA and glutamate concentrations were referenced to creatine. Percent correct on the WM task indexed performance and correlation coefficients examined GABAergic or Glutamatergic facilitation of WM, with Fisher's Z transformation testing for group differences. Results There were no group differences in GABA or glutamate concentrations, but WM correlations were reversed between groups. In patients, higher DLPFC GABA was associated with worse rather than better WM performance. This pattern was not observed for glutamate or in the ACC. Although under-powered, there was no indication of medication effects. Conclusions and Relevance Results cannot be explained by group differences in DLPFC GABA or glutamate concentrations but, instead, indicate that schizophrenia disrupts the GABAergic facilitation of WM seen in healthy individuals. Results appear to parallel post mortem findings in suggesting that schizophrenia alters the distribution of different classes of GABAergic interneurons rather than producing a general deficit across the total population of neurons.
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Keshavan MS, Collin G, Guimond S, Kelly S, Prasad KM, Lizano P. Neuroimaging in Schizophrenia. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2019; 30:73-83. [PMID: 31759574 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder with a lifetime prevalence of about 1%. Onset is typically in adolescence or early adulthood; characteristic symptoms include positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and impairments in cognition. Neuroimaging studies have shown substantive evidence of brain structural, functional, and neurochemical alterations that are more pronounced in the association cortex and subcortical regions. These abnormalities are not sufficiently specific to be of diagnostic value, but there may be a role for imaging techniques to provide predictions of outcome. Incorporating multimodal imaging datasets using machine learning approaches may offer better diagnostic and predictive value in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matcheri S Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Guusje Collin
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Heidelberglaan 100, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konasale M Prasad
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Suite 279, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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36
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Dienel SJ, Lewis DA. Alterations in cortical interneurons and cognitive function in schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 131:104208. [PMID: 29936230 PMCID: PMC6309598 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain clinical features of schizophrenia, such as working memory disturbances, appear to emerge from altered gamma oscillatory activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Given the essential role of GABA neurotransmission in both working memory and gamma oscillations, understanding the cellular substrate for their disturbances in schizophrenia requires evidence from in vivo neuroimaging studies, which provide a means to link markers of GABA neurotransmission to gamma oscillations and working memory, and from postmortem studies, which provide insight into GABA neurotransmission at molecular and cellular levels of resolution. Here, we review findings from both types of studies which converge on the notions that 1) inhibitory GABA signaling in the PFC, especially between parvalbumin positive GABAergic basket cells and excitatory pyramidal cells, is required for gamma oscillatory activity and working memory function; and 2) disturbances in this signaling contribute to altered gamma oscillations and working memory in schizophrenia. Because the PFC is only one node in a distributed cortical network that mediates working memory, we also review evidence of GABA abnormalities in other cortical regions in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Dienel
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - David A Lewis
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
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Taylor SF, Grove TB, Ellingrod VL, Tso IF. The Fragile Brain: Stress Vulnerability, Negative Affect and GABAergic Neurocircuits in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1170-1183. [PMID: 31150555 PMCID: PMC6811817 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia exhibit sensitivity to stress and negative affect (NA), both strongly correlated with poor functional outcome. This theoretical review suggests that NA reflects a "fragile brain," ie, vulnerable to stress, including events not experienced as stressful by healthy individuals. Based on postmortem evidence of altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVI), animal models of PVI abnormalities and neuroimaging data with GABAergic challenge, it is suggested that GABAergic disruptions weaken cortical regions, which leads to stress vulnerability and excessive NA. Neurocircuits that respond to stressful and salient environmental stimuli, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the amygdala, are highly dysregulated in schizophrenia, exhibiting hypo- and hyper-activity. PVI abnormalities in lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have been hypothesized to affect cognitive function and positive symptoms, respectively; in the medial frontal cortex (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex), these abnormalities may lead to vulnerability to stress, NA and dysregulation of stress responsive systems. Given that postmortem PVI disruptions have been identified in other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and autism, stress vulnerability may reflect a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 734-936-4955, fax: 734-936-7868, e-mail:
| | - Tyler B Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
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38
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Pre-frontal parvalbumin interneurons in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of post-mortem studies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1637-1651. [PMID: 31529297 PMCID: PMC6856257 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parvalbumin interneurons are fast-spiking GABAergic neurons that provide inhibitory control of cortical and subcortical circuits and are thought to be a key locus of the pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia. In view of the contradictory results regarding the nature of parvalbumin post-mortem findings in schizophrenia, we conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of the data on parvalbumin cell density and parvalbumin mRNA levels in pre-frontal regions in the brains of patients with schizophrenia (n = 274) compared with healthy controls (n = 275). The results suggest that parvalbumin interneurons are reduced in density in the frontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia (Hedges’ g = − 0.27; p = 0.03) and there is a non-significant reduction in parvalbumin mRNA levels (g = − 0.44; p = 0.12). However, certain methodological issues need to be considered in interpreting such results and are discussed in more detail. A meta-regression was conducted for post-mortem interval and year of publication as covariates which were both non-significant, except in the mRNA meta-analysis where post-mortem interval was found to be significant. Overall our findings provide tentative support for the hypothesis that the GABAergic system is deficient in schizophrenia and that parvalbumin-containing interneurons offer a potential target for treatment. However, further well-controlled studies that examine multiple regions and layers are warranted to determine whether parvalbumin alterations are region or layer specific and to test the robustness of the findings further.
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39
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Zhang C, Ni P, Liu Y, Tian Y, Wei J, Xiang B, Zhao L, Li X, Ma X, Deng W, Guo W, Ni R, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Huang H, Zhang N, Li T. GABAergic Abnormalities Associated with Sensorimotor Cortico-striatal Community Structural Deficits in ErbB4 Knockout Mice and First-Episode Treatment-Naïve Patients with Schizophrenia. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:97-109. [PMID: 31388929 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to explore how disruption of specific molecular circuits in the cerebral cortex may cause sensorimotor cortico-striatal community structure deficits in both a mouse model and patients with schizophrenia. We used prepulse inhibition (PPI) and brain structural and diffusion MRI scans in 23 mice with conditional ErbB4 knockout in parvalbumin interneurons and 27 matched controls. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the differential levels of GABA-related transcripts in brain regions. Concurrently, we measured structural and diffusion MRI and the cumulative contribution of risk alleles in the GABA pathway genes in first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenic patients (n = 117) and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 86). We present the first evidence of gray and white matter impairment of right sensorimotor cortico-striatal networks and reproduced the sensorimotor gating deficit in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Significant correlations between gray matter volumes (GMVs) in the somatosensory cortex and PPI as well as glutamate decarboxylase 1 mRNA expression were found in controls but not in knockout mice. Furthermore, these findings were confirmed in a human sample in which we found significantly decreased gray and white matter in sensorimotor cortico-striatal networks in schizophrenic patients. The psychiatric risk alleles of the GABA pathway also displayed a significant negative correlation with the GMVs of the somatosensory cortex in patients. Our study identified that ErbB4 ablation in parvalbumin interneurons induced GABAergic dysregulation, providing valuable mechanistic insights into the sensorimotor cortico-striatal community structure deficits associated with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peiyan Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yikang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yang Tian
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinxue Wei
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wanjun Guo
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rongjun Ni
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02141, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Tao Li
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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40
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Oh SJ, Fan X. The Possible Role of the Angiotensin System in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia: Implications for Pharmacotherapy. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:539-547. [PMID: 30993607 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of literature has elucidated the involvement of the central renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in various neuropsychiatric diseases. While consensus on the exact mechanism of the central RAS in schizophrenia pathophysiology does not currently exist, increasing evidence reveals promise in harnessing the therapeutic potential of RAS modulation in the treatment of schizophrenia. In this review, we examine how the central RAS affects inflammation, glutamate, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, all of which are associated with schizophrenia etiology. In addition, a recent study has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of RAS modulators, especially angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), as adjunctive therapy to the currently available antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia treatment. With a greater understanding of how RAS inhibition directly modulates neurotransmitter balance in the brain, it is possible that compounds with RAS-inhibiting properties could be used to optimize physiological levels of glutamate, dopamine, and GABA, and the balance among the three neurotransmitters, analogously to how antipsychotic medications mediate the dopaminergic pathways. It can be hoped that a novel approach based on this concept, such as adjunctive telmisartan therapy, may offer practical interventional strategies to address currently unmet therapeutic needs in patients with schizophrenia, especially those with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- Psychotic Disorders Program, UMASS Memorial Medical Center, Biotech One, Suite 100, 365 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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41
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Sex-Specific Proteomic Changes Induced by Genetic Deletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14), a Regulator of Neuronal Ion Channels. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7010005. [PMID: 30678040 PMCID: PMC6473632 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) is a member of the intracellular FGFs, which is a group of proteins involved in neuronal ion channel regulation and synaptic transmission. We previously demonstrated that male Fgf14−/− mice recapitulate the salient endophenotypes of synaptic dysfunction and behaviors that are associated with schizophrenia (SZ). As the underlying etiology of SZ and its sex-specific onset remain elusive, the Fgf14−/− model may provide a valuable tool to interrogate pathways related to disease mechanisms. Here, we performed label-free quantitative proteomics to identify enriched pathways in both male and female hippocampi from Fgf14+/+ and Fgf14−/− mice. We discovered that all of the differentially expressed proteins measured in Fgf14−/− animals, relative to their same-sex wildtype counterparts, are associated with SZ based on genome-wide association data. In addition, measured changes in the proteome were predominantly sex-specific, with the male Fgf14−/− mice distinctly enriched for pathways associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. In the male Fgf14−/− mouse, we found molecular characteristics that, in part, may explain a previously described neurotransmission and behavioral phenotype. This includes decreased levels of ALDH1A1 and protein kinase A (PRKAR2B). ALDH1A1 has been shown to mediate an alternative pathway for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, while PRKAR2B is essential for dopamine 2 receptor signaling, which is the basis of current antipsychotics. Collectively, our results provide new insights in the role of FGF14 and support the use of the Fgf14−/− mouse as a useful preclinical model of SZ for generating hypotheses on disease mechanisms, sex-specific manifestation, and therapy.
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Yoga: Balancing the excitation-inhibition equilibrium in psychiatric disorders. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 244:387-413. [PMID: 30732846 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Social behavioral disturbances are central to most psychiatric disorders. A disequilibrium within the cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems underlies these deficits. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the most abundant excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain that contribute to this equilibrium. Several contemporary therapies used in treating psychiatric disorders, regulate this GABA-glutamate balance. Yoga has been studied as an adjuvant treatment across a broad range of psychiatric disorders and is shown to have short-term therapeutic gains. Emerging evidence from recent clinical in vivo experiments suggests that yoga improves GABA-mediated cortical-inhibitory tone and enhances peripheral oxytocin levels. This is likely to have a more controlled downstream response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system by means of reduced cortisol release and hence a blunted sympathetic response to stress. Animal and early fetal developmental studies suggest an inter-dependent role of oxytocin and GABA in regulating social behaviors. In keeping with these observations, we propose an integrated neurobiological model to study the mechanisms of therapeutic benefits with yoga. Apart from providing a neuroscientific basis for applying a traditional system of practice in the clinical setting, this model can be used as a framework for studying yoga mechanisms in future clinical trials.
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43
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Canetta S, Kellendonk C. Can we use mice to study schizophrenia? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0032. [PMID: 29352031 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The validity of rodent models for the study of psychiatric disorders is controversial. Despite great efforts from academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies, as of today, no major therapeutic intervention has been developed for the treatment of psychiatric disorders based on mechanistic insights from rodent models. Here, we argue that despite these historical shortcomings, rodent studies are nevertheless instrumental for identifying neuronal circuit mechanisms underlying behaviours that are affected in psychiatric disorders. Focusing on schizophrenia, we will give four examples of rodent models that were generated based on genetic and environmental risk factors or pathophysiological evidence as entry points. We will then discuss how circuit analysis in these specific examples can be used for testing hypotheses about neuronal mechanisms underlying symptoms of schizophrenia, which will then guide the development of new therapies.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Canetta
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA .,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA .,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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44
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Bygrave AM, Kilonzo K, Kullmann DM, Bannerman DM, Kätzel D. Can N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Hypofunction in Schizophrenia Be Localized to an Individual Cell Type? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:835. [PMID: 31824347 PMCID: PMC6881463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs), whether caused by endogenous factors like auto-antibodies or mutations, or by pharmacological or genetic manipulations, produces a wide variety of deficits which overlap with-but do not precisely match-the symptom spectrum of schizophrenia. In order to understand how NMDAR hypofunction leads to different components of the syndrome, it is necessary to take into account which neuronal subtypes are particularly affected by it in terms of detrimental functional alterations. We provide a comprehensive overview detailing findings in rodent models with cell type-specific knockout of NMDARs. Regarding inhibitory cortical cells, an emerging model suggests that NMDAR hypofunction in parvalbumin (PV) positive interneurons is a potential risk factor for this disease. PV interneurons display a selective vulnerability resulting from a combination of genetic, cellular, and environmental factors that produce pathological multi-level positive feedback loops. Central to this are two antioxidant mechanisms-NMDAR activity and perineuronal nets-which are themselves impaired by oxidative stress, amplifying disinhibition. However, NMDAR hypofunction in excitatory pyramidal cells also produces a range of schizophrenia-related deficits, in particular maladaptive learning and memory recall. Furthermore, NMDAR blockade in the thalamus disturbs thalamocortical communication, and NMDAR ablation in dopaminergic neurons may provoke over-generalization in associative learning, which could relate to the positive symptom domain. Therefore, NMDAR hypofunction can produce schizophrenia-related effects through an action on various different circuits and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei M Bygrave
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dimitri M Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Bannerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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45
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Disinhibition of the prefrontal cortex leads to brain-wide increases in neuronal activation that are modified by spatial learning. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 224:171-190. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Wang T, Sinha AS, Akita T, Yanagawa Y, Fukuda A. Alterations of GABAergic Neuron-Associated Extracellular Matrix and Synaptic Responses in Gad1-Heterozygous Mice Subjected to Prenatal Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:284. [PMID: 30233323 PMCID: PMC6133952 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to prenatal stress (PS) and mutations in Gad1, which encodes GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 67, are the primary risk factors for psychiatric disorders associated with abnormalities in parvalbumin (PV)-positive GABAergic interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Decreased expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins has also been reported in patients with these disorders, raising the possibility that ECM abnormalities may play a role in their pathogenesis. To elucidate pathophysiological changes in ECM induced by the gene–environment interaction, we examined heterozygous GAD67-GFP (Knock-In KI; GAD67+/GFP) mice subjected to PS from embryonic day 15.0 to 17.5. Consistent with our previous study, we confirmed a decrease in the density of PV neurons in the mPFC of postnatal GAD67+/GFP mice with PS, which was concurrent with a decrease in density of PV neurons surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs), a specialized ECM important for the maturation, synaptic stabilization and plasticity of PV neurons. Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) and its putative mediator fukutin (Fktn) in the ECM around inhibitory synapses has also been suggested to contribute to disease development. We found that both glycosylated α-DG and the mRNA level of Fktn were reduced in GAD67+/GFP mice with PS. None of these changes were detected in GAD67+/GFP naive mice or wild type (GAD67+/+) mice with PS, suggesting that both PS and reduced Gad1 gene expression are prerequisites for these changes. When assessing the function of interneurons in the mPFC of GAD67+/GFP mice with PS through evoked inhibitory post-synaptic currents (eIPSCs) in layer V pyramidal neurons, we found that the threshold stimulus intensity for eIPSC events was reduced and that the eIPSC amplitude was increased without changes in the paired-pulse ratio (PPR). Moreover, the decay rate of eIPSCs was also slowed. In line with eIPSC, spontaneous IPSC (sIPSC) amplitude, frequency and decay tau were altered. Thus, our study suggests that alterations in the ECM mediated by gene-environment interactions might be linked to the enhanced and prolonged GABA action that compensates for the decreased density of PV neurons. This might be one of the causes of the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in the mPFC of psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wang
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Adya Saran Sinha
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tenpei Akita
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Fukuda
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Advanced Research Facilities and Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center, Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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47
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Andersson JD, Matuskey D, Finnema SJ. Positron emission tomography imaging of the γ-aminobutyric acid system. Neurosci Lett 2018; 691:35-43. [PMID: 30102960 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands for γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors and their potential to measure changes in endogenous GABA levels and highlight the clinical and translational applications of GABA-sensitive PET radioligands. We review the basic physiology of the GABA system with a focus on the importance of GABAA receptors in the brain and specifically the benzodiazepine binding site. Challenges for the development of central nervous system radioligands and particularly for radioligands with increased GABA sensitivity are outlined, as well as the status of established benzodiazepine site PET radioligands and agonist GABAA radioligands. We underline the challenge of using allosteric interactions to measure GABA concentrations and review the current state of PET imaging of changes in GABA levels. We conclude that PET tracers with increased GABA sensitivity are required to efficiently measure GABA release and that such a tool could be broadly applied to assess GABA transmission in vivo across several disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan D Andersson
- University of Alberta, Medical Isotope and Cyclotron Facility, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David Matuskey
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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48
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Ma J, Shang S, Wang J, Zhang T, Nie F, Song X, Zhu C, Zhang R, Hao D. Identification of miR-22-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-137 in peripheral blood as biomarker for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2018; 265:70-76. [PMID: 29684772 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous and non-coding single-stranded RNAs with length of about 22 nucleotides, and many are evolutionarily conserved. Although postmortem brain samples provide direct evidence of miRNA dysregulation within the brain, peripheral tissue samples can be obtained from living subjects and have the potential to yield biomarkers that could be used as diagnostic tools. To verify and detect additional miRNAs differentially expressed in peripheral blood and further explore their diagnostic value and function for schizophrenia, we performed a next-generation sequencing approach in combination with a literature search to select appropriate miRNAs. We then used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify miRNAs expressed aberrantly in schizophrenia. Binary regression analysis identified miR-22-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-137. Analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) indicated that these three miRNAs could be used in combination as a biomarker for schizophrenia. Bioinformatic analyses of these genes and gene ontology (GO) enrichment revealed that the combination of miR-22-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-137 was closely associated with synaptic structure and function, which play important roles in the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shanshan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Clinical laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Tianbu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Fayi Nie
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaobin Song
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China; Department of spinal surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.
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49
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Wyss C, Tse DHY, Boers F, Shah NJ, Neuner I, Kawohl W. Association between Cortical GABA and Loudness Dependence of Auditory Evoked Potentials (LDAEP) in Humans. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21:809-813. [PMID: 29917080 PMCID: PMC6119294 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) is a widely used EEG-based biomarker for central serotonergic activity. Serotonin has been shown to be associated with different psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Despite its clinical significance, the underlying neurochemical mechanism of this promising marker is not fully understood, and further research is needed to improve its validity. Other neurotransmitters might have a significant impact on this measure. Thus, we assessed the inhibitory action through individual GABA/H20 concentrations and GABA/glutamate ratios by means of magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T in healthy subjects. The measurements were assessed in the primary auditory cortex to investigate the association with the LDAEP, whose generators are mainly in the primary auditory cortex. For the first time, this study examines the link between GABAergic neurotransmission and LDAEP, and the data preliminary show that GABA may not contribute to the generation of EEG-based LDAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wyss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Correspondence: Christine Wyss, PhD, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Militärstrasse 8, P.O. Box 2019, 8021 Zurich, Switzerland ()
| | - Desmond H Y Tse
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Frank Boers
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nadim J Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,JARA-Brain, Translational Medicine, Jülich, Germany,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM4, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,JARA-Brain, Translational Medicine, Jülich, Germany
| | - Wolfram Kawohl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Dupont AC, Largeau B, Guilloteau D, Santiago Ribeiro MJ, Arlicot N. The Place of PET to Assess New Therapeutic Effectiveness in Neurodegenerative Diseases. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:7043578. [PMID: 29887768 PMCID: PMC5985069 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7043578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In vivo exploration of neurodegenerative diseases by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has matured over the last 20 years, using dedicated radiopharmaceuticals targeting cellular metabolism, neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, or abnormal protein aggregates (beta-amyloid and intracellular microtubule inclusions containing hyperphosphorylated tau). The ability of PET to characterize biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels enables early detection and identification of molecular mechanisms associated with disease progression, by providing accurate, reliable, and longitudinally reproducible quantitative biomarkers. Thus, PET imaging has become a relevant imaging method for monitoring response to therapy, approved as an outcome measure in bioclinical trials. The aim of this paper is to review and discuss the current inputs of PET in the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness in neurodegenerative diseases connected by common pathophysiological mechanisms, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and also in psychiatric disorders. We also discuss opportunities for PET imaging to drive more personalized neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies, taking into account individual variability, within the growing framework of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Dupont
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Unité de Radiopharmacie, Tours, France
| | | | - Denis Guilloteau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire in vitro, Tours, France
- INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Maria Joao Santiago Ribeiro
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Médecine Nucléaire in vivo, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Arlicot
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CHRU de Tours, Unité de Radiopharmacie, Tours, France
- INSERM CIC 1415, University Hospital, Tours, France
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