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Laharnar N, Bailly S, Basoglu OK, Buskova J, Drummond M, Fanfulla F, Mihaicuta S, Pataka A, Riha RL, Bouloukaki I, Testelmans D, Trakada G, Verbraecken J, Zimmermann S, Penzel T, Fietze I. Bed partner perception of CPAP therapy on relationship satisfaction and intimacy-A European perspective from the ESADA network. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14125. [PMID: 38084019 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea increases morbidity and mortality risks. The most common treatment is continuous positive airway pressure, with nasal mask usage being important, but not always optimal. While most research on treatment adherence focuses on the patient, the bed partner's involvement may be detrimental. Our study aim is to obtain a European-wide picture of the bed partner's attitude and support towards continuous positive airway pressure therapy, including effects on relationship satisfaction and intimacy. The English translation of a German bed partner questionnaire, assessing relationship satisfaction and three major components (general attitude, perceived mask looks, intimacy effects) was distributed within the European Sleep Apnea Database Network and translated in participating countries' local language. Data were collected for 2 years. In total, 10 European countries (13 sleep centres) participated with 1546 questionnaires. Overall, 91% of bed partners had a positive attitude towards continuous positive airway pressure therapy, 86% perceived mask looks not negative, 64% stated no negative intimacy effects. More specifically, 71% mentioned improved sleep quality, 68% supported nightly device usage. For 41% of bed partners, relationship satisfaction increased (no change for 47%). These results were significantly more pronounced in Eastern/Southern Europe compared with Middle Europe, especially regarding intimacy effects. However, increased continuous positive airway pressure therapy length affected attitude negatively. These results provide necessary information to improve treatment strategies by including educational couple-focused approaches. Among others, we revealed that negative intimacy effects are not considered a barrier to continuous positive airway pressure adherence. These results may inspire more research identifying regional gaps with need for treatment adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Laharnar
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastien Bailly
- Grenoble Alpes University, Inserm, U1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Ozen K Basoglu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Jitka Buskova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Drummond
- Sleep and Non-Invasive Ventilation Unit, Hospital São João, Porto Faculty of Medicine, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesco Fanfulla
- Respiratory Function and Sleep Unit, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefan Mihaicuta
- Center for Research and Innovation in Precision Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Athanasia Pataka
- Respiratory Failure Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Renata L Riha
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Izolde Bouloukaki
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
| | - Dries Testelmans
- Sleep Disorders Centre, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Georgia Trakada
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Johan Verbraecken
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Disorders Centre, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sandra Zimmermann
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Southwest Medical University Affiliated Zigong Hospital, Zigong, China
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2
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Greville-Harris M, Withers C, Wezyk A, Thomas K, Bolderston H, Kane A, McDougall S, Turner KJ. Association of resilience and psychological flexibility with surgeons' mental wellbeing. BJS Open 2024; 8:zrae060. [PMID: 39041733 PMCID: PMC11264141 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research highlights the link between certain personality traits and mental health in surgeons. However, little research has explored the important role of psychological skills and qualities in potentially explaining this link. A cross-sectional survey of UK-based surgeons was used to examine whether two such skills (psychological flexibility and resilience) helped to explain why certain personality traits might be linked to mental health in surgeons. METHOD An online survey comprising measures of personality (neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness), psychological skills/qualities (psychological flexibility and resilience) and mental health (depression, anxiety, stress and burnout) was sent to surgeons practising in the UK. Mediation analyses were used to examine the potential mediating role of psychological flexibility and resilience in explaining the relationship between personality factors and mental health. RESULTS A total of 348 surgeons completed the survey. In all 12 mediation models, psychological flexibility and/or resilience played a significant role in explaining the relationship between personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness) and mental health (depression, anxiety and burnout). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that it is not only a surgeon's personality that is associated with their mental health, but the extent to which a surgeon demonstrates specific psychological qualities and skills (psychological flexibility and resilience). This has important implications for improving surgeons' mental wellbeing, because psychological flexibility and resilience are malleable, and can be successfully targeted with interventions in a way that personality traits cannot.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Withers
- Department of Psychology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Agata Wezyk
- Department of Psychology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Helen Bolderston
- Department of Psychology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Amy Kane
- Department of Psychology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Sine McDougall
- Department of Psychology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Kevin J Turner
- Department of Psychology, Poole House, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Dorset, Bournemouth, UK
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Varchetta M, Tagliaferri G, Mari E, Quaglieri A, Cricenti C, Martí-Vilar M. Cross-Cultural Examination of Problematic Internet Use and Associated Psychological Variables: A Comparative Study in Italy, Spain, Ecuador, and Peru. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3451. [PMID: 38929979 PMCID: PMC11204483 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Several studies focused on the escalating prevalence of Problematic Use of Internet (PUI) and its consequential impact on mental health globally. This study investigates the relationship between PUI and associated psychological variables across different cultural contexts in Italy, Spain, Ecuador, and Peru. Method: A total of 675 participants, aged 18 to 54 (M = 22.73; SD = 4.05), completed measures assessing Internet addiction, social media addiction, Fear of Missing Out, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Phubbing. Results: Significant cultural variations were found, with Italian participants showing higher levels of Internet addiction but lower levels of social media addiction compared to other countries. Fear of Missing Out was higher in Italy, while the Italian sample exhibited lower Internet Gaming Disorder levels compared to Peru. As regards the communication disturbance caused by Phubbing, the Italian sample demonstrated significantly higher scores than the Peruvian sample. Linear regression analyses revealed distinct predictors for problematic Internet use in each country, emphasizing the importance of considering the cultural context in understanding this phenomenon. Conclusions: These findings contribute valuable insights into the interplay of cultural factors, psychological variables, and problematic Internet use, guiding future research and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Varchetta
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (E.M.); (A.Q.); (C.C.)
| | - Ginevra Tagliaferri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (E.M.); (A.Q.); (C.C.)
| | - Emanuela Mari
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (E.M.); (A.Q.); (C.C.)
| | - Alessandro Quaglieri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (E.M.); (A.Q.); (C.C.)
- Faculty of Social and Communication Sciences, Universitas Mercatorum, Piazza Mattei 10, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Clarissa Cricenti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.T.); (E.M.); (A.Q.); (C.C.)
| | - Manuel Martí-Vilar
- Department of Basic Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Sier VQ, Bisset CN, Tesselaar DAJ, Schmitz RF, Schepers A, Moug SJ, van der Vorst JR. Dissecting the surgeon's personality: cross-cultural comparisons in Western Europe. Colorectal Dis 2024; 26:1239-1249. [PMID: 38687763 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM The surgeon's personality contributes to variation in surgical decision-making. Previous work on surgeon personality has largely been reserved to Anglo-Saxon studies, with limited international comparisons. In this work we built upon recent work on gastrointestinal surgeon personality and aimed to detect international variations. METHOD Gastrointestinal surgeons from the UK and the Netherlands were invited to participate in validated personality assessments (44-item, 60-item Big Five Inventory; BFI). These encompass personality using five domains (open-mindedness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and negative emotionality) with three subtraits each. Mean differences in domain factors were calculated between surgeon and nonsurgeon populations from normative data using independent-samples t-tests, adjusted for multiple testing. The items from the 44-item and 60-item BFI were compared between UK and Dutch surgeons and classified accordingly: identical (n = 16), analogous (n = 3), comparable (n = 12). RESULTS UK (n = 78, 61.5% male) and Dutch (n = 280, 65% male) gastrointestinal surgeons had marked differences in the domains of open-mindedness, extraversion and agreeableness compared with national normative datasets. Moreover, although surgeons had similar levels of emotional stability, country of work influenced differences in specific BFI items. For example, Netherlands-based surgeons scored highly on questions related to sociability and organization versus UK-based surgeons who scored highly on creative imagination (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In a first cross-cultural setting, we identified country-specific personality differences in gastrointestinal surgeon cohorts across domain and facet levels. Given the variation between Dutch and UK surgeons, understanding country-specific data could be useful in guiding personality research in healthcare. Furthermore, we advocate that future work adopts consensus usage of the five factor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Q Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C N Bisset
- Department of General Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - D A J Tesselaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R F Schmitz
- Department of Surgery, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - A Schepers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S J Moug
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, Scotland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Clydebank, Scotland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - J R van der Vorst
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Olasore HS, Oyedeji TA, Faleti JO, Ogundele OI, Olashore AA. Association between dopamine receptor D2 Taq IA gene polymorphism (rs1800497) and personality traits. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241241922. [PMID: 38751571 PMCID: PMC11095179 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241241922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to find a potential association between the DRD2 Taq1A gene polymorphism (rs1800497 C32806T) and personality traits. Methods In all, 249 youths were recruited for this study. The Short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to assess personality traits. The participants were genotyped for the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Statistical analysis was carried out to find a possible association between the genotypes and aspects of personality traits assessed. Results The frequencies of the A1 and A2 alleles in our sampled population were 215 (43.2%) and 283 (56.8%), while the frequencies of A1A1, A1A2, and A2A2 were 67 (26.9%), 81 (32.5%), and 101 (40.6%), respectively. The study population was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 = 17.64, p < 0.001). The A2 allele was significantly associated with extraversion. Although this allele was also associated with neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie, the association was not significant. Conclusion The A2 allele of the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism was found to be more associated with extraversion, as measured by the Short-form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holiness S.A Olasore
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tolulope A. Oyedeji
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O. Faleti
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Omobola I. Ogundele
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Anthony A. Olashore
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
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Iimura S, Yano K. The General Factor of Environmental Sensitivity: Relationships with the General Factor of Personality. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 22:14747049241254727. [PMID: 38780356 PMCID: PMC11119410 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241254727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental sensitivity is a meta-concept that describes individual differences in susceptibility to both positive and negative environmental influences and has been repeatedly reported to correlate with other established personality traits, including the Big Five. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the general factor of environmental sensitivity (GFS) and the general factor of personality (GFP). A total of 1,046 adult participants (52% female; Mage = 45.15, SDage = 12.70) completed a self-report psychological questionnaire on an online form. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that GFS had a strong negative correlation with GFP (r = -.41, 95% CI [-.52, -.30], p < .001). Focusing on the relationship with the Big Five, individuals with higher environmental sensitivity were emotionally unstable and introverted. The trait of environmental sensitivity may be described not only in relation to the Big Five but also in relation to GFP, which is assumed to be an indicator of social effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kosuke Yano
- National Institution for Youth Education, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Yaktine N, Fares S, Khoury SJ, Darwish H. Psychometric validation of the Arabic multiple sclerosis resiliency scale: Uncovering resilience factors in Lebanese MS patients for clinical and research advancements. eNeurologicalSci 2024; 34:100489. [PMID: 38162985 PMCID: PMC10755527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that involves the central nervous system (CNS). Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) may experience difficulty adapting to their diagnosis as the unpredictable nature of the disease can be challenging to cope with. Methods The purpose of this study is twofold. First, we have culturally adapted and analyzed the Arabic version of the Multiple Sclerosis Resiliency Scale (MSRS) psychometric properties. Second, we aimed to explore resilience in a sample of Lebanese patients with MS in the face of the chronic disease and financial hardship that Lebanon is going through to evaluate their strengths and struggles. The sample consisted of 306 participants aged between 18 and 79 diagnosed with MS for at least one year. Results After examining criterion validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability, the Arabic version of the MSRS exhibited good psychometric properties. The study also revealed that resilience increases with age and lower disability scores. Additionally, individuals with higher resilience levels displayed lower levels of depression. The research revealed that MS patients have high resilience, mainly relying on cognitive and emotional strategies, social support from family and friends, MS peer support, and spirituality. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of emotional coping strategies and social support in building resilience among MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Yaktine
- Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souha Fares
- Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samia J. Khoury
- Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hala Darwish
- School of Nursing and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls, Rm 4345, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
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Militaru IE, Serapio‐García G, Ebert T, Kong W, Gosling SD, Potter J, Rentfrow PJ, Götz FM. The lay of the land: Associations between environmental features and personality. J Pers 2024; 92:88-110. [PMID: 36776098 PMCID: PMC10952236 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality traits cluster across countries, regions, cities, and neighborhoods. What drives the formation of these clusters? Ecological theory suggests that physical locations shape humans' patterns of behaviors and psychological characteristics. Based on this theory, we examined whether and how differential land-cover relates to individual personality. METHOD We followed a preregistered three-pronged analysis approach to investigate the associations between personality (N = 2,690,878) and land-cover across the United States. We used eleven land-cover categories to classify landscapes and tested their association with personality against broad physical and socioeconomic factors. RESULTS Urban areas were positively associated with openness to experience and negatively associated with conscientiousness. Coastal areas were positively associated with openness to experience and neuroticism but negatively associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness. Cultivated areas were negatively associated with openness. Landscapes at the periphery of human activity, such as shrubs, bare lands, or permanent snows, were not reliably associated with personality traits. CONCLUSIONS Bivariate correlations, multilevel, and random forest models uncovered robust associations between landscapes and personality traits. These findings align with ecological theory suggesting that an individual's environment contributes to their behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tobias Ebert
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Wenyuan Kong
- School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Samuel D. Gosling
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- School of Psychological SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Friedrich M. Götz
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Noftle EE, Odagiri N, Johnson M, Arzaga A. Actual and volitional personality change across study abroad. J Pers 2024; 92:111-129. [PMID: 36221989 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to personality development theories, the dramatic environmental transition of study abroad may form a crucible for personality change. Location, social roles, and cultural familiarity suddenly shift, potentially disrupting old habits and creating new ones, building upon the typical maturation occurring during college age. The current study poses questions about selection and socialization effects of study abroad on personality, actual and volitional change in personality, and whether adjustment to study abroad catalyzes change. METHOD Longitudinal studies were conducted with Japanese students studying for one year in the USA (N = 300), and a comparison sample of students in an English-language program at their university in Japan (N = 108). Big Five personality traits and trait-relevant behavior were assessed at the beginning and end of the programs, along with three types of volitional change: expectations, perceptions, and desires. RESULTS Study abroad showed selection effects for higher Extraversion and Emotional Stability traits and developmental and socialization effects of increases in Openness behavior. Expected and perceived change corresponded with actual change (but desired change did not), and cultural adjustment predicted socially desirable trait-relevant behavior before students' return home. CONCLUSIONS Study abroad was revealed as an environment wherein students both subjectively experienced and actually demonstrated changes in trait-relevant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik E Noftle
- Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA
| | - Noriko Odagiri
- Department of Psychology, Tokyo International University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Maya Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew Arzaga
- Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, USA
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Esteban-Gonzalo S, Fernández-Gonzalo JC, González-Pascual JL, Bouzas-Mosquera C, Esteban-Gonzalo L. Personality and gender prototypes for predicting health: a multilevel and cluster analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:1-9. [PMID: 37923930 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies have identified that mentally healthy people tend to share common characteristics and common ways of coping with stressful life events; they show similar patterns of behavior and more flexible and adaptive social roles. The objectives of the study are to assess the influence of personality factors on gender roles and mental health, to identify personality patterns along with gender roles, and to assess the influence of the patterns identified on mental health. Data collection from a sample of 795 university students was carried out during 2019. Multilevel analyses tested the associations between gender (BSRI) and personality (TIPI) and between personality and health -mental health (GHQ12) and wellbeing (MHC-SF). Cluster analysis explored tendencies of gender and personality, and each cluster showed different health patterns. Individuals with high scores in extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, and very high agreeableness score, as well as high femininity and masculinity scores, presented a decreased psychological morbidity (β= -3.62, 0.57 (SE), p<0.001) and an increased well-being (β=7.68, 1.15 (SE), p<0.001). The most relevant indicators of mental health were identified in androgynous individuals, those individuals with high scores in masculinity and femininity, as well as high scores in extraversion, openness to experience, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Esteban-Gonzalo
- Department of Social, Work and Differential Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, Ctra. de Húmera, s/n 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Fernández-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Nursing Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo, s/n 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis González-Pascual
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Nursing Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Calle Tajo, s/n 28670, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bouzas-Mosquera
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Nursing Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de Carlos III, s/n 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Nursing Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain, Pl. de Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Ciydem E, Avci D, Uyar M, Seyhan A. Effect of Personality Traits and Emotion Regulation Strategies on Risky Behaviors in Adolescents. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024; 62:23-36. [PMID: 37646601 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20230818-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of personality traits and emotion regulation strategies on high-risk behaviors among adolescents (N = 1,572). This study used a cross-sectional and correlational research design. Multiple linear regression was used for analysis. A 1-unit increase in extraversion and neuroticism led to a 0.391- and 0.365-unit increase in high-risk behaviors, respectively. However, a 1-unit increase in agreeableness and conscientiousness led to a 0.307- and 0.365-unit decrease in high-risk behaviors, respectively (p < 0.05). A 1-unit increase in external and internal dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies led to a 1.34- and 0.548-unit increase in high-risk behaviors, respectively. However, a 1-unit increase in internal functional emotion regulation strategies led to a 0.641-unit decrease in high-risk behaviors (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that age, school type, sex, grade level, father's educational level, father's child-rearing style, and school performance were associated with more high-risk behaviors (p < 0.05). There were correlations between some personality traits, emotion regulation strategies, sociodemographic characteristics, and high-risk behaviors. Early intervention programs targeting dysfunctional personality traits and emotion regulation skills in adolescence may prevent the development of risky behaviors in adulthood. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62(2), 23-36.].
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Dimou K, Dragioti E, Tsitsas G, Mantzoukas S, Gouva M. Association of Personality Traits and Self-Care Behaviors in People With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e50714. [PMID: 38234931 PMCID: PMC10792707 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes self-care is critical for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and exploring the impact of personality traits on this domain remains pivotal. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality traits and various dimensions of self-care in people with T2DM. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA)-guided systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Twenty-three studies, that met our inclusion criteria, revealed distinct associations between certain personality traits and various aspects of self-care. Notably, traits such as openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness showed associations with improved foot care compliance (odds ratio (OR) = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.49-4.28; OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.10-3.08; and OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.23-3.48, respectively). Openness was also linked to better overall self-care behaviors (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.17-3.41), while conscientiousness correlated with reduced smoking (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99), and agreeableness was associated with improved medication adherence (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.34-2.31). Conversely, traits like extraversion and neuroticism showed associations with decreased medication adherence (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.61-0.96 and OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.40-0.65, respectively), with neuroticism additionally linked to lower overall self-care behaviors (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55-0.81). This study emphasizes the intricate role of personality traits in shaping self-care practices in individuals with T2DM, underscoring the significance of factoring these traits into tailoring and improving diabetes self-care strategies. Nevertheless, establishing definitive causal relationships mandates further in-depth longitudinal investigations and broader meta-analyses to achieve a more conclusive understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Dimou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Georgios Tsitsas
- Department of Economy and Sustainable Development, Harokopio University, Athens, GRC
| | - Stefanos Mantzoukas
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
| | - Mary Gouva
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, GRC
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13
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Bühler D, Sharma R, Stein W. The Big Five model in rural Southeast Asia: Validation, stability, and its role in household income. J Pers 2023; 91:1364-1380. [PMID: 36660803 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigate the applicability of the Big Five model in rural Southeast Asia and thereby challenge recent concerns about the validity of the model in developing countries. METHOD We use a novel data set on personality traits from rural Thailand and Vietnam (N = 3811 individuals). In our analysis, we (i) assess the factor structure of the data, (ii) test the internal consistency of the items, (iii) compare the traits across two consecutive survey waves, and (iv) employ regressions to demonstrate the economic relevance of the traits. RESULTS The results demonstrate a five-factor structure that fits the Big Five model. We observe changes in personality traits over time but Cohen's d coefficients only range between 0.06 and 0.21. The average rank-order stability, measured by the test-retest correlation of the Big Five between the two consecutive waves, lies at 0.21. Individual changes in personality traits over time relate to experienced shocks and appear to be largely independent of age, gender, and education. We further find that openness and emotional stability positively correlate with rural incomes. CONCLUSIONS While there is skepticism, pertaining to the use of personality trait models in developing countries, our study demonstrates that their importance and usage cannot be rejected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Bühler
- Regional Development and Energy, Bavarian Ministry for Economic Affairs, Munich, Germany
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rasadhika Sharma
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Economics and World Trade, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Stein
- Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Germany
- German Institute for Development Evaluation (DEval), Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Economic Policy & RTG 1723 Globalization and Development, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Du X, Liu X, Zhao Y, Wang S. Psychometric testing of the 10-item perceived stress scale for Chinese nurses. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:430. [PMID: 37964241 PMCID: PMC10647153 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01602-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses bear a lot of stressors at work. The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) is a widely used self-reported scale for measuring the global perception of stress. However, there is a lack of use of the PSS-10 in Chinese nurses. This study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the PSS-10 among Chinese nurses. METHODS A total of 708 Chinese nurses completed the PSS-10, the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the factor structure of the PSS-10. Cronbach's α and test-retest correlation examined the scale reliability. Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses tested the convergent, discriminant and criterion validity of the PSS-10. RESULTS CFA revealed that a two-factor model fits the structure of the PSS-10 in Chinese nurses (χ2/df = 6.25, p < 0.001; comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.94, non-normal fit index [NNFI] = 0.92, Tucker-Lewis index [TLI] = 0.91, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.08, standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.05). The scale demonstrated adequate internal consistency (α = 0.86) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.66, p < 0.001), satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity with relations to Big Five personalities, as well as good criterion validity such that the PSS-10 score could explain incremental variance in predicting anxiety, depression and stress. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PSS-10 is a reliable and valid measure of perceived stress among Chinese nurses and can be used in future research and practice on stress management and coping in Chinese nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Du
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Education and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Martin SR, Heyming T, Morphew T, Sayrs L, Fortier MA, Sanger T, Kain ZN. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric healthcare burnout in acute care: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1771-1778. [PMID: 37301924 PMCID: PMC10257162 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant challenges that may have exacerbated healthcare worker (HCW) burnout. To date, assessments of burnout during COVID-19 pandemic have been cross-sectional, limiting our understanding of changes in burnout. This longitudinal study assessed change across time in pediatric HCW burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether demographic and psychological factors were associated with changes in burnout. METHODS This longitudinal study included 162 physicians, physician assistants, nurses, and medical technicians within the emergency department (ED), intensive care, perioperative, and inter-hospital transport services in a children's hospital. HCW demographics, anxiety and personality traits were reported via validated measures. HCWs completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory in April 2020 and March 2021. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS The percentage of HCWs reporting high emotional exhaustion and/or depersonalization burnout increased significantly across time (18.5% to 28.4%, P = 0.010). Factors associated with increased emotional exhaustion included working in the ED (P = 0.011) or perioperative department (P < 0.001), being a nurse or medical technician (P's < 0.001), not having children (P < 0.001), and low conscientiousness (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pediatric HCW burnout significantly increased over 11-months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results suggest that certain demographic and psychological factors may represent potential area to target for intervention for future pandemics. IMPACT This longitudinal study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on pediatric healthcare worker burnout. The percentage of healthcare workers reporting high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization burnout increased significantly over 11-months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results suggest that certain demographic and psychological factors may represent potential targets for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Theodore Heyming
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tricia Morphew
- Morphew Consulting, LLC, Bothell, WA, USA
- Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lois Sayrs
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michelle A Fortier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Zeev N Kain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
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16
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Fowers BJ, Novak LF, Kiknadze NC, Selim M. Is the concept of personality capacious enough to incorporate virtues? Front Psychol 2023; 14:1232637. [PMID: 37705950 PMCID: PMC10495770 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1232637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We will consider four answers to the question about whether the concept of personality is capacious enough to incorporate virtues. The simplest is that the concept of personality encompasses all individual variations in persons. It follows from this answer that virtues would, as individual differences, be incorporated into personality. Unfortunately, definitions of personality do not always invoke such capaciousness, and, in practice, most scholars limit their work to the Big Five or HEXACO models, which do not incorporate virtues. The second answer is that the concept of personality incorporates all trait or dimension level variations across persons, with some exceptions, such as intelligence, attachment style, and psychopathy. Following this definition, virtues, as traits, would be incorporated into such a broad definition of personality. Unfortunately, the boundaries for inclusion and exclusion into personality are fuzzy in this case, and there is no extant definition of personality that solves this problem. The third answer is that personality traits and virtue traits are similar, but distinct concepts. This article presents conceptual and empirical arguments for this similarity in seeing traits as a higher order concept that includes the species of personality and the species of virtue. The fourth answer is that personality and virtue are unrelated. This answer is dismissed because there are many studies that indicate that they are correlated, and few advocate such a clear differentiation. The conclusion is that, pending conceptual and empirical results indicating otherwise, the genus-species relationship seems most fitting where traits are a genus, and personality and virtue are each a species within that genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine J. Fowers
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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17
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Kövi Z, Wongpakaran T, Wongpakaran N, Zábó V, Birkás B, Mirnics Z. Comparison of typical Thai and Hungarian personality profiles using the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13508. [PMID: 37598240 PMCID: PMC10439948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare typical Thai and Hungarian personality profiles of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ). 672 Thai and 647 Hungarian were included in our study. The distribution of age, gender and education level were matched. The ZKA-PQ was administered that measures Aggression, Extraversion, Activity, Sensation Seeking and Neuroticism. We tested reliability, the structural invariance and analyzed aggregated mean profiles for cultures as well as typical profiles by cluster analyses. Reliability of factors were acceptable in both cultures, but some facets (especially AC3 Restlessness) showed low reliability. The global Tucker's coefficient of congruence (TCC) for cross-cultural factorial invariance was 95. We have also run a Multigroup Confirmatory Factor Analysis, but fit indices were not adequate. Cross-cultural neural network invariance was not met either. Hungarians scored significantly higher on Extraversion, Sensation Seeking, Aggression and Activity. Cluster-analyses revealed six typical profiles: Introverted impulsive, Reserved, Resilients, Overcontrolled, Aggressive impulsive and Positive sensation seeker. Majority of first two clusters were Thai respondents, majority for last two clusters were Hungarians. In sum, there were some cross-cultural congruence in factor structure, but strict invariance was not fulfilled. Comparison of mean profiles remain tentative, but cluster analysis revealed cross-cultural differences in typical profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kövi
- Centre of Specialist Postgraduate Programmes in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, 1037, Hungary
| | - Tinakon Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawarorot Rd., T. Sriphoom, A. Meung Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Nahathai Wongpakaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawarorot Rd., T. Sriphoom, A. Meung Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Virág Zábó
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1075, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1075, Hungary
| | - Béla Birkás
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Mirnics
- Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, 1037, Hungary
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18
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Fukuzaki T, Iwata N. The impact of negative and positive affectivity on the relationship between work-related psychological factors and work engagement in Japanese workers: a comparison of psychological distress. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:219. [PMID: 37537671 PMCID: PMC10401739 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous study has shown that Japanese individuals generally exhibit behavior that suppresses the expression of positive emotions, which are strongly affected by affectivity traits. In the present study, to clarify the relationship between affectivity traits and work engagement (WE) or work-related psychosocial factors among Japanese workers, we compared it to the association between psychological distress and these same factors. METHODS A total of 1,000 full-time Japanese regular workers responded to an online survey that measured demographic variables, negative and positive affectivity, job demands and resources, WE, and psychological distress. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted separately, which used WE and psychological distress as dependent variables. RESULTS The proportion of variance explained by negative and positive affectivity was lower for WE than for psychological distress. However, the proportion of variance defined by job demands and resources was higher for WE than for psychological distress. The proportion of variance explained by all variables for negative and positive affectivity and job demands and resources, and their interactions was approximately equal for WE and psychological distress. CONCLUSION These results emphasize when researchers aim to evaluate the change of psychosocial factors in the workplace, such as improving the workplace environment among Japanese workers, it might be beneficial to measure positive indicators in addition to negative indicators. Furthermore, enriching job resources would be effective in improving WE and alleviating psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Fukuzaki
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Yonago, 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Noboru Iwata
- Psychosocial Epidemiology, Graduate School of Nursing, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, 321-0293, Japan
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19
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Alemdağ M, Cangi ME, Yılmaz G. Effects of Speech and Language Therapists' Personality Traits and Cognitive Emotion Regulation on the Perceptual Evaluation of Dysphonia. J Voice 2023:S0892-1997(23)00171-6. [PMID: 37482518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As in many health care fields, it is essential to establish clinical standards for voice assessments; however, some individual characteristics of clinicians, such as their personalities, may affect assessment reliability. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between the personality traits and cognitive emotion regulation strategies of speech-language therapists (SLTs) and their GRBAS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) scoring. METHOD The study group comprised 33 SLTs and 9 women with dysphonia. The Five-Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) were used to assess SLTs' psychological traits. The SLTs evaluated the acoustic recordings of sustained vowel phonation /a/ obtained from individuals with dysphonia, using the GRBAS scale. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess inter-rater reliability, and Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships among the variables. RESULTS The findings revealed that the FFPI dimensions were weakly and significantly related to Grade (G) and Strain (S). In the maladaptive dimensions, with an increase in the scores of the neuroticism dimension of FPPI and the catastrophizing dimension of CERQ, the SLTs gave significantly higher scores to Grade (G). In addition, with an increase in the score of rumination or focus on thought, the SLTs perceived Strain (S) more negatively. Consistent with these findings, in the adaptive dimensions, the SLTs gave higher scores to Grade (G) as the positive refocusing and positive reappraisal scores decreased. CONCLUSION The findings of this study showed that, as some maladaptive aspects of personality and cognitive emotion regulation increased and adaptive aspects decreased, the SLTs' perceptions of Grade (G) and Strain (S) became more negative. Additionally, these results suggested the possibility of advanced confounding variables beyond primary factors, such as training and experience in the perceptual voice assessment of the SLTs, and the importance of standardizing professional practices, such as the observation and supervision of experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafacan Alemdağ
- Speech and Language Therapy Department, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - M Emrah Cangi
- Speech and Language Therapy Department, University of Health Sciences, Turkey, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Göksu Yılmaz
- Speech and Language Therapy Department, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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20
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Dubourg E, Thouzeau V, de Dampierre C, Mogoutov A, Baumard N. Exploratory preferences explain the human fascination for imaginary worlds in fictional stories. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8657. [PMID: 37246187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaginary worlds are present and often central in many of the most culturally successful modern narrative fictions, be it in novels (e.g., Harry Potter), movies (e.g., Star Wars), video games (e.g., The Legend of Zelda), graphic novels (e.g., One Piece) and TV series (e.g., Game of Thrones). We propose that imaginary worlds are popular because they activate exploratory preferences that evolved to help us navigate the real world and find new fitness-relevant information. Therefore, we hypothesize that the attraction to imaginary worlds is intrinsically linked to the desire to explore novel environments and that both are influenced by the same underlying factors. Notably, the inter-individual and cross-cultural variability of the preference for imaginary worlds should follow the inter-individual and cross-cultural variability of exploratory preferences (with the personality trait Openness-to-experience, age, sex, and ecological conditions). We test these predictions with both experimental and computational methods. For experimental tests, we run a pre-registered online experiment about movie preferences (N = 230). For computational tests, we leverage two large cultural datasets, namely the Internet Movie Database (N = 9424 movies) and the Movie Personality Dataset (N = 3.5 million participants), and use machine-learning algorithms (i.e., random forest and topic modeling). In all, consistent with how the human preference for spatial exploration adaptively varies, we provide empirical evidence that imaginary worlds appeal more to more explorative people, people higher in Openness-to-experience, younger individuals, males, and individuals living in more affluent environments. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the cultural evolution of narrative fiction and, more broadly, the evolution of human exploratory preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Dubourg
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Valentin Thouzeau
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charles de Dampierre
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Andrei Mogoutov
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Baumard
- Institut Jean Nicod, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole normale supérieure, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS, Paris, France
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21
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Fischer R, Karl JA. Niche diversity effects on personality measurement - evidence from large national samples during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT RESEARCH IN ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 4:100116. [PMID: 37215161 PMCID: PMC10171895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report systematic variability in the psychometric properties of a brief personality inventory during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing upon recent discussions about the universality vs cultural relativism of personality measures, we review and comparatively test theories predicting systematic variability in personality measurement across cultures using an established brief personality measure applied to population samples in 16 nations during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 35,052). We found systematic variation in factor replicability and effective dimensionality. In line with previous theorizing, factors replicated better in contexts with greater niche diversity. Examining possible drivers underlying this association, the investigation of the individual components in the niche construction index suggested that life expectancy and to a lesser degree economic complexity are associated with greater personality structure differentiation. Population-level indicators of acute threat due to COVID-19 did not show credible effects. These patterns suggest that a) investigation of personality structure in population samples can provide useful insights into personality dynamics, b) socioecological factors have a systematic impact on survey responses, but c) we also need better theorizing and research about both personality and culture to understand how niche construction dynamics operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Fischer
- Institute D'Or for Research and Teaching, Brazil
- Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand
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22
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Kang W, Steffens F, Pineda S, Widuch K, Malvaso A. Personality traits and dimensions of mental health. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7091. [PMID: 37127723 PMCID: PMC10151354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals are different in a relatively constant pattern of thoughts, feeling, and behaviors, which are called personality traits. Mental health is a condition of well-being in which people may reach their full potential and deal effectively with stress, work efficiently, and contribute to their communities. Indeed, the link between personality and mental health as indicated by the 12-item version of the general health questionnaires (GHQ-12) has been well-established according to evidence found by decades of research. However, the GHQ-12 comprises many questions asking about different dimensions of mental health. It is unclear how personality traits relate to these dimensions of mental health. In this paper, we try to address this question. We analyzed data from 12,007 participants from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS) using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and generalized linear models. We replicated the factor structure of GHQ-12 labeled as GHQ-12A (social dysfunction & anhedonia; 6 items), GHQ-12B (depression & anxiety; 4 items), and GHQ-12C (loss of confidence; 2 items). Moreover, Neuroticism was positively related to all dimensions of mental health issues, Extraversion was negatively related to GHQ-12A (social dysfunction & anhedonia) and GHQ-12B (depression & anxiety), Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were negatively related to GHQ-12A (social dysfunction & anhedonia) and GHQ-12C (loss of confidence), and Openness was negatively related to GHQ-12B (depression & anxiety). These results contribute to theories including the predisposition/vulnerability model, complication/scar model, pathoplasty/exacerbation model, and the spectrum model, which propose that personality traits are linked to mental health and explained possible reasons. Psychologists may use results from this study to identify individuals who may be at high risk of developing various non-psychiatric mental health issues and intervene to avoid negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Kang
- Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, 3rd floor Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | | | - Sònia Pineda
- TecnoCampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Malvaso
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, National Neurological Institute, IRCCS "C. Mondino" Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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23
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Takemoto A, Aispuriete I, Niedra L, Dreimane LF. Differentiating depression using facial expressions in a virtual avatar communication system. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1080023. [PMID: 36969955 PMCID: PMC10036904 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1080023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has a major effect on the quality of life. Thus, identifying an effective way to detect depression is important in the field of human-machine interaction. To examine whether a combination of a virtual avatar communication system and facial expression monitoring potentially classifies people as being with or without depression, this study consists of three research aims; 1) to understand the effect of different types of interviewers such as human and virtual avatars, on people with depression symptoms, 2) to clarify the effect of neutral conversation topics on facial expressions and emotions in people with depression symptoms, and 3) to compare verbal and non-verbal information between people with or without depression. In this study, twenty-seven participants—fifteen in the control group and twelve in the depression symptoms group—were recruited. They were asked to talk to a virtual avatar and human interviewers on both neutral and negative conversation topics and to score PANAS; meanwhile, facial expressions were recorded by a web camera. Facial expressions were analyzed by both manual and automatic analyses. In the manual analysis, three annotators counted gaze directions and reacting behaviors. On the other hand, automatic facial expression detection was conducted using OpenFace. The results of PANAS suggested that there was no significance between different interviewers’ types. Furthermore, in the control group, the frequency of look-downward was larger in negative conversation topics than in neutral conversation topics. The intensity of Dimpler was larger in the control group than in the depression symptoms group. Moreover, the intensity of Chin Raiser was larger in neutral conversation topics than in negative conversation topics in the depression symptoms group. However, in the control groups, there was no significance in the types of conversation topics. In conclusion, 1) there was no significance between human and virtual avatar interviewers in emotions, facial expressions, and eye gaze patterns, 2) neutral conversation topics induced less negative emotion in both the control and depression symptoms group, and 3) different facial expressions’ patterns between people with, or without depression, were observed in the virtual avatar communication system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takemoto
- Faculty of Computing, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: Ayumi Takemoto
| | - Inese Aispuriete
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology and the Arts, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laima Niedra
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Psychology and the Arts, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
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Bales KL, Hang S, Paulus JP, Jahanfard E, Manca C, Jost G, Boyer C, Bern R, Yerumyan D, Rogers S, Mederos SL. Individual differences in social homeostasis. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1068609. [PMID: 36969803 PMCID: PMC10036751 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1068609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of “social homeostasis”, introduced by Matthews and Tye in 2019, has provided a framework with which to consider our changing individual needs for social interaction, and the neurobiology underlying this system. This model was conceived as including detector systems, a control center with a setpoint, and effectors which allow us to seek out or avoid additional social contact. In this article, we review and theorize about the many different factors that might contribute to the setpoint of a person or animal, including individual, social, cultural, and other environmental factors. We conclude with a consideration of the empirical challenges of this exciting new model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, >Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Karen L. Bales
| | - Sally Hang
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John P. Paulus
- Graduate Group in Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Elaina Jahanfard
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Claudia Manca
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Geneva Jost
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chase Boyer
- Graduate Group in Human Development, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rose Bern
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Daniella Yerumyan
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sophia Rogers
- Graduate Group in Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina L. Mederos
- Graduate Group in Animal Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Monaghan C, Bizumic B. Dimensional models of personality disorders: Challenges and opportunities. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1098452. [PMID: 36960458 PMCID: PMC10028270 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Categorical models of personality disorders have been beneficial throughout psychiatric history, providing a mechanism for organizing and communicating research and treatment. However, the view that individuals with personality disorders are qualitatively distinct from the general population is no longer tenable. This perspective has amassed steady criticism, ranging from inconsequential to irreconcilable. In response, stronger evidence has been accumulated in support of a dimensional perspective that unifies normal and pathological personality on underlying trait continua. Contemporary nosology has largely shifted toward this dimensional perspective, yet broader adoption within public lexicon and routine clinical practice appears slow. This review focuses on challenges and the related opportunities of moving toward dimensional models in personality disorder research and practice. First, we highlight the need for ongoing development of a broader array of measurement methods, ideally facilitating multimethod assessments that reduce biases associated with any single methodology. These efforts should also include measurement across both poles of each trait, intensive longitudinal studies, and more deeply considering social desirability. Second, wider communication and training in dimensional approaches is needed for individuals working in mental health. This will require clear demonstrations of incremental treatment efficacy and structured public health rebates. Third, we should embrace cultural and geographic diversity, and investigate how unifying humanity may reduce the stigma and shame currently generated by arbitrarily labeling an individual's personality as normal or abnormal. This review aims to organize ongoing research efforts toward broader and routine usage of dimensional perspectives within research and clinical spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conal Monaghan
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Mamcarz P, Droździel P, Madleňák R, Pukalskas S, Gwiazdowska-Stańczak S. Does Mindfulness Mediate the Relation between Impulsiveness and Job Stressfulness Perception of Professional Drivers? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4559. [PMID: 36901569 PMCID: PMC10002285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Professional driving is a stressful occupation that requires high levels of attention and decision-making, often leading to job stress. Impulsiveness, a personality trait characterized by a tendency to act without forethought, has been associated with negative outcomes such as anxiety, stress, and risky behaviors. Mindfulness has been proposed as a potential strategy for reducing job stress in various occupational settings. However, little is known about the relationship between these variables. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between impulsiveness and job stressfulness perception among professional drivers. (2) Methods: A total of 258 professional drivers from Poland, Lithuania, and Slovakia, have completed self-report questionnaires: Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy; Subjective Assessment of Work; Five Facet Mindfulness. (3) Results: Results indicated a positive correlation between impulsiveness and job stressfulness perception, and a negative correlation with mindfulness. Mindfulness partially mediated the relationship between impulsiveness and job stressfulness perception. Additionally, variations were identified in the perceived work environment factors and mindfulness among drivers based on their country of origin. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that mindfulness could be a useful approach for reducing job stressfulness perception among professional drivers with high levels of impulsiveness. Given the implications of job stressfulness for professional drivers' health and safety, developing mindfulness interventions tailored to their specific needs could be a promising direction for future research and intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mamcarz
- Department of Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, al. Racławickie 14, 20-022 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Droździel
- Department of Sustainable Transportation and Energy Sources, Politechnika Lubelska, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radovan Madleňák
- Department of Communications, Žilinská Univerzita V Žiline, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Saugirdas Pukalskas
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas, J. Basanavičiaus g. 28, 03224 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sylwia Gwiazdowska-Stańczak
- Department of Educational and Family Psychology, Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, al. Racławickie 14, 20-022 Lublin, Poland
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Tucaković L, Nedeljković B. From the BFI-44 to BFI-20: Psychometric Properties of the Short Form of the Big Five Inventory. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231161754. [PMID: 36861775 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231161754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The Big Five Inventory (BFI-44) has been a useful tool for researchers for over three decades. However, the contemporary way of life has created the need for abbreviated versions of psychological instruments. We derived the number of items from the BFI-44 questionnaire in order to create a short form of the questionnaire (BFI-20). In the first study (N = 1350, 82.4% females, aged 18-60), using a range of criteria, we identified 20 items (four for each of the Big Five traits) that most optimally represent each dimension. The five-factor structure was mostly replicated in the second (N = 215, 65.1% females, aged 18-65) and third study (N = 263, 83.7% females, aged 18-42). The BFI-20 demonstrated satisfactory reliability, representativeness, homogeneity, and part-whole convergence. Despite mild attenuation, most BFI-20 correlations with schizotypy, satisfaction with life, and positive orientation remained in the same range compared to the BFI-44. The Agreeableness domain was shown to be the most challenging for capturing with four items. We discuss the advantages of our BFI-20 compared to the other two 20-item versions. In sum, we can recommend the use of this BFI-20 version as a time-efficient, satisfactory reliable, and representative questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Tucaković
- Department of Psychology and Laboratory for the Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, 186114University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Boban Nedeljković
- Department of Psychology and Laboratory for the Research of Individual Differences, Faculty of Philosophy, 186114University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Welfare Economics Department, Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
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Martin SR, Heyming TW, Fortier MA, Jenkins B, Ahn K, Cappon JP, Kain ZN. Do Pediatrician Interpersonal and Personality Characteristics Affect Patient Experience? Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:336-342. [PMID: 35768033 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous studies have demonstrated associations between patient experience scores and physician's demographic characteristics such as gender and race. There is a paucity of data, however, on the effect of broader pediatrician characteristics on caregivers' experience of their children's care. This study assessed pediatric caregiver experience of care ratings within a children's hospital and examined the effects of pediatricians' interpersonal and personality traits on caregiver experience ratings. METHODS This cross-sectional study included caregivers of children under 18 years old (n = 26,703) and physicians within children's hospital system (n = 65). Caregivers of children who received care from 2017 to 2019 provided their rating (0-10) of care experience via the standardized National Research Corporation Health Survey. Top box provider ratings were used for analyses. Physician's interpersonal and personality data were collected. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were used to examine the effects of physician interpersonal characteristics (empathy, compassion) and personality (perfectionism, Big Five personality traits [openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism]) on experience of care rating. RESULTS The odds of caregivers of Spanish-speaking children to provide a high physician rating were 75% higher than the odds for non-Spanish-speaking patients. At the physician level, lower agreeableness (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, P = .002), and lower narcissistic perfectionism (OR = 0.98, P = .016) were associated with an increased likelihood of a high care experience rating. The odds of nonemergency medicine pediatricians receiving high ratings were approximately 4.17 times higher than that of EM pediatricians. CONCLUSIONS Current results may inform future interventions that address pediatrician personality characteristics associated with caregivers of children experience outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, K Ahn, and ZN Kain); Children's Hospital of Orange County (SR Martin, TW Heyming, MA Fortier, JP Cappon, and ZN Kain), Orange, Calif; Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, and ZN Kain)
| | - Theodore W Heyming
- Children's Hospital of Orange County (SR Martin, TW Heyming, MA Fortier, JP Cappon, and ZN Kain), Orange, Calif
| | - Michelle A Fortier
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, K Ahn, and ZN Kain); Children's Hospital of Orange County (SR Martin, TW Heyming, MA Fortier, JP Cappon, and ZN Kain), Orange, Calif; Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, and ZN Kain); Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine (MA Fortier)
| | - Brooke Jenkins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, K Ahn, and ZN Kain); Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, and ZN Kain); Department of Psychology, Chapman University (B Jenkins), Orange, Calif
| | - Kyle Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, K Ahn, and ZN Kain)
| | - James P Cappon
- Children's Hospital of Orange County (SR Martin, TW Heyming, MA Fortier, JP Cappon, and ZN Kain), Orange, Calif
| | - Zeev N Kain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, K Ahn, and ZN Kain); Children's Hospital of Orange County (SR Martin, TW Heyming, MA Fortier, JP Cappon, and ZN Kain), Orange, Calif; Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine (SR Martin, MA Fortier, B Jenkins, and ZN Kain); Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine (ZN Kain), New Haven, Conn.
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López-Fernández A, Villacampa G, Salinas M, Grau E, Darder E, Carrasco E, Solanes A, Velasco A, Torres M, Munté E, Iglesias S, Torres-Esquius S, Tuset N, Diez O, Lázaro C, Brunet J, Corbella S, Balmaña J. Role of psychological background in cancer susceptibility genetic testing distress: It is not only about a positive result. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 36748747 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and familial factors predict psychological distress after genetic testing for cancer susceptibility. However, the contribution of an individual's psychological background to such distress is unclear. This study aims to analyze the psychological impact of genetic testing and to identify the profile of individuals at higher risk. This is a longitudinal multicenter study of individuals undergoing genetic testing for cancer susceptibility. Demographic, clinical, genetic, familial, and psychological (personality types, cancer worry) characteristics were assessed by validated questionnaires the day of genetic testing. Distress, uncertainty, and positive experience perception (MICRA scale) were evaluated at the results disclosure visit, and 3 and 12 months afterwards. Multivariate analysis was performed. A total of 714 individuals were included. A high neuroticism score, high baseline cancer worry, and a positive genetic test result were independently associated with higher psychological impact (p-value < 0.05). The highest risk profile (10% of the cohort) included women with high level of neuroticism and a positive result. Uncertainty was mainly associated with a high level of neuroticism, regardless of the genetic test result. A holistic approach to personalized germline genetic counseling should include the assessment of personality dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià López-Fernández
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Genetic and Microbiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mònica Salinas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elia Grau
- Genetic and Microbiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Darder
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Estela Carrasco
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ares Solanes
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Velasco
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Josep Trueta University Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBGI, Girona, Spain
| | - Maite Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Munté
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Iglesias
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Torres-Esquius
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Tuset
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Lleida, Spain
| | - Orland Diez
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Area of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Duran i Reynals Hospital, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Sciences Dpt. School of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Corbella
- School of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University - Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Balmaña
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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Rodriguez TR, Anestis JC. An Initial Examination of Mental Healthcare Providers’ Big 5 Personality and Their Preferences for Clients. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-022-00700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Trinajstic Zrinski M, Pavlic A, Katic V, Spalj S. Effect of personality traits on the association between clinically assessed malocclusion and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:62-71. [PMID: 35445536 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess whether personality traits affect the relationship between malocclusion and the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics and whether they act as its mediators or moderators. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION The cross-sectional study included 252 participants with permanent dentition (62% female) aged 12-39 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Big Five Inventory, the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need were used. Moderation and mediation were tested by hierarchical stepwise multiple linear regression. RESULTS Malocclusion was the most significant predictor of dental self-confidence (DSC), aesthetic concern (AC), social impact (SI) and psychological impact (PI), accounting for 12%-28% of respective variability (P < .05). Adult age, male sex and higher neuroticism and agreeableness were additional predictors of higher DSC (P < .05). Adolescent age was a predictor of higher AC, SI and PI, and female sex of higher AC and PI (P < .05). Mediation by personality traits was not proven, however, openness, agreeableness and neuroticism were moderators. A tendency of decrease in AC was associated with an increase in malocclusion complexity in adolescents lower in openness and decrease in SI in adolescents with lower agreeableness. There was also a tendency of higher increase of AC associated with an increase of malocclusion degree in adults higher in neuroticism. CONCLUSION In adolescents, openness and agreeableness moderate the relationship between malocclusion and AC and SI, respectively. Neuroticism is a moderator of the association between malocclusion and AC in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrej Pavlic
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Visnja Katic
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stjepan Spalj
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Rijeka Faculty of Dental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
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Vermeulen N. Neuroticism predicts national vaccination rates across 56 countries. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-6. [PMID: 36713618 PMCID: PMC9859739 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quite strikingly, there is significant variation in Covid-19 vaccine coverage around the world. Some countries do not progress from around 2-3% while others are close to 100% coverage. In addition to some already known economic, health and sociodemographic predictors, the present research is interested in emotional factors that may predict a significant part of this cross-country variation. We examined the personality factor Neuroticism, which corresponds to the relatively stable tendency to experience negative emotions, anxiety and low tolerance for stress. Results confirm that gross domestic product represents around 50 percent of cross-country variation. Neuroticism added 6 to 9 percent of inter-country variation in vaccination coverage. The results are discussed in relation to the associations between Neuroticism, increased worry, greater attention to Covid-19 related information and confidence, as well as lower vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Vermeulen
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium and Fund for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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Lu JG, Benet-Martínez V, Wang LC. A Socioecological-Genetic Framework of Culture and Personality: Their Roots, Trends, and Interplay. Annu Rev Psychol 2023; 74:363-390. [PMID: 36100248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-032420-032631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Culture and personality are two central topics in psychology. Individuals are culturally influenced influencers of culture, yet the research linking culture and personality has been limited and fragmentary. We integrate the literatures on culture and personality with recent advances in socioecology and genetics to formulate the Socioecological-Genetic Framework of Culture and Personality. Our framework not only delineates the mutual constitution of culture and personality but also sheds light on (a) the roots of culture and personality, (b) how socioecological changes partly explain temporal trends in culture and personality, and (c) how genes and culture/socioecology interact to influence personality (i.e., nature × nurture interactions). By spotlighting the roles of socioecology and genetics, our integrative framework advances the understanding of culture and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson G Lu
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; ,
| | - Verónica Benet-Martínez
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; .,Catalonian Institution for Advanced Research and Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Changlan Wang
- MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; ,
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Ye X, Wang Q, Pan Y. The impact of head teacher praise and criticism on adolescent non-cognitive skills: Evidence from China. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1021032. [PMID: 36687861 PMCID: PMC9853551 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the importance of teacher feedback has been confirmed by a great number of studies, the association of head teacher praise and criticism with adolescents' non-cognitive skills still needs more deeper and more extensive research. Therefore, how to improve the non-cognitive skills of adolescents, especially those with disadvantaged family and economic backgrounds, has become a key concern in the field of educational practice. Methods Based on CEPS data, this paper used panel regression and PSM-DID methods to analyze the impact of head teacher feedback on an adolescent's non-cognitive skills measured by the big-five personality scale. Results It found that praise from head teachers favorably influenced adolescents' extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness, yet significantly mitigates their neuroticism. Meanwhile, the effect of criticism from head teachers is bi-facial: It made a positive effect on adolescents' extraversion and openness but impaired their conscientiousness and neuroticism. As rural adolescents notably lag in their non-cognitive skills and are much less likely to be praised by head teachers compared to their urban peers, we estimate that when rural adolescents are frequently praised by their head teachers at the same level as urban students, their gap in extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and conscientiousness would be narrowed by 12.51%, 16.58%, 11.35%, 14.25%, and 24.29%. This finding has significant implications for head teacher teaching and adolescent well-being. Conclusions The study examined the effects of head teacher praise and criticism on adolescent non-cognitive skills. The results showed that adolescents who were often praised by head teachers developed better non-cognitive skills. While the effect of head teacher criticism was two-sided: it enhances extraversion and openness as well as heightens neuroticism and corrupts conscientiousness. We further analyzed the urban-rural gap in non-cognitive skills and found that rural adolescents significantly lagged, and they have a lower possibility to be often praised by the head teacher, but a higher probability to be criticized. Through the PSM-DID quasi-experimental design, it was suggested that more head teacher praise can improve the non-cognitive skills among adolescents. When rural adolescents are estimated to receive the same amount of praise as urban adolescents, the disparities reduction in their non-cognitive skills can become possible. Our findings are of great significance to promote adolescent non-cognitive skills development and improve educational equity in urban and rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Ye
- National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiran Wang
- School of Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qiran Wang,
| | - Yiming Pan
- Shenzhen Foreign Languages School, Shenzhen, China
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Kumar VV, Tankha G. Association Between the Big Five and Trait Emotional Intelligence Among College Students. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:915-925. [PMID: 36974037 PMCID: PMC10039665 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Personality traits are relatively stable and may influence various aspects of human behavior. Trait emotional intelligence (Trait EI) presents the non-cognitive element of intelligence. Trait EI also enables individuals to deal with different stressors of life. Thus, understanding the relationship between personality traits and Trait EI can be beneficial. The current study explores the role of the big five personality factors in influencing Trait EI. Methods The study included three hundred and twenty university students from a multidisciplinary Indian university. They were administered the Trait EI questionnaire-short form (TEIQue-SF) and the big five inventory (BFI-44). A cross-sectional design with non-probability sampling was used for the current study. Results Findings of the study show that the big five have a significant relationship with global Trait EI, as the big five traits contributed to a 42.7% variance in predicting global Trait EI. Neuroticism was the foremost predictor of global Trait EI. Concerning Trait EI factors, neuroticism, and conscientiousness contributed to all except emotionality. All big five traits except agreeableness influenced well-being and sociability. Neuroticism and conscientiousness predicted self-control. However, agreeableness and extraversion predicted emotionality. Conclusion There is a close association between personality traits and Trait EI. However, the relationship is incremental as the big five traits jointly influence the global Trait EI more than individually on the four factors. The study's findings may enable psychologists, counselors, and other mental health professionals to develop training programs for college students to enhance emotional stability and the ability to deal with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vineeth Kumar
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Geetika Tankha
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Correspondence: Geetika Tankha, Department of Psychology, School of Humanities & Social Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur-Ajmer Express Highway, Dehmi Kalan, Near GVK Toll Plaza, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India, Tel +91-141-3999100-241, Email
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Martin JS, Jaeggi AV, Koski SE. The social evolution of individual differences: Future directions for a comparative science of personality in social behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 144:104980. [PMID: 36463970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Personality is essential for understanding the evolution of cooperation and conflict in behavior. However, personality science remains disconnected from the field of social evolution, limiting our ability to explain how personality and plasticity shape phenotypic adaptation in social behavior. Researchers also lack an integrative framework for comparing personality in the contextualized and multifaceted behaviors central to social interactions among humans and other animals. Here we address these challenges by developing a social evolutionary approach to personality, synthesizing theory, methods, and organizing questions in the study of individuality and sociality in behavior. We critically review current measurement practices and introduce social reaction norm models for comparative research on the evolution of personality in social environments. These models demonstrate that social plasticity affects the heritable variance of personality, and that individual differences in social plasticity can further modify the rate and direction of adaptive social evolution. Future empirical studies of frequency- and density-dependent social selection on personality are crucial for further developing this framework and testing adaptive theory of social niche specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Martin
- Human Ecology Group, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian V Jaeggi
- Human Ecology Group, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja E Koski
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Yang SW, Koo M. The Big Five Personality Traits as Predictors of Negative Emotional States in University Students in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16468. [PMID: 36554348 PMCID: PMC9779468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Negative emotional states, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, are prevalent in university students. Personality traits have been shown to be associated with a wide range of behaviors in students, such as academic motivation, achievement, and social well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the Big Five personality traits and negative emotion states in university students in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 580 university students in Taiwan. Negative emotional states were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Big Five personality traits were measured using the 48-item Big Five Inventory. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with DASS-21 scores. Neuroticism (standardized beta [std. β] = 0.45, p < 0.001) and openness (std. β = 0.12, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with DASS-21 scores, while agreeableness (std. β = -0.10, p = 0.007) was significantly and inversely associated with DASS-21 scores. Personality traits could be used to identify students at risk of negative emotional states and to undertake appropriate preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Yang
- Department of Education, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600355, Taiwan
- Department of Styling and Cosmetology, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan City 710302, Taiwan
| | - Malcolm Koo
- Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City 970302, Taiwan
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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Dimensions, Measures, and Contexts in Psychological Investigations of Curiosity: A Scoping Review. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12120493. [PMID: 36546976 PMCID: PMC9774665 DOI: 10.3390/bs12120493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of curiosity as a construct has led to many conceptualisations, comprising of different dimensions. Due to this, various scales of curiosity have also been developed. Moreover, some researchers have conceived of curiosity as a general trait-like, while others have included contexts, such as the workplace, or education when investigating curiosity. This scoping review aims to scope the extant psychological literature on curiosity in order to better understand how it has been studied, specifically with regard to its dimensions, measures, and contexts. A total of 1194 records were identified, with 245 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Results suggest that the majority of curiosity research examined curiosity as having multiple dimensions and analysed the dimensions individually, with a deprivation-type curiosity playing the biggest role. The measure most commonly used was the Epistemic Curiosity Scale, which also consisted of a deprivation-type curiosity as one of the dimensions. Findings also implied that curiosity was most studied in the context of the workplace. Supplementary findings included a lack of representation of non-Western countries, as well as needing to cross-validate a recently developed curiosity scale. This scoping review represents a consolidation of the curiosity literature and how it can further prosper.
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Kyan A, Takakura M, Miyagi M. Associations between 24-h movement behaviors and self-rated health: a representative sample of school-aged children and adolescents in Okinawa, Japan. Public Health 2022; 213:117-123. [PMID: 36410116 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the associations between adherence to 24-h movement behavior guidelines and self-rated health (SRH) among Japanese adolescents according to their age group. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Probability proportional sampling data, which were collected from six regions of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, considering the number of schools, included 2408 fifth-grade students (aged 10-11 years) in 31 elementary schools and 4360 eighth-grade students (aged 13-14 years) in 30 junior high schools. SRH, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time (ST), sleep duration, and confounding factors (sex, weight status, family affluence, parental support, school satisfaction, and school demands) were self-reported. RESULTS The logistic regression models showed that adherence to ST and sleep recommendations in elementary school students was associated with a high prevalence of good health only, whereas adherence to only MVPA, only sleep, ST and sleep, MVPA and sleep, and all three recommendations were associated with a high prevalence of good health among junior high school students. All combinations that included achievement of the recommended sleep duration were associated with SRH. CONCLUSIONS Achieving 24-h movement behavior guidelines, particularly sleep recommendations, is associated with better perceived health in school-aged children, especially in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kyan
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe City, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
| | - M Takakura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - M Miyagi
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Choi J, Kim N, Kim J, Choi I. Longitudinal examinations of changes in well-being during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic: Testing the roles of extraversion and social distancing. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022; 101:104306. [PMID: 36246045 PMCID: PMC9550294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2022.104306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present research, by using longitudinal data collected in South Korea (N = 69,986) during the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 January-7 April 2020), examined the pandemic-related changes in the relationship between extraversion and well-being. Multilevel analyses revealed that participants experienced decreased well-being during the pandemic. When analyzing the responses (n = 3,229) completed during all the periods encompassing the COVID-19-related events (e.g., outbreak of COVID-19), we found the greater within-person decreases in well-being among extraverts than introverts after the intensive social distancing. This finding suggests that social distancing, as a necessary means to curb the spread of COVID-19, inadvertently reduced well-being of extraverts. Implications for the person-environment fit literature, limitations, and future research avenues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongan Choi
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, South Korea,Institute for Hope Research, Sogang University, South Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, South Korea
| | - Jinhyung Kim
- Institute for Hope Research, Sogang University, South Korea,Department of Psychology, Sogang University, South Korea,Corresponding authors at: Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea (J.K.); Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea (I.C.)
| | - Incheol Choi
- Center for Happiness Studies, Seoul National University, South Korea,Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, South Korea,Corresponding authors at: Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South Korea (J.K.); Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea (I.C.)
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Martin SR, Fortier MA, Heyming TW, Ahn K, Nichols W, Golden C, Saadat H, Kain ZN. Perfectionism as a predictor of physician burnout. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1425. [PMCID: PMC9703407 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Burnout is common among physicians and has detrimental effects on patient care and physician health. Recent editorials call attention to perfectionism in medicine; however, no studies to date have examined the effect of perfectionism on burnout in physicians practicing in the United States. This study examined associations among demographics, perfectionism and personality traits, and burnout among practicing physicians.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included general pediatric and pediatric sub-specialist physicians. Out of the 152 physicians contacted, 69 enrolled (Meanage = 44.16 ± 9.98; 61% female). Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment burnout were assessed via the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Validated instruments were used to measure personality and perfectionism. Data were analyzed using linear regression models.
Results
Across physicians assessed, 42% reported either high emotional exhaustion burnout or depersonalization burnout. High self-critical perfectionism uniquely predicted both high emotional exhaustion burnout (B = 0.55, 95%CI 0.25–0.85) and depersonalization burnout (B = 0.18, 95%CI 0.05–0.31). Low conscientiousness (B = -6.12; 95%CI, -10.95- -1.28) predicted higher emotional exhaustion burnout and low agreeableness (B = -3.20, 95%CI -5.93- -0.46) predicted higher depersonalization burnout.
Conclusions
Perfectionism is understudied among physicians and the current findings suggest that addressing system and individual-level factors that encourage perfectionism is warranted and may reduce risk for physician burnout.
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Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors and their association with personality among adults in Qatar: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276426. [PMID: 36367860 PMCID: PMC9651556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) resulted in lockdowns and social distancing measures enforced by governments around the world. This study aimed to identify changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and physical activity (PA) and associations with personality during lockdown. Using a cross-sectional design, a convenient sample of 543 adults in Qatar completed an online questionnaire consisting of validated tools to measure adherence to MD (MEDAS questionnaire, score ranges 0–13), PA (IPAQ, assessing light, moderate high intensity PA) and personality (BFI-10, categorizing individuals’ personalities). The majority of the participants were female (89%), aged between 21 and 29 years (45%). The overall MD adherence decreased during lockdown (5.9 vs. 6.1, p < 0.001). There was an increase in olive oil (9% vs. 12%; p < 0.001), vegetables (54.3% vs. 58.7%; p = 0.005), legumes (11.8% vs. 15.3%; p = 0.007), sofrito (70.9% vs. 77.3%; p < 0.001) and fat (45.9% vs. 53.8%; p < 0.001) consumption and a decrease in fresh fruit (39.4% vs. 15.8%; p < 0.001) and fish/seafood (5.9% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.0035) consumption during lockdown. Met-min/week values of total PA (1330.5 vs. 1836.7), vigorous activity (711.5 vs. 867.4), moderate activity (208.3 vs. 301.3), and walking (410.7 vs. 668.0) all decreased during lockdown (p < 0.001, p = 0.010, p = 0.010 p < 0.001, respectively), while sitting increased (3837.3 vs. 2896.4 p < 0.001). The extraversion personality dimension had a higher MD adherence (p = 0.039) compared to agreeableness before lockdown. No changes in MEDAS scores were observed during lockdown in those with high levels of openness. Openness was positively associated with all PA (p = 0.027), including walking (p = 0.026), and negatively associated with sitting (p = 0.038) before lockdown, while participants with high scores for neuroticism were less likely to be sitting during lockdown (p = 0.042). The findings can be used to guide the development of appropriate personality-tailored lifestyle interventions.
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Kumari K, Ali SB, Batool M, Cioca LI, Abbas J. The interplay between leaders’ personality traits and mentoring quality and their impact on mentees’ job satisfaction and job performance. Front Psychol 2022; 13:937470. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.937470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on examining the role of leaders’ Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits in their mentoring quality and mentees’ job satisfaction. It has also examined how leaders’ mentoring quality impacts mentees’ job satisfaction, leading to their job performance at the workplace. The study used an explanatory research methodology to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between mentors’ FFM personality characteristics, mentoring quality, and mentees’ job satisfaction and job performance. The study was based on path-goal theory and the Big Five-Factor Model of personality characteristics, and a questionnaire was utilized to collect information on the model’s constructs. Following the non-probability convenience sampling technique, the empirical data were collected from the academic and non-academic staff of public and private higher education institutions (HEIs) located within Pakistan on five-point Likert scale. The proposed hypotheses were tested by using PLS software. Four main conclusions were derived from this study. First, the leaders’ openness to new experiences, agreeableness, and emotional stability substantially influenced the mentees’ job satisfaction. Surprisingly, the leaders’ conscientiousness and extraversion qualities did not affect the job satisfaction of the mentees. Second, the findings demonstrated that the openness to experience, conscientiousness, and extroversion has a considerable influence on leaders’ mentoring quality, but agreeableness and emotional stability have a negligible impact. Third, the mentoring quality of the leader had a substantial effect on the job satisfaction and work performance of the mentees. Fourth, this study confirmed the belief that mentees’ job satisfaction has a favorable influence on their job performance within the context of Pakistan’s educational sector. The current study’s findings provided valuable insights to the educational institutions about which personality traits they need to foster in their leaders, making them an excellent leader to enhance their mentees’ job satisfaction and job performance within their organizational settings.
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Large studies reveal how reference bias limits policy applications of self-report measures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19189. [PMID: 36357481 PMCID: PMC9649615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing policy interest in identifying contexts that cultivate self-regulation. Doing so often entails comparing groups of individuals (e.g., from different schools). We show that self-report questionnaires-the most prevalent modality for assessing self-regulation-are prone to reference bias, defined as systematic error arising from differences in the implicit standards by which individuals evaluate behavior. In three studies, adolescents (N = 229,685) whose peers performed better academically rated themselves lower in self-regulation and held higher standards for self-regulation. This effect was not observed for task measures of self-regulation and led to paradoxical predictions of college persistence 6 years later. These findings suggest that standards for self-regulation vary by social group, limiting the policy applications of self-report questionnaires.
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The Relationship between Personality Traits and Compliance with the COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Kosovo. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic urged systematic restrictive measures in order to avoid the spread of the virus. Different countries applied different restrictive measures; however, their efficacy was vastly dependent on the willingness of the people to comply with them. How people perceived the pandemic yielded different adaptive behavior to preventative measures. In this direction, individual characteristics (i.e., personality) seem very important. The current study aimed to map a relationship between personality structure as postulated within the five-factor model of personality with the tendency to comply with preventive measures, as mediated by perceived stress and concerns over coronavirus. In a sample of 3252 adults, we found that the traits of openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness directly and positively predicted compliance. However, concerns over coronavirus partially but positively mediated the relationship between agreeableness and conscientiousness on compliance. Perceived stress, on the other hand, was not a significant mediator, although it was significantly and positively predicted by neuroticism but negatively by extraversion. These findings showed that different personality traits have different direct effects on compliance with preventative measures.
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Hopkins CN, Lee CA, Lambert CC, Vance DE, Haase SR, Delgadillo JD, Fazeli PL. Psychological resilience is an independent correlate of health-related quality of life in middle-aged and older adults with HIV in the Deep South. J Health Psychol 2022; 27:2909-2921. [PMID: 35086380 PMCID: PMC9329492 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211072430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Older people living with HIV (PLWH) are at risk for poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Psychological resilience may protect HRQoL in this population. The sample included 174 predominately African American PLWH (age 40-73). Results indicated associations between resilience, socioeconomic status, cognitive performance, instrumental activities of daily living, personality, and depressive symptoms. HIV factors (e.g. viral load, duration of HIV) were not associated with resilience. Adjusting for confounders, resilience was associated with mental HRQoL. Understanding factors associated with resilience among older PLWH and the translation of resilience to HRQoL may inform interventions to improve well-being among individuals aging with HIV.
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Pelt DHM, de Vries LP, Bartels M. Unraveling the Relation Between Personality and Well-Being in a Genetically Informative Design. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221134878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, common and unique genetic and environmental influences on personality and a broad range of well-being measures were investigated. Data on the Big Five, life satisfaction, quality of life, self-rated health, loneliness, and depression from 14,253 twins and their siblings (age M: 31.82, SD: 14.41, range 16–97) from the Netherlands Twin Register were used in multivariate extended twin models. The best-fitting theoretical model indicated that genetic variance in personality and well-being traits can be decomposed into effects due to one general, common factor ( Mdn: 60%, range 15%–89%), due to personality-specific ( Mdn: 2%, range 0%–78%) and well-being-specific ( Mdn: 12%, range 4%–35%) factors, and trait-specific effects ( Mdn: 18%, range 0%–65%). Significant amounts of non-additive genetic influences on the traits’ (co)variances were found, while no evidence was found for quantitative or qualitative sex differences. Taken together, our study paints a fine-grained, complex picture of common and unique genetic and environmental effects on personality and well-being. Implications for the interpretation of shared variance, inflated phenotypic correlations between traits and future gene finding studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk H. M. Pelt
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne P. de Vries
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lorenz T, Hagitte L, Brandt M. Do not make me roll initiative: Assessing the Big Five characteristics of Dungeons & Dragons players in comparison to non-players. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1010800. [PMID: 36337498 PMCID: PMC9627618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The so-called geek-culture becomes increasingly more mainstream, and its social and economic impact is growing. In contrast, there is very little quantitative psychological research on this subculture and the people immersed in it. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are differences in the Big Five personality factors between Dungeons & Dragons players and non-players. Within a sample of 801 individuals – 399 Dungeons & Dragon players and 402 non-players - the results indicated that Dungeons & Dragons players show statistically significant higher scores in extraversion as well as in openness to new experiences. Furthermore, we found a statistically significant correlation between Dungeons & Dragons players’ scores in extraversion and their character’s charisma. The results are in line with more recent findings from Big Five research in the geek-culture and contradict older findings regarding a low extraversion and high neuroticism of Dungeons & Dragon players.
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Bisset CN, Ferguson E, MacDermid E, Stein SL, Yassin N, Dames N, Keller DS, Oliphant R, Parson SH, Cleland J, Moug SJ. Exploring variation in surgical practice: does surgeon personality influence anastomotic decision-making? Br J Surg 2022; 109:1156-1163. [PMID: 35851801 PMCID: PMC10364753 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decision-making under uncertainty may be influenced by an individual's personality. The primary aim was to explore associations between surgeon personality traits and colorectal anastomotic decision-making. METHODS Colorectal surgeons worldwide participated in a two-part online survey. Part 1 evaluated surgeon characteristics using the Big Five Inventory to measure personality (five domains: agreeableness; conscientiousness; extraversion; emotional stability; openness) in response to scenarios presented in Part 2 involving anastomotic decisions (i.e. rejoining the bowel with/without temporary stomas, or permanent diversion with end colostomy). Anastomotic decisions were compared using repeated-measure ANOVA. Mean scores of traits domains were compared with normative data using two-tailed t tests. RESULTS In total, 186 surgeons participated, with 127 surgeons completing both parts of the survey (68.3 per cent). One hundred and thirty-one surgeons were male (70.4 per cent) and 144 were based in Europe (77.4 per cent). Forty-one per cent (77 surgeons) had begun independent practice within the last 5 years. Surgeon personality differed from the general population, with statistically significantly higher levels of emotional stability (3.25 versus 2.97 respectively), lower levels of agreeableness (3.03 versus 3.74), extraversion (2.81 versus 3.38) and openness (3.19 versus 3.67), and similar levels of conscientiousness (3.42 versus 3.40 (all P <0.001)). Female surgeons had significantly lower levels of openness (P <0.001) than males (3.06 versus 3.25). Personality was associated with anastomotic decision-making in specific scenarios. CONCLUSION Colorectal surgeons have different personality traits from the general population. Certain traits seem to be associated with anastomotic decision-making but only in specific scenarios. Further exploration of the association of personality, risk-taking, and decision-making in surgery is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly N Bisset
- Correspondence to: Carly N. Bisset, Department of General Surgery, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Corsebar Road, Paisley, PA2 9PN, UK (e-mail: )
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ewan MacDermid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Australia University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon L Stein
- UHRISES: Research in Surgical Outcomes and Effectiveness, University Hospital Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nuha Yassin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Nicola Dames
- Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain & Ireland Patient Liaison Group, UK
| | - Deborah S Keller
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Raymond Oliphant
- Department of Medical Education, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK
| | - Simon H Parson
- Department of Medical Education, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jennifer Cleland
- Medical Education Research and Scholarship Unit, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Yoshino S, Shimotsukasa T, Oshio A, Hashimoto Y, Ueno Y, Mieda T, Migiwa I, Sato T, Kawamoto S, Soto CJ, John OP. A validation of the Japanese adaptation of the Big Five Inventory-2. Front Psychol 2022; 13:924351. [PMID: 36312186 PMCID: PMC9614413 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.924351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to adapt a Japanese version of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2-J) to examine its factor structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance. The BFI-2-J assesses five domains and 15 facets of the Big Five personality traits. We analyzed two datasets: 487 Japanese undergraduates and 500 Japanese adults. The results of the principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the domain-facet structure of the BFI-2-J was similar to that of other language versions. The reliability of the BFI-2-J is sufficient. The correlation coefficients between the BFI-2-J and the other Big Five and self-esteem measures supported convergent and discriminant validity. Moreover, we confirmed measurement invariance across age and sex groups in domain-level and facet-level models. The results suggest that the BFI-2-J is a good instrument for measuring the Big Five personality traits and their facets in Japan. The BFI-2-J is expected to be useful in Japanese personality research and international comparative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yoshino
- Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shinya Yoshino,
| | | | - Atsushi Oshio
- Faculty of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Ueno
- Center for Advanced School Education and Evidence-Based Research (CASEER), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mieda
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ifu Migiwa
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Oliver P. John
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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