1
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Yuan J, Wang J, Song M, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Zhao L. Brain-targeting biomimetic disguised manganese dioxide nanoparticles via hybridization of tumor cell membrane and bacteria vesicles for synergistic chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy of glioma. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:378-395. [PMID: 39032420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioma is a prevalent brain malignancy associated with poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy serves as the primary treatment for brain tumors, its effectiveness is hindered by the limited ability of drugs to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the development of drug resistance linked to tumor hypoxia. Herein, we report the creation of hybrid camouflaged multifunctional nanovesicles comprising membranes of tumor C6 cells (mT) and bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and co-loaded with manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) and doxorubicin (DOX) to synergistically enhance the chemotherapy/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of glioma. Owing to OMV-mediated BBB penetration and mT-inherited tumor-homing properties, MnO2-DOX@mT/OMVs can penetrate the BBB and enhance the tumor cell-specific uptake of DOX via "proton sponge effect"-mediated lysosomal escape. This enhances the apoptotic effect induced by DOX and minimizing DOX-associated cardiotoxicity by facilitating the accumulation of DOX at the tumor site. Furthermore, the MnO2 NPs in MnO2-DOX@mT/OMVs can generate potent CDT by accelerating the Fenton-like reaction with DOX-generated H2O2 and achieving glutathione (GSH)-depletion-induced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation. These results showed that MnO2-DOX@mT/OMVs, designed for brain tumor targeting, significantly inhibited tumor growth and exhibited favorable biological safety. This innovative approach offers the augmentation of anticancer treatment efficacy via a potential combination of chemotherapy and CDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China.
| | - Jingchen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China.
| | - Mingzhu Song
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China.
| | - Yuting Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China.
| | - Yijie Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-related Disease, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Kew C, Prieto-Garcia C, Bhattacharya A, Tietgen M, MacNair CR, Carfrae LA, Mello-Vieira J, Klatt S, Cheng YL, Rathore R, Gradhand E, Fleming I, Tan MW, Göttig S, Kempf VAJ, Dikic I. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and FOS mediate cytotoxicity induced by Acinetobacter baumannii. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7939. [PMID: 39261458 PMCID: PMC11390868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogenic and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe nosocomial infections. To better understand the mechanism of pathogenesis, we compare the proteomes of uninfected and infected human cells, revealing that transcription factor FOS is the host protein most strongly induced by A. baumannii infection. Pharmacological inhibition of FOS reduces the cytotoxicity of A. baumannii in cell-based models, and similar results are also observed in a mouse infection model. A. baumannii outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are shown to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) of host cells by inducing the host enzyme tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), producing the ligand kynurenine, which binds AHR. Following ligand binding, AHR is a direct transcriptional activator of the FOS gene. We propose that A. baumannii infection impacts the host tryptophan metabolism and promotes AHR- and FOS-mediated cytotoxicity of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kew
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Cristian Prieto-Garcia
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anshu Bhattacharya
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manuela Tietgen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Center of Competence for Infection Control of the State of Hesse, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey A Carfrae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - João Mello-Vieira
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Department of Molecular Medicine, CPI, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yi-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rajeshwari Rathore
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elise Gradhand
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Department of Molecular Medicine, CPI, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephan Göttig
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany.
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3
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Metsäniitty M, Hasnat S, Öhman C, Salo T, Eklund KK, Oscarsson J, Salem A. Zebrafish larvae as a model for studying the impact of oral bacterial vesicles on tumor cell growth and metastasis. Hum Cell 2024:10.1007/s13577-024-01114-6. [PMID: 39138804 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Oral bacteria naturally secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which have attracted attention for their promising biomedical applications including cancer therapeutics. However, our understanding of EV impact on tumor progression is hampered by limited in vivo models. In this study, we propose a facile in vivo platform for assessing the effect of EVs isolated from different bacterial strains on oral cancer growth and dissemination using the larval zebrafish model. EVs were isolated from: wild-type Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and its mutant strains lacking the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen; and wild-type Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cancer cells pretreated with EVs were xenotransplanted into zebrafish larvae, wherein tumor growth and metastasis were screened. We further assessed the preferential sites for the metastatic foci development. Interestingly, EVs from the CDT-lacking A. actinomycetemcomitans resulted in an increased tumor growth, whereas EVs lacking the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen reduced the metastasis rate. P. gingivalis-derived EVs showed no significant effects. Cancer cells pretreated with EVs from the mutant A. actinomycetemcomitans strains tended to metastasize less often to the head and tail compared to the controls. In sum, the proposed approach provided cost- and labor-effective yet efficient model for studying bacterial EVs in oral carcinogenesis, which can be easily extended for other cancer types. Furthermore, our results support the notion that these nanosized particles may represent promising targets in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Metsäniitty
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saika Hasnat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carina Öhman
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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4
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Zhang H, Lin Y, Li S, Bi J, Zeng J, Mo C, Xu S, Jia B, Lu Y, Liu C, Liu Z. Effects of bacterial extracellular vesicles derived from oral and gastrointestinal pathogens on systemic diseases. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127788. [PMID: 38833831 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oral microbiota and gastrointestinal microbiota, the two largest microbiomes in the human body, are closely correlated and frequently interact through the oral-gut axis. Recent research has focused on the roles of these microbiomes in human health and diseases. Under normal conditions, probiotics and commensal bacteria can positively impact health. However, altered physiological states may induce dysbiosis, increasing the risk of pathogen colonization. Studies suggest that oral and gastrointestinal pathogens contribute not only to localized diseases at their respective colonized sites but also to the progression of systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which bacteria at these local sites are involved in systemic diseases remain elusive. In response to this gap, the focus has shifted to bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which act as mediators of communication between the microbiota and the host. Numerous studies have reported the targeted delivery of bacterial pathogenic substances from the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract to distant organs via BEVs. These pathogenic components subsequently elicit specific cellular responses in target organs, thereby mediating the progression of systemic diseases. This review aims to elucidate the extensive microbial communication via the oral-gut axis, summarize the types and biogenesis mechanisms of BEVs, and highlight the translocation pathways of oral and gastrointestinal BEVs in vivo, as well as the impacts of pathogens-derived BEVs on systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunhe Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Siwei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiaming Bi
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuzi Mo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shuaimei Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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5
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Huang S, Lin J, Han X. Extracellular vesicles-Potential link between periodontal disease and diabetic complications. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:225-239. [PMID: 38227219 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that a bidirectional impact exists between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis may affect diabetes glycemic control, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications. Diabetes can worsen periodontitis by delaying wound healing and increasing the chance of infection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous particles of membrane-enclosed spherical structure secreted by eukaryotes and prokaryotes and play a key role in a variety of diseases. This review will introduce the biogenesis, release, and biological function of EVs from a microbial and host cell perspective, discuss the functional properties of EVs in the development of periodontitis and diabetes, and explore their role in the pathogenesis and clinical application of these two diseases. Their clinical implication and diagnostic value are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
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6
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Bezerra B, Fisher M, Pirih FQ, Casarin M. The potential impact of periodontitis on cerebral small vessel disease. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:190-198. [PMID: 37929810 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a term used to describe abnormalities in the intracranial microvasculature affecting small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and venules. The etiology of these conditions is not fully understood but inflammation appears to play a significant role. Periodontal diseases have been associated with conditions such as stroke and dementia, which are clinical consequences of CSVD. Periodontitis is a highly prevalent chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease regulated by the host immune response against pathogenic bacterial colonization around the teeth. The inflammatory response and the microbial dysbiosis produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that can reach the brain and promote local changes. This review will explore the potential association between periodontitis and CSVD by assessing the impact of periodontitis-induced inflammation and periodontopathogenic bacteria on the underlying mechanisms leading to CSVD. Given the association of periodontitis with stroke and dementia, which are clinical features of CSVD, it may be possible to suggest a link with CSVD. Current evidence linking periodontitis with neuroimaging findings of CSVD enforces the possible link between these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bezerra
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark Fisher
- Department of Neurology, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California, USA
| | - Flavia Q Pirih
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maísa Casarin
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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7
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Lusta KA, Summerhill VI, Khotina VA, Sukhorukov VN, Glanz VY, Orekhov AN. The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Membrane Nanovesicles in Atherosclerosis: Unraveling a Potential Trigger. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:289-304. [PMID: 38805145 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we explore the intriguing and evolving connections between bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles (BEMNs) and atherosclerosis development, highlighting the evidence on molecular mechanisms by which BEMNs can promote the athero-inflammatory process that is central to the progression of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily driven by metabolic and lifestyle factors; however, some studies have suggested that bacterial infections may contribute to the development of both atherogenesis and inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions. In particular, the participation of BEMNs in atherosclerosis pathogenesis has attracted special attention. We provide some general insights into how the immune system responds to potential threats such as BEMNs during the development of atherosclerosis. A comprehensive understanding of contribution of BEMNs to atherosclerosis pathogenesis may lead to the development of targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Lusta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Volha I Summerhill
- Department of Research and Development, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, 121609, Russia.
| | - Victoria A Khotina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor Y Glanz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Research and Development, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, 121609, Russia.
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8
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Yang J, Zhi W, Wang L. Role of Tau Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development of Its Targeted Drugs: A Literature Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2812. [PMID: 38930877 PMCID: PMC11206543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein that is widely distributed in the central nervous system and maintains and regulates neuronal morphology and function. Tau protein aggregates abnormally and forms neurofibrillary tangles in neurodegenerative diseases, disrupting the structure and function of neurons and leading to neuronal death, which triggers the initiation and progression of neurological disorders. The aggregation of tau protein in neurodegenerative diseases is associated with post-translational modifications, which may affect the hydrophilicity, spatial conformation, and stability of tau protein, promoting tau protein aggregation and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, studying the role of tau protein in neurodegenerative diseases and the mechanism of aberrant aggregation is important for understanding the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and finding therapeutic approaches. This review describes the possible mechanisms by which tau protein promotes neurodegenerative diseases, the post-translational modifications of tau protein and associated influencing factors, and the current status of drug discovery and development related to tau protein, which may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches to alleviate or treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Yang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China;
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
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9
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Singh A, Nice JB, Wu M, Brown AC, Wittenberg NJ. Multivariate Analysis of Individual Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Using Fluorescence Microscopy. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:352-361. [PMID: 38817321 PMCID: PMC11134603 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play a critical role in cell-cell communication and virulence. OMVs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for various biological applications such as vaccines and targeted drug delivery. However, the full potential of OMVs is currently constrained by inherent heterogeneities, such as size and cargo differences, and traditional ensemble assays are limited in their ability to reveal OMV heterogeneity. To overcome this issue, we devised an innovative approach enabling the identification of various characteristics of individual OMVs. This method, employing fluorescence microscopy, facilitates the detection of variations in size and surface markers. To demonstrate our method, we utilize the oral bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) which produces OMVs with a bimodal size distribution. As part of its virulence, A. actinomycetemcomitans secretes leukotoxin (LtxA) in two forms: soluble and surface associated with the OMVs. We observed a correlation between the size and toxin presence where larger OMVs were much more likely to possess LtxA compared to the smaller OMVs. In addition, we noted that, among the smallest OMVs (<100 nm diameter), the fractions that are toxin positive range from 0 to 30%, while the largest OMVs (>200 nm diameter) are between 70 and 100% toxin positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarshi
N. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Justin B Nice
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Meishan Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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10
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Chen Z, Cao Y, Jiang W, Yan Z, Cai G, Ye J, Wang H, Liu L. Porphyromonas gingivalis OMVs promoting endothelial dysfunction via the STING pathway in periodontitis. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38696515 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg-OMVs) in chronic periodontitis and explore the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS In vitro, Pg-OMVs were incubated with Ea.hy926 (vessel endothelial cells, ECs) to evaluate their effects on endothelial functions and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The effects of endothelial dysfunction on MG63 osteoblast-like cells were verified using an indirect co-culture method. For in vivo studies, micro-CT was conducted to identify alveolar bone mass. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to confirm the levels of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in the blood vessel and the number of Runx2+ cells around the alveolar bone. RESULTS Pg-OMVs were endocytosed by ECs, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway was activated in ECs, which subsequently inhibited MG63 migration and early osteogenesis differentiation. In vivo, Pg-OMVs promoted alveolar bone resorption, increased STING levels in the blood vessel, and decreased Runx2+ cells around the alveolar bone. CONCLUSIONS Pg-OMVs caused endothelial dysfunction and activated the cGAS-STING-TBK1 signal cascade in ECs, thereby impairing ECs-mediated osteogenesis. Furthermore, Pg-OMVs aggregated alveolar bone loss and altered the blood vessel-mediated osteogenesis with elevated STING.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiu Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Zixin Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Guanhui Cai
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Ye
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Luwei Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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11
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Wood PL, Le A, Palazzolo DL. Comparative Lipidomics of Oral Commensal and Opportunistic Bacteria. Metabolites 2024; 14:240. [PMID: 38668368 PMCID: PMC11052126 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity contains a vast array of microbes that contribute to the balance between oral health and disease. In addition, oral bacteria can gain access to the circulation and contribute to other diseases and chronic conditions. There are a limited number of publications available regarding the comparative lipidomics of oral bacteria and fungi involved in the construction of oral biofilms, hence our decision to study the lipidomics of representative oral bacteria and a fungus. We performed high-resolution mass spectrometric analyses (<2.0 ppm mass error) of the lipidomes from five Gram-positive commensal bacteria: Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus gordonii; five Gram-positive opportunistic bacteria: Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermis, Streptococcus acidominimus, Actinomyces viscosus, and Nanosynbacter lyticus; seven Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis. Prevotella brevis, Proteus vulgaris, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella parvula, Treponema denticola, and Alkermansia muciniphila; and one fungus: Candida albicans. Our mass spectrometric analytical platform allowed for a detailed evaluation of the many structural modifications made by microbes for the three major lipid scaffolds: glycerol, sphingosine and fatty acyls of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| | - Annie Le
- Clinical Training Program, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA
| | - Dominic L. Palazzolo
- Department of Physiology, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, 6965 Cumberland Gap Pkwy., Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
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12
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Zhang L, Chi J, Wu H, Xia X, Xu C, Hao H, Liu Z. Extracellular vesicles and endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e148. [PMID: 38938849 PMCID: PMC11080793 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally. Studies have shown that infections especially bacteraemia and sepsis are associated with increased risks for endothelial dysfunction and related CVDs including atherosclerosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, sealed membrane-derived structures that are released into body fluids and blood from cells and/or microbes and are critically involved in a variety of important cell functions and disease development, including intercellular communications, immune responses and inflammation. It is known that EVs-mediated mechanism(s) is important in the development of endothelial dysfunction in infections with a diverse spectrum of microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus for COVID-19) and Helicobacter pylori. H. pylori infection is one of the most common infections globally. During H. pylori infection, EVs can carry H. pylori components, such as lipopolysaccharide, cytotoxin-associated gene A, or vacuolating cytotoxin A, and transfer these substances into endothelial cells, triggering inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. This review is to illustrate the important role of EVs in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, and the development of endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases especially H. pylori infection, and to discuss the potential mechanisms and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jingshu Chi
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Xiujuan Xia
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hong Hao
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMissouriUSA
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13
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Xiu L, Wu Y, Lin G, Zhang Y, Huang L. Bacterial membrane vesicles: orchestrators of interkingdom interactions in microbial communities for environmental adaptation and pathogenic dynamics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371317. [PMID: 38576623 PMCID: PMC10991846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) have attracted increasing attention due to their significant roles in bacterial physiology and pathogenic processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the importance and current research status of MVs in regulating bacterial physiology and pathogenic processes, as well as their crucial roles in environmental adaptation and pathogenic infections. We describe the formation mechanism, composition, structure, and functions of MVs, and discuss the various roles of MVs in bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic infections. Additionally, we analyze the limitations and challenges of MV-related research and prospect the potential applications of MVs in environmental adaptation, pathogenic mechanisms, and novel therapeutic strategies. This review emphasizes the significance of understanding and studying MVs for the development of new insights into bacterial environmental adaptation and pathogenic processes. Overall, this review contributes to our understanding of the intricate interplay between bacteria and their environment and provides valuable insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting bacterial pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Gongshi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen Marine & Fisheries Research Institute, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Youyu Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Lixing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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14
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Fang L, Tuohuti A, Cai W, Chen X. Changes in the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea before and after surgery: a prospective study. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38459431 PMCID: PMC10921815 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes and potential mechanisms of microbiome in different parts of the upper airway in the development of pediatric OSA and observe the impact of surgical intervention on oral microbiome for pediatric OSA. METHODS Before adeno-tonsillectomy, we collected throat swab samples from different parts of the oropharynx and nasopharynx of 30 OSA patients and 10 non-OSA patients and collected throat swab samples from the oropharynx of the above patients one month after the adeno-tonsillectomy. The 16 S rRNA V3-V4 region was sequenced to identify the microbial communities. The correlation analysis was conducted based on clinical characteristics. RESULTS There was a significant difference of alpha diversity in different parts of the upper airway of pediatric OSA, but this difference was not found in children with non-OSA. Beta diversity was significantly different between non-OSA and pediatric OSA. At the genus level, the composition of flora in different parts is different between non-OSA and pediatric OSA. The correlation analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Neisseria was significantly correlated with obstructive apnea hypopnea index. Furthermore, the functional prediction revealed that pathways related to cell proliferation and material metabolism were significantly different between non-OSA and pediatric OSA. Besides, the adeno-tonsillectomy has minimal impact on oral microbiota composition in short term. CONCLUSION The changes in upper airway microbiome are highly associated with pediatric OSA. The relative abundance of some bacteria was significantly different between OSA and non-OSA. These bacteria have the potential to become new diagnostic and early warning biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucheng Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aikebaier Tuohuti
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wanyue Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Sleep medicine centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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15
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Liu S, Butler CA, Ayton S, Reynolds EC, Dashper SG. Porphyromonas gingivalis and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:127-137. [PMID: 36597758 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2163613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, remain major unanswered questions in medical science. Oral bacteria, especially those species associated with chronic periodontitis and particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis, are being linked causally to AD pathophysiology in a subpopulation of susceptible individuals. P. gingivalis produces large amounts of proteolytic enzymes, haem and iron capture proteins, adhesins and internalins that are secreted and attached to the cell surface and concentrated onto outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). These enzymes and adhesive proteins have been shown to cause host tissue damage and stimulate inflammatory responses. The ecological and pathophysiological roles of P. gingivalis OMVs, their ability to disperse widely throughout the host and deliver functional proteins lead to the proposal that they may be the link between a P. gingivalis focal infection in the subgingivae during periodontitis and neurodegeneration in AD. P. gingivalis OMVs can cross the blood brain barrier and may accelerate AD-specific neuropathology by increasing neuroinflammation, plaque/tangle formation and dysregulation of iron homeostasis, thereby inducing ferroptosis leading to neuronal death and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixin Liu
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Butler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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16
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Li R, Wang J, Xiong W, Luo Y, Feng H, Zhou H, Peng Y, He Y, Ye Q. The oral-brain axis: can periodontal pathogens trigger the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease? Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358179. [PMID: 38362505 PMCID: PMC10868393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, characterized by a progressive cognitive decline. Sporadic AD, accounting for more than 95% of cases, may arise due to the influence of environmental factors. It was reported that periodontitis, a common oral ailment, shares several risk factors with AD, including advanced age, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension, among others. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease triggered by dysbiosis of oral microorganisms, whereas Alzheimer's disease is characterized by neuroinflammation. Many studies have indicated that chronic inflammation can instigate brain AD-related pathologies, including amyloid-β plaques, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. The potential involvement of periodontal pathogens and/or their virulence factors in the onset and progression of AD by the oral-brain axis has garnered significant attention among researchers with ongoing investigations. This review has updated the periodontal pathogens potentially associated with AD, elucidating their impact on the central nervous system, immune response, and related pathological processes in the brain to provide valuable insights for future research on the oral-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junnan Wang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixian Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjian Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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17
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Guo J, Lin K, Wang S, He X, Huang Z, Zheng M. Effects and mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles induced cardiovascular injury. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:112. [PMID: 38243239 PMCID: PMC10799447 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) have long been acknowledged for their crucial role in the initiation of periodontitis. However, the implications of P. gingivalis OMVs in the context of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to clarify both the impact and the underlying mechanisms through which P. gingivalis OMVs contribute to the propagation of distal cardiovascular inflammation and trauma. METHODS In this study, various concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, and 4.5 µg/µL) of P. gingivalis OMVs were microinjected into the common cardinal vein of zebrafish larvae at 48 h post-fertilization (hpf) to assess changes in cardiovascular injury and inflammatory response. Zebrafish larvae from both the PBS and the 2.5 µg/µL injection cohorts were harvested at 30 h post-injection (hpi) for transcriptional analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to evaluate relative gene expression. RESULTS These findings demonstrated that P. gingivalis OMVs induced pericardial enlargement in zebrafish larvae, caused vascular damage, increased neutrophil counts, and activated inflammatory pathways. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed the involvement of the immune response and the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathway in this process. CONCLUSION This study illuminated potential mechanisms through which P. gingivalis OMVs contribute to CVD. It accentuated their involvement in distal cardiovascular inflammation and emphasizes the need for further research to comprehensively grasp the connection between periodontitis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Kaijin Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaozhen He
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Innovation and Transformation Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Minqian Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Koukoulis TF, Beauchamp LC, Kaparakis-Liaskos M, McQuade RM, Purnianto A, Finkelstein DI, Barnham KJ, Vella LJ. Do Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Contribute to Chronic Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease? JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:227-244. [PMID: 38427502 PMCID: PMC10977405 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. It has been suggested that the etiology of idiopathic PD is complex and multifactorial involving environmental contributions, such as viral or bacterial infections and microbial dysbiosis, in genetically predisposed individuals. With advances in our understanding of the gut-brain axis, there is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota and the mammalian immune system functionally interact. Recent findings suggest that a shift in the gut microbiome to a pro-inflammatory phenotype may play a role in PD onset and progression. While there are links between gut bacteria, inflammation, and PD, the bacterial products involved and how they traverse the gut lumen and distribute systemically to trigger inflammation are ill-defined. Mechanisms emerging in other research fields point to a role for small, inherently stable vesicles released by Gram-negative bacteria, called outer membrane vesicles in disease pathogenesis. These vesicles facilitate communication between bacteria and the host and can shuttle bacterial toxins and virulence factors around the body to elicit an immune response in local and distant organs. In this perspective article, we hypothesize a role for bacterial outer membrane vesicles in PD pathogenesis. We present evidence suggesting that these outer membrane vesicles specifically from Gram-negative bacteria could potentially contribute to PD by traversing the gut lumen to trigger local, systemic, and neuroinflammation. This perspective aims to facilitate a discussion on outer membrane vesicles in PD and encourage research in the area, with the goal of developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiana F. Koukoulis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Leah C. Beauchamp
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brighamand Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kaparakis-Liaskos
- Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel M. McQuade
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Gut-Axis Injury and Repair Laboratory, Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), The University of Melbourne, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Centre for Health Research and Education (WCHRE), Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Adityas Purnianto
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Barnham
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J. Vella
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Xie J, Haesebrouck F, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: an emerging avenue to tackle diseases. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1206-1224. [PMID: 37330381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research, especially in recent years, has shown that bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are one of the key underlying mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of various diseases like pulmonary fibrosis, sepsis, systemic bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease. Given these new insights, bEVs are proposed as an emerging vehicle that can be used as a diagnostic tool or to tackle diseases when used as a therapeutic target. To further boost the understanding of bEVs in health and disease we thoroughly discuss the contribution of bEVs in disease pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we speculate on their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and how bEV-related mechanisms can be exploited as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xie
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology, and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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20
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Karkowska-Kuleta J, Kulig K, Bras G, Stelmaszczyk K, Surowiec M, Kozik A, Karnas E, Barczyk-Woznicka O, Zuba-Surma E, Pyza E, Rapala-Kozik M. Candida albicans Biofilm-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Are Involved in the Tolerance to Caspofungin, Biofilm Detachment, and Fungal Proteolytic Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1078. [PMID: 37998883 PMCID: PMC10672323 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been repeatedly reported that the cells of organisms in all kingdoms of life produce nanometer-sized lipid membrane-enveloped extracellular vesicles (EVs), transporting and protecting various substances of cellular origin. While the composition of EVs produced by human pathogenic fungi has been studied in recent decades, another important challenge is the analysis of their functionality. Thus far, fungal EVs have been shown to play significant roles in intercellular communication, biofilm production, and modulation of host immune cell responses. In this study, we verified the involvement of biofilm-derived EVs produced by two different strains of Candida albicans-C. albicans SC5314 and 3147 (ATCC 10231)-in various aspects of biofilm function by examining its thickness, stability, metabolic activity, and cell viability in the presence of EVs and the antifungal drug caspofungin. Furthermore, the proteolytic activity against the kininogen-derived antimicrobial peptide NAT26 was confirmed by HPLC analysis for C. albicans EVs that are known to carry, among others, particular members of the secreted aspartic proteinases (Saps) family. In conclusion, EVs derived from C. albicans biofilms were shown to be involved in biofilm tolerance to caspofungin, biofilm detachment, and fungal proteolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kulig
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Grazyna Bras
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Stelmaszczyk
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surowiec
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woznicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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21
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Iwashita M. Association between Periodontal Disease and Arteriosclerosis-Related Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1517-1524. [PMID: 37648470 PMCID: PMC10627774 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that can cause low-grade systemic inflammation, has been suggested to influence the development of comorbidities. Multiple systemic inflammatory mechanisms are common in the development of periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. Observational studies conducted worldwide have reported that periodontal disease may independently influence the progression of atherosclerotic disease. However, there is still insufficient evidence to demonstrate the causal relationship. This review describes the association between periodontal disease and arteriosclerosis-related diseases with the latest findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Iwashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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22
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Lara B, Loureiro I, Gliosca L, Castagnola L, Merech F, Gallino L, Calo G, Sassot M, Ramhorst R, Vota D, Pérez Leirós C, Hauk V. Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles shape trophoblast cell metabolism impairing functions associated to adverse pregnancy outcome. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2679-2691. [PMID: 37842869 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is proposed as a risk factor for preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, and preeclampsia with severe consequences for maternal and neonatal health, but the biological mechanisms involved are elusive. Porphyromonas gingivalis gain access to the placental bed and impair trophoblast cell function, as assessed in murine and human pregnancy, suggesting a pathogenic role in adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. P. gingivalis releases outer membrane vesicles (P. gingivalis OMV) during growth that spread to distant tissues and are internalized in host cells as described in metabolic, neurological, and vascular systemic diseases. Here we tested the hypothesis that P. gingivalis OMV internalized in trophoblast cells disrupt their metabolism leading to trophoblast and placenta dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcomes. An in vitro design with human trophoblast cells incubated with P. gingivalis OMV was used together with ex vivo and in vivo approaches in pregnant mice treated with P. gingivalis OMV. P. gingivalis OMV modulated human trophoblast cell metabolism by reducing glycolytic pathways and decreasing total reactive oxygen species with sustained mitochondrial activity. Metabolic changes induced by P. gingivalis OMV did not compromise cell viability; instead, it turned trophoblast cells into a metabolic resting state where central functions such as migration and invasion were reduced. The effects of P. gingivalis OMV on human trophoblast cells were corroborated ex vivo in mouse whole placenta and in vivo in pregnant mice: P. gingivalis OMV reduced glycolytic pathways in the placenta and led to lower placental and fetal weight gain in vivo with reduced placental expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. The present results point to OMV as a key component of P. gingivalis involved in adverse pregnancy outcomes, and even more, unveil a metabolic cue in the deleterious effect of P. gingivalis OMV on trophoblast cells and mouse pregnancy, providing new clues to understand pathogenic mechanisms in pregnancy complications and other systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iñaki Loureiro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Gliosca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Microbiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lara Castagnola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fátima Merech
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Gallino
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermina Calo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Sassot
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daiana Vota
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Laboratorio de Inmunofarmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Yoshida K, Yoshida K, Seyama M, Hiroshima Y, Mekata M, Fujiwara N, Kudo Y, Ozaki K. Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in cerebral ventricles activate microglia in mice. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3688-3697. [PMID: 36266256 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is thought to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether Pg or its contents can reach the brain and directly affect neuropathology is, however, unknown. Here, we investigated whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Pg translocate to the brain and induce the pathogenic features of AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pg OMVs were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice for 12 weeks. Pg OMV translocation to the brain was detected by immunohistochemistry using an anti-gingipain antibody. Tau protein and microglial activation in the mouse brain were examined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The effect of gingipains on inflammation was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using human microglial HMC3 cells. RESULTS Gingipains were detected in the region around cerebral ventricles, choroid plexus, and ventricular ependymal cells in Pg OMV-administered mice. Tau and phosphorylated Tau protein increased and microglia were activated. Pg OMVs also increased the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in HMC3 cells in a gingipain-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Pg OMVs, including gingipains, can reach the cerebral ventricle and induce neuroinflammation by activating microglia. Pg OMVs may provide a better understanding of the implications of periodontal diseases in neurodegenerative conditions such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mariko Seyama
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mana Mekata
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Bioscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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24
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Yang X, Shi Z, Wang X, Yang Y, Sun D, Zhu B, Song F, Zhu X, Ding S, Zou Y, Xiao C, Yang X. Disruption of Histamine-H 1R signaling exacerbates cardiac microthrombosis after periodontal disease via TLR4/NFκB-p65 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110774. [PMID: 37567012 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Histamine has been proven to participate in the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular disease and oral inflammation. However, the role of histamine in the development of cardiac microthrombosis caused by periodontal disease has not been fully elucidated. We established a murine periodontal inflammation model by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). In order to examine the effect of histamine/H1R signaling on cardiac injury after periodontal disease, we used histidine decarboxylase- knockout (HDC-/-) mice and histamine 1 receptor (H1R) antagonist. Our results demonstrated that LPS-induced periodontal inflammation significantly increased CD11b+Gr-1+ neutrophils in the peripheral blood and myocardial interstitium. Histamine deficiency resulted in further increases in P. gingivalis, neutrophils, inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac microthrombosis in the myocardium of HDC-/- mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Mechanistic analysis showed that blocking H1R could synergistically interact with LPS, further increasing the phosphorylation of p65, exacerbating the inflammatory response of neutrophils and endothelial cell damage. Conclusively, the disruption of histamine-H1R signaling exacerbates cardiac microthrombosis after periodontal disease via TLR4/NFκB-p65 pathway. Our findings not only reveal a link between periodontal inflammation and myocardial injury but also provided some thoughts for the use of H1R antagonist in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaocheng Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosa and Periodontal Clinic, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital& School of Stomatology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangfei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Dili Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baoling Zhu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fujie Song
- Department of First Dental Clinic, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Suling Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 516002, China.
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 516002, China.
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25
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Amato M, Lupi SM, Polizzi A, Santonocito S, Viglianisi G, Cicciù M, Isola G. New Trends in the Impact of Periodontal Treatment on Early Cardiovascular Diseases Outcomes: Insights and Future Perspectives. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:287. [PMID: 39077574 PMCID: PMC11273151 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2410287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent the primary worldwide cause of mortality, and periodontitis is the main cause of tooth loss. The incidence of atherosclerotic disease has been reported to be higher in individuals affected by periodontitis than in individuals without, regardless of many common risk factors are present. Various pathogenetic models have been presented to clarify the close correlation between these two diseases. First, periodontal bacteria and their toxins can enter the circulation both during dental procedures and normal activities such as eating and teeth brushing. Periodontal bacteria may indirectly contribute to coronary artery disease (e.g., by causing immunological reactions) or directly by damaging coronary arteries. Periodontal treatment significantly reduces periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) or Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in deep periodontal pockets. Moreover, periodontal treatment may lower blood inflammatory mediators, enhance the lipid profile, and cause favourable changes in various surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease. The way in which oral bacteremia and periodontal inflammation cause atherosclerosis is still unclear and needs further studies. The real effectiveness of periodontal treatment in preventing cardiovascular events is a topic of current interest. In this regard, this review article explores new insights and provides an indication of future directions on the function of periodontal inflammation and oral bacteria in the incidence and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, with the main focus on assessing the impact of periodontal treatment on cardiovascular disease outcome biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of
Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Saturnino Marco Lupi
- Department of Clinico-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, School
of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of
Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of
Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of
Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of
Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of
Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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26
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Wang Y, Luo X, Xiang X, Hao C, Ma D. Roles of bacterial extracellular vesicles in systemic diseases. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1258860. [PMID: 37840728 PMCID: PMC10569430 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1258860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that in various systems, not all bidirectional microbiota-host interactions involve direct cell contact. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) may be key participants in this interkingdom crosstalk. BEVs mediate microbiota functions by delivering effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways, thereby facilitating host-microbe interactions. BEV production during infections by both pathogens and probiotics has been observed in various host tissues. Therefore, these vesicles released by microbiota may have the ability to drive or inhibit disease pathogenesis in different systems within the host. Here, we review the current knowledge of BEVs and particularly emphasize their interactions with the host and the pathogenesis of systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xiang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbo Hao
- Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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27
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Lara B, Sassot M, Calo G, Paparini D, Gliosca L, Chaufan G, Loureiro I, Vota D, Ramhorst R, Pérez Leirós C, Hauk V. Extracellular Vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis Disrupt Trophoblast Cell Interaction with Vascular and Immune Cells in an In Vitro Model of Early Placentation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1971. [PMID: 37895353 PMCID: PMC10608595 DOI: 10.3390/life13101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by the primary pathogen of periodontal disease Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), referred to as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have been associated with the pathogenesis of systemic diseases like cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease. A pathogenic role for Pg by disrupting placental homeostasis was proposed in the association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. On the basis that trophoblast-derived factors modulate endothelial and immune cell profiles in normal pregnancy and the scarce presence of Pg in placenta, we hypothesized that OMVs from Pg affect trophoblast cell phenotype, impairing trophoblast-endothelium and trophoblast-neutrophil interactions. By means of in vitro designs with first-trimester human trophoblast cells, endothelial cells, and freshly isolated neutrophils, we showed that Pg OMVs are internalized by trophoblast cells and modulate the activity and expression of functional markers. Trophoblast cells primed with Pg OMVs enhanced neutrophil chemoattraction and lost their anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, reduced migration with enhanced adhesion of monocytes was found in endothelial cells upon incubation with the media from trophoblast cells pretreated with Pg OMVs. Taken together, the results support a pathogenic role of Pg OMVs at early stages of pregnancy and placentation through disruption of trophoblast contribution to vascular transformation and immune homeostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Lara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Matías Sassot
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Guillermina Calo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Daniel Paparini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Laura Gliosca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Microbiología, Buenos Aires C1122AAH, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Chaufan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Iñaki Loureiro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Daiana Vota
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Rosanna Ramhorst
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Claudia Pérez Leirós
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Vanesa Hauk
- Universidad de Buenos Aires—CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (B.L.); (M.S.); (G.C.); (D.P.); (L.G.); (G.C.); (I.L.); (D.V.); (R.R.)
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28
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Helliwell E, Choi D, Merritt J, Kreth J. Environmental influences on Streptococcus sanguinis membrane vesicle biogenesis. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1430-1444. [PMID: 37355741 PMCID: PMC10432417 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Membrane vesicles are produced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. While membrane vesicles are potent elicitors of eukaryotic cells and involved in cell-cell communication, information is scarce about their general biology in the context of community members and the environment. Streptococcus sanguinis, a Gram-positive oral commensal, is prevalent in the oral cavity and well-characterized for its ability to antagonize oral pathobionts. We have found that production and dissemination of membrane vesicles by S. sanguinis is dependent on environmental and community factors. Co-culture with interacting commensal Corynebacterium durum, as well as with the periodontal pathobiont Filifactor alocis had no effect on S. sanguinis vesicle number and size, whereas the periodontal pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis abolished S. sanguinis vesicle production. Using both correlation and differential expression analyses to examine the transcriptomic changes underlying vesicle production, we found that differential expression of genes encoding proteins related to the cytoplasmic membrane and peptidoglycan correlate with the abundance of membrane vesicles. Proteomic characterizations of the vesicle cargo identified a variety of proteins, including those predicted to influence host interactions or host immune responses. Cell culture studies of gingival epithelial cells demonstrated that both crude and highly purified membrane vesicles could induce the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Gro-α within 6 hours of inoculation at levels comparable to whole cells. Our findings suggest that production of membrane vesicles by S. sanguinis is heavily influenced by community and environmental factors and plays an important role in communication with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Helliwell
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Dongseok Choi
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Justin Merritt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA.
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29
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Gualtero DF, Lafaurie GI, Buitrago DM, Castillo Y, Vargas-Sanchez PK, Castillo DM. Oral microbiome mediated inflammation, a potential inductor of vascular diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1250263. [PMID: 37711554 PMCID: PMC10498784 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and vascular translocation of the periodontopathic microorganism to peripheral blood can cause local and systemic extra-oral inflammation. Microorganisms associated with the subgingival biofilm are readily translocated to the peripheral circulation, generating bacteremia and endotoxemia, increasing the inflammation in the vascular endothelium and resulting in endothelial dysfunction. This review aimed to demonstrate how the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and the translocation of oral pathogen-induced inflammation to peripheral blood may be linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can regulate blood pressure and activate endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, the passage of periodontal microorganisms into the peripheral circulation and their virulence factors have been associated with a vascular compartment with a great capacity to activate endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and plaquettes and increase interleukin and chemokine secretion, as well as oxidative stress. This inflammatory process is related to atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis, and stroke. Therefore, oral diseases could be involved in CVDs via inflammation. The preclinic and clinical evidence suggests that periodontal disease increases the proinflammatory markers associated with endothelial dysfunction. Likewise, the evidence from clinical studies of periodontal treatment in the long term evidenced the reduction of these markers and improved overall health in patients with CVDs.
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Zou Z, Fang J, Ma W, Guo J, Shan Z, Ma D, Hu Q, Wen L, Wang Z. Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains Destroy the Vascular Barrier and Reduce CD99 and CD99L2 Expression To Regulate Transendothelial Migration. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0476922. [PMID: 37199607 PMCID: PMC10269447 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04769-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important periodontal pathogen that can cause vascular injury and invade local tissues through the blood circulation, and its ability to evade leukocyte killing is critical to its distal colonization and survival. Transendothelial migration (TEM) is a series of that enable leukocytes to squeeze through endothelial barriers and migrate into local tissues to perform immune functions. Several studies have shown that P. gingivalis-mediated endothelial damage initiates a series of proinflammatory signals that promote leukocyte adhesion. However, whether P. gingivalis is involved in TEM and thus influences immune cell recruitment remains unknown. In our study, we found that P. gingivalis gingipains could increase vascular permeability and promote Escherichia coli penetration by downregulating platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) expression in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that although P. gingivalis infection promoted monocyte adhesion, the TEM capacity of monocytes was substantially impaired, which might be due to the reduced CD99 and CD99L2 expression on gingipain-stimulated endothelial cells and leukocytes. Mechanistically, gingipains mediate CD99 and CD99L2 downregulation, possibly through the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. In addition, our in vivo model confirmed the role of P. gingivalis in promoting vascular permeability and bacterial colonization in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung and in downregulating PECAM-1, CD99, and CD99L2 expression in endothelial cells and leukocytes. IMPORTANCE P. gingivalis is associated with a variety of systemic diseases and colonizes in distal locations in the body. Here, we found that P. gingivalis gingipains degrade PECAM-1 to promote bacterial penetration while simultaneously reducing leukocyte TEM capacity. A similar phenomenon was also observed in a mouse model. These findings established P. gingivalis gingipains as the key virulence factor in modulating the permeability of the vascular barrier and TEM processes, which may provide a new rationale for the distal colonization of P. gingivalis and its associated systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Zou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Wen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Huang S, Cao G, Dai D, Xu Q, Ruiz S, Shindo S, Nakamura S, Kawai T, Lin J, Han X. Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles exacerbate retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1167160. [PMID: 37250057 PMCID: PMC10213754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness. Periodontitis is one of the highest oral incidences and has been closely related to various systemic conditions through Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). P. gingivalis OMVs, derived from P. gingivalis, can cause endothelial dysfunction and potentially affect microvascular diseases. Current epidemiological studies provide limited evidence suggesting that periodontitis is associated with DR. However, there is a lack of basic research elucidating how periodontitis affects the severity of DR. This study aimed to explore the potential of P. gingivalis OMVs to contribute to the pathogenesis of DR and explore how it affect the retinal microvascular endothelium. The results demonstrated that P. gingivalis OMVs accelerated the blood-retinal barrier damage in DR mice. In vitro studies showed that the expression of inflammatory factors in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) was increased after P. gingivalis OMVs stimulation, and the increased reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and altered endothelial permeability were observed in HRMECs under P. gingivalis OMVs stimulation. In addition, we found that protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) regulated OMVs-induced TNF-α, MMP-9 mRNA expression, cell death, and endothelial permeability. Overall, we suggested that P. gingivalis OMVs induced mitochondria-related cell death of HRMECs and accelerated endothelial dysfunction, thus aggravating DR, in which PAR-2 plays a potential role. This study is the first research report to delineate the potential molecular mechanism of P. gingivalis OMVs on DR pathogenesis, which uniquely focused on elucidating the possible impact of periodontal pathogen derivatives on DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Guoqin Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuping Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sunniva Ruiz
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Satoru Shindo
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Shin Nakamura
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Toshihisa Kawai
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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Singh AN, Nice JB, Brown AC, Wittenberg NJ. Identifying size-dependent toxin sorting in bacterial outer membrane vesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.03.539273. [PMID: 37205353 PMCID: PMC10187208 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.03.539273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play a critical role in cell-cell communication and virulence. Despite being isolated from a single population of bacteria, OMVs can exhibit heterogeneous size and toxin content, which can be obscured by assays that measure ensemble properties. To address this issue, we utilize fluorescence imaging of individual OMVs to reveal size-dependent toxin sorting. Our results showed that the oral bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) produces OMVs with a bimodal size distribution, where larger OMVs were much more likely to possess leukotoxin (LtxA). Among the smallest OMVs (< 100 nm diameter), the fraction that are toxin positive ranges from 0-30%, while the largest OMVs (> 200 nm diameter) are between 70-100% toxin positive. Our single OMV imaging method provides a non-invasive way to observe OMV surface heterogeneity at the nanoscale level and determine size-based heterogeneities without the need for OMV fraction separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarshi N. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A
| | - Justin B Nice
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A
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Ruan Q, Guan P, Qi W, Li J, Xi M, Xiao L, Zhong S, Ma D, Ni J. Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates atherosclerosis through an immune pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103592. [PMID: 36999040 PMCID: PMC10043234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, involving a pathological process of endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, plaque rupture, and arterial occlusion, and is one of the leading causes of death in the world population. The progression of AS is closely associated with several inflammatory diseases, among which periodontitis has been shown to increase the risk of AS. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), presenting in large numbers in subgingival plaque biofilms, is the “dominant flora” in periodontitis, and its multiple virulence factors are important in stimulating host immunity. Therefore, it is significant to elucidate the potential mechanism and association between P. gingivalis and AS to prevent and treat AS. By summarizing the existing studies, we found that P. gingivalis promotes the progression of AS through multiple immune pathways. P. gingivalis can escape host immune clearance and, in various forms, circulate with blood and lymph and colonize arterial vessel walls, directly inducing local inflammation in blood vessels. It also induces the production of systemic inflammatory mediators and autoimmune antibodies, disrupts the serum lipid profile, and thus promotes the progression of AS. In this paper, we summarize the recent evidence (including clinical studies and animal studies) on the correlation between P. gingivalis and AS, and describe the specific immune mechanisms by which P. gingivalis promotes AS progression from three aspects (immune escape, blood circulation, and lymphatic circulation), providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of AS by suppressing periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Ruan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Qi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Xi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sulan Zhong
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
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Fan R, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhong X, He F, Peng W, Li L, Wang X, Xu Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles Promote Apoptosis via msRNA-Regulated DNA Methylation in Periodontitis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0328822. [PMID: 36629433 PMCID: PMC9927323 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03288-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis contain a variety of bioactive molecules that may be involved in the progression of periodontitis. However, the participation of P. gingivalis OMVs in the development of periodontitis has not been elucidated. Here, we isolated P. gingivalis OMVs and confirmed their participation in periodontitis both in vivo and in vitro. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis showed that under stimulation with P. gingivalis OMVs, the alveolar bone of rats was significantly resorbed in vivo. We found that P. gingivalis OMVs were taken up by human periodontal ligament cells ([hPDLCs]) in vitro, which subsequently resulted in apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine release, which was accomplished by the microRNA-size small RNA (msRNA) sRNA45033 in the P. gingivalis OMVs. Through bioinformatics analysis and screening of target genes, chromobox 5 (CBX5) was identified as the downstream target of screened-out sRNA45033. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, overexpression, and knockdown methods, sRNA45033 was confirmed to target CBX5 to regulate hPDLC apoptosis. In addition, CUT&Tag (cleavage under targets and tagmentation) analysis confirmed the mechanism that CBX5 regulates apoptosis through the methylation of p53 DNA. Collectively, these findings indicate that the role of P. gingivalis OMVs is immunologically relevant and related to bacterial virulence during the development of periodontitis. IMPORTANCE P. gingivalis is a bacterium often associated with periodontitis. This study demonstrates that (i) sRNA45033 in P. gingivalis OMVs targets CBX5, (ii) CBX5 regulates the methylation of p53 DNA and its expression, which is associated with apoptosis, and (iii) a novel mechanism of interaction between hosts and pathogens is mediated by OMVs in the occurrence of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Fan
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianmei Zhong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Periodontics, Taizhou Stomatological Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Fanzhen He
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzao Peng
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Periodontics, the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Cai R, Wang L, Zhang W, Liu B, Wu Y, Pang J, Ma C. The role of extracellular vesicles in periodontitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151322. [PMID: 37114060 PMCID: PMC10126335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a prevalent disease and one of the leading causes of tooth loss. Biofilms are initiating factor of periodontitis, which can destroy periodontal tissue by producing virulence factors. The overactivated host immune response is the primary cause of periodontitis. The clinical examination of periodontal tissues and the patient's medical history are the mainstays of periodontitis diagnosis. However, there is a lack of molecular biomarkers that can be used to identify and predict periodontitis activity precisely. Non-surgical and surgical treatments are currently available for periodontitis, although both have drawbacks. In clinical practice, achieving the ideal therapeutic effect remains a challenge. Studies have revealed that bacteria produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to export virulence proteins to host cells. Meanwhile, periodontal tissue cells and immune cells produce EVs that have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, EVs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Recent studies have also presented that the content and composition of EVs in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can serve as possible periodontitis diagnostic indicators. In addition, studies have indicated that stem cell EVs may encourage periodontal regeneration. In this article, we mainly review the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianliang Pang
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
| | - Chufan Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Air Force Medical Center, The Fourth Military Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chufan Ma, ; Jianliang Pang,
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Deng DK, Zhang JJ, Gan D, Zou JK, Wu RX, Tian Y, Yin Y, Li X, Chen FM, He XT. Roles of extracellular vesicles in periodontal homeostasis and their therapeutic potential. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:545. [PMID: 36585740 PMCID: PMC9801622 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal tissue is a highly dynamic and frequently stimulated area where homeostasis is easily destroyed, leading to proinflammatory periodontal diseases. Bacteria-bacteria and cell-bacteria interactions play pivotal roles in periodontal homeostasis and disease progression. Several reviews have comprehensively summarized the roles of bacteria and stem cells in periodontal homeostasis. However, they did not describe the roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bacteria and cells. As communication mediators evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to eukaryotic cells, EVs secreted by bacteria or cells can mediate interactions between bacteria and their hosts, thereby offering great promise for the maintenance of periodontal homeostasis. This review offers an overview of EV biogenesis, the effects of EVs on periodontal homeostasis, and recent advances in EV-based periodontal regenerative strategies. Specifically, we document the pathogenic roles of bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs) in periodontal dyshomeostasis, focusing on plaque biofilm formation, immune evasion, inflammatory pathway activation and tissue destruction. Moreover, we summarize recent advancements in cell-derived EVs (CEVs) in periodontal homeostasis, emphasizing the multifunctional biological effects of CEVs on periodontal tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss future challenges and practical perspectives for the clinical translation of EV-based therapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Kun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiu-Jiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Kang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.
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Ohashi ASC, de Souza Schacher HR, Pizzato CS, Vianna MRMR, de Menezes LM. Zebrafish as model for studies in dentistry. J Orthod Sci 2022; 11:46. [PMID: 36411806 PMCID: PMC9674940 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_41_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last years, zebrafish has gained prominence in the biomedical community. It is currently considered one of the best vertebrate animal models for various types of studies, such as toxicology and developmental biology. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of zebrafish in dentistry and whether this animal model could be a viable alternative for performing different types of studies in this area. METHODS A literature search was performed using the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source. The keywords used as search terms were zebrafish and dentistry. The selection criteria were articles published in English that used zebrafish as an animal model in dentistry, oral health, and craniofacial growth/development. RESULTS The electronic search of literature yielded 421 articles. After the analysis of the abstracts, 29 articles were selected for an in-depth analysis and reading of the full text. CONCLUSIONS All studies included in this review confirm zebrafish's excellence as an animal model for various types of dentistry studies, as well as assisting and complementing other studies involving mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda S. C. Ohashi
- PhD Students, Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena R. de Souza Schacher
- PhD Students, Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica R. M. R. Vianna
- Professor at the Postgraduate Programs in Biology Cellular and Molecular and in Ecology and Evolution of Biodiversity, ZebLab, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciane M. de Menezes
- Professor at the School of Health Sciences and life (Dental Program) of the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Address for correspondence: Dr. Luciane M. de Menezes, Dental Program, School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6681 Ipiranga Avenue, Building n. 6, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil. E-mail:
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Li Q, Ouyang X, Lin J. The impact of periodontitis on vascular endothelial dysfunction. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:998313. [PMID: 36118034 PMCID: PMC9480849 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.998313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an oral inflammatory disease, originates from periodontal microbiota dysbiosis which is associated with the dysregulation of host immunoinflammatory response. This chronic infection is not only harmful to oral health but is also a risk factor for the onset and progress of various vascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and coronary arterial disease. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is the initial key pathological feature of vascular diseases. Clarifying the association between periodontitis and vascular endothelial dysfunction is undoubtedly a key breakthrough for understanding the potential relationship between periodontitis and vascular diseases. However, there is currently a lack of an updated review of their relationship. Therefore, we aim to focus on the implications of periodontitis in vascular endothelial dysfunction in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Ouyang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangying Ouyang, ; Jiang Lin,
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangying Ouyang, ; Jiang Lin,
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Farrugia C, Stafford GP, Gains AF, Cutts AR, Murdoch C. Fusobacterium nucleatum mediates endothelial damage and increased permeability following single species and polymicrobial infection. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1421-1433. [PMID: 35644006 PMCID: PMC9796848 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence link periodontal pathobionts and their virulence factors with endothelial damage. Most research has been conducted using single species infections at the exclusion of other periodontal microorganisms that have been identified in vascular tissue. Here, we assessed endothelial infection with either single or mixed periodontal species infection and examined their effect on endothelial damage and permeability. METHODS Cell surface abundance of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) or endothelial permeability following infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies (ssp) nucleatum, ssp polymorphum or Tannerella forsythia as single or mixed species infection was determined by flow cytometry and a fluorescent dextran permeability assay. Zebrafish embryos were infected systemically with either single or mixed species with mortality and disease measured over time. RESULTS F. nucleatum ssp nucleatum, ssp polymorphum and P. gingivalis significantly reduced PECAM-1 abundance in single species infection, whereas T. forsythia had no effect. F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum caused considerable mortality and morbidity in a zebrafish systemic infection model. Polymicrobial infection underscored the virulence of F. nucleatum ssp polymorphum in particular with increased endothelial cell death and reduced PECAM-1 abundance in co-infection studies with this organism. When injected systemically into zebrafish in polymicrobial infection, fluorescently labeled bacteria were distributed throughout the vasculature and cardiac region where, in some instances, they co-localized with each other. CONCLUSIONS These data provide further evidence on the effects of F. nucleatum on endothelium adhesion molecule abundance and permeability while also highlighting the importance of performing polymicrobial infection to study the molecular mechanisms associated with periodontal pathogen-induced vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher Farrugia
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK,Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Ashley F. Gains
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical DentistryUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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40
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Moradali MF, Ghods S, Bähre H, Lamont RJ, Scott DA, Seifert R. Atypical cyclic di-AMP signaling is essential for Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and regulation of cell envelope homeostasis and virulence. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:53. [PMID: 35794154 PMCID: PMC9259658 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00316-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens employ signaling systems through cyclic (di-) nucleotide monophosphates serving as second messengers to increase fitness during pathogenesis. However, signaling schemes via second messengers in Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key Gram-negative anaerobic oral pathogen, remain unknown. Here, we report that among various ubiquitous second messengers, P. gingivalis strains predominantly synthesize bis-(3',5')-cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), which is essential for their growth and survival. Our findings demonstrate an unusual regulation of c-di-AMP synthesis in P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) gene (pdepg) positively regulates c-di-AMP synthesis and impedes a decrease in c-di-AMP concentration despite encoding conserved amino acid motifs for phosphodiesterase activity. Instead, the predicted regulator gene cdaR, unrelated to the c-di-AMP PDE genes, serves as a potent negative regulator of c-di-AMP synthesis in this anaerobe. Further, our findings reveal that pdepg and cdaR are required to regulate the incorporation of ATP into c-di-AMP upon pyruvate utilization, leading to enhanced biofilm formation. We show that shifts in c-di-AMP signaling change the integrity and homeostasis of cell envelope, importantly, the structure and immunoreactivity of the lipopolysaccharide layer. Additionally, microbe-microbe interactions and the virulence potential of P. gingivalis were modulated by c-di-AMP. These studies provide the first glimpse into the scheme of second messenger signaling in P. gingivalis and perhaps other Bacteroidetes. Further, our findings indicate that c-di-AMP signaling promotes the fitness of the residents of the oral cavity and the development of a pathogenic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fata Moradali
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Shirin Ghods
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Heike Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Richard J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roland Seifert
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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41
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Li Y, Li H, Tong H, Maegelev M, Gu Z. Outer membrane vesicles derived from heatstroke-associated intestinal microbiota promote multiple organ injury in mice. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105653. [PMID: 35753600 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ injury is a common issue in heatstroke (HS); however, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear. As an early event in HS, intestinal injury is an active participant that drives organ injury. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a group of vesicles shed by unbalanced intestinal microbiota as "danger signals," mediate different functional cargo transport in cells and modulate varying biological events in distant target cells. However, the role of OMVs in HS-mediated organ damage remains unclear. Therefore, this study examined OMV production in HS and explored the effect of regulating multiple organ injury. To construct a mouse model, animals were exposed to hyperthermia. OMVs from the intestinal microbiota of HS and control mice were extracted by standardized differential ultracentrifugation. Thereafter, OMVs were characterized and infused into recipient mice via the tail vein. Cl-amidine (a pan-peptidylarginine deiminase inhibitor and OMV production inhibitor) was injected intraperitoneally (2 mg/kg) 2 h before HS treatment, and the absorption of HS OMVs by different organs was tracked. The effect of OMVs on inducing organ pathological changes, inflammatory infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, and serum organ injury biomarkers was demonstrated. HS increased OMV production by intestinal microbiota; OMVs were absorbed by different organs in vivo, and were especially enriched in the liver and lung. Compared to control OMVs, infusion with HS OMVs induced significant organ pathological changes, elevated inflammatory cell (macrophages and neutrophil) infiltration, inflammatory cytokine (TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, IL-6) expression, as well as serum biomarkers of organ injury. Similarly, inhibition of endogenous OMVs alleviated these organ injury indicators induced by HS. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to illustrate that OMVs induce acute organ impairment during severe HS, offering a foundation for subsequent studies and providing novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Treatment, Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, #183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, #183 Zhongshan Road West, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, #111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, #651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, #651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, 510030, Guangdong, China
| | - Husheng Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, #111 Liuhua Road, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - Marc Maegelev
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, D-51109, Köln, Germany; Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), University Witten/Herdecke (UW/H), Campus Cologne-Merheim, Ostmerheimerstr. 200, D-51109, Köln, Germany
| | - Zhengtao Gu
- Department of Treatment, Center for Traumatic Injuries, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, #183 Zhongshan Road West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, #183 Zhongshan Road West, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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Kabwe M, Dashper S, Tucci J. The Microbiome in Pancreatic Cancer-Implications for Diagnosis and Precision Bacteriophage Therapy for This Low Survival Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:871293. [PMID: 35663462 PMCID: PMC9160434 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.871293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the mortality rates for many cancers have decreased due to improved detection and treatments, that of pancreatic cancer remains stubbornly high. The microbiome is an important factor in the progression of many cancers. Greater understanding of the microbiome in pancreatic cancer patients, as well as its manipulation, may assist in diagnosis and treatment of this disease. In this report we reviewed studies that compared microbiome changes in pancreatic cancer patients and non-cancer patients. We then identified which bacterial genera were most increased in relative abundance across the oral, pancreatic, duodenal, and faecal tissue microbiomes. In light of these findings, we discuss the potential for utilising these bacteria as diagnostic biomarkers, as well as their potential control using precision targeting with bacteriophages, in instances where a causal oncogenic link is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwila Kabwe
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart Dashper
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Tucci
- Department of Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
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43
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Yoshino N, Ikeda T, Nakao R. Dual Inhibitory Activity of Petroselinic Acid Enriched in Fennel Against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:816047. [PMID: 35663901 PMCID: PMC9161081 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that a major periodontal pathobiont, Porphyromonas gingivalis, triggers oral dysbiosis leading to deterioration not only of periodontal health, but also of several systemic conditions. In the present study we identified remarkable anti-P. gingivalis activity of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), an herbal plant used in Asian cuisine as well as in traditional medicine, by screening of 92 extracts prepared from 23 edible plants. The n-hexane-extracted fennel (HEF) showed a rapid lethal action toward P. gingivalis, while it was rather ineffective with a wide range of other oral commensal bacterial species. Morphological analysis using both high-speed atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that a low concentration of HEF (8 μg/mL) resulted in formation of protruding nanostructures composed of outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-like particles, while a high concentration of HEF (64 μg/mL) induced bacteriolysis with overproduction of OMVs with unusual surface properties. Interestingly, HEF treatment resulted in deprivation of two outer membrane transporter proteins, RagA and RagB, which is essential for nutrient acquisition in P. gingivalis, by extracellularly releasing RagA/RagB-enriched OMVs. Furthermore, HEF showed gingipain-inhibitory activity toward both arginine-specific (Rgps) and lysine-specific (Kgp) gingipains, resulting in blocking oral epithelial cell rounding and the subsequent detachment from culture dishes. Finally, we isolated petroselinic acid as a major bactericide as well as a gingipain inhibitor through a bioassay-guided fractionation of HEF. Taken together, our findings suggest clinical applicability of HEF and petroselinic acid for periodontitis therapy to eliminate P. gingivalis and its major virulence factors on the basis of the dual anti-P. gingivalis activity, i.e., rapid bacteriolysis and gingipain inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Yoshino
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Research and Analysis Center, S&B Foods Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ikeda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryoma Nakao
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Ryoma Nakao,
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Seymour T, Zhang J. Porphyromonas Gingivalis in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Therapeutic Target. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 7:45-53. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2021.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Zhang J, Xie M, Huang X, Chen G, Yin Y, Lu X, Feng G, Yu R, Chen L. The Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Atherosclerosis-Related Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:766560. [PMID: 35003080 PMCID: PMC8734595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), one of the most common types of cardiovascular disease, has initially been attributed to the accumulation of fats and fibrous materials. However, more and more researchers regarded it as a chronic inflammatory disease nowadays. Infective disease, such as periodontitis, is related to the risk of atherosclerosis. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the most common bacteria in stomatology, is usually discovered in atherosclerotic plaque in patients. Furthermore, it was reported that P. gingivalis can promote the progression of atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of P. gingivalis in atherosclerosis attracted attention, which is thought to be crucial to the therapy of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is much complicated, and many kinds of cells participate in it. By summarizing existing studies, we find that P. gingivalis can influence the function of many cells in atherosclerosis. It can induce the dysfunction of endothelium, promote the formation of foam cells as well as the proliferation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells, and lead to the imbalance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper (Th) cells, ultimately promoting the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the specific mechanism of atherosclerosis caused by P. gingivalis. It sorts out the interaction between P. gingivalis and AS-related cells, which provides a new perspective for us to prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of AS by inhibiting periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxia Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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46
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Czerniuk MR, Surma S, Romańczyk M, Nowak JM, Wojtowicz A, Filipiak KJ. Unexpected Relationships: Periodontal Diseases: Atherosclerosis-Plaque Destabilization? From the Teeth to a Coronary Event. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:272. [PMID: 35205138 PMCID: PMC8869674 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and periodontal disease (PD) are global health problems. High frequency of ASCVD is associated with the spread of many risk factors, including poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperuricemia, excessive stress, virus infection, genetic predisposition, etc. The pathogenesis of ASCVD is complex, while inflammation plays an important role. PD is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease caused by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota, causing the progressive destruction of the bone and periodontal tissues surrounding the teeth. The main etiological factor of PD is the bacteria, which are capable of activating the immune response of the host inducing an inflammatory response. PD is associated with a mixed microbiota, with the evident predominance of anaerobic bacteria and microaerophilic. The "red complex" is an aggregate of three oral bacteria: Tannerella forsythia Treponema denticola and Porphyromonas gingivalis responsible for severe clinical manifestation of PD. ASCVD and PD share a number of risk factors, and it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between these diseases. The influence of PD on ASCVD should be treated as a factor increasing the risk of atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and cardiovascular events. The results of observational studies indicate that PD significantly increases the risk of ASCVD. In interventional studies, PD treatment was found to have a beneficial effect in the prevention and control of ASCVD. This comprehensive review summarizes the current knowledge of the relationship between PD and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej R. Czerniuk
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Stanisław Surma
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Monika Romańczyk
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Jacek M. Nowak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Wojtowicz
- Department of Dental Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (M.R.C.); (J.M.N.); (A.W.)
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Maria-Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland;
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Delivery of Toxins and Effectors by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120845. [PMID: 34941684 PMCID: PMC8703475 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria interact with cells of their host via many factors. The surface components, i.e., adhesins, lipoproteins, LPS and glycoconjugates, are particularly important in the initial stages of colonization. They enable adhesion and multiplication, as well as the formation of biofilms. In contrast, virulence factors such as invasins and toxins act quickly to damage host cells, causing tissue destruction and, consequently, organ dysfunction. These proteins must be exported from the bacterium and delivered to the host cell in order to function effectively. Bacteria have developed a number of one- and two-step secretion systems to transport their proteins to target cells. Recently, several authors have postulated the existence of another transport system (sometimes called "secretion system type zero"), which utilizes extracellular structures, namely membrane vesicles (MVs). This review examines the role of MVs as transporters of virulence factors and the interaction of toxin-containing vesicles and other protein effectors with different human cell types. We focus on the unique ability of vesicles to cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver protein effectors from intestinal or oral bacteria to the central nervous system.
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48
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Ezhilarasan D. Deciphering the toxicological role of Porphyromonas gingivalis derived endotoxins in liver diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103755. [PMID: 34662732 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a most prevalent and infectious multifactorial inflammatory disease and is characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a Gram‑negative oral anaerobe, mainly causes periodontitis and it is one of the most important risk factors responsible for aggravation of existing systemic diseases. Several experimental and clinical studies have shown the positive association between periodontitis and different forms of liver disease. Periodontal diseases increase the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and cirrhosis. Infected periodontium and pathogens in the periodontal microenvironments release pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharides, gingipain, fimbria, bacterial DNA, etc, and damage-associated molecular patterns such as interleukins-1α, β, - 8, and galectin-3, etc. These virulence factors and cytokines enter the bloodstream, disseminate into the whole body, and induce a variety of systemic pathological effects, including liver diseases (steatosis and fibrosis). Maintaining oral hygiene by scaling and root planning significantly improves liver damage in patients with periodontitis. Dentists and physicians should have more awareness in understanding the bidirectional nature of the relationship between oral and systemic diseases. Importantly, periodontitis condition aggravates simple fatty liver into fibrotic disease and therefore, the aim of this review is to understand the possible link between periodontitis and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, The Blue Lab, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Division, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
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49
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Yu W, Lu L, Ji X, Qian Q, Lin X, Wang H. Recent Advances on Possible Association Between the Periodontal Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Central Nervous System Injury. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:51-59. [PMID: 34487050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) infection generally lasts for a lifetime. The long-term existence and development of P. gingivalis infection gradually aggravate the accumulation of inflammatory signals and toxic substances in the body. Recent evidence has revealed that P. gingivalis infection may be relevant to some central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The current work collects information and tries to explore the possible relationship between P. gingivalis infection and CNS diseases, including the interaction or pathways between peripheral infection and CNS injury, and the underlying neurotoxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xintong Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohan Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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50
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Yoshida K, Yoshida K, Fujiwara N, Seyama M, Ono K, Kawai H, Guo J, Wang Z, Weng Y, Yu Y, Uchida-Fukuhara Y, Ikegame M, Sasaki A, Nagatsuka H, Kamioka H, Okamura H, Ozaki K. Extracellular vesicles of P. gingivalis-infected macrophages induce lung injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166236. [PMID: 34389473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory diseases that are induced by infection with periodontal bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). The association between periodontal diseases and many types of systemic diseases has been demonstrated; the term "periodontal medicine" is used to describe how periodontal infection/inflammation may impact extraoral health. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the factors produced in the oral cavity reach multiple distant organs and impact general health have not been elucidated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized spherical structures secreted by various types of cells into the tissue microenvironment, and influence pathophysiological conditions by delivering their cargo. However, a detailed understanding of the effect of EVs on periodontal medicine is lacking. In this study, we investigated whether EVs derived from Pg-infected macrophages reach distant organs in mice and influence the pathophysiological status. EVs were isolated from human macrophages, THP-1 cells, infected with Pg. We observed that EVs from Pg-infected THP-1 cells (Pg-inf EVs) contained abundant core histone proteins such as histone H3 and translocated to the lungs, liver, and kidneys of mice. Pg-inf EVs also induced pulmonary injury, including edema, vascular congestion, inflammation, and collagen deposition causing alveoli destruction. The Pg-inf EVs or the recombinant histone H3 activated the NF-κB pathway, leading to increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial A549 cells. Our results suggest a possible mechanism by which EVs produced in periodontal diseases contribute to the progression of periodontal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kaya Yoshida
- Department of Oral Healthcare Education, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Fujiwara
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mariko Seyama
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kisho Ono
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Biopathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiajie Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China; Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yao Weng
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yaqiong Yu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, China; Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoko Uchida-Fukuhara
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mika Ikegame
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Sasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Biopathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Okamura
- Department of Oral Morphology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ozaki
- Department of Oral Healthcare Promotion, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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