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Dai X, Liu Y, Wu Y, Wang S, Guo Q, Feng X, Zhao F, Li Y, Lan L, Li X. DYZY01 alleviates pulmonary hypertension via inhibiting endothelial cell pyroptosis and rescuing endothelial dysfunction. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176785. [PMID: 38942262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a malignant pulmonary vascular disease with a poor prognosis. Although the development of targeted drugs for this disease has made some breakthroughs in recent decades, PH remains incurable. Therefore, innovative clinical treatment methods and drugs for PH are still urgently needed. DYZY01 is a new drug whose main ingredient is high-purity cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive constituent of cannabinoids that was demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory and anti-pyroptosis properties. Several recent studies have found cannabidiol could improve experimental PH, whereas the mechanistic effect of it warrants further investigation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether DYZY01 can treat PH by inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis and to reveal its underlying mechanism. We established hypoxia and monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH rat models in vivo and treated them with either DYZY01 (10,50 mg/kg/d) or Riociguat (10 mg/kg/d) by oral administration. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), and extent of vascular remodeling were measured. Meanwhile, the effect of DYZY01 on human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) was assessed in vitro. The results indicated that DYZY01 significantly reduced mPAP and RVHI in PH rats and reversed the extent of pulmonary vascular remodeling. This improvement may have been achieved by reducing endothelial cell pyroptosis via inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Furthermore, DYZY01 could improve endothelial vascular function, possibly by regulating the secretion of vasodilator factors and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of pulmonary endothelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Pyroptosis/drug effects
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Rats
- Male
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Cannabidiol/pharmacology
- Cannabidiol/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yusi Wu
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Deyi Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 102600, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Deyi Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 102600, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexiang Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Feilong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Deyi Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 102600, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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2
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Zhou X, Yang X, Huang S, Lin G, Lei K, Wang Q, Lin W, Li H, Qi X, Seriwatanachai D, Yang S, Shao B, Yuan Q. Inhibition of METTL3 Alleviates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via Increasing Ubiquitination of NEK7. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308786. [PMID: 38696610 PMCID: PMC11234428 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, installed by METTL3-METTL14 complex, is abundant and critical in eukaryotic mRNA. However, its role in oral mucosal immunity remains ambiguous. Periodontitis is a special but prevalent infectious disease characterized as hyperinflammation of oral mucosa and bone resorption. Here, it is reported that genetic deletion of Mettl3 alleviates periodontal destruction via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mechanistically, the stability of TNFAIP3 (also known as A20) transcript is significantly attenuated upon m6A modification. When silencing METTL3, accumulated TNFAIP3 functioning as a ubiquitin-editing enzyme facilitates the ubiquitination of NEK7 [NIMA (never in mitosis gene a)-related kinase 7], and subsequently impairs NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Furtherly, Coptisine chloride, a natural small-molecule, is discovered as a novel METTL3 inhibitor and performs therapeutic effect on periodontitis. The study unveils a previously unknown pathogenic mechanism of METTL3-mediated m6A modifications in periodontitis and indicates METTL3 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Department of ProsthodonticsShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyShanghai Research Institute of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200011China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Shenzhen Huang
- Henan Eye InstituteHenan Eye Hospital and Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceHenan Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityPeople's Hospital of Henan UniversityZhengzhou450003China
| | - Guifeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Hanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Xingying Qi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of oral implantologyStomatological Hospital and Dental SchoolTongji UniversityShanghai200072China
| | | | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
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3
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Guan X, Zhu S, Song J, Liu K, Liu M, Xie L, Wang Y, Wu J, Xu X, Pang T. Microglial CMPK2 promotes neuroinflammation and brain injury after ischemic stroke. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101522. [PMID: 38701781 PMCID: PMC11148565 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in ischemic injury, which can be promoted by oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA). Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) regulates mtDNA replication, but its role in neuroinflammation and ischemic injury remains unknown. Here, we report that CMPK2 expression is upregulated in monocytes/macrophages and microglia post-stroke in humans and mice, respectively. Microglia/macrophage CMPK2 knockdown using the Cre recombination-dependent adeno-associated virus suppresses the inflammatory responses in the brain, reduces infarcts, and improves neurological outcomes in ischemic CX3CR1Cre/ERT2 mice. Mechanistically, CMPK2 knockdown limits newly synthesized mtDNA and Ox-mtDNA formation and subsequently blocks NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia/macrophages. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), as a CMPK2 inhibitor, is discovered to reduce neuroinflammation and ischemic injury in mice and prevent the inflammatory responses in primary human monocytes from ischemic patients. Thus, these findings identify CMPK2 as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke and other brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Sitong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Kui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Center for Innovative Traditional Chinese Medicine Target and New Drug Research, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province 322000, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China.
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4
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Yu Y, Gao Y, Zeng Y, Ge W, Tang C, Xie X, Liu L. Multifunctional hyaluronic acid/gelatin methacryloyl core-shell microneedle for comprehensively treating oral mucosal ulcers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131221. [PMID: 38554926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Oral ulceration is the most common oral mucosal disease. Oral mucosal ulcers are extremely painful, may interfere with eating and speaking, and potentially complicate systemic symptoms in severe cases. The humid and highly dynamic environment of the oral cavity makes local drug administration for treating oral mucosal ulcers challenging. To overcome these challenges, we designed and prepared a novel dissolving microneedle (MN) patch containing multiple drugs in a core-shell to promote oral ulcer healing. The MNs contained a methacrylate gelatin shell layer of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a hyaluronic acid (HA) core loaded with dexamethasone (DXMS), and zeolite imidazoline framework-8 (ZIF-8) encapsulated in the HA-based backplane. Progressive degradation of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) from the tip of the MN patch in the oral mucosa resulted in sustained bFGF release at the lesion site, significantly promoting cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the rapid release of HA and, subsequently, DXMS inhibited inflammation, and the remaining MN backing after the tip dissolved behaved as a dressing, releasing ZIF-8 for its antimicrobial effects. This novel, multifunctional, transmucosal core-shell MN patch exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-healing effects in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that it can promote oral ulcer healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yijun Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yiyu Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Wenhui Ge
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical university, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical university, Wenzhou 325200, China..
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5
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Torabi J, Luis H, Hurlbutt M. Anticaries and Antigingivitis Properties of Cannabinoid-Containing Oral Health Products: A Review. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024. [PMID: 38593455 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the anticaries and antigingivitis properties of cannabinoid-containing oral health products. A systematic research strategy was employed. Specific search terms were used, including "Cannabinoids AND dental caries," "Cannabinoids AND oral health," "Cannabinoids AND dental plaque," "Cannabinoids AND gingivitis AND periodontitis," "Cannabinoids AND S. mutans," "Cannabidiol AND oral health," and "Cannabidiol AND oral biofilm." The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, and EBSCO Host databases. The search yielded a total of 73 articles, out of which 15 articles (20.5%) were relevant to the scope of this systematic review. Among the relevant articles, only eight (10.9%) directly addressed the research question. The findings from these articles suggest that cannabinoids have the potential to reduce the metabolism of cariogenic bacteria, specifically Streptococcus mutans, and decrease the number of bacterial colonies in dental plaque. In vitro studies also demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect of cannabinoids on oral biofilms and create a considerable inhibitory zone of growth when investigated on oral biofilms in vitro. Furthermore, CBD exhibited antibacterial properties against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a primary pathogen associated with periodontal disease. The current review shows insufficient data to conclude on the anticaries and antigingivitis effects of cannabinoids. Despite extensive research on their systemic therapeutic benefits, their oral health impact remains underexplored, lacking clinical trials and primary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila Torabi
- West Coast University, Dental Hygiene Program, Anaheim, CA, USA
- Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), RHODes-Dental Hygienists for Science, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Henrique Luis
- Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), RHODes-Dental Hygienists for Science, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechcare), Polytechnic of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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6
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Shuai X, Kang N, Li Y, Bai M, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Lin W, Li H, Liu C, Lin H, Yuan Q. Recombination humanized type III collagen promotes oral ulcer healing. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1286-1295. [PMID: 36794945 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recombinant humanized type III collagen (rhCol III) is a highly adhesive biomaterial composed of 16 adhesion-related tandem repeats refined from human type III collagen. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of rhCol III on oral ulcers and reveal the underlying mechanism. METHODS Acid-induced oral ulcers were induced on the murine tongue, and rhCol III or saline drops were administered. The effect of rhCol III on oral ulcers was assessed using gross and histological analyses. The effects on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human oral keratinocytes were investigated in vitro. The underlying mechanism was explored using RNA sequencing. RESULTS Administration of rhCol III accelerated the lesion closure of oral ulcers, reduced the release of inflammatory factors, and alleviated pain. rhCol III promoted the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human oral keratinocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, the enrichment of genes associated with the Notch signaling pathway was upregulated after rhCol III treatment. CONCLUSION rhCol III promoted the healing of oral ulcers, showing promising therapeutic potential in oral clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxuan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Lin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Yan Y, Liu T, Tian X, Liu J, Chen Q, Zhao H. A double-layer thin oral film for wet oral mucosa adhesion and efficient treatment of oral ulcers. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3015-3021. [PMID: 38426569 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02976j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Oral ulceration (OU), a prevalent oral mucosal condition causing significant pain and hindering eating and speaking, adversely impacts the patient's quality of life. Topical medications are preferred for their minimal side effects and convenient administration. However, existing formulations generally present discomfort and insufficient drug retention due to the thick formulations and poor adhesion, which considerably restrict their therapeutic effectiveness. In this study, a thin and lightweight double-layer oral film based on FDA approved excipients with excellent adhesion under wet oral conditions and outstanding biocompatibility is successfully developed by a simple method. It consists of an adhesive layer for anchoring in situ to delivery drugs and a hydrophobic layer to isolate the saliva for unidirectional drug delivery. The double-layer oral film with extremely thin appearance (only 0.11 mm thick) offers excellent adhesion (up to 150 min on an SD rat oral ulceration), which was also matched with its drug release time (87.47% release in 2 h). Animal experiments confirmed that the double-layer oral film carrying dexamethasone sodium phosphate achieved satisfactory efficacy in the SD rat oral ulcer model. Hence, this biologically friendly double-layer thin oral film holds great promise for clinical application in topical drug therapy for oral mucosal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Chu FX, Wang X, Li B, Xu LL, Di B. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a vital player in inflammation and mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of CBD. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:227-242. [PMID: 38191853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01831-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome is a vital player in the emergence of inflammation. The priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major trigger for inflammation which is a defense response against adverse stimuli. However, the excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can lead to the development of various inflammatory diseases. Cannabidiol, as the second-most abundant component in cannabis, has a variety of pharmacological properties, particularly anti-inflammation. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol has a lower affinity for cannabinoid receptors, which may be the reason why it is not psychoactive. Notably, the mechanism by which cannabidiol exerts its anti-inflammatory effect is still unclear. METHODS We have performed a literature review based on published original and review articles encompassing the NLRP3 inflammasome and cannabidiol in inflammation from central databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS In this review, we first summarize the composition and activation process of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Then, we list possible molecular mechanisms of action of cannabidiol. Next, we explain the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the anti-inflammatory effect of cannabidiol in inflammatory disorders. Finally, we emphasize the capacity of cannabidiol to suppress inflammation by blocking the NLRP3 signaling pathway, which indicates that cannabidiol is a quite promising anti-inflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xin Chu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Li
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Bin Di
- Office of China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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9
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Zhao B, Xu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Yu L, Yuan Q. Periplaneta americana extract promotes hard palate mucosal wound healing via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in male mice. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 158:105856. [PMID: 38056227 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effect of Periplaneta americana extract, a traditional Chinese medicine, on hard palate mucosal wound healing and explore the underlying mechanisms. DESIGN Hard palate mucosal wound model was established and the effects of Periplaneta americana extract on hard palate mucosal wound healing were investigated by stereomicroscopy observation and histological evaluation in vivo. Human oral keratinocytes and human gingival fibroblasts, which play key roles in hard palate mucosal wound healing, were selected as the main research cells in vitro. The effects of Periplaneta americana extract on cell proliferation, migration, and collagen formation were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, Transwell assay, and Van Gieson staining. The underlying mechanism was revealed by RNA sequencing, and results were verified by western blot assay. RESULTS Stereomicroscopy observation and H&E staining confirmed that Periplaneta americana extract accelerated the healing rate of hard palate mucosal wound (p < 0.001) in vivo. Transwell assay and Van Gieson staining assay showed that Periplaneta americana extract promoted the migration and collagen formation of human oral keratinocytes (p < 0.001) and human gingival fibroblasts (p < 0.001) in vitro. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing and western blot assay demonstrated that Periplaneta americana extract promoted hard palate mucosal wound healing via PI3K/AKT signaling, and the beneficial effects of Periplaneta americana extract were abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Periplaneta americana extract shows promising effects for the promotion of hard palate mucosal wound healing and may be a novel candidate for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Leixiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Chapp AD, Shan Z, Chen QH. Acetic Acid: An Underestimated Metabolite in Ethanol-Induced Changes in Regulating Cardiovascular Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:139. [PMID: 38397737 PMCID: PMC10886048 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid is a bioactive short-chain fatty acid produced in large quantities from ethanol metabolism. In this review, we describe how acetic acid/acetate generates oxidative stress, alters the function of pre-sympathetic neurons, and can potentially influence cardiovascular function in both humans and rodents after ethanol consumption. Our recent findings from in vivo and in vitro studies support the notion that administration of acetic acid/acetate generates oxidative stress and increases sympathetic outflow, leading to alterations in arterial blood pressure. Real-time investigation of how ethanol and acetic acid/acetate modulate neural control of cardiovascular function can be conducted by microinjecting compounds into autonomic control centers of the brain and measuring changes in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in response to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Chapp
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;
| | - Qing-Hui Chen
- Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA;
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11
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Min Q, Chen Y, Geng H, Gao Q, Zhang X, Xu M. Causal relationship between PCOS and related sex hormones with oral inflammatory diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1282056. [PMID: 38264282 PMCID: PMC10803436 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1282056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have identified a strong association between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hormone levels related to oral inflammatory diseases. To better understand the relationship between them, we conducted an analysis using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods We gathered summary statistical data from previously published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on PCOS and three sex hormones (AMH, Estradiol, LH) along with four oral inflammatory diseases (painful gums, loose teeth, mouth ulcers, and toothache). We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables and employed four types of MR analysis methods to evaluate causal relationships between exposure and outcome. Finally, the robustness of our results was further validated through sensitivity tests and reverse MR. Results We observed that PCOS could increase the risk of mouth ulcers (ORIVW= 1.0013, 95%CI: 1.0001-1.0025, PIVW = 0.0278), painful gums (ORIVW= 1.0015, 95%CI:1.0003-1.0027, PIVW = 0.0163), and loose teeth (ORIVW= 1.0014, 95%CI: 1.0001-1.0027, PIVW = 0.0328). Moreover, LH was also found to increase the risk of mouth ulcers (ORIVW= 1.0031, 95%CI: 0.0001-1.0062, PIVW = 0.0457). MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and WE indicated similar results. Additionally, we discovered no causal link between PCOS and toothache (PIVW>0.05), LH and painful gums, loose teeth, or toothache (PIVW>0.05), or AMH and Estradiol level with any of the four oral diseases (PIVW>0.05). Conclusion Our research provides new insights and references for exploring the effects of PCOS and related hormones on oral inflammatory lesions. For patients with PCOS, especially those with elevated LH levels, early intervention measures should be taken to prevent the occurrence of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusi Min
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongling Geng
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Cai X, Zhu J, Luo X, Jin G, Huang Y, Li L. A Thermally Stable Recombinant Human Fibronectin Peptide-Fused Protein (rhFN3C) for Faster Aphthous Ulcer (AU) Healing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 11:38. [PMID: 38247915 PMCID: PMC10813363 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 59.4-100% of head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy or radio chemotherapy suffer from aphthous ulcers (AUs), which seriously affect the subsequent treatment. At the same time, AUs are a common oral mucosal disease with a high incidence rate among the population, often accompanied by severe pain, and affect both physical and mental health. Strategies to increase the ulcer healing rate and relieve pain symptoms quickly is a long-term clinical objective. Oral mucosal discontinuity is the main histological hallmark of AUs. So, covering the inner mucosal defect with an in vitro engineered oral mucosal equivalent shows good prospects for AU alleviation. Fibronectin (FN) is a glycopeptide in the extracellular matrix and exhibits opsonic properties, aiding the phagocytosis and clearance of foreign pathogens through all stages of ulcer healing. But native FN comes from animal blood, which has potential health risks. rhFN3C was designed with multi-domains of native FN, whose core functions are the recruitment of cells and growth factors to accelerate AU healing. rhFN3C is a peptide-fused recombinant protein. The peptides are derived from the positions of 1444-1545 (FNIII10) and 1632-1901 (FNIII12-14) in human native FN. We optimized the fermentation conditions of rhFN3C in E. coli BL21 to enable high expression levels. rhFN3C is thermally stable and nontoxic for L929, strongly promotes the migration and adhesion of HaCaT, decreases the incidence of wound infection, and shortens the mean healing time by about 2 days compared to others (p < 0.01). rhFN3C may have great potential for use in the treatment of AUs. The specific methods and mechanisms of rhFN3C are yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Gability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (G.J.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiawen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Gability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (G.J.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Gability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (G.J.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guoguo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Gability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (G.J.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Gability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (G.J.); (Y.H.)
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Drug Gability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (X.C.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (G.J.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Artificial Organs and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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13
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Wilson G, Yang L, Su X, Ding S, Li L, Yang Y, Wang X, Wang W, Sa Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Ma X. Exploring the therapeutic potential of natural compounds modulating the endocannabinoid system in various diseases and disorders: review. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1410-1444. [PMID: 37906390 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of the endocannabinoids make up the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The components of the ECS are proven to modulate a vast bulk of various physiological and pathological processes due to their abundance throughout the human body. Such discoveries have attracted the researchers' attention and emerged as a potential therapeutical target for the treatment of various diseases. In the present article, we reviewed the discoveries of natural compounds, herbs, herbs formula, and their therapeutic properties in various diseases and disorders by modulating the ECS. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds elicit their properties by interacting with the ECS based on the existing findings. Our study provides the insight into the use of natural compounds that modulate ECS in various diseases and disorders, which in turn may facilitate future studies exploiting natural lead compounds as novel frameworks for designing more effective and safer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gidion Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaojuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Liuyan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Youyue Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Weibiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yuping Sa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jianyu Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Minhoushangjie, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shenli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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14
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Pan Y, Lv H, Zhang F, Chen S, Cheng Y, Ma S, Hu H, Liu X, Cai X, Fan F, Gong S, Chen P, Chu Q. Green tea extracts alleviate acetic acid-induced oral inflammation and reconstruct oral microbial balance in mice. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5291-5308. [PMID: 37889079 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity contains the second largest microbial community in the human body. Due to the highly vascularized feature of mouth, oral microbes could directly access the bloodstream and affect the host healthy systemically. The imbalance of oral microbiota is closely related to various oral and systemic diseases. Green tea extracts (GTE) mainly contain tea polyphenols, alkaloids, amino acid, flavones, and so on, which equipped with excellent anti-inflammatory activities. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of GTE on oral health. However, most researches used in vitro models or focused on limited microorganisms. In this study, the regulatory effect of GTE on oral microbiome and the alleviative effect on oral inflammation in vivo were evaluated. The results showed that GTE could efficiently alleviate the inflammations of the tongue, cheek pouch, as well as throat. GTE effectively inhibited the activation of NF-κB through the upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10, consequently leading to reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The indexes of spleen and thymus were also elevated by GTE in stomatitis mice. Moreover, GTE promoted the growth of probiotics Lactobacillus and Bacillus, inhibited the reproduction of pathogens Achromobacter, reversing the microbiota disorders in oral cavity. This study not only presents a novel approach for enhancing oral microecology but also facilitates the wider adoption of tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Pan
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Helin Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuyuan Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxi Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Hangzhou Real Taste Tea Culture Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Ma
- Wuzhou Liubao Tea Research Association, Wuzhou, China
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Wuyistar Tea Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuyishan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Cai
- Wuyistar Tea Industrial Co., Ltd., Wuyishan, China
| | - Fangyuan Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Gong
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Pan Y, Lv H, Feng X, Zhou S, Hu H, Chen S, Cheng Y, Fan F, Gong S, Chen P, Chu Q. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alleviates the inflammatory response and recovers oral microbiota in acetic acid-induced oral inflammation mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10069-10082. [PMID: 37867423 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The oral microbiota, the second largest microbiome in the human body, plays an integral role in maintaining both the local oral and systemic health of the host. Oral microecological imbalances have been identified as a potential risk factor for numerous oral and systemic diseases. As a representative component of tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has demonstrated inhibitory effects on most pathogens in single-microbial models. In this study, the regulatory effect of EGCG on more complex oral microbial systems was further explored through a mouse model of acetic acid-induced oral inflammation. Acetic acid induces histological damage in the cheek pouch, tongue, and throat, such as broken mucosa, submucosal edema, and muscular disorders. These detrimental effects were ameliorated significantly following EGCG treatment. Additionally, EGCG reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α to alleviate the inflammation of the tongue, cheek pouch, and throat. According to the 16S rDNA gene sequencing data, EGCG treatment contributed to increased diversity of the oral microbiota and the reversal of oral microecological disorder. This study demonstrates the regulatory effect of EGCG on dysregulated oral microbiota, providing a potential option for the prevention and treatment of oral-microbiota-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Pan
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Helin Lv
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Su Zhou
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hao Hu
- College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuxi Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yan Cheng
- Hangzhou Real Taste Tea Culture Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Fangyuan Fan
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shuying Gong
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiang Chu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Ni B, Liu Y, Dai M, Zhao J, Liang Y, Yang X, Han B, Jiang M. The role of cannabidiol in aging. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115074. [PMID: 37418976 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is usually considered a key risk factor associated with multiple diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Furthermore, the burden of age-related diseases has become a global challenge. It is of great significance to search for drugs to extend lifespan and healthspan. Cannabidiol (CBD), a natural nontoxic phytocannabinoid, has been regarded as a potential candidate drug for antiaging. An increasing number of studies have suggested that CBD could benefit healthy longevity. Herein, we summarized the effect of CBD on aging and analyzed the possible mechanism. All these conclusions may provide a perspective for further study of CBD on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanying Liu
- Department of Basic Medical, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao 266427, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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17
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Pénzes Z, Alimohammadi S, Horváth D, Oláh A, Tóth BI, Bácsi A, Szöllősi AG. The dual role of cannabidiol on monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240800. [PMID: 37680639 PMCID: PMC10482398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracts and compounds isolated from hemp (Cannabis sativa) are increasingly gaining popularity in the treatment of a number of diseases, with topical formulations for dermatological conditions leading the way. Phytocannabinoids such as ( )-cannabidiol, ( )-cannabinol and ( )-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (CBD, CBN, and THCV, respectively), are present in variable amounts in the plant, and have been shown to have mostly anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, albeit dominantly in murine models. The role of phytocannabinoids in regulating responses of dendritic cells (DCs) remains unclear. Methods Our research aimed to investigate the effects of CBD, CBN, and THCV on human DCs differentiated from monocytes (moDCs). moDCs were treated with up to 10 μM of each phytocannabinoid, and their effects on viability, differentiation, and maturation were assessed both alone, and in conjunction with TLR agonists. The effects of CBD on cytokine production, T cell activation and polarization as well as the transcriptome of moDCs was also determined. Results Phytocannabinoids did not influence the viability of moDCs up to 10 μM, and only CBD had effects on maturational markers of moDCs, and neither compound influenced LPS-induced activation at 10 μM. Since only CBD had measurable effects on moDCs, in our subsequent experiments we tested the effect only of that pCB. On moDCs differentiated in the presence of CBD subsequent activation by LPS induced a markedly different, much more tolerogenic response. CBD-treated moDCs also produced significantly more interleukin (IL)-6, TNFα and, importantly, IL-10 in response to LPS, which shows a shift toward anti-inflammatory signaling, as well as a more robust secretory response in general. To rule out the possibility that these effects of CBD are specific to TLR4 signaling, we determined the effect of CBD on TLR7/8-induced maturation as well, and saw similar, although less marked responses. CBD-treated moDCs were also less efficient at activating naïve T cells after LPS stimulation, further supporting the tolerogenic effect of this phytocannabinoid on moDCs. Reactome pathway analysis showed an inflammatory response to LPS in moDCs, and to a lesser extent to CBD as well. In contrast CBD-treated moDCs responded to LPS with a shift towards a more tolerogenic phenotype, as IL-10 signaling was the most prominently induced pathway in this group. Discussion Our results show that CBD achieves an anti-inflammatory effect on adaptive immune responses only in the presence of an activating stimuli on moDCs by reprogramming cells during long-term treatment, and not through acute, short-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Pénzes
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shahrzad Alimohammadi
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dorottya Horváth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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18
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Sun ZL, You T, Zhang BH, Liu Y, Liu J. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes miR-202-5p inhibited pyroptosis to alleviate lung ischemic-reperfusion injury by targeting CMPK2. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:688-698. [PMID: 37092308 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (BMSC-exosome) is a potential candidate for lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) treatment. This study aims to investigate the anti-pyroptosis effect of BMSC-exosomes in LIRI. The LIRI cell model was established by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was examined using a LDH assay kit. The interaction between microRNA (miR)-202-5p and cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. BMSC-exosomes promoted cell viability and suppressed pyroptosis in H/R-treated mouse lung epithelial. miR-202-5p was enriched in BMSC-exosomes, and exosomal miR-202-5p inhibition upregulated pyroptosis-associated proteins, including cleaved N-terminal Gasdermin D, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3, and Caspase1. Meanwhile, miR-202-5p suppressed CMPK2 expression by directly targeting CMPK2. Expectedly, CMPK2 knockdown reversed the promoting effect of exosomal miR-202-5p inhibition on pyroptosis in LIRI. Therefore, BMSC-derived exosome miR-202-5p repressed pyroptosis to inhibit LIRI progression by targeting CMPK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting You
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Hong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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19
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Guo ML, Roodsari SK, Cheng Y, Dempsey RE, Hu W. Microglia NLRP3 Inflammasome and Neuroimmune Signaling in Substance Use Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:922. [PMID: 37371502 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, substance use disorders (SUDs) have been increasingly recognized as neuroinflammation-related brain diseases. Various types of abused drugs (cocaine, methamphetamine, alcohol, opiate-like drugs, marijuana, etc.) can modulate the activation status of microglia and neuroinflammation levels which are involved in the pathogenesis of SUDs. Several neuroimmune signaling pathways, including TLR/NF-кB, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria dysfunction, as well as autophagy defection, etc., have been implicated in promoting SUDs. Recently, inflammasome-mediated signaling has been identified as playing critical roles in the microglia activation induced by abused drugs. Among the family of inflammasomes, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) serves the primary research target due to its abundant expression in microglia. NLRP3 has the capability of integrating multiple external and internal inputs and coordinately determining the intensity of microglia activation under various pathological conditions. Here, we summarize the effects of abused drugs on NLRP3 inflammasomes, as well as others, if any. The research on this topic is still at an infant stage; however, the readily available findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome could be a common downstream effector stimulated by various types of abused drugs and play critical roles in determining abused-drug-mediated biological effects through enhancing glia-neuron communications. NLRP3 inflammasome might serve as a novel target for ameliorating the development of SUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Guo
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Inflammatory Diseases, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Soheil Kazemi Roodsari
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Yan Cheng
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Rachael Elizabeth Dempsey
- Drug Addiction Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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20
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Lei K, Xu R, Wang Q, Xiong Q, Zhou X, Li Q, Seriwatanachai D, Lin S, Zhou C, Yuan Q. METTL5 regulates cranial suture fusion via Wnt signaling. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:369-376. [PMID: 38933773 PMCID: PMC11197682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
METTL5 is a methyltransferase that mediates eukaryotic 18S ribosomal RNA m6A modification, and its mutations lead to intellectual disability, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphism in patients. However, the role of METTL5 in craniofacial development remains poorly understood. This study demonstrates that Mettl5 knockout mice exhibit poor ossification, widened cranial sutures, and a cleidocranial dysplasia-like phenotype. Deletion of Mettl5 leads to increased proliferation and decreased osteogenic differentiation of suture mesenchymal stem cells. Mechanistically, we find that Wnt signaling is significantly downregulated after Mettl5 knockout. Overall, we reveal an essential role of METTL5 in craniofacial development and osteogenic differentiation of suture mesenchymal stem cells, making METTL5 a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for craniofacial developmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiuchan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dutmanee Seriwatanachai
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Qi W, Dong N, Wu L, Zhang X, Li H, Wu H, Ward N, Yu J, Liu H, Wang J, Deng X, Zhao RC. Promoting oral mucosal wound healing using a DCS-RuB2A2 hydrogel based on a photoreactive antibacterial and sustained release of BMSCs. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:53-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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22
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Umpreecha C, Bhalang K, Charnvanich D, Luckanagul J. Efficacy and safety of topical 0.1% cannabidiol for managing recurrent aphthous ulcers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:57. [PMID: 36803360 PMCID: PMC9940329 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although topical steroids constitute the first-line therapy for recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs), their long-term use often leads to candidiasis. Although cannabidiol (CBD) can be an alternative for pharmacologically managing RAUs due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory in vivo effects, there is a lack of clinical and safety trials concerning its use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of topical 0.1% CBD for managing RAU. METHODS A CBD patch test was performed on 100 healthy subjects. CBD was applied on the normal oral mucosa of 50 healthy subjects 3 times/day for 7 days. Oral examination, vital signs, and blood tests were performed pre- and post-CBD use. Another 69 RAU subjects randomly received one of three topical interventions: 0.1% CBD, 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide (TA), or placebo. These were applied on the ulcers 3 times/day for 7 days. The ulcer and erythematous size were measured on day 0, 2, 5, and 7. Pain ratings were recorded daily. The subjects rated their satisfaction with the intervention and completed a quality-of-life questionnaire (OHIP-14). RESULTS None of the subjects exhibited allergic reactions or side effects. Their vital signs and blood parameters were stable before and after the 7-day CBD intervention. CBD and TA significantly reduced ulcer size more than placebo at all time points. The erythematous size reduction was higher in the CBD intervention than the placebo on day 2, while TA reduced the erythematous size at all time points. The pain score in the CBD group was lower compared with placebo on day 5, whereas TA reduced pain more than placebo on day 4, 5, and 7. The subjects receiving CBD reported higher satisfaction than placebo. However, the OHIP-14 scores were comparable among the interventions. CONCLUSIONS Topical 0.1% CBD reduced ulcer size and accelerated ulcer healing without side effects. CBD exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the early stage and an analgesic effect in the late RAU stage. Thus, topical 0.1% CBD might be more appropriate for RAU patients who decline to take topical steroids, except for cases where CBD is contraindicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) Number TCTR20220802004. Retrospectively registered on 02/08/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalapinyo Umpreecha
- Pathum Thani Provincial Public Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, 14 Rat Amnuay Road, Bang Prok, Muang, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand. .,Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Kanokporn Bhalang
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, 34 Henri-Dunant Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Dusadee Charnvanich
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Jittima Luckanagul
- grid.7922.e0000 0001 0244 7875Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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23
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Corsato Alvarenga I, Panickar KS, Hess H, McGrath S. Scientific Validation of Cannabidiol for Management of Dog and Cat Diseases. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2023; 11:227-246. [PMID: 36790884 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-081122-070236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid of the plant Cannabis sativa L. CBD is increasingly being explored as an alternative to conventional therapies to treat health disorders in dogs and cats. Mechanisms of action of CBD have been investigated mostly in rodents and in vitro and include modulation of CB1, CB2, 5-HT, GPR, and opioid receptors. In companion animals, CBD appears to have good bioavailability and safety profile with few side effects at physiological doses. Some dog studies have found CBD to improve clinical signs associated with osteoarthritis, pruritus, and epilepsy. However, further studies are needed to conclude a therapeutic action of CBD for each of these conditions, as well as for decreasing anxiety and aggression in dogs and cats. Herein, we summarize the available scientific evidence associated with the mechanisms of action of CBD, including pharmacokinetics, safety, regulation, and efficacy in ameliorating various health conditions in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Corsato Alvarenga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;
| | - Kiran S Panickar
- Science & Technology Center, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, Kansas, USA
| | - Hannah Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA;
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24
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Guo X, Zhu T, Yu X, Yi X, Li L, Qu X, Zhang Z, Hao Y, Wang W. Betamethasone-loaded dissolvable microneedle patch for oral ulcer treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 222:113100. [PMID: 36577344 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral inflammatory disease (OID) is among the most common oral lesions, affecting people's quality of life and even leading to oral cancer. Oral ulcers are the most common OID. However, the pain and fear caused by the localized injection of hormones hinder the clinical treatment of oral ulcers. To address this problem, soluble hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle patches (BSP-BDP@HAMN) containing betamethasone 21-phosphate sodium (BSP) and betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate (BDP) were fabricated for potential application in oral ulcers. BSP-BDP@HAMNs had the sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate the rat tongue abdomen mucosa with an insertion depth of approximately 207 ± 3 µm. The rapidly solubilized HA microneedle carrier released BSP and BDP into the ulcer base within 3 min of entering the mucosa. Cellular assays have shown that BDP@HAMNs have wound healing-promoting and anti-inflammatory effects. Compared with topical injections and creams, BSP-BDP@HAMNs not only penetrated the ulcer surface painlessly but also worked deep in the ulcer for a long time. In conclusion, the proposed BSP-BDP@HAMN patch can improve the comfort and efficacy of oral ulcer treatment, thus providing a new prospect for oral ulcer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xixi Yu
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao 266001, China
| | - Xin Yi
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Longhao Li
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoying Qu
- Department of Stomatology, School of Stomatology of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuanping Hao
- Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao 266001, China.
| | - Wanchun Wang
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Qingdao Stomatological Hospital, Qingdao 266001, China.
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25
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Zhao B, Zhang Y, Xu J, Li Y, Yuan Q, Zhou C. Periplaneta Americana extract inhibits osteoclastic differentiation in vitro. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13341. [PMID: 36210640 PMCID: PMC9890529 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periplaneta americana extract (PAE) is proven to be promising in treating fever, wound healing, liver fibrosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, the role of PAE in skeletal disorders remains unclear. This study investigated whether PAE regulates osteoclastic differentiation in vitro via the culture using RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). MATERIALS AND METHODS RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs were cultured and induced for osteoclastic differentiation supplementing with different concentrations of PAE (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity and cell proliferation. TRAP staining, actin ring staining, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and bone resorption activity test were performed to detect osteoclastic differentiation. RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were conducted to assay the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and western blot analysis were carried out to uncover the underlying mechanism. RESULTS CCK-8 results showed that 10 mg/mL and a lower concentration of PAE did not affect cell proliferation. RT-qPCR analysis verified that PAE down-regulated the osteoclastic genes Nfatc1, Ctsk, and Acp5 in macrophages. Moreover, PAE restrained the differentiation, formation, and function of osteoclasts. Besides, RT-qPCR and ELISA assays showed that PAE decreased inflammatory genes expression and reduced the secretion of inflammatory factors, including IL1β, IL6, and TNFα. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis identified possible genes and signaling pathways of PAE-mediated osteoclastogenesis suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that PAE has inhibitive effects on osteoclastogenesis and may be a potential therapeutic alternative for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengduChina
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26
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Chen Y, Li Q, Liu Y, Chen X, Jiang S, Lin W, Zhang Y, Liu R, Shao B, Chen C, Yuan Q, Zhou C. AFF4 regulates cellular adipogenic differentiation via targeting autophagy. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010425. [PMID: 36149892 PMCID: PMC9534390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional elongation is a universal and critical step during gene expression. The super elongation complex (SEC) regulates the rapid transcriptional induction by mobilizing paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Dysregulation of SEC is closely associated with human diseases. However, the physiological role of SEC during development and homeostasis remains largely unexplored. Here we studied the function of SEC in adipogenesis by manipulating an essential scaffold protein AF4/FMR2 family member 4 (AFF4), which assembles and stabilizes SEC. Knockdown of AFF4 in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes inhibits cellular adipogenic differentiation. Overexpression of AFF4 enhances adipogenesis and ectopic adipose tissue formation. We further generate Fabp4-cre driven adipose-specific Aff4 knockout mice and find that AFF4 deficiency impedes adipocyte development and white fat depot formation. Mechanistically, we discover AFF4 regulates autophagy during adipogenesis. AFF4 directly binds to autophagy-related protein ATG5 and ATG16L1, and promotes their transcription. Depleting ATG5 or ATG16L1 abrogates adipogenesis in AFF4-overepressing cells, while overexpression of ATG5 and ATG16L1 rescues the impaired adipogenesis in Aff4-knockout cells. Collectively, our results unveil the functional importance of AFF4 in regulating autophagy and adipogenic differentiation, which broaden our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis. Obesity is a major health problem jeopardizing millions of individuals worldwide. From a pathological perspective, obesity occurs in the process of white adipose tissue expanding its mass through the enlargement of adipocyte size or advanced differentiation of adipocyte precursors to mature adipocytes. Studies have documented the dysregulated adipocyte metabolism of adipose tissue and associated disorders. However, our understanding of adipocyte development in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) commit their fate and preadipocytes undergo differentiation and maturation is scarce. Here, we identify the super elongation complex (SEC) scaffold protein AFF4 as an essential regulator of adipogenesis. We reveal that AFF4 promotes adipocyte formation by regulating the cellular autophagic process. AFF4 directly regulates the transcription of the autophagy-related protein ATG5 and ATG16L1, which are essential for autophagosome formation. This finding further elucidates the physiological role of SEC during tissue development, besides its recognized role in cancer occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail: ;
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27
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Li X, Feng Y, Liu W, Tan L, Sun Y, Song C, Liao Y, Xu C, Ren T, Ding C, Qiu X. A Role for the Chicken Interferon-Stimulated Gene CMPK2 in the Host Response Against Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:874331. [PMID: 35633731 PMCID: PMC9132166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.874331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection can lead to the production of interferon, which activates the JAK/STAT pathway and induces the expression of multiple downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) to achieve their antiviral function. Cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) gene has been identified as an ISG in human and fish, and is also known as a rate-limiting enzyme in mitochondria to maintain intracellular UTP/CTP levels, which is necessary for de novo mitochondrial DNA synthesis. By mining previous microarray data, it was found that both Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) and Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) infection can lead to the significant upregulation of chicken CMPK2 gene. However, little is known about the function of CMPK2 gene in chickens. In the present study, the open reading frame (ORF) of chicken CMPK2 (chCMPK2) was cloned from DF-1, a chicken embryo fibroblasts cell line, and subjected to further analysis. Sequence analysis showed that chCMPK2 shared high similarity in amino acid with CMPK2 sequences from all the other species, especially reptiles. A thymidylate kinase (TMK) domain was identified in the C-terminus of chCMPK2, which is highly conserved among all species. In vitro, AIV infection induced significant increases in chCMPK2 expression in DF-1, HD11, and the chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEF), while obvious increase only detected in DF-1 cells and CEF cells after NDV infection. In vivo, the expression levels of chCMPK2 were up-regulated in several tissues from AIV infected chickens, especially the brain, spleen, bursa, kidney, intestine, heart and thymus, and notable increase of chCMPK2 was detected in the bursa, kidney, duodenum, lung, heart, and thymus during NDV infection. Here, using MDA5 and IFN-β knockdown cells, we demonstrated that as a novel ISG, chCMPK2 could be regulated by the MDA5/IFN-β pathway. The high expression level of exogenous chCMPK2 displayed inhibitory effects on AIV and NDV as well as reduced viral RNA in infected cells. We further demonstrated that Asp135, a key site on the TMK catalytic domain, was identified as critical for the antiviral activities of chCMPK2. Taken together, these data demonstrated that chCMPK2 is involved in the chicken immune system and may play important roles in host anti-viral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Wu L, Shi M, Zeng D, Hu R, Wu X, Han S, He K, Xu H, Shao X, Ma R. Electroacupuncture Inhibits NLRP3 Activation by Regulating CMPK2 After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:788556. [PMID: 35401582 PMCID: PMC8987202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.788556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the expression of cytosine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to characterize the effects of electroacupuncture on CMPK2-associated regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods An SCI model was established in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. The expression levels of NLRP3 and CMPK2 were measured at different time points following induction of SCI. The rats were randomly divided into a sham group (Sham), a model group (Model), an electroacupuncture group (EA), an adeno-associated virus (AAV) CMPK2 group, and an AAV NC group. Electroacupuncture was performed at jiaji points on both sides of T9 and T11 for 20 min each day for 3 consecutive days. In the AAV CMPK2 and AAV NC groups, the viruses were injected into the T9 spinal cord via a microneedle using a microscope and a stereotactic syringe. The Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluate the motor function of rats in each group. Histopathological changes in spinal cord tissue were detected using H&E staining, and the expression levels of NLRP3, CMPK2, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β were quantified using Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and RT-PCR. Results The expression levels of NLRP3 and CMPK2 in the spinal cords of the model group were significantly increased at day 1 compared with those in the sham group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of NLRP3 and CMPK2 decreased gradually over time and remained low at 14 days post-SCI. We successfully constructed AAV CMPK2 and showed that CMPK2 was significantly knocked down following 2 dilutions. Finally, treatment with EA or AAV CMPK2 resulted in significantly increased BBB scores compared to those in the model group and the AAV NC group (p < 0.05). The histomorphology of the spinal cord in the EA and AAV CMPK2 groups was significantly different than that in the model and AAV NC groups. WB, IF, and PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of CMPK2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β were significantly lower in the EA and AAV CMPK2 groups compared with those in the model and AAV NC groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study showed that CMPK2 regulated NLRP3 expression in rats with SCI. Activation of NLRP3 is a critical mechanism of inflammasome activation and the inflammatory response following SCI. Electroacupuncture downregulated the expression of CMPK2 and inhibited activation of NLRP3, which could improve motor function in rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Zeng
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingying Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelin He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoMei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ruijie Ma,
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